UEE 605: Lecture 13

Decoupled Flow Method and

Fast Decoupled Flow Method
for Load Flow Studies
 Decoupled Flow Method
NR is simplified to decoupled flow method with
following assumptions:
1. Dependency of variation of real power with
change in bus voltage is neglected
𝜕𝑃𝑖
≅ 0; 𝑖 = 2,3, … 𝑁𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 = (𝑁𝑉 + 1), … 𝑁𝐵
𝜕𝑉𝑘
2. Dependency of variation of reactive power with
change in bus voltage phase angle is neglected
𝜕𝑄𝑖
≅ 0; 𝑖 = (𝑁𝑉 + 1), … 𝑁𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 = 2,3, … 𝑁𝐵
𝜕𝛿𝑘
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Jaccobian is simplified as in power equation as:
∆𝛿
∆𝑃 𝐻 0 ∆𝑉
=
∆𝑄 0 𝐿
𝑉

𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑖
𝜕𝛿𝑖 𝜕𝛿𝑘 0 0 ∆𝛿𝑖
∆𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑘 𝜕𝑃𝑘 0 0 ∆𝛿𝑘
∆𝑃𝑘 𝜕𝛿𝑖 𝜕𝛿𝑘 ∆𝑉𝑖
=
∆𝑄𝑖 𝜕𝑄𝑖 𝜕𝑄𝑖 𝑉𝑖
∆𝑄𝑘 𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑖 ∆𝑉𝑘
0 0 𝜕𝑉𝑖 𝜕𝑉𝑘
0 0 𝜕𝑄𝑘 𝜕𝑄𝑘 𝑉𝑘
𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑘
𝜕𝑉𝑖 𝜕𝑉𝑘
Calculations are simplified as:
𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝑖 −1
(𝑟+1) (𝑟) (𝑟+1)
∆𝛿𝑖 𝜕𝛿𝑖 𝜕𝛿𝑘 ∆𝑃𝑖 𝛿𝑖 𝛿 ∆𝛿𝑖
= Therefore = 𝑖 +
∆𝛿𝑘 𝜕𝑃𝑘 𝜕𝑃𝑘 ∆𝑃𝑘 𝛿𝑘 𝛿𝑘 ∆𝛿𝑘
𝜕𝛿𝑖 𝜕𝛿𝑘
And
∆𝑉𝑖 𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑄𝑖 −1 ∆𝑉𝑖 (𝑟+1)
𝑉𝑖 𝜕𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑖 𝜕𝑉 ∆𝑄𝑖 𝑉𝑖 (𝑟+1)
𝑉 (𝑟)
𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑖
= 𝑖 𝑘
Therefore = 𝑖 +
∆𝑉𝑘 𝜕𝑄𝑘
𝑉𝑖 𝜕𝑉
𝜕𝑄𝑘
𝑉𝑘 𝜕𝑉 ∆𝑄𝑘 𝑉𝑘 𝑉𝑘 ∆𝑉𝑘
𝑉𝑘 𝑖 𝑘 𝑉𝑘
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 Fast Decoupled Flow Method
Assumptions:
𝜕𝑃𝑖 𝜕𝑄𝑖
1. 𝜕𝑉𝑘
≅ 0 and
𝜕𝛿𝑘
≅0
2. For transmission lines x/r ratio >>1, 𝑟𝑖𝑘 ≪ 𝑥𝑖𝑘 therefore
𝐺𝑖𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐵𝑖𝑘
3. Difference in voltage phase angles
𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙. Therefore
cos 𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿𝑘 ≅ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sin 𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿𝑘 ≅ 0
4. Voltage 𝑉𝑖 = 1.0 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 to simplify Jacobian matrix.
5. 𝐴𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐺𝑖𝑘 sin 𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿𝑘 ≪ 𝐵𝑖𝑘 therefore 𝑄𝑖 <<𝐵𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑖2

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𝑯 submatrix of Jaccobian is simplified as:
∆𝛿
∆𝑃 𝐻 0 ∆𝑉
=
∆𝑄 0 𝐿
𝑉

∆𝑃 = 𝐻 ∆δ or ∆δ = 𝐻 −1 ∆𝑃

And ∆V = 𝑉 ℒ −1 ∆𝑄

where
𝝏𝑷𝒊 𝟐 𝟐
𝑯𝒊𝒊 = = −𝑸𝒊 − 𝑩𝒊𝒊 𝑽𝒊 ≅ −𝑩𝒊𝒊 𝑽𝒊 = −𝑩𝒊𝒊
𝝏𝜹𝒊
𝝏𝑷
𝑯𝒌𝒌 = 𝒌 = −𝑸𝒌 − 𝑩𝒌𝒌 𝑽𝒌 𝟐 ≅ −𝑩𝒌𝒌
𝝏𝜹𝒌
𝜕𝑃𝑖
𝐻𝑖𝑘 =
𝜕𝛿𝑘
=
𝑉𝑖 𝑉𝑘 { 𝐺𝑖𝑘 sin 𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿𝑘 − 𝐵𝑖𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿𝑖 − 𝛿𝑘 ≅ −𝑩𝒊𝒌

𝜕𝑃𝑘
𝐻𝑘𝑖 =
𝜕𝛿𝑖
= 𝑉𝑘 𝑉𝑖 { 𝐺𝑘𝑖 sin 𝛿𝑘 − 𝛿𝑖 − 𝐵𝑘𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛿𝑘 − 𝛿𝑖 ≅ −𝑩𝒌𝒊
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𝑳 submatrix of Jaccobian is simplified as:
𝝏𝑸𝒊
ℒ𝒊𝒊 = 𝑽𝒊 = 𝑸𝒊 − 𝑩𝒊𝒊 𝑽𝒊 𝟐 ≅ −𝑩𝒊𝒊 𝑽𝒊 𝟐 = −𝑩𝒊𝒊
𝝏𝑽𝒊
𝝏𝑸𝒌
ℒ𝒌𝒌 = 𝑽𝒌 = 𝑸𝒌 − 𝑩𝒌𝒌 𝑽𝒌 𝟐 ≅ −𝑩𝒌𝒌 𝑽𝒌 𝟐
𝝏𝑽𝒌
= −𝑩𝒌𝒌
𝝏𝑸𝒊
ℒ𝒊𝒌 = 𝑽𝒌 =
𝝏𝑽𝒌
𝑽𝒊 𝑽𝒌 {𝐺𝑖𝑘 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜹𝒊 − 𝜹𝒌 − 𝐵𝑖𝑘 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜹𝒊 − 𝜹𝒌 }= −𝑩𝒊𝒌
𝝏𝑸𝒌
ℒ𝒌𝒊 = 𝑽𝒊 =
𝝏𝑽𝒊
𝑽𝒌 𝑽𝒊 { 𝐺𝑘𝑖 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜹𝒌 − 𝜹𝒊 − 𝐵𝑘𝑖 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜹𝒌 − 𝜹𝒊 }= −𝑩𝒌𝒊

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 Fast decoupled Flow Method cont…

∆𝛿𝑖
∆𝑃𝑖 −𝑩𝒊𝒊 −𝑩𝒊𝒌 0 0 ∆𝛿𝑘
∆𝑃𝑘 −𝑩𝒌𝒊 −𝑩𝒌𝒌 0 0 ∆𝑉𝑖
=
∆𝑄𝑖 0 0 −𝑩𝒊𝒊 −𝑩𝒊𝒌 𝑉𝑖
∆𝑄𝑘 0 0 −𝑩𝒌𝒊 −𝑩𝒌𝒌 ∆𝑉𝑘
𝑉𝑘
Jaccobian results in a constant matrix , hence
calculations are simplified. Computation time per
iteration will reduce.
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 References
1. I.J. Nagrath, D.P. Kothari, (2008): Power
System Engineering, Chapter 6, Topic : 6.7,
6.8, Example 6.6, pp. 240-248
2. J.J. Grainger, W.D. Stevenson, (2003): Power
System Analysis, TMH Publishing, Chapter 9:

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