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PRE-CALCULUS HONORS NEWTON'S LAW OF COOLING (1)

NAME: DATE:

Newton's Law of Cooling:

States that the temperature ofa heated obiect decreases exponentia/lv over time towards the temperature
of the surroundinq medium.

This Law is named for the English mathematician and physicist Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

Newton's Law of Coolinq

Formula: T(t) = Tm + (TO -Tm)e-kt

Where, T(t) is the temperature of the object at any time t.

To is the initial temperature of the object

Tm is the temperature of the surrounding medium.

k is a constant

10

EXAMPLE:

El) An object is heated to 1000C and is then allowed to cool in a room whose temperature
is 300C.

If the temperature of the object is 800C after 5 minutes, when will its

temperature be 500C?
Determine the elapsed time before the temperature of the object is 350C.

(iii) What do you notice about the temperature of the object as time passes?
ANSWER:
Given, T(t) = 80, Tm = 30, To = 100, t =5
Solve for k, 80 = 30 + (100 - 30) e-5k

70 e-5k

50/70 = e 5k

In (50/70) = In (e 5k)

-5k = In (5/7)

k = In -0.06729
30 + (100 — 30) e-O.06729t

20 = 70 e -0.06729t

20/70 = e -0.06729t
-0.06729t
In (20/70) = In (e

In (2/7) = 0.06729t
t = In = 18.617 = 18.62 minutes

(ii)
35 = 30 + (100 — 30) e-O.06729t

5 = 70 e -0.06729t

5/70 = e -0.06729t
-0.06729t
In (5/70) = In (e

t = In 39.22 minutes

(iii)
T(t) = 30 + 70 e -0.06729t
0.06729t
As t increases, 70/ e
T(t) approaches 300C. Room TE/V\PeteFueG

ALWAYS, FIRST SOLVE FOR k IN THE FORMULA (UNLESS k IS PROVIDED).

• Tm IS CONSTANT

• To CONSTANT
 PRACTICE

Newton's Law of Cooling is

1) An exponential model (3) A logarithmic model

(2) A logistic model (4) A power model

P2) You placed a 12-1b turkey initially at 500F in a 3750F oven. After 75 minutes, it is found
that the temperature of the turkey is 1250F. When will the temperature of the turkey
be 900F?

(First calculate the value of k to 6 decimal places, then determine the time to 2 decimal
places) — lee
TO 5001? 37s-
375 OF -zts-z
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H- (To —Tm)e
- TIZ
37S+ -3T)e
zes-
-75k
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gas

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 A bar of iron, previously heated to 12000C, is cooled in a large bath of water
maintained at a constant temperature of 500C. The bar cools by 2000Cin the
first minute. How much longer will it take to cool a second 2000C?
[First, calculate k to four decimal places]

A cup of tea is poured from a pot whose contents are at 960C into an insulated cup.
The room temperature is 200C. After 8 minutes, the tea had cooled to 650C.
When will the tea reach a drinkable temperature of 250C?

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HOMEWORK (PKGS DUE DATE: 02/28/2023

Formula: T(t) = Tm + (TO -Tm)e-kt

HI) A cup of coffee cooled from 920C to 500C after 12 minutes in a room at 220C.

Calculate k to 4 decimal places

When will it cool to 300C?

H2) A cake is removed from an oven at 3500F and is set out on a counter to cool. The
cake cools to 1200F after 20 minutes.
If the temperature of the room is 650F, how
long will it take the cake to cool to 900F?