Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

SELF LEARNING KIT IN

SCIENCE 8
LESSON TITLE:

ATOMS: INSIDE OUT

MELC: S8MT-IIIe-f-10: Determine the number of protons, neutrons

and electrons in a particular atom.

Name of Teacher –Writer: MARICEL S. BALLETE

School: CABUGAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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 Good day my dear student! How are you today?
Are you ready to learn something new again?
Our topic is all about atoms this time. But before that,
read first this simple reminders for you. Don’t worry, I am
here to guide you.

Here’s a simple guide for you in doing about this learning kit:
 Follow the instructions carefully.
 Read and understand well the short discussion before you
proceed to the given activities.
 Answer all the activities diligently to help and guide you in
understanding the topic.
 Handle this Self-Learning Kit (SLK) with care. DO NOT WRITE
anything.
 Use your ANSWER SHEET in writing your answers.
 

Learning Competency:
Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons
in a particular atom
Code: S8MT-IIIe-f-10

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify and describe the subatomic particles of an atom.
2. compute the number of protons, neutrons and electrons
in a particular atom; and
3. relate subatomic particles of an atom in real life
situations.

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 It’s nice to see you!
Last time, you learned about the changes of matter, right?
Let me check if you can still remember. Please answer the
activity below.

DIRECTION: Identify what kind of changes do the following undergoes. Write PC if it

is physical change, and CC if it is chemical change in your answer sheet.
__________1. Ice melting _________6. Ripe banana
__________2. Broken glass _________ 7. Dried leaves
__________3. Digested food _________ 8. Sliced apple
__________4. Burning of paper _________9. Sour milk
__________5. Cutting of wood _________10. Baked cake

Did you get a perfect score?

Are you ready for our next lesson?
Our next lesson is all about ATOM. Close your eyes for a
while and imagine how an atom looks like. Draw your answer
in your answer sheet:

MY ATOM

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 Matter is made up of atoms which are too small to
see with the unaided eye or even with the use of the
ordinary light microscope. Ancient Greek philosophers
conceived the idea that an atom is indivisible, and it has
no parts.
However, scientists conducted various experiments in
the latter part of the 19 th century to the early half of the 20th
century. They collected evidences that atoms are
composed of three types of particles namely: protons,
Definition of electrons, and neutrons. These components are
Terms collectively referred to as subatomic particles.

ATOM Protons (p+) are positively charged particles found

-smallest units within the atomic nucleus. Ernest Rutherford discovered
of matter them in experiments with cathode-ray tubes that were
conducted between 1911 and 1919. The number of protons
PROTON an atom has decides the chemical element.
-positively Electrons (e-) are negatively charged particles and
charged particle are electrically attracted to the protons. It was discovered by
Joseph John (J.J.) Thomson in 1897. It surrounds the
ELECTRON atomic nucleus in pathways called orbitals, an idea that was
-negatively put forth by Erwin Schrodinger in 1920. The number of
charged particle electrons defines the atom's chemical properties, like its
melting temperature and boiling point.
NEUTRON
Neutrons (n0) are the particles with no charge found
- uncharged
within the atomic nuclei. It was discovered by James
particle
Chadwick in 1932.

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 After reading the short discussion, please answer the activity
below.

ACTIVITY 1- KNOW WHAT!

I. Read and analyze each item. Write the correct answer in your answer sheet.

1. What type of charge does a proton have?

negative neutral positive

2. What type of charge does a neutron have?

negative neutral positive

3. What type of charge does an electron have?

negative neutral positive

4. Which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

protons and electrons protons and neutrons electrons and neutrons

5. What do you need to know if you want to find the chemical element of an
atom?
melting temperature
number of electron
number of proton

II. Label the subatomic particles of an atom in the diagram below. Write your
answer in your answer sheet.
A.

B.

-
+ +
-
C.

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 In atoms, it is the difference in the number of protons that
determines the different elements. You can determine the
composition of the atom of any element atom by its ATOMIC
NUMBER and MASS NUMBER.
Hence, you should be familiar with the meaning of numbers
in the periodic table, and the shorthand notation of writing the atomic
number and mass number next to the symbol of the element.

Example:
Atomic
Number
3
Li Element’s
Symbol
Element’s
Lithium
Name
6.941 Mass
number
Remember that atomic number is the number of PROTONS
in the nucleus of an element’s atoms.
On the other hand, mass number is the sum of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of an element’s atoms. Since each of the
atoms on the periodic table is electrically neutral, it means that the
number of protons in an atom’s nucleus must be equal to the
number of electrons around the nucleus. To determine the
number of neutrons in the nucleus, subtract the atomic number
from the mass number.
In short, in finding the number of Protons, Neutrons and
Electrons in an Element, used the following formula:
1) Number of Protons = Atomic Number = Number of Electrons
2) Number of Neutrons = Mass Number – Atomic Number
3) Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons
Note: Mass number should be rounded off to the nearest whole number.

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 Let us try this! Are you
ready?

Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the following

elements.
32
Ge Round off to
1.) 72.631 the nearest

Atomic Number=___32___ Mass Number=___73____

Number of Protons=____32____ Number of Electrons=____32______
Number of Neutrons= 73-32= 41___
What is name of the element? Germanium

2.)
76
Os Round off to
190.23 the nearest

Atomic Number=___76___ Mass Number=___190____

Number of Protons=____76____ Number of Electrons=____76______
Number of Neutrons= 190-76= 114__
What is name of the element? Osmium

Here’s the general rule for

rounding off numbers to the
nearest whole number: Now, can you do it
1.) If the number you drop off is alone?
5,6,7,8, or 9, add 1 to the whole Well we will…
number.
2.) If the number you drop off is
0,1, 2, 3,or 4, the whole number is
remain unchanged.

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ACTIVITY 2- WHAT NUMBER IS IN ME..
Directions: Study the elements below. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers
based from the given elements. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

8 Atomic Number=__________ Mass Number=______

1 O Number of Protons=_______
. _______ Number of Electrons=______
15.999 Number of Neutrons=_______

30 Atomic Number=__________ Mass Number=______

2. ____ Number of Protons=_______
Zinc Number of Electrons=______
65.39 Number of Neutrons=_______

14 Atomic Number=__________ Mass Number=______

3. ____ Number of Protons=_______
Silicon Number of Electrons=______
28.086 Number of Neutrons=_______

53 Atomic Number=__________ Mass Number=______

4. I Number of Protons=_______
_______ Number of Electrons=______
126.905 Number of Neutrons=_______

79 Atomic Number=__________ Mass Number=______

5. ____ Number of Protons=_______
Gold Number of Electrons=______
196.967 Number of Neutrons=_______

That’s great! Let us

have some more..

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ACTIVITY 3- COMPLETE ME..

Direction: Complete the table below by filling out the correct number in each
column. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

Element’s Atomic Mass Protons Electrons Neutrons

Name Number Number
Lead 82 125
Selenium 79 34
Chromium 24 28
Fluorine 10 9
Niobium 41 93
Phosphorus 15 31
Krypton 85 36
Molybdenum 42 54
Palladium 106 46
Xenon 54 131
Mercury 201 78
Potassium 19 20
Francium 87 136
Magnesium 24 12
Seaborgium 265 106

Awesome! Did you

get a perfect score?

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 Atoms are the smallest units of matter. It is indivisible
which means it cannot be broken down by an ordinary
chemical means.
The proton(p+) has a positive electrical charge and is
stable by itself. The neutron(n0) has no net electrical charge.
Both protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom.
Nucleus is located at the center of an atom. The electron (e-)
has a negative electrical charge. It is found outside the
nucleus.
To determine the number of protons, electrons and
neutrons in an atom, the following formula are used:
1)Atomic Number=Number of Protons=Number of Electrons
2) Number of Neutrons=Mass Number-Atomic Number
3) Mass Number= Protons+ Neutrons

You’re almost done with our lesson for today. Now, let us have
the Q and A portion. Write your answer briefly.

Here’s your question, “If you can be one of the subatomic

particles of an atom, which one will you be and why?”

If I am one of the subatomic particles of an atom, I choose

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
I, thank you.

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 I. Doodle Notes
Fill in the missing word to complete the definitions of the
subatomic particles of an atom. Write in your answer sheet.

NEUTRONS
.
are particles of an atom
found in __________ with
_______ charge. It was
discovered by
- ____________________
+ + in _______.
-
ELECTRONS
are ______________ charged
particles. It is found __________
PROTONS the nucleus of an atom. It was
are ______________ charged particles. discovered by ________________
It is found in the __________ of an in __________.
atom. It was discovered by
___________________between _____
and________.

II. Refer to the diagram below and answer the following questions Write your
answer in a complete sentence in you answer sheet.
1.How many numbers of protons in the
diagram? ________________________
-
2.How many numbers of neutrons in the
diagram? ________________________
+ + 3. How many numbers of electrons in
- + + the diagram? _____________________
4.What is the atomic number?
-
________________________________
5.What is the mass number?

- ________________________________
_
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II. Multiple Choices. Read each item carefully. Write the LETTER of your
answer in your answer sheet.

1. Which of the subatomic particles represent the atomic number of an element?

A. Electrons
B. Neutrons
C. Nucleus
D. Protons

2. What part of an atom is where almost its entire mass is concentrated?

A. protons
B. electrons
C. nucleus
D. neutrons

3. What is the mass number of an atom which contains 28 protons, 28 electrons, and
34 neutrons?
A. 28
B.56
C. 62
D.90

4. How many protons does an atom have if its mass number is 23 and its atomic
number is 11?
A. 11
B. 12
C. 23
D. 44

5. If an atom has 35 protons in the nucleus, how many electrons will it have orbiting
the nucleus?
A. 15
B. 25
C. 35
D. 45

6. What is the mass number of an atom with 3 protons, 4 neutrons and 3 electrons?
A. 4
B. 7
C. 10
D. 12

7. How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of an atom that has a mass number
of 36 and an atomic number of 25?
A. 61
B. 36
C. 25
D. 11

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For items 8-10, refer to the following shorthand notations.

16 53 25 19
Silicon Iodine Manganese Potassium
32.06 126.905 54.938 39.098

8. Which of the following elements has the highest neutrons?

A. Iodine
B. Manganese
C. Potassium
D. Silicon
9. Which of the following elements has the lowest number of protons?
A. Iodine
B. Manganese
C. Potassium
D. Silicon
10. What is the correct sequence of elements if you are going to arrange them from
the highest to the lowest number of electrons?
A. Iodine, Manganese, Potassium, Silicon
B. Iodine, Manganese, Potassium, Silicon
C. Silicon, Iodine, Manganese, Potassium
D. Silicon, Potassium, Manganese, Iodine

How well did you do?

That ends our journey about ATOM.
Finally, you are done with your Self-
Learning Kit (SLK).
Congratulations!
I hope you enjoyed learning.
Stay safe!

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 If you want to read more about our
lesson, just refer to the following
references:

Books
Adriaga, E. et.al. 2003.Science Links Work Text for Scientific and Technological
Literacy 8 ed. Rex Bookstore.

Campo, Pia. et.al. 2016.Science 8 Learner’s Module, Reprint Edition 2014.

Corcino, Karrie Kea L. et al., Science for Millennials Grade 8, (Salinlahi Publishing
House, Inc. 2018)
Mathematics in Everyday Life: Textbook (IMC, Revised Edition,1992, Reprint,1997).

Online

U.S EPA Education Activities: Atomic Math and Shorthand. Accessed on May 22,
2020, http://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov.

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Review: 1. PC 2. PC 3. CC 4. CC 5. PC 6. CC 7. CC
8. PC 9. CC 10. CC
Motivation: answers may vary
Activity 1: I. 1. Positive 2. Neutral 3. Negative 4. Protons and neutrons
5.Know how many protons it has
II. A. neutron B. proton C. electron

Activity 2:
1. Oxygen Atomic Number= 8 Mass Number=16
Number of Protons= 8 Number of Electrons=8
Number of Neutrons= 8

2. Zn Atomic Number= 30 Mass Number=65

Number of Protons= 30 Number of Electrons=30
Number of Neutrons=35

3. Si Atomic Number= 14 Mass Number=28

Number of Protons=14 Number of Electrons=14
Number of Neutrons=14

4. Iodine Atomic Number=53 Mass Number=127

Number of Protons=53 Number of Electrons=53
Number of Neutrons=74

5. Au Atomic Number= 79 Mass Number=197

Number of Protons=79 Number of Electrons=79
Number of Neutrons=118
Activity 3:
Element’s Atomic Mass Number Protons Electrons Neutrons
Name Number
Lead 82 207 82
Selenium 34 34 45
Chromium 52 24 24
Fluorine 10 19 10
Niobium 41 41 52
Phosphorus 46 15 15
Krypton 36 36 49
Molybdenum 96 42 42
Palladium 46 46 60
Xenon 54 54 77
Mercury 78 78 123
Potassium 39 19 19
Francium 87 223 87
Magnesium 12 12 12
Seaborgium 106 106 159

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Assessment
I.Neutrons are particles of an atom found in nucleus with no charge. It was
discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
Electrons are negatively charged particles. It is found outside the nucleus of
an atom. It was discovered by Joseph John Thomson in 1897.
Protons are positively charged particles. It is found inside the nucleus of an
atom. It was discovered by Ernest Rutherford between 1911 and 1919.

II.1. There are 4 protons in the diagram.

2. There are 3 neutrons in the diagram.
3. There are 4 electrons in the diagram.
4. The atomic number is 4.
5. The mass number is 7.

III. 1. D 2.C 3. C 4. A 5.C 6.B 7. D 8. A 9.D 10. A

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