EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ASSIGNMENT 1 (SIMULATION)

COURSE : ELECTRICAL DRIVES

COURSE CODE : EPO640
DEADLINE : 27th JUNE 2022
LECTURER : TS. DR. WAN NORAISHAH

GROUP EE2426D STUDENT ID

Member 1 (Leader): Muhammad Taufiq Bin Khairun Nadzim 2019218704

NAME Member 2: Muhammad Zaim Azizi Bin Zahari 2019415378
Member 3: Nur Aisyah Nabila Binti Zaidi 2020973993
Member 4: Nor Zulaika Zafirah Binti Azmin 2019314963

QUESTION (S) COURSE OBJECTIVES (COs)- MARKS

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES (POs)
1 CO2, CO3 / PO3

TOTAL (100%)
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

ABSTRACT
An induction motor is a generally used AC electric motor. In an induction motor, the electric current in
the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of
the stator winding.[1] These motors are also called as Asynchronous Motors because an induction motor always
runs at a speed lower than synchronous speed. Synchronous speed means the speed of the rotating magnetic
field in the stator. [2]
It is well known that the dc motor drive has an excellent dynamic performance. This is mainly due to
the decoupled (separate) control of stator magnetic field and electromagnetic torque of the motor. The field-
oriented control, also known as vector control, is used for induction motor to emulate the dc motor control.[3]
In a basic Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC) of an induction motor, speed and phase currents are
sensed in order to control the stator current vector such a way so it can be resolved into two components, one is
to control the rotor flux and the other to control the motor torque.[4]

INTRODUCTION
Students of Semester 6 of School of Electrical Engineering of UiTM are made compulsory to construct
Induction Motor (IM) and Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC) blocks using MATLAB software.
The main purposes are to study the components of IM and IRFOC and to study the outputs of IM and IRFOC.
Without using the built-in IM blocks provided in the MATLAB software, an Induction Motor blocks are
manually constructed. Next, we had to observe and study the IM waveshape output in the scope of IM blocks.
We had to determine how affected would torque be by loads and what would happen to the current in case of
no-load and full load. Next, we had to construct the IRFOC blocks manually as soon as we are done constructing
the IM block. The difference between IM and IRFOC in terms of output waveshapes are studied. By the end of
this assignment, a study of improvement of the performance of induction motor and indirect rotor field-oriented
control as well as a recommendation to improve the system is done.

BACKGROUND
The torque-speed characteristics of a three-phase induction motor is defined as the curve plotted
between torque developed and rotational speed of the motor. The torque-speed curve is used to shows the
variation in the motor torque with the change in its speed. [5]
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

Throughout this experiment, we observed the waveform of stator current, rotor speed and torque load.
The rotor speed decreased as the torque load increased. In the other hands, the stator current increased
proportionally with the torque load. As mentioned in the Abstract, Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control
(IRFOC) of an induction motor, speed and phase currents are used to control the stator current vector such a
way so it can be resolved into two components, one is to control the rotor flux and the other to control the motor
torque. [4]

FINDINGS
1. Induction Motor

Figure 1: Induction Motor circuit diagram

EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

Figure 2: Output waveforms of Rotor Speed, Stator Current and Torque

when Torque Load = 100Nm.

Figure 3: Output waveforms of Rotor Speed, Stator Current and Torque

when Torque Load = 300Nm.
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

Figure 4: Output waveforms of Rotor Speed, Stator Current and Torque

when Torque Load = 500Nm.

Torque, TL (Nm) Stator Current, Iabc Electromagnetic Rotor Speed, 𝝎 (rad/s)

(A) Torque (Te) (Nm)

0 16.97 0.0000743 157.1

100 40.21 100 156.4
300 83.63 300 154.8
500 130.1 500 153.0
Table 1: Output Value of Stator Current, Torque and Rotor Speed at different Torque Load values.

The induction motor circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 had being constructed by referring to the
“Simulink/MATLAB Dynamic Induction Motor Model for Use as A Teaching and Research Tool” research
paper. The behavior of the induction motor can be studied by observing the output waveform in terms of stator
currents, speed, and torque at a specific torque load (TL) value. In this assignment, the torque load (TL) had
been set at several values which are 0Nm, 100Nm, 300Nm, and 500Nm. By referring to the output value of
stator current, torque, and rotor speed at different torque load values shown in Table 1, the pattern of values can
be observed. The value of stator current and electromagnetic torque can be seen to increase when the load is
increased. Meanwhile, the rotor speed value shows the opposite behavior. The rotor speed becomes decreasing
with the high value of torque load (TL). In a conclusion, the stator current and electromagnetic torque are directly
proportional to the torque load. While rotor speed is inversely proportional to the torque load.
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

2. Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC).

Figure 5: Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC) circuit diagram.

Figure 6: Output waveforms of Stator Current, Rotor Speed and Torque

when Torque Load = 50Nm.
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

Figure 7: Output waveforms of Stator Current, Rotor Speed and Torque

when Torque Load = 100Nm.

Figure 8: Output waveforms of Stator Current, Rotor Speed and Torque

when Torque Load = 200Nm.
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

Torque, TL Time (s) Stator Current, Rotor Speed, Electromagnetic

(Nm) Iabc (A) 𝝎 (rad/s) Torque (Te) (Nm)
0 0.5 3.339 1500 -0.005877
1.17 3.222 1500 -0.002627
1.40 2.941 -1500 0.005002
50 0.5 -2.463 1500 0.005937
1.17 -0.7899 1487 50
1.40 -2.319 1514 50.01
100 0.5 -2.463 1500 0.005937
1.17 -17.71 1473 100
1.40 -0.6852 -1527 100
200 0.5 -2.463 1500 0.005937
1.17 10.10 1445 200
1.40 22.20 -0.001554 200
Table 2: Output value of Stator Current, Rotor Speed and Torque at specific time.

In this section, Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC) will be discussed. The behavior of
indirect field-oriented control is studied by inserting torque load and varying the value of the torque load. For
each load torque value, there are three specific times where the data of stator current, rotor speed, and torque
are taken which are 0.5s, 1.17s, and 1.4s. As shown in Table 2, there is the list of the data output value of stator
current, rotor speed, and torque at specific time. The value of stator current and electromagnetic torque saw to
be increasing with the increase of torque load. While the rotor speed is decreasing by the increasing of the torque
load. Hence, can be concluded that the stator current and electromagnetic torque are directly proportional to the
torque load. The rotor speed is inversely proportional to the torque load.

RECOMMENDATION
This experiment can always be improved for better results. In order for this experiment to be carried out
successfully, there are a few recommendations. Since there might be a humane mistake in the connection of the
components in the circuit, the circuit can be double checked in case of any components misplace or
misconnection. Some mistakes might not be obvious which could be overlooked while carrying out the
experiment.
Next, the speed is inversely proportional to the torque load, which means that when the torque load
increases, the speed decreases to the point it could possibly stop accelerating if the torque load continue
increasing to the overload level. Thus, controlling the load level is important to prevent the motor from
overloading as it could also result in motor damage from the high current due to the high torque load. This is
because the current increases along with the torque load. Hence, a limit to the torque load is essential.
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

Since the position of the rotor flux vector is estimated in an IRFOC scheme and is dependent on the
motor model (more specifically the rotor parameters), these parameters must be obtained accurately and match
the motor parameters at all times. [4]
Furthermore, the Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC) induction motor performance is hugely
impacted by the value of the rotor resistance, Rr and inductance, Lr. A small value of time constant, Tr will
assure the stability of the IRFOC induction motor when the load torque is constant. Thus, the value of rotor
resistance, Rr should be greater than the value of inductance, Lr is we refer to the equation Tr = Lr / Rr. [6]

CONCLUSION
This project is about finding the characteristic of induction motor and indirect rotor field-oriented
control (IRFOC) by constructing circuits using MATLAB software. All the objectives had been achieved.
Students had been able to construct the Simulink model by creating Simulink subsystems using machines.
Although there were some difficulties to construct the circuit, in the end, the circuit had done on time. Other
than that, students also successfully developed models that allow access to all motor parameters for monitoring
and comparison. Students are also able to study the dynamic behavior of an AC machine. May observe the
behavior of the induction motor and indirect rotor field-oriented control (IRFOC) by analyzing the waveforms
of the speed, load torque, and stator currents. The effects of adding a torque load for both an induction motor
(IM) and an indirect rotor field-oriented control (IRFOC), where the outcomes varied depending on the amount
of torque load applied. In both circuits, the rotor speed is inversely proportional to the torque load and the stator
current, while electromagnetic torque is directly proportional to the torque load.

REFERENCES
[1] Princy A.J, Induction Motors: Main Types and Different Application, June 04, 2020. [Online].
Available: https://www.researchdive.com/blog/induction-motors-main-types-and-different-applications

[2] Kiran Daware, Working Principle and Types of Induction Motor, 2014-2021. [Online]. Available:
https://www.electricaleasy.com/2014/02/working-principle-and-types-of.html

[3] Bin Wu, High Power Converters and AC Drives, IEEE Press, Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, 2006.

[4] Eyad Moh’d Moh’d Radwan, July 2004, Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor with
Rotor Time Constant Estimation, July 2004, Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti
EPO640 ASSIGNMENT (SIMULATION)

Putra Malaysia in Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Universiti Putra
Malaysia. [Online]. Available: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/5966/1/FK_2004_79%20IR.pdf

[5] Manish Kumar Saini, Three-phase Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristics, July 5, 2021.
[Online]. Available: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/three-phase-induction-motor-torque-speed-
characteristics#

[6] Said Grouni, Rachid Ibtiouen, Madjid Kidouche and Omar Touhami, Online Rotor Time
Constant Estimator for Induction Machines with Optimum Flux, New Trends in Technologies, Blandna Ramov,
IntechOpen, January 1, 2010. [Online]. DOI: 10.5772/7585.