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谈《伤寒论》之渴 (上) 王明炯
谈《伤寒论》之渴 (上) 王明炯
·张仲景学术思想探讨·
谈《伤寒论 》之渴 ( 上 )
1 1 2
王明炯 ,王文华 ,余钰
摘要: 阳明病多口渴,阳明胃家有热是导致口渴的直接原因。小柴胡汤证患者如果阳明热重津液被伤,则口渴,张仲景去
半夏之辛燥,加人参、栝蒌根生津液; 如果患者风重,则不渴,仲景去人参之甘寒,加桂枝祛风。脾约丸证患者,胃气虚乏
而生热,此热乃虚热,其病机以脾虚寒为主,所以患者口不渴。阳明经阳气的来复是疾病向愈之兆,阳气来复的表现为口
此时病人少量饮水,阴阳自和则痊愈; 如果饮水过多则“不能消之”,表现为“其腹必满,小便不利”; 对于“太阳有寒,
渴,
阳明有热”,加上饮水过多的患者,当阳气恢复必定“大汗出,小便利”,阳明之热和太阳之寒随汗而解,体内蓄积之水随小
便而解。
关键词: 渴; 阳明病; 《伤寒论》; 张仲景; 小柴胡汤证; 麻子仁丸证; 猪苓汤证; 肝乘脾; 肝乘肺
DOI: 10. 16367 / j. issn. 1003 - 5028. 2019. 09. 0320
本文引用: 王明炯,王文华,余钰. 谈《伤寒论》之渴( 上) [J]. 河南中医, 39( 9) : 1297 - 1300.
2019,
中图分类号: R222. 2 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1003 - 5028( 2019) 09 - 1297 - 04
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2019 年 9月 河 南 中 医 September 2019
第 39 卷 第 9 期 HENAN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE Vol. 39 No. 9
匕,日三服,多饮暖水,汗出愈。”对于热病的向愈, 有寒,阳明有热”加上饮水过多的患者,当阳气恢复
《伤寒论·伤寒例 》云: “凡得时气病,至五六日,而 必定“大汗出,小便利 ”,阳明之热和太阳之寒随汗
渴欲饮水,饮不能多,不当与也,何者? 以腹中热尚 而解,体内蓄积之水随小便而解。 ( 未完待续)
少,不能消之,便更与人作病也。至七八日,大渴,欲
参考文献:
饮水者,犹当依证与之。 与之常令不足,勿极意也,
言能饮一斗,与五升。 若饮而腹满,小便不利,若喘 [1] 王焘. 外台秘要[M]. 北京: 华夏出版社,
2009: 539,
127.
Abstract: Yangming disease often has thirsty. Some yangming gastrologists believe that heat is the direct cause of thirst. For pa-
tients with syndrome of Minor Bupleurum Decoction,if yingming heat is excessive,fluid will be hurt and thirst will appear. So
Zhang Zhong-jing removes pungent and dry nature of Banxia ( Rhizoma Pinelliae) ,makes good use of Renshen ( Radix et Rhizo-
ma Ginseng) and Kuolougen ( Radix Trichosanthis) in order to generate fluid. For patients with serious wind syndrome,thirst
will not appear. So Zhang Zhong-jing removes sweet and cold nature of Renshen ( Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) ,adds Guizhi
( Ramulus Cinnamomi) in order to remove wind. For patients with syndrome of Pill for Constipation of Splenic Origin,deficient
stomach qi generates heat which belongs to heat of deficiency type,the syndrome is mainly manifested as deficiency and cold of
spleen,so the patients have no feeling of thirst. The return again of yang-qi in yangming meridian is a sign of disease healing;
the manifestation of yang-qi return again is thirst. If patients drink a small amount of water,yin and yang will harmonize and the
disease will heal; if they drink too much water,they cannot digest it,which is manifested as abdomen fullness and dysuria. For
patients who have cold syndrome in taiyang meridian and heat in yangming meridian and drink too much water,when yang re-
turns again,they must have sweating too much and smooth urination. Then cold syndrome in taiyang meridian and heat in yang-
ming meridian will be removed by sweating,and water accumulation inside the body will be removed with urine.
Key Words: thirst; yangming disease; Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases; Zhang Zhong-jing; syndrome of Minor Bupleurum Decoc-
tion; syndrome of Cannabis Fruit Pill; syndrome of Polyporus Decoction; liver subjugating spleen; liver subjugating lung
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