UNDERSTANDING RATIO

AND PROPORTION
Objectives:

1.To understand the concepts of

ratio and proportion.

2.To differentiate ratio and rate.

3.To illustrate proportion in real-

life situations.
GEAR UP!
Reduce the following fractions to lowest
terms. FRACTION LOWEST TERM
16 𝟐
24 𝟑
30 𝟑
70 𝟕
126 𝟕 𝟏
𝒐𝒓 𝟑
36 𝟐 𝟐
88 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
𝒐𝒓 𝟏
72 𝟗 𝟗
55 𝟏𝟏 𝟑
𝒐𝒓 𝟏
40 𝟖 𝟖
WHAT IS RATIO?

It is a comparison of
two numbers using
division that indicates
quotients of two
quantities of the same
kind or unit.
 RATIO

- the order in which the numbers

are written in ratio form is
important.

Written as:
𝒂
𝒂: 𝒃 𝒐𝒓
𝒃

𝒃
b ∶ 𝒂 𝒐𝒓 𝒂
For example:
In a public senior high school, there are
775 students and 25 teachers.

A. What is the ratio of the number of students

to the number of teachers?
𝟕𝟕𝟓
𝟕𝟕𝟓: 𝟐𝟓 𝒐𝒓
𝟐𝟓
B. What is the ratio of the number of teachers
to the number of students?
𝟐𝟓
2𝟓: 𝟕𝟕𝟓 𝒐𝒓
𝟕𝟕𝟓
EQUIVALENT OR EQUAL RATIOS
- are ratios with the same values.

ORIGINAL RATIO EQUIVALENT RATIO IN

LOWEST TERM
30: 45 2: 𝟑
12: 48 1: 𝟒
20: 75 4: 𝟏𝟓
39: 91 3: 𝟕
120: 15 𝟖: 𝟏
 RATIO SYMBOL MEANING

8: 12 • There are 2 boys for

8 boys to 12 girls or every 3 girls.
2: 3
• There are 31
31 students to 1
31: 1 students for every
teacher
teacher.
34: 2 • There are 17 ripe
34 ripe mangoes to 2
or mangoes for every
unripe mangoes
17: 1 ripe mango.
WHAT IS RATE?

It is a ratio that
compares different
kinds or units.
Examples:
1. A car travelled a distance of 150
kilometers in 3 hours. Find the unit rate
comparing distance travelled by the car to
the time it takes to cover that distance?
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔
𝒐𝒓
𝟑 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝟏 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓
2. If 12 prints of pictures cost Php360,
what is the unit cost of a print of
pictures?
𝟏𝟐 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝟏 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒕
𝒐𝒓
𝑷𝒉𝒑𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝑷𝒉𝒑𝟑𝟎
WHAT IS PROPORTION?
- a statement that two
ratios are equal.
a:b=c:d
or
𝒂 𝒄
=
𝒃 𝒅
Where;
a and d - extremes
b and c - means
Fundamental Law Of Proportion
In any proportion, the product of the means is equal to the
product of extremes.

Examples:
Determine whether the following is a true proportion or not.

1. 3 : 5 = 21 : 75 𝑵𝑶𝑻 𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
2. 21 : 28 = 9 : 12 𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
3. 5 : 15 = 4 : 12 𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
4. 9 : 7 = 13 : 9 𝑵𝑶𝑻 𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
5. 24 : 36 = 2 : 3 𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵
Finding The Missing Term in a Proportion
 Use the Fundamental Law of Proportion.
 In any proportion, the product of the means is equal to the
product of extremes.

Examples
Find the missing term of the following proportions.
1. 8 : 32 = n : 20 𝒏=𝟓
2. 6 : 15 = 2.4 : n 𝒏=𝟔
3.
𝟐𝟒
=
𝟏𝟎 𝟑
𝟗 𝒏 𝒏 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟑
4.
𝟖
=
𝒏 𝟒
𝟏𝟒 𝟗𝟏 𝒏 = 𝟓𝟐
𝟐𝟖 𝟎.𝟒
5. 𝟐𝟑𝟖
=
𝒏
𝒏 = 𝟑. 𝟒
MOTIVATION OF THE DAY
If you’re trying to create a
company, it’s like baking a
cake. You have to have all the
ingredients in the right
proportion.

- Elon Musk