Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AAO Classes: RBE Revolution by Education
AAO Classes: RBE Revolution by Education
ACCOUNTING TERMINOLOGY
AAO classes
1. ENTITY-(इकाई) RBE
AAO classes
2. EVENT-(घटना) RBE
AAO classes
3. BUSINESS TRANSACTION-(कारोबार( सौदा) RBE
AAO classes
4. ACCOUNT-(खाता) RBE
An account is a summary of relevant transactions at one place relating to a
particular head. It records not only the amount of transaction but also their effect
and direction.
AAO classes
5. ASSETS-(संप12यां) RBE
AAO classes
Current Assets - Current assets are those assets which are held:–
RBE
(i) in the form of cash, or
(ii) for their conversion into cash, either within the Operating Cycle Period or
within the 12 Months Period from the date of Balance Sheet, or
(iii) for their consumption in the production of goods or rendering of services in
the normal course of business.
वत#मान संप*+- वत(मान संप1^यां वे संप1^यां हc जो धाBरत हc :-
(i) नकद के Dप मE, या
(ii) नकदF मE उनके Dपांतरण के िलए, या तो पBरचालन चब अविध के भीतर या बैलEस
शीट कS तारFख से 12 महFने कS अविध के भीतर, या
(iii) Jयापार के सामाnय बम मE वःतुओं के उGपादन या सेवाओं के ूितपादन मE उनकS
खपत के िलए।
AAO classes
For example, 1. Current Investments, 2. Inventories, 3. Trade Receivables, 4. Cash RBE
and Cash Equivalents, 5. Short-term Loans and Advances, 6. Other Current Assets
Liquid Assets (or Quick Assets) – Liquid Assets represent the Current Assets other
than
Stock and Prepaid Expenses.
Liquid Assets = Current Assets – Inventories & Prepaid Expenses
AAO classes
Non-Current Assets — Non-Current Assets refer to those assets which are held RBE
for the purposes of producing or providing goods or services and those that are
not held for resale in the normal course of business.
For example,
1. Fixed Assets,
2. Non-Current Investments
AAO classes
Fixed assets may be classified as follows: RBE
(i) Tangible Fixed Assets - Refer to those fixed assets which have physical existence.
For example, Land and Building, Plant and Machinery and Furniture and Fixtures.
(ii) Intangible Fixed Assets - Refer to those fixed assets which do not have physical
existence. For example, Goodwill, Patent, Trademarks, Copyrights and the like.
(iii) Fictitious Assets - Fictitious Assets either represent Accumulated Losses or
Deferred Revenue Expenses not yet written off till the date of Balance Sheet.
AAO classes
RBE
HOW TO DETERMINE WHETHER AN ASSET IS A CURRENT ASSET OR FIXED ASSET?
यह कैसे िनधा(Bरत Xकया जाए Xक कोई संप1^ चालू संप1^ है या अचल संप1^?
AAO classes
6. LIABILITIES-(दे यताएं) RBE
Liabilities refer to the financial obligations of an enterprise other than owner's funds.
Liabilities may be broadly classified as follows:
दे नदाfरयां मािलक के धन के अलावा bकसी उgम के )व*ीय दािय9व, को संदिभ1त करती
हW । दे नदाfरय, को मोटे तौर पर िनhनानुसार वगJकृ त bकया जा सकता है :
LIABILITIES types:
• Non-current liability
• Current Liability
AAO classes
1. Non-Current Liabilities — Non-Current Liabilities refer to those liabilities RBE
which are expected to be settled after 12 months from the date of Balance Sheet
or after Operating Cycle which ever is latter. For example, 1. Long-term
Borrowings, 2. Other Long term Liabilities, 3. Long- term Provisions.
AAO classes
1. 2. Current Liabilities — Current liabilities refer to those liabilities which are expected to
be settled either within the Operating Cycle Period or within the 12 Months Period
from the date of the Balance Sheet.
For example, 1. Short-Term Borrowings, 2. Trade Payables, 3. Other Current
Liabilities, 4. Short-Term Provisions.
AAO classes
ii. LIABILITIES ON THE BASIS OF SOURCE RBE
6ोत के आधार पर दे यताएं
1. Internal Liabilities: Internal Liabilities refers to the financial obligations of an
enterprise towards owners.
2. External Liabilities: External Liabilities refer to the financial obligations of an
enterprise.
AAO classes
RBE
1.
LIABILITIES ON THE BASIS OF PERIOD
AAO classes
Capital = Assets – Liabilities-(पंज
ू ी = संप12 – दे नदा>रयां) RBE
Thus, Capital is the excess of Assets over External Liabilities.
इस ूकार, पूंजी बाहरH दे नदाfरय, पर संप)* क\ अिधकता है ।
8. DRAWINGS
The term ‘Drawings' refer to the total amount of cash or goods or any other asset withdrawn by
the proprietor (in case of a proprietorship enterprise) or partner (in case of a partnership
enterprise) for personal use. For example, If Cash of ` 10,000 and Goods costing ` 5,000 are
withdrawn by a proprietor, ` 15,000 is called as the amount of drawings.
8. आहरण
'आहरण' शkद का अथ1 िनजी उपयोग के िलए ूोपराइटर (एक ूोपराइटरिशप एंटरूाइज़ के मामले
म2) या पाट1 नर (पाट1 नरिशप एंटरूाइज़ के मामले म2) mारा िनकाले गए कैश या सामान या bकसी
अiय संप)* क\ कुल रािश से है । उदाहरण के िलए, यbद एक मािलक mारा ₹ 10,000 नकद और ₹
5,000 क\ लागत का सामान िनकाला जाता है , तो ₹ 15,000 को आहरण क\ रािश कहा जाता है ।
RBE Revolution By Education
AAO classes
9. GOODS-(माल)
RBE
Goods refer to the items in which the enterprise deals in. For example, Cars
purchased by a Car Dealer, Tables & Chairs purchased by a Furniture Dealer.
AAO classes
10. PURCHASES-(खर<द) RBE
The term ‘Purchases' refers to the total amount of goods obtained by an enterprise for
resale or for use in the production of goods or rendering of services in the normal course
of business. The purchases may be for cash or on credit. For example, in case 100 units are
purchased @ ` 2 per unit for cash, ` 200 is called as the amount of cash purchase. In case
200 units are purchased @ ` 3 per unit from Ram on credit, ` 600 is called as the amount of
credit purchase.
'खरHद' शkद का अथ1 bकसी उgम mारा पुन)व1बय या माल के उ9पादन म2 उपयोग या
[यवसाय के सामाiय पाnयबम म2 सेवाओं के ूितपादन के िलए ूाp माल क\ कुल रािश
से है । खरHदारH नकद या बेbडट पर हो सकती है । उदाहरण के िलए, यbद 100 इकाइयाँ ₹ 2
ूित इकाई क\ दर से नकद म2 खरHदH जाती हW , तो ₹ 200 को नकद खरHद क\ रािश कहा
जाता है । यbद 200 इकाइयां राम से बेbडट पर ₹ 3 ूित यूिनट क\ दर से खरHदH जाती हW ,
तो ₹ 600 को बेbडट खरHद क\ रािश कहा जाता है ।
RBE Revolution By Education
AAO classes
11. PURCHASES RETURNS-(खर<द वापस) RBE
The term ‘Purchase Returns' refers to the total amount of goods returned by an enterprise
to the Supplier. For example, in case 50 units (Purchased @ ` 3 per unit) are returned to
Ram, ` 150 is called as the amount of purchase returns.
'खरHद वापस' शkद का ता9पय1 bकसी उgम mारा आपूित1कता1 को लौटाए गए सामान, क\
कुल रािश से है । उदाहरण के िलए, यbद 50 यूिनट (₹ 3 ूित यूिनट क\ दर से खरHदH गई)
राम को लौटाई जाती हW , तो ₹ 150 को खरHद fरटन1 क\ रािश कहा जाता है ।
AAO classes
12. SALES-(>ब@A) RBE
The term ‘Sales' refers to the amount for which the goods are sold or services are
rendered. The sales may be for cash or on credit. For example, in case 60 units are sold
@ ` 5 per unit for cash,` 300 is called as the amount of cash sales in case 120 units are
sold @ ` 6 per unit to Shyam on credit, ` 720 is called as the amount of credit sales.
')बब\' शkद का अथ1 उस रािश से है 3जसके िलए सामान बेचा जाता है या सेवाएं ूदान
क\ जाती हW । )बब\ नकद या बेbडट पर हो सकती है । उदाहरण के िलए, यbद 60
इकाइयाँ ₹ 5 ूित इकाई क\ दर से नकद म2 बेची जाती हW , तो ₹ 300 को नकद )बब\ क\
रािश कहा जाता है , यbद 120 इकाइयाँ ₹ 6 ूित इकाई क\ दर से ँयाम को बेbडट पर
बेची जाती हW , तो ₹ 720 क\ रािश कहलाती है । बेbडट )बब\ क\।
AAO classes
13. SALES RETURNS-(>ब@A वापसी)
RBE
The term ‘Sales Returns' refers to the total amount of goods returned by a customer to the
enterprise. For example, in case 50 units (Sold @ ` 6 per unit) are returned by Shyam
(customer), ` 300 is called as the amount of sales returns.
')बब\ वापसी' शkद का ता9पय1 माहक mारा उgम को लौटाए गए सामान, क\ कुल रािश से
है । उदाहरण के िलए, यbद ँयाम (माहक) mारा 50 यूिनट (₹ 6 ूित यूिनट क\ दर से बेची
गई) वापस क\ जाती हW , तो ₹ 300 को )बब\ fरटन1 क\ रािश कहा जाता है ।
AAO classes
14. STOCK (OR INVENTORY OR MERCHANDISE) !टॉक RBE
The term ‘Stock' refers to tangible property held for sale in the ordinary course of business or for
consumption in the production of goods or services for sale. It includes Stock of Raw Materials,
Semi- Finished goods and Finished Goods. For example, in case 40 units out of 100 units
(purchased @ ` 2 per unit) remained unsold, ` 80 is called as the Cost of Stock. The stock may be
Opening Stock or Closing Stock. Opening Stock means the unsold goods at the beginning of the
Current Accounting Period. Closing Stock means the Unsold Goods at the end of the Current
Accounting Period.
'शेयर' श%द का अथ+ ,यापार के सामा0य पा1यबम म3 4बब6 के िलए या 4बब6 के िलए वःतुओं या
सेवाओं के उAपादन म3 खपत के िलए रखी गई मूत+ संप4H से है । इसम3 कMचे माल, अध+-तैयार
माल और तैयार माल का ःटॉक शािमल है । उदाहरण के िलए, यTद 100 इकाइयU म3 से 40
इकाइयाँ (₹ 2 ूित इकाई क6 दर से खरXदX गई) 4बना 4बके रह जाती हZ , तो ₹ 80 को ःटॉक क6
लागत कहा जाता है । ःटॉक ओपिनंग ःटॉक या \लो]जंग ःटॉक हो सकता है । ओपिनंग ःटॉक का
अथ+ चालू लेखा अविध क6 शु^आत म3 4बना 4बके माल से है । \लो]जंग ःटॉक का अथ+ है चालू
लेखा अविध के अंत म3 4बना 4बका माल।
AAO classes
15. TRADE RECEIVABLES- (Bयापार CाDय) RBE
The term ‘Trade Receivables' include Trade Debtors and Bills Receivables.
'Jयापार ूाoय' शeद मE शे ड डे eटस( और 1बल BरसीवेबQस शािमल हc ।
AAO classes
2. BILLS RECEIVABLES-(CाDय >बल) RBE
A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing given by the creditor to the
debtor to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a certain sum
of money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer. This bill of exchange
is known as Bills Receivable for the creditor.
)विनमय )बल लेनदार mारा लेनदार को bदया गया )बना शत1 िल3खत आदे श है
दे नदार मांग पर या एक िन3cत या िनधा1fरत भ)वंय के समय पर, एक िन3cत रािश का
भुगतान करने के िलए bकसी िनbद1 u [य)v या वाहक को या उसके आदे श के िलए धन का। यह
)विनमय पऽ लेनदार के िलए ूाwय )बल के `प म2 जाना जाता है ।
AAO classes
16. TRADE PAYABLES-(Bयापार दे नदाFरयां) RBE
The term ‘Trade Payables' include Trade Creditors and Bills Payables.
'Jयापार दे नदाBरयां' शeद मE शे ड लेनदार और 1बल दे य शािमल हc ।
AAO classes
2. BILLS PAYABLES-(दे य ?बल) RBE
The Bill of Exchange is known as Bills Payable for the Debtors.
AAO classes
17. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE-(पंज
ू ीगत Bयय)
RBE
AAO classes
RBE
2. Benefits It normally yields benefits beyond current
accounting period.
AAO classes
RBE
AAO classes
18. REVENUE EXPENDITURE-(राजHव Bयय) RBE
AAO classes
1. अथ# यह एक [यय है जो bकया जाता है :
bकसी [यवसाय क\ उ9पादकता या कमाई xमता को
बनाए रखने के िलए।
[यापार के सामाiय पाnयबम म2 पfरचालन गित)विधय,
को पूरा करने के िलए।
यह आम तौर पर वत1मान लेखा अविध से परे लाभ नहHं
2. लाभ
दे ता है ।
AAO classes
RBE
AAO classes
RBE
AAO classes
19. DEFERRED REVENUE EXPENDITURE RBE
आHथ#गत राजHव Bयय
AAO classes
19. DEFERRED REVENUE EXPENDITURE
आHथ#गत राजHव Bयय
1. अथ# आईसीएआई mारा जारH ')व*ीय )ववरण, म2 उपयोग क\ जाने वाली शतz'
पर माग1दश1न नोट के अनुसार, 'आःथिगत राजःव [यय वह [यय है
3जसके िलए भुगतान bकया गया है या कोई दािय9व bकया गया है
लेbकन जो इस अनुमान पर आगे बढ़ाया जाता है bक यह लाभ का होगा
बाद क\ अविध या अविध म2। संxेप म2, यह उस [यय को संदिभ1त
करता है जो bक, bफलहाल, आय म2 ूभाfरत होने से आःथिगत है ।
'चा3ज|ग ऑफ' ऑपरे शन का ऐसा िनलंबन खचz क\ ूकृ ित और उससे
अपे3xत लाभ के कारण हो सकता है
AAO classes
RBE
AAO classes
RBE
AAO classes
20. CAPITAL RECEIPTS-(पंज
ू ीगत CािDतयां)
RBE
AAO classes
RBE
AAO classes
21. REVENUE RECEIPTS-(राजHव CािDतयां) RBE
AAO classes
RBE
AAO classes
31. ACCRUAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING-(लेखांकन का उपाजMन आधार) RBE
1. Accrual Basis of Accounting is a method of recording transactions by which Revenue, Costs,
Assets and Liabilities are recognized during the accounting period in which they accrue.
2. This basis includes consideration relating to deferrals, allocations, depreciation and
amortization.
3. This basis is also known as Mercantile basis of accounting.
4. Under the Companies Act 2013, all companies are required to maintain the books of accounts
according to accrual basis of accounting.
1. लेखांकन का ूो*वन आधार लेन-दे न को 0रकॉड3 करने का एक तर6का है 9जसके <ारा राजःव,
लागत, संप@A और दे नदा0रयD को लेखा अविध के दौरान माIयता द6 जाती है 9जसमK वे अ9ज3त
होते हL ।
2. इस आधार मK Oडफरल, आवंटन, मूSय॑ास और प0रशोधन से संबंिधत @वचार शािमल हL ।
3. इस आधार को लेखांकन का Xयापा0रक आधार भी कहा जाता है ।
4. कंपनी अिधिनयम 2013 के तहत, सभी कंपिनयD को लेखांकन के उपाज3न आधार के अनुसार
खातD क\ पुःतकD को बनाए रखना आवँयक है ।
AAO classes
32. CASH BASIS OF ACCOUNTING-(लेखांकन का नकद आधार) RBE
Cash Basis of Accounting is a method of recording transactions by which Revenues, Costs,
Assets and Liabilities are recognized during the accounting period in which Actual Receipts
and Actual Payments take place.
AAO classes
33. HYBRID BASIS OF ACCOUNTING-(लेखांकन का Nम#Oत आधार) RBE
It is a combination of both Cash Basis of Accounting and Accrual Basis of Accounting.
Under the hybrid basis of accounting, Incomes are recorded on Cash basis (i.e., during
the accounting period in which they are received irrespective of when they accrue)
and Expenses are recorded on Accrual Basis, (i.e., during the accounting period in
which they arise irrespective of when they are paid).
AAO classes
ILLUSTRATION 1-(उदाहरण 1) RBE
PRARTHANA PESTISIDES supplies you the following information about his incomes and
expenses.
For the financial year 2017–2018:
Particulars Particulars
Expenses paid 75,000 Income received 2,03,000
Expenses not yet paid 23,000 Income earned but not received 22,000
Compute the Net Income on: (i) Cash basis, (ii) Accrual basis, (iii) Hybrid basis.
RBE Revolution By Education
AAO classes
SOLUTION COMPUTATION OF INCOME RBE
Particulars On Cash basis ` On Accrual On Hybrid
basis ` basis `
A. Total Revenue:
(a) Income received 2,03,000 2,03,000 2,03,000
(b) Income received in advance --- (25,000) ---
(c) Income not yet received --- 22,000 ---
2,03,000 (2,00,000) 2,03,000
AAO classes
RBE
Particulars On Cash basis ` On Accrual On Hybrid
basis ` basis `
B. Total Expenditure:
(a) Expenses paid 75,000 75,000 75,000
(b) Expenses paid in advance --- (38,000) 38,000
(c) Expenses not yet paid --- 23,000 23,000
75,000 (60,000) 60,000
C. Income for the year 1,28,000 1,40,000 1,43,000
Note: Loans taken and Loan given are not considered while calculating Income
because these represent Capital Receipts and Capital Payments respectively.
AAO classes
Download RBE application for SSC exams complete preparation
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.revolution.education
Download RBE application for SSC exams complete preparation
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.revolution.education