Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
1st Semester, AY 2020 – 2021
MTN 6 – Differential Equations
Elementary Applications

So we have learned how to solve differential equations. Now what? We apply them in real life scenarios! In this module, ipapakita
ko sa inyo how DE is applied in real life.

Para mas madaling maipaliwanag ang topic, let me solve this problem first:

The rate of Namek City is proportional at any time. If the population in 1950 was 30,000 and then become 50,000 in 1965. What
will be the population in 2020?

SOLUTION:

The tricky part sa solution is DETERMINING THE EQUATION. May given ba? Meron! Hindi nga lang directly binigay. The clue
word is “proportional anytime”. Hence, we could use a proportionality equation.

𝑑𝑃
= 𝑘𝑃
𝑑𝑡

Where 𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑡 is the population rate, P is the number of population and k is the proportionality constant. (Nagkakaroon ng
proportionality constant kapag hindi exactly linear yung equation. Naalala niyo yung formula ng Force? F = ma? May proportionality
constant yan! It’s 1 kg/N m/s^2. The more you know)

Anyways, what we have now is a differential equation. To solve it, gagamitin natin yung methods na natutunan natin sa previous
lesson. In this case SEPARABLE EQUATION lang naman. Divide both sides with P then integrate.

𝑑𝑃
∫ = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑃

Nasa labas ang k since constant siya. Don’t forget my golden rule: kapag constant, ilabas na. Panggulo lang yan!

ln 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑡 + ln 𝐶

ln 𝑃 − ln 𝐶 = 𝑘𝑡

𝑃
ln = 𝑘𝑡
𝐶
𝑃
𝑒 𝑘𝑡 =
𝐶

𝐶𝑒 𝑘𝑡 = 𝑃

At dito na natatapos ang DE part ng solution.Naconvert natin ang DE into an algebraic equation. Using this equation allows you to
compute the city’s population at any given time. So, tapos na ba tayo?

Not yet. Ano ba muna ang value ni k? Or ni C?

The next steps will determine that.

Lets start with the easiest, when t=0. Going back to the problem, ang initial population (population when t=0) was 30,000. So, let’s
substitute these values to the equation.

𝐶𝑒 𝑘(0) = 30,000

Simplify
𝐶 = 30,000

My PRMSU, My University
Global education to local communities
 Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

At nakuha na natin ang value ng C. Si k naman.

Another clue given by the problem was at 1965, 50,000 na ang population. If t = 0 @ 1950, then at 1965, t= 15. (1965-1950 or 15
years later). Let’s substitute these values ulit sa equation. Palitan na rin natin yung C.

30,000𝑒 𝑘(15) = 50,000

𝑘 = 0.034

Nakuha na natin ang values ng dalawang constants. Hence the equation for this specific problem becomes

30,000𝑒 0.034𝑡 = 𝑃

Let’s answer the final question: What is the population of the city at 2020?

t @ 2020 = 2020-1950= 70

30,000𝑒 0.034 (70) = 𝑃

324,147.086 = 𝑃

So, the population at Namek City is around 324,147 (round off na sa whole number, baka hindi pa nagagawa yung nasa decimal).

As you can see, the DE part is just the BEGINNING of the solution, yung gumamit tayo ng method for separable equations. Simple
lang ‘di ba? Of course, may mga cases na gagamit tayo ng ibang methods like Homogenouse Equations or Integrating
Factors pero the point is, hanggang doon lang ang DE part.The rest of the solution is simply determing the values of the
constants. Nagkaroon ng constant C kasi indefinite integral ang ginawa natin. The methods used to determine the values
of the constant varies. Pinakita ko lang yung method ko. Baka naman may iba pa kayong method. And that’s how
elementatry application works.

Sir, pwede bang ln 𝑃 + ln 𝐶 = 𝑘𝑡 ang sagot ko?

Pwede naman. Tama pa rin naman yan e. But be sure to determine the values of C and k ok?

KAYO NAMAN

1. A culture initially has Po number of bacterias. At t = 1, the number of bacteria is measured to be 3/2 Po. If the rate of
growth is proportional to the number of bacteria present at that time, determine the time necessary for the number of
bacteria to triple. Halos walang number na given no? Paano yan?

2. The rate of decay of radium is proportional to the amount at any given time. If 60 mg of radium are present now and its
half-life is 1965 years. How much radium would be present 164 years from now? Half – life means at that specific time,
kalahati na lang ng mass ng item ang natitira. Isa rin siyang sikat na laro noon at ang modified version niya ay ang sikat
na laro ngayon na Counter-Strike (the more you know).

My PRMSU, My University
Global education to local communities.
 Republic of the Philippines

President Ramon Magsaysay State University

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales, Philippines
Tel/Fax No.: (047) 811-1683

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

3. The slope of the tangent line at any point (x,y) on the curve is √𝑥. Find the equation of that curve if it passes through
(6,9). Remember, the derivative is the slope itself.

REFERENCES:

Boyce, William E. and Richard C. DiPrima, (2001). Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Morris, Carla C. (2016). Fundamentals of Calculus. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Google. Yung Library ng PRMSU. Youtube *ehem* tropa ko *ehem* HOMEMADE MATH *ehem*

My PRMSU, My University
Global education to local communities.