Hm vnsnöe ak hm `rme Qden Odrrnsde, Srkond Edikh ak Hntkrmturm, sdirk hm vnam

y hm naketnama rmfnmh. ´]uî ks hm rmzm y pdr quî ks nopdrtmetk4 ´]uî odtnvm hm
tkeakefnm guomem m fdestrunr Dtrds4 ´Sdr quî hm prkskefnm ak ksds Dtrds eds
msustm
y dtrmstmetd4 Imsíeadsk
fukstndeks ke sus Edrtde
quk adoneme Hkfturks,
fmam vkz oís hm Qden Odrrnsde
pdhïtnfm midram
oueanmh: kstms
hm rmzm, kh
onkad, hms lrdetkrms, hds odvnonketds ak omsms, kh akskd ak pkrtkekefnm… Ke
su iúsqukam ak rkspukstms, hm edvkhnstm rkvnsm funamadsmoketk sus prdpnds
rkfukrads, msï fdod hm gnstdrnm, hm pdhïtnfm y, kspkfnmhoketk, hm hntkrmturm,
kxmonemead mutdrks fdod Gmrrnkt Ikkfgkr Vtdwk, Krekst Gkone`wmy y
Pnhhnmo Lmuhbekr. M trmvîs ak khhds memhnzm hms edfndeks ak purkzm rmfnmh, kh
drn`ke ak hm rmzm ek`rm fdod uem gkrrmonketm pmrm aklnenr uem sdfnkama
neon`rmetk fde uem `rme vmrnkama ak prdfkakefnms y fdstuoirks, d hms ldroms
ke quk hm hntkrmturm kophkm kh fdhdr ak hm pnkh pmrm aklnenr m hds pkrsdemjks d
fdeaufnr hm emrrmtnvm. Fde ue pröhd`d ak hm `memadrm akh Emtndemh Iddb
Mwmra, Qm-Ekgnsn Fdmtks.

Sí`nem 9
 

Qden Odrrnsde

Kh drn`ke ak hds dtrds

kSui r=.3
Qntnvnhhus 6=.30.939=

Sí`nem 6
 

Qïtuhd drn`nemh: Qgk Drn`ne dl Dtgkrs

Qden Odrrnsde, 93=<
Qrmauffnöe: Fmrhds Omydr Drtk`m
 
Kantdr an`ntmh: Qntnvnhhus
kSui imsk r9.=

Sí`nem 1
 

Sröhd`d ak Qm-Ekgnsn Fdmtks

Ke hm prnomvkrm ak 93=<, Qden Odrrnsde prdeuefnö ue fnfhd ak fdelkrkefnms

ke hm [envkrsnama ak Gmrvmra sdirk «hm hntkrmturm ak hm pkrtkekefnm². Ed ks ak
sdrprkeakr, amam hm emturmhkzm ak su kxtrmdranemrnm prdauffnöe, quk sk
fdefketrmrm ke kh tkom ak hm rmzm. Hms fgmrhms ak Odrrnsde tuvnkrde hu`mr ke
ue odoketd lmvdrmihk. Sdr mqukh ketdefks, Imrmfb Dimom kelnhmim kh úhtnod
mýd ak su sk`uead omeamtd fdod prksnaketk ak Kstmads [enads. Kh
odvnonketd nesur`ketk Ihmfb Hnvks Omttkr (‗Hms vnams ek`rms tnkeke
nopdrtmefnm„) gmiïm hd`rmad hhkvmr hm irutmhnama pdhnfnmh m hm prnokrm hïekm akh
akimtk púihnfd ke Kstmads [enads y, ke fdetrmstk fde hm omydr pmrtk ak hms
«fdevkrsmfndeks sdirk hm rmzm², ke mqukh fmsd sk kstmime ditkenkead
rksuhtmads. Hds ads lnsfmhks `kekrmhks ak Dimom, Krnf Gdhakr y Hdrkttm
Hyefg, moids ek`rds, gmiïme nenfnmad nevkstn`mfndeks ke akpmrtmoketds ak
pdhnfïm ak tdad kh pmïs. Vk gmiïme fdedfnad neldroks sdirk Lkr`usde, Fgnfm`d
y Imhtnodrk quk fdrrdidrmime hm kxnstkefnm ak ue rmfnsod snstîonfd aurmetk
oufgd tnkopd rkhk`mad ke su omydr pmrtk mh tkrrked ak hm meîfadtm. Vk
kspkrmim quk ksm keîr`nfm mftumfnöe prdsn`unkrm fumead pdr prnokrm vkz
hhk`mrm m hm prksnakefnm ak Kstmads [enads uem oujkr, Gnhhmry Fhnetde, qunke,
ke kh odoketd ke quk Odrrnsde nenfnö kh fnfhd ak fdelkrkefnms, kstmim ouy
inke sntumam lrketk m ue gdoirk mh quk kh ouead fdesnakrmim ue mavkrsmrnd
pdhïtnfd ak pdfm odetm. Qdad khhd krm iuke rklhkjd ak ue pmïs quk kstmim
rksukhtd m pdekr ke tkhm ak junfnd hds prkfkptds ak hm gnstdrnm y quk pdr lne sk
mfkrfmim mh kxtrkod akh hmr`d mrfd akh uenvkrsd odrmh ke kh quk sk gmhhmim hm
ustnfnm.
^ ketdefks kh mrfd sk mhmr`ö.
Hm prnokrm rkmffnöe metk hm vnftdrnm ak Ademha Qruop luk rkstmr
trmsfkeakefnm m hd quk ak khhm sk fdhk`ïm sdirk kh rmfnsod ke Kstmads [enads.
[em skrnk ak pkrsdems sk akanfmrde m mlnromr quk hms khkffndeks ak 93=<
gmiïme snad ue hkvmetmonketd pdpuhnstm fdetrm Pmhh Vtrkkt nestn`mad pdr
qunkeks
pkranfnöegmiïme qukamad
ak Fhnetde lukrm
gmiïm snadakfketrmrsk
hm eukvmkekfdedoïm. Vk msk`urmim
uem «pdhïtnfm quk
naketntmrnm². hm
Fde

Sí`nem ;
 

lrkfukefnm, ksds mr`uoketds kefkrrmime ke sï onsods kh `kroke ak su prdpnm

nevmhnamfnöe. Emank kxphnfmim pdr quî justd qunkeks qukamime oís m okeuad
mh omr`ke ak ksm eukvm kfdedoïm (hds trmimjmadrks ak pnkh ek`rm d omrröe)
euefm mfmimime ke hms lnhms ak Qruop. Ks oís, mh`ueds ak hds onsods quk
frntnfmime hm «pdhïtnfm naketntmrnm² ak Fhnetde ed tkeïme kopmfgd ke kophkmr
pkrsdemhoketk ksm onsom pdhïtnfm. Mh skemadr Ikrenk Vmeakrs, fdetrnefmetk ak
Fhnetde ke hms prnomrnms, sk hk dïm kesmhzmr sus rmïfks ak onkoird ak hm fhmsk
trmimjmadrm ihmefm uem skomem y kxgdrtmr mh Smrtnad Akoöfrmtm m «supkrmr² hm
pdhïtnfm naketntmrnm m hm sn`unketk. Mh pmrkfkr, ed tdams hms pdhïtnfms naketntmrnms
emfke fde hds onsods akrkfgds.
 Kh drn`ke ak hds dtrds, kh eukvd hnird ak Odrrnsde sur`nad akh fnfhd ak
fdelkrkefnms prdeuefnmams ke Gmrvmra, ed trmtm anrkftmoketk kh msfkesd ak
Ademha Qruop, pkrd rksuhtm nopdsnihk hkkr sus dpnendeks sdirk hm pkrtkekefnm,
sdirk qunîe fmik imjd kh pmrm`ums ak hm sdfnkama y qunîe ed, sne fdetkophmr kh
odoketd quk vnvnods.  Kh drn`ke ak hds dtrds  neam`m ke kh tkrrked ak hm
gnstdrnm kstmaduenakesk, ak odad quk sk midfm m su kjkophd oís metn`ud y
oís pdtketk ak pdhïtnfm naketntmrnm: hm akh rmfnsod. Kstmods metk uem dirm
sdirk hm frkmfnöe ak ldrmstkrds y kh hkvmetmonketd ak imrrkrms, uem dirm quk
rkfurrk m hm frïtnfm hntkrmrnm, hm gnstdrnm y hm mutdind`rmlïm fde kh prdpösntd ak
fdoprkeakr föod y pdr quî gkods hhk`mad m rkhmfndemr ksms imrrkrms fde hm
pn`oketmfnöe ak hm pnkh.
Kh hnird ak Odrrnsde sk suom m ue fdrpus ak dirms quk gm kvdhufndemad m
hd hmr`d akh úhtnod sn`hd pmrm mr`uoketmr fde aktkronemfnöe hm emturmhkzm
neakhkihk akh rmfnsod ihmefd. Ketrk hds fdelkakrmads ak hm mutdrm kstíe Vvke
Ikfbkrt y Kawmra Imptnst, qunkeks gme akjmad mh aksfuinkrtd hm emturmhkzm
vndhketm ak ksk rmfnsod y hds ikeklnfnds quk `kekrm2 Jmoks OfSgkrsde y Krnf
Ldekr, qunkeks gme rkvkhmad quk ksk rmfnsod ke`kearö hm `ukrrm ak Vkfksnöe
y akspuîs sdfmvö hds kslukrzds akh pmïs pdr rkfdestrunrsk2 Ikryh Vmttkr y Nrm
Bmtzekhsde, qunkeks gme kxphnfmad föod kh rmfnsod pkrvnrtnö kh Ekw Akmh, y
Bmghnh @nirme Ougmooma y Irufk Pkstkre, qunkeks gme akodstrmad quk, ke
eukstrds aïms, ksk rmfnsod gm mhhmemad kh tkrrked pmrm hm îpdfm ak hm
kefmrfkhmfnöe `kekrmhnzmam.
Ed distmetk, kh pmrnketk oís fkrfmed ak hm dirm ak Odrrnsde ks
prdimihkoketk  Ymfkfrmlt , kh hnird ak Imrimrm Lnkhas y Bmrke Lnkhas quk
sdstnkek quk hds kstmaduenakesks gme prktkeanad idrrmr kh akhntd akh rmfnsod,
quk ks mh`d mftnvd, okanmetk kh fdefkptd ak rmzm, quk ed hd ks. Mh gmihmr ak
«rmzm² ke fdetrmpdsnfnöe m «rmfnsod², fdsnlnfmods hm nakm ak quk hm rmzm ks ak
mh`úe odad uem fmrmftkrïstnfm akh ouead emturmh, y kh rmfnsod, su rksuhtmad

Sí`nem <
 

prkvnsnihk. M pksmr ak quk sk gm mfuouhmad ue fdrpus ak kstuands quk

akoukstrm quk ksm ldrouhmfnöe ks metntîtnfm, quk kh rmfnsod metkfkak m hm
rmzm, hds kstmaduenakesks múe ed mfmime ak amrsk pdr ketkrmads. Ke
fdeskfukefnm, mfmimods gmihmead ak «sk`rk`mfnöe rmfnmh², ak «irkfgm
rmfnmh², ak «anvnsnöe rmfnmh², ak «mftumfnöe pdhnfnmh fde sks`d rmfnmh² y ak
«anvkrsnama rmfnmh², fdod sn tdads ksds fdefkptds sk fnoketmrme ke mh`d quk
ksfmpmrm m eukstrm frkmfnöe. Hms rkpkrfusndeks ed sde aksakýmihks. Vn hm
«rmzm² ks dirm ak hds `keks d ak hds andsks, d ak moids, pdakods
pkrademreds pdr ed gmikr keokeamad euefm kh prdihkom.
Kh meíhnsns ak Odrrnsde pmrtk ak uem prkonsm okeds föodam quk sdstnkek
quk hm rmzm sdhd tnkek uem rkhmfnöe tme`kefnmh fde hds `keks. M pmrtnr ak mgï, hm
mutdrm eds myuam m fdoprkeakr föod uem nakm quk pmrkfk tme keakihk gm
pdanad prkeakr fde tmetm lukrzm ke onhhdeks ak pkrsdems. Hm ekfksnama ak
fdelnromr hm prdpnm guomenama mh tnkopd quk sk fdoktke mftds neguomeds ks
aktkronemetk, aklnkeak Odrrnsde, quk kxmonem hd rkhmtmad pdr kh gmfkeamad
Qgdoms Qgnsthkwdda, qunke ke sus anmrnds akjö fdestmefnm ak sus vndhmfndeks
ke skrnk ak oujkrks ksfhmvnzmams fde tdam hm trmequnhnama ak qunke aktmhhm kh
ksqunhkd ak hms dvkjms. «Netkrfmhmams ketrk hms mftnvnamaks skxumhks kstíe sus
edtms sdirk hds fuhtnvds, hms lmkems m`rïfdhms, hms vnsntms, hms kelkrokamaks,
ktfîtkrm², hkkods ke kh rkhmtd ksfmhdlrnmetk ak hm mutdrm. ´]uî fhmsk ak hmidr
psnfdhö`nfm tuvd quk gmfkr Qgnsthkwdda pmrm vdhvkrsk tme neskesnihk metk hms
vndhmfndeks4 [em hmidr psnfdhö`nfm ak mhtkrnzmfnöe quk hd fdevkefnkrm ak hm
kxnstkefnm ak mh`úe tnpd ak hïekm ak skpmrmfnöe emturmh y anvnem ketrk
ksfhmvnzmadr y ksfhmvnzmad. Qrms memhnzmr hms pmhnzms akspnmamams quk rkfnik m
omeds ak su mom uem ksfhmvnzmam Omry Srnefk, Odrrnsde anfk:
Hm ekfksnama ak rkprksketmr m hds ksfhmvds fdod uem kspkfnk kxtrmým sk metdjm ue
netketd akskspkrmad
anstne`unr ak pkrtkekfke
ketrk hds quk fdelnromr mhm hmedromhnama akhy prdpnd
rmzm guomem hds qukyd. Kh mprkond
ed sde pdr
ke misdhutd
guomeds ks tme netkesd quk kh ldfd sk mpmrtm pmrm nhuonemr ed mh dijktd ak hm
ak`rmamfnöe, sned m su frkmadr. Mue supdenkead kxm`krmfnöe pdr pmrtk ak hds
ksfhmvds, hm skesninhnama ak sus prdpnktmrnds rksuhtm iírimrm. Ks fdod sn `rntmrme:
«¡Ed sdy uem ikstnm! ¡Ed sdy uem ikstnm! ¡Qdrturd m hds neaklkesds pmrm akodstrmr
quk ed sdy aîinh!². Kh pkhn`rd ak fdopmakfkr mh ldrmstkrd ks hm pdsninhnama ak
fdevkrtnrsk ke îh. Skrakr kh rme`d rmfnmhnzmad ks pkrakr hm anlkrkefnm quk ued tmetd
vmhdrm y mtksdrm.

Hm mutdrm sk rklnkrk m ksfhmvnzmadrks y ksfhmvnzmads, pkrd hd quk anfk sdirk kh

rme`d sn`uk vn`ketk gdy ke aïm. Ke hds úhtnods mýds gkods snad tkstn`ds ak
uem sufksnöe fdestmetk ak vïakds ke hds quk mpmrkfïme pdhnfïms
kstmaduenakesks mpmhkmead, neodvnhnzmead fde pnstdhms pmrmhnzmetks,
mslnxnmead y anspmrmead m pkrsdems ek`rms pdr nelrmffndeks rkhmtnvmoketk

Sí`nem 0
 

hkvks d nekxnstketks. Hds mlrdmokrnfmeds, msï fdod oufgds dtrds

kstmaduenakesks, sk gme ksfmeamhnzmad. ^ sne koimr`d, kh hke`umjk ak hm
ustnlnfmfnöe gm rksuhtmad lmonhnmr. Fumead kh m`ketk Amrrke Pnhsde omtö m
Onfgmkh Irdwe, akfhmrö quk pmrkfïm quk kh jdvke «sk prkpmrmim pmrm fdrrkr
ketrk hms imhms², ue gkfgd quk hd fdevkrtïm ke mh`d oís quk guomed d, ke
úhtnom nestmefnm, ke mh`d okeds. Kh mspkftd nelrmguomed ak mqukh gdonfnand
sk rkldrzö fde hm akfnsnöe ak akjmr quk kh fmaívkr ak Irdwe sk fdfnkrm ke kh
mslmhtd ke phked vkrmed. Srksketmrhd fdod uem kspkfnk ak odestrud justnlnfm
su msksnemtd y pkrontk quk ue `rupd ak pdhnfïms quk (sk`úe kh neldrok akh
Akpmrtmoketd ak Justnfnm) krme pdfd oís quk `íestkrks sk fdesnakrke
hk`ntnomads, sk fdesnakrke pkrlkftmoketk guomeds.
Hm aksguomenzmfnöe rmfnstm ed ks okrmoketk snoiöhnfm, sned quk trmzm hms
lrdetkrms akh pdakr. «Hm rmzm ‑ksfrnik hm gnstdrnmadrm Ekhh Smnetkr‑ ks uem
nakm, ed ue gkfgd². Ke Kstmads [enads, hm nakm ak hm rmzm sk imsm ke pmrtk ke
quk skr ihmefd rkaufk ak ldrom mutdoítnfm hms pdsninhnamaks ak odrnr fdod
Onfgmkh Irdwe, Pmhtkr Vfdtt d Krnf @mrekr. ^ hm oukrtk ks tme sdhd kh
kjkophd supkrhmtnvd ak hd quk sn`enlnfm vnvnr fdod kh «Dtrd², kxnstnr mh dtrd
hmad ak hm lrdetkrm ak uem `rme «pkrtkekefnm². Hm «me`ustnm kfdeöonfm² quk
ke tkdrïm hmezö m hds vdtmetks m hds irmzds ak Ademha Qruop rkprksketmrïm ue
prd`rksd fdesnakrmihk pmrm hm omydrïm ak hds ek`rds. Ke hms prnomrnms akh
Smrtnad Ykpuihnfmed, hds ne`rksds pdr gd`mr ak hds vdtmetks ak Qruop krme
mprdxnomamoketk kh adihk ak hds ne`rksds ak hm lmonhnm ek`rm okanm
kstmaduenakesk. Hm mftumh dhkmam ak sdhnamrnama lrketk m uem kpnakonm ak
dpndnaks iísnfmoketk (muequk ed akh tdad) ihmefm ed ks ak hm onsom
emturmhkzm quk hm dhkmam ak fdeakem `kekrmhnzmam aurmetk hm frnsns akh frmf
ak hds mýds dfgketm. Hm mftumh dhkmam ak prkdfupmfnöe metk kh muoketd ak hm
odrtmhnama ketrk aktkronemads gdoirks ihmefds ed ks ak hm onsom emturmhkzm
quk hm mpmtïm rksn`emam quk mfdopmým m hms mhtms tmsms ak odrtmhnama quk
snkoprk gme pksmad sdirk hds ek`rds ak kstk pmïs.
Kh rmfnsod tnkek nopdrtmefnm. Vkr kh Dtrd ke kstk pmïs tnkek nopdrtmefnm, y
hd fnkrtd y hd aksmhketmadr ks quk ks prdimihk quk sn`m tkenîeadhm. Hms
fdouenamaks guomems pdfms vkfks fkake prnvnhk`nds pdr purd mhtrunsod, ak
odad quk kh úenfd ouead ke kh quk ued pukak nom`nemrsk quk hds
mimeakrmads ak hm ihmefurm rkeuefnke m ksm rkhn`nöe ks mqukh ke kh quk hds
prnvnhk`nds quk fdopdrtm rksuhtke ue hujd quk anlïfnhoketk pukame pkrontnrsk.
Gkods vnstd odoketds msï ke hm gnstdrnm ak Kstmads [enads. [em `ukrrm fnvnh
prdhde`mam hhkvö m hds ihmefds m fdefhunr quk hds ek`rds kstmime fmpmfntmads
pmrm odrnr ke sus lnhms. [em `ukrrm lrïm fdetrm hm [enöe Vdvnîtnfm fdevnrtnö kh

Sí`nem 7
 

Vur ak hms hkyks ak sk`rk`mfnöe rmfnmh ak Jno Frdw ke odtnvd ak vkr`økezm m

ksfmhm oueanmh y ke kxfkhketk odekam prdpm`meaïstnfm pmrm hds kekon`ds akh
pmïs. ^ kh @dinkred ak @kdr`k P. Iusg, kh mtdhhmakrd ak hm `ukrrm ke ads
lrketks, uem kfdedoïm ke fmïam hnirk y kh lrmfmsd misdhutd ak hm maonenstrmfnöe
lkakrmh trms kh pmsd akh gurmfíe Bmtrnem mhhmemrde kh tkrrked pmrm hm hhk`mam ak
eukstrd prnokr prksnaketk ek`rd. Ke tdads ksds fmsds sur`nö uem dhkmam ak
kspkrmezm, uem skesmfnöe ak quk ak mh`úe odad kh pmïs gmiïm trnuelmad sdirk
hm gnstdrnm. ^ ke tdads ksds fmsds hm kspkrmezm mfmiö lrustríeadsk.
Smrm fdoprkeakr pdr quî vdhvkods m kefdetrmreds ke kstm sntumfnöe
tkekods hm ldrtuem ak fdetmr fde Qden Odrrnsde, quk sk kefuketrm ketrk hds
okjdrks ksfrntdrks y pkesmadrks quk gm amad Kstmads [enads. Vu dirm kstí
mrrmn`mam ke hm gnstdrnm y kxtrmk ikhhkzm ak mh`uems ak sus omenlkstmfndeks
oís mtrdfks. ^ fdod ksm ikhhkzm ed ks lmetmsïm, ed akikrïm sdrprkeakreds quk
hm mutdrm sk sntúk ketrk qunkeks ketnkeake kh adonend kjkrfnad pdr hm gnstdrnm
ke tdads edsdtrds.  Kh drn`ke ak hds dtrds  gmihm hmr`d y tkeanad sdirk ksk
prdfksd ak ketkeanonketd y, sn inke ed dlrkfk uem ksfmpmtdrnm neokanmtm m hm
dprksnöe akh pmsmad, ks ak `rme myuam pmrm fdelrdetmr kh `kroke ak anfgm
dprksnöe.

Sí`nem >
 

=. Nakmhnzmr hm ksfhmvntua

Sí`nem =3
 

On gkromem y yd múe ju`íimods ke kh sukhd, msï quk akinö ak skr ke =>69

d =>66 fumead eds ketkrmods ak quk kstmim m puetd ak hhk`mr. Onhhnfket
OmfQkkr, eukstrm insmiukhm. Qdam uem hkykeam m hm quk sk fntmim fde
lrkfukefnm. Hm nakm krm quk vnsntmrm m tdads hds pmrnketks quk rksnaïme ke kh
imrrnd. \nvïm ke Onfgn`me y tkeïm oufgd prkanfmoketd fdod fdomardem. Vu
vnsntm m Dgnd sk kspkrmim aksak gmfïm oufgd, pdrquk sk hm fdesnakrmim hm
omtrnmrfm sminm, nefukstndemihk y omjkstudsm ak hm lmonhnm. Hm omjkstudsnama
qukaö fhmrm fumead gnzd su ketrmam y sufkanö mh`d quk yd ed gmiïm vnstd ke hm
vnam: sne quk emank hks anjkrm emam, tdads hds gdoirks sk hkvmetmrde.
Sdr lne, akspuîs ak uem rdeam ak vnsntms m dtrds pmrnketks, sk gmiïm
prksketmad ke hm smhm ak kstmr ak fmsm. Mhtm, fde hm kspmham inke rkftm,
mpdyíeadsk ke ue imstöe quk aksak huk`d ed ekfksntmim, smhuaö m on omark.
M fdetneumfnöe, onríeadeds m on gkromem y m oï, quk ju`íimods d
snophkoketk kstíimods sketmams ke kh sukhd, mrru`ö hm lrketk, eds skýmhö fde
kh imstöe y anjd: «Kstms enýms kstíe mauhtkrmams².
On omark prdtkstö (keîr`nfmoketk), pkrd kh amýd ym kstmim gkfgd. Hm
insmiukhm krm ek`rm fdod kh mhquntríe y omoí smiïm ouy inke m quî sk rklkrïm:
sus gnjms, y pdr keak eukstrm lmonhnm oís neokanmtm, kstmime omefnhhmams, krme
nopurms.
Aksfuirnr m tme tkoprmem kama (d quk tk hd keskýke fumead ed smiks emam)
ke quî fdesnstk
supde`d skr nelkrndr
quk pdrquk pdr skr Dtrd ed okmrrd`metk
krm kxtrmdranemrnmoketk noprksndeö ke mqukh odoketd,
y rkidsmim akvdfnöe
pdr oï onsom. Kstmr «mauhtkrmam² ok pmrkfnö kxötnfd ke ue prnokr odoketd,
fdod sn lukrm mh`d akskmihk. Fumead on omark phmetö fmrm m su prdpnm miukhm,
qukaö fhmrd quk kstmr «mauhtkrmam² ke rkmhnama sn`enlnfmim skr nelkrndr, fumead
ed Dtrd pdr fdophktd.
Ed rksuhtm lífnh kefdetrmr aksfrnpfndeks ak anlkrkefnms fuhturmhks, rmfnmhks
y lïsnfms quk tke`me ke fuketm hm dtrkama y mh onsod tnkopd kstîe kxketms ak
fmtk`drïms ak vmhïm d rme`d. Oufgms ak hms aksfrnpfndeks tkxtumhks/hntkrmrnms
ak hm rmzm, pdr ed akfnr hm omydrïm, vme ak hd omhnfndsd, hd omtnzmad, m hd
«akodstrmad² skuadfnketïlnfmoketk. ^ tdams nefhuyke justnlnfmfndeks y
prktkesndeks ak kxmftntua pmrm fdrrdidrmr su prkadonend. Kstmods mh tmetd ak

Sí`nem ==
 

kstrmtk`nms ak supkrvnvkefnm ke kh ouead emturmh: anstrmffnöe/smfrnlnfnd pmrm

prdtk`kr kh enad2 fmzm ke omemam/iúsqukam ak mhnoketd sne phmenlnfmfnöe.
Ed distmetk, hds skrks guomeds, fdod kspkfnk mvmezmam quk ks, tkekods
tkeakefnm m mnshmr m qunkeks ed ldrome pmrtk ak eukstrd fhme y m fdesnakrmrhds
kekon`ds, skrks vuhekrmihks y aklnfnketks quk rkqunkrke fdetrdh, y ksm
tkeakefnm vnkek ak hkjds y ed sk hnontm mh ouead menomh en mh gdoirk
prkgnstörnfd. Hm rmzm gm snad ue frntkrnd fdestmetk ak anlkrkefnmfnöe, hd onsod
quk hm rnqukzm, hm fhmsk y kh skxd, trks fmtk`drïms aktkronemams pdr kh pdakr y
hm ekfksnama ak fdetrdh.
Qme sdhd gmfk lmhtm hkkr kh phmetkmonketd ku`keîsnfd akh oîanfd y
ksfhmvnstm surkýd Vmoukh Fmrtwrn`gt pmrm fdoprkeakr gmstm quî kxtrkods
pukak hhk`mr hm fnkefnm, fumead ed hm pdhïtnfm, pmrm adfuoketmr hm ekfksnama
ak fdetrdhmr mh Dtrd.
«Ak mfukrad fde hkyks lnsndhö`nfms nemhtkrmihks ‑ksfrnik ke su  Neldrok
sdirk hms kelkrokamaks y hms pkfuhnmrnamaks lïsnfms ak hm rmzm ek`rm  (=7;=)
 ‑, hms lmfuhtmaks netkhkftumhks ak hds ek`rds, pdr rk`hm `kekrmh y fde ksfmsms
kxfkpfndeks, sdhd pukake akspkrtmrsk ke ue `rmad sulnfnketk pmrm rkfninr
fuhturm odrmh, y mprdvkfgmr hm nestruffnöe rkhn`ndsm d ak dtrd tnpd, fumead sk
sdoktke m hm mutdrnama ldrzdsm ak ue ihmefd. R…_ Sdr su neadhkefnm emturmh, m
ed skr quk kxnstm kh kstïouhd ak hm fdmffnöe, pmsme hm vnam madronhmads, fde hm
fmpmfnama ak hds puhodeks pmrm rkfninr mnrk mtodslîrnfd mpkems m hm ontma,
akinad m hm lmhtm ak kjkrfnfnd. R…_ Hm sme`rk ek`rm anstrniunam mh fkrkird
kefmakem hm oketk m hm n`edrmefnm, m hm supkrstnfnöe y m hm imrimrnk, y fnkrrm hm
pukrtm m fmh y fmetd m hm fnvnhnzmfnöe, m hm fuhturm odrmh y m hm vkrama
rkhn`ndsm². Kh adftdr Fmrtwrn`gt naketnlnfmim ads kelkrokamaks, uem ak hms
fumhks akedoneö «armpktdomeïm, d kh omh quk kopujm m hds ksfhmvds m
lu`mrsk². Hm dtrm hm anm`edstnfö fde kh edoirk ak «anskstksnm ktnöpnfm², uem
kspkfnk ak hktmr`d oketmh quk prdvdfmim quk kh ek`rd lukrm «fdod uem
pkrsdem okand adronam² (hd quk hds ksfhmvnstms hhmomime oís fdoúeoketk
«irnidekrïm²).. Fmik prk`uetmrsk pdr quî, sn ksds ksfhmvds supdeïme tmh fmr`m y
«irnidekrïm²)
tmh mokemzm, sk fdoprmime y sk vkeaïme fde tmetd mlíe. ^ pdr lne
aksfuirnods hms vketmjms quk dlrkfke: kh «kjkrfnfnd² ldrzdsd, «tme ikeklnfndsd
pmrm kh ek`rd, sk fdesm`rm m fuhtnvmr R…_ mh`daöe, mzúfmr, mrrdz y tmimfd, quk,
ak ed skr pdr su kslukrzd, R…_ qukamrïme sne fuhtnvmr, fde hd quk kh ouead sk
pkrakrïm sus prdauftds. Moims pmrtks smhke `memead, kh ek`rd tmetd fdod su
mod².
Ksms diskrvmfndeks ed krme dpnendeks neldromhks. Vk puihnfmrde ke hm
rkvnstm fnketïlnfm Ekw Drhkmes Okanfmh mea Vur`nfmh
Vur`nfmh Jduremh. Vk aklkeaïm quk

Sí`nem =9
 

hds ek`rds krme útnhks2 ed kxmftmoketk fdod kh `memad, pkrd tmopdfd

fhmrmoketk guomeds.
Fmsn tdads hds `rupds ak hm Qnkrrm (fde d sne pdakr) gme rkfurrnad m
anmtrnims snonhmrks pmrm nopdekr sus frkkefnms okanmetk hm fdestruffnöe akh
Dtrd.
[ed ak hds prdpösntds akh rmfnsod fnketïlnfd ks naketnlnfmr m ue netrusd
pmrm aklnenrsk m ued onsod. Dtrm pdsninhnama ks ometkekr (k nefhusd anslrutmr)
hm prdpnm anlkrkefnm sne aksakýmr hm anlkrkefnm fmtk`drnzmam akh mhtkrnzmad. Hm
hntkrmturm ks kspkfnmh y omenlnkstmoketk rkhkvmadrm mh kxpdekr/fdesnakrmr hm
aklnenfnöe ak ued onsod, ym skm fdeakemead d rkspmhamead hm ldrom ak
mhfmezmrhm.
´Föod sk hhk`m m skr rmfnstm, skxnstm4 Amad quk emank emfk rmfnstm y ed
gmy prkanspdsnfnöe mh`uem lktmh mh skxnsod, sk mprkeak m mhtkrnzmr ed okanmetk
hm prîanfm d hm nestruffnöe, sned okanmetk kh kjkophd.
Ks prdimihk quk, pmrm hds vkeakadrks ke hm onsom okanam quk pmrm hds
vkeanads, kstuvnkrm uenvkrsmhoketk fhmrd quk hm ksfhmvntua krm uem fdeanfnöe
neguomem, sn inke hufrmtnvm. Aksak huk`d, hds vkeakadrks ed qukrïme skr
ksfhmvnzmads2 hds fdoprmads fde lrkfukefnm sk sunfnamime pmrm kvntmrhd.
Ketdefks ´föod luefndemim4 [ed ak hds snstkoms quk tkeïme hds pmïsks pmrm
fdesketnr hm ak`rmamfnöe ak hm ksfhmvntua krm hm lukrzm irutm2 dtrd krm
nakmhnzmrhm.
Ke =0;3, ue jdvke ne`hîs ak fhmsk mhtm, ue sk`uead`îentd quk
prdimihkoketk ed pdaïm gkrkamr sk`úe hms hkyks ak hm prnod`kenturm, pmrtnö ke
iusfm ak ldrtuem, prnokrd fdod fmpmtmz y huk`d fdod prdpnktmrnd ak ksfhmvds
y ak su prdpnm phmetmfnöe ak mzúfmr ke Jmomnfm. Vk hhmomim Qgdoms
Qgnsthkwdda, y Adu`hms Gmhh gm nevkstn`mad y adfuoketmad ak omekrm
oneufndsm su vnam, sus gmzmýms y sus nakms ke ue hnird puihnfmad pdr
Omfonhhme ke hm fdhkffnöe ak tkxtds mfmaîonfds Pmrwnfb [envkrsnty
Fmrniikme Vtuanks y oís tmrak rkkantmad pdr hm [envkrsnty dl tgk Pkst Neanks
Srkss. Kh vdhuoke, quk fdoprkeak kxtrmftds ak hds adfuoketds ak
Qgnsthkwdda juetd fde fdoketmrnds ak Gmhh, mpmrkfnö ke =>70 fde kh tïtuhd ak
 Ne Onskrmihk Vhmvkry. Mh n`umh quk Vmoukh Skpys, Qgnsthkwdda hhkvö ue anmrnd
oktnfuhdsd y aktmhhmad: ue anmrnd sne rklhkxndeks en akomsnmads junfnds, sne
emam oís quk amtds. Vufksds, kefuketrds fde dtrms pkrsdems, kh tnkopd,
ek`dfnmfndeks, prkfnds, pîranams, fdsms quk d inke hk netkrksmime d inke sk
sketïm ke hm ekfksnama ak fdesn`emr. Ed tkeïm netkefnöe ak puihnfmr en odstrmr
hm neldromfnöe quk medtmim. [em hkfturm ak sus anmrnds rkvkhm quk, fdod
sufkaïm m hm omydrïm ak sus fdopmtrndtms, su fdoprdonsd fde kh stmtu qud krm

Sí`nem =6
 

nefdeanfndemh. Ed fukstndemim hm odrmhnama ak hm ksfhmvntua en kh hu`mr quk

dfupmim îh onsod ke kh ketrmomad. Vk hnontmim m kxnstnr ke kh ouead tmh fdod
hd gmiïm kefdetrmad y m akjmr fdestmefnm ak khhd. ^ ks prkfnsmoketk ksd, su
mhkjmonketd ak hds junfnds odrmhks, mh`d ke misdhutd mtïpnfd, hd quk mrrdjm huz
sdirk hm mfkptmfnöe ak hm ksfhmvntua. Ketrk hds pmsmjks ïetnods ak sus
kxgmustnvms medtmfndeks gmy aktmhhks ak su vnam skxumh ke hm phmetmfnöe (quk
ed anlnkrke ak sus prdkzms ak juvketua ke Ne`hmtkrrm, ke su omydr pmrtk
ldrtuntms).
Fdesn`emim hm gdrm akh kefuketrd, su envkh ak smtnslmffnöe, hm lrkfukefnm
akh mftd y, ke kspkfnmh, aöeak tkeïm hu`mr. Mh phmfkr kvnaketk sk suomime hm
pmz y kh inkekstmr akrnvmads akh fdetrdh. Ed gmiïm ene`uem ekfksnama ak
skauffnöe, en snqunkrm ak fdevkrsmfnöe2 sk trmtmim ak snophks medtmfndeks
ketrk dtrms rkhmtnvms mh prkfnd ak hm fmým ak mzúfmr d m uem ek`dfnmfnöe sdirk
hm gmrnem hhkvmam m iuke pukrtd. Ke fdetrmstk fde sus rk`nstrds fdokrfnmhks,
Qgnsthkwdda ksfrniïm sus mftnvnamaks fmremhks ke hmtïe: Vup. Hkft. ke hu`mr ak
«ke hm fmom²2 Vup. Qkrr. ke hu`mr ak «ke kh sukhd²2 Ne Vnhvm ke hu`mr ak «ke kh
idsquk²2  Ne Om`.  d  Smrv. Ado.  ke hu`mr ak «ke hm gmintmfnöe `rmeak² d
«pkqukým², y fumead ed qukamim smtnslkfgd, Vka ede ikek. Gdy ke aïm
supde`d quk gmihmrïmods ak vndhmfndeks2 ke mqukhhm îpdfm sk hhmomim akrkfgd
ak pkremam. Netkrfmhmams ketrk hms mftnvnamaks skxumhks kstíe sus edtms sdirk
hds fuhtnvds, hms lmkems m`rïfdhms, hms vnsntms, hms kelkrokamaks,
kelkrokamaks, ktfîtkrm.
Ke ue odoketd amad ak uem medtmfnöe akh =3 ak skptnkoirk ak =0;= anfk:
«Gmfnm =3 =/9 ak hm omýmem. Fuo Lhdrm, uem fde`d, Vupkr Qkrrmo ketrk hms
fmýms, pdr kefnom akh nenfnd akh ourd, m omed akrkfgm akh rïd, gmfnm kh
tkrrntdrnd ak hds ek`rds. Khhm gmiïm nad m iusfmr ikrrds. Hk gk amad 1 intts². Mh
aïm sn`unketk, m prnokrm gdrm ak hm omýmem, ksfrnik: «Gmfnm hms 9 ak hm

omaru`mam. Fuo  oufgmfgm

fmom, ke kh smhöe ek`rm, supkr
kstk, ‘aksfdedfnam‟².   sukhd,
Ke mh pnk skptketrndemh
uem medtmfnöe ak ak
akh 9 ak juend hm
=0<3 skýmhm: «Hnopnmad kh tkrrked, tnrmads hds mrds ak omakrm, kxtrmïam tnkrrm
akh kstmequk, ktf. Sdr hm tmrak, Fuo H. Onoikr, Vup. Ok Hkft .².
.².
Anstnetds, pkrd ed okeds rkvkhmadrks, sde hds netketds hntkrmrnds ak
«nakmhnzmr² hm ksfhmvntua, ak gmfkrhm mfkptmihk k nefhusd prklkrnihk,
guomenzíeadhm y gmstm vkekríeadhm. Ke úhtnom nestmefnm, kh fdetrdh, iken`ed d
fdanfndsd, pdarïm ed skr ekfksmrnd. ´Hd vke4, hks anfk Gmrrnkt Ikkfgkr Vtdwk m
sus (ihmefds) hkftdrks. Qrmequnhïfkesk, hks rkfdonkeam. Hds ksfhmvds sk
fdetrdhme sdhds. Ed tke`me onkad. Hd úenfd quk qunkrke hds ek`rds ks skrvnr.
Kh nestnetd emturmh akh ksfhmvd, am m ketkeakr, tnkeak m hm mominhnama2 y ksk
nestnetd sdhd hd trmstdfme hds ihmefds akspnmamads quk, fdod kh ksfhmvnstm ak

Sí`nem =1
 

 Hm fmimým akh tïd Qdo, Vnode Hk`rkk (emfnad ke kh Edrtk, hd fumh ks
sn`enlnfmtnvd), hds mokemzme y hds omhtrmtme. Kh onkad y kh aksaîe quk pukake
sketnr hds ihmefds, `kroke ak hm irutmhnama, sde, nesneúm hm mutdrm,
nejustnlnfmads. Fmsn. Fmsn. Vne koimr`d, ke hm edvkhm tkekods neanfnds akh
onkad ak hm prdpnm Vtdwk2 uem kspkfnk ak prdtkffnöe hntkrmrnm, pdr msï akfnrhd.
D tmh vkz skefnhhmoketk sk oukstrm skesnihk m hm mprkesnöe akh hkftdr. Sdr
kjkophd, ´föod sk pkektrm sne pkhn`rd ke kh Kspmfnd Ek`rd ke kh sn`hd WNW4
´Vk hhmom m hm pukrtm y sk ketrm, sne oís4 Vn ed sk vm mromad, ´ak vkrama sk
pukak ketrmr4 Iuked, nefhusd ue jdvkefntd nedfketk fdod kh skýdrntd @kdr`k,
quk vm m vnsntmr mh tïd Qdo y m hm tïm Fghdk, rkqunkrk skýmhks lmvdrmihks y
kxm`krmams ak inkevkenam, ak sk`urnama. Hm vnvnkeam ak Qdo ks uem guonhak
fgdzm, pkqukým y pk`mam m hm fmsm akh mod. Ed distmetk, pmrm Vtdwk hm
ketrmam akh jdvke ihmefd kxn`k skýmhks kvnaketks ak lmhtm ak pkhn`rd. Ke
fdeskfukefnm,, hm mutdrm hm aksfrnik fdod mh`d kxm`krmamoketk
fdeskfukefnm kxm`krmamoketk mtrmftnvd:
Hm fmimým akh tïd Qdo R…_ tkeïm uem gukrtm puhfrm akhmetk adeak ke vkrmed
okarmime, fde ksokrmads funamads, lrksms, lrmoiuksms y miueametks lrutms y
vkraurms. Qdam hm pmrtk akhmetkrm kstmim fuinkrtm pdr uem `rme in`edenm ksfmrhmtm y
uem rdsm ak pntnoneï quk, kerdsfíeadsk y ketrkhmzíeadsk, mpkems akjmime vnshuoirmr
hds íspkrds trdefds ak hm lmfgmam. Qmoinîe ke vkrmed ouhtntua ak vnstdsms phmetms
meumhks, fdod fmhîeauhms, pktuenms y adeank`ds ak edfgk, kefdetrmime ue rneföe
adeak aksphk`mr su ksphkeadrR=_.

Hm ikhhkzm emturmh quk tmetd sk kslukrzm pdr aksfrninr Vtdwk ks khmidrmam,

mfd`kadrm, skauftdrm y kxfksnvm.
[em vkz ke kh netkrndr ak hm anoneutm fmimým ak trdefds, adeak hm tïm Fghdk
fdfnem y dr`menzm m tdad kh ouead, y akspuîs ak hds fgnsoks y hds fuophnads
ak rn`dr, sk snketme tdads m fdokr. Hm kxfkpfnöe sde hds enýds, Odsk y Sktk, m
hds quk hm tïm Fghdk am ak fdokr akimjd ak hm oksm, ke kh sukhd. Hks tnrm
idfmads pdr hds quk akike pkhkmrsk.
Vk rktnrmrde @kdr`k y Qdo m ue imefd föodad juetd m hm fgnokekm onketrms hm tïm
Fghdk, akspuîs ak gmfkr uem iukem fmetnama ak idhhds, fdhdfö m hm ekem ke su rk`mzd
y fdokezö m hhkemr ak idhhds hm idfm ak kstm y hm suym prdpnm y m anstrniunr dtrds m
Odsk y m Sktk, quk pmrkfïme prklkrnr tdoírskhds onketrms rdamime pdr kh sukhd akimjd
ak hm oksm, gmfnîeadsk fdsqunhhms y tnríeadhk ak hds pnks mh ikiî ak vkz ke fumead.
 ‑Akjmahd ym, ´qukrîns4 ‑anjd hm omark, amead pmtmams imjd hm oksm ak fumead
ke fumead, fmam vkz quk kh rkvukhd sk gmfïm kxfksnvd‑. ´Ed smiîns fdopdrtmrds
fumead vnkeke hds ihmefds m vkrds4 Fmhhma ym, ´qukrîns4 ¡Oís vmhk quk meaîns fde
funamad u ds ketkrmrîns ak qunîe sdy yd fumead sk omrfgk kh skýdrntd @kdr`k R9_!

Ke on dpnenöe, sk trmtm ak uem ksfkem kxtrmdranemrnm: ´kh jdvke mod sk gm

akfhmrmad mgïtd y hm oujkr, uem omark ksfhmvm, sdstnkek ke irmzds m su gnjm

Sí`nem =;
 

pkqukým y vm aíeadhk ak fdokr onketrms fdok khhm onsom, mh n`umh quk su

«omrnad², pkrd tmoinîe tnrm fdonam mh sukhd ak tnkrrm pmrm quk sus dtrds ads
gnjds sk pkhkke pdr khhm4 [em ksfkem furndsm fdefkinam pmrm ketrktkekr
ketrktkekr,, frkd, y
`mrmetnzmr mh hkftdr quk ed gmy emam pkhn`rdsd ke ksm mtoöslkrm, pmrm akfnrhk
quk ks nefhusd anvkrtnam y, sdirk tdad, momihk, `kekrdsm y suonsm. Kstmods
metk pmsmjks akhnontmads fde funamad, fdefkinads pmrm trmequnhnzmr mh hkftdr
ihmefd tkokrdsd.
Gmrrnkt Ikkfgkr Vtdwk ed ksfrninö  Hm fmimým akh tïd Qdo  pmrm quk hd
hkykrme Qdo, hm tïm Fghdk en ene`úe dtrd ek`rd.

Vus hkftdrks fdetkopdríekds krme hds ihmefds, hds quk ekfksntmime,

qukrïme d pdaïme anslrutmr ak ksm nakmhnzmfnöe.
Smrm Qgnsthkwdda, hm vndhmfnöe ks hm nakmhnzmfnöe akh akrkfgd ak pkremam
quk kjkrfk fdod prdpnktmrnd. Smrm Vtdwk, hm ksfhmvntua sk smekm y sk pkrluom
aksak kh puetd ak vnstm skxumh y rdoíetnfd. Hm rkhmfnöe ak hm pkqukým Kvm y
Qdpsy (ke hm quk kstk, ue enýd ek`rd snophk y rkvdhtdsd, sk vk rkanonad,
fnvnhnzmad,
supdek dtrdpdr uem fmrnýdsm
kxfkhketk eným
kjkophd akihmefm) sk sketnoketmhnzm
hm nakmhnzmfnöe gmstm tmh puetd quk
ak hm ksfhmvntua.
Qke`d uem prdlueam akuam fde on insmiukhm. Vn inke su netkefnöe ed krm
ke misdhutd ak myuamr (ed anspdeïm ak ene`úe rkokand pmrm eukstrm
aklnfnkefnm), akspkrtö ke oï uem nequnktua quk gm nelhunad ke `rme pmrtk ak on
dirm. Djds mzuhks luk on prnokrm kxphdrmfnöe akh amýd prdvdfmad pdr kh dand
rmfnmh m ued onsod. Oís tmrak memhnfî kh fdefkptd fdetrmrnd, hm supkrndrnama
rmfnmh, ke Smrmïsd. ^ akspuîs, ke Hm edfgk ak hds enýds, trmtî kh trnuelmhnsod y
kh ke`mýd ldoketmads pdr kh fdhdrnsod, kstd ks, hm ansfrnonemfnöe imsmam ke kh
tded ak hm pnkh. Gmihî ak sus aklkftds, su mrrd`mefnm y, ke úhtnom nestmefnm, su
mutdakstruffnöe. Mgdrm (ke hm edvkhm quk kstdy ksfrninkead ke kstds
odoketds) memhnzd fde ketusnmsod hm kaufmfnöe ak ue rmfnstm: ´föod sk pmsm
ak ue sked omtkred ed rmfnmh mh sked akh rmfnsod, m pkrtkekfkr m uem
kxnstkefnm fdefrktm momam d aksprkfnmam, pkrd aktkronemam pdr hm rmzm4, ´quî
ks hm rmzm (mpmrtk ak nom`nemfnöe `keîtnfm) y pdr quî tnkek nopdrtmefnm4 [em
vkz quk sk fdedfke y sk aklneke (ke hm okanam ak hd pdsnihk) sus pmríoktrds,
´quî fdeauftm kxn`k/ldoketm4 Hm rmzm ks hm fhmsnlnfmfnöe ak uem kspkfnk y
edsdtrds sdods hm rmzm guomem, sne oís. Ketdefks ´quî ks ksm dtrm fdsm, hm
gdstnhnama, kh rmfnsod sdfnmh, hm frkmfnöe akh Dtrd4
´Fuíh ks hm emturmhkzm akh fdesukhd quk prdpdrfndem hm mhtkrnzmfnöe, su
mtrmftnvd, su pdakr (sdfnmh, psnfdhö`nfd d kfdeöonfd)4 ´Ks hm kodfnöe ak hm
pkrtkekefnm, quk nophnfm ldromr pmrtk ak mh`d oís nopdrtmetk quk kh yd
mnshmad y, pdr hd tmetd, oís lukrtk4 On phmetkmonketd nenfnmh sk nefhnem pdr hm

Sí`nem =<
 

ekfksnama sdfnmh/psnfdhö`nfm ak fdetmr fde kh «ldrmstkrd², kh Dtrd, pmrm pdakr

aklnenr kh yd anstmefnmad (qunke iusfm hms ouhtntuaks ks snkoprk qunke kstí
sdhd).
Smrm mfmimr, pkroïtmeok fntmr ue pmsmjk ak Qgk Ydomefk dl Ymfk, ak Jdhnk
M. Vgkllkr, uem kstupkeam kxpdsnfnöe ak föod sk fdestruyö hm «pkrtkekefnm²,
ks akfnr, föod sk frkö uem emfnöe fdgkrketk m pmrtnr ak `ketk prdfkaketk ak
dtrds pmïsks, aurmetk hm `rme neon`rmfnöe akh sur y kh kstk ak Kurdpm:
[eds vknetntrîs onhhdeks ak neon`rmetks, ke su omydr pmrtk akh kstk y kh sur ak
Kurdpm, y ke su neokesm omydrïm juaïds, fmtöhnfds y drtdadxds, hhk`mrde m Kstmads
[enads ke kh pkrïdad quk vm ak =7>3 m =>93 y fukstndemrde hm omydrïm PMVS
(ihmefm, me`hdsmjdem y prdtkstmetk). Qmhks «neykffndeks ak sme`rk ldríekm², pdr
utnhnzmr uem tkronedhd`ïm ak prnefnpnds akh sn`hd WW, trmesldromrde hm naketnama
emfndemh kstmaduenakesk, pkrd R…_ ke hd lueamoketmh ed fukstndemrde hm gk`kodeïm
ihmefm2 pdr kh fdetrmrnd, hds onkoirds ak ktenms kurdpkms prdetd pmsmrde m ldromr
pmrtk, mh okeds sdirk kh pmpkh, ak hm omydrïm «ihmefm².

Hds kstuands sdirk kstk msuetd sde mophnds y prdlueads. Ksds neon`rmetks
fdoprkeankrde quk, sn qukrïme hhk`mr m skr kstmaduenakesks «ak vkrama²,
akiïme fdrtmr d mh okeds onenonzmr ke `rme okanam hds hmzds fde sus pmïsks
ak drn`ke y mprdpnmrsk ak su fdeanfnöe ak ihmefds. Smrm oufgm `ketk, hm
aklnenfnöe ak hm «mokrnfmenama² sn`uk akpkeankead (pdr aks`rmfnm) akh fdhdr.

Sí`nem =0
 

9. Vkr kh ldrmstkrd d fdevkrtnrsk ke kh ldrmstkrd

Sí`nem =7
 

Amad quk frkmr y ometkekr mh Dtrd rkpdrtm ikeklnfnds ouy sn`enlnfmtnvds,

ks nopdrtmetk m) naketnlnfmr anfgds ikeklnfnds, y i) aksfuirnr hms pdsnihks
fdeskfukefnmss sdfnmhks/pdhïtnfms ak rkfgmzmrhds.
fdeskfukefnm rkfgmzmrhds.
Lhmeekry D„Fdeedr prksketm fde snefkrnama y kedrok m`uakzm su
fdefkpfnöe akh ldrmstkrd, kh pmrnm, kh Dtrd. Aktrís ak hm fdokanm, akstmfmam
fde lrkfukefnm pdr hds frïtnfds, dlrkfk uem hkfturm í`nh y prkfnsm ak hm
fdestruffnöe akh ldrmstkrd y sus vketmjms. Ak ksm kaufmfnöe akhnikrmam pmrm
gunr akh ldrmstkrd, kh Dtrd ktkred, ke hu`mr ak fdevkrtnrsk ke îh, ks
rkprksketmtnvd su rkhmtd «Kh ek`rd Rodrked_ mrtnlnfnmh². Vk trmtm ak uem
aksfrnpfnöe ak lmfturm oneufndsm ak föod y pdr quî hds ek`rds sde tme
lueamoketmhks pmrm uem aklnenfnöe ihmefm ak hm guomenama. Ke ksk prdfksd,
fdod vkrkods, hm pmhmirm «odrked² sk utnhnzm ak ldrom fdestmetk, nefhusd
fumead ed ks ekfksmrnm d prkfnsmoketk fumead ed hd ks. Vu kophkd fdeldrom
uem `rme pmrtk ak hm kaufmfnöe akh jdvkefntd ihmefd akh fuketd. Ksm rkpktnfnöe
nesnstketk y kxfksnvm ks neanfmtnvm ak hd nopdrtmetks quk sde hds ek`rds pmrm kh
modr prdpnd ak su tïd, kh skýdr Gkma.
D„Fdeedr kopnkzm kh rkhmtd fde uem lnetm, uem aksfrnpfnöe
akhnikrmamoketk ke`mýdsm:
ke`mýdsm: kh skýdr Gkma sk prksketm mh hkftdr fde ue hke`umjk
quk sk mfd`k m sïoidhds mrnstdfrítnfds ak hm rkmhkzm:
Mh akspkrtmr, kh skýdr Gkma aksfuirnö quk hm gmintmfnöe kstmim neueamam ak hm huz
ak hm huem. Vk sketö y onrö hm omakrm akh sukhd ‑akh fdhdr ak hm phmtm‑ y huk`d kh
futï ak su mhodgmam, quk pmrkfïm irdfmad, y mh fmid ak ue nestmetk vnd hm ontma ak hm
huem m ads oktrds, ke kh kspkjd ak mlkntmrsk, pmrmam fdod sn kstuvnkrm kspkrmead
pkronsd pmrm ketrmr. Ydaö gmfnm akhmetk y prdykftö uem huz quk an`enlnfmim fumetd
tdfmim. Hm snhhm pk`mam m hm pmrka pmrkfïm kr`unam y sdhïfntm, fdod sn kspkrmrm uem
drake, y hds pmetmhdeks akh skýdr Gkma, fdh`mads akh rkspmhad, tkeïme ue mnrk fmsn
edihk, fdod uem prkeam quk ue `rme gdoirk guinksk tnrmad m su snrvnketk R6_.

Kh hkftdr hkk uems fnketd fnefuketm pmhmirms metks ak aksfuirnr, ke fdetrmstk

fde hds sukýds akh skýdr Gkma, su pdirkzm rurmh, su kama y su trnstkzm. ^
aksfuirk tmoinîe kh prdpösntd ak su vnam ke ksk odoketd: kaufmr m su
sdirned, Ekhsde, ke kh prdfksd ak mhtkrnzmfnöe, ak naketnlnfmfnöe akh ldrmstkrd.
Fumead, ke ue trke ak fmoned m Mthmetm, vke pmsmr m ue ek`rd m tdams hufks
pröspkrd, hm nestruffnöe rmfnstm sk m`uanzm:

Sí`nem =>
 

 ‑´]uî gm snad ksd4 ‑prk`uetö Rkh skýdr Gkma_.

 ‑[e gdoirk ‑rkspdeanö kh oufgmfgd, y hd onrö nean`emad,
fdod sn kstuvnkrm gmrtd ak quk okedsprkfnmrme su netkhn`kefnm.
 ‑´]uî fhmsk ak gdoirk4 ‑nesnstnö kh skýdr Gkma fde vdz
nekxprksnvm.
 ‑[e gdoirk `drad ‑fdetkstö Ekhsde. R…_
 ‑´Ed smiks quî fhmsk ak gdoirk4 ‑nequnrnö kh skýdr Gkma fde
ue tded tkronemetk.
 ‑[e gdoirk vnkjd ‑anjd kh oufgmfgd R…_.
 ‑Ksd krm ue odrked ‑anjd kh skýdr Gkma, y sk rkfdstö ke kh
rkspmhad.
R…_
 ‑Ok anjd quk krme ek`rds. R…_ Ke ene`úe odoketd ok anjd quk
lukrme tdstmadsR1_.

Ksk prdfksd ak naketnlnfmfnöe akh ldrmstkrd tnkek uem rkspukstm prkvnsnihk:

prdvdfm ue onkad kxm`krmad.
Oís tmrak, fumead sk pnkrake pdr hms fmhhks ak hm fnuama y sk kefuketrme
ke ue imrrnd ek`rd, sk msustme, pdr aksfdetmad: «Djds ek`rds ke rdstrds
ek`rds hds diskrvmime aksak tdams anrkffndeksR;_². Huk`d, akskspkrmads, sk
aktnkeke akhmetk ak uem ek`rm quk kstí aksfmhzm ke kh pdrfgk ak su fmsm y
Ekhsde kxpkrnoketm uem kxtrmým skesmfnöe: «Ak prdetd akskö quk sk nefhnemsk
gmfnm îh, hd fd`nkrm ke irmzds y hd mprktujmrm fdetrm sï. Huk`d qunsd sketnr su
mhnketd ke hm fmrm R…_ onketrms khhm hd mprktmim fmam vkz oís. Euefm gmiïm
kxpkrnoketmad ue sketnonketd skokjmetkR<_². Hm oujkr hks am skýms fde
mominhnama y mnrk aksprkdfupmad. Srdetd hhk`me hms fdeskfukefnms ak ksk
kefuketrd ed mokemzmadr: aksmfukrad, mimeaded y trmnfnöe ketrk kh skýdr
Gkma y Ekhsde. Vne kh ke`ruad ak hm supkrndrnama rmfnmh, ed pmrkfk gmikr
pdsninhnama ak pkraöe en ak rkfdefnhnmfnöe. Fumead mh lne hhk`me m ue imrrnd
fdophktmoketk ihmefd, kh onkad m hm ed pkrtkekefnm, m fdevkrtnrsk tmoinîe

khhds
ak ksmkemokemzm
ldrmstkrds,
ks hds akskstminhnzm.
kefdetrmr Hd úenfd
uem fdekxnöe quk fde
vnsumh hds trmequnhnzm y hds smhvm
hd quk fdesnakrme ue
rmfnsod fdopmrtnad pdr hds ihmefds ak tdams hms fhmsks sdfnmhks: kh rkfgmzd mh
odrked mrtnlnfnmh. ^ fdetkophme ksm ln`urm, hm kstmtum ak yksd ak ue jdvkefntd
ek`rd, «fdod sn sk gmhhmrme lrketk m ue `rme onstkrnd, m mh`úe odeuoketd m hm
vnftdrnm ak ue tkrfkrd quk krm qunke hds gmiïm uenad ke su akrrdtm fdoúe.
Moids snetnkrde quk ansdhvïm sus anlkrkefnms fdod ue mftd ak
onskrnfdranmR0_².
Hm kaufmfnöe akh oufgmfgd gm tkronemad: hk gme keskýmad kh rmfnsod fde
ne`kend y fde îxntd, y frkk gmikr hd`rmad rkspktminhnama, fmtk`drïm, msï fdod
uem nhusnöe ak pdakr, okanmetk kh prdfksd ak nevkefnöe akh Dtrd.

Sí`nem 93
 

Ksm pkrfkpfnöe akh ldrmstkrd prdpnm akh sn`hd WW  akik sntumrsk juetd m
rkhmtds metkrndrks ksfrntds d fdesn`emads pdr îh ke hds quk aktmhhm su
pkrfkpfnöe ak sï onsod. Smrm kopkzmr, pdarïm skr útnh kstuanmr hm «rmzm² ke sï.
Hm naketnlnfmfnöe y hm kxfhusnöe rmfnmhks en kopkzmrde en tkroneme fde hds
ek`rds. Hm fuhturm, hds rms`ds lïsnfds y hm rkhn`nöe gme kstmad y kstíe ketrk hds
prkfursdrks ak kstrmtk`nms ak prkadonend y pdakr. Imstm fde rkfdramr hm
gnstdrnm akh tîroned «fmufísnfd², tme kophkmad ke ne`hîs, ak sus usds y su
akfhnvk.
Ke kh hnird ak Irufk Imuo Qgk Ynsk mea Lmhh dl tgk Fmufmsnme Ymfk
mpmrkfk uem kxphnfmfnöe kxgmustnvm. «Aksak =>;9 ‑ksfrnik kh mutdr‑, hm
fmtk`drïm ‘rmzm fmufísnfm‟ gm dfupmad ue hu`mr akstmfmad ke kh ansfursd
fdtnanmed sdirk hm rmzm, ke pmrtnfuhmr ke Kstmads [enads, pkrd hds
metrdpöhd`ds y hds inöhd`ds gme nad pdenîeadhm ke tkhm ak junfnd
prd`rksnvmoketk, juetd fde kh fdefkptd ak ‘rmzm‟ ke sï. R…_ Akjmead m ue
hmad hms dpnendeks ak aktkronemads suprkomfnstms ihmefds, ke hm mftumhnama
sukhk amrsk pdr sketmad quk hm rmzm mrnm ed kxnstk. Kh ontd ak hm ‘rmzm mrnm‟ sk
noprdvnsö m pmrtnr ak vmrnms luketks m okanmads akh sn`hd WNW, R…_ pmrm huk`d
fdevkrtnrsk ke kjk odtdr akh emznsod. R…_ Sdr fdetrm, kh fdefkptd ak hm rmzm
fmufísnfm sk gm pukstd ak odam ketrk hds rmfndhd`nstms y pdpuhmroketk, huk`d
gm akjmad ak kstmrhd y huk`d gm vukhtd m kstmrhd². Imuo fdefhuyk, ketrk dtrms
fdsms: «Hm rmzm ks, ke rksuoke, ue klkftd akh pdakr².
Msï puks, fumead gmihmods d ksfrninods sdirk kh ldrmstkrd, kh netrusd, kh
Dtrd, akikrïmods tkekr prksketk quî sn`enlnfm ksm rkhmfnöe.
Hds rkhmtds ak hds ksfhmvds, tmetd ksfrntds fdod drmhks, sde lueamoketmhks
pmrm fdoprkeakr kh prdfksd ak mhtkrnzmfnöe. \mrnds ak khhds kopnkzme ke hm
nelmefnm fde aksfrnpfndeks akh modr y hm akvdfnöe pdr sus prdpnktmrnds
drn`nemhks
akh enýd (amy n`umh
kh prdluead
quk skmpksmr kxpkrnoketmad
prdpnkama mh vkrsk
d prdpnktmrnd) vkeanads.
ks ue Hm nedfkefnm
ne`rkanketk iísnfd ak
hds rkhmtds ak hm ksfhmvntua quk sk gm nakmhnzmad ke kh tkmtrd, ke hnirds
fdokrfnmhks y mrtïstnfds, ke fmrtkhks y ke pkrnöanfds. Oís tmrak, mh mfkrfmrsk hm
puikrtma, ks fumead sk rkvkhm ue uenvkrsd anstnetd. Skrd ks ue uenvkrsd ke kh
quk hm ksfhmvnzmfnöe prdpnmoketk anfgm, kh aksprkfnd y kh omhtrmtd akh Dtrd,
mrrdjm uem huz ak hd oís rkvkhmadrm sdirk hds ksfhmvnzmadrks, sdirk qunkeks
anslrutme, ometnkeke y kxphdtme hm hhmomam «pkfuhnmr nestntufnöe².
Ok `ustmrïm skýmhmrhks kjkophds akh fdstk guomed akh trmimjd `rmtuntd ak
hds ksfhmvds, quk akvke`mim pne`øks ikeklnfnds m sus prdpnktmrnds. Hds gk
kxtrmïad ak hms okodrnms ak Omry Srnefk, Qgk Gnstdry dl Omry Srnefk, m Pkst 
 Neanme Vhmvk (=76=).

Sí`nem 9=
 

Srkstke mtkefnöe m kstk pmsmjk, quk rkfd`k hds rkfukrads ak Srnefk sdirk kh
trmimjd ke hms onems ak smh: «Ok ankrde okand tdekh pmrm hhkemrhd ak smh y uem
pmhm, y tkeïm quk kstmr fde kh m`um gmstm hms rdanhhms aksak hms fumtrd gmstm hms
eukvk ak hm omýmem, fumead eds amime omïz frnstmhned gkrvnad ke m`um. R…_
Qrmimjíimods aurmetk hms gdrms ak oís fmhdr akh aïm, R…_ kh sdh R…_ gmfïm
quk eds smhnkrme mopdhhms. R…_ Mh pmsmr tmetms gdrms ak pnk ke kh m`um,
kesk`unam sk eds hhkemime hds pnks y hms pnkrems ak ueds ldrúefuhds kspmetdsds
quk, ke mh`ueds fmsds, sk fdoïme hm fmrek gmstm kh onsod guksd. R…_
Adroïmods ke ue fdikrtnzd mhmr`mad, anvnanad ke fdopmrtnoketds kstrkfgds,
fdod hds kstmihds akh `memad². Aksfrnik kh pmsd ak ue mod m dtrd fdod «nr ak
ue fmrenfkrd m dtrd. R…_ Kh prnokrd ok lustn`mim lurndsd y kfgmead kspuom
pdr hm idfm akh mrrkimtd2 R…_ Rkh sn`unketk_ pdr hd `kekrmh krm imstmetk
trmequnhd. Vk gmfïm m ue hmad y amim hm drake ak quk mzdtmrme fde frukhama m
ue ksfhmvd, R…_ meamim ak ue hmad m dtrd y tdomim rmpî fde uem fmhom
misdhutm².
Vn ksms aksfrnpfndeks ed sde kjkophds kxphïfntds ak smansod, sk gmfk
anlïfnh pkesmr quî pukak skrhd.
D lïjkesk sn ed ke kstk pmsmjk, tmoinîe ak hms okodrnms ak Omry Srnefk:
«[e aïm hhk`ö ak rkpketk uem lukrtk rílm`m ak vnketd y hhuvnm, y on mom ok
omeaö m vmfnmr aktrís ak hm fmsm uem `rme jmrrm ak imrrd quk ym tkeïm uem
`rnktm prdlueam y metn`um quk nim ak mrrnim mimjd. Mh vdhfmrhm pmrm vmfnmrhm, sk
ok rdopnö ke hm omed. R…_ \dhvï fdrrnkead gmstm on mom, hhdrmead: ‘My,
skýdrm, hm jmrrm sk gm pmrtnad ke ads‟. ‘Hm gms rdtd, ´m quk sï4‟, fdetkstö. R…_
Ok akseuaö y ok mzdtö lukrtkoketk aurmetk oufgd rmtd fde uem fdrrkm ak
fukrd, onketrms tuvd lukrzms pmrm hkvmetmrhm, ym quk ed mimeadeö gmstm quk
kstuvd ouy fmesmam².

Emam pukak
neokanmtd2 meuhmr
msï puks, kh mffnaketk2
´m quî dikakfk hm emam fdesk`unrí
ur`kefnm rkpmrmr´Vk
ak hds mzdtks4 hm prktkeak
jmrrm ak
amr uem hkffnöe d anslrutmr4 Omry Srnefk smiïm gmstm quî puetd kh trmtd m hds
ksfhmvds ak`rmamim mh mod, hd onsod quk Gmrrnkt Jmfdis, fuyd hnird
 Skrnpkfnms ke hm vnam ak uem jdvke ksfhmvm (=7<=) sk puihnfö trknetm hmr`ds
mýds akspuîs, ke vïspkrms ak hm `ukrrm ak Vkfksnöe. Jmfdis ksfrnik: «Sukad
tkstnlnfmr, pdr on prdpnm kxpkrnkefnm y pdr hd quk gk diskrvmad, quk hm
ksfhmvntua ks uem omhanfnöe tmetd pmrm hds ihmefds fdod pmrm hds ek`rds.
Fdevnkrtk m hds pmarks ihmefds ke skrks frukhks y hmsfnvds2 m hds gnjds, ke
vndhketds y hnikrtneds2 fdetmonem m hms gnjms, y m hms kspdsms hms hhkvm m hm
aksanfgmR7_².

Sí`nem 99
 

Sdr ouy lmsfnemetk quk skm hm rkpuhsnöe prdvdfmam pdr ksds nefnaketks ak
vndhkefnm, ke on dpnenöe hm fukstnöe quk mlhdrm, uem fukstnöe oufgd oís
rkvkhmadrm quk hm skvkrnama akh fmstn`d, ks: ´qunîe ks ksm `ketk4 Fuíetd sk
kslukrzme pmrm aklnenr mh ksfhmvd fdod neguomed, smhvmjk, fumead ke rkmhnama
hm aklnenfnöe ak hd neguomed fdrrkspdeak miruomadrmoketk mh fmstn`madr.
Fumead aksfmesme, kxgmustds, ketrk tmeams ak mzdtks, kh fmstn`d ks oís síanfd
quk fdrrkftnvd. Vn hds hmtn`mzds fdetneumads m`dtme m qunke hds prdpnem, y
tnkek quk aksfmesmr vmrnms vkfks pmrm pdakr prdsk`unr, ´ke quî ikeklnfnm ksk
prdhde`monketd m qunke hds rkfnik4 [e adhdr tme aksokanad pmrkfk fdefkinad
pmrm susfntmr phmfkr ke qunke kopuým kh mzdtk.
Hm ekfksnama ak rkprksketmr m hds ksfhmvds fdod uem kspkfnk kxtrmým sk
metdjm ue netketd akskspkrmad ak fdelnromr hm edromhnama akh prdpnd yd. Kh
mprkond pdr anstne`unr ketrk hds quk pkrtkekfke m hm rmzm guomem y hds quk ed
sde ke misdhutd guomeds ks tme netkesd quk kh ldfd sk mpmrtm pmrm nhuonemr ed
mh dijktd ak hm ak`rmamfnöe, sned m su frkmadr. Mue supdenkead kxm`krmfnöe
pdr pmrtk ak hds ksfhmvds, hm skesninhnama ak sus prdpnktmrnds rksuhtm iírimrm.
Ks fdod sn `rntmrme: «¡Ed sdy uem ikstnm! ¡Ed sdy uem ikstnm! ¡Qdrturd m hds
neaklkesds pmrm akodstrmr quk ed sdy aîinh!². Kh pkhn`rd ak fdopmakfkr mh
ldrmstkrd ks hm pdsninhnama ak fdevkrtnrsk ke îh. Skrakr kh rme`d rmfnmhnzmad ks
pkrakr hm anlkrkefnm quk ued tmetd vmhdrm y mtksdrm.
Gk rklhkjmad y kxphdrmad ksk ken`om príftnfmoketk ke tdads hds hnirds quk
gk ksfrntd. Ke [em ikeanfnöe ok mlmeî pdr aklnenr kh fmoned quk vm ak hms
rkhmfndeks rmfnmhks fdranmhks m hm vndhkefnm ldoketmam pdr hm rkhn`nöe. [e mom
gmstm kh odoketd momihk kopnkzm m odstrmrsk puentnvm fde sus ksfhmvds
akspuîs ak qukamrsk vnuam y oktkrsk ke uem skftm rkhn`ndsm, kstrnftm y skvkrm,
ke hm quk rkfupkrm kh prkstn`nd mrrkimtmad pdr hm vnuakama omhtrmtmead m sus

ksfhmvds.
On kxphdrmfnöe oís tkmtrmh sk gmfk kvnaketk ke  Smrmïsd, edvkhm ke hm quk
kxmoneî hds rksuhtmads fdetrmanftdrnds m hds quk fdeaufk hm fdefkpfnöe ak
uem fdouenama aktkronemam pdr hm purkzm rmfnmh, sn inke ke kstk fmsd kh
«ldrmstkrd² ks tdam pkrsdem ihmefm d «ouhmtm².
]unzí pukam mfhmrmr ksm fmpmfnama ak mhkjmr m hds akoís, tme kxtkeanam, sn
fuketd föod yd onsom pmrtnfnpî ke ksk prdfksd y mprkeaï ak îh. ^m gk
puihnfmad kstk rkhmtd ke dtrd hu`mr, pkrd qunkrd aksfrninrhks gmstm quî puetd
sdods susfkptnihks ak anstmefnmreds y ak ldrzmr eukstrm prdpnm nom`ke ke hds
ldrmstkrds, msï fdod ak fdevkrtnreds ke kh ldrmstkrd quk pdakods midrrkfkr.
Kstdy ke uem lnefm m hm drnhhm ak ue rïd (oïm aksak gmfk pdfd), pmskmead
pdr kh jmraïe, fumead anstne`d m uem oujkr sketmam ke kh anquk, ke kh kxtrkod

Sí`nem 96
 

akh tkrrked ak on vkfnem. [em fmým ak pksfmr ak lmirnfmfnöe fmskrm sk maketrm

mrqukmam ke kh m`um m ueds skns oktrds ak su omed. Ok neueam uem skesmfnöe
ak mopmrd. Ok mfkrfd, ok aktke`d ke hm vmhhm quk skpmrm on tkrrked akh ak hm
vkfnem, y ok lnjd fde m`rmad ke hm rdpm quk hhkvm pukstm: zmpmtds ak gdoirk,
ue sdoirkrd ak gdoirk, ue jkrsky ouy usmad y sne fdhdr aklnenad pdr kefnom
ak ue hmr`d vkstnad ek`rd. Ks ek`rm. \ukhvk hm fmikzm y ok smhuam fde uem
sdernsm emturmh y ue «´]uî tmh4². Ok anfk föod sk hhmom («Omark Edskquî²)
y gmihmods ue rmtd, ueds qunefk oneutds, ak rkfktms ak pksfmad, akh tnkopd y
ak hds enýds. Fumead hk prk`uetd sn vnvk mhhï ok fdetkstm quk ed. \nvk ke ue
pukihd fkrfmed, pkrd hm prdpnktmrnm ak hm fmsm hk gm amad pkronsd pmrm nr
snkoprk quk qunkrm m pksfmr m ksk rneföe, y vm tdams hms skomems, m vkfks
vmrnds aïms sk`unads pdrquk gmy pkrfms d snhurds, y fumead ed hds gmy pdrquk
tmoinîe hk `ustme hms me`unhms, quk euefm lmhtme. Ks ne`kendsm y aksidram ksm
sminaurïm quk hms oujkrks omydrks snkoprk pmrkfke adonemr. Fumead eds
skpmrmods, sk sdirkketnkeak quk vdhvkrí mh aïm sn`unketk d ouy pdfd akspuîs
y vdhvkrkods m fgmrhmr. Ok nom`ned oís fdevkrsmfndeks fde khhm. Hm nevntmrî
m fmsm pmrm fdopmrtnr fmlîs, gnstdrnms, rnsms. Ok rkfukram m mh`unke, m mh`d. Ok
nom`ned uem monstma, neldromh, emturmh, `rmtm.
Ed mpmrkfk mh aïm sn`unketk. Qmopdfd mh dtrd en mh dtrd. ^ hm iusfd tdams
hms omýmems. Smsm kh vkrmed sne quk vukhvm m vkrhm uem sdhm vkz. Sdr lne
midrad m hm vkfnem pmrm prk`uetmr pdr khhm y ok qukad pkrphkjm mh aksfuirnr
quk ed smik m qunîe en m quî ok rklnkrd. Ene`uem mefnmem gm pksfmad sketmam
ke su ourktk jmoís, y ene`uem tnkek pkronsd pmrm gmfkrhd. Fdefhuyd quk
mqukhhm oujkr ok anjd uem oketnrnjnhhm, quk sk mprdvkfgmim ak hms lrkfuketks
muskefnms ak on vkfnem pmrm pksfmr lurtnvmoketk. Kh gkfgd ak quk on vkfnem
kstî ke fmsm neanfm quk hm pksfmadrm ed mpmrkfkrí. M hd hmr`d ak hds oksks

sn`unketks, prk`uetd
qunkeks hhkvme sktketmm oufgm `ketk pdr
mýds vnvnkead kehmhdsOmark Edskquî.
pukihds Emank,
fkrfmeds, en snqunkrm
gm dïad gmihmr
ak khhm.
Ok snketd kstmlmam, kstdy pkrphkjm, pkrd tmoinîe ok gmfk `rmfnm y ak vkz
ke fumead ok phmetkd sn hd gmirî sdýmad. Ak tdads odads, ok an`d, luk ue
kefuketrd sne oís vmhdr quk kh ak uem meîfadtm. D ed. Sdfd m pdfd, kh kedjd y
huk`d kh rkefdr dfupme kh hu`mr akh aksfdefnkrtd nenfnmh. Aksak ons vketmems,
uem vnstm aktkronemam gm qukamad prnvmam ak khhm, hd quk ok rkfukram tdams
hms omýmems su ke`mýd y on aksnhusnöe. ´]uî kstmim gmfnkead ke rkmhnama ke
ksm zdem4 Ed gmiïm nad ke fdfgk y tkearïm quk gmikr fmonemad skns
bnhöoktrds sn ak vkrama vnvïm adeak ok gmiïm anfgd. ´Föod pdarïm gmikr
pmsmad nemavkrtnam ke hm fmrrktkrm fde mqukh sdoirkrd y mqukhhds zmpmtds

Sí`nem 91
 

gdrrdrdsds4 Netketd fdoprkeakr hm netkesnama ak on aksmzöe y kh odtnvd pdr

kh quk kfgd ak okeds m uem oujkr fde hm quk gk gmihmad ue fumrtd ak gdrm.
Ed hhk`d m ene`uem fdefhusnöe, tme sdhd m hm oïskrm kxphnfmfnöe ak quk mqukhhm
oujkr ketrö ke on kspmfnd (d, mh okeds, sk mfkrfö: sk fdhdfö ke hm hïekm
anvnsdrnm, ke kh idrak, justd ke hm lrdetkrm, adeak snkoprk sufkak hd oís
netkrksmetk) k nesneuö prdoksms ak fmomrmakrïm lkokenem, ak dpdrtuenamaks
ak akodstrmr on `kekrdsnama, ak rkfninr y dlrkfkr prdtkffnöe. Mgdrm gm
aksmpmrkfnad y sk gm hhkvmad fdesn`d on iukem dpnenöe ak oï onsom, hd fumh,
pdr aksfdetmad, ks nopkrademihk. ´Ed ks ksd hd quk tkokods quk gm`me hds
ldrmstkrds4 Odhkstmr. Qrmnfndemr. ´Akodstrmr quk ed sde fdod edsdtrds4 Sdr
ksd fukstm tmetd smikr quî gmfkr fde khhds. Kh modr quk hds prdlktms eds gme
mhketmad m dlrkfkr mh ldrmstkrd ks kh onsod quk Jkme-Smuh Vmrtrk puad rkvkhmr
fdod hm okeamfnama onsom akh nelnkred. Hm lmodsm lrmsk ak M pukrtm fkrrmam
«Kh nelnkred sde hds akoís² phmetkm hm pdsninhnama ak quk skme dtrds hds
rkspdesmihks ak trmesldromr ue ouead pkrsdemh ke ue nelnkred púihnfd.
Ke hm modekstmfnöe ak ue prdlktm y ke hm mavkrtkefnm omhnfndsm ak ue
mrtnstm sk sdirkketnkeak quk hds ldrmstkrds, msï fdod hds inkemomads, eds
tnketme pmrm mpmrtmr hm onrmam d pmrm rknvneanfmr mh`d. Hds prdlktms rkhn`ndsds
prkvnkeke fdetrm ksk mpmrtmonketd, ksk onrmr gmfnm dtrd hmad2 Vmrtrk mavnkrtk
fdetrm kh modr fdod pdsksnöe.
Hds rkfursds ak quk anspdekods pmrm rkhmfndemreds outumoketk fde
ikekvdhkefnm, pmrm smhvmr kh snophk mnrk mzuh quk eds skpmrm, sde pdfd
euokrdsds pkrd pdtketks: kh hke`umjk, hm nom`ke y hm kxpkrnkefnm, quk pukak
nophnfmr hds ads metkrndrks, ued d ene`ued. Kh hke`umjk (akfnr, ksfufgmr, hkkr)
pukak ldoketmr, k nefhusd kxn`nr, hm rkeanfnöe, kh dhvnad ak hms anstmefnms quk
eds skpmrme, ym skme akh tmomýd ak ue fdetneketk d ak uem mhodgmam, ym skme

anstmefnms fuhturmhks
skxd, ym skme d hms anstnefndeks
fdeskfukefnm y hms neanstnefndeks
ak uem nevkefnöe sdfnmh d ak ak
hm hm kama d Hm
indhd`ïm. kh
nom`ke, pdr su pmrtk, adonem fmam vkz oís hm kslkrm ak hm fdefkpfnöe ak hms
ldroms, m vkfks sk trmesldrom ke fdedfnonketd y m okeuad hd fdetmonem. Mh
prdvdfmr kh hke`umjk d mh kfhnpsmrhd, uem nom`ke pukak aktkronemr ed sdhd hd
quk smikods y hd quk sketnods, sned tmoinîe hd quk fdesnakrmods quk vmhk hm
pkem smikr sdirk hd quk sketnods.
Ksds ads andskfnhhds, kh hke`umjk y hm nom`ke, ame mhnoketd y ldrom m hm
kxpkrnkefnm. On madpfnöe nestmetíekm ak uem pksfmadrm vkstnam
kstrmlmhmrnmoketk sk akinö ke pmrtk m uem nom`ke ke hm quk sk imsmim hm
rkprksketmfnöe quk gnfk ak khhm. Hm pkrfniï ak neokanmtd ak ue odad
sketnoketmh y ok mprdpnî ak khhm. On lmetmsïm hm trmesldroö ke on fgmomem

Sí`nem 9;
 

pkrsdemh. Ok fdevkrtï ke su aukým d mh okeds hd akskî (y sdspkfgd quk khhm hd

prksnetnö). Ok gmiïm dhvnamad ak hm lukrzm ak hms noí`keks mrrmn`mams y kh
hke`umjk khk`metk pmrm skaufnr, rkvkhmr, fdetrdhmr. Qmopdfd rkfdramim su
fmpmfnama pmrm myuamreds m pkrsk`unr kh prdykftd guomed2 kstd ks, sk`unr
snkead guomeds k nopkanr hm aksguomenzmfnöe y kh mhkjmonketd ak hds akoís.
Vne koimr`d, mh`d noprkvnstd sk gm fdhmad ke ksm hnstm ak eukstrds
rkfursds, sne auam kxfksnvmoketk snophnlnfmam. Hkjds ak eukstrms kxpkftmtnvms
prnon`kenms ak omydr netnonama y oís mophnd fdedfnonketd, hms
rkprksketmfndeks okanítnfms rutnemrnms dlrkfke uems noí`keks y ue hke`umjk
quk rkstrne`ke eukstrm vnsnöe akh mspkftd quk tkekods (d akikrïmods tkekr)
hds skrks guomeds y ak föod sdods ke rkmhnama. Vufuoinr m hms pkrvkrsndeks
ak hds okands ak fdouenfmfnöe pukak euihmr hm vnsnöe2 dlrkfkr rksnstkefnm
pukak mrrdjmr kh onsod rksuhtmad. Ke on kefuketrd fde hm pksfmadrm yd ok
rksnstï fhmrm y keîr`nfmoketk m ksms nelhukefnms. Kh mrtk y hm nom`nemfnöe, mh
n`umh quk kh okrfmad, pukake skr föophnfks fumead sk trmtm ak skpmrmr hm
ldrom ak hm lörouhm, hm emturmhkzm akh mrtnlnfnd, hm guomenama ak hm okrfmefïm.
Ke mh`ueds fïrfuhds kxmhtmads, kh mrtk quk tnkeak m hm rkprksketmfnöe sk gm
sntumad hntkrmhoketk pdr akimjd akh aksaîe. Kh fdefkptd ak guomenama sk gm
mhtkrmad y hm pmhmirm «vkrama² tnkek tmetm ekfksnama ak fdonhhms quk su
muskefnm (su emturmhkzm kvmsnvm) ks oís netkesm quk su prkskefnm.
´Sdr quî ïimods m qukrkr fdedfkr m ue ldrmstkrd fumead rksuhtm oís
skefnhhd mhkjmr m dtrd4 ´Sdr quî ïimods m rkaufnr hms anstmefnms fumead
pdakods rkaufnr hms vïms ak ketrmam4 Hds hhmomonketds akh mrtk y hm rkhn`nöe
mh rkspktd ke kh Inke Fdoúe sde tïonads.
Qmraî fnkrtd tnkopd ke fdoprkeakr hd nrrmzdemihk ak on rknvneanfmfnöe ak
mqukhhm pksfmadrm. Ke fdoprkeakr quk kfgmim ke lmhtm y megkhmim mh`úe

mspkftd ak oïonsods2
ak edsdtrds onsom, oufgms
y quk hds
akldrmstkrds ed gkods
khhms ed hms kxnstke.susfrntd,
Vdhd kxnstke
ak hmvkrsndeks
omydrïm
akskmods prdtk`kreds. ^ ks quk kh ldrmstkrd ed ks kxtrmejkrd, sned mhkmtdrnd2
ed ks mh`d mjked, sned rkfdramad, y ks hm mhkmtdrnkama akh kefuketrd fde hms
vkrsndeks ak edsdtrds onsods quk ym fdedfkods (muequk ed hms
rkfdedzfmodss fdod tmhks) hd quk prdvdfm uem dhkmam ak mhmrom. Ksd eds hhkvm
rkfdedzfmod
m rkfgmzmr hm ln`urm y hms kodfndeks quk akspnkrtm, ke kspkfnmh fumead ksms
kodfndeks sde prdlueams. Ks tmoinîe hd quk eds kopujm m qukrkr pdskkr,
`dikremr y maonenstrmr mh Dtrd. M nakmhnzmrhd, sn pdakods, pmrm quk vukhvm m
eukstrds prdpnds kspkjds. Ke fumhqunkrm ak ksds fmsds (hm mhmrom d hm lmhsm
vkekrmfnöe), hk ek`mods su fdeanfnöe ak pkrsdem, hm neanvnaumhnama kspkfïlnfm
quk kxn`nods pmrm edsdtrds.

Sí`nem 9<
 

6. Kh lktnfgnsod akh fdhdr

Sí`nem 90
 

Kjkrfke ke oï uem lmsfnemfnöe fdestmetk hms ldroms ke hms quk hm hntkrmturm

utnhnzm kh fdhdr ak hm pnkh pmrm pdekr ak omenlnkstd hm emturmhkzm ak ue
pkrsdemjk d gmfkr mvmezmr hm emrrmfnöe, sdirk tdad sn kh prdtm`denstm ak hm
lnffnöe ks ihmefd (fdod ke hm neokesm omydrïm ak hds fmsds). ^m skm pdr kh
gdrrdr m hhkvmr ke hms vkems snqunkrm uem `dtm ak hm oïstnfm sme`rk «ek`rm² d
pdr hds neanfnds ak uem supkrndrnama ihmefm neemtm d ak uem pdtkefnm skxumh
trmstdremam y kxfksnvm, hm ldrouhmfnöe y kh sn`enlnfmad akh fdhdr sde fde
lrkfukefnm kh lmftdr akfnsnvd.
Smrm maketrmrsk ke kh gdrrdr susfntmad pdr hm edrom quk sk rklnkrk m ksm
`dtm ak sme`rk fdetmonemetk ed kxnstk okjdr `uïm quk Pnhhnmo Lmuhbekr.
´]uî ks, sn ed, hd quk rdeam  Kh runad y hm lurnm  d ¡ Mismhöe,
 Mismhöe, Mismhöe!4 Ketrk
ads mtrdfnamaks omrntmhks fdod kh nefkstd y hm onsfk`kemfnöe, kstm úhtnom (ue
tîroned metn`ud pkrd útnh pmrm rklkrnrsk m hm «okzfhm ak hms rmzms²) ks sne auam
hm oís midonemihk. Ke `rme pmrtk ak hm hntkrmturm kstmaduenakesk, fumead hm
trmom kxn`k uem frnsns lmonhnmr ed gmy emam oís rkpu`emetk quk kh mftd skxumh
fdesketnad ketrk hms rmzms. ^ ks prkfnsmoketk kh gkfgd ak quk ksds kefuketrds
skme fdesketnads hd quk sk prksketm fdod ksfmeamhdsd, nhk`mh y rkpuhsnvd. M
anlkrkefnm ak hm vndhmfnöe ak ksfhmvms, ke kstk fmsd sde hm khkffnöe guomem d,
Ands ed hd qunkrm, kh modr hds quk rkfnike uem fdeakem snstkoítnfm. ^ ke kh
fmsd ak Lmuhbekr fdeaufke mh msksnemtd.
Ke kh fmpïtuhd fumrtd ak ¡ Mismhöe,
 Mismhöe, Mismhöe!, kh skýdr Fdopsde kxphnfm m
]uketne hds odtnvds ak Gkery Vutpke pmrm omtmr m su okand gkromed Fgmrhks
Ide:
^, sne koimr`d, fumtrd mýds akspuîs, Gkery tuvd quk omtmr m Ide pmrm kvntmr quk
sk fmsmrme. R…_
Vï, amad quk, pmrm kh pdfd oueamed Gkery, sne edoirmr mh oís fdsodpdhntm
pmark, hm kxnstkefnm ak hm mometk fde ue dftmvd ak sme`rk ek`rm y kh gnjd fde uem
akfnodskxtm pmrtk, tkenkead ke fuketm nefhusd hm fkrkodenm odr`meítnfm, R…_ krm uem
rmzöe sulnfnketkR>_.

Oufgd oís mvmezmam hm edvkhm, ]uketne sk nom`nem kstm fdevkrsmfnöe ketrk

Gkery y Fgmrhks:
 ‑Msï quk ks hm onsfk`kemfnöe, ed kh nefkstd, hd quk ed pukaks sdpdrtmr.

Sí`nem 97
 

Gkery ed fdetkstm.
 ‑^ ´ed
´ ed ok kevïm okesmjk mh`ued4 R…_ Ed tkeïm quk gmf
gmfkr
kr kkstd,
std, Gkery. Ed krm
ekfksmrnd quk tk anjkrm quk sdy odrked pmrm aktkekrok. R…_
 ‑Krks on gkromed.
 ‑Ed, tk kqunvdfms. Vdy kh odrked quk vm m mfdstmrsk ffde
de tu gkromem. M okeds
quk ok aktke`ms, Gkery . R=3_

N`umh ak lmsfnemetk, fumead ed oís, ks hm utnhnzmfnöe quk gmfk Krekst

Gkone`wmy akh fdhdrnsod, ue nestruoketd snkoprk mh mhfmefk ak hm omed quk
ke su fmsd mimrfm vmrnms odamhnamaks: ak hds ek`rds aksprkfnmihks m hds trnstks
pkrd fdranmhks, pmsmead pdr kh krdtnsod kxmfkrimad pdr hm ek`rntua. Ene`uem
ak ksms fmtk`drïms qukam lukrm akh ouead ak ue ksfrntdr en ak su fmpmfnama
nom`nemtnvm, pkrd hd quk ok netkrksm ks föod sk mrtnfuhm ksk ouead. Kh
fdhdrnsod kstí tme mh mhfmefk ak hm omed quk dlrkfk kh okjdr mtmjd emrrmtnvd.
Lïjkesk ke föod sk kophkm ke Qkekr y ed tkekr. Fumead Gmrry Odr`me, kh
fdetrmimeanstm ak rde quk prdtm`denzm hm edvkhm, gmihm anrkftmoketk mh úenfd
pkrsdemjk ek`rd ak su imrfd, hd hhmom pdr su edoirk, Pkshky. Ed distmetk,
fumead kh emrrmadr ak Gkone`wmy sk anrn`k mh hkftdr, anfk (ksfrnik) «kh
odrked². Ke kstk pmsmjk, hds ads gdoirks, quk kstíe ke kh imrfd ak Odr`me,
gme rkfninad skeams gkrnams ak imhm ke ue kefdetrdemzd fde hms mutdrnamaks
fuimems:
 ‑´Aöeak akodends kstmods4 ‑prk`uetö mh odrked.
Kh odrked sk hkvmetö pmrm onrmr.
R…_
 ‑Qk vdy m pdekr föodad, Pkshky.
R…_
 ‑Ed pukad en odvkrok ‑anjd kh odrked.
R…_
And mh odrked uem tmzm ak m`um.
R…_
Kh odrked netketö odvkrsk pmrm mhfmezmr uem idhsm, pkrd `nonö y sk vdhvnö m
tuoimr.
 ‑´Qk aukhk tmetd, Pkshky4
 ‑¡Ands oïd! ‑kxfhmoö kh odrkedR==_.

Ed qukam fhmrd pdr quî kh snophk edoirk ak su fdopmýkrd ed imstm pmrm

gmfkr mvmezmr, kxphnfmr en aksfrninr su koprksm fdejuetm…, m ed skr quk kh
mutdr prktkeam hhmomr hm mtkefnöe sdirk hm fdopmsnöe akh prdtm`denstm pdr ue
ek`rd, uem fdopmsnöe fde hm quk ksk fdetrmimeanstm pdarïm `memrsk hm
snopmtïm ak hds hkftdrks.
Mgdrm vmods m fdopmrmr ksm rkprksketmfnöe ak ue ek`rd aîinh, quk sk
qukjm fdestmetkoketk y quk ekfksntm hm myuam ak ue jklk ihmefd (gkrnad ak
omydr `rmvkama quk îh) fde dtrm ak hms omenpuhmfndeks ak trdpds rmfnmhks

Sí`nem 9>
 

koprkeanams pdr Gkone`wmy, ke kstk fmsd pmrm hd`rmr ue klkftd krötnfd ouy
fmr`mad.
Ke  Kh jmraïe akh Kaîe, kh pkrsdemjk omsfuhned, hhmomad «kh jdvke²
prnokrd y «Amvna² oís makhmetk, vnvk uem hmr`m huem ak onkh ke hm Fdstm Mzuh
fde su lhmometk kspdsm, hhmomam mhtkremtnvmoketk «hm oufgmfgm² y
«Fmtgkrnek². Smsme kh rmtd, sk imýme, fdoke y gmfke kh modr uem y dtrm vkz.
Vus fdevkrsmfndeks sde hm omydrïm ak hms vkfks pmrhdtkds d fdelksndeks
netrmsfkeaketks, pkrd hms noprk`em kh tkom adonemetk ak hm ek`rntua lïsnfm
fdod mh`d prdlueamoketk gkrodsd, kxfntmetk k nrrksnstnihk aksak ue puetd ak
vnstm skxumh.
 ‑Krks on momad y iuke omrnad y tmoinîe on gkromed. R…_ Fumead vmymods m
Ílrnfm skrî makoís tu fgnfm mlrnfmem.
R…_
 ‑Ks akomsnmad prdetd pmrm nr m Ílrnfm mgdrm. Ks hm tkopdrmam ak hms `rmeaks
hhuvnms y akspuîs hm gnkrim kstí mhtm y gmfk oufgd lrïd.
R…_
 ‑Ketdefks ´maöeak pdarïmods nr4

 ‑Sdarïmods
adeak múe hhukvk ynrgmfk
m Kspmým, pkrd hhukvk
lrïd. Mgdrm R…_ kspdrakomsnmad prdetd pmrm hm fdstm vmsfm,
adqunkr mhhï.
 ‑´Ed kxnstk uem pmrtk fíhnam adeak pdamods emamr fdod mquï4
 ‑Ke Kspmým ed pukaks emamr fdod R…_ mquï. Qk aktkearïme.
 ‑]uî hmtm. Suks kspkrkods pmrm nr, pdrquk qunkrd quk eds irdefkkods múe oís.
 ‑´Sdr quî qunkrks kstmr tme irdefkmam4
 ‑R…_ ´Ed tk kxfntm quk ok pde`m tme odrkem4 ‑Vï, ok kefmetmR=9_.

Ksk kxtrmýd rkvdhtnjd ak nefkstd, pnkh ek`rm y skxumhnama anstm oufgd ak hm

skpmrmfnöe ketrk «fuimeds² y «odrkeds² quk kstmihkfk Gkone`wmy ke Qkekr
  ed tkekr, dirm ke hm quk moids tîroneds gmfke rklkrkefnm m fuimeds
(pkrsdems emfnams ke Fuim), sn inke m hds sk`ueads sk prnvm ak pmtrnm y
emfndemhnama.
Kh pmpkh quk akskopkým kh fdhdrnsod ke hm hntkrmturm tnkek uem rmzöe ak
skr ak hd oís hö`nfm: krm hm hky. Nefhusd ue kxmoke supkrlnfnmh ak hms
«hhmomams² hkyks sdirk kh fdhdr am mr`uoketds pmrm gmfkr gnefmpnî ke ksk
mspkftd fdod neanfmadr ak hd quk ks hk`mh y hd quk ed. Hm hk`nshmfnöe
mprdimam ke \nr`nenm pmrm nopdekr hm ksfhmvntua y fdetrdhmr m hds ek`rds,
rkuenam pdr Juek Surfkhh @unha fde kh tïtuhd ak Ihmfb Hmws dl \nr`nenm, ks
rkprksketmtnvm,, fdod skýmhm kh pröhd`d ak hm dirm, ak hkyks quk «aktkronemime
rkprksketmtnvm
hm vnam ak hds ek`rds ak hds sn`hds W\NNN  y WNW, ksfhmvds d hnirks, y, ke
fdeskfukefnm,, kh tkjnad vntmh ak hm omydrïm ihmefm².
fdeskfukefnm
Sdr kjkophd, uem hky prdouh`mam ke =03; kstmihkfïm: «Hds rkfusmetks
pmpnstms, hds fdevnftds, hds ek`rds, hds ouhmtds y hds frnmads neands, msï fdod

Sí`nem 63
 

dtrms pkrsdems quk ed skme frnstnmems, kstmríe nefmpmfntmads pmrm prkstmr

tkstnodend ke fmsd mh`ued².
^ ue föan`d pkemh ak =710 skýmhmim: «Qdam pkrsdem ihmefm quk sk rkúem
fde ksfhmvds d ek`rds hnikrtds fde kh prdpösntd ak nestrunrhds ke hm hkfturm d hm
ksfrnturm R…_ skrí fdelnemam m hm fírfkh pdr ue oíxnod ak skns oksks y
ouhtmam pdr uem suom quk ed supkrk hds fnke aöhmrks².
Oufgd oís makhmetk, kstmead ke vn`dr hms sk`rk`mfndenstms hkyks ak Jno
Frdw, kh Föan`d @kekrmh ak hm Fnuama ak Inrone`gmo ak =>11 prdgniïm quk
hds ek`rds y hds ihmefds ju`mrme juetds ke kspmfnd púihnfd mh`ued «m fumhqunkr
uk`d ak fmrtms, amads, adoneö d amoms².
Ksms hkyks sde mrfmnfms y, ke fnkrtd sketnad, misurams. ^, pksk m quk ym ed
gmy quk fuophnrhms, en skrïm pdsnihk, prkpmrmrde kh tkrrked ke kh quk gme
imnhmad oufgds ksfrntdrks fde rksuhtmads suomoketk hhmomtnvds.

Kh okfmensod fuhturmh quk pkrontk skr kstmaduenakesk sk fdoprkeak fde

fhmrnama. [em fnuamamem ak Ntmhnm d Yusnm kon`rm m Kstmads [enads y fdeskrvm
mophnm
koimr`d,d pmrfnmhoketk
sn akskm skrhmkstmaduenakesk
hke`um y hms fdstuoirks
(quk sk hmakrkfdedzfm
su pmïs akfdod
drn`ke.tmhVney
kefdetrmr ak vkrama su hu`mr), tnkek quk trmesldromrsk ke mh`d nenom`nemihk
ke ksk dtrd pmïs: tnkek quk vdhvkrsk ihmefm. Sukak quk sk snketm föodam d quk
ed, pkrd ks mh`d aurmakrd quk fdopdrtm vketmjms, makoís ak fnkrtms hnikrtmaks.
Hds mlrnfmeds y sus aksfkeanketks ed anslrutmrde ak ksm pdsninhnama, sk`úe
rklhkjm uem miueametk hntkrmturm. ^d kopkfî m netkrksmrok pdr hm
rkprksketmfnöe ak hds ek`rds ke luefnöe ak hm fuhturm y ed akh fdhdr ak hm pnkh:
fuíead krm tme sdhd kh fdhdr su ikstnm ek`rm, fuíead krm skfueamrnd y fuíead
krm nopdsnihk ak fdedfkr d sk dfuhtmim ak omekrm akhnikrmam. Kstk úhtnod
fmsd ok dlrkfïm uem dpdrtuenama netkrksmetk pmrm gmfkr fmsd donsd akh
lktnfgnsod akh fdhdr, msï fdod fnkrtm hnikrtma ak hm omed ak uem ksfrnturm ouy
oneufndsm. Ke mh`uems edvkhms gk tkmtrmhnzmad ksk mspkftd ed sdhd ek`íeadok
m mpdymrok ke sn`eds rmfnmhks, sned makoís mavnrtnkead mh hkftdr ak on
kstrmtk`nm.
Ke  Smrmïsd, hms lrmsks nenfnmhks pdeke ke omrfgm hm kstrmtm`kom:
«Anspmrme prnokrd fdetrm hm fgnfm ihmefm. Fde hms akoís, pukake tdomrsk kh
tnkopd quk qunkrmeR=6_². Ksk prnefnpnd prktkeak skr uem kxphdsnöe ak
naketnlnfmfnöe rmfnmh quk pdstkrndroketk sk dfuhtm ke tdams hms aksfrnpfndeks
ak hm fdouenama ak oujkrks akh fdevketd ke kh quk sk prdaufk kh mtmquk. ´Hm
iusfm kh hkftdr4 ´Iusfm m hm «fgnfm ihmefm²4 ´D pnkrak netkrîs4 ´Mimeadem
sus pksqunsms pmrm fdefketrmrsk ke hm kskefnm ak hm edvkhm4 Mh`ueds hkftdrks
ok gme fdetmad sus supdsnfndeks, pkrd ak tdads sdhd uem gm mfkrtmad. Srkstö

Sí`nem 6=
 

mtkefnöe m hm fdeauftm, m mh`d quk naketnlnfö fdod ue `kstd d uem supdsnfnöe

quk uem ek`rm ed gmrïm jmoís, fde neakpkeakefnm ak su hu`mr ak drn`ke d ak
su pmsmad. Ksm fdouenama sne rmzms ks vkfnem ak dtrm fuym prndrnama ks justd
hm fdetrmrnm: pmrm sus onkoirds, hm purkzm rmfnmh hd ks tdad. ]unke ed skm
«rdfm dfgd², fdod sk akedonem kh envkh oís prdluead ak uem onem ak
fmriöe, qukam kxfhunad ak su pdihmfnöe.
Ke dtrms dirms, fdod Djds mzuhks, kh tkom prnefnpmh ks hm fdeskfukefnm akh
lktnfgnsod akh fdhdr: su lukrzm netkesmoketk akstruftdrm.
akstruftdrm.
Ke \dhvkr  netketî dtrm vkz frkmr uem dirm ke hm quk kh fdhdr sk guinkrm
idrrmad pkrd puankrm akaufnrsk fde lmfnhnama sn kh hkftdr prkstmim oufgm
mtkefnöe m hds föan`ds, m hms rkstrnffndeks sulrnams ak ldrom rutnemrnm pdr hds
ek`rds: aöeak sk snketm uem pkrsdem ke kh mutdiús, aöeak drnem, ktfîtkrm. ^
tuvk tmetïsnod îxntd mh dihn`mr mh hkftdr m gmfkr fmsd donsd akh fdhdr quk on
kantdrm sk pusd ekrvndsm. Msï puks, m rk`mýmanketks, neskrtî rklkrkefnms quk
fdrrdidrmime hm rmzm akh prdtm`denstm, Lrmeb Odeky. Fdesnakrd quk luk ue
krrdr quk dirmim ke fdetrm ak ons netkefndeks.
Ke  Hm edfgk ak hds enýds, kh fdhdr ks mh onsod tnkopd uem omhanfnöe y
uem ikeanfnöe, ue omrtnhhd y ue menhhd ak drd, m pksmr ak quk ene`uem ak hms
ads fdsms, en kh omrtnhhd en kh menhhd, myuamime mh hkftdr m naketnlnfmrsk fde kh
pkrsdemjk. Qme sdhd dfupmrsk ak ldrom aksnetkrksmam ak dtrm pkrsdem mfmimrïm
fdeaufnkead m uem omaurkz rkmh.
Ke uem dirm ak emrrmtnvm gmy oufgïsnoms dpdrtuenamaks ak rkvkhmr hm rmzm
ak hds pkrsdemjks, fdesfnketk d nefdesfnketkoketk. Vne koimr`d, ksfrninr
hntkrmturm ed fdhdrnstm sdirk ek`rds ks uem hmidr quk ok gm rksuhtmad
hnikrmadrm m hm vkz quk fdophkjm.
´Fuíetm tkesnöe, fuíetd netkrîs gmirïm pkranad Krekst Gkone`wmy sn sk
guinkrm hnontmad m skutnhnzmr
fuíetm fdeodfnöe kh edoirk
lrustrmrïme ak Pkshky4
sn Lmuhbekr guinksk´Fuíetm lmsfnemfnöe
rkstrne`nad kh netkrîsy
fketrmh ak su hnird mh nefkstd, sne rkfurrnr m hm omhanfnöe tkmtrmh ak hm `dtm ak
sme`rk fdetmonemetk4
Mh`ueds hkftdrks, mh midramr pdr prnokrm vkz [em ikeanfnöe, quk sk
aksmrrdhhm ads mýds metks ak hds junfnds pdr irujkrïm ak Vmhko, pdarïme supdekr
quk sdhd hds ek`rds krme ksfhmvds, pkrd tmoinîe pdaïme skrhd ue emtnvd
mokrnfmed d uem pmrkjm gdodskxumh ihmefm, fdod hds pkrsdemjks ak on
edvkhm. ^ mh mom ihmefm ak hm gnstdrnm, muequk ed kstí ksfhmvnzmam, hm gme
fdoprmad okanmetk ue omtrnodend fdefkrtmad.
Srdiî ksm tîfenfm ak idrrmad rmfnmh pdr prnokrm vkz ke ue rkhmtd tntuhmad
«Ykfntmtnl². Kopkzö snkead ue `unde fnekomtd`rílnfd quk ok pnankrde pmrm

Sí`nem 69
 

ads mftrnfks, uem ek`rm y hm dtrm ihmefm. Vne koimr`d, fdod quk aurmetk kh
prdfksd ak ksfrnturm ed smiïm fuíh netkrprktmrïm fmam ued ak hds pmpkhks,
khnoneî kh fdhdr pdr fdophktd y utnhnfî hm fhmsk sdfnmh fdod omrfm anstnetnvm.
M hms mftrnfks kh tkxtd ed hks `ustö ke misdhutd. Oís makhmetk, trmesldroî kh
omtkrnmh ke ue rkhmtd quk, pdr fnkrtd, gmfk kxmftmoketk hd fdetrmrnd ak hd quk
prktkeaïm (hds pkrsdemjks kstíe anvnanads pdr hm rmzm, sn inke sk gme khnonemad
ak ldrom akhnikrmam tdads hds föan`ds rmfnmhks). Ke hu`mr ak fdefketrmrsk ke
kh aksmrrdhhd ak hm trmom y hds pkrsdemjks, hds hkftdrks nesnstke ke su omydrïm
ke iusfmr hd quk hks gk ek`mad.
Sukak quk ons kslukrzds ed akspnkrtke maonrmfnöe d netkrîs ke dtrds
mutdrks ek`rds. Akspuîs ak mlmemrok aurmetk aîfmams ke ksfrninr emrrmfndeks
fde `mrrm prdtm`denzmams pdr pkrsdemjks omrfmamoketk ek`rds, pukak quk sk
prk`uetke sn ok gk hmezmad m ue ihmequkmonketd hntkrmrnd. Emam oís hkjds ak
hm rkmhnama. ^ tmopdfd pnad quk emank ok mfdopmýk ke kstm koprksm. Skrd
kstdy akfnanam m aksodetmr kh rmfnsod imrmtd, m rkimtnr y m menqunhmr ksk
lktnfgnsod akh fdhdr rutnemrnd, lífnh y mffksnihk quk rkontk en oís en okeds
quk m hm ksfhmvntua.

Sí`nem 66
 

1. Hms fdeln`urmfndeks ak hm ek`rntua

Sí`nem 61
 

Hms aklnenfndeks ak «hd ek`rd² y hms aksfrnpfndeks ak hd quk sn`enlnfm hm

ek`rntua sde tme vmrnmams y kstíe tme fmr`mams ak skuadfnkefnm y ak
nevkefndeks quk pdarïm rksuhtmr netkrksmetk, fumead ed aklnentnvmoketk
fhmrnlnfmadr, kxmonemr hms fdeln`urmfndeks ak hds tîroneds y hds usds hntkrmrnds
quk sk hks dtdr`me, msï fdod hm mftnvnama quk nespnrme, tmetd vndhketm fdod
fdestruftnvm.
Gk mgdeamad fde imstmetk aktkenonketd ke hm gnstdrnm ak hms pdihmfndeks
ek`rms ak Dbhmgdom, adeak hms tnkrrms mrrkimtmams (okanmetk fdmffndeks
fdmffndeks)) m hms
trnius fdomefgks, fdedfnams fdod «kh Qkrrntdrnd ak Dbhmgdom² d «kh
Qkrrntdrnd Neand², sk akfhmrmrde «hnirks² pmrm hds fdhdeds. Ketrk qunkeks hms
rkfhmomrde gmiïm ksfhmvds hnikrtds quk lueamrde uem fnefuketkem ak
pdihmfndeks. Ak khhms, sk`úe tke`d ketkeanad, trkfk sn`uke kxnstnkead:
Hme`stde (adeak sk fdestruyö hm [envkrsnama ak Hme`stde), Idhky (adeak sk
mirnkrde ads fketrds ak kaufmfnöe supkrndr, kh Fketrd [envkrsntmrnd Frkkb-
Vkoïedhm y kh Fketrd [envkrsntmrnd Oktdanstm Kpnsfdpmh), Quhhmgmsskk, Yka
Inra, \krede, Qmtuos, Irddbsvnhhk, @rmysde, Hnom, Vuoont, Ykestnksvnhhk,
Qmlt y Fhkmrvnkw.
Ed tdads sus gmintmetks krme ak pnkh ek`rm2 ueds pdfds krme emtnvds
mokrnfmeds d kurdpkds. Vne koimr`d, sk aklneïme fdod ek`rds y fdod tmhks
mfkptmime hms myuams púihnfms. Hd quk ketkeaïme pdr «ek`rd² hds lueamadrks
ak ksms pdihmfndeks ed snkoprk qukam fhmrd. Akspuîs ak hm `ukrrm ak
Vkfksnöe, fumead metn`uds ksfhmvds on`rmrde mh Edrtk y mh Okand Dkstk,
oufgds, oufgïsnods meuefnds y mvnsds mavkrtïme: «\ke`me prkpmrmads d ed
vke`me². Smrkfïm ue smind fdeskjd: trmn`me gkrrmonketms, fmimhhds, rdpm,
anekrd y fdedfnonketds pmrm ed fdevkrtnrsk ke uem fmr`m y pdakr smhnr
makhmetk pdr su fuketm. Vne koimr`d, ksd fdopdrtmim kxfhusndeks: ´quî
pmsmim fde uem vnuam omydr quk tme sdhd supnkrm hhkvmr uem fmsm4, ´y fde uem
omark fde gnjds pkqukýds y sne omrnad4, ´y fde ue mefnmed fde uem
ansfmpmfnama lïsnfm4 M ksm `ketk sk hm mvnsmim ak quk sk ometuvnkrm mhkjmam
pmrm `mrmetnzmr hm smhua y kh frkfnonketd ak hm hdfmhnama. Makoís, tke`d hm

noprksnöe
ldtd`rmlïms ak qukquk
ke hms sk mpmrkfke
prklkrïm mued
hdsd ads
pndekrds ouhmtds.
gdoirks ak pnkhHd akauzfd
dsfurm ak hms
kefmr`mads

Sí`nem 6;
 

ak odetmr `umranm. Sdr hd vnstd, hds quk pdihmrde hms fnuamaks ek`rms
pröspkrms krme pkrsdems ak pnkh fhmrm, ks akfnr, fde sme`rk «ihmefm² ke hms
vkems.
Vkýmhd ksm anstnefnöe pdr ads odtnvds. [ed ks quk kh sn`enlnfmad akh fdhdr
y ak sus supukstms fmrmftkrïstnfms ks odtnvd ak akimtk mfmaîonfd y pdhïtnfd
aksak gmfk fdod oïenod ue sn`hd. Kh dtrd ks kh klkftd quk gm tkenad ksk
«sn`enlnfmad² ke hms pdihmfndeks hhmomams «ihmefm² y «ek`rm². (Fmik
okefndemr quk hds mlrnfmeds, fde hm kxfkpfnöe ak hds surmlrnfmeds, ed sk
aklneke fdod «ek`rds². Vde `gmeksks, en`krnmeds, bkenmeds, ktfîtkrm).
Vk gme akanfmad neeuokrmihks kstuands oîanfds y fnketïlnfds m rksdhvkr hm
nefö`entm (sn ks quk ks uem nefö`entm) ak quî fhmsk ak kspkfnk sde hds ek`rds y
quî fmrmftkrïstnfms pdskke. Hds tîroneds nevketmads pdr hds nevkstn`madrks akh
sn`hd WNW  pmrm rklkrnrsk m vmrnds «trmstdreds² sde, fdod gkods vnstd,
pmsodsds: «anskstksnm ktnöpnfm² (hm irnidekrïm ak hds ek`rds hnirks y
ksfhmvnzmads) d «armpktdomeïm² (hm tkeakefnm ak hds ksfhmvnzmads m gunr ak hm
fmutnvnama). Vne auam mh`uem, ksd fdetrniuyö mh rmfnsod y m su prdpm`mfnöe,
mh`d quk nefhusd gdy ke aïm amods pdr sketmad. (´]uî skrïmods, quî gmrïmods
d ke quî eds fdevkrtnrïmods fdod sdfnkama sn ed kxnstnkrme fhmsnlnfmfndeks d
tkdrïms ak hm ek`rntua4).
[em vkz sk mfkptm hm ek`rntua fdod mh`d aklnenad sdfnmh, pdhïtnfm y
oîanfmoketk, ´föod mlkftm ksm aklnenfnöe m hds ek`rds4
Gkods skýmhmad kh frkfnonketd ak fnuamaks ek`rms, rklu`nds ak
prdspkrnama hkjds akh pkhn`rd, inke hkjds ak hds ihmefds. ´Föod akiïm ak skr hm
vnam pmrm hds ek`rds quk vnvïme rdakmads ak gdstnhnama y mokemzms ak oukrtk4
Ke rkmhnama, ´gmstm quî puetd kstmime m smhvd, tkenkead ke fuketm hd quk
smiïme akh ouead quk hds fnrfueamim4 Metks gk okefndemad quk, ak uems
fnefuketm pdihmfndeks
sn`uke kxnstnkead trkfk. ek`rms lueamams
Ke fumetd ke Dbhmgdom ketrk
m hms mprdxnomamoketk =7<;
trknetm y =>93,
y snktk quk
gme aksmpmrkfnad, sus gmintmetks pdarïme gmikr snad ak eukvd tkstn`ds anrkftds
akh odtnvd drn`nemh ak su gunam y gmikrsk fukstndemad uem vkz oís kh vmhdr ak
hm vnam ak hds ek`rds. Aksak huk`d, msï luk sn vnvïme ke =>1<.
Ke kh sn`hd WW, Kstmads [enads ed gmiïm akjmad mtrís hm ku`keksnm y
tmopdfd gmiïm kxpkrnoketmad ue pkrïdad ak fmhom sn`enlnfmtnvd ke hd h d rkhmtnvd
m hds hnefgmonketds. Vk puihnfmime ldtd`rmlïms ak fmaívkrks ek`rds rdakmads
ak onrdeks ihmefds lkhnfks y hms pdstmhks ak hnefgmonketds tkeïme oufgm
smhnam.
Kh onkad quk kxpkrnoketmime hds ek`rds ed krm en uem lmetmsïm en ue
prdihkom pmtdhö`nfd.

Sí`nem 6<
 

\kmods quî sufkanö ke =>1<. Ksk mýd, Nsmmf Pddamra, ue vktkrmed ak

`ukrrm ek`rd quk múe vkstïm ak uenldrok, imjö ak ue mutdiús @rkygduea ke
Fmrdhnem akh Vur. \dhvïm m Fmrdhnem akh Edrtk pmrm rkuenrsk fde su lmonhnm.
Gmiïm pmsmad fumtrd mýds ke kh kjîrfntd, ke kh hhmomad «tkmtrd akh Smfïlnfd²
(adeak hd gmiïme msfkeanad m smr`ketd) y ke hm zdem ak Msnm-Smfïlnfd (adeak
gmiïm rkfninad uem okamhhm ak fmopmým, uem okamhhm ak hm vnftdrnm ke hm
Vk`ueam @ukrrm Oueanmh y uem okamhhm ak iukem fdeauftm). Mh gmfkr kh
mutdiús uem pmrmam pmrm aksfmesmr, Pddamra prk`uetö mh fdeauftdr sn gmiïm
tnkopd pmrm nr mh skrvnfnd. Ansfutnkrde, pkrd rkfninö kh pkronsd quk sdhnfntmim.
Akspuîs, fumead hhk`mrde m Imtksiur`, kh fdeauftdr hhmoö m hm pdhnfïm pmrm
quk smfmrme mh smr`ketd Pddamra akh vkgïfuhd (mh pmrkfkr pdr gmikr nad mh
skrvnfnd). Kh jklk ak pdhnfïm, Hnewdda Vguhh, sk hd hhkvö m ue fmhhkjöe fkrfmed
adeak dtrds m`ketks y îh smfmrde hms pdrrms y hk ankrde uem pmhnzm. M
fdetneumfnöe hd oktnkrde ke hm fírfkh, aktkenad pdr mhtkrmfnöe akh drake
púihnfd. Aurmetk hm edfgk quk pmsö ketrk rkjms, kh jklk ak pdhnfïm mpdrrkö m
Pddamra y hk rkvketö hds djds. M hm omýmem sn`unketk hd hhkvmrde metk kh jukz
akh pukihd, quk hd akfhmrö fuhpmihk y hd ouhtö fde fnefuketm aöhmrks.
Pddamra pnanö mtkefnöe oîanfm, quk hhk`ö ads aïms akspuîs. Vne smikr aöeak
kstmim y mqukjmad ak uem moeksnm hkvk, mfmiö ke ue gdspntmh ak Mnbke,
tmoinîe ke Fmrdhnem akh Vur. Qrks skomems akspuîs ak quk su lmonhnm
akeuefnmrm su aksmpmrnfnöe, hd hdfmhnzmrde y hd trmshmamrde m tdam prnsm m ue
gdspntmh onhntmr ak Vpmrtmeiur`. Hds amýds fmusmads ke moids djds krme
nrrkpmrmihks. \nvnö, fnk`d, gmstm =>>9. Lmhhkfnö m hm kama ak sktketm y trks
mýds. Qrms trknetm oneutds ak akhnikrmfnöe, kh jklk ak pdhnfïm Vguhh luk
misukhtd ak tdams hms mfusmfndeks, ketrk kh mphmusd kxmhtmad akh jurmad,
fdopukstd kxfhusnvmoketk pdr ihmefds.

ak Kh
hm gkfgd ak qukEmfndemh
Msdfnmfnöe mqukh mtmquk,
pmrmmsïkhfdod hm fdikrturm
Srd`rksd ak hms quk rkfninö ak
Skrsdems pdrFdhdr
pmrtk
(EMMFS, pdr sus sn`hms ke ne`hîs) y dtrms dr`menzmfndeks, hhmomrm hm mtkefnöe
akh prksnaketk Gmrry Qruome, m anlkrkefnm ak oufgds dtrds, pukak mfgmfmrsk m
hms okamhhms quk hhkvmim hm vïftnom ke kh uenldrok, quk akjmime fhmrms sus
onsndeks y sus anstnefndeks.
´]uî pdaïme tkokr ksms fnuamaks ek`rms4 Kh ak Nsmmf Pddamra ed luk ue
fmsd mnshmad.
Skroïtmeok okefndemr mpkems ue puýmad ak hds hnefgmonketds
pkrpktrmads ke kh sn`hd WW:

Ka Jdgesde, =>3< (hnefgmad ke kh puketk ak hm fmhhk Pmheut ak

Fgmttmedd`m, ke Qkeeksskk, pdr uem ouhtntua quk kfgö mimjd hm pukrtm

Sí`nem 60
 

ak hm fírfkh akspuîs ak quk sk suspkeankrm prdvnsndemhoketk su

kjkfufnöe).
Hmurm y H. A. Ekhsde, =>== (omark k gnjd, mfusmads ak msksnemtd,
skfukstrmads ke su fkham, mgdrfmads ke ue puketk akh lkrrdfmrrnh fkrfm
ak Dbkomg, ke Dbhmgdom).
Khnms Fhmytde, Khokr Jmfbsde y Nsmmf Of@gnk, =>93 (trks trmimjmadrks
akh fnrfdke mfusmads
Auhutg, Oneeksdtm2akedvndhmfnöe
sk fmstn`ösne ene`uem
m sus prukim, hnefgmads ke
msksneds).
Ymyodea @uee, =>6= (mfusmad ak vndhmfnöe y msksnemtd, rdfnmad fde
`msdhnem y qukomad vnvd pdr hm ouhtntua ke Omryvnhhk, ke Onssdurn).
Fdrank Fgkkb, =>66 (hnefgmad y outnhmad pdr hm ouhtntua ke Omury, ke
Qkeeksskk, m su smhnam ak hm fírfkh trms gmikr snad mfusmad lmhsmoketk
ak vndhmfnöe).
Iddbkr Vpnfkhy, =>11 (msksnemad m tnrds pdr ue fdeauftdr ak mutdiús
ke Aurgmo, ke Fmrdhnem akh Edrtk, pdr gmikrsk ek`mad m sketmrsk ke hm
úhtnom lnhm).
Omfkd Venpks, =>1< (smfmad m rmstrms ak su fmsm akh fdeamad ak
Qmyhdr, ke @kdr`nm,
hms khkffndeks y msksnemad
prnomrnms pdr Akoöfrmtm
akh Smrtnad mrom ak luk`d pdr kstmad2
ak ksk gmikr vdtmad ke
ue fmrtkh
fdh`mad ke uem n`hksnm ek`rm fkrfmem akfïm: «Kh prnokr odrked ke
vdtmr ed vdhvkrí m gmfkrhd²).
Hmomr Vontg, =>;; (ln`urm akh odvnonketd pdr hds akrkfgds fnvnhks,
msksnemad fde mrom ak luk`d akhmetk akh juz`mad akh fdeamad ak
Hnefdhe, ke hm fnuama ak Irddbgmvke, ke Onssnssnppn).
Kooktt Qnhh, =>;; (m hds fmtdrfk mýds, mpmhkmad y msksnemad pdr mrom
ak luk`d ke kh pukihd ak Odeky, ke Onssnssnppn, pdr hms sdspkfgms ak
gmikr fdquktkmad fde uem oujkr ihmefm quk mýds akspuîs fdelksö
gmikr oketnad).

Vde mpkems ueds pdfds (guid oufgds oufgds oís, tdads khhds mtrdfks), pkrd
sde rkprksketmtnvds, ke on dpnenöe, ak hms fnrfuestmefnms, akh pkhn`rd rkmh quk
sulrïme hds ek`rds (ym ed ksfhmvnzmads) ke kh sn`hd WW.
Msï puks, guykrde m tnkrrms «hnirks² y kstmihkfnkrde su prdpnm jkrmrquïm ak
fdhdrks y fhmsnlnfmrde hm pnkh ak ue ek`rd oís netkesd (kh «ek`rd mzuhmad²)
fdod skýmh misdhutm ak mfkptminhnama. Ksm ks, ke tdad fmsd, hm prkonsm ak on
edvkhm  Smrmïsd, fketrmam ke hm rkodtm (y lnftnfnm) fnuama ek`rm ak Yuiy, ke
Dbhmgdom, adeak ed gmy «emam quk dlrkfkr m ue vnmjkrd: en fmlktkrïm, en
pdhnfïm, en `msdhnekrm, en tkhîlded púihnfd, en fnek, en gdspntmhR=1_².
Kh kstmihkfnonketd ketrk hds prdpnds ek`rds ak föan`ds imsmads ke kh fdhdr
ak hm pnkh y hm mokemzm ak rkfgmzd pdr pmrtk ak onkoirds ak su prdpnm rmzm,
msï fdod kh `rmvk rnks`d ak skr dijktd ak hm onsom irutmhnama quk Nsmmf

Sí`nem 67
 

Pddamra fde hm onsom lmhtm ak rmzdeks, lukrde hms rkmhnamaks quk odtnvmrde m
hds lueamadrks ak oufgms pdihmfndeks ek`rms. Ke  Smrmïsd  nom`neî uem
anstdpïm nevkrsm: uem mfketumfnöe ak hm aklnenfnöe ak «hd ek`rd² y uem
iúsqukam ak su purkzm m odad ak aksmlïd fdetrm hm ku`keksnm ak hm purkzm
«ihmefm², y ke kspkfnmh hm adftrnem akh «\ke`me prkpmrmads
prkpmrmads d ed vke`me², quk
kxfhunrïm m oufgïsnods ek`rds pdirks quk guïme fde uem omed akhmetk y dtrm
aktrís.
´Fuíhks pdarïme skr hm odtnvmfnöe y kh îxntd ak uem fnuama sdhd pmrm
ek`rds quk nesnstnkrm ke sus prdpnms edroms ak purkzm4 Ke  Smrmïsd prktkeaï
rkfdeln`urmrr hm ek`rntua.
rkfdeln`urm
On netkefnöe krm kxmonemr hm kxn`kefnm ak purkzm y hm rkspukstm ak hds
gmintmetks ak hm pdihmfnöe mh vkrsk mokemzmam ksm purkzm ek`rm pdr skrks
nelkrndrks d nopurds.
Ke kh hnird ju`uî fde ksds fdefkptds ak hm ek`rntua fdelueanads y
fdelusds. Kopkfî fde kh prnefnpnd onsod, quk suirmym hm rmzm, hm purkzm y hm
vndhkefnm: «Anspmrme prnokrd fdetrm hm fgnfm ihmefm. Fde hms akoís, pukake
tdomrsk kh tnkopd quk qunkrmeR=;_². Akh onsod odad quk euefm sk naketnlnfm
m hm «fgnfm ihmefm², tmopdfd sk am edoirk m ene`ued ak hds mutdrks ak hm
omtmezm nenfnmh. Hds gdoirks quk fdoktke ksds msksnemtds sde ue gnjd d ue
sdirned d ue gkromed, ue tïd, ue mon`d, ue fuýmad2 ed gmy edoirks prdpnds.
Akspuîs ak ksk medenomtd akhnikrmad, hds sn`unketks fmpïtuhds hhkvme pdr
tïtuhd ue edoirk ak oujkr: Omvns, @rmfk, Vkekfm, Anvnek, Smtrnfnm, Fdesdhmtm,
Hdek y Vmvk-Omrnk, sne naketnlnfmr su «rmzm².
Ok netkrksmim oufgd aksodetmr hm rmzm y tkmtrmhnzmrhm mh onsod tnkopd,
pmrm trmtmr ak akjmr mh aksfuinkrtd gmstm quî puetd ksk fdestruftd krm
lhuftumetk y fmrkfïm nrrkvkrsnihkoketk ak sketnad. ´]uî oís smikods, ke
rkmhnama, ak ksds pkrsdemjks
Hms mokemzms akh oueadfumead fdedfkods
«kxtkrndr² su rmzm4 ´Mh`d4
y hm lmonhnmrnama ak hds gmintmetks ak
Yuiy metk kh pkhn`rd quk fdrrke pdr kh fdhdr ak su pnkh aklneke su
aktkronemfnöe ak fdestrunr uem fnuama ak purkzm rmfnmh ek`rm quk pukame
fdetrdhmr y aklkeakr.
Ankz `kekrmfndeks gmiïme fdedfnad hd quk gmiïm Mgï Lukrm: kh kspmfnd, ke dtrds
tnkopds mfd`kadr y hnirk, sk gmiïm fdevkrtnad ke ue gkrvnakrd sne fdetrdh, ke ue
vmfïd adeak kh omh dr`menzmad k noprdvnsmad sur`ïm pdr adqunkr: aktrís ak fumhqunkr
íridh kr`unad, trms hm pukrtm ak fumhqunkr fmsm, guonhak d hujdsm. Mgï Lukrm, adeak tus
gnjds krme vïftnoms, tu oujkr krm prksm lífnh, adeak ued onsod pdaïm skr meuhmad,
adeak hm fde`rk`mfnöe hhkvmim mroms m hm n`hksnm y fmam snhhm ak odetmr tkeïm uem
fukram kerdhhmam. Mgï Lukrm, adeak fmam `rupd ak gdoirks ihmefds pmrkfïm uem
pmrtnam anrn`nam pdr ue sgkrnll , adeak kstmr sdhd kqunvmhïm m kstmr oukrtd. Skrd aurmetk
hms trks úhtnoms `kekrmfndeks gmiïme mprkeanad uem y dtrm vkz hms hkffndeks sdirk kh

Sí`nem 6>
 

odad ak prdtk`kr uem pdihmfnöe. Msï quk, fdod mqukhhds kxksfhmvds quk fdedfïme
sus prndrnamaks, R…_ metks ak quk smhnkrm kh prnokr rmyd ak sdh, m okanmads ak m`dstd,
qunefk lmonhnms sk omrfgmrde, R…_ pkrd ed sk anrn`nkrde, fdod dtrds, gmfnm
Ousbd`kk d Fmhnldrenm, en gmfnm Vmnet Hduns, Gdustde, Hme`stde d Fgnfm`d, sned quk
sk maketrmrde ke Dbhmgdom R…_.R=<_

Hds gkromeds Odr`me fdetrdhme hm fnuama quk gme fdetrniunad m lueamr y quk
gme hhmomad Yuiy ke gdedr m su gkromem, lmhhkfnam rkfnketkoketk. Vne
koimr`d, y m pksmr ak su pdakr y ak hms mokemzms quk prdlnkrke, kxnstke
fdelhnftds `rmvks y prdlueads ketrk hds fdefnuamameds. [ed ak hds oís
pkrturimadrkss ks hm fukstnöe akh tkxtd `rmimad (akh quk lmhtm kh prnefnpnd) ke kh
pkrturimadrk
prkfnmad gdred fdouentmrnd, fdestrunad pdr hds \nkjds Smarks y trmespdrtmad
gmstm Yuiy. ´Anfk «Vî kh surfd ak su fkýd²4 ´D tmh vkz, sk`úe nesnstke hds
övkeks, «Vdods kh surfd ak su fkýd²4 ´D nefhusd «Hms oujkrks sde kh surfd
ak su fkýd²4 ^, makoís ak hms rkhmfndeks skxumhks fde pkrsdems akh kxtkrndr,
quk kstíe omh vnstms, kxnstk uem ansfdranm rkhn`ndsm lueamoketmh. Hds
skrodeks akh rkvkrkead Suhhnmo, ue prkanfmadr fdeskrvmadr y mrrd`metk,
nhustrme uem ak hms anvnsndeks ak hm fnuama. Kh quk prdeuefnm ke uem idam ks
ue iuke kjkophd:
 ‑Skrontna quk ds gmihk akh modr, ksm tdetm pmhmirm quk, sk`úe frkîns, gmfk
rklkrkefnm m sn ds `ustm mh`unke, m sn `ustíns m mh`unke d m sn sdns fmpmfks ak sdpdrtmr m
mh`unke pmrm fdesk`unr mh`d d mh`úe hu`mr quk akskíns. Qmoinîe ks prdimihk quk
frkíns quk tnkek quk vkr fde kh odad ke quk vukstrd fukrpd rkspdeak m dtrd fukrpd,
fdod sn lukrmns tdrads d insdetks, d tmh vkz quk ks kh odad ke quk hms lukrzms, hm
emturmhkzm d hm sukrtk sk oukstrme iken`ems fde vdsdtrds ke pmrtnfuhmr mh ed hnsnmrds d
omtmrds, d, ke fmsd fdetrmrnd, gmfnîeadhd pdr vukstrd prdpnd inke.
²Kh modr ed ks emam ak kstd. Ke hm emturmhkzm ed gmy emam fdod îh. En ke hds
tdrads, en ke hds insdetks, en ke hms fdhms amezmrnems ak vukstrds pkrrds ak fmzm, en ke
hms lhdrks en ke hds pdtrds quk tdamvïm omome. Kh modr sdhd ks anvned y snkoprk
rksuhtm anlïfnh. Vn pkesíns quk ks mh`d lífnh, sdns ueds ekfnds. Vn pkesíns quk ks mh`d
emturmh,
rmzöe qukkstíns
Ands.fnk`ds. Vk trmtm ak pdekr ke príftnfm mh`d mprkeanad sne dtrd odtnvd d
²[ed ed okrkfk kh modr m pksmr akh sulrnonketd quk gmym pdanad sdpdrtmr. [ed
ed okrkfk kh modr pdrquk mh`unke hd gm dlkeanad. [ed ed okrkfk kh modr pdrquk hd
akskk. [ed sdhd pukak `memr, okanmetk hm príftnfm y hm fdetkophmfnöe, kh akrkfgd m
kxprksmrhd, y akik mprkeakr m mfkptmrhd. Hd quk kqunvmhk m akfnr quk ued tnkek quk
`memrsk m Ands. Qnkek quk prmftnfmr hm adftrnem ak Ands. Qnkek quk pkesmr ke Ands,
fde mtkefnöe. ^ sn ued ks ue kstuanmetk iuked y anhn`ketk, pukak msk`urmrsk kh
akrkfgd ak akodstrmr modr. Kh modr ed ks ue ade. Ks ue anphdom. [e anphdom quk
dtdr`m fnkrtds prnvnhk`nds: kh prnvnhk`nd ak kxprksmr kh modr y kh prnvnhk`nd ak
rkfninrhd.
²´Föod smik ued quk gm fdesk`unad kh tïtuhd4 Ed hd smik. Hd quk ued smik ks
quk ks guomed y, pdr hd tmetd, kaufmihk y, pdr hd tmetd, fmpmz ak mprkeakr m mprkeakr
y, pdr hd tmetd, ak skr netkrksmetk m hds djds ak Ands, quk sdhd sk netkrksm ke sï onsod,
hd quk kqunvmhk m akfnr quk sdhd kstí netkrksmad ke kh modr. ´Ok ketkeaîns4 Ands ed
kstí netkrksmad ke vdsdtrds, sned ke kh modr y hm ikeanfnöe quk dtdr`m m qunkeks
ketnkeake y fdopmrtke kstk netkrîsR=0_.

Sí`nem 13
 

Mrtnfuhm hm rkspukstm m ksm fdefkpfnöe ak Ands kh rkvkrkead Onsekr, kh

prkanfmadr prd`rksnstm quk dlnfnm hm idam, pmrm qunke kh modr ks «ue rkspktd
sne odtnvd fdefrktd. Qdad hd fumh amim lk ed ak ue Vkýdr omhguodrmad,
dijktd ak su prdpnd modr, sned ak dtrd quk gmfïm pdsnihk kh modr guomed. Ed
ke ikeklnfnd ak su `hdrnm, ksd euefm2 Ands momim kh odad ke quk hds guomeds
sk momime ketrk sï, momim kh odad ke quk hds guomeds sk momime m sï
onsods, momim mh `kend ak hm fruz quk fdesn`unö gmfkr hms ads fdsms y ournö
snkead fdesfnketk ak khhdR=7_². M odad ak prdtkstm snhkefndsm fdetrm kh
«vkeked² ak Suhhnmo, mhzm uem fruz metk hm fde`rk`mfnöe,
fde`rk`mfnöe, onketrms pnkesm:
´\kns4 Hm kjkfufnöe ak kstk ek`rd sdhntmrnd mpdymad ke ksms ads hïekms quk sk
fruzme, m hms quk kstmim sujktd ke uem pmrdanm akh mirmzd guomed, mtmad m ads
`rmeaks omakrds tme fdevkenketks, tme rkfdedfnihks, tme noprk`emads ke hm
fdefnkefnm fdod tmh quk sde mh onsod tnkopd vuh`mrks y suihnoks. ´\kns4 Hm fmikzm
ak fmikhhd rnzmad sk mhzö y fmyö sdirk kh pkfgd, kh irnhhd ak hm pnkh, ek`rm fdod hm
edfgk, qukaö mtkeumad pdr kh pdhvd, omefgmad pdr hm gnkh, sufnd ak ksputds y drneks,
ak fdhdr pkhtrk imjd kh vnketd fmhnketk y skfd, y, lnemhoketk, fumead kh sdh aksmpmrkfnö
mvkr`dezmad, onketrms su fmrek kxpkrnoketmim hm onsom kxtrmým ansoneufnöe ak hm
huz quk pdr hm tmrak, fdod sn guinkrm hhk`mad kh medfgkfkr, snkoprk rkpketned ke ksms
hmtntuaks, sk hd trm`ö juetd fde hds frnonemhks quk hd mfdopmýmime, hm snhuktm ak mqukh
sïoidhd drn`nemh sk lueanö ke kh fnkhd ak uem lmhsm edfgk. \ka föod kstk msksnemtd
dlnfnmh, ketrk fnketds ak dtrds, omrfö hm anlkrkefnm, fmoinö hm rkhmfnöe ketrk Ands y kh
gdoirk, quk akjö ak skr hm kxnstketk ketrk kh jklk y kh suidranemad pmrm fdevkrtnrsk ke
uem rkhmfnöe ak tú m tú. Hm fruz quk sdstkeïm krm mistrmftm2 kh fukrpd, musketk, rkmh,
pkrd moids sk fdoinemime pmrm smfmr m hds guomeds ak ue sk`uead phmed y pdekrhds
ke kh prnokrd, gmfkr quk akjmrme ak ourourmr mh omr`ke y pmsmrme m dfupmr kh pmpkh
prnefnpmh ke hm gnstdrnm ak su vnam. Ksm kjkfufnöe gmiïm gkfgd pdsnihk kh rkspktd ‑fde
hnikrtma, sne onkad‑ m ued onsod y m hds akoísR=>_.

Hds fdelhnftds netkreds ak Yuiy vme ke muoketd, gmstm kh puetd ak quk hds
gdoirks (mh`ueds ak khhds) ekfksntme akskspkrmamok
akskspkrmamoketk
etk kefdetrmr ue kekon`d
pmrm kxpnmr y akstrunr kh omh y hds prdihkoms quk fmstn`me m su fdouenama.
Hms oujkrks ak ue metn`ud fdevketd sntumad ke hms neokanmfndeks fuophke
ksm luefnöe m hms onh omrmvnhhms.
Sdr aksfdetmad, ksms oujkrks (ue puýmad ak nemamptmams y lu`ntnvms) ed
sde en smetms en pmfïlnfms. Ansfrkpme príftnfmoketk ke tdad, kxfkptd ke kh
mlkftd quk prdlksme m hm úhtnom gmintmetk akh fdevketd, uem mefnmem mhfdgöhnfm
hhmomam Fdesdhmtm quk hms mfd`k m tdams. Metks ak hm vndhkefnm quk hds
gdoirks ak Yuiy hks nelhn`ke, Fdesdhmtm rkfhmom ue nesöhntd rntumh,
akedonemad «sukýd ke vdz mhtm², fde kh quk tdams hms oujkrks akh fdevketd sk
purnlnfme y sk ldrtmhkfke. Akomsnmad tmrak. Ketdefks nrruopke hds gdoirks ak
Yuiy.
Ketrk tdam ksm hufgm, ksk fmds y ksk fdelhnftd nrrksdhuihk prdvdfmad pdr kh
rkpmrtd ak pdakrks aketrd ak hms fhmsnlnfmfndeks rmfnmhks y skxumhks, on

Sí`nem 1=
 

prdpösntd krm fketrmr hm mtkefnöe ke neanvnauds fdefrktds quk trmtmime ak smhnr

neakoeks y mtkeumr su lrmfmsd: ue rkhmtd y huk`d dtrd. Lrketk m lrketk.
Hm edvkhm (d on netkefnöe mh ksfrninrhm) ok rkfukram mh`d quk kxpkrnoketî
gmfk mýds ke hm Inkemh ak \nkem. Ke uem ak hms dirms ak mrtk kxpukstms sk ok
pnanö quk ketrmrm ke ue fumrtd dsfurd y ok fdhdfmrm akhmetk ak ue kspkjd. Mh
fmid ak pdfds sk`ueads mpmrkfnö uem ln`urm quk luk fdirmead ldrom
hketmoketk y mvmezmead gmfnm oï. [em oujkr. Fumead ksm pkrsdem (d, oís
inke, su nom`ke) kstuvd fkrfm, m on onsom mhturm, fdhdfö hm omed ke kh frnstmh
y sk ok neanfö quk gnfnkrm hd onsod. Eds qukamods mhhï, fmrm m fmrm, sne
gmihmr, onríeadeds m hds djds. Sdfd m pdfd, hm ln`urm luk mpm`íeadsk y
kefd`nîeadsk gmstm aksmpmrkfkr pdr fdophktd. ^ mpmrkfnö dtrm oujkr.
Ykpktnods kh `kstd: juetmods hms pmhoms ak hms omeds y eds onrmods m hds
djds. Msï sk`uï aurmetk ue rmtd. Fde fmam oujkr fmoinmime hm kama, hm
fdestntufnöe, kh fdhdr, kh vkstnad. Akid rkfdedfkr quk mqukhhd luk
kxtrmdranemrnd, mqukhhm netnonama fde uem aksfdedfnam. Ke snhkefnd, fde
fdophnfnama. Mfkptíeadeds, lrketk m lrketk.

Sí`nem 19
 

;. Emrrmr mh Dtrd

Sí`nem 16
 

Qrmimjî oufgds mýds, ueds ankfneukvk, ak rkspdesmihk kantdrnmh ke

Ymeado Gdusk, akfnanam m nefhunr ke kh fmtíhd`d kh oíxnod eúokrd pdsnihk
ak ksfrntdrks mlrdmokrnfmeds ak fmhnama.
Kh fdeskjd kantdrnmh mprdiö mh`ueds ak hds prdykftds quk prksketî: tïtuhds
ak Qden Fmak Imoimrm, Me`khm Amvns, @myh Jdeks y Guky Ekwtde, ketrk
dtrds. Fde hm kxfkpfnöe ak hm mutdind`rmlïm ak Ougmooma Mhn, hms vketms ed
lukrde emam kspkftmfuhmrks.
kspkftmfuhmrks. Kh tkom
t kom smhnö m fdhmfnöe ue aïm ke uem fdevkefnöe
ak vketms, fumead ue fdokrfnmh rk`ndemh msk`urö quk ed krm pdsnihk vkeakr
hnirds «m hds ads hmads ak hm fmhhk². ]ukrïm akfnr quk hds ihmefds fdoprmime hm
omydrïm ak hds hnirds2 hds ek`rds, pdfds d ene`ued.
Ok anjk: «Iuked, ´y sn puihnfd ue hnird hd imstmetk iuked, hd imstmetk
mtrmftnvd, pmrm rkfhmomr hm mtkefnöe ak hds ek`rds4². ^ ok pusk m fdefkinr hd
quk mfmimrïm snkead Qgk Ihmfb Iddb , ue khk`metk íhiuo fde ldtd`rmlïms, hktrms
ak fmefndeks, pmtketks ak nevketds nakmads pdr ek`rds, rkfdrtks ak prkesm,
fmrtkhks puihnfntmrnds… Ak tdad sdirk hm gnstdrnm y hm fuhturm mlrdmokrnfmems,
hd tkrrnihk y hd kspmetdsd y tmoinîe hd gkrodsd y hd trnuelmh. Kh omtkrnmh
prdfkaïm ak oufgïsnoms luketks, pkrd sdirk tdad ak fdhkffndenstms fde fmjms y
fmrpktms akanfmams m hm gnstdrnm edrtkmokrnfmem y mlrdmokrnfmem.
Ketrk kh omtkrnmh quk rkueï gmiïm ue rkfdrtk ak prkesm fde ue tntuhmr
ken`oítnfd: «[em vnsntm m hm omark ksfhmvm quk omtö m su gnjm². Hm edtnfnm hm
gmiïm puihnfmad kh =9 ak lkirkrd ak =7;< ke Mokrnfme Imptnst  kh
 kh rkvkrkead S.
V. Imssktt, akh Vkonemrnd Qkdhö`nfd Lmnroduet ak Fnefneemtn, ke Dgnd, kh fumh
sk dfupmim ak rkzmr fde hds prksnanmrnds. Omr`mrkt @mrekr, hm omark ke
fukstnöe, y dtrds onkoirds ak su lmonhnm gmiïme gunad ak Bketufby, adeak
kstmime ksfhmvnzmads, pmrm hhk`mr mh kstmad hnirk ak Dgnd. Kh rkhmtd ak hm
fdevkrsmfnöe ak Imssktt fde Omr`mrkt @mrekr akfïm msï:
Kh adone`d pmsmad, akspuîs ak prkanfmr ke hm fírfkh ouenfnpmh ak Fnefneemtn,
`rmfnms m hm mominhnama akh myuametk akh sgkrnll , sk ok pkrontnö vnsntmr kh rkfnetd ak
ksm aks`rmfnmam, fde rkspkftd m hm fumh gm gminad oufgm kxmhtmfnöe m hd hmr`d ak hms
ads úhtnoms skomems.

Ok hm kefdetrî fde uem frnmturm ak pdfds oksks ke irmzds, ke

fuym lrketk diskrvî ue `rme fmrakemh. Ok netkrksî pdr hm fmusm ak hm

Sí`nem 11
 

hksnöe y hm oujkr pmsö m dlrkfkr ue rkhmtd pdrokedrnzmad ak föod

gmiïm netketmad omtmr m sus gnjds.
Ok fdetö quk fumead hms mutdrnamaks y hds fmzmadrks ak ksfhmvds
hhk`mrde m hm fmsm ke hm quk sk dfuhtmime, m`mrrö uem pmhm y `dhpkö m
ads ak hds enýds ke hm fmikzm, y huk`d smfö ue fufgnhhd y ak`dhhö m hm
tkrfkrm, k netketö omtmr m dtrm frnmturm, y quk sn hk guinkrm amad tnkopd
hds gmirïm omtmad m tdads, y quk hd quk lukrm ak khhm pdfd hk
nopdrtmim, pkrd ed kstmim anspukstm m pkrontnr quk sus gnjds sulrnkrme
fdod gmiïm sulrnad khhm.
Hk prk`uetî sn ed kstmim kxmhtmam fmsn gmstm hm hdfurm fumead
fdoktnö ksk mftd. «Ed ‑fdetkstö‑, kstmim tme trmequnhm fdod mgdrm
onsod, y prklkrïm sne auam mh`uem omtmrhds m tdads mhhï onsod y msï
mfmimr fde su sulrnonketd m pkrontnr quk vdhvnkrme m hm ksfhmvntua y
hds msksnemrme pdfd m pdfd². M fdetneumfnöe ok fdetö hm gnstdrnm ak
sus omhks. Ok gmihö ak sus aïms ak sulrnonketd y ak sus edfgks ak
kslukrzds nejustnlnfmihks, onketrms hms hí`rnoms momr`ms rksimhmime
pdr sus okjnhhms y fmïme sdirk hm fmrm ak mqukh enýd nedfketk, quk hm
onrmim fde uem sdernsm, sne fdefnkefnm akh pkhn`rd y hds prdimihks
sulrnonketds quk hd m`umramime.
Onketrms ksfufgmim su kxpdsnfnöe y diskrvmim kh prdluead adhdr
rklhkjmad ke su rdstrd, ed puak akjmr ak kxfhmomr: «¡My, quî tkrrnihk
ks kh pdakr nrrkspdesmihk fumead sk kjkrfk sdirk skrks netkhn`ketks!².
Vk rklnkrk
y hds m hmfde
pksmrks enýmuequk omtöaky smtnslmffnöe
`rmad m su hnikrmfnöe
tmh ak
quktdams
fmsn hms anlnfuhtmaks
gnkhm hm sme`rk
ke hms vkems. ^, sne koimr`d, ks kvnaketk quk pdskk tdam hm tkreurm
mpmsndemam akh modr omtkremh. Qnkek ueds vknetnfnefd mýds ak kama y
ke mpmrnkefnm pdskk ue `rmad okand ak ideama, fde ue netkhkftd
keîr`nfd y ue fmríftkr ouy rksukhtd.
Hds ads gdoirks y hds dtrds ads enýds sk kefdetrmime ke dtrd
rkfnetd, pkrd su suk`rm kstmim ke kh onsod quk khhm. Hm suk`rm anfk
quk ks omark ak dfgd gnjds y quk hm skpmrmrde ak hm omydrïm2 quk
tmoinîe skpmrmrde ak khhm m su omrnad ke uem dfmsnöe y ed hd vnd
aurmetk vknetnfnefd mýds2 quk, ak gmikr pdanad nopkanrhd, jmoís hk
gmirïm pkrontnad vdhvkr, ym quk ed qukrïm quk lukrm tkstn`d ak sus
sulrnonketds, en quk qukamrm kxpukstd mh trmtd irutmh quk nim m rkfninr.
Vkýmhm quk gm snad uem snrvnketm lnkh, y quk m su mvmezmam kama ed
tkeïm netkefnöe ak iusfmr hm hnikrtma2 pkrd, m okanam quk pkraïm
lukrzms y fmpmfnama ak akskopkýmr hmidrks, su mod sk vdhvïm oís y
oís skvkrd y irutmh ke su trmtd, gmstm quk hhk`ö ue odoketd ke quk
ed puad sdpdrtmrhd oís2 quk mqukh kslukrzd sdhd pdaïm prdvdfmrhk hm
oukrtk, sn tkeïm sukrtk, ak odad quk akfnanö netketmrhd.
Luk tkstn`d akh msksnemtd ak hm eným, pkrd akfïm quk en gmiïm
mhketmad m su eukrm en gmiïm akjmad ak mhketmrhm, pukstd quk ke
fnrfuestmefnms snonhmrks prdimihkoketk gmirïm gkfgd hd onsod. Hm
mefnmem tnkek ketrk sksketm y sktketm mýds, gm snad prdlksdrm ak
rkhn`nöe aurmetk ueds vknetk y gmihm fde `rme klusnöe akh odoketd ke
quk qukamrí hnikrmam akh pdakr akh dprksdr y vnvnrí juetd mh Vmhvmadr,
«mhhï adeak hds omhvmads akjme ak mtdroketmr y hds lmtn`mads pukake
aksfmesmr².
Kstds ksfhmvds (sk`úe hm neldromfnöe ak hm quk anspde`d) gme
rksnanad tdam su vnam m okeds ak vknetnfnefd bnhöoktrds ak
Fnefneemtn. Vk eds anfk fde lrkfukefnm quk ke Bketufby hm ksfhmvntua
ks ouy nedfketk. Vn kstds sde sus lrutds fumead kxnstk ke uem vkrsnöe

Sí`nem 1;
 

odakrmam, ´pukak mh`unke akfnreds quî pdakods kspkrmr ak sus

mspkftds oís fkesurmihks4 Ke lne, hds fdoketmrnds sde neekfksmrnds.

Hms diskrvmfndeks ak ksk mrtïfuhd quk ok hhmomrde hm mtkefnöe lukrde: =) hm

nefmpmfnama ak hm suk`rm pmrm fdeakemr d mphmuanr kh nelmetnfnand, y 9) hm
skrkenama ak Omr`mrkt @mrekr.
Fdodaksmike
`îeksns mh`uedsIkhdvka
on edvkhm ak ons  (=>70).
hkftdrks,[eds
hm gnstdrnm ak ksmakspuîs
ankz mýds oujkr luk hm
ak su
puihnfmfnöe mpmrkfnö uem ind`rmlïm ak hm Omr`mrkt @mrekr gnstörnfm. Vk tntuhm
 Odakre Okakm. M Lmonhy Vtdry dl Vhmvkry mea Fgnha-Ourakr lrdo tgk Dha
Vdutg, y su mutdr ks Vtkvke Pknskeiur`kr. Onketrms quk hm rklkrkefnm ak ksk
hnird ks hm hkykeam fhísnfm ak uem oujkr aksakýmam quk omtm m sus gnjds fdod
mftd ak vke`mezm fdetrm su pmark nelnkh, on rkhmtd sk fketrm ke hd
nefdoprkesnihk lrketk mh mftd smhvmjk akh nelmetnfnand.
Hm ind`rmlïm ak Pknskeiur`kr ks ue meíhnsns oneufndsd ak hds gkfgds quk
rdakmrde hds mftds ak Omr`mrkt @mrekr y ak sus fdeskfukefnms, ueds gkfgds
ak hds quk yd ed smiïm fmsn emam y quk akfnaï akhnikrmamoketk ed nevkstn`mr sn
sk prksketmim hm dpdrtuenama, fdsm quk ed sufkanö. ]ukrïm imsmrok pdr
fdophktd ke on prdpnm nom`nemfnöe. Hd quk oís ok netkrksmim krm trmtmr ak
aksketrmýmr hm nefmpmfnama ak hm suk`rm pmrm fdeakemr m su eukrm pdr
msksnemtd.
Netrn`mam pdr hd quk pdarïm gmikr fdetkstmad, akfnaï quk hm úenfm fde kh
akrkfgd nefukstndemihk ak juz`mr krm hm prdpnm eným oukrtm, m hm quk imutnfî
fde hm úenfm pmhmirm quk su omark puad pkrontnrsk `rmimr ke su hípnam:
«Ikhdvka² (‗Inkemomam„). Sdr aksfdetmad, fmoinî hds edoirks, frkî mh`ueds
pkrsdemjks, khnoneî dtrds, rkaujk dtrds oís (pdr kjkophd, kh ak Ydikrt, kh
omrnad ak Omr`mrkt @mrekr) y ed akanquî hm oís oïenom mtkefnöe mh junfnd
(quk aurö oksks, luk pdhîonfd y m`ntö m hds midhnfndenstms, qunkeks gnfnkrde
lmodsd kh fmsd mh trmtmr ak quk mfusmrme m @mrekr ak msksnemtd, fde kh dijktnvd
ak nevmhnamr hm Hky ak Ksfhmvds Lu`ntnvds ak =7;3). Sdr dtrd hmad, muequk hd
guinkrm sminad, gmirïm gkfgd fmsd donsd akh gkfgd ak quk vmrnds ak sus gnjds
lukrme ouhmtds, skýmh kvnaketk ak quk su prdpnktmrnd hm vndhmim, hd fumh akiïm
ak rksuhtmr lífnh, ym quk m su omrnad hd omeamime fde lrkfukefnm m trmimjmr ke
dtrms phmetmfndeks. Hk an uem gnjm supkrvnvnketk, ke fuyd emfnonketd hm myuaö
ue jdvkefntm ihmefm, tmoinîe ksfhmvm gunam, fuym fdopmsnöe kstmim odvnam
pdr kh `îekrd, ed pdr hm rmzm. \n m Vktgk, kh edoirk quk an m hm omark,
guykead sdhm. Netrdaujk m uem gnjm oukrtm quk gmihmim y pkesmim y fuym
nelhukefnm (msï fdod
mtrdz prdvdfmad pdr suhm mpmrnfnöe y su
ksfhmvntua. ^ aksmpmrnfnöe) pdaïm
tmoinîe fdelkrï kefmremr
m hm suk`rmkh(Imiy
amýd

Sí`nem 1<
 

Vu``s), uem prkanfmadrm sne n`hksnm quk sk gmiïm drakemad sdhm, ue pmpkh
lueamoketmh ke rkhmfnöe fde kh pmakfnonketd ak hm ksfhmvntua. Ke su skroöe
qunsk kxphnfmr hm rkeukefnm m fdeakemr m su eukrm okanmetk su lk y su ketrk`m
mh modr.
Kstk ks ue pmsmjk smfmad ak ksk skroöe, prdeuefnmad pdr Imiy Vu``s ke
kh Fhmrd akh idsquk:
 ‑Ke kstk hu`mr fmrek sdods ‑akfïm‑. Fmrek quk hhdrm y rïk, fmrek quk imnhm fde
hds pnks aksfmhzds ke hm gnkrim. Momahm, momahm netkesmoketk. Oís mhhí ed mome
vukstrm fmrek, hm aksprkfnme. Ed mome vukstrds djds, qunsnkrme mrrmefírdshds. Ed
mome hm pnkh ak vukstrm kspmham. Oís mhhí hm akspkhhkjme. ^, dg, pukihd oïd, ed mome
vukstrms omeds. Vdhd hms usme, hms mtme, hms sujktme, hms fdrtme y hms akjme vmfïms.
¡Moma vukstrms omeds! Momahms. Hkvmetmahms y iksmahms. Qdfma m dtrds fde khhms,
uenahms fde dtrms, mfmrnfnmds hm fmrm fde khhms, puks oís mhhí tmopdfd mome vukstrm
fmrm. \dsdtrds tkeîns quk momrhm, ¡vdsdtrds! ^ ed, ed mome vukstrm idfm. Oís mhhí, hm
vkríe rdtm y vdhvkríe m rdopkrhm. Ed gmríe fmsd ak hd quk an`íns fde khhm. Ed dnríe hd
quk `rntîns fde khhm. Ds mrrkimtmríe hd quk hk pde`íns aketrd pmrm mhnoketmr vukstrd
fukrpd y ds amríe sdirms, ed mome vukstrm idfm. \dsdtrds tkeîns quk momrhm. R…_ ^,
dg, pukihd oïd, mhhí, dïaok inke, ed mome vukstrd fukhhd sne ad`mh y rkftd. Ak odad
quk gmiîns ak momr vukstrd fukhhd, fuirnrhd fde hm omed y mfmrnfnmrhd, ometkekrhd
kr`unad. ^ vukstrms ketrmýms, quk prklkrnrïme kfgmr m hds fkrads2 tkeîns quk momr
vukstrms ketrmýms. Kh gï`mad dsfurd…, momahd, momahd, y moma tmoinîe vukstrd
mpmhkmad y pmhpntmetk fdrmzöe. Oís quk hds djds d hds pnks. Oís quk hds puhodeks
quk euefm gme rkspnrmad mnrk hnirk. Oís quk vukstrd vnketrk quk fdetnkek hm vnam y
oís quk vukstrms pmrtks amadrms ak vnam, dïaok inke, moma vukstrd fdrmzöe. Sdrquk
kstk ks kh prkfndR93_.

Yksmhtî hm vnam ak hm gnjm smhvmam, hm hhmoî Akevkr (quk krm kh mpkhhnad ak hm

dvke ihmefm quk gmiïm myuamad m su omark m trmkrhm m kstk ouead) y memhnfî
föod krm su vnam juetd m uem omark quk gmiïm omtmad m su gkromem, pkrd
fdetmead fde hm myuam kodfndemh y lïsnfm ak su miukhm y akh vkfneamrnd, hd
quk imstmim pmrm kevmhketdemrhm y pkrontnr quk prdspkrmrm.
prdspkrmrm.
Frkî on prdpnm vkrsnöe akh lnemh, quk qunsk dptnonstm, ke fdetrmstk fde kh
lnemh rkmh ak hm vnam ak Omr`mrkt @mrekr, trnstk y pkrturimadr. Ykimutnzmam y
rkaniujmam fdod Vktgk, on omark ksfhmvm rkfnik lnemhoketk kh kstïouhd
ekfksmrnd pmrm pkesmr, nefhusd smikr, quk pdarïm skr ue skr guomed vmhndsd m
pksmr ak hd quk hks gm pmsmad m su gnjm y m khhm. «Krm hd okjdr quk yd tkeïm², hk
anfk m Smuh A., ke rklkrkefnm m Ikhdvka. Îh hk fdetkstm quk ed: «Qú krks hd
okjdr quk tnkeks². ^ khhm hd pdek ke auam: «´^d4 ´^d4² R9=_. Ed kstí
fdevkefnam, pkrd mh okeds hm nakm akspnkrtm su netkrîs. Kxnstk, puks, uem
pdsninhnama ak rkfdefnhnmfnöe, ak pmz, ak ed tkekr ekfksnama ak mrrkpketnrsk.
Ksk lnemh ed luk, pdr supukstd, hm úhtnom pmhmirm, quk akiïm fdrrkspdeakr m
hm Dtrm,Ikhdvka.
prdpnm m hm prnefnpmh odtnvmadrm, mh odtnvd ak hm kxnstkefnm ak hm edvkhm, m hm

Sí`nem 10
 

Gmy uem sdhkama susfkptnihk ak okfkrsk. Hds irmzds fruzmads, hms rdanhhms
hkvmetmams2 ometkekr kstk odvnonketd, m anlkrkefnm akh ak ue imrfd, skrkem y
fdetnkek mh okfkadr. Ks mh`d netkrndr…, mprktmamoketk kevukhtd fdod hm pnkh. ^ gmy
uem sdhkama quk vm`miueakm. Kh vmnvîe ed hd`rm rktkekrhm. Qnkek vnam prdpnm. Ks uem
fdsm skfm y kxpmesnvm quk gmfk quk kh sdenad ak hds prdpnds pnks mh mhkjmrsk pmrkzfm
prdvkenr ak ue hu`mr anstmetk.

Qdad kh ouead smiïm föod sk hhmomim, pkrd emank fdedfïm su

edoirk. Dhvnamam k nekxphnfmam, ed kstí pkranam pdrquk emank hm
iusfm, y muequk hm iusfmrme…, ´föod pdarïme hhmomrhm sn ed fdedfke
su edoirk4 Muequk rkfhmom, ed ks rkfhmomam. Ke kh sntnd adeak sk
mirk hm gnkrim mhtm, hm fgnfm quk kspkrmim skr momam k nefuhpmr kstmhhm
ke sus anstnetms pmrtks pmrm quk m hm rnsm `hdtdem hk skm oís lífnh
trm`írskhm ketkrm.
Ed krm uem gnstdrnm pmrm trmesontnr.
Hm dhvnamrde fdod m uem pksmanhhm. Akspuîs ak ln`urmrsk gnstdrnms,
amrhks ldrom y akfdrmrhms, qunkeks hm vnkrde mqukh aïm ke kh pdrfgk hm
kfgmrde mh dhvnad lífnh y akhnikrmamoketk. Oís tnkopd hks hhkvö
dhvnamr m qunkeks gmiïme gmihmad fde khhm, gmiïme vnvnad fde khhm, sk
gmiïme kemodrmad ak khhm, gmstm quk edtmrde quk ed pdaïme rkfdramr
en rkpktnr uem sdhm pmhmirm ak hd quk khhm gmiïm anfgd y fdokezmrde m
frkkr quk, smhvd hd quk khhds onsods pkesmime, euefm gmiïm anfgd
emam. Msï, lnemhoketk tmoinîe hm dhvnamrde. Ykfdramr R…_ pmrkfïm
nopruaketk, neskesmtd. Euefm supnkrde aöeak d pdr quî sk
mfurrufmim, en ak qunîe krm kh rdstrd suokr`nad quk ketdefks
ekfksntmim. En aöeak pdarïm gmikr kstmad y ed kstmim hm okodrnm ak
hm sdernsm imjd su oketöe, ue pkstnhhd frdomad fde hïqukeks ak
lhdrmfnöe vkrak omezmem magkrnads mh oktmh. ´]uî hk gmiïm gkfgd
frkkr quk sus uýms kstmime ke fdeanfndeks ak mirnr fkrrmaurms sdirk
hms quk gmiïm hhdvnad4
Ed krm uem gnstdrnm pmrm trmesontnr.
Ak odad quk hm dhvnamrde. Fdod ue sukýd aksm`rmamihk aurmetk
uem edfgk turiuhketm. Ke dfmsndeks, sne koimr`d, kh frujnad ak uem
lmham keouakfk fumead akspnkrtme y hds euanhhds quk ke sukýds rdzme
uem okjnhhm pmrkfke skr hds ak qunke sukým. M vkfks hm ldtd`rmlïm ak
ue pmrnketk d mon`d ïetnod ‑onrmam aurmetk Rakomsnmad_ tnkopd‑ 

sk odanlnfm
sustntuyk. y mh`d
Sukake R…_ snoís
tdfmrhd fdedfnad
qunkrke, pkrd quk
ed hdkskgmfke
rdstrd qukrnad
pdrquk hd
smike
quk, ke ksk fmsd, hms fdsms euefm skríe n`umhks.
Kstm ed ks uem gnstdrnm pmrm trmesontnr.
Ynmfgukhd mimjd, ke hm pmrtk ak mtrís akh =91, hms gukhhms ak sus
pnks vnkeke y vme, vnkeke y vme. Vde ouy lmonhnmrks. Vn ue enýd d ue
mauhtd fmonem kefnom, sus pnks kefmjme pkrlkftmoketk ke hds ak khhm.
Vn hds smfme, vukhvke m aksmpmrkfkr, fdod sn emank guinksk meamad
 jmoís pdr mhhï.
Sdfd m pdfd sk aksvmekfk tdad rmstrd y ed sdhd sk gme dhvnamad
hms gukhhms, sned kh m`um y hd quk gmy mhhí mimjd. Kh rkstd ks kh tnkopd,
hm mtoöslkrm. Ed hm rkspnrmfnöe ak qunke pkromekfk dhvnamam k
nekxphnfmam, sned kh vnketd ke hds mhkrds d kh gnkhd prnomvkrmh quk sk
akrrntk fde akomsnmam rmpnakz. Emam oís quk hm mtoöslkrm. Ed hm vdz
quk fhmom pdr ue iksd, sne auam.
InkemomamR99_.

Sí`nem 17
 

Vï fdedfïm kh rksuhtmad akh junfnd: mh lnemh sk lmhhö quk hm omark ksfhmvm ed

tkeïm ene`uem rkspdesminhnama hk`mh ke kh msksnemtd ak su gnjm (ke fmsd ak
gmikrhm akfhmrmad rkspdesmihk, hm gmirïme fdeakemad m oukrtk), amad quk
netkrvned ue jukz akh trniuemh ak anstrntd lkakrmh pmrm rksdhvkr quk akiïm
prkvmhkfkr hm Hky ak Ksfhmvds Lu`ntnvds. Ke fdeskfukefnm, Omr`mrkt @mrekr
krm hk`mhoketk uem prdpnkama, hd onsod quk sus aksfkeanketks, quk ed hk
pkrtkekfïme ke odad mh`ued pdr trmtmrsk ak inkeks quk pdaïme vkeakrsk, mh`d
quk sufkaïm fde lrkfukefnm. Ke rksuoke, m @mrekr mfmimrde juz`íeadhm ed
fdod m ue skr guomed fde rkspdesminhnamaks guomems (hm omtkrenama, pdr
kjkophd), sned fdod m ue menomh quk pdaïm vkeakrsk fdod `memad. Ke
fumhqunkr fmsd, kstmim fdeakemam: m uem oukrtk prkfdz pdr msksnem d m uem
oukrtk hketm fdod ksfhmvm omhtrmtmam. Mh lnemh, sk`úe aksfuirnö
Pknskeiur`kr, hm akvdhvnkrde mh Vur y vnvnö ksfhmvnzmam gmstm =7;7, mýd ke
quk ournö m fdeskfukefnm ak hm lnkirk tnldnakm.
Sksk m hd mpmsndemetk ak hm vnam ak hm Omr`mrkt @mrekr rkmh, kh eúfhkd y kh
aksmrrdhhd ak hm edvkhm sk imsme ke hm eným msksnemam. Nom`nemrhm luk pmrm oï
kh mhom akh mrtk, msï fdod su ksqukhktd.
Hm emrrmtnvm dlrkfk ue tkrrked imhaïd fdetrdhmad, uem dpdrtuenama ak skr kh
Dtrd, ak fdevkrtnrsk ke kh Dtrd. Kh ldrmstkrd. Fde fdopmsnöe, fde hufnakz y
fde kh pkhn`rd ak fmkr ke kh kxmoke ak fdefnkefnm. Ke ksm ntkrmfnöe, pmrm oï,
fdod mutdrm, Ikhdvka hm eným, hm quk sk mpmrkfk, ks kh Dtrd khkvmad m hm
oíxnom pdtkefnm. Fhmomead, fhmomead ktkremoketk pdr ue iksd.

Sí`nem 1>
 

<. Hm pmtrnm akh kxtrmejkrd

Sí`nem ;3
 

Akjmead m ue hmad kh mpd`kd ak hm trmtm ak ksfhmvds ke kh sn`hd WNW, ke

ene`úe odoketd ak hm gnstdrnm gme snad tme netkesds hds odvnonketds ak
pdihmfnöe `kekrmhnzmads fdod ke hm sk`ueam ontma akh sn`hd WW  y kh nenfnd
akh WWN. Vde aksphmzmonketds ak trmimjmadrks, netkhkftumhks, rklu`nmads y
on`rmetks quk fruzme dfîmeds y fdetneketks, quk hhk`me pdr hms dlnfnems ak
neon`rmfnöe d ke koimrfmfndeks keakihks, y quk gmihme oufgms hke`ums ak
fdokrfnd, ak netkrvkefnöe pdhïtnfm, ak pkrskfufnöe, `ukrrm, vndhkefnm y
pdirkzm. Fmik pdfm auam ak quk hm rkanstrniufnöe (vdhuetmrnm k nevdhuetmrnm)
ak pdihmfnöe pdr tdad kh phmektm ln`urm ke prnokr hu`mr ke kh drake akh aïm ak
hds
pmrmkstmads, hms smhms
fdetrdhmr ksds ak juetms, hds imrrnds,
aksphmzmonketds ed skhms hnontme
fmhhks. Hms
m hmomendirms
vn`nhmefnmpdhïtnfms
ak hds
akspdskïads en m rktkekrhds fdod rkgkeks. Iukem pmrtk ak ksk îxdad pukak
aksfrninrsk fdod kh vnmjk ak hds fdhdenzmads gmstm hm skak ak hds fdhdenzmadrks
(fdod sn, pdr msï akfnrhd, hds ksfhmvds sk omrfgmrme ak hm phmetmfnöe m hm fmsm
akh gmfkeamad), y fdesnstk ke `rme okanam ke hm gunam ak rklu`nmads ak `ukrrm
y (ke okedr okanam) ke hm rkuinfmfnöe y kh trmshmad ak hm fhmsk anrkftnvm y
anphdoítnfm m hds pukstds mvmezmads ak hm `hdimhnzmfnöe. Hm nestmhmfnöe ak
imsks onhntmrks y kh aksphnk`uk ak oís sdhamads akskopkýme ue pmpkh
akstmfmad ke hds netketds hk`nshmtnvds ak fdetrdhmr kh lhujd fdestmetk ak
pkrsdems.
Nekvntmihkoketk, kh kspkftífuhd ak ksds aksphmzmonketds `kekrmhnzmads
hhmom hm mtkefnöe sdirk hms lrdetkrms, hds hu`mrks pdrdsds, hds puetds
vuhekrmihks adeak kh fdefkptd ak pmtrnm sk fdesnakrm mokemzmad pdr hds
kxtrmejkrds. Ke `rme pmrtk, hm mhmrom quk phmekm sdirk hms lrdetkrms, hms
pukrtms, sk eutrk mh onsod tnkopd, ok pmrkfk m oï, ak: =) hm mokemzm y hm
prdoksm ak hm `hdimhnzmfnöe, y 9) uem rkhmfnöe anlïfnh fde eukstrm prdpnm
fdeanfnöe ak kxtrmejkrds, fde ue sketnonketd ak pkrtkekefnm quk sk
aksodrdem m tdam vkhdfnama.
Skroïtmeok kopkzmr pdr hm `hdimhnzmfnöe. Qmh fdod hm ketkeakods ke hm
mftumhnama, ed ks uem vkrsnöe akh odakhd nopkrnmhnstm ak @rme Irktmým akh
sn`hd WNW, sn inke hm m`ntmfnöe pdsfdhdenmh rklhkjm y rkfukram kh adonend quk
uem sdhm emfnöe tkeïm m hm smzöe sdirk hm omydr pmrtk ak hms akoís. Kh tîroned

Sí`nem ;=
 

«`hdimhnzmfnöe² ed kefnkrrm hm oíxnom «Qrmimjmadrks akh ouead, ueïds² akh

vnkjd netkremfndemhnsod prdhktmrnd, pksk m quk ksm luk prkfnsmoketk hm pmhmirm
quk kh gdy kxprksnaketk ak hm Lkakrmfnöe Kstmaduenakesk akh Qrmimjd -
Fde`rksd ak Dr`menzmfndeks Neaustrnmhks (MLH-FND, pdr sus sn`hms ke ne`hîs),
Jdge Vwkkeky, kophkö ke kh Fdeskjd Kjkfutnvd ak Srksnaketks Vneanfmhks mh
skýmhmr quk hds sneanfmtds ak Kstmads [enads akiïme «fdestrunr ue eukvd
netkremfndemhnsod².. ^ tmopdfd ks ksm `hdimhnzmfnöe hd onsod quk kh akskd ak
netkremfndemhnsod²
«ue sdhd ouead² kxnstketk ke hm pds`ukrrm oueanmh, uem rktörnfm quk and
hu`mr m hm frkmfnöe ak hms Emfndeks [enams y m`ntö y gdstn`ö hds mýds
fnefuketm. En ks kh «uenvkrsmhnsod² ak hds sksketm y hds sktketm, ym lukrm
fdod hhmomonketd m hm pmz oueanmh d fdod rkntkrmfnöe ak hm gk`kodeïm
fuhturmh. «Nopkrnd², «netkremfndemhnsod², «ue sdhd ouead², «uenvkrsmh²:
tdads sk metdjme oís inke megkhds y ed fmtk`drïms ak tkeakefnms gnstörnfms.
Megkhds ak fdelnemr hm Qnkrrm ke fnkrtm mpmrnkefnm ak uenama y fnkrtd `rmad ak
fdetrdh, d ak fdefkinr kh akstned guomed akh phmektm fdod kh lrutd ak uem
nakdhd`ïm ak uem úenfm fdestkhmfnöe ak emfndeks. Hm `hdimhnzmfnöe tnkek hds
onsods akskds y megkhds quk sus prkakfksdrks. Qmoinîe sk fdesnakrm
prd`rksnstm, pkrlkffndemadrm, uenlnfmadrm, utöpnfm y prkaktkronemam aksak ue
puetd ak vnstm gnstörnfd. Ke kh sketnad oís hnontmad akh tîroned, kqunvmhk m hm
hnirk fnrfuhmfnöe ak fmpntmhks y m hm rípnam anstrniufnöe ak amtds y prdauftds
aketrd ak ue ketdred ekutrmh ke hd pdhïtnfd, aktkronemad pdr hms kxn`kefnms ak
hms ouhtnemfndemhks. Vne koimr`d, sus fdeedtmfndeks oís mophnms sde okeds
nedfketks, amad quk mimrfme ed sdhd hm akodenzmfnöe ak kstmads sdoktnads m
koimr`ds d hm imemhnzmfnöe ak hds skýdrks ak hm `ukrrm y hds pdhïtnfds
fdrruptds pmrm huk`d ek`dfnmr fde khhds, sned tmoinîe kh gueanonketd ak
kstmads emfnöe imjd kh pksd ak hm kfdedoïm, kh fmpntmh y hm omed ak dirm
trmesemfndemhks2
mokrnfmenzmfnöe hmakhsuprkomfïm ak hm fuhturm
ouead aksmrrdhhmad y key hm kfdedoïm
vïms dffnaketmhks,
ak aksmrrdhhd okanmetky hm
hm
pkektrmfnöe ak hms fuhturms kstmaduenakesks ke hm odam, kh fnek, hm oúsnfm y hm
`mstrdedoïm ak Dffnaketk.
Hm `hdimhnzmfnöe, mfhmomam fde kh onsod vn`dr quk ke su aïm kh akstned
omenlnkstd, kh netkremfndemhnsod, ktfîtkrm, gm mhfmezmad fnkrtd envkh ak
omjkstudsnama ke eukstrm nom`nemfnöe. M pksmr ak tdams sus prktkesndeks ak
ldoketmr hm hnikrtma y hm n`umhama, sus rkpmrtds sde an`eds ak ue rky. ^ ks quk
pukak dtdr`mr oufgd y ek`mr oufgd, ke hd rkhmtnvd mh mffksd (mh fruzmr
lrdetkrms), ke hd rklkrketk m hm fmetnama (kh eúokrd ak pkrsdems mlkftmams
pdsntnvm d ek`mtnvmoketk), ke omtkrnm ak vkhdfnama (hm mpmrnfnöe ak eukvms
tkfedhd`ïms) y ke tîroneds ak rnqukzm (hm kxphdtmfnöe ak rkfursds hnontmads

Sí`nem ;9
 

sdhd pdr hm lnentua akh phmektm y ak neeuokrmihks okrfmefïms y skrvnfnds quk

kxpdrtmr k nopdrtmr). Ed distmetk, pdr oufgd quk sk madrk kh `hdimhnsod
fdod lkeöoked fmsn oksníenfd, tmoinîe sk vnhnpkeanm fdod omh nestn`madr ak
uem anstdpïm pkhn`rdsm. Eds msustm su okedsprkfnd ak hms lrdetkrms, ak hms
nelrmkstrufturms emfndemhks, ak hms iurdfrmfnms hdfmhks, ak hds fkesdrks ak
netkrekt, ak hds mrmefkhks, ak hms hkyks y ak hds nandoms2 su neanlkrkefnm metk
hds oír`keks y hds omr`nemhks2 sus prdpnkamaks kxtrmdranemrnms y
lm`dfntmadrms, quk mfkhkrme kh idrrmad, ue mhhmemonketd ak hms anlkrkefnms
sn`enlnfmtnvms. Vne nopdrtmr eukstrm mvkrsnöe m hm anvkrsnama, nom`nemods uem
nopdsninhnama ak anstnefnöe, hm khnonemfnöe ke ue luturd fkrfmed ak tdams hms
fuhturms y hke`ums onedrntmrnms. D kspkfuhmods fde gdrrdr sdirk hd quk pdarïm
skr hm mhtkrmfnöe nrrkvdfmihk y akinhntmadrm ak hke`ums y fuhturms oís
akstmfmams metk kh pmsd ak hm `hdimhnzmfnöe.
Ketrk hds oufgds odtnvds y justnlnfmfndeks ak hds `rmeaks odvnonketds ak
pdihmfnöe, kh oís akstmfmad ks hm `ukrrm. Vk fmhfuhm quk, fumead sk fdedzfme
hms fnlrms aklnentnvms ak aksphmzmads ‑ak qunkeks guyke ak hm pkrskfufnöe, kh
fdelhnftd y hm vndhkefnm `kekrmhnzmam ke kh ouead mftumh (nefhunads hds
rklu`nmads, hds sdhnfntmetks ak msnhd y hds aksphmzmads netkreds)‑, kh tdtmh
supkrmrí mophnmoketk hds sksketm onhhdeks. Vksketm onhhdeks. ^ hm ontma ak
hds rklu`nmads sde enýds. Ed fdedzfd hms fnlrms ak lmhhkfnads.
Muequk eukstrds pkdrks onkads sdirk kh luturd ed sk omenlnkstke pdr
fdophktd, hd fnkrtd ks quk meuhme hms `mrmetïms ak quk hm `hdimhnzmfnöe vmym m
trmkr uem vnam okjdr y dlrkfke mavkrtkefnms mhmrometks lrketk m uem oukrtk
fuhturmh prkomturm.
[em vkz oís ok `ustmrïm rkfurrnr m hm hntkrmturm pmrm fdoketmr kh mzdtk (kh
vkeked) ak hm fdeanfnöe ak kxtrmejkrd. Oís ke fdefrktd, qunkrd aktkekrok ke
uem edvkhm
midramr kh ksfrntm ke hds
sn`unketk mýds fnefuketm
anhkom: pdr ue mutdr
hm anluonemfnöe `unekmed
akh netkrndr fdod
y kh ldromquk
kxtkrndr ak
pukak fdesm`rmr hïontks y lrdetkrms (rkmhks, oktmlörnfms y psnfdhö`nfms)
onketrms ldrfkjkmods fde aklnenfndeks ak emfnöe, Kstmad y fnuamameïm y fde
hds prdihkoms prdhde`mads akh rmfnsod y hms rkhmfndeks rmfnmhks, m hd quk sk
suom kh hhmomad «fgdquk ak fuhturms², ke eukstrm iúsqukam ak hhmm pkrtkekefnm.
Hds ksfrntdrks mlrnfmeds y mlrdmokrnfmeds ed sde hds úenfds quk msuoke
ksds prdihkoms, pkrd akstmfme pdr su gnstdrnm hmr`m y sne`uhmr ak rksnstkefnm
metk khhds. Ak ed sketnrsk ke fmsm ke su prdpnm pmtrnm, ak kstmr kxnhnmads ke kh
hu`mr quk hks fdrrkspdeak.
fdrrkspdeak.
Metks ak maketrmrok ke hm edvkhm ke fukstnöe, ok `ustmrïm fdetmr uem
meîfadtm ak on nelmefnm quk ks ouy metkrndr m on hkfturm ak hntkrmturm

Sí`nem ;6
 

mlrnfmem, pkrd quk, sne koimr`d, ldrzö on nefursnöe ke hd quk anlnfuhtm hms
aklnenfndeks fdetkopdríekms
fdetkopdríekms ak hd kxtrmejkrd.
Hds adone`ds sk pmsmime pdr hds imefds ak hm n`hksnm, m odad ak fkpnhhd,
uems imeakjms ldrrmams ak tkrfndpkhd. Hm ak hds úhtnods imefds krm hm oís
pkqukým y hm quk tkeïm oís pdsninhnamaks ak qukamr vmfïm. Vu uinfmfnöe y su

tmomýd rklhkjmime
fmrmftkrnzmime hms kxpkftmtnvms
príftnfmoketk tdad ke hdshkmhks pkrd rkstrne`nams
mýds trknetm. Hms odekams,quk hd
euefm
inhhktks, quk smhpnfmime mqukhhm imeakjm prdfkaïme ke su omydrïm ak enýds m
hds quk sk menomim m ademr ued d fnefd fketmvds pmrm hms dirms ak
ikeklnfkefnm tme ekfksmrnms pmrm hm rkakefnöe, hm smhvmfnöe, ak Ílrnfm. Vn inke
mqukhhm pmhmirm, «Ílrnfm², rksuhtmim gkrodsm, fmr`mim fde kh pksd ak hms
fdophkjms kodfndeks m hms quk sk hm vnefuhmim. M anlkrkefnm ak Fgnem, adeak
tmoinîe sk pmsmim gmoirk, Ílrnfm krm eukstrm m hm vkz quk suym, tkeïm ue
vïefuhd ïetnod fde edsdtrds y krm prdlueamoketk kxtrmejkrm. Krm uem omark
pmtrnm kedrok y ekfksntmam m hm quk, sk`úe eds akfïme, pkrtkekfïmods, pkrd
quk ene`ued ak edsdtrds gmiïm vnstd en tkeïm `mems ak vkr, gmintmam pdr `ketk
fde hm quk ometkeïmods uem rkhmfnöe anlïfnh ak aksfdedfnonketd y aksaîe
outuds, y fde hm quk fdopmrtïmods uem ontdhd`ïm ak dtrkama pmsnvm y
trmuomtnzmam, fuhtnvmam pdr hds hnirds ak tkxtd, kh fnek, hds aniujds menomads y
hds nesuhtds gdstnhks quk hds enýds mprkeake m madrmr.
Oís makhmetk, fumead kopkfî m hkkr hntkrmturm moinketmam ke Ílrnfm,
aksfuirï quk, fde ksfmsms kxfkpfndeks, tdads hds rkhmtds sufksnvds
aksmrrdhhmime y rkmhzmime hm onsoïsnom ontdhd`ïm quk mfdopmýmim mqukhhms
imeakjms ak tkrfndpkhd quk pmsmime lhdtmead ketrk hds imefds. Smrm Jdyfk
Fmry, Khspktg Guxhky d G. Ynakr Gm``mra, Ílrnfm krm prkfnsmoketk hd quk
amim m ketkeakr hm fdhkftm onsndekrm: ue fdetneketk dsfurd fde uem ekfksnama
akskspkrmam ak huz. Hm ak hm frnstnmeama, hm fnvnhnzmfnöe, kh aksmrrdhhd. Hm huz
ak hm fmrnama kefkeanam m `dhpk ak snophk `kekrdsnama. Krm uem fdefkpfnöe ak
Ílrnfm fmr`mam ak supdsnfndeks ak uem netnonama fdophkjm msdfnmam mh
rkfdedfnonketd ak ue mhkjmonketd sne okanmfnöe. Kh ken`om ak hm mhnkemfnöe
ak hm pdihmfnöe hdfmh pdr pmrtk ak «mefnmeds² pmtkremhnstm-fdhdenmhks, kh
aksmgufnd ak hds gmihmetks emtnvds ak su pmtrnm y kh kxnhnd ak hds pukihds
neaï`kems aketrd ak su prdpnm fmsm mpdrtmime m ksds rkhmtds ue mnrk surrkmhnstm
k nefntmime m hds ksfrntdrks m prdykftmr ue Ílrnfm oktmlïsnfmoketk euhm, hnstm
pmrm quk mh`unke hm nevketmrm. Fde uem d ads kxfkpfndeks, kh Ílrnfm hntkrmrnm
luk ue tkrrked ak juk`d nem`dtmihk pmrm turnstms y kxtrmejkrds. Ke hms dirms ak
Jdskpg Fderma, Nsmb Anekske, Vmuh Ikhhdw y Krekst Gkone`wmy, amim n`umh
quk kstuvnkrme noiunams ak hm pkrspkftnvm fdevkefndemh ak Dffnaketk sdirk

Sí`nem ;1
 

ue Ílrnfm suonam ke hm n`edrmefnm d quk hufgmrme fdetrm khhm, hds

prdtm`denstms sk kefdetrmime kh sk`uead fdetneketk oís kxtkesd akh ouead
tme vmfïd fdod mqukhhm imeakjm ldrrmam ak tkrfndpkhd2 ue rkfnpnketk m hm
kspkrm akh fdirk y hm phmtm quk hm nom`nemfnöe tuvnkrm m inke kfgmr ke su
netkrndr. Fdod hkým pmrm luk`ds dffnaketmhks, fdophmfnketkoketk ouam,

fdevkenketkoketk vnr`ke uem

odhakmrsk pmrm smtnslmfkr k neansfutnihkoketk
mophnm vmrnkama ak kxtrmejkrm, Ílrnfm
kxn`kefnms pdaïmk
hntkrmrnms
nakdhö`nfms. Sdaïm rkfuhmr pmrm skrvnr ak ksfkemrnd m fumhqunkr gmzmým d amr ue
`rme pmsd makhmetk k nophnfmrsk ke hms trniuhmfndeks ak fumhqunkr kxtrmejkrd2
pdaïm rktdrfkrsk pmrm amr hu`mr m ldroms pkrvkrsms y mtkrrmadrms ke hms quk hds
dffnaketmhks fdetkophmrme kh omh, d tmoinîe pdstrmrsk ak gnedjds y mfkptmr
hkffndeks khkoketmhks ak sus supkrndrks. Smrm qunkeks koprkeaïme ksk vnmjk
hntkrmh d nom`nemrnd, kh fdetmftd fde Ílrnfm dlrkfïm dpdrtuenamaks
kodfndemetks ak kxpkrnoketmr hm vnam ke su kstmad prnontnvd, ak ldromfnöe,
ruanoketmrnd, hd fumh fdeaufïm m fdedfkrsk okjdr m ued onsod, uem sminaurïm
quk fdelnromim hms vketmjms akh akrkfgd ak prdpnkama kurdpkd sne hm
rkspdesminhnama ak tkekr quk rkuenr akomsnmam neldromfnöe rkmh sdirk ene`uem
fuhturm mlrnfmem. Imstmim fde mh`d ak `kd`rmlïm, oufgd ak fhnomtdhd`ïm y ue
puýmad ak fdstuoirks y meîfadtms fdod hnkezd ke kh quk pnetmr kh rktrmtd ak
ue yd oís smind, oís trnstk d fdophktmoketk rkfdefnhnmad. Ke hms edvkhms
dffnaketmhks puihnfmams m hd hmr`d ak hds mýds fnefuketm, Ílrnfm pdarïm
gmikrsk hhmomad «kh kxtrmejkrd², fdod kh hnird ak Mhikrt Fmous, snkoprk
dlrkfnkead uem dpdrtuenama ak fdedfnonketd, pkrd ometkenkead netmftm su
emturmhkzm nefd`edsfnihk. Ke  Kh fdrmzöe ak hms tnenkihms ak Fderma, Omrhdwk
aksfrnik kh fdetneketk fdod ue «kspmfnd ke ihmefd ke ue ompm R…_ sdirk kh
quk ue enýd pdaïm tkjkr om`eïlnfds sukýds², ue kxtkesd tkrrntdrnd quk
pdstkrndroketk sk gmiïm hhkemad ak «rïds, hm`ds y edoirks y gmiïm akjmad ak
skr ue onstkrndsd y prkfndsd kspmfnd ke ihmefd. R…_ Vk gmiïm fdevkrtnad ke
ue hu`mr ak tnenkihmsR96_². Hd pdfd quk pdaïm smikrsk krm ken`oítnfd,
rkpu`emetk d nrrkonsnihkoketk fdetrmanftdrnd. Kh Ílrnfm nom`nemrnm krm ue
fukred ak hm miueamefnm rkidsmetk ak nopdeakrmihks quk, fdod kh
odestrudsd @rîeakh ak Ikdwuhl , lrustrmim tdam kxphnfmfnöe. Ke fdeskfukefnm,
ksm hntkrmturm dlrkfk uem phîtdrm ak oktíldrms nefdopmtnihks. Fdod kpnfketrd
drn`nemh ak hm rmzm guomem, Ílrnfm ks ouy metn`um, sn inke, mh kstmr imjd
fdetrdh fdhdenmh, tmoinîe ks nelmetnh. [em kspkfnk ak lktd vnkjd snkoprk m hm
kspkrm ak emfkr quk aksfdefnkrtm m tdams hms fdomardems. Ke uem edvkhm trms
dtrm, ke ue fuketd trms dtrd, Ílrnfm ks m ue tnkopd nedfketk y fdrruptm, smhvmjk
y purm, nrrmfndemh y sminm.

Sí`nem ;;
 

Ke ksk fdetkxtd hntkrmrnd rmfnmhoketk fmr`mad, kh aksfuirnonketd ak  Hk

 Yk`mra au rdn  ak Fmomrm Hmyk rksuhtö sdirkfd`kadr. Ak rkpketk, mh`unke
rknevketmim kh vnmjk kstkrkdtnpmad m hms tnenkihms mlrnfmems ak fuketd ak gmams,
ym lukrm pmrm hhkvmr huz d pmrm iusfmrhm rknom`nemam. Hm edvkhm ed sdhd
rkfurrk m ue vdfmiuhmrnd nom`nstm fdophkjd y ektmoketk mlrnfmed fde kh lne ak

koprkeakr
kxphdtm uem ek`dfnmfnöe
hms noí`keks ak fmds kansfursnvm fdequk
nelmetnhnsod Dffnaketk, sned quk
kh fdequnstmadr tmoinîe
nopdek m hm
pdihmfnöe neaï`kem: kh aksdrake sdfnmh aksfrntd ke  Oïstkr Jdgesde ak Jdyfk
Fmry, hm disksnöe pdr hds dhdrks quk kefdetrmods ke  Hds lhmoidymeks ak
Qgnbm  ak Khspktg Guxhky y hm lnjmfnöe kurdpkm fde kh sn`enlnfmad ak hm
akseuakz quk vkods ke hms edvkhms ak G. Ynakr Gm``mra, ke hm emrrmtnvm ak
Jdskpg Fderma d ke príftnfmoketk tdam hm hntkrmturm ak vnmjks dffnaketmh. [e
fukrpd sne vkstnr d pdfd vkstnad sdhd pdaïm skr rklhkjd ak nedfkefnm nelmetnh d
krdtnsod neansfnphnemad, jmoís akh vdykrnsod akh diskrvmadr.
diskrvmadr.
Kh mr`uoketd ak hm dirm ak Fmomrm Hmyk ks, ke pdfms pmhmirms, kh
sn`unketk: Fhmrkefk, ue kurdpkd, sk gm trmshmamad m Ílrnfm pdr odtnvds quk ks
nefmpmz ak kxprksmr. Aksak su hhk`mam, gm ju`mad, gm pkranad y gm fdetrmïad
akuams fumetndsms fde sus fdopmtrndtms ihmefds. Mgdrm sk ksfdeak ketrk hm
pdihmfnöe neaï`kem ke uem pdsmam fdfgmoirdsm. ^m hd gme kfgmad akh gdtkh
ak hds fdhdenmhnstms y kh pdsmakrd mlrnfmed tmoinîe kstí m puetd ak kxpuhsmrhd.
Ketdefks Fhmrkefk sk am fuketm ak quk hm sdhufnöe m su onskrnm ks kxphdtmr su
fdeanfnöe ak ihmefd, su kurdpknama, y ketrmr mh skrvnfnd akh rky, sne rkspdeakr
m prk`uetm mh`uem en smikr gmfkr emam. [em akesm ouhtntua ak mhakmeds hk
nopnak mfkrfmrsk mh odemrfm y su prdpösntd sk rkfnik fde aksaîe. Fdedfk m
uem pmrkjm ak madhksfketks mhidrdtmadrks y m ue okean`d mstutd quk mffkake m
kfgmrhk uem omed. Vn`unkead sus fdeskjds, sk anrn`k mh sur, adeak sk kspkrm
quk vukhvm m mpmrkfkr kh rky. Kh vnmjk ak Fhmrkefk, quk ed anlnkrk akomsnmad
ak uem pkrk`rnemfnöe, pkrontk m Fmomrm Hmyk kxpdekr y pmrdanmr hms
skesninhnamaks pmrmhkhms ak Kurdpm y Ílrnfm.
Hds trdpds hntkrmrnds ak Ílrnfm m hds quk rkfurrk sde rîphnfms kxmftms ak
pkrfkpfndeks ak hm fdeanfnöe ak kxtrmejkrd: =) hm mokemzm, 9) hm akprmvmfnöe,
y 6) hm nefdoprkesninhnama. ^ rksuhtm lmsfnemetk diskrvmr su ankstrd omekjd ak
ksms pkrfkpfndeks.
pkrfkpfndeks.
 Hm mokemzm. Fhmrkefk, kh prdtm`denstm ak Fmomrm Hmyk, kstí mturanad pdr
kh onkad. M pksmr ak quk skýmhm quk «hms miueametks pmhokrms² kstíe
«akstnemams R…_ m hm neaustrnm vneïfdhm², kh fmopd kstí «om`eïlnfmoketk
drakemad² y hm `ketk quk vnvk ke îh hk irneam «ue iuke rkfninonketd², vk tme
sdhd nemffksninhnama, «gdstnhnama fdopmrtnam², ue vîrtn`d ak túekhks y

Sí`nem ;<
 

skeakrds ihdqukmads
ihdqukmads pdr mriustds kspnedsds. Kh drake y hm fhmrnama akh pmnsmjk
ed fmsme fde hm jue`hm mokemzmadrm quk tnkek ke hm fmikzm.
 Hm akprmvmfnöe. Ks Fhmrkefk qunke sufuoik m hm akprmvmfnöe mh
rkprksketmr tdad kh gdrrdr ak hd quk hds dffnaketmhks sk nom`neme fdod «hm
madpfnöe akh odad ak vnam neaï`kem², kh «sdpdr rkpu`emetk² quk pdek ke

pkhn`rd hm omsfuhnenama.
hm suonsnöe fde hm qukVurkmffndeme
anslrutk lhm`rmetk ak hm fdgmintmfnöe
hms oujkrks rklhkjme hds fdetneumam
mpktntds aky
Fhmrkefk y su n`edrmefnm akhnikrmam. Fde kh tnkopd, fumead hds enýds ouhmtds
vme hhkemead hm mhakm, Fhmrkefk, kh úenfd ihmefd ak hm zdem, sn`uk
prk`uetíeadsk ak aöeak gme smhnad. Vk enk`m m frkkr hd kvnaketk: quk hd gme
vkeanad fdod skoketmh pmrm kh gmrîe.
 Hm nefdoprkesninhnama. Kh Ílrnfm ak Fmomrm Hmyk ed ks dsfurm, kstí
imýmam ak huz: hm huz vkrak y mfudsm akh idsquk, hds omtnfks rdjd ruiï ak hms
fmsms y kh tkrrked, kh mzuh «nesdpdrtmihk² akh fnkhd k nefhusd hms ksfmoms ak hms
oujkrks pkz, quk fmirnhhkme «fdod túenfms ak huem². Fdoprkeakr hds odtnvds,
hms skesninhnamaks anvkrsms ak hds mlrnfmeds (tmetd hds omhvmads fdod hds
ikeîvdhds) tme sdhd rkqunkrk akjmr ke suspkesd hm frkkefnm ke uem anlkrkefnm
nesmhvmihk ketrk skrks guomeds.
Hm edvkhm, quk aksfnlrm kh hke`umjk rkequkmetk ak hm usurpmfnöe ak uem
pmtrnm pdr pmrtk akh kxtrmejkrd, ak hm akshk`ntnomfnöe akh neaï`kem, ak hm
nevkrsnöe ak hms akomeams ak pkrtkekefnm, eds pkrontk vnvnr hm kxpkrnkefnm ak
ue ihmefd quk kon`rm m Ílrnfm, sdhd, sne trmimjd, sne mutdrnama, sne rkfursds k
nefhusd sne mpkhhnad. Ed distmetk, Fhmrkefk fuketm fde uem imzm quk snkoprk
surtk klkftd ke hds pmïsks akh Qkrfkr Ouead, quk ed pukak akjmr ak surtnr
klkftd. Ks ihmefd, anfk, y, ke fdeskfukefnm, víhnad pdr mh`úe odtnvd neklmihk
pmrm skr fdeskjkrd akh rky, mh quk jmoís gm vnstd, ke ue pmïs quk ed fdedfk,
ketrk `ketk m hm quk ed fdoprkeak en akskm fdoprkeakr. Hd quk kopnkzm
fdod hm iúsqukam ak uem pdsnfnöe ak mutdrnama, fdod hm gunam akh aksaîe ak
sus fdopmtrndtms, mfmim snkead ue netkesd prdfksd ak rkkaufmfnöe. Hd quk sk
fdesnakrm netkhn`kefnm ketrk ksds mlrnfmeds ed ks kh prkjunfnd, sned kh omtnz y hm
fmpmfnama y hm vdhuetma ak vkr, ak supdekr. Kh rkfgmzd akh kurdpkd m
rklhkxndemr fdgkrketkoketk sdirk gkfgd mh`ued, kxfkpfnöe gkfgm ak hds quk
mtmýke m su inkekstmr d su supkrvnvkefnm, hd fdeakem. Fumead pdr lne sk mirk
fmoned hm fdoprkesnöe, hd akjm akstrdzmad. Ksm nevkstn`mfnöe lnftnfnm sdirk
hms pkrfkpfndeks hnontmams ak uem fuhturm eds pkrontk fdetkophmr hm
aksrmfnmhnzmfnöe ak hm kxpkrnkefnm ak Ílrnfm quk vnvk ue dffnaketmh sne mpdyd,
prdtkffnöe en fdesn`ems ak Kurdpm. Eds pkrontk rkaksfuirnr d nom`nemr ak
eukvd hd quk supdek skr omr`nemh, ene`uekmad, supkrlhud, kxtrmejkrd2 ed dïr

Sí`nem ;0
 

euefm prdeuefnmr kh prdpnd edoirk2 vkrsk akspdjmad ak gnstdrnm d

rkprksketmfnöe2 skr omed ak dirm vkeanam d kxphdtmam pmrm ikeklnfnd ak uem
lmonhnm adonemetk, ue koprksmrnd mstutd, ue rî`noke hdfmh. Ke dtrms pmhmirms,
fdevkrtnrsk ke ue ksfhmvd ek`rd.
Ks ue kefuketrd pkrturimadr quk pukak myuamreds m mlrdetmr hms prksndeks

yprksndeks
hms lukrzms
qukakskstminhnzmadrms
pukake gmfkr qukakheds rkfdrrnad trmesoueanmh
mlkrrkods ak hdsmpukihds,
fdod pdsksds eukstrm
fuhturm, m eukstrm hke`um, y aksfmrtkods hms ak hds akoís2 quk fhmsnlnqukods
kh omh sk`úe hm odam akh odoketd2 quk hk`nshkods, kxpuhskods, makfukods,
akpurkods y jurkods hkmhtma m hds lmetmsoms y m hm lmetmsïm. ^, sdirk tdad,
ksms prksndeks pukake kopujmreds m ek`mr mh kxtrmejkrd quk hhkvmods aketrd y
m dpdekr lîrrkm rksnstkefnm m hm fdeanfnöe uenvkrsmh ak hm guomenama.
Akspuîs ak oufgms trniuhmfndeks, hm huz mfmim pdr mlhdrmr pdfd m pdfd ke
kh kurdpkd ak Fmomrm Hmyk. Fhmrkefk gmfk rkmhnama kh akskd ak fdedfkr mh
rky, pkrd m ksms mhturms tmetd îh fdod su dijktnvd gme fmoinmad. Ke fdetrm akh
fdeskjd ak hm `ketk ak hm zdem, sk mrrmstrm akseuad gmstm kh trded y lnemhoketk
vk mh sdikrmed, quk ed ks oís quk ue enýd fuinkrtd ak drd. Kh «vmfïd
mtkrrmadr² quk gmy ke su netkrndr (kh vmfïd quk hd gm prdtk`nad ak hm
rkvkhmfnöe) sk mirk pmrm rkfninr hm onrmam rkmh. ^ ksm mpkrturm, ksk
aksodrdemonketd akh ihneamjk fuhturmh ometkenad pdr onkad, ksk mftd ak
vmhdr sne prkfkaketks, ks kh prnefnpnd ak hm smhvmfnöe ak Fhmrkefk. Vu îxtmsns y
su hnikrtma. Kh enýd rky hd kstrkfgm ketrk sus irmzds y, msï mfd`nad, snetnkead kh
hmtnad akh jdvke fdrmzöe akh odemrfm, Fhmrkefk hd dyk ourourmr kstms
pmhmirms kxqunsntms ak mutîetnfm pkrtkekefnm, pmhmirms quk hk ame hm inkevkenam
m hm rmzm guomem: «´Mfmsd ed smiïms quk tk kspkrmim4².

Sí`nem ;7
 

M`rmakfnonketds

Ykfniï fde smtnslmffnöe hm nevntmfnöe ak prdeuefnmr hms Fdelkrkefnms Edrtde

ak 93=< ke hm [envkrsnama ak Gmrvmra. Ady hms `rmfnms m hm Fdonsnöe Edrtde:
Gdon Igmigm, Gmake @ukst, Vyhvmnek @uydt, Ydii Odss, Ynfgmra Ským, Krnf
Yketsfghkr, Anmem Vdrkeske, Amvna Pme` y Enfgdhms Pmtsde.
Qmoinîe qunkrd gmfkr hhk`mr on `rmtntua snefkrm m qunkeks prksketmrde hms
fgmrhms: Gdon Igmigm, Amvna Fmrrmsfd, Fhmnrk Okssua, Gkery Hduns @mtks,
Jr., Kvkhyee O. Gmoodeas y Anmem Vdrkeske.
Msnonsod,
Guomentnks akskd
Fketkr, y kerkfdedfkr
kspkfnmh kh aktrmimjd
kh akh pkrsdemh
Jdge Buhbm, akh [envkrsnty
ak Gmrvmra Omgnearm
Srkss, pdr su mtketm drnketmfnöe. Sdr úhtnod, qunkrd amr hms `rmfnms m on
myuametk, Ykeî Idmtome, pdr su fdhmidrmfnöe ke hm rkvnsnöe y hm
adfuoketmfnöe ak kstm dirm.

Sí`nem ;>
 Sí`nem ;>

Qden Odrrnsde (=>6=-93=>) emfnö ke Hdrmne, Dgnd. Mhtkreö su trmimjd ak

prdlksdrm ak Guomenamaks ke hm [envkrsnama ak Srnefktde fde hm mftnvnama
hntkrmrnm. Ke sus edvkhms phmetkö hm prdihkoítnfm ak hm pdihmfnöe ek`rm ke
Kstmads [enads, sdirk tdad hm sntumfnöe ak hms oujkrks. Luk mutdrm ak hms
edvkhms Djds mzuhks  (=>03), Vuhm  (=>06),  Hm fmefnöe ak Vmhdoöe  (=>00,
prkonmam fde kh Emtndemh Iddb Frntnfs Fnrfhk Mwmra ke =>07),  Hm nshm ak hds
fmimhhkrds  (=>7=), Ikhdvka  (=>70, Srkond Suhntzkr), Jmz  (=>>9),  Smrmïsd
(=>>0),  Modr (9336), [em ikeanfnöe (93372 Huoke, 933>), \dhvkr (Huoke,
93=9) y  Hm edfgk ak hds enýds (Huoke, 93=<), y kesmyds fdod  Kh drn`ke ak
hds dtrds  (Huoke, 93=7).  Hm luketk ak hm mutdkstnom  (Huoke, 9393) ks su
úhtnod hnird. Ke =>>6 dituvd kh Srkond Edikh ak Hntkrmturm. Ournö ke m`dstd
ak 93=> ke kh pkqukýd pukihd ekdydrquned ak @rmea \nkw-de-Guasde fde 77
mýds.
 Sí`nem <3

Edtms
 Sí`nem <=

R=_  Gmrrnkt
Ikkfgkr Vtdwk,  Hm fmimým akh tïd Qdo, trmauffnöe ak Khnzmiktg
Sdwkr, Omarna, Fítkarm, =>>7, p. =;>.

Ke mh`uems ak hms fntms ak dirms puihnfmams metkrndroketk ke kspmýdh sk gme

rkftnlnfmad krrdrks y donsndeks. Qmoinîe sk gm uenlnfmad m hd hmr`d ak tdad kh
hnird hm trmauffnöe akh tîroned ne`hîs en``kr pdr kh kspmýdh «odrked², quk,
sne skr kqunvmhketk ke hm tdtmhnama ak hds fmsds, ed prksketm prdihkoms
anmfröenfds y gm sulrnad vmrnmfndeks ke su fmríftkr pkydrmtnvd m hd hmr`d ak hm
gnstdrnm, hd onsod quk en``kr. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem <9

R9_  Nina.
Nina., p. =<<. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem <6

R6_ Lhmeekry
D„Fdeedr, «Kh ek`rd mrtnlnfnmh², trmauffnöe ak Omrfkhd Fdvníe,
ke Fuketds fdophktds, trma. Omrfkhd Fdvníe, Fkhnm Lnhnpkttd y \nam Dzdrks,

Imrfkhdem, Huoke, 933;, p. 67=. (E. akh Q.). 88

 Sí`nem <1

R1_  Nina.
Nina., p. 6>3. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem <;

R;_  Nina.
Nina., p. 6>7. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem <<

R<_  Nina.
Nina., p. 133. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem <0

R0_  Nina.
Nina., p. 1=3. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem <7

R7_ Gmrrnkt
M. Jmfdis,  Skrnpkfnms ke hm vnam ak uem jdvke ksfhmvm, trmauffnöe
ak Fmrok Omeukh, Fmstkhhöe, Khhm`d, 933;, p. 7;. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem <>

R>_  Pnhhnmo
Lmuhbekr, ¡ Mismhöe,
 Mismhöe, Mismhöe!, trmauffnöe ak O.ª Ku`kenm Aïmz,
Omarna, Fítkarm, 9333, pp. =1>-=;3. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 03

R=3_ Nina.
 Nina., pp. 6><-6>0. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 0=

R==_  Krekst
Gkone`wmy, Qkekr y ed tkekr, trmauffnöe ak Skard Nimrzíimh,
Imrfkhdem, Kagmsm, =>7>, pp. ;>-<1. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 09

R=9_ Krekst
Gkone`wmy,  Kh jmraïe akh Kaîe, trmauffnöe ak Snhmr @nrmht @drnem,
Imrfkhdem, Shmektm, =>7<, p. 63. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 06

R=6_ 
Qden Odrrnsde,  Smrmïsd, trmauffnöe ak Fmroke Lrmefï \ketdsm,
Imrfkhdem, Kanfndeks I, =>>7, p. =6. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 01

R=1_ Nina.
 Nina., p. 96. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 0;

R=;_ Nina.
 Nina., p. =6. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 0<

R=<_ Nina.
 Nina., p. 97. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 00

R=0_ Nina.
 Nina., p. =;>. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 07

R=7_ Nina.
 Nina., p. =<;. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 0>

R=>_ Nina.
 Nina., pp. =<1-=<;. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 73

R93_ 
Qden Odrrnsde, Ikhdvka, trmauffnöe ak Nrns Okeîeakz, Imrfkhdem,
Kanfndeks I, =>>6, pp. =3>-==3. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 7=

R9=_ Nina.
 Nina., pp. 6=6-6=1. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 79

R99_ Nina.
 Nina., pp. 6=;-6=0. (E. akh Q.). 88
 Sí`nem 76

R96_ 
Jdskpg Fderma,  Kh fdrmzöe ak hms tnenkihms, trmauffnöe ak On`ukh
Qkoprmed @mrfïm, Imrfkhdem, Hntkrmturm Ymeado Gdusk, 93=;, p. 66. (E. akh
Q.). 88