CLIMATE CHANGE The Greenhouse Effect
Climate change refers to a significant difference in
temperature, pressure, and wind patterns over a more
extended period.
Natural Causes of Climate Change
1. Volcanic Eruptions
There will be a short-term cooling effect of volcanic
eruptions on climate. Volcanic eruptions pump out
clouds of dust and ash, which block certain portions of
sunlight.
2. Orbital Changes
1. Sunlight reaches the earth
2. Some energy is reflected back into space
3. Some is absorbed and re-radiated as heat.
4. Most of the heat is absorbed by greenhouse
gases and then radiated in all directions,
warming the earth.
Human Activities that Cause Climate Change
Chlorofluorocarbons or CFC used as refrigerants and
in other industrial processes caused ozone layer
depletion.
Effects of Climate Change on Society
 WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) five
varieties: TYPES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
Agents Biological and Chemical devices Explosives
Incendiary Nuclear
aBC dEIN this abbreviation is employed to categorize
the five terrorist weapons of mass destruction

Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Explosive Device
Incendiary Device
Nuclear Device

Biological Agents
live organisms, originate in liquid droplets,
aerosols, or dry powders and can cause hurt or
sickness.

The Biological Weapons Convention (1972) and also

the Geneva Protocol (1925) prohibited the event,
production, reposition, or acquisition by alternative
suggests that, or retention of microorganism or
alternative biological agents or toxins, additionally as
of weapons, equipment, or recommends that of
delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for
hostile functions or in armed conflict (Article I).

Chemical Agents Explosive Device

chemical substances that act within minutes, and
folks exposed can develop symptoms promptly
The primary route of exposure for chemical agents is
inhalation. The toxicity of the agent depends on the
property of particles and the water solubility of the
gas. Massive particles and remarkably free soluble
gases within the nasopharynx, and little particles and
gases with low solubility can enter additional deeply
into the lungs. Quick removal is crucial, and antidotes
are out there for several chemical agents.
An explosive device is any substance or article
designed to explode, either by the speedy unleash of
gas and warmth or by a chemical change. Samples
of explosive devices embody home-brewed bombs,
pipe bombs, letter bombs, dynamite and military
ordinances, and fertilizer bombs.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the
United States reports that 70% of all terrorist attacks
within the world involve explosives (usual bombs)
which 3,163 bombing incidents occurred within the
US in 1994.
Incendiary Device
An incendiary device is either a mechanical,
electrical, or chemical system. It is employed to
start combustion and on purpose to set fire/burn
something else.

These devices may be advanced or straightforward;

however, typically incorporates three essential parts:
(1) a fuse or igniter;
(2) instrumentation (glass, metal, plastic or paper); and
(3) incendiary (fire-starting or flammable material).
Gasoline and rags are also used as accelerants to create
the hearth burn additional quickly and at a greater
temperature. Burns and smoke/toxic gas inhalation are
common injuries secondary to incendiary devices.

Nuclear Device
During a nuclear incident, an atomic agent is a weapon
of coercion. It'll involve the detonation (or
vulnerable detonation) of a nuclear bomb or the
explosion of a tool that options atomic materials.
Atomic agents are the least likely weapon of mass
destruction to be utilized by terrorists due to
exploiting, building, and exploiting nuclear weapons.
There can be contamination of food or other product
exposed to materials emitting radiation. General
symptoms of acute radiation syndrome embody dermal
irritation and burns, nausea, vomiting, high fever, and
hair loss.

Radiation effect

1. Acceptable Response to a terrorist incident.

2. Hospital response: Emergency,
decontamination, treatment, notification.

A. Hospital response: emergency,

decontamination
 
The following are plans the hospital must at least have
in cases of emergency.
 ∙ Bioterrorism Response Plan
∙ Decontamination Set up – PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment),

Isolation
∙ Facility Lock Down or Access Management
∙ Hazardous Materials (HAZ-Mat) Incident
∙ Mass Casualty Incident
The idea of R-IS-K, means:
 
Ready to Isolate and be Safe and make Known your
request for resources  

Exposure means the patient does not have any

residual contaminant on his/her body; however, he/she
may have inhaled or ingested the agent.
 
Contamination means that the patient has hazardous
substances on his/her body and may transfer this
substance to others; contaminated patients require
decontamination.