EGE 101 REVIEWER
MODULE 1
SOCIAL STUDIES – is the integrated study of social
science and humanities to promote effective citizenry.
SOCIAL SCIENCE – is the field of science concerned
with the studies of the social life of human groups and
individuals.
Including:
 Economics
 Geography
 History
 Political science
 Psychology
 Social Studies
 Sociology
The primary purpose of social studies is o help young
people develop the ability to make informed and
reasoned decisions for the public good as citizensof a
diverse, democratic society in an interdependent
world.
There are 4 essentials characteristic of social studies)
1. Nurtures the development of the whole
person
2. Involves relationships
3. In concern with life experiences
4. Enables the learners to critically examine and
define their values ( personal , cultural and
political)
Here is the definition from the critical study of
the subject’s
1. ( Wesley , 1951) Ang Araling Panlipunan
ay ang agham panlipunan (social sciences)
na pinagaan para sa gawaing pedagohikal
(pedagogical)
2. (Lewenstern, 1981).Ang Araling
Panlipunan ay bahagi ng kurikulum na
nauukol sa pamamaraan ng pamumuhay
ng tao at ng kanyang kapwa sa panahong
nagdaan, kasalukuyan at hinaharap
3. (Schunks, 1981). Ang Araling Panlipunan
ay ang pag-aaral ng mga tao sa kanilang
paguugnayan sa isa’t isa sa mundo at sa
prosesong kanilang ginagamit sa paglahok
sa mga gawain, pakikipag-ugnayan at
talakayan.
4. (Savage and Armstrong, 1981). Ang
Araling Panlipunan ay ang asignatura na
ang layunin ay nakatuon sa global na
pagkamamamayan; hinahango ang mga
aralin mula sa agham panlipunan,
humanidades at natural na agham; at
itinuturo sa pamamaraang naglalahad ng
personal, sosyal at kultural na karanasan
at yugto-yugtong kakayahan ng mga mag-
aaral .
5. (Marsh, 1981). Ang Araling Panlipunan ay
ang pag-aaral ng tao bilang taong sosyal
(social being) sa kanyang pamumuhay at
pakikipag-interaksyon sa kapwa at sa
kanyang kapaligiran sa isang panahon at
lugar .
6. (National Council for the Social Studies,
1993). Ang Araling Panlipunan ay ang
integradong pag-aaral ng mga piling
araling hinango sa agham panlipunan
(social sciences) at humanidades
(humanities) para sa ikagagaling ng
kakayahang sibika (civic competencies) ng
mga magaaral .
SOCIAL STUDIES (ARALING PANLIPUNAN)
DEFINED
 Sa Estados unang nalikha ang araling
panlipunan bilang asignatura sa batayang
edukasyon.
 Sa panahong Kolonyal nakatuon ang
edukasyon primarya sa estados Unidos sa
pagtuturo ng relihiyon at moralidad .
 Subalit pagkatapos ng digmaang
rebolusyonaryo sa estados Unidos nagkaroon
ng pagmimithing maisaloob at maisaisip ng
mga mag-aaralang ang pagmamahal sa bansa.
 Dahil dito sinimulan na sa mga paaralan ang
pagtuturo ng kasaysayan at heograpiya
 Nagkaroon ng digmaang sibil sa bansa at sa
pagtatapos nito nagtatag ang pamahalaan ng
mga lidreng paaralang elementarya para
muling mapagkaisa ang mga mamamayan.
 Sa panahong ito dinagdag ang pagtuturo ng
sibika (civics) sap ag-aaral ng kasaysayan at
heograpiya.
 Noong 1916 lumikha ang NATIONAL
EDUCATION ACADEMY (NEA) ng isang lupong
pagsusuri sa kurikulum sa mga paaralang
primarya .
 EGE 101 REVIEWER
LAHAT NG MGA NABANGGIT NA DEPINISYON NG
ARALING PANLIPUNANAT TUMUTUGON SA “VISION
STATEMENT” NG NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE
SOCIAL STUDIES NOONG 1995.
IMPORTANCE / RELEVANT OF TEACHING SOCIAL
STUDIES ( ARALING PANLIPUNAN)
(1) Awareness of the Environment,
(2) Helps to Develop Critical Thinking Abilities,
(3) Helps to Enhance the Social Understanding of
Students,
(4) Helps students to become better citizens.
EGE 101 STUDY GUIDE 2
MODULE 2
Every successful concept and project require a well-
planned framework and a strong foundation. These
relate to all processes including education.
The foundation of Social Studies Teaching and
learning helps young people make informed and
reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of
a culturally diverse, democratic society in an
interdependent world.
Social studies content allows young learners to
explain relationships with other people, to
institutions, and to the environment, and equips
them with knowledge and understanding of the past.
It provides them with skills for productive problem
solving and decision making as well as for assessing
issues and making thoughtful value judgments. Above
all, it integrates these skills and understandings into a
framework for responsible citizen participation locally,
nationally, and globally.
National Council for the Social Studies (1994) defines
social studies as “the integrated study of the social
sciences and humanities to promote civic
competence. Within the school program, social
studies provide coordinated, systematic study
drawing upon such disciplines as anthropology,
archaeology, economics, geography, history, law,
philosophy, political science, psychology, religion,
and sociology, as well as appropriate content from
the humanities, mathematics, and natural sciences.”
I. 2002 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM (BEC)
In 2002, the Department of Education of the
Philippines organized a new basic education
curriculum that is aimed Filipinos to be empowered
lifelong learners who are functionally literate. This
2002 Basic Education Curriculum featured four key
reforms: (1) restructured learning areas (Filipino,
English, Science, Mathematics, and Makabayan); (2)
stronger integration of competencies and values
across learning areas; (3) greater emphasis on the
learning process and integrative modes of teaching;
and (4) increased time to gain mastery of
competencies. The new learning area featured the
curriculum called Makabayan, which is an integration
of various disciplines such as Araling Panlipunan,
Home Economics, Physical Education, Health, Music,
and Arts. Makabayan aims to have a learner that has a
healthy personal and national identity.
Documents pertaining to the 2002 Basic
Education Curriculum often tell that the basis for such
curricular reform was to adapt to the changing world.
Moreover, several studies, reports, and consultations
with stakeholders were done starting 1995 in order
for the Department to design a new curriculum. At
long last, the report of the Philippine Commission on
Educational Reforms (PCER), created by the virtue of
Executive Order No. 46, recommended in its 2000
report that a new and restructured basic education
curriculum must be adopted starting 2002.
DepEd envisions its learners to be a person who is :
 makabayan (patriotic),
 makatao (mindful of humanity),
 makakalikasan (respectful of nature),
 and maka-Diyos (godly).
In order to be an empowered lifelong learner, the
Department believes that functional literacy is an
essential concept that must be incorporated in the
new curriculum.
II. THE MAKABAYAN LEARNING AREA
One of the highlight reforms in BEC is the
introduction of a new learning area called
Makabayan.
This fifth learning area is described in the BEC
document as the ‘laboratory of life,’ which provides
learning experiences that are geared towards practical
 EGE 101 REVIEWER
knowledge and life skills, particularly the skills of
empathy, vocational efficiency, and problem-solving in
daily life.
As stated earlier, Makabayan aims to cultivate
Filipino learners to have a healthy personal and
national self-concept.
This aim is realized through the integration of varied
disciplines such as Social Studies, Home Economics,
Physical Education, Health, Music, and Arts. Further, it
is stated in the BEC document that the core
competencies of Makabayan would be the core
competencies also of the said disciplines under it.
Integrated units of learning tasks will be developed
without nullifying the integrity of each discipline
within Makabayan.
The Makabayan framework works on the premise
that:
(Pagka)Makabayan (love of country) is the thematic
thread that integrates the different disciplines housed
under the learning area.
Pagkamakabayan, which is the basis for the title
Makabayan, is defined by DepEd as follows:
“Love of country, which Andres Bonifacio described
as banal na pag-ibig, serves as the highlight that
radiates the rainbow-like diversity of values in this
learning area.
Makabayan will promote a constructive or healthy
patriotism, which is neither hostile nor isolationist
toward other nations but appreciative of global
interdependence
” [1]. Further, the document states that Makabayan
can be represented in an acronym called SIKAP
SIKAP
- S is for Sibika (Civics), Sining (Art);
I for Information (and Communication Technology);
K for Kultura (Culture);
AP for Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies),
Pagpapahalaga (Values Education), Pangkatawan
(Physical Education), Pangkalusugan (Health), and
Pantahanan (Home Economics) at Pangkabuhayan
(Entrepreneurship).
A. Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies) in
Makabayan
One of the disciplines under the Makabayan
learning area is Social Studies. The rationale for
subsuming Social Studies under this learning area,
rather than being separate like Science or English, is
the aim of Makabayan to have learners who can
demonstrate deeper appreciation of Filipino culture
and patriotism.
With Social Studies as an integrated study of social
sciences and humanities drawing from various
disciplines such as :
 anthropology,
 archaeology,
 economics,
 geography,
 history,
 law,
 philosophy,
 political science,
 psychology, religion, and
 sociology,
DepEd deemed the discipline befitting to be
included in Makabayan.
At the Elementary level, the focus of social studies
is
 Civics and Culture (Sibika at Kultura),and
 Geography,
 History, and Civics (HekaSi- Heograpiya,
Kasaysayan, at Sibika).
Social Studies or Araling Panlipunan is not used as a
term rather, acronyms were utilized to denote the
focus of the study.
Details of the elementary social studies curriculum
under BEC 2002 can be found in the Philippine
Elementary Learning Competencies (PELC).
According to PELC, the goal of social studies in the
elementary level is as follows:
“Nagpapakita ng pagmamahal sa bayan at
pagmamalaki sa mga pambansang pagkakakilanlan,
at mga karapatan at tungkuling dapat gampanan;
may positibong saloobin at pagpapahalagang
nakatutulong sa pag-aangkop sa nagbabagong
panahon; may kakayahan sa pangangasiwa sa
kapaligiran, kasanayan sa masusi at mapanuring
 EGE 101 REVIEWER
pagiisip at may global na pananaw upang
makaagapay sa mga pagbabago sa daigdig”.
This lofty goal of elementary social studies is the
guide for crafting various competencies and content
topics.
For Grades 1 to 3, the study of civics and culture
focuses on three (3) major themes:
(1) Pambansang Pagkakakilanlan (National Identity);
Definition and Rationale of history
Definition
History is the study of change over time, and it
covers all aspects of human society. Political,
social, economic, scientific, technological,
medical, cultural, intellectual, religious and
military developments are all part of history.

(2) Pambansang Pagkakaisa (National Unity); and Rationale

(3) Pambansang Katapatan (National Integrity). History is a disciplined process of

investigation into the past that develops
Social Studies competencies are anchored in these
students' curiosity and imagination.
themes to guide the teacher on the content to be
Awareness of history is an essential
taught.
characteristic of any society, and historical
STUDY GUIDE 3 knowledge is fundamental to understanding
ourselves and others.
MODULE 3
METHODS OF HISTORY
Unit3. Curriculum Content in Araling Panlipunan for
PrimaryLevel Primary sources

CONCEPT ABOUT HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT convey first-hand experience of the event or time
period you’re studying.
OVERVIEW 2
Secondary sources
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10533 ENTITLED
ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION ACT OF convey the experiences of others, or “second-
hand” information; they often synthesize a collection
2013 13 of primary sources.

AN ACT ENHANCING THE PHILIPPINE BASIC

EDUCATION SYSTEM BY STRENGTHENING
ITS CURRICULUM AND INCREASING THE
NUMBER OF YEARS FOR BASIC EDUCATION,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSE Example of primary and secondary source

In section 5, The DepEd shall formulate the

design and details of the enhanced basic
education curriculum. The curriculum shall
be learner-centered, relevant, culture-
sensitive, contextualized, shall use
pedagogical approaches, shall adhere to the
principles and framework of Mother
Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
(MTB-MLE) and shall be flexible enough.
 EGE 101 REVIEWER
5 Step Processes Historian Use to Write History
1. Preliminary Research- The first step of the
Historical Method is to decide which issue to
study and conduct research for evidence to
provide information about what
happened.Questions to ask during this
step:Where would I go to research this?5 W’s
(who, what where, why, when)
2. Formulating a working hypothesis-Based on
the preliminary research a tentative
hypothesis is created on what one may
believe happened. Ex. This is a map of
Washington’s encampment at Valley Forge
3. Research for evidence to support or reject
the working hypothesis.-Continue to study
primary documents. While examining these
sources the historian must ask questions
about the event and the evidence
4. Formulate a thesis statement-Once the
evidence has been carefully examined then
the hypothesis can now become a thesis
statement.
This map was created by a French Engineer,
docketed by Louis DuPortail, and used early
on at Valley Forge as a working fortification
map.
5. Writing a historical accountThe essay usually
begins with the thesis statement and followed
by the evidence.
INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT
Legislative branch - is authorized to make
laws, alter, and repeal them through the
power vested in the Philippine Congress.
Congress is responsible for making enabling
laws to make sure the spirit of the
constitution is upheld in the country and, at
times, amend or change the constitution
itself.
This institution is divided into the Senate and
the House of Representatives.
Senate - the upper chamber of the Congress
of the Philippines, the country's legislature. It
exists to create and promote a national
perspective on national policy in order to ---
-build a prosperous, secure, honest and
democratic nation.
-24 senators
-Senate president is the highest position.
HOUSE REPRESENTATIVE
is the lower house of Congress,
the bicameral legislature of the
Philippines, with the Senate of the
Philippines as the upper house.
There are 253 representatives
elected by district. In addition,
there are Representatives elected
through the party-list system who
constitute not more than twenty
percent (20%) of the total number
of Representatives.
Executive branch - The Executive branch is composed
of the President and the Vice President who are
elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six
years. The Constitution grants the President authority
to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a
large portion of the country’s bureaucracy.
President - The President is the Head of State and
Head of Government, and functions as the
commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines. As chief executive, the President exercises
control over all the executive departments, bureaus,
and offices.
Vice – President - As the second highest office in the
land committed to the service of the nation, the
Office of the Vice President performs executive,
ceremonial, and advocacy functions, collaborating
with stakeholders and organizations in both the public
and private sectors, to develop and promote
programs that uplift the lives of the Filipino people.
Cabinet - The Cabinet secretaries are tasked to advise
the President on the different affairs of the state like
agriculture, budget, finance, education, social welfare,
national defence, foreign policy, and the like.
They are nominated by the President and then
presented to the Commission on Appointments, a
body of the Congress of the Philippines that confirms
all appointments made by the head of state, for
confirmation or rejection.
 EGE 101 REVIEWER
Judicial branch - The Judicial branch holds the power Education – without information and
to settle controversies involving rights that are legally knowledge, meaningful participation in
demandable and enforceable politics can be difficult.

Supreme court - Aside from its power of judicial

Social isolation – there is a limited network to
review, the Supreme Court of the Philippines also has
support and encourage political participation.
the exclusive power to promulgate rules concerning
the protection and enforcement of constitutional
Personal factors – people may have limited
rights, pleading, practice and procedure in all courts,
confidence or motivation to participate.
the admission to the practice of law, the integrated
bar, and legal

Political process - The process of the formulation and

administration of public policy usually by interaction
between social groups and political institutions or
between political leadership and public opinion

The three types of voting system

1. Plurality/First-Past-the-Post
The candidate who polls the highest
number of formal votes, – even if that number
is not more than 50% plus one of the formal
votes – is elected.
2. Majoritarian/Majority.
Under the majority system, a candidate
must receive an absolute majority of votes to
be elected. The Commonwealth House of
Representatives uses a majoritarian electoral
system.
3. Proportional Representation (PR)
Proportional representation systems are
used for elections in multi-member
electorates to elect candidates who receive a
set proportion of the vote.

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION - Political

participation includes a broad range of
activities through which people develop and
express their opinions on the world and how
it is governed, and try to take part in and
shape the decisions that affect their lives.

BARRIERS TO POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

Poverty – poor people are mostly focused on

survival activities; their basic needs often
need to be met first before they can
participate, so they may have limited time or
interest.