Dyeence signal

Lomparato
xj
Basle ofp &/a Xor A
Amplyien
mput oT Vo
sighal V; RL

feeotbar k
ciaauit
Va/ B
feedback su
amp.
&ehematie Tepreden taton af. -Vefoedback
as A.
Tie gan the amyiien isveppesentod
is the yato output
The gain og the ampltie
Votage Vo to the input voltage Vi.
the feodback natwgrks extracks Ve Hage V - BVo
from te oukput 4 te ampliier.
Vo
BubtactedifoVe 4eedbach rom
The votage, is
fhe Blgnal Votage Is. Nou,
VË = Vs- V B- V
Vs - B Vo Vo

the guantity is called feodback ratto o

deadback fraction:
The output Vo muwt be equal to the input voltage

Vo Vs - pY"
Vo= AVs - AYo
AVs = Vo + A B Vo
Vo ( l+ AP)
Vo
Vs
(I+AP)
Input and output Quistance -

Input Reß tance

Amplie |Samplikg Re

4 hefeedlback Sional is addod to he input in

Seaes with the pled
voitage Cvagandles
foedoack ebtain by sampling
olkage ), dhe output ununt
’
’
tÎnereases e nput
eistanoe.
Sine the foolback
input toent I; les #an
voHage V
absent. itwold be wr

input reslstanee wt
is q7eaten than the input esichane 4oodback Ri;
othout
oedback.

Ampl¡en Sampiy
hetuole RL

oehand 4 the e ed bach gnal fs ad

whether the
edbach pHained ay
output voltage Aanpng e

deeaeases the input gesistanee

 Since
he signal aonee inaeased over hWhat twould be

ho featback eunent.
Hlence, A aesistance oi4A qeedback
is dececsod .

The iefet af ve feedbach input ra'stance

dltyeznt topo log'es 4 intsoduelag Ve 4eedb aeh and
bBain Rit quanttatiely.
Deive he expoenibn Jor input eslstanee for a
Vo tago suies teedbach.

Step:1 Draw e equi valent civeuit tor Volhaye seíes ampliin.

Ro
W

Re Vo

Fig: o age Ampltiea

the volhage ssies ecdback opoleg oth amplylea
is eplacod y hevenin's model4
Ay'open eireuit otage gain. (foo Rs).
A
Since pedback ampliis eonaielea Rs to be pant
#e amp4iea and dhop the 8ubsenipt on the trane gain and
'npt esstance ( Av Avs Ri ’ Riys)
he input qesistanee toith oedback ia gyen as.
Ri Vs
Ii
 sleps obllk

slep oblain expreuion

Vo Ay V Re Nhee Ay Ay RL
Ro+RL

A epreent he opeh eacut oHage gain wlthoul

feetback akig tha Load Re into aceUat Ay e VoHage gain
SBep
Sub sttitng value y Vo 4oom equaton (S in cqu
get,

Vs

vs Ri(+ BAv)

peve the exprevsibn too input vatanee or

Senes.
gtep : the aguivalent cocuit too eunent soies
Jecdback anplies.
 kcL

R (^ Ro RL

transuondutance Ampllea
cuent
"The
t. seaies gedbact topolagy oitA
ampliier input eiseit i's represented by thevenin 's eguivalent ciruit
and onput ciruit by Norton's a, uialent eirut
the input Teslctonee wtth toedloact e gren as
RY

step 2 obtan tho expresion fors

Apolying kve to the input sfde oe get,

Vs
Vs I; Ri B To
8Bep 3: obtain the expvesion tor Io in ters t Vi
The output nent glven as
Gm Vi Ro
Ro + RL Whee Gm Ro
Ro t Re

the open ruut

epresent transonduetanee orthout
teedback and GM he
prawdnduatance
aking the Load Re nto aceount.
uoithout eedbact
Ster : obBain for Ri
Substikutig Value o
we get