Name: Vanessa S.

Molud
Professor: Dr. Leonel P. Untong
Day and Time: Sat./8:00 am-11:00 am

Lesson 3/Quiz 1

 Compare and contrast the following using a Venn diagram or any graphic organizer of your choice.

a. Quantitative and qualitative research

b. Descriptive and experimental research
c. Dependent and independent variable
A. Quantitative and qualitative research

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

- Focuses on non-numerical data and the
- Focuses on numerical data and
statistical analysis meanings and interpretations that
-Both are used to individuals ascribe to them.
- Typically involves large sample sizes
investigate research - Usually involves smaller samples
- Uses closed-ended questions questions and test
- Aims to generalize findings to a larger hypotheses.
- Uses open-ended questions
population -Both methods - Aims to gain in-depth understanding of a
- Gathered using structured involve systematic particular phenomenon or situation
instruments, such as a questionnaire and rigorous data - Collected using unstructured interviews,
or interviews which includes a rating collection and
open-ended questionnaires or
analysis processes.
scales participant observation
-Both methods
- Analysed using statistical analysis require careful - Examined for patterns or meaning,
tools, such as mean, standard planning and design sometimes through the use of coding
deviation, regression, t-test, f-test and to ensure the validity
others. and reliability of
results.
 B. Descriptive and experimental research

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

PURPOSE: It is conducted
PURPOSE: It is conducted to to determine the cause-and-effect
describe a phenomenon or situation. relationship between variables.
-Both methods involve collecting CONTROL: It involves
CONTROL: It does not involve
manipulation of variable. data manipulation of one or more
-Both methods require a clear independent variables to measure
SAMPLING: Usually involves a research question to guide the the effect on a dependent
larger sample size to generalize the research process variable.
findings to a larger population. -Both are required to have a
SAMPLING: Usually involves a
DATA COLLECTION: Uses sample or population smaller sample size to control for
observation, surveys, or existing -Both methods require data extraneous variables.
data sources to collect information. analysis to make sense of the
data collected. DATA COLLECTION: Involves
ANALYSIS: Uses descriptive collecting data through controlled
statistics to analyze and summarize -Both methods aim to draw
experiments.
data conclusions
-Both methods require ethical ANALYSIS: Uses inferential
considerations statistics to determine the
significance of relationships
between variables.
 C. Dependent and independent variable

DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

- Variable that is changed or

- Outcome or response variable manipulated by the researcher
that is affected by changes in the
independent variable -Both are used to study - Can be controlled by the
relationships between researcher
- Cannot be controlled by the different factors or
researcher phenomena. -Does not affect the magnitude
and direction of the relationship
-Affects the magnitude and direction between variables
-Both can be continuous or
of the relationship between variables categorical.
-It is what the researcher is
-It is what the researcher is manipulating to see its effect on the
measuring and observing -Both are important in
determining the causal dependent variable
relationships between
different phenomena.

-Both can be plotted on a

graph to visualize the
relationship between them.