A STUDY OF EFFECT OF CIRCUIT TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE IN BASKETBALL FOR BOYS

AGED 17 TO 19 YEARS

A
Project presented to the
Netaji Subhash Southern Center, Bangalore
In
Partial fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Diploma in

SPORTS COACHING
IN
BASKETBALL

Submitted By
SURENDRA SINGH RATHORE
Roll No. : 153 - BB - 2K22

Submitted to:
CHIEF COACH SHRI ASHFHAK
COACH SHRI VINOD P.G.
ASST. COACH SHRI KARTHIKEYAN B.V.

DEPARTMENT OF BASKETBALL
SAI NSSC BANGLORE

SESSION: 2022-2023

1
 DECLARATION

I, SURENDRA SINGH RATHORE certify that the work embodied in this

project is my own bonafide work, carried out by me under the supervision
of Chief Coach Shri ASHFHAK, Coach Shri Vinod P.G. and Asst. Coach
Shri Karthikeyan B.V. at the Department of SAI NSSC BANGLORE.

The matter embodied in Dissertation has not been submitted for the
award of any other degree/diploma.

I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred

to the research workers wherever their works have been cited in the text
and the body of the project. I further certify that I have not willfully lifted
up some other’s work and cited as my own work.

I understand that any violation will be cause for disciplinary action by the
NIS.

Date: 29-06-2023
Place: BANGALORE Name of the candidate

SURENDRA SINGH RATHORE

Roll No. : 153 BB - 2k22
Basketball trainee
coach 2022-2023

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project entitled “A STUDY OF EFFECT OF CIRCUIT

TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE IN
BASKETBALL FOR BOYS AGED 17 TO 19 YEARS”

Embodies the work carried out by Mr. SURENDRA SINGH RATHORE

himself under our supervision and that is worthy of consideration for the
award of the Diploma of sports coaching.

Mentor’s Signature
SHRI ASHFHAK
Chief Head Coach Basketball

Joint-Mentor’s Signature Joint-Mentor’s signature’s

SHRI VINOD P.G. SHRI KARTHIKEYAN B.V.
Coach Basketball Asst. Coach Basketball

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My sincere gratitude to Ms. Ritu A Pathik, Regional Director I/C, SAI NSSC
BANGALORE for giving me an opportunity to take up this study.

I am also thankful to Ms. S Hima Bindu Assistant Director (Academics) SAI NSSC
BANGLORE for permitting me to undertake this project work.

I take this opportunity to express my profound & sincere gratitude to my supervising

teacher, Chief Coach Shri ASHFHAK, Coach Shri Vinod P.G. and Asst. Coach Shri
Karthikeyan B.V. Department of Basketball, SAI NSSC BANGALORE for the valuable
guidance & encouragement throughout on the period of study.

I express my sincere gratitude to Department of Basketball SAI NSSC BANGALORE for

his sincere encouragement and the valuable help in completing this study within the
stipulated time.

I greatly indebted to my parents for their moral support at all level.

Above all I thank God Almighty for the blessing showered on me for completing this
study successfully

Place: Bangalore

Date: 29-06-2023 Submitted by:

SURENDRA SINGH RATHORE

Roll No. : 153 - BB - 2k22
Basketball trainee coach
2022-2023

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr.No. TITLES PAGE No.

1. INTRODUCTION 1-35
History Of Basketball
Basketball national and
international Basketball in India
Circuit Training Defination
Concept of Circuit Training

2. RESEARCH METHODS/PROCEDURE 36-45

STUDY
SUBJECT
SIMPLE
MEASURE
PROCEDURE
TEST
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND 46-50
4.
RECOMMENDATION
5. BIBPLOGRAPHY 51

5
 A Project Report ON

A STUDY OF EFFECT OF CIRCUIT TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE IN BASKETBALL FOR BOYS
AGED 17 TO 19 YEARS

Submitted to:
Sports Authority of India, NSSC, Bangalore
In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for
The Diploma Course in sports Coaching
Basketball

Prepared by:
SURENDRA SINGH RATHORE
Roll No. : 153 – BB – 2K22
DIPLOMA TRAINEE BASKETBALL
2022-23

6
 History of Basketball
In early December 1891, Canadian James Naismith, a physical education professor
and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School
(YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, was trying to keep
his gym class active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his
students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England
winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in
gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed peach basket onto an elevated
track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom,
and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this
proved 4 inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed, allowing
the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time. Basketball was originally
played with a soccer ball. These round balls from "association football” were made,
at the time, with a set of laces to close off the hole needed for inserting the inflatable
bladder after the other sewn-together segments of the ball's cover had been flipped
outside-in. These laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable.
Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the
game was endorsed by Naismith. The first balls made specifically for basketball were
brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball that
would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball
that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for
the "bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball
movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape
of early balls. Dribbling was common by 1896, with a rule against the double dribble
by 1898. The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by
metal hoops with backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely

7
passed through. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket; his team would gain a
point. Whichever team got the most points won the game. The baskets were
originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of the playing court, but this proved
impractical when spectators in the balcony began to interfere with shots. The
backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of
allowing rebound shots. Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his
granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was 5 nervous about the new game he
had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called duck on a rock,
as many had failed before it. Frank Mahan, one of the players from the original first
game, approached Naismith after the Christmas break, in early 1892, asking him
what he intended to call his new game. Naismith replied that he hadn't thought of it
because he had been focused on just getting the game started. Mahan suggested
that it be called "Naismith ball", at which he laughed, saying that a name like that
would kill any game. Mahan then said, "Why not call it basketball?" Naismith replied,
"We have a basket and a ball, and it seems to me that would be a good name for it.
The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York, on
January 20, 1892, with nine players. The game ended at 1–0; the shot was made
from 25 feet (7.6 m), on court just half the size of a present-day Street ball or
National Basketball Association (NBA) court. At the time, football was being played
with 10 to a team (which was increased to 11). When winter weather got too icy to
play football, teams were taken indoors, and it was convenient to have them split in
half and play basketball with five on each side. By 1897–1898 teams of five became
standard. On the historical 21st December 1891 morning the student namely,
WILLIAMRICHI click to put the ball into the basket. Basketball is a team sport in which
two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a
rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball
(approximately 9.4 inches (24 cm) in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a

8
basket 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter mounted 10 feet (3.048 m) high to a backboard
at each end of the court) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through
their own hoop. A field goal is worth two points, unless made from behind the three-
point line, when it is worth three. After a foul, timed play stops and the player fouled
or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one or 6 more one-point free throws.
The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but if regulation play
expires with the score tied, an additional period of play(overtime) is mandated.
Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or by
passing it to a teammate, both of which require considerable skill. On offense,
players may use a variety of shots—the lay-up, the jump shot, or a dunk; on defence,
they may steal the ball from a dribbler, intercept passes, or block shots; either
offense or defence may collect a rebound, that is, a missed shot that bounces from
rim or backboard. It is a violation to lift or drag one's pivot foot without dribbling the
ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The five
players on each side fall into five playing positions the tallest player is usually the
centre, the tallest and strongest is the power forward, a slightly shorter but more
agile player is the small forward, and the shortest players or the best ball handlers
are the shooting guard and the point guard, who implements the coach's game plan
by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning).
Informally, players may play threeon-three, two-on-two, andone-on-one. Basketball
has evolved to become one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.
First world basketball championship for men was held at Argentina in the year 1950.
First world basketball championship for women was held at China in the year 1954.
First Olympic games for men in the year in 1934 and for women in the year 1976.The
FIBA came intoexistence in 1932. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the
mostsignificant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity,
salaries, talent,andlevel of competition. Outside North America, the top clubs from

9
national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the EuroLeague and
the Basketball Champions League Americas. The FIBA Basketball World Cup and
Men's Olympic Basketball 7 Tournament are the major international events of the
sport and attract top national teams from around the world. Each continent host
regional competitions for national teams, like Euro Basket and FIBA AmeriCup. The
FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament
feature top national teams from continental championships

#Basketball national and international

Basketball involves approximately 450 million registered participants from over 200
national federations belonging to the Federation Internationale de Basketball (FIBA).
The monetary value of basketball is substantial, particularly in the professional
leagues, with the 30 teams in the 2004/05 National Basketball Association (NBA)
season in the USA paying its 480 players $US1.68 billion in salaries alone. With
considerable international, national, and local pride associated with winning and the
monetary rewards available, it is somewhat surprising to find very little published
research on basketball preparation and training. Basketball federations, teams,
coaches, players and support personnel are all interested in enhancing the
performance of teams and players to improve the likelihood of competitive success.
The 2003-2004 NBA regular season had an average point spread of 10.3 ± 6.6 points,
indicating that the competitive edge would not need to be large to make a difference
between winning and losing a game. A key factor underpinning the dearth of
research in team sports is the complexity of quantifying the important elements of
these sports.

The International Basketball Federation, which was founded in 1932, governs

international basketball competition, including the FIBA World Championship and

1
FIBA Women's World Championship. Contested by national teams, these quadrennial
championships have been held during the same year since 1986. Other FIBA
championships include regional titles for both national and club teams and the FIBA
World Club Championship (est. 2010). Professional basketball leagues exist in
Europe, Latin America and elsewhere.

Basketball which began from America and has been most famous in that nation has
now turned into a session of worldwide notoriety. It is played almost wherever on
the planet. Wicker bin ball is a diversion much like the one played in old
circumstances by Mayas of Mexico. Basketball was created by Dr.James Naismith in
1891. The main competition was led in the year 1892. The primary expert group was
shaped in the United States in 1899. A b ball was prior utilized. By 1941, in was
changed to the present day shaped ball. The courts have likewise experienced many
changes. The courts were little and sporadic to start with. In 1915, the National Joint
standards board of trustees was shaped to set up single code administering the
amusement.

The object of the game is to score baskets and prevent them being scored. Like any
other game, basketball too involves various factors for the success and high level
performance. But the physical, physiological and anthropometric variables have been
realized as vital trios that constitute for the excellence of this sport. Various studies
have been conducted on these aspects, which in turn have contributed at large to
sports and games. An exhibition match was played at the 1904 Olympics, but
basketball did not become an official part of the games until 1936.

#BASKETBALL IN INDIA:

In India, the game of basketball started its journey in 1930 when it was played for the
first time. The first Indian National Championship for men was conducted in 1934 in

1
New Delhi. The Basketball Federation of India (BFI), which controls the game in India
was formed in 1950. Throughout history, Indians learned to appreciate the game
because of its fast scoring and intense activity from the beginning until the end.
Nowadays, it is considered as one of the widely played sports in India. India is one
those first few countries in the history of basketball that adopted the game within a
few years of its inception and its teams actually consisted of five players on the
court.

Basketball in India is played in most of the high schools, colleges and universities.
There is considerable patronage for the game among the younger generation. Being
one of the earliest countries to adopt basketball, India has so far produced numerous
talented basketball players, who have earned recognition in the international arena.
Indian basketball players have also won several trophies for their country. Basketball
in India is mainly being run and managed by a large number of national and state
level associations, spread all over India. These basketball associations are working
with a common view of popularizing the game in all parts of the country. Apart from
that, developing the overall infrastructure for the game and uncovering new talent
from the grass root level are some of the other principal objectives of the Indian
basketball associations.

2017: In April 2017, India on track (IOT) collaborated with NBA to form NBA
Basketball Schools to train kids and teach them to play the NBA way. There are more
than 12 centers running around the country from Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, and many
more.

2019: The first ever NBA games in India took place on 4 and 5 October 2019 at the
NSCI Dome in Mumbai. The NBA India Games 2019 featured two preseason games
between the Sacramento Kings and Indiana Pacers, and marked the first time that
teams from a North American sports league played in India.

1
The India men's national basketball team represents India in international men's
basketball. It is controlled by Basketball Federation of India. The team made
significant improvements as the sports of basketball is becoming more popular.

A 1936 founding member of FIBA Asia, India has one of Asia's longest basketball
traditions. Throughout its history, Team India qualified for the FIBA Asia
Championship 25 times and is placed in the top-5 in appearances in this tournament.
Further, India's basketball team won four gold medals and one silver medal at the
South Asian Games and became the most successful team in South Asian region.
India have also won the SABA Championship five times. Team India celebrated its
victory at the 2014 Lusofonia Games after they finished the tournament with a 4–0
record as they beat 11-time African Champions Angola in the final.

Its most famous moment came at the 2014 FIBA Asia Cup with the win against home
favorites and most successful Asian team China by 7 points. This win has been
labelled as the "biggest basketball win in the nation's history."

History: 1965-1979: India appeared at the international stage for the first time ever
at the 1965 Asian Basketball Championship where it started out as moderately
competitive. India became a regular at the event and had their most successful
tournament in 1975 when the team even reached the final four.

1980-2010: Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Plagued by a lack of popularity and support for basketball at home, at times, India
faded into oblivion and only had a handful of successful performances. Its most
noteworthy tournament appearance was at the 1980 Summer Olympics when the
team got its chance to represent Asia due to the cancellations of some teams who
took part in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. A few of the
world's top basketball powers at that time (such as the United States and Canada)

1
withdrew from the tournament. India finished 12th out of 12 in the Olympics after
getting knocked out in the Preliminary Round by losing all three of their matches and
then losing all five of their matches in the Classification round.

While the results did not go India's way one game in particular caught the attention
of basketball fans worldwide. India played against the Australian Team, one of the
world's top basketball teams. India, which was made up solely of voluntary
basketball players competed against the elite team of Australia for almost the whole
game until it finally ceded to the Boomers 75-93 after leading at halftime 41–37.

Many Indian players also made headlines while in the Soviet Union as well. Ajmer
Singh gained worldwide attention as he was amongst the top 10 shooters there and
became the 10th best pivot player in the tournament there.

1990-2010: The late 90s saw the emergence of Sozhasingarayer Robinson, the first
Indian basketball player who gained considerable international attention. Robinson
led India to a surprising victory over South Korea, one of Asia's top teams.

In 2005, however, Robinson complained that the structure and support for basketball
in India was still mediocre and government officials did not do enough to support the
sport. As a protest, he retired from the national team.

2010-present: At the 2011 FIBA Asia Championship India was coached by former
Sacramento Kings head coach Kenny Natt.[16] Further, for the first time ever, India
had its own strength and conditioning coach. Even though the team lost most games,
its performance against Lebanon, which had made it to the final four at the previous
tournament, superseded expectations.

In 2012, former NBA D-League and U.S. college coach, Scott Flemming, took over the
team. Under his supervision, the team won the South Asia Championship in 2014.
India had two wins and finished 3 places higher (11th) in the 2013 FIBA Asia

1
Championship than in 2011.[17] In 2014, the Young Cagers (as team India is often
nicknamed) won the Lusofonia games with wins over Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and
Angola in the gold medal game. This was Team India's first title ever in a non-Asian
competition. In the 2014 FIBA Asia Cup India pulled off the biggest win in their 80-
year history by defeating China on their home court 65–58. The establishment of a
professional league was a major step in continuing this recent success the Indian
team had experienced. In 2011, plans for the establishment thereof were officially
agreed upon.

1
 INTRODUCTION
Circuit Training
Definition
It consists of a number of carefully selected and simple to perform exercises. That
are arranged in the form of circuit in such a manner as to enable large number of
individuals to proceed from one exercise to another without undue local fatigue and
at a work rate compatible with each person’s capacity, progression on a circuit it
measure initially by decreasing time of performance and secondly by increasing load
or repetitions.

Concept of Circuit Training

Moon tarsi 3 expressed that the game of basketball as highly skill players with the
maximum physical conditioning. It requires an athlete in the peak of condition to be
able to last the full game at all. To achieve this, today’s serious basketball player pts.
Himself through a vigorous and varied training programme. This includes drills for
developing skills, quickness, timing and some physical conditioning as well. Basketball
is one of the very fast and aggressive sports. It requires high degree of flexibility,
muscular strength, coordination, power and agility. There are many strategies like
polymeric, temporal, farther, weight training, interval training, circuit training etc.
available today for improvement of basketball performance. In this Endeavor the
researcher of this study tried to justifiably prove the effect of circuit training (need
based) with reference to enhancement of basketball performance. After lengthy period
of experimentation Morgan and Adamson (Leeds University) Succeeded in developing
an effective form if fitness training from a system of exercise at stations for the fitness
training of athlete 4.
The experiment involves the assistance of 17,18and19 yrs. Old. Pupils who during the
experiments procedure were able to verify and improvement in general physical
1
fitness

(general strength ability), endurance ability, cardio functional regulation, absorption

ability. Metabolisms, properties of will integrity 7 self-confidences.
This improvement being backed up statistically on the basis of medical tests and
practical tests administered during the exercise. They called this newly developed from
of training as circuit training.
This name being derived from the Latin (circuit) was adopted by the France and the
English and has the same meaning in all three languages: circulation, circuit,
elreumferece cycle respectively. This name “circuit training” corresponds also to the
exercising procedure itself. The word training has been part of human language seems
ancient times. For the same and takes the regular and systematic use of regular
exercise
for improvement in performance. Circuit training has proved to be a very effective
method improving physical performance. Circuit training is a method of training which
utilizes the principles of progressive resistance of loading which includes exercise with
and without weight.
The use of circuit training particularly for off session programmer in scheduling sorts
training may be recommended for athletes whose Circuit training is performed neither
with high intensity nor with sufficient test period.
This also principle is effective in improvement of maximum strength. Sports require a
high level of muscular strength, power, and levels of cardiovascular endurance. This
aim of circuit training manifests itself as the development of muscular strength in
conjunction with organic strength and fitness variables.
Circuit Training Testing My Skills at Basketball and My General Fitness Levels For
my PE coursework this year, I have taken part in a 6 week circuit testing my skills
at1basketball as well as my general fitness levels.
Before the circuit began, I took part in a bleep test, which was done so that I could find
1
out my level of fitness before the circuit began. There was no reason for me not to put
in my full and best effort towards the circuit as I do not have any major illnesses which
could hinder my chances of obtaining the best levels and scores I could.
Circuit Training Introduction I will be performing a circuit over the next several weeks.
My circuit will consist of 10 stations, which will last 30 seconds per station. After each
station I will rest for 30 seconds. I will go round the circuit twice and will have a rest of
1 minute after one rotation of the circuit (I will do that for 2 weeks, with 2 lessons per
week). I will record my results and analyze them. As we have 2 lessons a week, I
should be able to keep up with the fitness and not slack during the week (not like 1
lesson a week, where I will not get used to the extra fitness.
Most players shoot from a variety of spots on the court during the season. Some post
players may not shoot from more than 12 feet from the hoop, but even they will see
some variety in their shooting locations during a game. And all players, regardless of
position, will eventually shoot some free throws. Set up a circuit on one side of a court
with a variety of shooting locations. Players may take a specified number of each type
of shot, or they may shoot for a certain amount of time at each location. The circuit
should include some three-point shots, including at least one spot in the corner, as well
as free throws, short jumpers and layups.
To practice a variety of skills, coaches can divide the court into many different stations
at which players can practice skills such as shooting, rebounding and ball handling. If
your practice facility has baskets at the sides of the court as well as the ends, your
options increase further. For example, the circuit may include standard shooting drills
at the ends. The side baskets can be used for specialty shooting, such as free throws or
post shots, or you can set aside those areas for skill work, such as ball handling,
rebounding or one-on-one defense.
The familiar setting of a basketball court can also play host to a circuit that emphasizes
fitness drills, with basketball-specific work fitted into the basic structure.
For example, the players may perform a dribbling drill at one station, a jumping drill --
1
such as leaping to touch the rim or the backboard -- in a second area, and then
perform
an exercise, such as pushups or setups, then get up and run from the baseline to
mid-court and back, moving forward in one direction and backpedaling in the other.
Alternatively, fitness exercises or drills can be worked into a mixed basketball circuit.
Basketball players, especially high-level professionals, typically remain in top shape
year-round. Standard circuit resistance training provides a method for players to build
strength and cardiovascular fitness at the same time, particularly when they perform
their circuits quickly to keep their heart rates elevated. For example, NBA and U.S.
Olympic standout Carmelo Anthony developed a circuit of six exercises, including a
standing cable fly/chest press combination exercise; standing cable rows; a machine
push press; physio ball rear delta raises; stability pad bicep curls; and single-leg,
singlearm cable rows with triceps extension. Anthony performs 16 repetitions of each
exercise and rests for just 10 seconds between exercises. He performs two or three
circuits during his workout, resting for about two minutes between circuits.
Physical Fitness
Many coaches and players equate athleticism with physical fitness. Being physically fit
is not only essential from a health standpoint, but the components of fitness such as
Cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body
composition are equally important for the serious basketball players.
For an athlete, however, maintaining a physical capacity beyond the basic standard for
health and wellness is critical to insure a high level of performance for an extended
period of time. While fitness is an indicator of overall health, it is athleticism that
determines the level at which sport specific skills are performed, and athleticism is an
indispensable trait among the future stars of the NBA (Britten ham 1996).
Speed
• The ability to perform body movements rapidly.
• Speed is the rate of which a body can propel his body through space.
1
• Speed is the capacity of moving a limit or part of the body’s lever system or the
whole body with the greatest possible velocity.
Speed is an ability to perform rapidly successive movements over a short period of
time in a single direction. One needs speed in basketball to make hard drives to beat
the defence. Basketball players need quickness or quick reflexes, which will help for
steals and snatch rebounds. Speed not only enables the player to move from one end
of the court to another much more quickly, the players will be able to transfer much or
all of that energy into other basketball-specific movements. The three keys to
improving stride length are increase muscular power, improve flexibility in the body
joins involved in the movement and improve the mechanics of the movement (Britten
ham, 1996) Speed is a performance determining factor for almost all athletic events.
It can be developed only if there is a maximum plasticity of the cerebral cortex, which
happens during childhood and youth. Primarily the development of speed will be
through an increase in stride rate and length (Albeit, 1998). Basketball, on the other
hand, requires short and intense periods of activity, so players expend a great deal of
energy at a rapid rate. Anaerobic pathways are another aspect of cardio-respiratory
fitness, and provide energy for high-intensity activities, thus the anaerobic energy
system must also be well developed (Britten ham 1996).
Ability to change the direction of the entire body in pace with speed and accuracy.
Agility is the ability to change the direction of the body in an efficient and effective
manner. To achieve agility, one requires a combination of several athletic traits
including reaction time, speed of movement, strength, balance and coordination.
Agility
is both general and specific. It is demonstrated in such a movement as dodging, zigzag
running and changing body position quickly. Sheppard and Young (2006) proposed a
new definition of agility “a rapid whole body movement with change of velocity or
direction in response to a stimulus’'. Integrating the basketball agility drills with the
speed training programs can have a dramatic impact on the game. Basketball agility
2
drills will improve speed around the court, quickness, co-ordination and most
importantly the player’s ability to change direction with minimal deceleration.
Basketball players need agility on fast breaks, on defence, to penetrate to the basket
during an aggressive defence, or to catch up an opponent or in any act of playing this
game. So the most important ability of a basketball player should be the ability to
switch rapidly between forward, backward, lateral and vertical movements. Minimizing
the amount of declaration is a key factor improving agility. The ability to change
direction rapidly explains to a larger degree why high jumpers can leap so high. The
high jumper establishes his or her speed during the approach and then transfers this
horizontal speed to vertical lift in the last two quick steps prior to the take-off. These
same characteristics can be incorporated into movements on the basketball court
(Britten ham, 1996).
Explosive Power
Explosive power is a vital ingredient in this game. Coaches are constantly in search of
ways to improve power, most specifically the ability to jump higher, run faster, to be
agile, to make continuous passes at various lengths and speeds and ultimately to make
attempts at the basket continuously from varied lengths and speed on the court.
Power should be acquired to achieve maximum gains in developing other game specific
skills. The game of basketball requires repeated bouts of high intensity jumps and
sprints. Explosive movements like these are performed by fast twitch muscle fibres.
Meanwhile most of the power supply is coming from the anaerobic energy system. The
best way to develop these areas is a multiple set approach using moderate to heavy
resistance. Muscular power is a combination of maximal strength and speed of
movement. To increase speed of movement without reducing the resistance one needs
to increase excessive power. Because there are different phases of basketball strength
training, depending on the season, one can first build their maximal strength then
convert some of that strength into explosive power.
There are jump training techniques called ply metrics, which are great for basketball
2
players. They combine speed and strength in single movement pattern. In basketball,
the vertical jump is an integral part of the game itself. The players with superior
jumping ability are very successful in the pass and the shoot. For this reason basketball
coach would like to determine the best method to increase the height of a player’s
jump (Atkins, 2004). A powerful athlete is able to incorporate maximum force with
speed of movement. Explosive power is also called dynamic or functional strength and
should be the goal of any resistance training program. Polymeric training is an
Extremely effective way of combining speed with strength, resulting in dynamic
strength (power). Jumping, hopping, skipping, bounding,
medicine ball chest passes, and abdominal twist tosses are just a few of the hundreds
of polymeric exercises that can enhance the speed component of power (Britten ham
1996).

The rate at which one can do work or it is the capacity of the individual to bring into
play maximum muscle contraction at fastest rate of speed. The ability to maintain
equilibrium through the inter relationship between the functional and external forces.
Muscular Strength and Endurance
• It is the result of physiological capacity of the individual to sustain over a period
of time.
• Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to work against a resistance over a
long period.
• It is the ability of individual to exert force.
• Muscular strength is the maximum amount of force that can be exerted by a
muscle.
• It represent maximum of force developed in a single muscular contraction
Muscular Strength and Endurance are the ability of a muscle group to contract over an
extended time against moderate resistance. Muscular endurance is determined by
how
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well slow twitch muscle fibres are developed. Slow twitch muscle fibres can sustain an
effort over a much greater period of time. Muscular endurance is very important for
sports and who have to sustain an activity for a long period of time like basketball. The
ability of a muscle is to repeat identical movements or pressure or to maintain a
certain
degree of tension over a period of time (Nelson et.al. 1982). If one can perform
repeated, high-intensity movements without getting fatigued then his muscular
endurance is high. For basketball, the act of sprinting up and down the court over and
again will become easier, once the players improve their muscular endurance. Jumping
several times in a row with minimal loss of power is another result of training for
muscular endurance. Muscular endurance is the opposite of muscular fatigue. The
modem game of basketball requires strength - the ability to generate and exert
maximum force.
Today’s player must be ready for contact. Successful players are sufficiently
muscled to drive strong to the hoop, get shots off after being fouled, post up, “fight”
through and set picks, and establish rebounding position. Adequate strength also helps
in the prevention of injuries and is a very important fitness component. Muscular
endurance is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to contract and exert force
repeatedly over an extended period of time. Players who “lose their legs” at the end of
the game are probably suffering from inadequate muscular endurance (Britten ham
1996).

Flexibility
It may be defined as the range of movement in a joint or it is the ability to move the
body parts through their full range of motion.
Flexibility refers the range of movement of a joint of a player. It plays an important
role in the preparation of athletes by developing range of movements to allow
technical development and assisting in the prevention of injury (Hare et.al, 1982). No
2
matter what conditioning regimen one uses, be sure to utilize these basketball stretch
exercises to loosen muscles and prevent injury. Stretching is very important for an
athlete to be successful; the muscles must be able to go through a wide range of
motions. Any good stretching program will improve the range of motion of the joint,
players should definitely stretch their major muscles such as quadriceps, hamstring,
gastronomies, deltoid etc., and it is equally importance to stretch the li other muscles
also. A committed basketball player should stretch a minimum of 10 to 15 minutes per
session, two or three times per day, 7 days per week. One should stretch to the point
of moderate tension and hold for a minimum of 10 seconds then relax for 3 to 5
seconds and repeat. Spend additional time on muscles that are chronically tight. One
should perform two or three sets per stretching exercise (Britten ham, 1996)
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (V02 Max)
As basketball game consists full of high intensity workouts it was presumed that high
intensity of anaerobic exercises will also develop physiological factors to a greater
extent. Hence V02 max an important physiological factor was also taken as a criterion
measure for this study. The most basic physiological indicators of a player’s fitness and
running performance is V02 max. V02 max or maximal oxygen uptake is a measure of
how much oxygen the body can process to produce energy. It is measured in millilitres
of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute - ml/kg/min. When a player
increases his running speed his body demands more and more energy to keep him on
pace. To produce all of that energy the body uses up a lot of oxygen. Maximal oxygen
consumption (V02 max) is the maximum capacity to transport and utilize oxygen
during incremental exercise (Bouchard et.al 1999).

Skill Performance
Apart from the physical and physiological criterion measures skills play an increasingly
vital role in the quest for victory of any game. There are a number of skills involved in
the game of basketball like passing, dribbling, shooting, rebounding, half court
2
pressdefense, full court press defence, zone defence, screening, weaving, drive-in etc.,
In this study some of the basic and important skill performance variables were also
taken up for the study.
A good basketball team must have every player on the court, should perform the skills
perfectly, so that the team can benefit. Of course, players will not be able to do these
skills, unless they practice themselves. That’s why it’s so important for players to
practice these basic skills throughout their playing career. There are lot of drills, which
will enable the players to learn the advance levels of these basic skills.
Basketball is unique among sports in that there are fewer specialists or one-
dimensional
athletes in the game. Each player must be a total player. Football has field goal kickers,
baseball has designated hitters, and soccer and hockey have goalies. But basketball
players, although they may excel in certain areas of the game (for example, three-
point.
shooting, rebounding, defence), must have a wide array of skills. Multiple skills are
essential to play the game effectively.
Every basketball player should be able to
• Pass and receive the basketball,
• Make the transition from offense to defence and from defence to offense,
• Rebound offensively and defensively in relation to their position (appoint guard,
for instance, is not expected to rebound as much as a post player),
• Play good defence, and
• Blend in with the other four players.
But a coach should not expect each player to have equal ability in aloof these areas.
Therefore, a coach must help players develop and strengthen their abilities, then blend
these attributes into the best possible team structure. First the coach must identify the
skills that are needed, then position the players where they will be most effective
(Morgan Wooten with Dave Gilbert 2003).
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It is the learned ability to bring about predetermined result with maximum certainty,
often with the minimum outlay of time or energy or both.
Passing
Passing is one of the most important basic skills that all players should have. If a player
cannot pass the ball effectively, then he will not be successful on the court. Passing is
also important because there no faster way to move the ball around the court. With
clear, crisp and quick passes one can beat the defence on the court. Passing is one
important skill, which will certainly speed up the game. To make effective passes one
need a good peripheral vision and without making good passes a team can never be
successful.
Dribbling
Dribbling skills is a most important skill which helps a player to penetrate the defence.
A player needs good hand and eye coordination in order to excel in dribbling skill. A
player who is coupled with good speed and agility along with good dribbling skill is the
one who can be a treat to watch. It is a great skill and it differentiates the best from
the ordinary players. A basketball player without proper knowledge of fundamental
skills like foot work and basic dribbling skills cannot excel in dribbling.
Shooting
Shooting is the most important skill in basketball. Shooting is the more attractive skill
than any other skill. Shooting is one important reason why people are attracted to
watch this game. Without mastering this skill one cannot be said as a complete
basketball player.
The sole purpose of playing the basketball game is only to score a basket by
shooting the ball at the opponent’s basket. So this skill should be considered as the
major skill to be mastered by any player. Mastering this skill in a player’s career shall
be said as a perfect icing on the cake. Learning how to shoot a basketball more
effectively is a progressive process that requires specific and conscious actions that will
2
help to improve both power and accuracy when shooting a basketball. The key is to
practice these fundamentals persistently and consciously up until the point they
become automatic. Shooting is a complex skill. To master the art, a player should not
only learn the biomechanics of shooting but also need to work on to improve the
strength, endurance and explosive power to enable a player to sustain in the
competitive world.
Defensive Movement
Defensive movement is another major skill. All the players need to improve their
lateral movements.
Sliding is the drill to improve the defensive movements. A player needs to
have strong legs to make quick and continuous defensive moves. If any team does not
possess this skill then no matter how good they are in the other areas, they will
certainly lose their grip over the match. A good player will be having proper defensive
movements; he will be able to follow the cylinder principle who will ensure that player
finishes the match with a minimum number of fouls against his name.
There are several other skills to be developed for a person to become a complete
player.
Some of the other important skills are post play, zone defence, man to man defence,
half court press, full court press, weave, tactical training, strategies, game plan, etc.,
SPORTS TRAINING
According to Hardayal Singh (1984), Sports training is a process of preparation of a
sportsman, based on scientific and pedagogical principles for high performance.
Training is now universally recognized as a scientifically based and systematized
programme, which is fundamental to the pursuit of high-level performance in sports.
All sports have drawn the attention of the maximum number of sports scientists and
coaches to devise new training methods in order to achieve optimum performance.
Due to this, a vast variety in the approaches to devise training loads had been made,
and this has created a situation where players, in spite of following different methods
2
of training have attained comparable levels of performance. Various systems of
exercises for physical development have been emphasized by experts. Most often
players select any one system based on the information available to them.
Some people adopt the athletic method of conditioning mixing exercises from a
number of systems without any clear idea of potential outcomes. Hence, there is a
need to identify clearly the scope of each system of training, detraining and retraining
programme as well as the possible advantages of preparing a schedule of the training
programme from the various systems. As a training season develops, comprehensive
conditioning work for strength and endurance will gradually form a transition into an
emphasis on power with a substitution of intensity for volume in determining the total
training load. Training is an effective antidote, against weakness. In the vast play field
of life, the sports galaxy of players rests entirely on the foundation called ‘Sports
Training’. When training progresses, the demand for aerobic energy increases and the
number of size of muscle mitochondria also increases. So that in these ‘Chemical
factories’, where aerobic metabolism takes place becoming larger and more
numerous. This will enable the players to provide more energy from aerobic
metabolism. There are three steps in the adaptation process. The first step involves
creating the need for more aerobic energy.
Training must be sufficient in both duration and intensity to accomplish this. The
second step is to provide proper nutrients to build and repair mitochondrial tissues.
The third step is that, the players must be given enough rest to build and repair those
tissues.
Finally, it will be necessary to increase the duration and intensity of training to create
further adaptations once plateaus occur.
According to Harre (1982) sports training is a process of athletic improvement, which
is conducted based on scientific principles and through systematic development of
mental and physical efficiency, which enables athletes to produce outstanding athletic
performance. Training should be concentrated mainly on the development of the kind
2
of condition that is required for the specific event concerned. Coaches have to use a
variety of physical exercises and forms of workout, especially in training programmes
in order to develop the essential prerequisites of high athletic efficiency.
TRAINING DEFINITION
It is systems of exercise so assigned as to reach a maximum developing effect in the
condition of full control of the process of perfection constitute the methodological
foundation of sports training.
Training Seasons
Pre-season training phase is the period of eight lo ten weeks prior to competition in
which training programmes are designed to increase the capacities of the energy
systems to a maximum extent that are predominant when performing a specific event.
In-season training phase is the period where the athlete achieves the top form and
maintains it as long as required. High amount of training is devoted to the tactical and
strategically preparation. The in-season or competition season is characterized by a
high frequency of competitions, which should be in order of increasing difficulty.
Offseason phase of training programmes is usually non-specific. This season is
relatively shorter than other seasons and aims at complete physical and physiological
recovery.
The volume and intensity in this season should be such that it guarantees active
recovery as well as it is sufficient to maintain the training state.
Pre-Season Training
The pre-season training is the base creation for better performance in the
competition.
The various performance factors are developed sequentially in this period. The
preparatory period is characterized by an increase volume of load as compared to the
intensity of the load Hardayal Singh (1984). According to Neal (1969) the pre-season
training is the time to perfect skills, work on fundamentals, and ponder strategy and to
strive for high level of conditioning for a specific sport. The pre-season training
2
programme is a stepped up programme of conditioning with emphasis on
strengthening the muscles involved in the sport and improving the players’ endurance.
This programme should lead to a gradual improvement in physical fitness with
the peak being reached during the season. Reilly (1990) has considered the pre-season
training as highly important as it includes programmes of fitness training, which
improve the aerobic power, and endurance capacities of players. Coaches should have
a more circumspect approach towards pre-season conditioning and introduce a
balanced programme of exercise. Kriese (1989) has insisted that a good pre-season
training programme should develop muscular endurance, which will enable the body
to recover much faster after a day with the same level of excellence. It is essential for a
player to follow a good flexibility programme every day to relax the body to guard
against injuries and to alleviate soreness from previous performance. A comprehensive
and through the programme of physical training will enhance a player’s performance,
increases confidence, improves technique production and develops his athletic ability
to its maximum potential. Hardayal Singh (1984) had divided the pre-season training
into three phases having different aims and contents. The first phase is aimed to
increases the load taking ability of sportsmen to regain the previous training state and
to develop the general phase for future performance. The volume of training is sharply
increased.
In this phase, more stress is made on the development of general and overall body
strength, general and basic endurance. The technique training aims at relearning of
skills and learning of new skills. Very less work needs to be done on conditioning and
technique efficiency. Theoretical sessions should be held for informing rules, latest
tactics and systems followed and various ways and means. During the second phase,
the performance factors, which are directly related to the specific event, are given
more stress like endurance and leg strength of a footballer. Harre (1982) has stated
that the volume of general exercises should be reduced in favour of the most effective
special exercises. The technique should be stabilized mainly by workouts specific to
3
competition. The volume and intensity of the load are a further increase. The volume
of tactical training also increases, but it is less compared to conditioning and
technique. In addition to theoretical knowledge individual, positional and fundamental
tactics are started.
The third phase aims at direct preparation of the sportsmen for the competition
period and maintenance of the previously developed training state. Integration of all
the performance factors is done so that the sportsmen can participate in the
competitions with success. The volume of load is gradually reduced and there is a
rapid increase in intensity of load. In technique training atomisation of the skills is
done and the ability to apply learnt skills under the difficult and competition situation
is developed. In addition to theoretical sessions, group and team tactics are
developed. The volume of tactical training is increased considerably. Matweuew
(1981) has insisted that the preseason training should be done in meson-cycles. Each
meson-cycle should aim at the improvement of only 2-3 factors and at the
maintenance of other factors. The mesocycle system must be set up according to the
aim of the training, available time, the state of performance and with the special
features of the particular sport. The load dynamics in the preparatory period is
arranged in such a way that the volume increases
initially and intensity increases in the end. It is further emphasized that to develop load
tolerance a training period of one or two weeks must be devoted to threshold loads so
that the adaptation processes are generated with sufficient intensity.
Frequency and Duration of Pre-Season Training
Hardayal Singh (1984) frequency is the number of times a motor stimulus (repetition)
is given. Frequency of stimulus and intensity are inter-dependent. The higher the
intensity, the lower will be the frequency and vice versa. The duration of the
preparatory period can be from about six weeks to 7-8 months. The duration is mainly
determined by the macro-cycle, training state of a sportsman, age of the sportsmen
and means and methods of training. For the present study, since the subjects are
3
college level players who have basic fitness and skills, for the specific pre-season
training, the frequency of training taken as six days per week and duration of twelve
weeks. Two sessions per day are necessary to allow for the large volume of training.
Post- Season Training
After the trail programme, the investigator will conduct the Post-Test for recording
improvement if any as a result by the, circuit training programme.
The assistant employed to take measurements will be also oriented on the objectives
of the study prior to the experiment and their co-operation in getting accurate
measurement was elicited. All the Necessary instruments and play field facilities were
kept ready prior to the commencement of each test.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is well known that circuit training is effective in enhancing performance in almost all
sports activities. Several research reports support the abatement. However, little
information is available about effect of circuit training directly on basketball skills.
Moreover, no information in this on Indian boys especially for the age group 17 to 19
years is not available till date.
It was therefore, considered appropriate by the research scholar to investigate
effectiveness of the circuit training for the promotion of skills in basketball, to attain
this purpose following problem was selected,” a study of effect of circuit training
programmer for the development of performance in basketball for boys aged 17
to19 years”
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following objectives will contribute for the study.
• To determine whether the circuit training can improve the Dribbling performance
in Basketball.
• To find out the effect of circuit training on performance in Basketball.
• To determine the ability to shooting in basketball with the circuit training

3
HYPOTHESIS
• Circuit training programme will not enhance shooting accuracy in Basketball.
• Circuit training programme will not enhance Dribbling ability in Basketball.
• Circuit training programme will not improve the performance in Basketball.
LIMITATION
• The researcher hoses no control over the diet, life style infirmities and use of
medicines of the selected subject of the experimental group.
• The researcher will not restrict the other activities done by the subject in the
scheduled six weeks programmer.
DELIMITATION
• The period of training was delimited to six weeks only.
• The study was delimited to the selected circuit training programs
• The study delimited to Johnson’s basketball skill test only.
• The subject was confined to the Inter College Basketball boys players aged 17
to 19 years.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result obtained this study will guide to various coaches and physical education
teacher to encourage to apply circuit training for promotion of skill performance in
basketball.
• On the basis of findings of this study various other research scholars may
conduct similar studies to improve shooting accuracy in basketball.
• This study may be helpful to the Basketball players and related professionals
about the importance of training.
• The study will help physical education and Coaching to prepare the appropriate
training programme by incorporation circuit training programme and
development skill in Basketball.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
• It is the capacity of an individual to perform specific physical task involving
3
muscle efforts. The definition of health-related fitness involves exercise
activities that you do in order to try to improve your physical health and stay
healthy, particularly in the categories of cardiovascular endurance, muscular
strength, flexibility, muscular endurance and body composition.
• The 5 components of physical fitness that are most important, directly related to
one's health, and can be directly measured are: cardiovascular endurance,
muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
• Physical fitness is a general state of health and well-being and, more
specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily
activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition,
moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest.
MOTOR FITNESS
It may be defined as readiness or preparedness for performance with special regards
for big muscle activity without undue fatigue. It concerns the capacity to move the
body efficiently with force over a reasonable length of time.
There are five components of physical fitness you need to consider:
• Muscular Strength. This is the "power" that helps you to lift and carry heavy
objects.
• Muscular Endurance. ...
• Cardiovascular Endurance. ...
• Flexibility. ...
• Body Fat Composition.
MOTOR CAPACITY
It may be defined as the general overall quality which is indicative of an individual’s
potential or innate ability.
The invention of valid and adequate test of general intelligence marked the beginning
of a greater increase in the scientific control of research in classroom education and in
more satisfactory methods of classification for school work. In addition, these tests
3
offered to thoughtful teacher a tool, the results of which gave a rapid and relatively
accurate measure that could be obtained in a day and which has been proved to be for
more valid than teacher’ estimates made after years this excellent tool by applications
for which it was never intended and by interpretations that were weird in no way
detracts from the usefulness of the discovery.
As the ordinary intelligence tests are really tests of general abstract intellectual
capacity, so this is a test of general innate motor capacity. In this term the word,
“capacity,” indicates that the test attempts to measure not so much developed ability
as
innate potentialities- the limit to which the individual may be developed. The word,
“motor,” is used primarily in the sense of the neuromuscular and only secondarily in
the sense of the psycho-motor. In other words there is no attempt to measure what
might be called “athletic smartness” but rather to measure capacity to learn new skills,
as well as to measure the more distinctly large- muscle capacities involved in potential
strength and speed of muscular contraction. The word,” general,” indicates that these
motor capacities measured are the basic fundamental ones that apply to almost all
motor performance. There is no attempt to measure specific skills and abilities.
MOTOR ABILITY
• This is an excerpt from Motor Learning and Development by Pamela Haibach,
Greg Reid, and Douglas Collier. Distinction between Skill and Ability. Abilities are
genetically predetermined characteristics that affect movement performance such as
agility, coordination, strength, and flexibility.
• Gross motor skills are involved in movement and coordination of the arms, legs,
and other large body parts and movements. They participate in actions such as
running, crawling, swimming, etc. Fine motor skills are involved in smaller
movements that occur in the wrists, hands, fingers, and the feet and toes.
• It is defined as the present acquired and innate ability to perform motor skills of
general or fundamental nature, extensive of highly specialized sports or gymnastic.
3
 Blue Prints of subjects distribution

Selection of variables and tests

Dependent variables
After reviewing the available literature and discussion with experts the following
dependent variables were chosen for the Pre-Test and Post-Test:
□ Basketball throws for accuracy test
□ Field goal speed test, and,
□ Dribble test
All the test items above had being selected from the Johnson’s basketball skill test.
Independent variables
The student of experimental group will be exposed to practical exercise of circuit
training programme. The following exercises will be incorporated in the circuit training
programme, will be taught to the experimental subjects.

1. Bent knee sit ups.

2. Bench stepping and
3. Dumbbells triceps extension
4. Medicine ball toss
5. Jump squats
6. Push ups
7. Rope skipping
8. Medicine ball forearm toss
CRITERION MEASURES
The following criterion measures will be included to record the reading of various
test items of Johnson’s basketball skill test:-
□ The score going to be availed from field goal speed test will be
recorded in points:
□ The data going to be collected from basketball throw for accuracy test
will be recorded in terms of points
□ The performance score in dribble test will be also recorded in points.
The above measures have been presented in table-3.3
Skills Scores

3
Accuracy in basketball throwing Point
Speed in scoring goals Points
Efficiency in drabbing Point
Table-Skills and criterion of measure
Reliability of test
Johnson’s basketball skill test will be used to measure the speed, accuracy & dribbling
skill of the subjects and standardize tools for the same will be used.
DESCRIPTION OF BASKETBALL SKILL TEST
Basketball throws for accuracy test
Purpose
To measure the strength of shoulder and the ability to throw consistently
76 | P a g e
Facilities and equipment
A target area, a space of 50 sq.ft.
Kensal divider k. (1996) test & measurement. New Delhi center point print processJain
Nuveen (2003) plays& learns basketball Delhi. Chawla offset printers
Procedure
The student will stand behind a line 40 ft. from the target and throws higher a
basketball on hook pass to the target for 10 trials.
Scoring
Score 3 points for every ball hitting the center of the target or on the inner line
Score 2 points for balls landing ball in the middle rectangle and line.
Score 1 point for balls landing in the outer rectangle or on the line a total of 30 points is
possible.

FIG: Basketball throws for accuracy test

SPEED TEST
Purpose
To measure the ability to make successive field goal under the stress of time.
Facilities and equipments
Basketball goal, basketball and stop watch.

Procedure

3
The students will throw as many baskets as possible from either side of the ring, close
under the basket for 30 seconds.
Score
One trial of 30 sec will be given &, one point is scored for every basket.

Dribble test
Purpose
To measure ball handling ability and agility of the player.
Facilities and equipment
An area of at least 40 ft in length chains or hurdle can be used as hurdle or obstacles a
ball and step watch.
Procedure
The test is started from a line which is 6 feet long at 12 from the first obstacle. The
student dribbles the ball in figure, 8, facing around the obstacle for 30 seconds. They
continue with a second trip if time is remaining when he returns to the starting line.
Score
One point, for every area passed, i.e. 1 point every time student passes the end of a
hurdle.

Testing personnel:-
One trained tester can administer this test, score as well as record the time.

3
 FIG:Dribble test
DESCRIPTIONS OF INTERVENING EXERCISES FOR CIRCUIT
TRAINING
The independent variables in fact were the intervening exercises. These exercises were
performed as a stimulus of circuit training for a total period of 6 weeks. The description
of each exercise has been presented below.

Bent knee sit up

Start in a lying position with feet flat on the floor, hands on the side and the legs bent at
the knee, the abdominal muscles of the subjects are tightened and the figures of the
hands are hooked behind the neck and bring the chest close to the thighs and the
forehead to the knees then the subjects gets back to the starting position and repeats the
same.

FIG:Bent knee sit up

Bench stepping
The subject stands erect facing a 12 inch bench, the subject faces one foot on the bench
and goes a step up by placing the other foot beside it then lower the foot and place first
3
on the floor and then the second foot and then repeat, the subject makes that he extend
each leg completely on top of the bench.

FIG: Bench stepping

Dumbbells triceps extension

The subject stands straight with holding one dumbbell in one hand on top of his head,
the dumbbell is lowered slightly till the triceps muscle flexed with tight and firm grip as
soon as triceps is flexed completely he has to extend his hand and make the hand look
straight.

FIG: Dumbbells triceps extension

3.7.4 Medicine ball toss

4
Start in allying position flat on the back and the knees drawn up, the ball is tossed over
the chest at a good control angel as the ball descends in to the hands the arms are
slightly flexed, as soon as the ball is the ball is caught the ball is push back up as
quickly as possible.

FIG: Medicine ball toss

Jump squats
The subject stand in a semi crouched position, hands by the knees and feet are kept at a
comfortable distance, the subject jump up forcefully, 17to 19 inches by swinging arm
forward high over the head and with a comfortable landing it is repeated over and over
again.

FIG: Jump squat

Push ups
Place the feet and hand on stable surface hands up to shoulder width, the legs are kept
straight and the arms extended completely drawing the shoulder back. The subject
lowers himself slowly to the starting position and then repeats.

4
 FIG: Push ups

Rope skipping
Stand in normal jumping position, jump with the rope simultaneously, jump high
enough to clear the rope, keep the elbows to the sides and use the wrist to turn the rope.

FIG: Rope skipping

Medicine ball forearm toss

The subject lies flat on the back and knees are drawn up, the subject is placed beyond
the range of the head so that the forearm is doing the wiper. The ball is pushed up with
the forearm and as the ball descends the subject catches the ball and then again repeats
the same.

4
 FIG: Medicine ball forearm toss

PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY

1. The researcher selected 40 students from Saradar Balbha Bhaea Patel Inter
College Gangpur up and they were divided in to two equal groups group A and
group B of 20 subjects each.
2. The researcher selected 32 students from Janta Janardhan Inter College up and
they were divided in to two equal groups group A and group B of 16 subjects
each.
3. The researcher selected 54 students from Chandra Shekhar Azad Inter College
up and they were divided in to two equal groups group A and group B of 27
subjects each.
4. The researcher selected 60 students from Janta Inter College, Barewan up and
they were divided in to two equal groups group A and group B of 30 subjects
each.
Group A will be treated as experimental group and group B as control group. After PreTesting the subjects of
the experimental group will be undergoing 6 weeks training
programme, whereas the control group did not receive any special training, after the
specified 6 weeks training programme the entire test will be re administered for PostTest data collection.

Table-3.4
Training schedule for six weeks
DUMBELL
MEDICENE
BENT S
BENCH MEDICINE PUSH ROPE BALL
Week KNEE SIT TRICEPEX
STEPPING BALL TOSS UPS SKIPPING FOREARM
UP TENT
TOSS
ION
INTENCITY
REPITITION REST REPITITION REST REPITITION REST REPITITION
OF LOAD
1m
I 25% 5 1min. 10 1min. 4
in.
1
II 25% 5 1min. 10 1min. 4
min.
1
III 75% 15 1min. 30 1min. 12
min.
1
IV 75% 15 1min. 30 1min. 12
min.
1
V 100% 20 1min. 40 1min. 16 min.
1 1 1
VI 50% 10 min. 20 min. 8 min.

TRAINING PROGRAMME
Pre-Test
The subject will be assembled and oriented to the objectives and requirements of the
project. The procedure of the taking scores of the test item will be demonstrated to
them and trial measurement will be taken.
With the respect to measurement of skill test, standard method will be used, the subject
will be allowed to practice such performance so that the initial measurement will be
reliable avoiding learning effects the subject will be motivated to exhibit their best
performance on impressing them with the importance of development in the
performance.

4
Training programme
The Training programme with circuit training exercises will be imparted only to the
subjects of the experimental group after organizing the pre-test prior to the actual
commencement of training programme the subjects were explained the role of the
circuit training in basketball demonstration of each exercise will be given in great detail
each circuit training exercise will be performed in 8 set , each set lasting for 30
seconds in between each set was slow but later on subjects could do more reputations
in 30seconds.
The training programme selected for the experimental group consisted of eight circuit
stations adoration of 6 week, was considered sufficient for adaptation of the body
system to the exercises load this is based on the conclusion of hare detract et al.
It has been indicated earlier that load cannot be raised in a linear way i.e. from day to
day but is maintained at certain level, say for two to three weeks, and the put stronger
demand so that the increased load can be felt suddenly.
The volume of stimulus was fixed at 2 repetitions of all the eight exercises (with three
sets each) for three days alternatively during the first 2 week, s. the load will not be
increase in stages for the first four week, the volume of training will be increased and
the other factors kept constant i.e. two repetitions will be increased to 11-13 repetitions
in 20 seconds.

In 1st and 2nd week ,8-10 repetitions in 30 second , in 3rd and 4th week’s 12-15
repetitions maximally in 30 seconds and in 5th and 6th week’s 15-18 repetitions
maximally in 40 seconds, thus repetitions of exercise will increase after every two
weeks.
The training will be imparted for a period 6 weeks on regular days (Monday, Tuesday
Wednesday, Thursday &Friday) for 60 minutes each day, the circuit training included 1
to 8 skills to improve their basketball skill. However, in the remaining days the subjects
were used to play basketball one hour from 7-8 am. The programme schedule has been
pre programme schedule has been presented in table 2 & weekly programme schedule
is presented in table 3
Training programme Time
Warming up 10min
Circuit training 35min
Rest 05min
Limbering down 10min
Total 60min
Table-: Training schedule of circuit training programme

Post-Test
After the trail programme, the investigator will conduct the Post-Test forrecording
improvement if any as a result by the, circuit training programme.
The assistant employed to take measurements will be also oriented on the objectives of
the study prior to the experiment and their co-operation in getting accurate
measurement was elicited. All the Necessary instruments and play field facilities were
kept ready prior to the commencement of each test.
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE USED

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The data was analyzed primarily by using various software for inter and intergroup
comparison, T-Test and its various scale value were used to find the relation between

mean, and to test the hypothesis, if we consider a sample of size n drawn from a

normal population with mean µ and if for each sample we compute t, using the sample

mean and sample standard deviation s, the distribution for t can be obtained.

We establish a null hypothesis and if our computed t is greater than the

tabulated t, we reject the null hypothesis.
Where = sample mean,
µ0 = hypothesized population mean,
n = sample size and
s = standard deviation of the sample measured by the formula:
The null hypothesis to be tested is whether there is significant difference between

and µ.
3.11 Purpose of Control Group and Experimental Group
An experimental group is the group in an experiment that receives the variable being
tested. One variable is tested at a time. The experimental group is compared to a control
group, which does not receive the test variable. In this way, experimental groups are us

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 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary
Sports represent the human culture. Sports are generally classified as a part of our
culture in different ways in several areas such as Sports performance, physical
education, rehabilitation sports, fitness and leisure sports, adventure sports, etc, each
area of sports caters to the requirements and demand of particular sections of his
society and important then the area. The Principal aim of performance sports is to
prepare sports person for giving high sports performances.
Coaches and physical educationist today are continuously with the task of improving
the performance of the players with the task of improving the performance with the
help of specialized training games and sports for achieving high level of performance at
national and international levels, the systematic training and conditioning of players
play a vital role.
The status in Basketball reveals an upward trend in the performance. Which clearly
indicates that physical educationist, and coaches have been working hard in the field of
research to find new methods of training so as to maintain players on top for long
period of time by achieving peak performance.
The present study aims to find whether Basketball performance can be developed with
the help of circuit training programme. The investigator is of the opinion that the
quality of traditional training has to be radically altered to enable or to attain
consistency of peak performance for long period. various training method has been
used for the improvement of the performance, they are interval, weight training,
fartlek, etc. however, regarding the efficiency of circuit training may have better
significance for enhancing top performance of a basketball player. This assumption has
difference of opinion and infect it has no real experimental evidence especially for the
Indian basketball players. Therefore, the research problem. "A study of effect of
circuit training programme for the development of performance in basketball for
boys aged 17 to 19 years" has been studied with the following objectives to conduct.
□ To determine whether the circuit training can improve the
Dribbling performance in Basketball.
□ To find out the effect of circuit training on performance in Basketball.
□ To determine the ability to shutting in basketball with the circuit training
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programme.
The present researcher formulated the following hypothesis which can be tested
satisfactory:
□ Circuit training programme will not enhance shooting accuracy in basketball
□ Circuit training programme will not enhance Dribbling ability in basketball
□ Circuit training programme will not improve the performance in
basketball The study was conducted by considering the following
significance:
□ The findings of present study will be helpful to the sports coaches to
understand the utility of circuit training programme while preparing Basketball
team.
□ The study will help physical educators and coaches to prepare the
appropriate training programme by incorporating circuit training programme
□ The study may give appropriate opportunity and encouragement
and encouragement to the interested personnel to conduct further
studies.
□ The study will help the coached to see the useful of circuit training to
improve basketball performance.
The researcher uses simple random group design in the present study. The
subjects were randomly assigned into two group. One group has been designed as
treatment group and one as control group. The subject was examined pre and Post-Test
methods.
A sample of junior boys Basketball players were selected from various schools
of UP. These subjects were randomly divided in two equal groups (Group A and Group
B). Group A was treated as Experimental group and Group B as Control group. All the
subjects were clinically normal the mean, height and weight of the sample were 17 to
19 years.
The variables measured were
Basketball throws for accuracy test, which was administered to assess shooting
accuracy in basketball.
Field goal speed test, which was administered to measure performance in basketball for
making maximum number of basketball under stress of time.
Dribble test was conducted to determine whether the circuit training can improve the
Dribbling performance in Basketball.

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After selections of the subjects they were exposing to pre-test with the above
mentioned dependent variables.
The circuit training was commenced immediately after the pre-test was over.

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 The training was imparted to the experimental group only for a period of six weeks.
From Monday to Saturday in the morning. During the experimental period the subjects
did not involve themselves in any other activities vigorous in nature other than that
training programme which was imparted to them.
The researcher explained the subjects about the actual technique of sand running, its
importance and demonstrated the method of performing it. The training schedule was
divided as follows.
Exercise Time
1. Warm up & stretching
□ Slow jogging 5 min
□ General worm up 15 min
2. Circuit training exercise 30 min
3. limbering down 10 min
Table B : Training schedule for Experimental group
The intervention of Circuit training for a period of six weeks contributed to enhance the
level of performance of Junior Basketball Players.
There is a considerable difference between control group and the experimental
group and the variable shows significant change when we test the hypothesis for the
four samples under the study.
In some students, the entire three variables under study is shooting accuracy,
Field goal speed test and Dribbling skill can be altered with the help of training and in
others only one could be improved.
Altogether, it can be concluded that the entire three null hypotheses is refuted
and therefore Circuit training programme will improve the player’s performance
in basketball.
Experimental groups of almost all the samples showed changes in performance
in the variable and as many other factors like personal ability, stress, physical
appearance capability of handling pressure etc. also affects the performance. So we
may interpret that Circuit training programme will surely enhance the shooting
accuracy, Field Goal Speed and Dribbling ability of the players in basketball.
Recommendations
The study recommends that Circuit training can be used as a suitable means to improve
the level of Basketball performance.
□ The results recommend that Circuit training muse be incorporated in
the training of Basketball.
□ This study also recommends that, as Circuit is effective to Dribbling

4
performance, it can be incorporated in the training especially during camps,
regular training sessions.
□ This study acclaims that, these types of circuit training programmes
enhances the effectiveness of Field Goal speed Test, and therefore this types of
training must be included in the regular training sessions.
□ These circuit training programmes must be repeated within a fixed span of time
of about 10 or 15 days which would otherwise create a fatigue environment for the students.
□ Various advantages of attending these circuit programmes must be shared
with the students, so that they may actively participate in these types of
exercises.
□ Either students must be taken to different colleges of trainers from
different colleges must be called on for these training programmes so as to
create some innovativeness in it.
□ It is very necessary to check that students must give their 100% effort
during exercises and skills practice. They must not slack off when they are
tired, and they must never miss a workout.
□ Students must be prepared to be externally motivated and are needed a
push to practice these exercise with intensity.
□ The quality of training programmes must be maintained at high outcomes
since only good quality of training program will improve their efficacy.
It is recommended that further studies be conducted to verify these
results using perhaps a longer period of circuit training with greater practice
session per day. Thus great need of additional studies is emphasized.
Conclusions
On the basis of the above, the results can be concluded as follows:
□ The intervention of Circuit training for a period of six weeks did
contribute to enhance the level of Basketball Free Throw performance of
Senior Basketball Players.
□ Though some dependencies is countable, the intervention of Circuit
training for a period of six weeks did contribute to enhance the level of field
goal speed test performance of Senior Basketball Players.
□ The intervention of Circuit training for a period of six weeks did
contribute a lot to enhance the Dribbling ability of Senior Basketball Players.
□ Only SaradarBallabh Bhai Pate Inter College, Gangapur, U.P, has shown

5
the significance nature for circuit training programme on Field Goal Speed
Test

5
thereby getting the hypothesis accepted rest all hypothesis are rejected.
□ All the hypothesis that calculated t value for all the three variables in
this sample is found to be quite large than the tabular value of t indicating
that there is a significant difference between the two population under
study.
Thus signifying the impact of training on controlled group and experimental
group after the training programmes.

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BIBPLOGRAPHY

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