Electric Susceptibility -

Capacitors and Capacitance

T+ tound thad he electc poauzation P A Capac tor is a system o two Conducors
Adirecty, popononado h e esctHve electi e 4ielcd
elialectic. Sepahctecl by an insulabr. I+ is a n avanqememt for
(E)in a polaizeal Stonng, large qmouns o e c t i c charge and henme ekchmta
enegyin a Small spac2
P E P
Pinciple oh Capae tor -
P XE Lets Cons oler an' nzlateo meted plate A.
to this plate, t its
where X is a Constant Le Semme posihve chauge be given
Potenta become max+mum.
Gnd is pron ounud aschi'.
A
X CaLd electric Suseptibility
o the odelectic.
The electic Susephbily
distibeA {he electncal behavisou EHechve Electnc feld ina
oa di electic polaizsd ulectHe is -
For um E = Eo - E ounde
Cb )
Nouo Consjeler another inslate metod plade Bhld near
dieechie
h dloes tha elechic i e insio a
the plode A. By, mduction a negotive chageis poduted
CBSE decrease whun d i s placrol in am extanal on the neaher ace o B md poas hie chage
an equa
Lots develops on the fakther taca B
electric helol ?
earth. The
B to
plad in extena
Nouo Conneet fhe plate
plwhn a dielecie is an
polaisai o n o h a
elielechie imduced positve change m B being ree
imduced nagahive chenge
fouo
on B, howeye
*o
ield the hield Causes
slirechon. Thus
Thhe
is to posiHve chatge o n A
oucng a eld in thhe oppos1te decreases.
Stys o au it boumd
b,
insiode ha sielectie
on
induceo negaive chage
thenatelecticeld Due to he
redueeo Thuus
a
geT
potetia of A is areatiy to A to rai s e
ount ok Chatge Can be iven
to the maxImum potetial.
nn
Hence e concluole h a t he Copautana o
Concdutor s increased consioleiably "by
mAlated Conodluètor.
t an
niaA uncha1geol echthid
bHng2
This is he pinci ple o Capactor.
Electhcal Capactance Parallel Plate Capacitor
The abity o a conductor to sBore. electie
A Darll plate Capautor Consst o two in
Chage Callud leticad Cpautane Comducting plates ! anol 2, ench o Qa Ahald parallei
c h a s g e a given to tha Conductor Yaises s potentiad to each "othev Sutable distama dapat
by V +han t is toumo that
= Cv The plates ase sepahoted by Swtaechange
lensity
w here C is a Conotomt calltd ectco Capadtance. an insudahng mdium ike
ai popë , mica, l a etc.
,
rea
A
I unit o Copacitanca - Farad when a change +a is
A Conductor qiven to the insuded plade. 1,
ohen a chakge o
said to have
1 Coudomb
a
cabecit, arad
raAses t s pötekthial by
h n a chasge -i s induud
on the neaker faCe oplade 2,
voH.
Capacity of an Isolated Spherical Conductor swtae chasge dansity o
plate 1 omo 2 he Omd
Let a
change is given rouncled
to a sphese ,
As the sphte behaves as i
n he Tegion between the plates sepaateol
the enMre thaqe s Conunhratesd +
at the bCur | vacuumelectie Held irdensity us
So the contre
potentialet
demy Point on
On
the. s w f a o the sphde id E
V
416Y I E s the elecie tield het ween the plate
thanthe potential cdexence v betwean thi plates
As C = CC 4T EY V
E xd =
Copact o eah So the Capacity o paallk ploate Copouter -
we Can Calculade electical Capauty o eam,taia
C C
it 4o be a
conducting sphse o Yadiu = 6uoo km-
C 4TT&Y xi0
9XJo
71 E X 6X
hus the Caba ty e eaTth is ony 7 UF.
Thaefore Capautance will be noYmally in nanotarao C =¬ A
(nF nd pitofarao PF).Faracd toD biq a unut d
Caba utane
 when hue s avacuum betweRn the ploty
So
V AEK
a Capautey naving ha change 2 n its platea with Sothe Copautan C with dlielectic betwean
change densh hen
h e plcdes
E, E VoE, C A C KEA
AEcK
Now Consides a d electHc is inserted betweon KEoA
+he plates whch uly occuPHng he
intenvening region. Or
C
Here k = Callud the dielectrie Constand o} +he
substamcA
Drelect ric So h a t c k Co
v E
whan dielectic is imtroduced, the fiel between
the plat o the Capautor de creajes by kDu do
tohith
v decreases by a facoT o K. h implies mat
the Cpactamca increaseb K
The oelectieis polariseo bq the eld with Sutoce
Chage densities TP mo - P at the sufae ot he Dele ctie Cemstan ot a madium dinad as
eielectic. o the nat Suface charse density on the pledes the Yotio o t a Capaitanta Hhs capacítoY uitn
is (o - Te). the dueleche ad the mmedaum o
elechic Jts Capatan
th fina feld inaiele the didectric with vacuum betuean s plade3
E
amd h potentid una betwean th plats is -
V= E d = CL,d
orneas cuelec tmes we expect P t be
Popobtional foEo e to a Thus Cr-aP)
propokhonal to Cmd we Can wute -
K dielectric Constend
- P amd K>1
 Combination of Cabacitor
in Series
Capacitane f a Parallel plate capacitov li Capacitors
oith dielectric slab Capau hes t , C mol C3 aa
a
-
Three Capautors o
Connectec in seies Vs petenhal d ne abhlied
The Capautmea o a paallu plte Capactar
A' omd
across h Cembination
oplate ahea plate sepahaton d with vacuum C
oY Cu Imbeawean is -
Co EoA
Suppose # a the changes on the Copadtor plades
which poduca a unitorm elechic tield E in the space -V V, V
D
between the plotes V
Dielechic TeC ve3 the same
n seie Combi naion each Copautor
slab ieandt, So
Chage o As hehe Colbaches ana
the potenhal dieANU3 across h e thre CapautorsS
ane d e m t
V V vs
E TCs us ha otal Caþactante o Combinetion tHAn
V
whan a dideetric slab o thicknes t <d mtoducud As tota potentio drop v across +the Combinahion is the
betee t h plades, the mocwes in the slab a t
Dolaize in he olurection oh E sum o potendiad drops V V2 md V3 s o -
inside the dieleotic V Vi+V2 Va
Thenehore the eechve tield
oudsiole the dialeatie tieo remains E. omy
Than e, potentia diheenca etwean the two plates
for n Capaators Connected in Seies, total Capacujame
VE(d-t)+Et Would be
V
E.d- t)+ Et
 Stored in Capacitor
i) Copacitors in Parallel EnergY
The e a A Stored in a
Capautor hL Same
Latthree Capactors C4 Ca omd C3 ae Connected as th woK done to bui ld ufP he Chge on the
in parald omd V be t h potenial siljerenco across plates by ex ter nal SourCa Cbatery). o vol tagge.
4he Ctmbindi on. hwo plates e
Let tha he Cabaci tor ase initially
uncharged Now h e Chage transerred o on
plate in vey amalt instalments of dz and eguad
oppesithe chalaa inducas o h e o h e plate
++
V
So th e chaeB on the CapecAtor coill be
At ay intermesliate stag4 , Suppose charga
2 Cv cmd Q3 C3V plete is and on ohun plate is -
C V on cm
So h u tota chasge tm the Capacitors 'Potential dihheranca betwean the
plates =
Sn cll amound in ivng adduthona
woK cdone an
Let Cp be h e èquivalent Capautane in Paiollu Chanaee dq to the Capac tor
w
thn CpV Cv +C2V2+ C3V Tota work done in givng chwge to the Capacutor
CP CC +C2 +Cs
then Y CapaCItors ae Comnectesn aallel hen
W
Cp This rorK is stored n the
form o potertial ens U.
U W
as = Cv CV Q So h e Can Onte-
Jule
Common Potentia CI
(i) han tuso Capacitrs chanaeo
to denRrt potenhals ase Connectes
in parolle with their posi Hve plates
a c n point amo negaive plate at
V
omo the point by a Cndluchng oire, A C
Then
t
Change low fm pom
highn potential to the
fhe ome
othea
ct loboe potenha.
The low oj Change Contnues V2
t l heir potenhals become egual.
The equal potenthal oh the twd Capacitors Callud
Common potental.
Common Abtenlial = Tota chasge
Total CopaCa tg
V _CV + CaV2
C+C
(ti) whan the twd (opautors ane onnecteo with the
pobtve plate o one capacrto to the negative plate o
o her Capauto Y, thN
C
Common Atefiel =Total change
Tota Copaca ty
V
C V CV-CV2
C+C
V?