Turbine

Q1. A reservoir has a head of 40 m and a channel leading from the reservoir
permits a flow rate of 34 m³/s. If the rotational speed of the rotor is 150 rpm,
what is the power of the turbine? (Take g = 9.81 m/s²)

(a) 14.34 MW

(b) 13.34 MW

(c) 12.34 MW

(d) 11.34 MW

[ESE 2021]

Q2. Hydraulic efficiency of Francis turbine is

(a) Directly proportional to velocity of whirl at inlet and inversely proportional

to net head on turbine

(b) Directly proportional to velocity of whirl at inlet and net head on turbine

(c) Inversely proportional to velocity of whirl at inlet and net head on turbine

(d) Inversely proportional to velocity of whirl at inlet and directly proportional

to net head on turbine

[ESE 2020]

Q3. A turbine develops 7225 kW power under a head of 25 m at 135 rpm. The
specific speed of the turbine will be nearly

(a) 245 rpm

(b) 225 rpm

(c) 205 rpm

(d) 185 rpm

[ESE 2020]

Q4. A hydraulic turbine develops 5000 kW under a head of 30 m when running

at 100 rpm. This turbine belongs to the category of

(a) Pelton wheel

(b) Francis Turbine

(c) Kaplan Turbine

(d) Propeller Turbine

[ESE 2018]

Q5. Consider the following statements regarding turbines:

1. The main function of a governor is to maintain a constant speed even as the

load on the turbine fluctuates

2. In the case of pelton turbines, the governor closes or opens the wicket gates

3. In the case of Francis turbines, the governor opens or closes the needle valve

4. In the case of a Kaplan turbine, the governor swings the runner blades
appropriately in addition to further closing or further opening of the wicket
gates

Which of the above statements are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 2 and 4 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1 and 4 only

[ESE 2018]

Q6. A penstock of 1 m diameter and 5 km length is used to supply water from a

reservoir to an impulse turbine. A nozzle of 15 cm diameter is fixed at the end
of the penstock. The elevation difference between the turbine and water level in
the reservoir is 500 m. Consider the head loss due to friction as 5% of the
velocity head available at the jet. Assume unit weight of water = 10 kN/m3 and
acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2. If the overall efficiency is 80%, power
generated (expressed in kW and rounded to nearest integer) is _______.

[GATE 2016]

Q7. A hydraulic turbine has a discharge of 5m³/s, when operating under a head
of 20m with a speed of 500 rpm. If it is to operate under a head of 15m, for the
same discharge, the rotational speed in rpm will approximately be

(a) 433

(b) 403

(c) 627

(d) 388

[GATE-1999]

Q8. Water turbines may be put in the decreasing order of specific speed as

(a) Propeller turbine, Reaction turbine, Impulse turbine

(b) Pelton turbine, Francis turbine, Kaplan turbine

(c) Reaction turbine, Impulse turbine, Propeller turbine

(d) None of the above

[GATE-1988]

Q9. A hydraulic turbine develops a power of 104 metric horse power while
running at a speed of 100 revolutions per minute, under a head of 40m. Its
specific speed is nearest to one of the following:

(a) 100

(b) 628

(c) 523

(d) 314

[GATE-1997]

Q10. An impulse turbine

(a) Always operates submerged

(b) Makes use of a draft tube

(c) Operates by initial complete conversion of pressure energy to kinetic energy

(d) Converts pressure head into velocity head throughout the vanes

[GATE-1994]

Q11. Which of the following is CORRECT to maximize the efficiency of all

reaction turbine?

(a) Angle of absolute velocity vector at outlet is 90°.

(b) Blade angle is 90° at Inlet

(c) Blade angle is 90° at outlet

(d) Guide vane angle is 90°

[SSC JE 2017]

Q12. A turbine generates the power of 150000 kW while working at the speed
of 300 rpm at the head of 100 m. What is the specific speed of the turbine?

(a) 300

(b) 340

(c) 367

(d) 452

[SSC JE 2017]

Q13. Which one of the following is correct for Impulse turbine?

(a) Always operates in submerged condition

(b) Converts pressure head into velocity with the help of vanes
(c) Operates by initial complete conversion of kinetic energy
(d) Operates by initial complete conversion to potential energy
[SSC JE 2017]

Q14. The specific speed of a turbine is speed of an imaginary turbine, identical

with the given turbine, which

(a) Delivers unit discharge under unit head

(b) Delivers unit discharge under unit speed
(c) Develops unit horse power under unit head
(d) Develops unit horse power under unit speed

[SSC JE 2016]
Q15. In the selection of turbine by specific speed or head, which one of the
following statements is not correct?

(a) For specific speed 10 – 35, Kaplan turbines

(b) For specific speed 60 – 300, Francis turbines
(c) For head 50 – 150 m, Francis turbines
(d) For head above 300 m, Pelton wheel
[SSC JE 2016]

Q16. What are hydraulic turbine. Describe different types of hydraulic turbines
with their characteristics and suitability of use, differentiate between ‘Pelton’
and ‘Francis’ turbines.

[ESE MAINS 2016]

Q17. Explain the function of governor in Impulse type of turbine.

[ESE MAINS 2011]

Q18. A Pelton wheel develops 3500kW under a head of 120 m with an overall
efficiency of 85%. Find the diameter of the nozzle if the coefficient of velocity
is 0.98.

[ESE MAINS 2011]

Q19. A reaction turbine having inlet diameter as 1.0 m and rotational speed 400
rpm has flow area 0.25 m2 at the inlet and is working under a head of 65 m.
Flow is radial at the outlet. Compute the hydraulic efficiency and power
developed by the wheel taking velocity of flow at inlet as 8.0 m/s and velocity
of whirl at inlet as 25.0 m/s.

[ESE MAINS 2010]

Q20. Find the hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton turbine operating under a head of
350 m, with a discharge of 15 m3/s.

The other data are:

Speed ratio Ku = 0.46

Coefficient of velocity Cv = 0.985

Vf2 = 0.9Vf1 and φ = 20°

[IFS 2017]

Q21. (i) Sketch the general layout of a hydropower system with a reaction
turbine.

(ii) A reaction turbine is supplied with water through a 150 cm pipe (penstock)
(e = 1.0 mm) that is 40 m long. The water surface in the reservoir is 20 m above
the draft tube inlet, which is 4.5 m above the water level in the tailrace. If the
turbine efficiency is 92% and the discharge is 12 m3/s, what is the power output
of the turbine in kilowatts? Use f = 0.0185, g = 9.81 m/s2.

[IFS 2018]

Q22. A dam turbine has runner diameter of 5.0 m. The turbine is rated at 11
MW under the head of 100 m at 120 rpm. The power efficiency is 88%.

(i) Give the definition for specific speed of the turbine.

(ii) Compute the specific speed.
(iii) Compute the discharge required to run the turbine.
(iv) Determine the torque developed by the turbine runner.
Specific weight of water = 9810 N/m3.

[IFS 2016]

Q23. A Kaplan turbine has following features:

Outer diameter of runner = 4.5 m

Hub diameter = 2.0 m

Guide vane angle at outer edge of blades = 59°

Inlet blade angle at blade tip = 19°

The hydraulic and overall efficiencies are 0.92 and 0.90 respectively. If
discharge through turbine is 120 m3/s. Determine the speed and power
developed by the turbine. The discharge at outlet of the runner can be taken as
axial. Take unit weight of water as ϒ = 9.79 kN/m3.

[IFS 2011]

Q24. A vertical shaft Kaplan turbine operating under a head of 10 m has a

runner diameter of 9.5 m. At maximum efficiency the turbine runs at 50 rpm
and develops 4500 kW of power discharging 540 m3/s of water. Find the value
of unit speed, unit power, unit discharge and specific speed of the turbine.

[IFS 2002]

Q25. A Pelton wheel turbine develops 5520 kW power under a head of 240 m at
an overall efficiency of 80%. The turbine is running at a speed of 200 rpm. Find
the unit discharge, unit power and unit speed assuming peripheral coefficient as
0.46. If the head on the same turbine falls during summer season to 150m, find
the discharge, power and speed for this head.

[CSE 2017]

Q26. A turbine develops 107 kW running at 100 rev/min under a head of 7.6 m.

(i) What power would be developed under a head of 11 m assuming the

same flow?
(ii) At when speed should the turbine run?

[CSE 2018]

Q27. Why are the characteristic curves needed for a turbine? What are the
various types of characteristics curves? Show a typical constant head
characteristic curve between unit speed and unit power for a Pelton wheel
turbine.

[CSE 2016]

Q28. It is required to choose a suitable turbine for hydropower generation for

the following data:

Available head = 300 m and discharge = 6.25 m3/s. A runner speed of 200 rpm
and maximum overall efficiency of 85% can be adopted.

Determine the diameter of the runner. Assume the specific weight of water as
10,000 N/m3.

[CSE 2013]
Q29. A Kaplan turbine is working under a head of 75.0 m with a speed of 160
rpm. The rate of flow for the turbine is 200.0 m3/s. The diameter of the runner is
6.0 m and diameter of hub is 3.0 m. The turbine is developing 90000 kW power.

Determine:

(i) Flow ratio

(ii) Speed ratio
(iii) Specific speed
(iv) Overall efficiency

[CSE 2011]