I N TR O D U C T I O N .

F U LL o f ro ma n ti c i i it udes is t he s t o ry o f C a lc ut t a
v c ss

a s t o ry o f s t ra n ge ev en t s muc h h ero i s m a n d n ot a li t tle

,

o f t ha t bl un deri n g t hrough th a t ha s ma rked B ri t i s h

en t e r p ri se i n al l p a rt s o f t he g l obe The v ery na mes
.

a ro un d us h a ve ea c h th eir a d v en t ure t o t ell F o rt W illi a m

c a l l ed ,
like it s p red ec es s o r a fter t he D utc h Ki n g o f
,

E ng l a n d a n d li n k ed i mpe ri s h a bly w i t h t he fa me o f Cli v e

, ,

a n d the c row n i ng mer c y o f Pl a s sey G a rd en R eac h o n ce ,

s t ud d e d w i t h t he ri v ers i d e v ill a s of me rc h a n t p ri n ces -

Pa rk S t reet t he d eer p a rk o f old S ir E lija h Imp ey

’

-
, ,

w ho s e n a me th a n k s t o N un coin a r a n d Ma c a ula y w il l
,
-

n ev e r be fo rg o t t en ; K a lig h a t th e l an di n g s t a g e o f t he
,
-

ri m o dd es s o f t h e c i ty ; t he M a h r a t t a D itc h el o q ue n t o f
g g ,

w a r s a n d rumo ur s o f w a r s ; W ri t ers
’
B uildi n g s t h e n ur ,

s e ry o f p ro co n s ul s ; O c h te rlo n y s C o l umn to t he ho n o ur
’
-

o f a n A meri c an bo rn S ep o y Ge ne r a l ; a n d l a t es t
-
but n o t ,

l ea s t t he m a rbl e repli c a o f Holw ell s mo n umen t t o h is

,
’

fell o w s ufferer s in t he B l a c k Ho l e O th er memo ri es o f the

-
.

p a s t h a ve peri s h ed w h et he r fro m t he r a v a ges o f t i me o r

,

t h e i n c uri o us n es s o f t h o s e in o ffi c e G o n e is t he f o res t
.

g l a d e a t B e l v ed er e f
,
o r a l l th a t i t d e s e r ve d t o li v e a s t he

s t ag e w he r eo n Ha s t i n s a n d F r a n c i s met in mo rt a l en
g
'

c o un t e r . N o r ma y po s t eri ty ga z e upo n t he g r ea t B oy t a
c o n n a h tr ee w he re t h e fo un d er o f C al c utt a s a t p ulli n t h i
g a s

h oo ka h a n d po n de ri ng upo n t he po s s i bili t i es o f a s et t l e
men t a mid t he ma r s h es VV ell es le y t he mag n i fi c en t li v es
.

ag a i n i n h is Go ve r n men t H o us e but w e s h a ll l oo k i n v a i n
,
ii I N T R O D U C T IO N .

fo r t he dj ut a n t bird s o n ce a fa mili a r fea ture o f t he

a ,

C a l c utt a la n d s c a p e a n d bo ld en o ugh t o a n n ex eve n t he li o n

a n d un i c o r n o n t he s t a t ely f a c a d e The n a me o f Creek .

R o w is a ll th a t i s l eft o f t he Cr eek w hi c h ra n a h un dred

y a rds fro m D a lh o us i e S q ua re a n d upo n w h ose ba n k s a n
Ar me n i a n c en t en a ri a n w h o di ed a few y ea r s a go remem
, ,

ber ed s eei ng bo a t s N o t a v es ti ge rema i ns o f t he o l d

.

Fo r t like t he goo d men a n d t rue w ho d efen d ed it a ga i n s t

Ser a j ud D ow l a h it h a s fa d ed a w a y i n to n o thi n gn es s
- -
, .

An d as w ith me n thi n gs s o w ith ma n ne r s Life i n

a nd ,
.

C a l c utt a is n o l o nger w h a t it w a s in t he goo d o ld d a y s .

Th en t he C a p uas o S eml a h a nd W hot a ka mun d

h a d n o t been i n ven t ed a n d o ur fo rbea r s to il ed ye a r i n a n d
,

ye a r o ut w ith o ut t ho ugh t o f fli t t i n g t o t he hill s o r es c a pi n g

'

t o E ur o p e o n pri v il ege le a v e Th en w a s t h e Aug us t a n

.

Age o f J o h n C o mp a n y Th en s a h i bs w ere s a hi bs ve ri
.
,

t a bl e l o rd s o f c rea ti o n a n d i n t erl o p er s w ere i n te rl o pe r s

,

a n d t h e ex ile i n I n di a ma de t he c o un t ry h is h o me Th er e .

a re s o ma n y s a hi bs n o w a d a y s th a t th ey h a v e c ea s ed t o b e

v en e r a bl e o r w o n d erf ul : a n d t he ba bo o h as been t o
E n g l a n d a n d ba c k a g a i n Co uld w e o n ly s h ut o ur eye s
.

a n d p eo ple C a l c utt a w ith t h e de n i z en s o f a c ent ury a n d a

q ua rter a g o w h a t a pro c es s i o n o f he roes a n d h ero i n es

,
’

w o uld file befo r e us Th ere g oes Hi c ky t he

. t r ue b o rn
,
-

”
E n g li s h ma n fa t he r o f t he C al c ut t a Pr es s h urryi n g t o
, ,

t he c o ffee h o us e t o c a tc h th e l a te s t s c a n d a l fo r t o mo r ro w s
’

G a z et t e. H a rd upo n h i s h eels t h ere c o mes i n t o s i g h t

po r t ly s elf s a t is fied
-
P a dra J o h ns o n ro l li n g i n h i s ,

p oc k et t he go ld mo h ur s he h a s ea rned by c el eb ra ti n g a
w ea l t hy ma rri a ge He is medi t a t i n g n o d o ubt s o me s o ft
.
, ,
 mm o n uc ri o x . ii!

s peech fo r th a t g rea t l a dy t he B eg um w h o ow n s hi m a s
, ,

h e r f o urth h us ba n d fo r he h a rdly h eed s t he S a l ut a ti o n o f

,

h on es t C ud bert Th o r n hill t he ei gh teen th c en t ury S i n ba d

,

w h o is e n di n g h is d a y s a s M a s ter Att en d a n t o f t he P o rt .

Th ere s p eed s t o t h e As s embly r oo ms a l o ng Ta n k S q ua re

-

t h e l a c q uer ed p a l a n kee n o f bea ut if ul M i s s S a n d e r s o n , t he

be ll e o f t he s et t l emen t e s c o r t ed by s i x t een a tte n d a n t

,

bea ux i n her li v ery c o l o ur s : t h ere h ob n o b i n M i ss i o n R o w

t h e t ri umv i r a te o f E a s t I n di a n n a bo bs F r a n c i s Cl a v e ri n g, ,

a n d M o ns o n . In B ho w a n ipo re t he B a rw ells s it a t di n n er
w i th t he w h o l e h o us e o f Ch a mber s a n d t h e l a di es a re ,

p e l t i n
g t h e g e n t l e m en w i t h b r ea d pi l l s o la m o d e d e

B en g a ls . Z o ffa n y is a t h is ea sel fin is hi n g h is ca n v a s o f
t h e La s t S uppe r a n d bo rr o w i n g w i t h i mp a rt i a l h a n d t h e

fea t ures o f fri en d a n d foe : w hil e his bro th e r a rt i s t H o d ges

H
i s o ff t o ea t t h e a i r i n h is c o un t ry buil t c ha ri o t w i t h
-

t h e bo y co llec t o r Cl ev l a n d dulc e dec us o f t he e a rly c i v il

-
,

se rv i c e . Th er e M a c ra bie i n c o m pa r a ble di a ri s t a n d fa i t h
,

f ul fri en d is d eep in c o n v ers e w ith Ch a rl es W es t o n t he

, ,

g e ne r o us a n d t h e g oo d ,
w h os e p o rt r a i t ha n g s to d-a y i n

S t J oh n s v es try r oo m a n d c h a lle n ges a tt en t i o n by r ea s on

’
-
.

o f i t s s t ra n ge he a dg ea r . Th ere mi s s i o n a ry K iern a n der ,

i f t h a t s a d j a d e R umo ur s a y s tr ue is , og li ng fro m the

”
p pu l it w i t h t w o ri c h a n d f a t l a di e s o f h i s c o n
g gr e a ti o n .

A h un dred o th er s h a d o w s bec k o n t o us a c r os s t he dim v eil

o f y ea rs . W e s eem t o s ee D r Ty s oe S a ul H a n c oc k w ith
.

g o l d ca n e a n d s n uff bo x l i s t en i ng t o Geo r e B og l e s
-
’

g
st o ri es o f n ew ly ex plo r ed Ti bet a n d Ti ret t a o f Ti re t t a s
’
,

Ba z a r fa me dra w i ng h is g rea t l o t t ery a n d pr a yi n th a t h e

g
ma y w in t he g ro s l o t hi ms elf . B i bby M o tte fro m her
IV IN TR O D U C TIO N .

Ha s ti n gs t he L a d y Govern es s a n d M a d a m Gra n d th e ,

g o d d e s s o f b e a uty c ha t s idly w i th L a w y er Fa rrer w h o

,

p lea de d in v a i n fo r N un c oma r s l ife befo re th ei r lo rd s hi ps

’

o f t h e Sup re me C o urt .N ubkis s e n h eedles s o f t he w i do w

,

c a rri ed off t o s ut t ee p a s t h is d oo r i s h a rd a t w o r k pre a r

, p
in g a n a utc h fo r t he p a tri c i a n s o f C h o w rin g hee an d Co un
c il Ho us e S t r e et . O n ly h er e a n d t h ere a fa mili a r o bj ec t

g r e e t s t he e y e . T h e l o n g s tr ea m o f i
p g l r i ms o n th ei r

w a y t o ba th e in t he s a cre d ri ver a n d t h e M oo rman s h o uti n

g
his H us o n Ha w s o n a t M o h urrum ti me r emi n d us t h a t
-

w e a re i n t he un c h a n g i n g E a s t B ehi n d t h e p a l a c es t h a t
.

fri n ge t he ma id a n l urk t he s a me ba z a r s a n d bus tees a s to

“
da y , Lo ll Ba z a r a n d j o h n B a z a r w i t h ,
th e i r
”
bo ut iq ues a nd B a l a so r e bea rers C h o w kyda rs
,

a nd c oo li es . Y et be fo re w e c a n s ummo n up t he gh o s ts
,

o f t h e s uc c ee di n g gene r at i o n s t he g l a re o f t he p res en t
,

c o mes s w i ft ly to bli n d us t o t he g l a mo ur o f t h e p a s t A
.

n e w C a l c ut t a is ri s i n
g i n o u r m id s t T h e t.a lk is a l l o f a n

A n gl o I n di a n H a us s ma n n w ho is t o tra n s fo rm the teem

-

i n g I n di a n q ua r t e r O n ev ery h a n d t he elec t ri c c a r a nd
.

t he el ec t ri c fa n t ell o f t he a d v en t o f a n ew era S urel y

. ,

t h e oc c a s i o n c o uld n o t be mo re o pp o rt un e fo r en li s ti n g a

p a t ri o t i c i n t eres t i n t h e s c en es a n d s i t es w hi c h c on f ro n t
ea c h o n e o f us i n o ur d a ily r o un d fro m t he t o uri s t i n his
,

ti c c a gh a rry t o t he c i t y ma n
-
_
-
in h i s bro ug h a m ? And
t o t h o s e w ho k n o w he r w h a t c a n t h ere be mo re f a s c i n a t i ng
,

th a n t he Ci t y o f Pa l a c es ? Le t us w ho h a v e li v ed in C al
c ut t a a n d l ea r n t t o l o v e her l ea ve t o o t hers t he s o rry
,

pl ea s ure o f proc l a i mi ng her i mperfec ti o n s upo n t he ho use

to p s : a n d let us a ll be p ro ud o f o ur c i ty p ro ud o f her ,

p a s t a n d pr o u d e r s t ill o f h e r pr e s e n t .
 IN TRO D UCTIO N .

I n t he en s u ng
i p g
a es a n a tt e mp t h a s been ma de to do
j us t i ce t o Ca lc ut t a not on ly in her bygo ne but in her
mo dern as pec t Th ere ha s been n o p ret en c e a t o rig i na l
.

it y on the pa rt o f t he w ri t er ex cept it ma y be in t he , ,

ma t ter o f t re a t men t The c h r o n i c l er s o f t he an n a l s o f t he

.

sec ond ci ty in t he B r i ti s h E mp ir e h a ve been ma n y . E a ch

o f t he s ta g es in t he w o nd ro us u s p ri n in g o f C h a r n oc k s
’
p g
-

modes t g ra i n o f mus t a rd seed ha s rec ei ved ten d er an d

ex pe rt h a n dli ng But i t is s ubmi tt ed w i t h o ut a n y d es ir e
.
,

t o be pr es ump t uo us t ha t a c o mpl et e a n d c o mpreh en s i v e

,

his t o ry o f C a l c ut ta rema i n s t o be w ri t t en Th e threa d s

.

ha v e s t ill t o be g a t he red a n d w o v en i n t o o ne c o n nec ted

fa bric . It is t hi s ta s k w h i c h t he pr es en t w rit er ha s w i t h
muc h mi sg ivin g v ent ured to es sa y . The bo o k ha s been
di v ided of s et p urp o s e i n t o t w o pa rt s In t he ea rli er po r
.

ti on the a i m h a s been t o re ca ll t h e hi s t o ri c a l as so c i a tion s

o f Ca lc ut ta t o r emi n d t h e c i t i ze n no l e s s t h an the s t r a nger

,

w ith i n her ga t es o f he r v a n i s h ed buildi n gs a n d c h an ge d

lo c a li t ies a n d t o c o mmemo r a te t he men w ho h a v e hel ped

,

t o ma ke t he c i t y w h a t s he is The s ec o n d h a lf o f t he bo o k
.

is des igne d t o s erv e a s a n i n tere s t i ng a nd i n fo r mi ng g uide

to t eh C l tt
a cu a o f t o da y
- I f t he w riter ha s not ma de
.

a deq ua t e a c k n o w ledgemen t in t he c o ur s e o f t he ens ui n g

p ga e s of t h e d eb t h e o w es t o t he l a bo ur s o f h i s p re d e

c es so rs ,
it h a s been fr o m n o un w ill i n gn es s t o a d mi t hi s
o bliga t i o n . He is deeply s en s ibl e t h a t a w o rk o f th is
na ture mus t be a t it s be s t li t tle mo re t ha n a c o mp il a t ion ,

a nd he ha s n ot h es i ta t ed t o bo rrow w h er e t he l o an w as

li kely to di s s ipa te d oub t o r a s s i s t en q uiry In a bibliog ra

.

h
p y pr ep a r ed w i t h t he a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e l a t e M r.
J .

Macfa rl a ne ,
Li bra ri a n o f t he I mperi a l Li bra ry , an
vi IN T R O D U C TIO N .

a t t empt (nec es s a rily i n c o mpl et e) has been ma de to i n d i c a t e

t he n a mes an d t he boo k s o f t he pri n c i pa l a uth o r s w ho h a v e

s el ec t ed C a l c utt a a s t h eir t h eme To a l mos t a l l o f t hes e t he

.

w rit er h a s a t o ne ti me o r a n o th e r referr ed a s h e h o pe s h i s ,

rea de rs w ill : but he mus t be c o n t en t i n thi s pl a c e w i t h a

co n fes s i o n o f t he ma i n s o ur ces o f his i n s pir a t i o n U po n t h e . .

e a rly hi s t o ry o f t he c i t y t h e mi n ut e a n d v a l ua bl e r es ea r c h es
,

o f A r c hd ea c o n Hyd e a n d t h e la te Pro f es s o r C R W i l s o n . .

h av e been l a id un d er f req uen t c on tri buti on M uc h h elp .

h a s a l so been o bt a i n ed fr o m t h e S ho rt H i s to r y o f
C a l c ut ta by M r A K R a y w hic h fo r ms Pa rt I o f t he
. . .
,

C a l c ut ta Cens us R epo rt fo r R eg a rdi n g th e

p e ri o d o f W a rr en H as t i n
g s
,
it w o uld b e h a rd t o fi nd

a n y t hi ng t h a t h a s be en un s a id by D r B us teed i n h i s i h .

”
co mp a r a ble E c h oes fro m O ld C a l c utta B ut a c q ui s i
.

tio n s o f i n t eres t h a ve res ul t ed ne v ert h el es s fro m i n dep e n

d en t ex a mi n a ti on o f h a c k n ey ed yet a l w a y s f a s c i n a t i n g
c o n t emp o r a ry a ut h o riti es . N o r in thi s c on ne c t i o n h a s
q uo t a t i o n been di s d a i n ed fro m t h a t en tert a i n i ng i f s o m e
t i me s a po c ry h a l
p de s c rip t i o n o f e i g ht een t h c en t u ry -

C a lc ut ta w hi c h go es by t he n a m e o f H a r t ly Ho us e fo r
w het h e r it be w ritte n o r n ot by a G r ub S treet h a c k i t i s -
,

un d o ubt ed ly ba s ed up on t h e ex p eri en ces o f a n a c t ua l s o

”
j o u rn er b
y H oo hl
g y
’
s h a l l o w e d bu t m a l a ri o us s t r ea m .

C o n s ider a ble us e has li kew i s e been ma d e of t he w ell k n o w n -

a rti c l es in t he C a lc ut t a R evi ew by t he R ev J a mes Lo n g

.
,

a n d o f t h e s c a tt ered n e w s p a pe r c o n tri buti o n s o f t he l a te

M r H J a mes Ra i n ey— h o n o ured pi on eers bo th in t he field

. .

o f l oc a l a n tiq ua ri a n i n v es ti g a ti on i n s pit e of t he v eri fi

,

c a t i o n o f w hi c h t h eir s t a t eme n t s o ft en s t a n d i n n eed .

P a s s i ng t o mo re mod er n t i mes men ti o n mus t n o t be

,
.
 m rrt o n uc rt o n
'
. vii

l
n eg ec t e d of t he dr a ft s m a d e up o n t he a mpl e f un d o f
ma t eri a l i n S i r Geo rge Trev ely a n s
’
L etter s o f a C o mp eti
ti o n w al l a h
-
( th a t f a i t hf ul m i rr o r o f C a l c u t t a i n t h e fi f t i es

an d M r C E B uc kl a n d s a n n al s o f B en ga l
’
a n d s i x t i es ),
. . .

” ’
un d er t he Lie ut en a n t G o v er n o r s
-
. La s tly t he w ri te r s
,

s pec i a l th a n k s a re due t o h is b ro ther M r J uli a n ,

.

Co tt o n , of th e M a d ra s Ci v il Serv i c e n ot
,
o n ly

for t h e t w o c h a pt er s he ha s c on t ri but ed but al s o fo r muc h

,

t i me a n d l a bo ur un g r ud g i ng ly S pen t i n s eei ng al mo s t t he

w ho l e o f th e seco n d h a l f o f th e boo k thro ug h t he pre s s .

Ac k no w led g me n t mus t lik ew i s e be ma d e o f t h e per mi s s i o n

ac c o rd e d t o us e ex tr a c t s from t he i n f o r mi n g a rti c l es fr o m

his pen upo n F o rgo t t en I n di a w hi c h h a v e a pp ea red

f ro m t i me to t i me in t he pages o f t he C a lc ut ta R evi ew .

The I n d ex ha s been t h e w o rk o f M r E W M a d ge o f t he
. . .
,

Imperi a l Li br a ry Ca l c ut t a to w h o m th e w ri te r i s a l s o
, ,

i n d ebted fo r o t h er v al ua bl e a s s i s t a n c e a l w a y s fr eely a nd
c h ee rfully g i v en . In ma n y pl a c e s po r t i o n s h a v e been i n c o r

p o ra t ed in t he t ex t o f a rti c l es a n d r ev ie w s c o n tri but ed by

t he w ri t er t o t he P i o n eer S ta t es ma n , ,E n glis h ma n a n d ,

I n d ia n 0 0i N ew s : a n d t o t h e E di t o rs o f th es e j o ur n a l s
.

a c k n o w l ed men t is d u f t h i r urt y i r ti
g e o r e c o e s n g a n n g
li be rty o f repro d uc ti o n .
 C O N T E N TS .

PAR T I .

T he Foun di ng o f Ca lc ut ta
Th e Ea rly D a ys o f th e Sett lement
The Ca lc utta o f Queen Ann e
The Ma hra tt a Di t ch an d t he Pa lisa des

The Troubles of [ 7 6
5
The Wo rk of C live a n d Wat so n
Ca lcutta a ft er Pla ssey
Ha st ings a nd Fra nc is
Fro m C orn wa l lis t o Wellesley
C a lc utta Hundred Y ea rs Ago
a

Th e M a kin g o f M odern Ca lc utta

a n d t he Fifties
’
Bet w een t he Tw ent ies
‘

Ca lc utt a during t h e M ut iny

O n the Thresho ld of To d a y
The la st Fo rt y Y ea rs
C itizens o f no mea n C ity

PA R T II .

Tw en t ieth Cen t ury Ca lcut ta

-
2 59 27 8

Hist o ric Hous es and Fa mo us Loca li t ies 2 79 366

The St a t ues and Mo numen t s o f Ca lc ut ta 36 7 42 8
The O ld Fo rt a n d t he Bla c k Ho le 429 46 4
St . J ohn s C hurch
’
465 51 7
St . J ohn s Churchya rd a nd the Cha rnock
’

Ma uso leum 51 8 6
54
The Pa rk Street C emeteries 565 8
5 5
St Pa ul s Ca thedra l 586 6 28
’
.

The O ld M ission Church ( a nd oth er His

t oric Churc hes 8; C ha pels o f Ca lc utta ) 6 29 66 !
 CO N TE N T S . ix

PA G E S
C H A PT E R Go vern men t Ho use 662 695
C ua n sr
t The High Co urt 595 728
Ca am n X II . The Town Ha ll 729 735
C HA PTE R X I II . The Imperia l Libra ry and Met ca l fe Ha ll 786 800
Cnam a XIV . The V ictoria Memoria l Ha ll C o llect io n 80 x 84 :
C la m s XV . The Fo rt Willi a m o f To da y 842 86 1
C H A PTE R XV I . Belvedere a n d Alipo re 862
C HA PTE R XV I I . So me Ca lcutt a Instit uti on s 9 5
0 97 3
C H A PT E R XVIII . So me Temples a nd Shrin es 974 989
C H A PT s R XIX . Up an d Dow n the R iver —ro n

A PP E N D IX .

I
. S o me Boo ks a bo ut Ca lcut ta
1 1. V iew s a nd Po rt ra its
I II . Bl a ps a nd P la n s
“7 Ba i llie s V iew s i n Ca lc ut ta ,
’
. 1 794

Govern o rs Gen era l

-
of Fort Willia m in Benga l

G o ve m ors Genera l o f I ndia

-

V ic ero ys an d G e
o v rno rs Genera l
-

Go vern o rs of Ben ga l
Lieut ermn t Go verno rs
-
of Benga l
 E R R A TA .

fi ft h fi ft een th
A ca rgo of behars , A ca rgo o f 286 beha rs and

p pp ,
e e r a n d re d w o od 4 5
1 l bs o f peppe r . an d
”
can dy redw oo d , 268 ca n dy . 1 5
ma unds .

c o n vey co n voy
ha n d ha ud
la rger ma p o f 1 793 ma p o f 1 794
M r C rutt en den
. M r E dw a rd C rut t e n d en
.

once Go vern or o f the o n c e M ember o f C o un c i l

s et t l emen t

s hi ships
p
l l a rt ley Ha rt ly
N un c o ma r s pla c e o f i m N un c o ma r s , Hic ky s
’ ’ ’

pris o n men t p la c e o f i mpris o n me n t

t he c o unt ry ja il t he Birj ee o r c o un t ry j a il
But t he j a i l w h e re Hicky th e o t h er j a il

w a s c o n fi n ed .

s o ut h w es t
-
c o rn er of n o rt h - ea s t c o rner
Ta nk Sq ua re M i ss io n R o w
i n t er: i n t er
Fra n c is a nd C la veri ng B ut t ha t po w er la y ve s ted
impa ss ive . un der t he A c t in t h e
Supreme C o urt, a n d n o t
in th e maj o rity w hi ch
Fra nc is c o mma n d ed .

He w a s c o m elled t o
p
rema in i m a ss i ve
p ’
.

G ra n dpre
c o mmo dio us

Ma rch 2
Bryc e
1 86 3
1 883

1 846
I 79S
’
It esa rt us
G en era l Alex an der Kyd ,
h is rela t ive a nd heir
E n glish s
’

R s 30 .

rela t ive
D a n iel
l la c e
’
 E R R ATA

P age L i ne
. .

J. R R a.i n ey II. R a in ey
La Bo urdo una is La o urdo n na is

co mpli men t c o mpl emen t

Sout h N o rth
J. R R a.i n y I I J R a in y
. .

n eigh bo uri ng c hurc h fo rmer c hurc h of t ha t

na me
S peed Theed
22 , 24 it is int ended to pla c e t here w as pla c ed durin g t he
c urren t yea r ( 1 90 7 ) a nd
o mit i n lin e 24 w h ic h
is un ders too d to be a
roa c hi ng c om let io n
p
3 l p .

1 t ies

§
e

83
in let
E yre .

Bla q uiere .

Th e pa i nter w as , it ma y be
n o t ed, on ly too pa rt ia l t o
t he ha bit o f us ing
la m p la i n
dea In dia
Ch urch C hurchya rd
Omi t : U n til t he ri ver

w ashed t he rui ns a w ay
a few yea rs a go .

Tra nst ea tl Sta nst ea d

Tippo o
r h ea dq ua rt e rs
Mac na ughten M c N a ght en , a nd a dd, he w a s
t he brot her in la w o f M iss
- -

E mma R o bert s , w ho se
S ( m es a n d Cfia racterzs
f i rs qf H md u st a n , pub
l ished in t he th irt ies ,
c onta in i nt erest ing refer
enc es t o Ca l c utta .

her its
M rs . M iss
memoirs echoes

w ho w hose boo k on D ec rees

keeps his lega l memory
green
524 26 , 2 7 t he building Ho w ra h The building o f the Church
a t t he Free Schoo l a n d
Th o mas s Ch urch
’
St .

Ho w ra h .
 E R RATA.

the S ea men
’
s

po o r
Ri chmon d
N ic ks w ho m he ma rri ed
Benj a min is
seven mo n t hs pa s s ed a n d

31 (1)
Omit Govern o r, an d a dd
”
a nd a rde ft r
g n a e
ma ns ion
ua eris req ui ris
mi! Th a ckera y s ma t na med o n h is to mbs t o n e
’
a s
ema l r n dfa ther a n h o n es t ma n
g a . .

Hic key I l ic ky
E J Sho re
. . F J S ho re
. .

C ot es C oa t es
Frien d Co usin
M a cna ught en Ma cn a ght en
”
a dd
“
la te befo re “
M i li
ta ry Sec reta ry
Silc ha r Ko hima

w o rds sh o ul d
fo l l o w
1 878, t w o lin es 3 13 o
as t hey refer t o G e n e ra l
S ir H E L . Th ui l l i e r
. .

a n d no t t o C o lo n e l S ir
H R Thuillier )
. . .

R a lph J ohn so n E dw a rd R a l ph J oh n s o n
R ev D M ieklej o hn
. . R ev D r W H M e i k l e
. . . .

j o hn
R a w do n St reet Bh o w a n ipo re
Ba bu Ba ba
a n d his I l is
‘

"
a ft er Ben ga l Ad d is
buried in t he G re e k
C h urc h .

a fl er a ft erw a rds

I I M Lo c ke
. .
I I 1 1 Lo c ke
. .

Bro w n Bro un
St eel S teel l
w here i t n o w is . I t is It ha s n o w bee n rem o v e d
in t en ded t o remo ve it
Omi t : o f I ndia
Omi t : in 1 877
Wilso n
i n s t a l le r
 E R R ATA.

P a ge. Li an . R ead .

687 1 5, 1 6 w here i t now is w hence it has sinc e been

tra ns ferred to the V ict oria
Memo ria l Co llect io n .

so n brother
fa ther elder
’ ’
so n s youn er s
sec o n d Afghan Wa r fi rst i
f ha n Wa r
sc hoo l masters schoo l el low s
1 774
Ha rmgt on
.

ment J a cq uemont
i
a c q ue
fis torica l t ria l itsel f t ria l of N un c oma r a nd
Fow lre for c ons pira cy
’ ’
A tt orn ey s Attorn eys
Ta yler

”
Omit : “
p esen t
r
1 832
1 860
1 888
Omit his collea gue
”
Afi er “
Ca lcutta i ns ert
( w ith th e ex cept ion of
Bisho p Welldon ) .

now la te
Ba n nerj ee Bonn erj ee
1 880 1 890
Ja mes Gra n t J o h n G ra n t
R o na ld Ra na ld
a ft er Libra ria n .

A serio us loss ha s be
fa llen t he Libra ry by thi
recen t dea t h o f the first
in cumben t o f tha t o ffi ce,
M r J Mac fa rla n e
. .

resen t Libra ria n la t e Li bra ria n

l r Ma c fa rla n e
. t he Libra ria n
a re bei n r d ha ve been prepa red
gp p e a re
Steel Steel]
The pa in ter s na me a d N o te —The I n dia O fli c e
’

kn o w n g a ve j ust ( Apri l 1 907 )

u r h ased a n en ra vi n
p c
g g
of t his p ic t ure w hic h
i ves t he
p n ter s n a me
i
’
g a
as Chinn ery .

fa t her in la w
- -
brot her in la w o -

Suj j um ud D ow la h
- -
N ujj um ud D o w la h
- -

cont i n ued c o n t rived

x iv E R R ATA .

7th August 1 7th Augus t

N ort h Pa rk St reet So ut h Pa rk St reet
”
Ha rt ley House Ha rtly Ho use ’
.

j
c on ec t ures s t a t es
a uc i o n a uc t i o n
Omi t : S i r, a n d rea d C B . .

fo r K C B. . .

9 2 1 1 5 , 16 Omi t : then C hief J us t ic e

o f B en ga l .

9 54 4th la s t J . H R.a t t ra y R . II Ra tt ra y
.

957 8 9 , Omi t sen /c ure Th e

C o llege G o vern men t .

9 58 1 3 Hodges Hodge
96 3 20 , 2 1 L Sc h w en dler
. C L Sc h w en dler
. .

9 7 1 13 W a lt er W illia m
23 fa ve o f fa ve et
986 25 ea s t so ut h

99 3 1 1 M iss M rs .

996 26 M ogul M un gul

A ppen dix , p 1 , las t l in e, Omi t n a me o f
a uth o r o f C ho w ri n hee
g
Thea t re Librett o s .

Ben t i n c k C a ven dish C a ven dish Ben t i n ck

 2 L
C A C U TTA AN D N EW .

g i v es us o ur th en ti c g li mp s e o f C a l c ut t a
fi rs t au S a tgaon .

o r S a p t a g ra m o n t h e ri ht ba n k o f t h e ri v er b et w een
, g ,

Tri ben i a n d B a n d el is t h e g rea t po rt a n d no t H ooghly

, ,
.

L o w er d o w n t he ri v er B et o r o n t he s a me s id e is a
, , ,

l a rge ma rk et t o w n w h er e trav ell er s p a us e t o buy pro

,

v i s i o n s a nd w o r s hip t h e go dd es s Ch a n di C h it po re a nd .

C a l c ut t a a re n eigh bo uri n g v ill a ges p a s s ed j us t before

rea c hi n g B et o r ; Go v in dpo re a n d S ut t a n ut t ee do n o t ex i st .

K a l igh a t is a s ma ll s a n c t ua ry c l a i mi n g j us t a ba re n o t ice .

W h en Po rt ug ues e fi r s t beg an to fre q uen t Ben gal

t he

a bo ut t h e y ea r 1 530 t he t w o g r ea t cen t r es o f t r a d e w er
,
e

Chi t t a go n g in t he E a s t a n d S a t g a o n i n t he W es t The
, .

fo r mer w a s di s t i n g ui s h ed a s t h e G rea t H a ven o r Po rto

G r a n d e a n d un d er fa v o ura bl e c i rc ums t a n c es mi g h t ha ve
,

r et a i n ed t he c o mme rc i a l i mpo r t a n c e w hi c h s he is n o w a -

—
d a y s be t upo n w i n n i n g ba c k but in a n ev il h o ur for
n

”
h er fo rt un es s he bec a me t h e ren d ez v o us o f Fe ri n gi
o ut l a w s a n d pi r a t es a d v en t ure r s a n d f u i t i v es fr o m Goa
, g
a n d it s d ep en d en c i es S a t ga o n w hi c h h a s n o w d w i n dle d
.
,

i n t o a n i n s i g n i fi c a n t g ro up o f h ut s in t he v i c i n ity o f t he
t o w n o f H oo g hly w a s k n o w n a s t he Li t t le H a v en o r
,

P o r t o P iq uen o Th e ri v er w a s ea s ily n a v i g a bl e by s ea
.

i hip f a s t h e Ad i h m r T
’
g o n
g s s a s a r
g a n
g a t e
-
o d e n , o l ly s

N ull a h w hi c h w a s t h e n t h e o ut l et t o the s ea : b ut bey ond

,

t hi s i t w a s c o n s id e r ed t oo s h a ll o w fo r a n b u t u t ry
y c o n

boa t s In G a rd en R ea c h t h er efo r e w a s t he a n c h o ri n
g
.
, ,

pl a c e o f t he P o rt ug ues e a n d a t B et o r w a s t h e ma rt o f
,

t h a t c h ed h ut s er ec t ed y ea r b y a r t h rr i l f t h
, y e o n e a v a o e

s h ip s fr o m G o a an d d es t ro ye d a s s w i f tly a few mo n t hs
,

la t er w h en t h e l a s t bo a t h a d c o me d o w n fr o m S a t a on
,
g
a n d h er c a r o s a fely s h i pp ed a bo a r d t h e l li
g g a a s s es .
 Here t h en ma y be tra c ed t h e n uc l eus o f t he f ut ure c i t y
o f C a l c utt a a n d a s ti me w en t o n t he s ilti n g up o f t h e
,

ri ver o ppos it e Sa tga o n s t ill f urth er fa v o ured h er fo r

t un es .

To w a rd s t he en d o f th e s xi t een th c en t ury th e merc ha n t

pri n c es o f P o rto P iq uen o w ere o n e a ft er t h e o th er fo rc ed
t o seek a n o th er ma rk et fo r t h ei r tra d e . Th e g rea t ma j o
ri t y s et t led do w n a t H oog hly : but four f a mil i es o f
By sa c les a n d o n e o f S et t s d et ermi n ed t o pro fi t by t he

g ro w i n
g pr os pe ri ty o f B e t o r, a n d' f o un de d t h e v ill a ge o f
G o v in dpo re o n t he ea s t ba n k o f t h e ri v er j us t a bo v e
, ,

i t s j un c t i o n w i t h t h e Adi g a n ga -
. The y cl ea red t h e
j ungl e a nd bui l t h o use s fo r the msel v es a n d a s h ri n e fo r
t h eir de i t y Go v i n dj ee : a n d i n a s h o rt s p a c e o f t i me

o pen ed , o n t h e n o r t h s id e o f C al c ut t a ,
a pl a c e fo r t h e
s a le o f cl ot h w h i c h w a s s o o n t o bec o me c elebr a t ed a s

S ut t a n ut t ee Hat t he C o t t o n B a l e M a rk et;
,
The P o rt u

g u es e,
h o w ev er w e r e n o t a s en c o ur a g i ng t o t h e en t erpri s e
,

a s i t s pi o n ee r s h a d h o pe d , a n d w en t hi g h e r up t h e ri v er

in r es po n s e t o t h e i n v i t a t i o n ex t ende d t o t he m by A k ba r
t o fo rm a s ett l emen t a t H o o g hly . H ere F i t c h f o un d
th em p erma ne n t ly s et t l ed w h en h e v i s i t ed B en g a l in 1 583 .

But t h eir n eg l ec t t o k eep t he G ul f o f B en gal c lea r o f

p ir a t es bro ug h t t h e v en g ea n c e o f S h a h J eh a n upo n them ,

a n d in 1 632 t h e t o w n o f H oo hly w a s c a p t ur ed a n d i t s
g
en t i re po p ul a t i o n t r a n s f e rr ed a s s l a v es t o Ag r a .

To t heP o rt ug ues e s uc c eed ed t h e D ut c h w ho h a d ,

in 1 625 ma d e t he i r w a y t o B en g a l a n d n o w es t a bli s h ed
t h ems el ves a t Pipli a n d Chi n s ur a h . The E n g li s h w er e
s t ill c o n t en t i n
g t h em s el v es w i t h t r a d e a t B a l a so re a n d
4 L
C A C U TTA AN D N EW .

Ha riha rpo re i n O ri s s a , a nd it w a s not un til t he d a ys of

t he g r ea t Pr o t ec t o r O li ver th a t th ey v en t ured up t he

ri ver t o H oog hly .

C a l c utta mea n w hil e w a s g ro w i n g i n s t a t ur e a n d in

, ,

s t re n t h I t h A i i A k b ri w k w ritt i 1 596
g n e n a a o r en n
- -
. ,

by Abul Fa z l t h e Pri me M i n i s t er o f t h e E mpe ro r A k ba r

, ,

t h e pl a c e i s n o ti c ed a s a di s t ri c t i n t h e Go v e r n me n t o r

S irk a r o f S a tg a o n w hi c h w i t h t he di s t ri c t s o f B a r ba kp ur
,

a n d B a k uy a p a id i n to t he I m peri a l E x c h eq ue r t h e a n n ua l

su m of Rs .

In t he ry B et o r di s a ppea rs fr o m
s ev en t e en t h c en t u ,

h i s t o ry it s n a me w a s c h a n ged i n t o t he v ill a ge o f M uk w a h
Ta n n a h a n d i t s fo r ei g n ma rk et t r a n s fe rre d t o S ut t a n ut t ee
, ,

w h e re t he S et t s a n d B y s a c ks h a d been l a bo ri o us l y b uil d

in g up a n E uro p ea n c o n n ec t i o n a n d p a rti c ul a rly w i t h t he,

,
—
E n g li s h w ho h a d in 1 65 2 t h a n k s t o Ga bri el B o ug h t o n .

t h e S urgeo n o f t he H o pew ell a n d h i s c ur e o f t h e E m

,

— m
J
’

p e r o r s d a ug h t e r a h a n a ra b een p e r itte d t o s et up t h ei r

fa c t o ry a t H o o g hly a n d lik e t he P o rt ugues e w e re us i n g

,, , ,

G a rd en R ea c h a s a n a n c h o r a g e fo r th ei r s ea go i n g -

v es s el s .

He w ould h a v e been a bo ld m a n nev erth el es s w ho , ,

w o uld h a v e pro ph es i ed t he E n g l i s h E mpi re i n I n di a o ut

o f t hes e s ma ll beg i n n i n g s A d es p a t c h d a te d t h e 27 t h ,

F eb r ua ry 1 658 g i v es a n a l mo s t c o mpl et e li s t o f t h e Co un
, ,

c il s es t a bli s h ed in B en ga l Th e h ea d q ua r t ers o f t h e
.
-

E ng li s h me rc h a n t s la y a t H o o g hly, w h ere t h ei r c hi ef
Agen t w a s p a s s i n g ri c h o n a s a l a ry o f o ne h un d red p o un d s
r a n n um H a rd by a t Chi n s ur a h a n d a l mo s t w i t hi n a
p e .
,

t hr o w t he D ut c h w ere s t ri v i n g w i t h t h em fo r
’
sto n e s ,
 ms FO U N D l N G o r CA C L U TTA . 5

t he c us t o m of t he s ub ec t s
j of t h e N a bo b . S til l mo r e
fo rmida bl e w a s t he o rga n i z ed o p po s i t i o n o f t he
i nterlo per s w ho w e re ma ki n g s t r en uo us eff o r t s t o

s h a r e in t he l a rg e pr o fi t s o f t he t r a de a n d w e r e p re
,

s en tly t o o u t t h e Lo n d o n C o mp a n y fro m i t s pride o f

p la ce . A m o ng t h es e i n t erl o p e r s o r pri v a t e t r a d e r s

w a s a not a bl e yo ung beg i n n er o f t h e n a me o f Th oma s

”
Pi tt , a fel lo w o f a h a u g h t y h u ff i
y g n d a ri n
g t e m p e r ,

d es ti n ed in a ft er yea r s t o be Go vern o r o f Fo rt St G eo rge .

,

t o di sco v er t he fi n est di a mo n d i n t he w o rld a n d t o be ,

t he pro ge n i t o r o f t w o o f E n g l a n d s g r ea t es t s t a t es men
’
.

O ut s id e H oog hly a few i s o l a t ed fa c t o ries a t D ac c a B a l a ,

so re C os s i mba z a r
, a nd P a t n a
, ma d e up t h e s um t o t al o f
,

t he E n g l i s h po s s es s i on s in Be ng a l W he r e C a l c ut t a
.

no w g r eet s t he w o r ld w ith h er a ma z i n
g m e dl e y o f W e s t

ern O p ul e n c e a n d E a s t ern s q ua l o r th ere s t o od a c l us t er o f

,

o bs c ure v il l ag es : a n d t hi rty y ea rs a n d mo r e w e re t t o
y e

ela p s e bef o r e
J o b Ch a r n o c k w a s t o e s t a b li s h hi m se l f a t

S ut ta n ut t ee a f t e r a s eri e s o f bew i ld eri n g a t t empt s t o s et t l e

a t Hid el ee O l oo be rria h a n d ev en Chi t t a o n
g o
, , g g .

Th e c h a r a c te r of t he E n gli s h s oc et i y of t he da y in
Be ng a l ma y be g a t h er ed from t h e p riv a te c o rres po n d en c e
s t ill ex t a n t a n d en s h ri n ed fo r p o s t er i t y in t h e p a ges of
Si r W illi a m H ed g es D i a ry ’
Th eir li t era t ur e w a s bo o k s
.

s uc h a s t he E i k on B a s i l i ka o r t h e R eli i o Medi c i a n d it
g ,

w a s a n a mus e men t o f t he da t t u ff t h i r l e t t er s w i t h
y o s e

L a ti n sa w s a n d el a bo r a t e c o mp li men t s a n d i n voc a ti o n s
for H eli co n i a n i rri g a t i o n a fte r t h e ma n n er o f g oo d S i r

Tho ma s B ro w n e Li fe a t H oo ghly w a s r eg ul a t ed a ft er
.

t he fa s hi o n o f a c o ll e e
g T h e h o u
.r s o f w o rk w e re fr o m
nine o r t en till t w el ve in th e mo rn i n a d a a i n in t h e
g n g ,
6 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

ft er no o n ill fo ur o c l oc k if w o rk w as pre s s
’
a t a bo ut

in g . At mid d a y t h ere w a s di n n er i n t he c o mmo n h a l l

-
,

t h e s ea t s s t ri c t ly a rra n g ed i n o r der o f s en i o ri t y Th e .

s ec o n d me a l t a k en t o et h er in t h e h a l l w a s s upp er A t
g .

Fo r ex c ur s i o n s
’
n i n e o c l oc k t h e fa c t o ry g a t es w e r e s h ut . ,

t h ey h a d t he E n g li s h g a rd en t w o m il es n o rt h o f t he f a c
,

t o ry : fo r ex er c i s e s h oo ti n g a t t h e but t s o r S po rt in t h e
,

c o un t ry a r o un d : a n d fo r en t er t a i n men t t h ey h a d t h e m,

s el v es a n d t h ei r D ut c h n ei g h bo ur s Th e c hi ef a n d s ec o n d
.

h a d a p a l a n q ui n ea c h w h en t h ey w en t a b ro a d a n d t h e ,

res t o f t he C o un c il w i t h t he Ch a pla i n w ere a ll o w ed t o

h a v e l a rg e umbrell a s ho m e o v er t h em in s o l emn s t a t e
but n o t s o t he r a n k a n d fi le I n t h e di a ry o f S t rey n s h a m
.

M a s t er Go v ern o r o f Fo rt S t Geo rge w h o c a me t o t h e

, .
,

B a y i n 1 6 76 o n a t o ur o f i n s p ec t i o n i n v es t i ga t i o n a n d
,

c o rr ec ti o n w e fi n d t h e fo ll o w i n g :
, Th er e bei ng a n ill
c us t o m i n t h e ffac t o ry o f w ri t er s h a v i n g ro un dell s c a rri ed

o v er t h ei r h ea d s it i s t h erefo r e o rd er ed t h a t n o e
p er s o n in t hi s ffa c t o ry s ha l l h a v e a ro un dell c a rri ed o v er
t h e m but s uc h a s a re o f t he C o un c ell a n d t he Ch a pl a i n
,
.

Th er e w a s a good! de a l o f h a rd dri n ki n g Arr a c k p un c h .

-

a n d S hir a z w i n e w er e t h e ma i n bev e r a ge s E uro p ea n w i n e ,

a nd bo t t l ed beer bei n g g rea t l ux uri es In m a t t er o f .

d res s t h ey s tro v e t o i mita t e th eir bro t h er s in E uro p e

, ,

but a t a res p ec t f ul di s ta n c e a s ne ed s mus t be

,
In 1 6 5 8 .

a g o o d c l o t h c o a t w ith s il v er l a c e w a s a l l t he f a sh i o n ,

a n d w a s c o n s id er ed t o be t he ba d g e o f a n E ng li s h ma n .

t h e R i ght V o rs h ip ful t h e
V
G rea t p e r s o n a g es s uc h ,
as

Agen t a nd His R ev eren c e t he Ch a pl a i n n o d o ubt w o re t h e

, ,

a mpl e w ig but pe ruk es w e re a s a rul e a t a di s c o un t f o r

, ,

t h o s e w ho c o n s ult ed c o mfo rt a nd ma d e t erms w it h t h e

 THE FO U N D IN G O F CA C L U TTA .

l i m en t er ed i n t o t h e Mo o r s f a s hi o n a n d c ut th ei r
’
a te
c
h a i r s h o rt O f E ngli s h l a di es t h er e w ere sa dly few a n d
.
, ,

mo s t o f t he merc h a n t s h a d I n di a n w i v es a n d fell l a rgely

i n t o I n di a n w a y s W h en a w a y fro m t h e fa c t o ry th ey
.

t o o k t h ei r mea l s lyi n g o n c a rp et s a n d w o r e t h e I n di a n

d r es s N o o n e s t i rred a bro a d w ith o ut a n umber o f o rd er

.

li es. Fo i bl es a n d fa ult s t h ey h a d in pl en t y : but to t h ei r

c r ed i t be i t s a id the y a dh er ed t o t h ei r obli g a t i o n s in t h e
,

d ea li n g s w i t h t he p eo pl e a n d w ere rew a rd ed in ki n d by
,

t h e fa i t hf ul n es s o f t h e H i n d o o merc h a n t s t o t h e C o m

n y s i n t eres t s T h y r no t ex a c t ly s uc h a s w ea r
’

p a . e w e e

s o ft ra i men t a n d d w ell in Ki n g s h o use s B ut th eir

’
.

l i v es a n d mo ra l s w ere n o t s o d a rk a s s o me w o uld pa i n t
t h em .

Th e y ea r s 1 686 t o 1 690 w er e a s to r my c ri s i s i n the fo r

tunes of t he Ben g a l
f a c t o ri es . Th e ho s t ili t y o f t h e
N a bo b s Fo ujd a r a t H o og hly led t o a s h a rp s kir mi s h
’
,

a nd a ft e r a
g a ll a n t d e fe nc e J o b C
,
h a m oc k w h o w as ,

t he C o mp a n y s c hi ef Ag en t c o mp ell ed
’
now w as , to

w i t hdr a w al l y e R igh t H o n o ura bl e C o mpa n y s co n ’

ce r n s a n d o ur o w n O n t he w a y d o w n t h e ri v er h e
.
,

ha lt ed a t S ut t a n ut t ee ( upo n w hi c h ev en t h en h e h a d
ca s t hi s ey e) a n d n eg o ti a te d in v a i n fo r p ea c e B ut t he .

N a bo b s t r00 p s c a me n ea re r a n d n ea r er : a n d w hil e Ch a r
’

n oc k did w h a t h e c o uld t o hi n de r t h eir pro re s s b d

g y e

mo li s hin g al l t h e fo rt s w i t hi n h i s r ea c h C a p t a i n N i c h o l so n
,

w a s s en t t o t a k e pos s es s i o n o f t h e i s l a n d o f Hid elee

g ,

a lo w de a dly s w a m p a t t h e mo ut h o f t he ri v er H er e .

t he E n g li s h t hr ew up a h a s ty en c a mpm en t a n d g a ll a n tly
“
w i t h s t oo d it s s i eg e b
y A b d ul S umm ud t h e N a bo b.s
’

”
bux y In three mo n th s o n e h a lf o f C h a m o c k s tr0 0 p s
’
.
8 CA C L U TTA AN D N EW .

w ere d ea d a nd t he rema i n der in mi s er a bl e pli g ht

,
.

O v er t ures w ere ma d e by S h a i s t a Kh a n t he N a bob a n d , ,

t h e E n g li s h r et ur n ed t o S ut t an ut t ee : but t h e a rri v a l o f

rei n fo rc emen t s fro m E n gl a n d p ut a n a lto get h er n ew fa ce

up o n t he s i t ua t i o n The C o ur t o f D i rec t o r s in a n s w er
. ,

t o C ha m oc k s a pp ea l s fo r h elp h a d s en t o ut a c a pri c i o us
’
,

a n d futil e f ea t h er b ra i n ed -
s ea c a p t a i n o f t h e n a m e o f
-

H ea th w i t h o rd er s t o s et up t h e F a c t o ry a t Chi t t a g o ng
. ,

w h i c h t h ey f a n c i ed he w o uld fi n d s o mew h er e up t h e

g r ea t G a n g e s T he .t r ea t y w a s d i s a ll o w ed a n d t hi s w as ,

fo ll o w ed by t he emba rc a t i o n o f t he Ag en t a n d h is o ffic er s
o n t h e s hip s t he bo mba rd men t a n d bur n i n g o f B a l a s o r e
, ,

a n d fi n a lly t h e f o rc i ble t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f t h e en t i r e E n g l i s h

s et t le men t i n B en al t o M a dr a s by C a p t a i n H ea t h w h o se
g ,

s ix mo n t h s ma d c r ui se a ro un d t h e B a y i n s ea rc h o f a
’

s i te t o t a k e t h e pl a c e o f H o o g hly r ea d s mo r e li k e a
r o ma n c e th a n lik e a s t a t emen t o f s o be r f a c t Fo r fi f t een .

w ea ry mo n t h s Ch a r n oc k s a t ea t i n o ut h is h ea r t a t Fo rt
g
S t G eo rg e un t il t he o ffe r by I br a hi m Kh a n
.
, t h e n ew ,

N a bo b a t D a c c a o f R s , .by w a y o f c o mp en s a t i o n
fo r t h e g ood s pl un d ered en a bl ed h i m t o s t a rt ba c k t o
B en ga l w i t h t h e fa i t h ful r emn a n t o f h i s fo ll o w e r s .

Th e re ex is ts at t he I n di a O ffi c e
ri es o f el eve n
a se

v o l umes e x t en di n g t o 1 706
, t h e fi r s t o f w hi c h i s en t i t l ed
,

D i a ry a n d C o n s ul t a t i o n B o o k fo r a ff a ir s o f t h e R t .

Ho n ble E n g li s h E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y k ep t by t h e R t
’
.

VV o rs h ip full t h e Ag en t a n d Co un c il beg i n n i n g J uly 1 6 , ,

1 690 . H er e ma y be rea d i n t he w o rd s o f Ch a rn oc k
, ,

t h e s t o ry o f h o w o n t he 24t h Aug us t 1 6 90 t he E n g li s h
, ,

o c c upi ed t h e d ese r t ed v ill a f S u t t u t t f r t h t hi rd

g e o a n ee o e

a n d fi n a l t i me : a n d h er e, t o o is t he r ec o rd o f t he fi r s t
,
10 C A LC U I T A O L D AN D N EW .
' ‘

H a s ti ng s in 1 820 in p ur s ua n ce o f h is s c h emes fo r t he
,

i mp ro v emen t o f t he c i t y but n o t w i t h o ut l a men t a n d

,

pr o ph ec y o f ev il fr o m t he s up er s t i t i o us .

C a p t a i n Al ex a n d er H a mil t o n a n ei g ht een t h c en t ury

,
"
S i n ba d w ho
, t r a d ed a n d t r a v ell ed by s ea a n d l a n d

bet w een t h e C a pe a n d I n di a a n d J a p a n fr o m 1 688 t o

1 7 23 h a s l ef t a c h a r a c t eri s t i c a cc o un t o f t h e fo un d a
,

t i o n o f C a l c ut t a w hi c h is n o t w i t h o ut i n t e re s t fo r it i n d i
, ,

c a tes ho w s tr o n g a t t h e t i me w a s t h e tr a di t i o n o f t h e
fa mo us Bo y t a c on n a h t r ee .

M r Jo b C ha un oc k —
. s o s p el t by H a mil t on bei n g
t h en th e C o mp a n y s Ag en t in B en ga l , h e h a d th e
’

li be rt y t o s et t l e a n emp o ri um in a n y p a rt o n t h e
ri v er s s id e bel o w H o oghly a n d fo r t he s a k e o f a l a rg e
’

s h a dy tr ee c h o s e t h a t pl a c e th o ugh he c o ul d n o t h a v e
,

c h o s en a mo r e un h ea lt h pl ace o n t h e ri v e r fo r t hre e
y , ,

m il es t o t he n o rth ea s t w a rd is a s a l t w a t er l a k e t ha t
- -

o v erfl o w s in Se pt ember a n d O c t o be r a n d t h en pr o d i ,

g io u s n u mb er s o f fi s h r es o rt t hi t h er b ut i n N o v e m be,
r
a n d D ec ember w h en t h e fl o o ds a re d i s s ip a t ed
, t h os e ,

fi s h es a re l eft dry a n d w i t h t h ei r p utre fa c t i o n a fi ec t t h e

,
‘

a ir w i t h thi c k s t i n ki n v a po rs w hi h t h n o rth ea s t w i n d s
g c e -
,

bri n g w i t h th em t o Fo rt W illi a m t h a t th ey c a us e a y ea rl y
mo r t a li t y .

H a mil t o n bo re n o l o ve fo r t h e E n gli s h fa c t o r s w h o s e ,

res t ri c ti o n s upo n p ri v a t e t r a d e w ere no t a t a ll t o h is t a s te .

B ut he d oes n o t o v e rdr a w h is pi c t ur e o f t he un h ea lthi n es s

o f ea rly C a l c ut t a a n d fro m t h e beg i n n i n g t h e mo s t fo rm id

a ble o bs t a c l e w a s i n v a ri a bly s uppli ed by t h e c li ma t e .

In s pi t e of the fa vo ur s h o w n t h em by I br a hi m Kh a n ,
 "
r m; FO U N D IN G o r C AL C U T I A .
‘ '
ll

w ho m t h e E n g li s h in th ei r g ra t i t ude s t yl ed the mo s t
fa mo us ly j us t a nd g oo d N a bo t h e s i t ua t i o n of t he

fa c t o r s at S ut t a n ut t ee w as at fi rs t co mfo r t l es s i n t h e ex

t eme
r . I mpe ri a l O rd er i s s ued in 1 69 1 a ut h o ri ze d t he m
An
to c o n t en t edly co n t i n ue t h eir t ra d e in Be n ga l o n pay ,

men t o f R s . y ea rly by w a y o f a ll d ues B ut t he fever .

h a un t ed s w a mps behi n d t h e ri v er ba n k ex a c ted a te rri bl e

t o ll,
a n d t he s h a d o w h un g ov er t h em o f t he w a r w hi c h
W ill i a m t h e Thi rd w a s w ag i n g ag a i n s t t h e F ren c h a n d .
.

w h i c h c o mpell ed t h em t o k eep a n a n x i o us e e upo n t h ei r

y
fe ll o w merc ha n t s a t C ha n dem a g o re
-
w e c a n li tt l e rea li s e
.

i n t h es e d a y s t he mi s e ri es w hi c h t h e rugg ed pi o n eer s
w i t h t h ei r E n g li s h h a bi t s o f ea t i n g a n d d ri n ki n g mus t

h a v e s uffered in t he s t i fl i n g c a bi n s a n d fo re c a s t l es o f -

t h e i r s l o o p s a n d c o un t r bo a t s a n d i n t h e ma t h o v el s
y
-

w hi c h t oo o f t en fo r med t h ei r so l e s h el t e r a s h o re Ch a r .

n oc k d i ed i n 1 6 93 a n d l eft t hi s n ew s ett l emen t i n s t r a n g e

di s o rd er His ma n y h a rd s hip s s eem t o h a v e sa pp ed h is

.

e n e rg y a n d h i s s t r en th o f w il l
g H e m a d e sc a rc ely a n y
.

a t t e mp t at v er n men t a nd did n ot eve n ma rk o ut

g o ,

t he pr emi s es o f a f a c t o ry Th e o n ly c o n s pi c uo us ma s o n ry
.

b uil di n g h e a c q ui red i n a ddi t i o n t o t he

, P o rt ugues e
ma s s h o use
- w hi c h w a s d es t r o y ed a f te r h is d ea t h
,
w as ,

t h e c utc he rry o f t he M o j umda r fa m ily w ho w er e t he l oc a l

rs : a n d h er e w ere l o d ged t h e C o mp a n y s o ffic i a l

’

j g
a i rd a

s t a ff a n d t h e r ec o rd s E v ery o n e w a s al l o w ed t o en c l o s e
.

la n d s d ig t a n k s a n d build h o us es w h e re a n d ho w t h ey
,

pl ea s e d V io l en c e w a s t e a n d v i c e rul ed i n t he li t t l e
.
, ,

c o l o n y ; a n d t h e Chi ef a n d Hi l l t h e C a p t a i n o f hi s u r d
, , g a ,

se t t h eir s ubo rdi n a tes fi h t i n

g g d ue l s H ill w a s p e rm i t t ed.

to keep a p unc h h ous e a n d billi a rd ta bl e g ra t i s w hil e

-
12 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

ot h er s pa id fo r it . Ch a rn oc k hi ms elf a s t ra di t i o n h a s
,

i t d eve l o ped a s a v a ge t em pe r a nd fl ogg ed h i s serv a n t s fo r

, ,

t he mo s t tri v i a l o ff en c es t he ex e c ut i o n bei n g
, g e ne r a l l y
d o n e w h en he w a s a t di n n er s o n ea r h is di n i n g
,

roo m t h a t t he g ro a n s a n d t h e c ri es o f t he poo r de l i n
"
q u e n t s s e rv ed h i m f o r m us i c . E q ua l ly f a mo u s i s t h e

s t o ry a l s o t o ld o f h im t h a t h e t urn ed h ea th en a n d s a c ri

fi c ed a c oc k o n h i s I n di a n w ife s g r a v e B ut w ith a ll
’
.

h is fa ul t s a n d f a ili ng s it c a n n ev er be fo rgo t t en t h a t
,

Ch a rn o c k a n d Ch a rn oc k a l o n e fo un d ed C a l c ut t a
, , . It
w a s he w ho d eli ber a t ely a n d w i s ely c ho s e it a s t he fo un da

ti o n s t o n e o f t he B ri t i s h E mpir e in I n di a
- — a n d it w as

t hro ug h n o me ri t o f his Ho n ble M a s t er s th a t t h e es t a b

’

l is h men t a t S ut t a n ut t ee w a s a c q ui esc ed i n fo r t h ey d i d
,

no t c o un t er ma n d o n ly bec a us e t h ey c ould n ot now

”
h el p it .
 CH A PTE R I I .

T HE E A R LY D A Y S O F THE S E TTL E M E N T .

C HA R N O C K S i mmedi a t e s uc c es s o r w a s F ra n c i s E lli s
’

h is s ec o n d i n C o un c il a m a n o f li t t l e c h a r a c t e r o r a bili t y
, ,

w ho h a d t en y ea r s befo r e s uffer ed di s m i s s a l a t t h e h a n d s

o f S i r VV i llia m H edg es a n d been r ei n s t a t ed by Pr es id en t

‘

Gy fl o rd B ut i n A ug us t 1 6 93 t h ere a rri v ed in C a l c ut t a
'

.
,

ben t o n r eo rg a n i z a t io n a n d r efo rm S i r J o h n G o ld s
,

bo r o ug h ,
C o mm i s s a ry G en era l ] a n d A d mi ra l ] o f t he
”
E a s t I n di a F l eet a nd Chi ef Gov ern o ur o f t he R ig h t
H o n o r a ble E ng li s h E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y s Affa i r es ’
.

The re i n s w e re t a k en o ut o f t he li s t l es s h a n d s o f E ll i s a n d ,

C ha rl es E yre Ch a r n oc k s s o n i a la w of w h o m th ere w a s
,
’
- -
,

li t t l e t o c o mpl a i n ex c ep t t h a t he w a s a ddi c t ed t o t he

c o un t ry h a b i t s a n d c us t o m s ,
w a s s um mo n ed t o S ut t a

n ut t ee t o a s s ume c h a rge o f t h e s et t l em en t His w a s a

.

c h a ra c t er o f a di ffe r en t s t a m p t o t h a t o f E lli s : a n d un d e r

his ma n a g emen t t he s i t u ,
a t i o n beg a n t o me n d D uri n g
.

t h e firs t y ea r o f h i s r ul e t h er e oc c urr ed t he memo ra bl e

c a t a s t ro ph e w h i c h h a s
g i v en a n a me o f w o rld w id e f a m-
e t o

o n e o f t he mo s t d a n e r o us q ui c k s a n d s o n th e ri v er T h
g e .

R o y a l j a mes a n d M a ry ha d a rri ved fro m S uma t r a i n

Aug us t 1 694 w i t h
,
a c a rgo o f beh a rs p epp er a n d red
, ,

w oo d ca n dy w hi ch s h e t o o k i n a t M a dr a s : but c o m i n g
,

up t he H o o g hly o n t he 24t h S ep t embe r s he s t r uck upo n ,

t he f a t a l s h o a l t ur n ed o v er i m medi a t ely
, a n d b ro k e h er
,

b ack W i t h t he memo ry o f E yre mus t a l s o be li n k ed t h e

'

.
 14 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

buildi n g of t he ma s s i v e l ma us o l eum w h e re
oc t a go n a .

w i t hi n t he pr ec i n c t s o f S t J o h n s Ch urc hy a rd t he Fa t h e r
’
.
,

o f C a l c ut t a s l ee p s un di s t ur bed a mid! t he d us t a nd d i n o f ,

t he t o w n h e c a ll ed i n t o ex i s t en c e .

C a l c ut t a had n o w been n ea rly t en ye a rs in ex i s t e n ce

but bey o n d t h e l a yi n g o ut by G o ld s bo ro ug h O f t he l i n e s
fo r a fo r t t he s et t l emen t re ma i n ed un fo rt i fi ed a n d un p ro
,

t ec t ed . The o ppo rt un i t y c a me in 1 696 w hil e E yre w a s ,

s t ill Ag en t Th e i n s urre c t i o n o f R a j a h S uba h S i n g h

. ,

w h o s ei ze d H o o g hly a n d M oo rs h eda ba d a n d a d v a n ce d i n ,

D ec embe r o f t h a t y ea r up o n S ut t a n ut t ee ex t o r t ed fro m ,

t h e un r ea dy N a bo b I bra h i m Kh a n a t D a cc a t h e l o n g

d el a y ed p er mi s s i o n t o t he E n g li s h t o d efe n d t h ems el v es .

The s et t l em en t w a s s ec ured fr o m t h e a t t a c k o f S uba h S i n g h

by m ea n s o f t he g ua rd s h ip s w hi c h la y a t a n c h o r in t h e
,

ri v er : a n d fo r t i fi c a t i o n s w ere h urri edly run up a n d r a pidl y

p us hed o n a ft e r t h e w i t h dr a w a l o f t h e da n g er A ba s t i o n .

a n d a w al l ed en c l o s ur e w e r e c o m p le t ed b J a n ua ry 1 6 9 7
y , ,

a n d w e fi n d t h e C o m p a n y s s e rv a n t s a t C a l c ut t a w ri t i n
’

g t o

M a dr a s fo r t en g un s t o a rm t he po i n t s *
In t h e fo ll o w i n g
.

y ea r ( 1 69 8) c o n fi d en c e h a d bee n s o fa r es t a bli s h ed t h a t a
v i o ro us a t t e m t w a s m a de t o i d fi i t t t u i
g p g a n a e n e s a s n

t he ey es o f t h e C o un t ry P o w er s by O bt a i n i n g fr o m
Az i m us h s h a n t h e g r a n d s o n o f A ura n z ebe w h o w a s
- -
,
g ,

t he n V i c e ro y o f B en a l c e rt a i n pri v ile es o f t r a d e a s w el l
g , g
a s p e r mi s s i o n t o r e n t t h e t hr ee v ill a f S u t t u t t
g es o a n ee ,

G o v i n dp o re a n d C a l c ut t a U n h a ppily A ura n g z ebe hi m s e l f

.

A f ul l d es c ri p t io n of o ld F o rt Wi l l ia m w il l be f o un d i n th e

s ec o n d a rt O f t h i s bo o k
p .
 E AR LY D AY S o r THE L
S E TT E M E N T . 15

a nd M urs hed K uli Kh a n h is D ew a n in B en ga l h a d li t t l e

, ,

liki n g fo r t h e fo rei g n me rc h a n t s The Mo g ul beli ev ed .

t h a t t h ey w e re i n s o me ma n n er c o n nec t ed w i t h t he pir a t es
w h o i n f es t ed t he A r a b i a n Sea a n d pl un d er ed t h e pil g ri ms

o n t h ei r w a y t o M ecc a : a n d h e w o ul d h a v e dri v en t h em

a l t o get h er o ut of I n di a ex cep t fo r t he c on s id era t i o n

,

t h a t h i s co mmer c e a n d r ev e n ue w o uld s uffe r in c o n s e

u e n c e T h e D ew a n o n hi s pa rt r es o l ved t h a t if t he
q . , , ,

s t r a n g er s r ema i n ed t h ey s h o uld be ma d e t o co n t ri but e

,

hea v ily t o t h e I mp eri a l E x c h eq uer He pr ev en t ed t h e

.

l o c a l z emi n d a r s fro m s ell i ng t he t hree v ill a ges t o t h e

C o mp a n y a n d k ep t t he fa c t o r s i n a c o n s t a n t s t a t e o f
,

un c e r t a i n t y a nd a l a rm by a s s umi n g a n a t t i t ud e fi r s t o f
h o s t ili t y a n d t he n o f fri en dl in es s a n d a ga i n o f h o s t ili t y .

W h en A ura ngz ebe ha d in 1 702 g i ven o rd ers t o s ei z e a n d

c o n fi n e ev e ry E uro p ea n i n h is d o m i n i o n s t he Pr es id en t
,

a t F o rt W il l i a m, J o h n B ea rd h a d s a i d bo ldly en o ugh t h a t
,

f o r c e a n d a s t ro n g fo rt i fi c a t i o n w er e bet t er t h a n a n a m
b a s s a do r . B ut h is co ll ea g ue s h eld a di ff er en t v i ew a n d ,

w e r e fo r ev er s en di n g v a k eel s w i t h pr es en t s o f mo n ey a n d

r i c h me rc h a n di se t o l a c a t e t h e D e w a n a n d bt i fr m
p o a n o

h i m perw a n n a h s a n d s ur mud s w hi c h w er e n o t w o rt h t he

p p a e r t h e y w e r e w ri t t e n o n T h
. e C o m p a n y h a d h o w ev e r , ,

s u fli c ien t ly s ec ur ed t he i r p o s i t i o n i n B en g a l by 1 6 99 t o
e n t i t l e t h em t o rec ei v e fr o m t h ei r h o n o ur a ble ma s t er s t h e

d i s t i n c t io n i mpli ed i n t he el ev a t i o n o f t h ei r fa c t o ry t o t he
ra n k o f a n i n d e pe n d e n t Pr es id en c y a n d t h e n a me o f F o r t

W i l li a m w a s in t he fol l o w i n g y ea r c o n ferred up o n it s ri s i n g
'

fo r t i n c o mm e mo r a t i o n o f t h e re i g n i n g Ki n g
. .

I he d ea t h o f Aura n gz ebe in 1 707 p en ed t h e g a t es

’ ‘

to a flood o f c i v il w a r a n d a na rc hy ,
w hi c h t h rea t en ed
16 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

to r ea c t s eri o us ly upon t he C o mp a n y s t r a d e A ho t
’
.

h ea d ed ph o us d a r a t H oo ghly t o o k a d v a n t a ge o f t he dis
o rd er ed s i t ua t i o n t o s t o p t h e s a l t pe t r e bo a t s a n d i mpri s o n

t he s erv a n t s O f t h e C o mp a n y : a n d a n a t t a c k o n F o rt
‘

W illi a m s eemed i mmi n en t O n ly t he n o rt h ea s t a n d s o ut h

.
-

ea s t ba s t i o n s h a d up t o t hi s t i me been er ec t ed w i t hi n t he

w a l led en c l o s ur e : a n d t h e O ppo r t un i t y w a s t a k e n t o a dd

t w o mo r e ba s t i o n s o n t h e ri v er s id e B ut th e s t o r m b l ew
-
.

o v er ,
a n d t h e C o un c il s et t o w o rk t o s ec ur e fro m t he n ew

E mp ero r S h a h Al a m a r en ew a l o f t h ei r p ri v il eg es o f
t ra d e . A f t er muc h h a g g li ng a n d bl us t eri n g t h e per ,

ma n n a h w a s o bt a i n ed o n pa y men t o f fo r t y fi ve t h o us a n d -

r up ees : a n d t he s upe ri n t en d en t O f t h e ro y a l t re a s ury w h o ,

w a s pl ea s ed t o v i s i t C a l c ut t a i n O c t o ber 1 709 was , ,

recei v ed v ery c i v illy a n d pl a c a ted w i t h a pr ese n t o f

o n e t h o us a n d r up ees v a l ue .

F ro m 1 7 1 1 to r ul ed o v er t h e s et t l e me n t
1 7 1 3 t h e re
a r a n d s o n o f O l iv er C ro mw ell i n t h e p er s o n o f J o h n
g ,

R us s ell t h e so n o f a C a mbrid ges hi re ba r o n et a n d o f t h e

,

I ro t ec t o r s y o un g es t a n d fa v o uri t e d a ug h t er F r a n c es
’ ’
.

Thr ee y ea rs befo r e h is a ppo i n tm en t t o t h e g o v er n o r s hi p ,

H en ry F ra n kla n d w h o w a s t he s ec o nd s o n o f h is s i s t e r
,

E li z a bet h a rri v ed i n I n di a a nd l a t er o n fr o m 1 7 26 t o
, , ,

1 7 28 hi m s elf oc c upi ed t h e c hi e f pl a c e i n C o un c il
, Y et .

of
’
a n o t h er sc ion t h e Pr o t ec t o r s s toc k w a s N i c h ol a s
M o r s e Go v ern o r o f M a dra s a t t he t i me o f i t s s urr en de r
,

t o D e l a B o urd o n n a i s i n 1 7 46 a n d t he i ro n y o f f a t e w a s
,

n ev er bet t er ex empli fi ed t h a n w he n i t co nd em n ed t h e
‘

d es c en d a n t o f Crom w el l a n d I r et o n to ma rc h w i t h t h e
me mber s o f h is C o un c il in h umili a t i n g p roc es s i o n t h r o u h
g
t h e s t r eet s O f P o n di c h erry A n o t h er R us s ell t h e g ra n d
.
,
 18 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

t o a ver t t h e j ud g emen t O f h ea v en fro m fal li ng upo n t h e

”
n a t i o n fo r t h e s i n s o f y o ur a n c es t o r O li v er ? Is i t
n o t h umili a t i o n en o ug h r epli ed t he G o v ern o r s d a ugh t e r ’
,

fo r a desc en d a n t o f t h e g re a t Cro mw e ll
“
w i t h s piri t ,

”
t o be pi n n i n g up y o ur s i s t er s t a il ? It i s pl ea s a n t t o s ee
’

t h a t ev en t h e d ege n er a t e a t mo s ph ere o f t he ei g h t een t h

c en t ury c o uld no t s t i fle t h e S pi ri t o f t h e g ri m P ro

t ec t o r . Y e t w e w o n d er w h a t M i s s R us s el l a n d he r re
d o ubt a bl e fo r bea r a lik e w o uld h a ve s a id i f t hev c o ul d ,

h a v e s een t he s t vle O f t he l et t er s a dd res s ed by G o v ern o r

J o h n t o t h e E mp ero r F urruc ks eer ?
Th e r eq ues t O f t h e
s ma ll e s t p a r t i c l e o f s a n d , J o h n R us s ell pres id en t fo r t h e ,

E n g li s h E a s t I n d ia C o mp a n y so r un s o n e o f t h e
,

epi s t l e s t ra n s c ri bed by D r \V il s o n . w i t h h i s fo r e h e a d
,

a t c o mma n d
'

rub d o n t h e G ro un d a n d re v ere n c e d ue ,

fro m a S l a v e a mo ng t h o s e t h a t ma k e t h eir r eq ue s t t o
y o ur Thro n e w hi c h is t he S ea t o f M ir a c les y o u re t he ,
’

Lo rd o f t he ‘V O I ld a n d t he pres en t a ge a S upp o r t a n d
‘

a s h a d e t o a ll t h a t i n ha bit e t he w o rld y o u eq ua l l i z e t h e ,

o ur Thr o n e R es embl es t h a t o f S o l o mo n s
’

g r ea t D a ri us y , ,

y o u re a s ec o n d C vrus a C o n q uero ur o f C o un t ry s a
’
, ,

S t re n g t h n er o f t h e ro o t o f j us t i c e a n d a n e r a d i c a t o r O f
,

”
v i o l en c e a n d o ppr es s i o n .

Th er e was so me met h o d
h o w ever i n t hi s s el f a ba s e
, , -

m en t . Fo r i n S pi t e O f t h e c o n c es s i o n s p urc h a s ed fr o m

t he repr e s en t a t i v es o f t h e M o g ul M urs h ed K uli Kh a n , ,

t h ei r o ld e n e my c o n t i n ued t o pr es s t h e C o mp a n y h a rd
, .

Th i s r ema rk a bl e ma n w ho w a s t he s o n o f a D e k h a n i
,

B r a h mi n h a d been i n 1 701 a pp o i n t ed t o t he d ew a n n y
,

o f B en g a l by A ura n g z ebe a n d w a s r a pidly i n c r ea s i n g

 EA R LY DA YS o r THE L
S E TT E M E N T. 19

h is po w er a n d i n fl uenc e a t Moo rs h eda ba d w hi t h er he ha d ,

re mo v e d h i s c a pi t a l fr o m D a c c a ,
a n d w h e r e h e r e i g n ed

u n t il h i s d e a t h i n 1 7 2 5 H
. i s e x a c ti o n s b e c a m e s o g ri e v o u s

h
t a t i t w a s d e t e r m i n e d i n 1 7 1 5 t o s e n d a n E mb a s s y t o D elhi

t o r e pr es e n t t h e g ri e v a n c e s O f t h e C o m p a n y t o t he E mp er o r

F e ro k h s h a h ( Furruc k s ee r
) .

The M o gul h a d lr ea dy s h o w n s y mp a t hy w i t h t h em by
a

i s s ui ng o rd er s t o M urs h ed K ul i Kh a n in J a n ua ry o f t h e
pr ec edi ng y ea r t o c ea s e h i s i n t erf eren c e w i t h t he E ng li s h
t r a d e : a n d t he ev e n t ha d been c el eb r a t ed in C a l c ut t a w i t h

d e j o i e a n d t h e dri n ki n g o f t h e he a l t h s o f Q ueen
a [ e a - -

A n n e a n d Ki n g F urruc k s eer w i t h fi ft y o ne g un s t o ea c h -

h ea l t h . The E mba s s y c o n s i s t ed o f J o h n S ur ma n a n d
E d w a rd S t eph ens o n t w o o f t h e a bl es t f a c t o r s i n t h e
,

s e r v i c e : a w ea l t hy A r me n i a n merc h an t n a med Kh o j a h ,

S e r b a n d w ho a c t ed a s i n t erp ret e r a n d
,
i ll ia m H a m il t o n
, ,

a s urg eo n o n t h e es t a bli s h men t a t Fo rt W il l i a m The \ .

c a r ri ed pr es en t s fo r t h e M o g ul a n d h i s c o ur t v a l ued a t

a n d a rri v ed a t D elhi o n t he 8t h J uly 1 71 5 , ,

a fte r a ma rc h o f th r ee mo n t h s h a vi ng o n t h e w a v ,

pro c l a i med Hi s M a j es t y Ki ng G eo rge t he Fi rs t w it h

a l l t he c e r e mo n y t h ey w e r e M a s t er s o f befo re Ag r a o n
t h e 1 7 t h J un e .B ut i t w a s n o t un t il J a n ua ry 1 71 6 , ,

t h a t t h ey c o uld g a i n p er m i s s i o n t o pr es en t t h ei r pet i t i o n

a n d t h ey m i g h t ev en t he n h a v e r e t ur n ed empty h a n d ed -
,

ha d it n o t been fo r a h a ppy c i rc ums t a n c e w hi c h rec a ll s

t he t i me h o n o ured t r a d i t i o n o f S urg eo n G a b ri el B o ug h
-

t o n s c ure o f t he d a ug h t er o f S h a h J eh a n
’
.

The E mper o r h a d been ill , a nd h a v i ng p er s ua d ed

been
to a ll o w H a mil t o n , t he S urgeo n O f t he E mba s s y t o a t t en d
,
20 CA LC U TTA O LD AN D N Ew .

h im , w a s r es t o r ed t o h ea l t h He w a s pl ea s ed t o re
.

w a rd M r H a mil t o n fo r h is c a re a n d s uc c es s
. w ro t e ,

S ur ma n t o t he C o un c il a t C a l c ut t a by pres en t i ng h i m ,

w i th a v es t o r r o be o f h o no ur a n el eph a n t a h o rs e , , ,

t w o d ia mo n d ri n g s a n d fi v e th o us a n d r upees b ut h is g ra
t i t ude w a s s uc h t h a t h e a s k ed t he d o c t o r to n a me a n v

o t he r r e w a rd w hi c h h e c o uld c o n fe r up o n h i m H a m i lt o n .

a t o n c e beso u h t t h e E m p e r o r t o c o n c ed e t o t h e E n l i s h
g g
E m ba s s y t h e o bj ec t o f t h e ir m i s s i o n a n d fi n a lly a f t er , ,

fur t h e r t ed i o us d el a y a n d w i t h t h e a id o f a li t t l e w ell
”
t i med bri be ry a firma n w a s h a n d ed t o S ur m a n g r a n t i n g
, ,

t o t h e C o mp a n y t h e pri v il eg e o f fr ee t r a d e a n d a l s o pe r

m i s s i o n t o p ur c h a s e t h ir t y s ev en v ill a g es a dj a c e n t t o t h e
-

t h r e e a l rea d v a c q ui red i n 1 698 a n d e x t e n di n g t en m il es

s o ut h O f C a l c ut t a a l o n t h e b a n k o n ei t h e r S id e o f t h e
g
ri v e r Ho o gh l v The E mba s s v ret urn ed in t ri um ph a ft e r
.

a s t a y o f e x a c t l v t w o ve a rs a t t h e C o ur t o f t h e M o g ul .

S urg eo n Ha m il t o n w h o s e ,
me mo ry o ug h t t o be d ea r t o
t h i s N a t io n fo r t he c r edi t h e g a i n e d t h e E n g li s h did n o t ,

li v e t o r ec ei v e t he re w a rd s o f hi s c o un t ry men He di ed .

i n C a l c ut t a o n D ec e m ber 4 1 7 1 7 ba r ely a mo n t h a ft e r
, ,

*
h is a r ri v a l b ut t he f rui t s O f h i s s uc c es s w e re n o t l o n g i n
,

ma ki n g t h em s el v es a pp ar en t The p urc h a s e O f t h e t hi rt y
.

s e v e n v ill a g e s w a s n o t i n fa c t eff ec t ed o w i n g t o t h e O p po
, , ,

s i t io u o f M urs h e d K uli K h a n w h o us ed a ll h i s a ut h o ri t y
,

t o pr ev e n t t h e z em i n d a rs f ro m m a ki n g o v e r t h e l a n d s

b ut t h e p riv il eg e s o f f re e t ra d e a n d t h e o t h er fa c i li t i e s
a n d i m m un i t i e s be s t o w ed up o n t h e C o mp a n y mo r e t h a n

H is t o mbst o n e is a mon g t ho s e i n t h e C h a rn o c k M a us o l eum i n

t he ol d bury in g-gro un d a dj o i n i n g S t . J o hn ’
s C h urch .
 EA R LY D AY S O F THE L
S E TT E M E N T. 21

co mp en s a t ed fo r an
y i
a c ce s s o n of te rri t o ry . Th e i n
”
h a bi t a n t s of
C a l c utt a s a vs S t ew a r t i n h i s hi s t o ry O f
, ,

B en g a l en j o y ed a ft e r t h e r et ur n o f t h e E mba s s y
C
,
a ,

d eg r ee O f f reed o m a n d s ec uri t y un k n o w n t o t he o t h er
s ub j ec t s o f t h e M o g ul E mpi r e ; a n d t h a t c i t y i n c re a s ed

y ea rly i n w ea l t h bea ut y a n d ri c he s, S uc c es s pro d uc ed

,
.

n e w a d v en t ur es a n d bes id es a n umbe r o f E n gl i s h pri v a t e

,

me rc h a n t s li c en sed by t h e C o mp a n y C a l c ut t a w a s i n a , ,

s h o r t t i me o pl ed b P r t u u A rm i M ul a nd
p e , y o g e s e e n a n o g , , ,

H i n d o o merc h a n t s w ho c a rri ed o n t h eir c o m merc e un d e r

,

t h e p r o t ec t i o n o f t h e B r i t i s h fl a g t h us t he s hi ppi n g bel o n g

i n g t o t h e po r t i n t h e c o ur s e o f t en y ea r s a ft e r t he E m
,

ba s s y a mo un t ed t o t e n t h o us a n d t o n s a n d ma n y i n d iv i
, ,

d ua l s a m a s s ed fo r t un e s w i t h o ut i n j ur y t o t h e C o m p a n y s
’

t r a d e o r i n c urri n g t h e di s p lea s ur e o f t h e M o g ul G o v er n
,
”
me n t .

Th e la nd lly h eld by t h e E n g li sh a t C a lc ut t a a t
a c t ua

t hi s t i me a mo un t ed sa y s D r C R W il s o n t o a bo ut
'

. .
, . ,

bi g h a s o r a c r es t h a t is a bo ut o n e t hird O f
, ,
-

t h e pr es en t a r ea o f t h e To w n I t w a s a bo ut t h ree m il es
.

i n l e n g t h a n d a bo ut a m il e i n b rea d t h i t s i n la n d bo un d a ry ,

b e i n g t h e mo d er n C h it po re R o a d w hi c h a ffo rd ed a cc es s ,

fa mo us K a lig h a t Templ e Th e C o m p a n y s
“ ’
to t he .

C o l o ny s a y s C a p t a i n A l e x a n d er H a mil t o n
,
w h o v i s i t ed ,

it in 1 71 0 c o n t a i n i n a ll a bo ut
, or s o ul s ,

a n d t he C o m p a n y s r ev en ues a re p r e t t y g o o d a n d w ell
’

pa i d Th ey ri s e fr o m G ro un d r en t s a n d C o n s ul a g e o n
.
-

a l l g oo d s i m p o r t ed a nd ex p o r t ed by B ri t i s h s ubj ec t s ; b ut
”
a l l n a t i v es bes id es a re fr ee fr o m t a x es .

Th e t hree v ill a g es ma y be s a id ro ug h ly s p ea ki ng , ,

to h a ve ex t en d ed a l o n g t he ri v er fr o m C o o li e B a z a r w h ere ,
 22 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW

t he bu ildi ng s Of t he C o mm i s s a ri a t no w s ta n d i n t he i i
vc

P ri n s ep but t he E n g li s h set
’
n ity of s C h at , t o C h i t po re :

t le me n t pro per w as a ve ry s ma ll a ff a i r i n d ee d It w a s
.

c o n fine d t o t he lo c a li t y h a rd bv the
be t w een B a bo o G h at ,
mo d er n E d en G a rd en s a n d a p o i n t a bo ut a h un dred y a rds
,

n o r t h O f Cli v e S t ree t S urro un di n g i t w a s t he n a t i v e po r

.

“ ”
tion o f D hee C a l c ut t a a n d t o t h e n o r t h w a s S ut t a n ut t ee
,
.

O n t h e s o ut h s t o o d G o v in d po re hi g h o n t he ri v er ba nk ,
-

a n d c o v e re d w i t h t hi c k j un g l e Th e t o t a l a mo un t o f in
.

h a bi t ed l a n d w a s o n l y a bo ut 840 bi g h a s o r o n e s i x t h of ,
-

t h e t erri t o ry c o n ve y ed by t h e s a n a d O f Az i m us s h a n : a nd
.
- -

o f t hi s 204 bi g h a s w a s a bs o rbed by t h e S et t l e men t i t s el f ,

a nd 400 by t he g rea t B a z a r t o i t s i mmedi a t e n o rt h .

I n C o lo ne l M a rk “ o o d s M a p O f 1 7 84 p ubli s h ed i n 1 792
’
f
,

by M r . B a illi e S ut t a n ut te e i s d es c ri bed a s ex
,

t e n di n g fr o m C h i t p o re i n t h e n o r t h t o w ha t is d es i g n a t ed

in t h e ma p a s J o r a Ha g a n G h at a li t t l e be l o w N i mt o lla h ,

Gh at . Th en c e c o mm en c ed t he no r t h e r n bo un d a ry of
D h ee C a l c ut t a a n d t h a t v ill a g e pro c eed ed s o ut h a s fa r
,

a s B a bo o G h at H ere Go v in dp o re bega n a n d en d ed a t t he
.

Go v i n dp o re Cr eek a f t er w a rd s c a l led S urma n s N ull a h a nd

,
’

l a t er To lly s N ull a h ’
.
 C H A P TE R 111 .

T H E C A LC l TTA O F QU EEN
'

AN N E .

“f l Z h a v e mo r e t h a n
-
o nepi c t ur e fro m c o n tempo r a ry h a n d s
o f t he C a l c ut t a o f Q ueen A n n e a n d Ki ng G eo rg e t h e F ir s t .

T h e pi vo t O f t he s et t lemen t mus t be s o ug h t i n w h a t is n o w
D a lh o us i e S q ua r e but w a s t h en k n o w n a s t he L a ll B a g h
,

o r P a rk I n t he c en t re w a s t h e L a ll D i g hi o r g rea t Ta n k
.
, ,

w hi c h h a d bee n i n e x i s t en c e be fo re t he c o mi n g O f C h a rn oc k

w i t hi n w h a t w a s o n c e t he en c l o s ure o f t he c ut c he rry o f t he

fo r me r z emi n d a rs l t Vt a s d eep en ed a nd l eng th en ed in 1 709

.

a n d c o n v er t ed fro m a dir t y po n d f ull O f w eed s a n d n o x i o us

ma t t er i n t o a muc h n eed ed r es er v o i r o f s w eet w a t er . The

r t r p r t f t h w t r ri r i d e d o f t h e P a rk
g e a e a o e e s e n o r v e s e g e

w a s g i v en o v e r t o t he Fo r t w hi c h la y bet w een t h e po i n t s
,

n o w d e ma rc a t ed by F a i rlie Pl a c e a n d K o il a Gh at It w a s
n o w s t r o ng e n o ug h t o w a rd o ff a n y a t t a c k by t he c o un t ry
”
p o w e r s b u
, t t h e b u ildi n g s w i t hi n i t h a d b e en e r ec t ed v e ry
l ei s urely O f t he n ew Fa c t o ry H o us e o n ly o n e s t o r ey h a d
.

been fi n i s he d w h en t he U n i t ed C o un c i l c a me i n t o p o w er i n
1 704 . Th e c o n s ul t a t i o n bo o k s h o w s us S i r E d w a rd Li t t le
t o n c a l li n g i n C a l c ut t a o n h is w a u t h ri r H hly
y p e v e o o g ,

a nd s i t t i n d w t t h h d f t he C o un c il t a bl e t o di s c us s
g o n a e ea o -

w here he i s t o li ve . He t hi n k s t h a t a h o us e i n t h e t o w n
w il l be mo s t c o n v en i en t t o h i m t h er e bei n b u t f w d
, g e g oo

r o o ms bei n g fi n i s hed i n t he F o rt . Th er e w a s n o S t r a n d
R oa d a n d t he w a v es o f t h e H o o hly l a pp ed t he r a mp a r t s
,
g
o f the Fo r t To t he s o uth t he r e ex t en d ed fr o m K o il a G h at
.
,

t o Cha n d a l G h at t he mo ut h O f a c r ee k n a v i a b le fo r l a r e
p , g g
24 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N Ew .

bo a t s , hi c h p a s s ed a l o n g H a s t i n g s S t r eet a n d ma d e it s
w

w a y t h ro ug h Creek R o w a n d W elli n g to n S q ua r e t o B a lli a

g h a t t a n ea r t h e S a l t l a k e s
-
O n
. t h e o t h e r s id e O f t h i s c r eek
w e r e bus hy t r ees ( w hi c h w e r e a f t e r w a rd s r e m o v ed b y
d eg rees ) t h a tc h ed h o v el s a n d po o l s O f fet id w a t er w hi c h
,

ren d er ed a n y t hi n b u t i n v i t i t h p a t h t h a t l e d a c r o s s it
g n g e

p a s t t h e buri a l g ro un d a n d t h e h o s pi t a l t o t h e Go v i n d po re
-

fi eld s w h e r e t he mo d er n F o r t W illi a m s t a n ds
, B ey o nd
.

t h e p ur ely E uro p ea n buildi n g s lyi n g a ro un d t he F o r t w ere

fo ur v ill a g es o f mud a n d ba mboo a ll o f w hi c h w e re i n c l uded

,

i n t h e z e mi n d a ry li mi t s O f t h e o ri g i n a l s et t l e men t Th es e
.

v i ll a g es w ere t h e o ri i n a l t hr ee w i t h t he a dd i t i o n O f Ch o w
g
ri n g h ee ,
w hi c h w a s i n 1 7 1 7 a h a ml et o f i s o l a t ed h o v el s ,

s urro un d ed by w a t e r l o gged p a d d y fi elds a n d ba mb oo

- -

g r o v e s a n d s ep a ra t ed fro m G o v i n d po re by a t i g er
h a un t ed j ung l e w h ere ex p a n d s t h e g r a s s y l ev el O f t he
ma id a n . T he E s p l a n a d e w a s a j un g l e n o t y et c l ea r ed ,

i n t er s p ers ed w i t h a few h ut s a n d s ma ll pl o t s o f g r a z i n g
a nd a ra bl e la nd s B eyo n d t he C h it po re R o a d
. w hi c h ,

fo rme d t h e ea s t e rn bo un d a ry o f t he s e t t l e men t la y mo re ,

po o l s s w a mp s a n d ri c e fi elds d o t t ed h ere a n d t h er e w i t h
,
-
,

t h e s t r a gg li n g h ut s o f fi s h ermen fa l c o n er s w o o d c ut t e rs
, ,
-
,

w e a v e r s a n d c ul t i v a t o rs .

Th e E n g l is h i n h a bi t a n t s l iv ed pri n c ip a lly in t he i m me
di a t e n ei g h bo urh o od o f t h e Fo r t a n d t he P a rk The .
“

”
t o w n ri s i n g a bo ut t hi s O ld F o r t
,
s a y s C a pt a i n A l e x a n d er
,

H a mil t o n li k e o ne a bo ut a ba r o n i a l c a s t l e i n t h e medi e
,

v a l t i mes w a s b ui lt w i t h o ut o rd er a s t he b uild e r s t h o ug h t
, ,

mo s t c o n v en i en t fo r t h ei r o w n a ffa ir s ev ery o n e t a ki n g ,

w h a t g r o un d bes t pl ea s ed t h e m fo r g a rd en i n g so that ,

i n mo s t h o us e s Y o u m us t p a s s t h r o ug h a g a rd e n i n t o t h e
26 c a nc e r“ AN D s ew .

o be e y d a n d w h o s o m e t i m e s c o un s e l t oo k
— a nd
s o m e
,

"
t i m es t ea F r o m. h
t e e a s t g a t e o f t h e F o r t p a s s i n
g ,
t h e

h
c u c r h a nd fo r m ng i t h e n o r t h e r n b o u n d a ry o f t h e P a r k ,

r a n h
o ut t e g r e a t E a s t e r n r o a d t o t h e S a lt l a k e s n o w
-
.

k n o w n a s La ll Ba z a r a n d Bo w Ba z a r S t reet s c ro s sed ,

at a littl e di s t a n c e by t he pri n c ip a l hi gh w a y o f t he
n a t i v e t r a ffi c t h e i mme mo ri a l pil g ri m p a t h t o K a l ig h a t
, ,

di s g ui s ed t o d a y un d er s uc h v a ri o us n a mes a s C hi t po re
-

R o a d C o s s a it o lla h G ully ( o r B en t i n c k S t reet ) a n d C h o w

,

ri n g h ee R o a d A t t he c ro s s ro a d s w a s t h e s po t a p p ro
.
- .
,

p ri a t el m rk d b t h P o li c C o u r t o f t o d a y w h e r-e c ri
y a e y e e ,,

mi n a l j us t i c e w a s p ubli c ly me t ed o ut t o o ff en d er s Alo ng .

t hi s g rea t E a s t e r n r o a d a n d i t s bi s ec t i n g th o ro ug h f a r e ,

t he g a rd en h o us es o f t h e w ea l t hi e r o f t he C o m p a n y s
'

merc h a n t s a n d o f t h e o p ul en t n a t i ve t ra d er s w e re be g i n
, ,

ni n
g t o b e c o m e n um e r o u s O f t h e
. s e l a t t e r t h e f a m o
, us

P un j a bi O m ic h a n d w a s j us t begi n n i n g a c a reer i n w hi c h
h e a ma s s ed pr o di g i o us w e a l t h by a l mo s t mo n o p o l i z i ng
t he i n t er medi a ry t ra d e bet w e en t he C o un t ry a n d t he C o m

p a n y un t il t he s y s t em w a s in 1 7 53 a bo li s h ed i n fa vo ur
,

o f t h a t o f r ur a l C o ll ec t o r s S o mew h er e i n t he n e ig h bo ur
.

h o o d o f a n d po s s i bly n o t fa r fro m w h a t is n o w M iddl eton

, ,

S t reet la y t h e C o mp a n y s g a rd en a pr e t t y good
’

”
g a rd e n H a m ,i l t o n c a ll s i t t h a t f
,u rn i s he s t h e G o ver

n o r s t a bl e w i t h h er ba e a n d f r ui t s ; a n d s o me fi s h p o nds
’

g
"
t o s er v e h is ki t c h en w i t h g oo d c a rp c a lko p s a n d m ull et ,
.

Th e G o ve r n o r ha d h is i l res id en c e w i t hi n t h e Fo rt ;
o ffi c a

a n d w i t hi n t h e F o r t a l s o w er e c o n v en i en t l o d g i n g s for
i t

fa c t o r s a n d w ri t er s i n w ha t w a s k n o w n a s t h e L o ng
Ro w . The c o lle gi a t e s v s t em w a s s t ill i n fo rc e a n d o nl y ,
 THE C A C L U TTA OF Q U E E N AN N E .

t he ma rri ed me n p e r mi t t ed es t a bli s h me n t s o f t hei r

we e r
Th e g a rri s o n o f F o r t W ill ia m g en er a lly c o n s i s t ed
'

ow n .

”
o f t w o o r t hr ee h un dr ed s o ldi er s mo r e a c c o rdi ng t o
, ,

H a mil to n fo r t o c o n v ey t he ir fl eet fro m P a t n a w i t h t h e

,

C o mp a n y s s a l t pet r e a n d pi ec e go od s ra w s ilk a n d so me
’

,
-
. ,

o pi um bel o n g i n g t o o t h e r merc h a n t s th a n fo r t he d efen c e ,

o f t he fo r t .

T h e re w as li t t l e
h o ug h t o f t erri t o ri a l po w er o r a g
t

r a n d is emen t i n t h e m i n d s o f t h e fa c t o r s o f t h o s e d a y s
g .

T h e v e r y n a me s o f t h e o ffi c es h eld by t h e me m ber s o f
C o un c il a t t h e P re s id enc y bet o k en t he p ea c ef ul c a use o f
t h e i r pr es e n c e i n th e E a s t Th e H o n o ur a bl e t h e Pres id en t
.

w as , o f c o ur s e t h e Chi e f i n C o un c il
, Th e \V o rs h ip ful .

t h e S ec o n d was us ua lly Chi e f a t C o s s i m ba z a r a nd ,

t he F o ur t h w a s a l s o o rdi n a ril y t i p c o un t ry in c h a rg e o f -

t h e s ubo rdi n a t e fa c t o ry a t D a c c a Th e Thi rd M embe r

.

p e rf o r m e d t h e d u t i es o f A c c o m p t a n t t h e F if t h w a s Ex,

po r t W a r eh o us e k eep e r t h e S i x t h I mp o r t
’

-
.

k eep e r t h e S ev en t h B ux ey o r P a y ma s t er t h e E i h t h
, , g ,

Z emi n d a r o r a s w e n o w c a ll hi m C o ll ec to r o f C a l c ut t a
, , ,

( o f w h o m w e a re pr e s e n t ly t o hea r
) a n d t h e N i
, n t h S ec r e

t a ry . Th e c o n s ul t a t i o n bo o k s k ep t by t hi s l a s t n a med -

fun c t i o n a ry a re full o f s id e l i h t s o n t h e li fe a n d
g
-

ma n n er s o f t he t i me Th ey w er e n o t a l w a y s fl us h o f
.

ca sh .
H a v i n g d e ma n d s o n us t o a g re a t a mo un t fo r
”
rea dy mo n ey a n d a l mo s t n o c a s h i n t he ho us e
. r un s ,

the en t ry fo r J a n ua ry 1 7 1 7 1 3 a g r eed t h a t w e en d ea
, ,
“

vour t o bo rr o w i n t er e s t
at r up ees t o s a ti s f y those
merch a n t s w h o a re pr e s s i n g fo r t h ei r mo n ev .

The sc a e ol f sa a l ri es w a s o f t he mo s t mo d es t ki n d . Th e
28 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

Pres id en t a n d Ch a pl a i n w e re p a id £ 1 00 y ra ea ea ch.

M embe rs o f C o un c i l w er e fa i n t o be c t o n e n t w i h
t £ 4 0 .

Th es e s a l a ri es w e re t o be p a id i n t h e C o u n t r y a s
'

tsh e

C o ur t a n d t he M a n a g ers di rec t a t t w o s hill i n g s a nd

,

i
s x p en c e t o t h e r upee . S r
u geo n H a m il t o n w e, di sc o ver

f ro m a li s t o f s a l a ri es p a id t o t h e c o v e n a n t e d s e rva n t s

of t he C om a n p y i n 1 7 1 2 ,
w a s c o n s id e r ed t o b e

s uffi c i en t ly r emun er a t ed w i t h a pi t t a n c e o f £ 36 a y ea r .

D i et a n d h o us e a ll o w a n c e w a s fi x ed a t R s 30
- . a mo n t h

fo r t h o s e t h a t li v ed o ut s i de t he Fo r t .Th e res t o f t h e C o m
r m d h r m m b l e b ut t he
’

p a n
y s s e v a n t s e s s e t o g e t e a t a c o o n t a ,

c h urc h burda rs-

o r c a t er e r s
, , e x a c t ed a me rc il es s r a t e o f
d us t o o rie a n d t he but l ers a n d mus sa ulc hees w er e
,
not

l es s fa ult y i n t he d es t r uc t i o n o f t a bl e li n en di s he s a nd ,
”
pl a t es , s o t h a t o n e d a y i n Ma v 1 7 1 3 a s o l emn me et i ng
,

o f t h e C o un c il a t F o rt W illi a m w a s h eld t o r ev i e w the

s i t ua t i o n . The ma t t er w a s c o n s id e red of s ufli c ien t

g r a v i t y t o be r ec o rd ed i n ex t en s o i n t he c o n s ul t a t i o n bo o k :

a n d t h e up s h o t o f t he d eli be r a t io n w a s t he pl a c i n
g o f a l l
t he g e n t l e m e n o f t h e C o m p a n y a t t h e P r e s i d en c v o n

bo a rd w a g es t h e C o un c il t o rec ei v e R s
,
40/ a mo n t h
.

ea c h , a nd a l l o t h e r me rc h a n t s ,
f a c t o r s a n d w ri t e r s a n d
, ,

”
t h e d oc t o r s , R s 20/ .

S o c ia l l ife w h e t h e r a t C a l c ut t a o r a t t he f a c t o ri es
,

up c o un t ry
-
w a s m uc h t h e s a me i n c h a r a c t e r
, Mo s t .

e n t l e m e n a n d l a di es i B en g a l s a v s H a m il t o n l i ve
g n , ,

b ot h s pl e n d idly a n d p lea s a n t l v : fo re n o o n s be i n g de di
c a t ed t o bus i n e s s a n d a ft e r di n n e r t o r es t a n d i n t h e ev en ,

i n g r ec r ea t e t he ms el v es i n c ha i s es o r p a l a n q ui n s i n t he
fi eld s o r t o g a r de n s o r by w a t e r i n t h e i r budge ro es w hi c h
, , ,
 THE C A C L U TTA OF Q U E E X u s e. 29

is a c o n v en en t i bo a th a t goes o v er s w if t ly w i t h t h e fo rc e
t

o f t h e o a rs O n t he ri v er s o met i me s t h ere i s t h e di v er s i o n
.

o f fi s h i n g o r fo w li n g o r bo t h ; a n d be fo re t h e n i g h t t h ey
,

ma k e f ri en dly v i s i t s t o o n e a n o t h er w h en p ri dle o r c o n ,

te tn i o n do n ot s op il so c i e t y w hi c h t,
o o o f te n t h e y d o

a mo n
g t he l a di es a ,s di s c o rd a n d f a c t i o n d o a m o n g m e n

Bo o k s w ere s c a rc e : a n d o ut d oo r g a me s r a r e - The fa c .

to r s w ilde s t ex c i t e me n t w a s t o s it i n M i s t r es s D o m i n go
’

As h s pa rl o ur s ippi ng a rr a c k p un c h a n d li s t en i n g t o t he
’

n ew s br o u h t b t h l t t h ip t h u w hi h le d
g y e a e s s o r e c a ,
s e s c

t o t h e e x pl o s i o n i n t h e P o w d er Mi ll a n d t h e l a t es t q ua rr el ,

a mo n g The C o un c i l met a t n i n e o c l oc k
’
t he di g n it i es .

in t h e mo r n i n g a t t he beg i n n i n g o f e a c h w eek : a n d w e
ma y pi c t ure t h em d res s ed in m us li n s hi r t s py ja ma s
, , ,

a n d s t a rc h ed w hi t e c a p s s itt i n g i n t he c o n s ul t a t i o n r oo m
,
-

o f t he n e w ly buil t h o us e w i t hi n t he Fo rt w i t h a c a se
‘
-
,

bo t t le o f g oo d o ld a rra c k a n d a gog l et o f w a t e r o n
t h e t a bl e w hi c h t h e s ec r et a ry w i t h s kilf ul h a n d c o n v er t ed
,

i n t o p un c h w h en t he oc c a s i o n a r o s e a n d p en n i n g t h ei r ,

i n t e r m i n a ble pr o t es t s a nd p et i t i o n s The r e w a s a l w a y s .

t he s h o w o f rel i g i o n a n d d ec o rum w hi c h ch a r a c t e ri z ed

the ea rly ha lf o f t h e eig h teen th c en t ury Th e c h a pl a i n.

rea d t he pr a y e r s in t he F a c t o ry ev ery mo r n i n g a n d

ev en i n a n d t h e r e w a s a s o l em n pr oc es s i o n t o c h urc h o n
g,

Sun d a y s h ea de d by t he Go v e rn o r
,
W h en t h er e w a s n o
c h a pl a i n , t h e pr a y e r s w er e rea d a n d t h e s er mo n pre a c h ed

by a M ember o f Co un c il
“
w ho h a v i n g pr o v ide d B l a c k
,

App a rrell fo r t h a t S e rv i c e a g r eed t h a t w e g a v e h im a

,

g r a t u i t y o f o n e h un d r e d ru p e e s W h e n .t h e y f e ll ill t h e y ,

too k a run up t he ri v er t o N udd e a a n d w h en t he v di ed ,

t he i r la s t w ill a n d te s t a men t w a s s o le m n lv r ec o rd ed i n
'

t he c o n s ult a t i o n bo o k s .
 30 C A LC L I TA
‘
O LD AN D N EW
‘

Pri v a te t ra d e w a s o f c o ur s e l a rg ely i n d ulged in a s a

, ,

mea n s o f eki n g o ut t he p et t y o ffi c i a l s t ipen d s but t h e ,

fa c to r s did n o t beli ev e i n d o i n g un t o o t h ers a s t h ey w o uld

”
be d o n e by . Al t h o ug h to q uo t e H a mil t o n o nc e
,

a ga i n , t he c o n s c rip t f a t h e rs di s a g reed in ma n y p o i n t s

a mo n g t h ems elv es y e,
t t h e y a l l a g r ee i n o ppr e s s i n g
s t r a n g e r s w h o a re c o n s i g n e d t o t h em n o t s uff e ri n, g t h e m
t o buy o r s ell t h e i r g o o d s a t t he mo s t a d v a n t a g eo us

ma rke t s but o f t h e Go v er n o r a n d h i s C o un c i l w h o fi x
, ,

t h eir o w n pri c es hi g h o r lo w a s s eeme th bes t t o t h e i r

, ,

w i s d o m a n d di s c r et i o n Th e c o l o n y h a s v ery li t t l e m a n u
.

fa c t o ry o f it s o w n ; fo r t he G ov e rn men t bei n g p r et t y
a r bi t r a ry ,
di s c o ur a g es i ngen ui t y a n d i n d us t ry in t he p o
l i h C m p y h i
’

p u a c e ; fo r b y t h e w e g t o f t h e o a n s a ut o r t v ,

i f a n a t i v e c h a n c es t o di s o bli g e o n e o f t h e upper h o us e -
,

he is li a ble t o a r bi t r a ry p un i s h men t o r c o rpo r a l s uffe r ,

in g s The C o mp a n y s s erv a n t s t o o k f ull a d v a n t a g e o f

’
.

t h e i r ex c l us i v en es s : a n d i f a ma n w e r e o n ly l uc ky e n o ug h

t o es c a p e l a yi n
g h i s b o n es w i t hi n t h e c o n fi ne s o f t h e

M a hr a t t a D i tc h o r i n t he buryi n g g ro un d w hi c h la y h a rd b y
-

t h e h o s pi t a l h e m i g h t c o un t upo n re t ur n i n t E u r i
, g o o p e n

ea s v c i r c ums t a n c es .The o d d s w e r e h o w ev e r g re a t l y , ,

a g a i n s t h i s e v e r l ea v i n g B en a l
g T h e s e t t
. l e m en t l i te r a l l y

re e k ed w i t h m a l a ri a M o r t a li t y w a s s o ex t ra o rdi n a ri l y
.

h ig h , th a t de a t h li t era lly o v er s h a d o w ed ev e ry s o ul .

Ha mil t o n s a y s t h a t i n o ne y ea r o ut o f t he t w el v e h un d r e d
,

E n g l is h in C a l c ut t a n o les s t h a n 460 di ed bet w ee n Aug us t

,

a nd t he fo ll o w i n g J a n ua ry Th ere w a s n o h o s p i t a l
.

un t il t h e a ut umn o f 1 707 a n d up t o A ug us t 1 705 o n l y

,

o n e d oc t o r . O f t hi s h o s pi t a l t h e o bs e r v a n t C a p t a i n h a s
n o v ery c h ee r ful a c c o un t t o g i v e Th e C o mp a n y
.
he ,
 THE C A C L U TTA or Q uee x As s e . 31

sa ys ,
pr et t y goo d h o s pi t a l a t C a l c ut t a w h er e
ha s a ,

ma y g
n o i n t o u n d e rg o t h e g ri ev a n c e o f phy s i c b u t fe w ,

c o m e o ut t o g i ve a c c o un t o f i t s o pe r a ti o n Th ere w ere .

ce rt a i n ly mo r e a t t r a c t i v e pl a c es i n t h e w o rld t h a n C a l c ut t a

in t h e O pe n i ng d a y s o f th e ei g h t een t h c en t ury : a n d
the re w a s li tt l e c h a n ge fo r t h e bet t e r a s t h e y ea r s w en t

by i n s pit e O f t h e en c o mi um o f t h e o ld a n n a li s t w ho
,

s pe a k s o f 1 7 37 a s a pe ri od w h en w e h a d O p ul en t mer

c ha n t s i n d a y s w h en g o ld w a s pl en t y l a bo ur c h ea p a n d
, , ,

”
n o t o n e i n di g en t E ur o pea n in a l l C a l c ut t a .

In 1 7 26 , bei n g t he t h ir t ee n t h y ea r
r ei g n o f of t he
G eo rg e t h e F ir s t fo ur c o ur t s w e re c o n s ti t ut ed i n C al c ut t a
,

by R o y a l Ch a rt er The fi r s t o f t h es e w a s t he M a y o r s
.
’

Co urt Thi s w a s a C o ur t o f R ec o rd c o n s i s t i n of a
g
.
,

M a y o r a n d n i n e Ald er men sev en o f w h o m t o g et h er w i t h

, ,

Al a y o r w ere req uir ed t o be n a t ur a l bo r n s ubj ec t s

1
t he ,
-
.

T h e re m a i n i n g t w o mi g ht be fo rei g n pr o t es t a n t s t h e ,

s ub j ec t o f a n y s t a t e i n a m i t y w i t h G r ea t B rit a i n Th ei r .

d ut y w a s t o d ea l w i t h t he mo re i mp o r t a n t ci v il d i s p ut es
i n w h i c h t he E n g li s h i n h a bi t a n t s w e r e c o n c er n ed Th ei r .

de c i s i o n s w ere n o t fi n a l , but mig h t be r eferred t o t h e

C o urt o f A ppea l w h ic h co n s is t ed o f t he Go v e r n o r a n d
,

C o un c il The Go vern o r a nd C o un c il fo r med t h e C o ur t

.

o f Q ua r t e r S es s i o n s w hi c h w a s a l s o a C o ur t O f R ec o rd
, ,

of O y er a n d Te rmi n e r a n d G a o l D eli v e ry a s t he ,

u i n t ph ra s e w e n t fo r t ry i n a n d p un i s hi ng o f a ll o ff en
q a g ,

d e r s a n d o ffen c es w i t h t h e ex c ep t i o n o f hi g h t rea s on o n ly
, .

T h e F ourth C o ur t w a s t he C o ur t O f R eq ues t s c o mp o s ed ,

o f t w e n t y fo ur C o mmi s s i o n er s s el ec t ed bv t he G o v e r n o r
-

a n d C o un c il fro m a mo n g t he i n h a bi t a n t s o f C a l c ut t a w ho ,
3
‘
C A LC L TTA
'

o m) a x !) N EW .

d et e r m i ne d s um ma ril y a ll s ui t s t he s ubj ec t ma t t e r ,
- of w hi c h
d id n o t e x c eed fi v e p a g o d a s o r fo rt y s hilli n g s .

T he C o un c i ls r ’

ev e n ue w a s d e ri v e d f r o m t h r ee m a i n

s u ce
o r s
g ro -
u n d r e n i s - fi n e s a,
n d f o r f e i t s a n d c u s t o m s
,

a nd t o ll s a nd ,
o ut of t h e mo n ev so c o ll ec t ed t h ey

ha d t o m e e t t h e e x p e n s e s o f t h e s e t t l e m e n t a n d t h e ,

y e a rl v r e n t o f R s . 8 0 p a y a
-
b l e -
t o t h e M o g u l G o v

e rn me n t . I t w a s a t fi r s t a ma t t e r o f d ifii c ul t v w i t h
t h em t o p a y t h ei r w a y A n d s o in April 1 704 t h e Z e m i n
.
,

da r M r Ben j a mi n Bo uc h er w a s i n s t r uc ted t o m ea s ure

, . ,

e v ery o n e s c o m po un d t o s ee t h a t t h ey h a d n o mo re t h a n
’

t he v pa id fo r a n d , t o s e n d i n t o t h e C o un c il a p a rt i c ul a r

w h a t ea c h m a n p a y s
H
a c c o un t of h a v e h e re a
.

li m p f a v e ry i mp o r t a n t p e r s o n a i n d ee d t w h m
g s e o g e o o .

t he rea l i n te r n a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e s e tt l e men t w as

e n t r us t ed Th e o fli c e o f z e mi n d a r i s s a id t o d a t e f ro m
.

1 7 20 b ut t h e c o n s ul t a t i o n bo o k s s h o w it t o be n ea rl y
.

It s o ld as C a l c ut t a i t s elf W h en t he F a c t o ry w a s e l e
.

v a t ed t o t h e r a n k o f a Pr es id e n c y i n 1 6 99 t he Z em i n d a r .

bec a me a me mbe r o f t he C o un c il I n 1 700 t h e po s t w a s

.

h eld by R a lph S h eld o n w h o s e t o mbs t o n e i n t h e o l d

,

ra v ey a rd d ec la re s h i m t o h a v e been i l l u s t ri s S h l d
g e o
”
n i a n i s te ma t is h a n d i n di g n a pr o l e s but w ho w a s a s a ,
,

m a t t e r o f fa c t n o t r el a t ed t o t h e g rea t A rc h bi s h o p w h o s e
,

be n t fa c t i o n s t o t h
-
U n i v e rs i ty o f O x fo rd a re c om rn e
e

mo ra t ed by t h e g rea t Thea t re w hi c h bea r s h is n a me He .

w a s t h e fi r s t M a g i s t r a t e a n d C o ll ec t o r i n B ri t i s h I n d i a ,

a n d t h e d o ubl e f un c t i o n w a s c a s t up o n h i m o f ga t h e ri n g

t h e r ev e n ue s o f t he t h ree v ill a g es a n d k eepi n g t h e m in

o rd e r .As M a g i s t r a t e h e c o n t r o l le d t h e n a t i ve in h a b i t a n t s
—h ea ri n g a n d d ec i di n g c a s es c i v il a s w ell a s c ri m i n a l ,
34 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

Z emi n d a r a nd s uc h w a s t h e tyr a n n y o f thi s m a n a nd

,
’

s uc h t he dr ea d c o n ce i v ed o f h im i n t h e m i n d s o f the

n a t i ve s t h a t n o o n e dur s t c o mpl a i n o r g i ve i n fo rma t i on .

It n eed h a rdly be s a i d t h a t Go bin dra m a c c umul a t ed vast

w ea lth d uri n g h is t en ur e o f p o w e r : a n d h e i s s a id t o h a ve

built i n 1 731 a ma g n i fic en t n i n e j ew el t empl e o n the

-

C h it po re R o a d th e l o fti es t pi n n a c l e o f w hi c h w a s h i gher
,

t h a n t h e O c h t erlon y M o n ume n t a n d t he s ma lle s t c upola

,

o f w hi c h s t ill e x i s ts The ma i n buildi ng w a s o v e rt hro w n

.

i n t h e t er ri bl e c y c l o n e a n d ea rt hq ua k e o f 1 737 .

A c onte mpo r a ry fa mo us s t o rm i s c on
a c c o un t of t hi s

t a i n ed i n a l et te r fr o m S i r F r a n c i s R us s ell a member o f th e ,

C a l c ut t a C o un c il an d is d a ted t h e l as t da y o f t h e y ea r
,

“
1 7 37 . Th e le t te r s pea k s o f th e drea dful h urri ca n e w e
”
h a d h ere t h e 3ot h Sept embe r a t n i g h t a n d c o n t i n ue s
,

S uc h a of
h o rro r a s t h a t n i gh t w a s I n ever
s c en e

s a w o r h ea rd O ff
’
S uc h Ter ri bl e g us t o f w i n d lik e t he
.

l o ud es t t h un d er a n d to rren t s o f ra i n t h a t I ex pec t ed every

mo men t t h e h o us e I li ve i n w hi c h is I beli ev e t he S t ron g
e s t i n t h e t o w n w o uld h a v e f a ll en o n m y h ea d Th e n oi s e .

w a s s o v i o len t a bo v e S t a ir s t h a t my s elf a n d fa mily w a s

o bli g ed t o go d o w n a n d s t a y bel o w ti ll mo r n i ng w i t h
p oo r M rs W a s t ell a n d her c hildren w ho h a d fl ed t o o ur
.

h o us e fo r s h el t er t he d oo r s a n d w i n d o w s o f h er s bei n g
bur s t fro m t he w a ll s But g oo d God w h a t S igh t w a s t h e
.

t o w n a n d ri v er i n t h e mo rn i n g ; n o t a s hip but t h e D uk e

o f D o r s et t t o be s een i n t h e ri v er w ere
( )
s ic t h e ev e n i n g
bef o r e w a s a bo ve t w en t y n i n e s a il s o f v es s el s g r ea t a n d
-

s ma ll ma n y be i n dr v h r S m e br o k e t o pi ec es a n d
g o e a s o e o .

o t he r s fo un der d a n d thi s w hi c h i s Sc a r s e c r edi ta b l e i n

’
 TH E C A C L U TTA o r Q U E E N AN N E.

a ri v er h a rdly a mil e w id e t h ere w a s n o ebb t id e fo r

,

n e a r t w en t y f o ur h o ur s
-
O ur c h urc h s teepl e w a s bl o w n
.

d o w n a s a l s o e i g h t o r t en E n gli s h h o us es a n d n umber s
b el o n g i n g t o t he bla c k M erc h a n t s Th e w ho l e t o w n l o o ke d
.

l i k e a pl a c e t h a t ha d been bo mba rd ed by an enemy S uc h .

a h a v oc did i t ma k e t h a t t is i mp o s s i bl e t o fi n d w o rd s t o
’

e x pr es s i t .All o ur b ea ut i ful s h a dy r o a d s l a id ba re w h ic h
w i l l n o t be t h e li k e ag a in t hi s t w en t y y ea r s .

Thi s ma y be t a ke n t o be an r if i n c o h er en t
a cc u a te, ,

a c c o un t o f t h e o cc urr en c e but a r ema rk a ble t r a d i t i o n h a s

r w u i n n ec t i o n w i th t h e mi s h a p t o t h e c h ur c h
g o n
p n c o .

A s ia t ic us w ri t i n g i n 1 803 g i ve s w h a t p urpo r t s t o be a n
, ,

e x t r a c t d es c rip t i v e o f t h e s t o r m fro m t he Gen t lema n s ’

,

M a g a z i n e o f 1 738 It c o n t a i n s t hi s ex t ra o rdi n a ry s t a t e
.

men t The hi g h a n d m a g n i fi c en t s t eepl e o f t h e E ng li s h

c h urc h s an k i n t o t h e g r o un d w i t h o ut br ea ki n g And .

t h e f o ll o w i n g n ot e i s a dd ed as if by w a y o f c o rr o bo r a
,

t io n M r Ch a rl es W e t o n t h e s o n o f t h e R ec o rde r o f
.
s
,

t h e M a y o r s C o ur t w a s bo r n i n C a l c ut t a i n 1 731
’
, in a ,

h o use t he n o ppo s i t e t o w he re t he Tiret t a B a z a r n o w

s ta n ds . He rec o llec t s t h e g r ea t s t o r m a n d i n un d a t i o n o f
1 7 37 a s i t c o mp ell ed h is f a m ily t o q ui t t h ei r h o us e
, Th e .

s t e e pl e o f t h e Ch urc h h e s t a t es t o h a v e f a ll en pr o s t r a te
,

a m o r e pr o ba bl e p o s i t i o n t o h a v e fell i n t h a n t h a t s t a t ed

i n t h e G e n t l em a n s M a g a z i n e
’ ’
.

T h e r e is , h o w ev er n o a l lus i o n t o t he c h urc h s t ee ple

,

”
in t h e M ag a z i ne a s w ill be s ee n fr o m t h e a c t ua l ex
,

t ra c t w hi c h is as c uri o us o f it s ki n d a s t h e n a rr a ti v e o f
,

R us s ell O n S ep t embe r 30t h l a s t h a ppe n e d a f uri o us ,

hurri ca n e i n t h e B a y o f Be ng a l a t t e n ded w i t h a v e ry ,

as as
 C A L C l TT A O L D AN D
'

h ea vy ra i n w hi c h r a i s ed 1 5 i n c h es o f w a t er in 5 h our s a nd ,

a v i o le n t ea rt hq ua k e w hi c h t hrew d ow n a bun d a n c e of
h o us es a n d a s t h e s t o rm rea c h ed 60 l ea g ue s up t he ri v er ,

i t is c o mp uted t h a t s hi p s ba rks s l oo p s boa ts

, , , ,

c a n o es, et c. h a v e bee n c a s t a w a y A pro di g i o us q ua n ti ty

, .

o f c a t t le o f a l l s o rt s a g r ea ,t m a n y t i g e r s a n d s ev era l
r hi no c ero ses w er e d ro w ne d ev en a g rea t ma n y c a y m a ns
,

w e re s t i fl ed by t he f uri o us a g i t a t i o n o f t he w a te rs a n d a n

i n n ume ra bl e q ua n ti t y o f bird s w e re be a t d o w n i n t o the

ri v er by t h e s t o r m Tw o E n g li s h s h ip s o f 500 t o n s w ere
.

t h ro w n i n t o a v ill a g e a bo ut 200 fa t h o ms f ro m t he bed of

t he ri v er G a n ges b r o ke t o pi ec es
,
a n d a ll t he p eo pl e
,

d ro w n ed pel l mell a mo ng s t t he i n h ab i t a n t s a n d c a t t l e
- .

B a r ks o f 60 t o n s w ere bl o w n 2 l ea g ues up t h e l a n d o ver

t he t c p s o f hi g h t r ees The w a t e r ro s e i n a l l 40 fe et
.

hi g he r t h a n us ua l Th e E n g li s h s hip s w hi c h d r ov e a s h o re
.

a n d b r o k e t o pi ec es w e r e t h e D ec ke r D ev o n s hi re a n d ,

N ew c a s tl e a n d t he P elh a m is m i s s i n g
, A F ren c h s h ip w a s
.

d ro ve o n s h o re a n d bul ge d : a f ter t h e w i n d a n d w a te rs
a ba t ed t h ey O p ene d t h e h a t c h es a n d t o o k o ut s ev er a l

ba l es o f me rc h a n di se et c but t he ma n w h o w a s i n t he
, .
,

h o ld to s li n g t he ba l es s udd en ly c ea s ed w o rki n g n o r by
c a lli n g h i m co uld t h ey g et a n y r eply o n w hi c h t hey sen t ,

d o w n a n o t h er but h ea rd n o t hi n g o f h im w hi c h v ery ,

muc h a dd ed t o t h ei r fea r s o t h a t fo r s o me ti me n o on e
w o uld ve n t ure d o w n ; a t l e ng t h o n e mo re h a rdy th a n t h e

r es t w en t d o w n a n d bec a me s il en t a n d i n a c t i v e a s t h e
t w o fo r me r t o t h e a s t o n i s h men t o f a ll The y t h en a g reed .

by li gh t s t o l oo k d o w n i n to t h e h o l d w hi c h ha d a g rea t
q ua n t ity o f w a te r in i t a n d to the i r g rea t s urpri se t h ey
s a w a h ug e a li a t o r s t a r i n g
g as ex p ec t i ng mo re prey It .
 THE GA L G U I TA
‘ ‘

or Q U EE N AN N E . 37

h a d c o me i n t h ro ugh a h o l e i n the s hip s id e a nd i t w a s

w i t h di ffi c ulty t h ey kill ed i t ,
w h en t hey fo un d the three
”
m e n i n t he c r ea t ur e s bel ly
’
.

i
The n a cc u a c r y o f A s ia t ic u s s t a n d s s ufli c i en t l y e x

o s ed : b ut w h a t o f t h e t r a d i t i o n ? A r c h d ea c o n Hy d e
p
su ppl ies pos s bi ly t he bes t ex pl a an t i o n w h e n h e ,
c o n j e c

r
t u es t h a t t h e d el ug e o f m u d a n d w rec k a g e w a s h e d o v e r
t h e s et t emen t by t e
l h 4 0 fe e t t id e w h e n t,
he e b b o f t h e

H o o g hly h a d been fo rc ed ba c k fo r fo ur a n d t w en t y h our s ,

m a y h a v e p a r t i a lly c o n c ea le d t h e pros t r a t e s pi re a n d s o ,

h a ve o ri g i n a t ed t he s to ry t h a t it s a n k i n t o t he gro un d .

Th e mo r e h o w ev er w e i n ve s t i g a t e t he mo r e w e i n c r ea s e
, , ,

o ur be w ilde r men t The G en tl ema n s M a g a z i n e w o uld

’
.

h a ve us beli ev e t h a t a n ea rt hq ua k e a c c o mp a n i ed t he
c yc lo ne . B ut i n t he o fii c ia l a c c o un t o f thi s fa mo us c a s t a s
t ro p he i n t he C o n s ult a t i o n s o f t he Fo r t
”
C o un c i l , t h ere i s n o men t i o n o f a n ea rt hq ua k e a n d w e ,

o n ly rea d a s fo ll o w s :

O n t h e 3ot h S ept ember, t h ere w a s a g r

e at s t o r m w hi c h
.

d r o v e s ev er a l s hip s a s ho r e Th e M o h a n n a fl a g s t a ff a t
-

B a l a s o re w a s bl o w n d o w n .

Th e ra z o r hi c h is so r ut hl es s ly a ppli ed t o t he o ffi c i a l
w

re po r t s o f mode r n I n di a w o uld fi n d i t di fii c ult t o j us t ify

it s ex i s t en c e i n fa c e o f t hi s emi ne n t ly c ol o url es s a n d
,

l a c o n i c rec o rd .
 C H A PTE R IV .

T HE M A H R ATTA D I TC H A N D T HE A
P LI S A D E S .

F t v r: y ea r s a ft er t he g rea t s to rm of 1 7 37 , t h e mo n o t ony
j h f
of li fe i n C a l c ut t a w a s a g a i n b r o k e n J a n o ee
. t e s o ,
n o

R a gh uj ee B h o n s la c hi ef o f N a g po r e a n d t h e B o u n c e loe
,

o f c o n t e mp o r a ry c hro n i c l er s burs t i n t o B e n g la i n 1 7 4 2
,

a t t he h ea d o f a M a hr a t t a h o rd e a d t n i n ee d de a ll t h e s k ill
,

a n d t he ene rg y o f t he N a bo b A i l V erdi Kh a n t o k p
e e h im
in c h ec k . Th e c o un t ry w a s l a id w a s t e fro m B a l a s o re to
m
R a j eha l : M u k w a h T a n n a h F o r t w hi c h,
s t o o d o n t h e

s i t e o f t h e h o us e n o w oc c upi ed by t he S upe ri n te n d en t o f

t h e B o t a n i c a l Ga rd en s w a s t a k en a n d fi n a lly H oo ghly w a s
, ,

c a pt ured a n d O ri s s a s urr en de re d Cro w d s o f t he in

.

h a bit a n t s o f t he C o un t ry o n t he w es t er n s id e o f t he ri ver
c a me a n d i mpl o r ed t he pro t ec t i o n o f t h e E n li s h w h o i n
g ,

c o n s eq uen c e o f t h e
g e n e r a l a l a r m o b t a i n
, e d p e r m i s s i o n

fro m Ali V erdi t o d ig a n i n t ren c h me n t ro un d t h ei r t e rri

t o ry . Th i s w o rk h a d it been c o mpl et ed w o uld h a ve ex
, ,

t en d ed s ev en m ile s .I n s i x mo n t h s t hree mil es o f it w ere

fi n i s h ed w h en t he i n h a bi t a n t s fi n d i n g t h a t t he M a h r a t t a s
, ,

"
d id n o t a ppro a c h C a l c ut t a de s i s t ed fr o m t h ei r w o rk s
, .

S uc h i s t he a c c o un t g i ve n by S t ew a r t i n h is Hi s t o ry o f
B en g a l o f t h e o ri g i n a n d t he hi s t o ry o f t h e fa mo us M a h
ra t t a D i t c h As a ma t t er o f fa c t t he o rig in al s c h eme
.
,

w a s t o pl a n t s ev en ba t t erie s i n di ff eren t pa r t s o f t h e t o w n .

Thi s w a s a c t ua lly d o n e a nd t h e D i t c h w a s a n a ft e r
,

t h o ug h t . B ut w hil e t he ba t t eri es v a n i s h ed the D i t c h

,

c o n t i n ued fo r ye a r s t o be a s pro mi n en t a l a n d ma rk o f
 THE M A H R ATTA D ITC H AN D THE PA L I S AD E S .

C a lc ut ta as t he B o y t a co n n a h t ree Th e ea rth ex c a v a ted

.

w a s so di s po s ed o n t he i n n er o r to w n w a rd s ide a s t o

fo rm a t o l e ra bly hi g h roa d a lo ng th e ma rg i n o f w hi c h
, .

w a s pl a n t ed a ro w o f t ree s a n d t hi s c o n s t it ut ed t h e mo s t
,

fr e q ue n ted a n d fa s hi on a bl e r es o r t o f t he t o w n In 1 802 .

“
w e fi n d a n o ld w ri t er d ec l a ri n g th a t o n t h e Circ ul a r

R o a d o f C a l c ut t a th e y o ung t he S pri gh t ly a n d t h e o p u
, ,

l en t d uri ng t he fr a g ra n c e o f mo rn i n g in t he c h a ri o t o f ,
”
hea l t h en j o y t he ga les o f rec rea t i o n
,
Th e elemen t o f .

i ma g i n a t i o n mus t h a v e en t ered v ery l a rgely i n t o t hi s p ic

t ur e : fo r w h en t he D i t c h w a s fi ll ed up a bo ut t hi s t i me by

o rd e r o f t he M a rq ues s o f W ell es ley i t h a d been fo r ,

fo rt y yea rs a n d mo r e t he r ec ep t a c l e o f a ll t he fi lt h
a nd ga r ba g e in C a l c ut t a a n d t he g a l es w a f t ed fro m it
to t he c h a ri o t o f h ea lth mus t h a v e been t he r ev erse o f
fra g ra n t o r r ec rea t i v e .

The D i tc h is c ea l rly s h o w n i n a pl a n t o a sc a l e o f fo ur
i nc h es t o o n e mil e o f t he te rri t o ry o f C a l c ut t a a s ma rk ed ,

o ut in t h e y ea r 1 7 42 ex hi bi t i n g likew i s e t he M ili t a ry
,

O pe ra t i o n s a t C a l c ut t a w h en a t t a c ke d a n d t a ken by S er a j
ud Do w l a h o n t he 1 8t h of J un e
-
It w ill be fo un d
,

i ns ert ed by U pj o h n in a c o r n er o f his l a rger ma p o f 1 793 ,

a nd is a p a r en t ly t he pl a n u l r r l t w hi h
p p o n, a a g e s c a e o c ,

Arc hd ea c o n Hyde ref ers i n h is P a ro c hi a l An n a ls o f B en g a l

as h a v i ng been s een by h im i n t he B ri t i s h M us eum .

Ex c ep t fo r a det o ur on t he n o rth ea s t a t Ha l s iba g a n t o

-
,

enc l os e t he
g a rd e n h
-
o us es o f G o b i n d ra m M i t t e n t h e ,

blac k z e mi n da r
“
, a n d o f O m ic h a n d i t fo ll o w s t he mo d er n
,

Circ ul a r R o a d fro m P erri n s Po i n t a t t h e n o r t h w es t er n

’
-
,

ex t remi t y o f S ut t a n ut t ee w h er e t he C h it o re c re ek meet s
, p
40 CA LC U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

t h e ri v e r d
,
o w n t o a s p o t n e a r t h e pr e s en t E n t a lly c o r ne r .

It w a s i n t en d ed i n t h e fi r s t i n s t a n c e t o e x t en d i t t o th e

h
s o ut e rn p r
a t o f Go v i n dp o re b u t i,
n t h e pl a n a c o n s i de r

l p
a b e s a ce v
o e,
r a c ou pl e o f m il es i s l e f t ,
b l a n k t o t he
"
s o ut h w a rd a n d i s i n s c ri bed t hi s p a r t n o t ex ec ut ed .

H i n d oo t r a di t i o n h a s it ( s a y s M r A K R a y in his S hort . . .

Hi s t o ry o f C a lc ut t a ) t h a t t he di t c h ex i s t ed a l s o o n the
s o ut h o f G o v i n dpo re up to t he ed g e o f t he ri v er a n d t ha t
,

t h e big o p en d r a i n o n t he t ow n s id e o f t he Bho w a n ipore

b rid ge o v er To lly s N ull a h w hi c h s t ill g oes by t he n a me

’

o f t h e M a hr a t t a D i t c h is a po rt i o n o f i t a n d f ur t h e r tha t
, ,

t he d r a i n a c r o s s t h e M a id a n t h ro ug h w hi c h t id a l w a ter

us ed t o r ea c h t hi s d r a i n ma rk s it s s i t e o n t he so uth of
,

G o v i ndpo re I t is h o w e v er c ert a i n th a t t he s out hern

.
, , ,

po rt i o n if a t a ll ma d e w a s n o t a c o n ti n ua t i o n o f t he
, ,

hi s t o ri c D i t c h w hi c h en c l o s ed t he n o rt h er n a nd ea s t ern
s id es o f t h e t ow n a l o n e a n d s t o pped a bo ut t he c o r n er of

C o rpo ra t i o n S t reet ( J a un ba z a r) a n d Lo w er Ci rc ul a r R o a d .

R ev ea l ed l
a so pl a n o f 1 742 is t he i n t er es t i n g fa c t
by t hi s
t h a t t he S et t l emen t w i t hi n w hi c h a l o n e r es id ed t he
,

Chri i s t a n p p l i
o u a t o n — E ng li s h Ar men i a n a n d P o rt uguese
,

w a s a t o n e t i me s urr o un d e d b m pl t ri f f
y a c o e e n
g e n c e o -

p a li s a d es A p o i n t i n t he pl a n is t h us ma rk ed :
. t he
“

e x t en s i o n s o f t he p a l i s a d es t o the n o r t h w a rd fro m w henc e

t h ey g o a ll ro un d t he t o w n t ill t h ey meet th o se a t t he

s o ut h w a rd An d n o t o n ly w a s t h e c i rcl e c o mpl ete a nd

.

t he f en c e c o n t i n ued a l o n g t he ri v er f a c e a n d t he ed ge o f

t h e c r eek ( w hi c h s ki r t ed t he s o ut h e r n w a ll o f t h e o ld

buryi n g g r o un d ) but ev ery ro a d i s s ui n g fro m t he t o w n

-
,

a nd ea c h o f t h e g h a t s a t t h e fo o t o f t he pri n c ip a l s t reet s
 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he c r eek a t t he s p a c i o us g un po w d er y a rd w i t h it s g reat -

be ll s h a ped ma g a z i n e o f ma s o n ry
-
At t he t hi rd bridge
.

( w h e r e F a n c y L a n e o p e n s i n t o W e l l es l ey Pl a c e) t h e fence

s h a rp ly s w e r ved fr o m t he n a t ura l bo unda ry o f t he c r eek ,

fo r th e re a s o n a s M r Hyd e s ugges t s th a t
,
. Fa n c y
,
is
a c o rr up t io n o f t he n a t i v e ph a n s i a nd th a t h e re s t oo d a
,

g a ll o w s tr ee-
. H o w e v e r t hi s m a y b e F a n c y , L a n e w a s th e

en t r a n c e t o t he Ba il ey w hi c h en c i rc l ed t he w h o l e t o w n
w i t hi n t he
p a li s a d e . Cr o s s i n
g W e ll e s l e y Pl a ce t h e c ir c u i t,

ma y be t ra c ed a l o ng La rki n s La n e a n d B riti s h I n di an
’

S t r eet k no w n t o o ur g r a n dfa t h ers a s R a n a M a dd a G ully

, ,

a n d t he s c en e o f a fren z i ed fig ht d uri ng S er a j ud -

In U pj o h n s ma p th e n a me
’
D o w la h s a t t a c k o n C a l c utt a
’
.

o f t hi s s t r eet is g i v en a s R a n a M a dd a L a ne c l ea rly ,

s h o w i n g t ha t t h e d eri v a t i o n , as he un d er s t oo d i t w a s ,

n o t fro m a n y q ueen o f h uc k s t r es ses R M

( a n ce o o d ee ) a s

M r Hyd e s eems t o i mag i n e

. . Th en c e th ro ug h B a rre t to s
'

L a n e a n d a po rti o n o f M a ngo e La ne t he pa li s a d es pa s s ed
i n t o M i s s i o n R o w o n c e t h e R o pe w a lk a n d t h e w i t nes s
,
-

o f a n o t h er h a rd fo u h t s t r u l H r t L ll B r
g gg e e e a a a z a
-
.
, ,

t he p a li s a de s ra n up t h e r o a d t o a ga t e a t t h e c ro s s

ro a d s w he re t he c utc h erry w a s a nd t he Po li c e Co urt s t il l

is : but t h e li n e o f t he B a il ey bra nch ed o ff a t R a d ha
B a z a r c o n nec t i n g w i t h E z ra S t reet by a c roo k ed a l ley
,
.

F r o m t hi s po i n t i t c on t i n ued n o rt h w a rd al o n g Amra t o lla h

S t r eet k eepi n g c lea r o f t he c ro w d ed pilg ri m pa t h t o Ka l i
,

g h a t ,
a n d t he h a m l e t s o f t h e b u t c h e r s o i lm o n g e r,s a n d
sc a v en g er s a n d ba s k e t ma k e r s -
w h ic h a re k ept a li v e t o
,

da y by s uc h s t reet a pp ell a t i o n s a s C o s s a it o ll a h ( t h e o ld
n a me o f B en t i n c k S t r ee t l l h d m l
) , C o l o o t o a a n D o o , t o la h .

Cro s s i n g M urghi ha t ta S t reet o r C a n n i ng S t reet t o gi v e

, ,
 r m: M A HR ATTA D ITC H A N D THE P A U S AD E S . 43

it it s mo de r n t i t le , t h e B a il ey t r d t he P o r t ug ues e q ua r
en e e

ter , a n d h a r d by w he re t h e G r eek Ch urc h w a s buil t in

t he d a y s o f H a s t i ng s z ig z a gg ed ri v erw a rd s t o A rme n i a n
,

St reet by a l a n e w hi c h l oc al us a ge s till t er ms H a ma m

g ul l ee ,a lth o ug h T u rki s h ba t h s h a ve l o n g c ea s ed t o

ex i s t i n C a l c ut t a N ea r t he mo d es t bri c k c h a pel w hi c h
.

ha d s e rved t h e P o r t ug ues e s i n c e 1 700 a s a pl a c e o f w o r

s hi n d w hi c h ma d e w a y i n 1 7 9 9 fo r t h e M urg h iha tt a
p a
,

Ca t h ed ra l Ch urc h o f O ur La dy o f t he R o s a ry t h e fen c es , ,

a cc o rdi n g t o t h e pl a n w ere t hro w n o ut a t a n a n gl e by

, ,

e x t e n d i n g t h e A r men i a n S t r eet li n e un t il t h ey met t h e r o a d

run n i n g pa s t t he c h urc h The p a li s a des n ex t t ur n ed.

ro un d the Ar me n i a n buryi n g g roun d w i t hi n w hi c h ha d -

,

be en e r ec t ed i n 1 724 t h ei r Ch urc h o f S t N a z a r et h : a n d .

t h en c e t he Ba iley ra n i n a n d o ut d o w n t o t h e ri v er bv

D urm a ha t t a a n d Kh en g ra put t y ( t he s t r ee t s o f t he s ell er s

o f r eed ma t s a n d s c o uri n b r h d il f
g us es ) a n t h e t a o o ld
Ch i n a Baz a r n o w k n o w n a s Bo n fi eld s L a n e The n o rt h ’
.

ern m o s t li mi t o f t h e ri v e r f a c e w a s i n t he r t R j h
p es e n a a

W o o d mun t s S t reet a few ya rds s o ut h o f t he H oo g hly

'
’

B ri dg e .

As C a l c ut t a bec a me
tl ed S ut t a n ut t ee w a s g r a d ua lly
s et ,

a ba n d o ned by t he E n li s h a s a pl a c e o f a bo de T h r
g e e .

rema i ned i n d eed n ea r it s n o rt h ern mo s t c o r n er w h er e

, , ,

Ba g B a z a r ( t he B a z a r i n t he ba g o r g a rd en ) n o w s t a n ds
to p e rpe t ua t e t he n a me P erri n s G a rd en a pl ea s ure ’

, ,

res o rt w he re o n c e it w a s t he h ei g h t o f gen t ili t y fo r

,

t he C o mp a n y s co v en a n t ed s e rv a n t s t o t a k e t h eir l a di es
’

fo r a n e v en i n g s t ro ll o r mo o n li g h t fet e B ut it beg a n t o .

be l i tt l e freq uen t ed a bo ut 1 7 46 a n d by 1 7 52 it w a s a l t o ,

t he r o ut f us e a n d rep a i r a n d w a s s o ld fo r R s
g e o .
,
 N EW
’

O LD AN D .

It w as na med f
a t er C a p t a i n P erri n, t he o w ne r o f s ev e a r l

h
T o ma s Pi t t o f D a mo
i n d f a m e a n d-
o t h e r s b u t r e l e,
a s e d

o n r ec eip t o f ev ide n c e fro m M a dr a s t h a t t h e s hi p s n o

l o n g er bel o ng ed t o h im In 1 7 55 it w a s i n t he p os s es s ion
. ,

of C l
o one l C li
a ro n e F re d e ri c k S c o tt C o m m ,
a n d a n t o f t he

a rri s o n a f h
nd a t e of r \ V a r r e n H a s t i n g s fi r s t w i f’
e F o r
g
.
,

a t m e it w a s t a s o
i r n f r m e d i n t o a g u n p o w d e r f a c t o ry a n d ,

on C l l
o o ne Sc o t t s d ’
e a t h i t re t u r n e d i n i t s n e w c h a r a c t er

i n t o t he h a n d s o f t he C o mp a n y As l a t e a s 1 79 3 its . ,

memo ry s t o o d pres er v ed i n U pjo h n s ma p by O ld P o w der

’

M ill Ba z a r a n d R oa d t he l a t t er ma rki n g t h e s t a r t i n g poi nt

,

o f t he emba n k men t a l o n g s id e t he M a hr a t t a D i t c h The .

m ch
’

g l o ry o f P e rri n s
’
w a s u s u r p e d b y S u r a n s g a rd en w hi ,

la y a t t he o t he r ex t r emi t y o f t he s et t l emen t a t t h e upper ,

en d o f G a rd en R ea c h pro ba bly n o t fa r fro m C oo ly Ba z a r

, ,

t h e mo d er n H a s t i n g s S ur ma n
. it w ill no t h a v e been
,

fo rgo tt en w a s t he l ea de r o f t he ev en t f ul E mba s s y t o Del hi

,

i n 1 7 1 7 a n d s eems a l s o a t o n e t i me t o h a v e o w n ed bo th
B el v ede r e H o us e a n d g a rd en w hi c h w ere s o ld i n 1 7 80 bv
,

H a s t i ng s t o C a p t a i n To lly o f n ull a h fa me Thi s .

n ull a h w hi c h fo ll o w ed t he s il t ed u bed o f t he Adi a nga

p g
-
,

a n d br a n c he d o ff fr o m t he ri ve r H o o hl y a t t h e o ld pill a r
g
s t o n e w hi c h ma rk ed t he bo un d a ry o f Go v i n d o re w a s ex
p ,

c a v a t ed o ri i n a lly b
g y S u r m a n I.t b o r e f o r s o m e t i m e h is

n a me : but w a s d ee en ed i n 1 7 7 3 b T lly d h f r
p y o a n e n ce o

w a rd bec a me To l ly s N ull a h
’
.

An i n t eres t i n g pi c t ure o f t he di men s i o n s a n d a pp ea ra nc e

o f t h e E n g li s h s et t l emen t a s di s t i n g ui s h ed f ro m t h e
, po r
 T HE M A H R ATTA D I TC H AN D T HE PA L I S AD E S . 45

t i o n s w i t hi n t h e pa rt fo r th e Armen i a n s a n d
p a li s a d es s et a

t he Po rt ugues e c a n be o bt a i n ed fro m a s t udy o f t he

,

Pl a n o f F o rt W illi a m a n d p a rt of t he c i t y p re p a red in ”

1 7 5 3 by W illi a m W ill s Li eut en a n t o f t he A rtill ery C o m

,
”
p a n y i n B en g a l . Th e pl a n is d ra w n t o a s ca l e o f 1 00 fe et
t o t he i n c h a n d t he v a ri o us h o us es a re t ic k et ed w ith t h ei r
,

o w n e rs n a mes a n d ex hi bi t ed w ith c l ea r n es s a n d p rec i s i o n

’
.

Th e E n g li s h q ua rt er i s s h o w n a s s it ua t ed bet w een t h e
mo d e rn C a n n i n g S t re et o n the n o r t h a n d H a s ti ng s S treet
( t h e n t h e c r ee k ) o n t h e s o ut h M i s s i o n R o w (,o r a s i t i s

c a l le d t h e R o p e w a l k ) o n t h e ea s t
-
a n d t he ri v er o n t he ,

w es t . W i t h in t hese li m i ts w hi c h a re like w i s e t ho se o f
,

t h e pla n no l es s t h a n 230 s t r uc t ure s o f b ri c k a n d mo rt a r

,

ma y be c o un t ed M o s t o f t h e h o us es a re s urro un ded by
.

s p a c i o us c o mw un d s a n d ma n y
, h a v e t a n k s l a rg e a n d ,

s ma l l w i t hi n t h ei r en c l os ures
, N o n e o f t he s t r eet s a n d
.

l a n es a re di s ti ng ui s h ed by n a mes : but it is pos s i bl e w it h

a n e ffo rt t o id en t i fy n ea rly a ll o f t h em I n t he c en tr e o f .

t h e pl a n i s t he fa mili a r P a rk w i t h t h e
“
l a rge t a n k o r
”
ca n a l in it s mid st To t h e n o rt h w e s t o f t h e t a n k li es
.
-

t he F o rt an d a dj o i n i n g t h e F o rt o n t he
, s o ut h a re t h e

ex p o rt a n d i m p o rt w a reho us es b uil t i n 1 7 4 1 o n t he o ut s id e

of t h e s o uth c ur t a i n Be t w een t he w a reh o use s a n d t he

.

”
C o mpa n y s h o us e i s a ro a d l ea d i ng t o t he K illa h o r
’

Fo r t G h a t o n t h e riv e r s id e n ow a d a y s by a mi s t a k en a n a
,

l o g y mi s s p el t K o il a G h a t I mmedi a t ely fro n t i ng t he

.

n o rth e rn s ec t i o n o f t he Fo rt w e ma y s t ill s ee th e Pres i

,

d en ey Ch urc h o f S t An n e E a s tw a rds s ki rt i ng th e
. .
,

c h urc h a n d o n e s id e o f t he p a rk r un s a s befo re t he g rea t , ,

a v en ue w hi c h i n t e r s ec t s t he w e ll w o r n pil ri m t r a c k f r o m
g
-

C h i t po re t o K a l ig h a t .
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

The C o ur t ho us e i s a t t he n o r t h ea s t c o r n er o f t he Park
- -
,

’
o n t h e s p o t c o v er ed by S t A n d re w s C hurc h
. B etw een .

i t a n d t he Ch urc h fo ur buildi n g s i t es a re s ho w n w here

W rit er s B uildi ng s n o w s t a nd The C o ur t h o us e c o m pound
’
.
-

c o v er s a l s o t he s p a c e oc c upi e d n o w a d a y s by th e r o a d to
’
t he w es t o f t he c h urc h w hic h a ffo rd s a c c es s t o Lyon s

R a n ge Behi n d t he C o urt h o us e i s a l a rg e t a n k
.
- Old .

C o urt H o us e C o r n e r c a n be t r a c ed a n d a l s o R a dh a Baza r
-
,

S t r eet . S ep a r a ted fro m t he Co urt h o use by a n o t h e r tank -

is t he c ut c h erry a li tt l e nea r er t he s q ua re t h a n it s m odern

,

s uc c es s o r but s t ill i n L a ] B a z a r
,
A t t he j un c t i o n w i th.

B en t i nc k S t r eet w a s t he J a il The bl oc k o f mo de r n build

.

i n g s o n t he ea s t e rn fa c e o f t he s q ua r e a re n o n ex i s tent -
,

a n d t h e re i s n o s i g n o f th e o ld f a s hi o n ed b un g al o w a t the -

n o r t h ea s t c o r n e r t en a n t e d in t he fo r t i es by C o l es w o rt hy
-

G r a n t a n d n o w r epl a c ed by t he W es t E n d W a t c h C om
,

p ya n
’
s pr e m i s e s F a c i.n g t h e c ut c he rry a n d a t t h e co rn er

o f M i s s i o n R o w a n d L a l B a z a r i s t he pl a y h o us e n o t t o be -
,

c o n fo un d ed w i t h t h e l a t er pl a y h o use e r ec t ed t o t h e r ea r o f
-

Vl rit ers B uildi n g s It w a s t ur n ed i n t o a ba tt e ry by t he

'
’
.

M oo rs i n t h e s i eg e o f 1 7 56 N e x t t o t he pl a y h o us e a re
.
-

i n di c a ted t he h o us es o f M r B r o w n a n d L a dy R us s ell th e
.
,

w id o w o f S i r F r a nc i s R us s e ll w h os e d es c en t fr o m O l i v er
,

Cr o mw ell h a s a l re a dy c l a i med o ur n o t i c e L a dy R us se ll s .
’

h o us e is a l mo s t ex a c t ly up o n t h e s p o t n o w o c c upi ed by t h e
M i s s i o n C h urc h a n d t he s i te o f M r B ro w n s ma y be ide n t i
, .
’

hed w i t h t h a t o f t h e h o us e in M i s s i o n R o w in w hi c h G en e ra l

C l a v eri n g di ed M a n g oe L a n e is t her e : but O ld Co urt

.

H o use S t ree t w ill be l oo k ed fo r in v a i n a n d i n it s P l a c e ,

a re l a rg e h o us es a t t h e s o ut h ea s t e r n c o r n er o
f t he P a r k
-

bel o n g i n g t o C o l o n el S c o t t t h e p urc h a s e r o f Pe r ri ’
, n s
 T HE M A HR ATTA D ITC H AN D me PA L I S AD E S . 47

g a rd e n ,
a nd M r M a t t h ew C o l let , S ev en t h i n Co un c il ,
. w ho

w a s to h a v e t he di s a g reea bl e t as k a fe w y ea rs l a t er o f deli
v e rin g up t h e C o s s i mba z a r F a c t o ry t o t he M oo r s Th e .

s o ut h e rn bo un d a ry o f t h e P a rk is t a k en up by a l a rg e t a n k

a n d a r a n ge o f buildi n g s fa c i n g it w hi c h a re c on sec r a t ed to
”
t h e c a li c o pri n t er s B et w een t he m t h ey fill t h e s p a c e
.

n o w a ll o t t ed t o t he C en t r a l Teleg r a ph O ffi c e N ex t t o t he .

c a l i c o pri n t er s w e se e t h e s p a c i o us c o mpo un d o f Ch a pl a i n

B ell a my t he l a rges t s ho w n i n t h e pl a n
,
His h o us e s t a n d s
.

up o n t he fro n t ag e o f w h a t is n o w Gov er n men t Pl a c e a n d ,

i t s s i t e ma y fa i rly be id en ti fi ed a s t h a t o f t he h o us e o f
t h e M ili t a ry S ec r et a ry t o t he V i c er o y w hi l e t h e g a rd en s
,

e x t en d rig h t d o w n t o D a lh o us i e S q ua re a l o n t h w h l
g e o e

l en g th o f w h a t is n o w W ell es ley Pl a c e Th er e is a s o r t
.

of s ma ll O p en s p a ce o r c a l de s a c bet w een M r- -
Bell a .

my s c o mpo un d a n d t h e C o mp a n y s s t a ble s : a n d t h e a d
’ ’

j a c en t h o us es s t a n d a t t he j un c t i o n o f th e s q ua re a n d a
s t r ee t w hi c h is id en t i c a l w i t h t h e mo d er n C o un c il H o us e

S t reet . Th e h o s pi t a l o ff er s i t s elf n ex t t o v i ew a l o ng t he ,

fro n t ag e o f w h a t is n o w H a re S t reet B ehi n d it t o th e .

s o ut h is t h e P o w d er M a g a z i n e a n d c o n v en i en t ly en o u h
, g ,

t h e bury i n g g ro un d li es h a n dy t o th e w es t
-
O p pos i t e the
.

ma g az i n e y a rd a t t h e s o uth er n en d o f C o un c i l H o us e S treet
-

ma y be s een w i t h i t s c o mpo un d w a ll r un n i ng fl us h w i t h
the c r eek t he h o us e o f M r C ulli n g S mi t h a s er v a n t o f
,
.
,

the Co mp a n y w ho a c hi ev ed a ba ro n et c y i n h i s s ev en t i et h
,

y ea r ,li v e d un t il 1 81 2 a n d w ,a s t h e ma t er n a l g r a n df a th er

of M r H C E Chi ld er s M r Gl a d s t o n e s c o ll ea g ue i n s o
’
. . . . .
,

ma n y Li bera l Go vern me n t s Th ere is a t a n k i n t he M a g a

.

w he r e S t J o h n s p a r s o n a g
’
z i n e y a rd
-
, . e h a s bee n built o f

rec en t y ea r s : a n d a n o t h er t a n k w ed g ed i n bet w een t he

48 C A LC U T I A O LD AN D N ew .
' ’

h o s pi t a l a n d t he buryi n g g r o un d a n d c o n n ec t ed by a c han
-

n el w i t h t h e c r eek w hi c h r un s fr o m t h e ri v er ba n k a l ong

Ho lw ell s
’

t h e c o ur s e O f w ha t is n o w H a s t i n g s S t r ee t .

n a me is a fli x ed t o t w o h o us es O n e O f t h em i s.t h e s o uth

e a s t er n mo s t O f t h e bl oc k o f buildi n g s c o n t i g uo us t o the

C o mp a n y s h o us e o n t he s o ut h a n d s t a n di ng a s n ea rly as
’

ma y be up o n t he s i t e O f t h e S ma ll C a us e C o urt a t t h e cor
n e r o f B a n k s h a ll S t r eet Th e o t h e r i s a t t he c o r n er of
.

w h a t i s n o w Ch urc h L a n e a n d H a s t i n g s S t r ee t but i t w as
i n t ho s e d a y s bo un d ed upo n t he s o ut h a s w e ha v e se en by
t h e c r ee k . I t s t a n d s up o n t he s p o t a f t er wa rd s oc c upi ed
by t he O ld M i n t a n d n o w a d a y s by t h e S t a t i o n e ry O ffi c e a nd
t h e pr emi s es O f M es s r s A h mut y a n d C O. Behi n d it on .
,

t h e s i t e o f t h e M et c a lfe H a ll i s a h o us e o w n ed by R a m
, _

ki s s en S ea t o r Set t t he C o mpa n y s c hi ef bro k e r a nd

, ,
’

r en t ed bv M r P et er A my a t t a s en i o r merc h a n t w h o es
.
,

c a ped t h e Bl a c k H o l e by fli g h t t o F ul t a a n d me t his ,

d ea t h in 1 763 a t t he ha n d s o f M eer K a s i m n ea r M oo r
s h ed a ba d .

To t h e no rth of rk a n d be hi n d t he Ch urc h is a t hi c k
t he P a

c l us t e r O f ma s o n ry buildi n g s Th e h o us e o f M r E d w a rd
.
.

E y r e Ten t h O f C o un c il a n d S t o r e k ee pe r w h o w a s o n e O f
,
-
,

t h o s e t o p e ri s h i n t h e B l a c k H o l e is o n t h e s i t e O f M e s s rs
, .

F i n la y M ui r a n d C O s O fli c es but w a s t h e n i mmed i a t e l y
’ ‘
.
,

o pp o s i t e t h e n o rt h ea s t-
ba s t i o n o f t he F o rt A ft er t h e .

r ec a p t ure O f C a lc ut t a by Cli v e a n d W a t s o n w e fi n d t h e ,

Th ea t r e o f t he s et tl emen t t ra n s fer red t o t hi s s po t Th e re .

a re t h ree h o us es a dj o i n i n
g i n w h a t w e n ow c al l Ly on s
’

R a ng e : t h o s e o f O mic h un d O f M r C o a t es o r C o a les
, a
.
,

s e n i o r me r c h a n t a n d a n o t h er v i c t i m o f t h e B l a c k H o l e
,
,
50 C AL C U IT A O L D AN D N EW .
’ '

All a h a ba d B a n k . In rea r Of t h em a n d b uil t right upo n the

w a te r ’
dge is a h o us e bea ri ng t he n a me O f M r \V a tts
s e .
,

S ec o n d i n C o un c il a n d c hi ef a t C o s s im ba z a r w h o de ,

s e r v es reme mbra n c e a s o n e O f t he ma n y h us ba n d s of
t he f a mo us Beg um J o h n s o n a n d a s t h e g r a n dfa t he r of the
,

E a rl o f Li v erp oo l w ho w a s Pri me M i n i s t er fro m 1 81 2 to

,

1 827 . At t he po i n t w h er e Cli v e S t r ee t t ur n s t o t h e l e f t a nd
n a rro w s t h e buildi n g n o w c o n ne c t ed w i t h t he fi rm of
,

M es s r s G r a h a m a n d C o i s i n di c a t ed c lea rly e n o ugh as

. .

M r G rifli t hs h o us e
.
’
G ill a n d er H o us e is rep res en ted by
.

a b uildi n g t o w hi c h is a t t a c he d t he n a me o f C a p t a i n W ill s ,

w ho ma y be t he m a k er O f the pl a n but is mo re pro ba bly ,

”
Th er e i s n o Cl i v e R o w a l t h o ugh
“
a c o un t ry ca p t a i n .
,

a s o rt o f a ll ey i s s een w hi c h l ea d s t o t he r es id en c e O f Mr .

W i lli a m Ma c ket t N i n th in C o un c il a n d B ux ey O f w hom

, ,

Hol w ell rel a t es t h a t h a v i n g es co rte d h is s i ck w ife on

bo a rd t h e s hip s j us t bef o re t he d es ert i o n o f D ra k e a nd
M i n c hi n he w a s ca rri ed a w a y t o F ul t a a g a i n s t h is w ill
, .

We ha v e l d o ut o n ly a few O f t he mo re p ro m i n ent
s in g e

n a mes a p ea ri n up t h h u i t h pl b u t u h
p g o n e o s es n e a n e n o g
h a s been s a id t o d e mo n s t ra t e ho w c o mp a c t a nd e x c l us i ve
w a s t he q ua rt er fo rm ed b m ’
y t h e C o p a n y s s e rv a n t s fo r

t he ms el ves O mic h a n d a n d t h e S et t s a re t h e o n ly I n di a n s
.

w h os e n a mes a pp ea r a s h o us e o w n er s a n d t he E ng li s h
-
,

men a re a ll e i t h er fa c t o r s o r merc h a n t s o r o ffi cers O f t he

g a rri s o n T h e P o rt ug ues e a n d Ar men i a n s w er e rele a t ed
.
g .

a s w e h a v e a l rea dy s een t o t he n ei gh bo urh oo d o f t h eir

,

c h urc h es in M oo rgh iha t t a : w hil e t he d ema rc a t i o n be

t w een t he w hi t e a nd bl a c k t ow n s w a s ev en s h a rper .

The peo pl e O f t he c o un t ry w ere i n di s pe n s a ble t o t h e p ro s

 T HE M A HR ATTA D I TC H A N D T HE PA L I S AD E S . 51

p e ri t y O f t h e fa c t o ry : but t h ey w er e n ot r mi t ted w i t hi n
p e

t h e p a l i s a d es . O ut s id e th e s t oc k a d ed t w o h un dred a n d
t w e n t y a c res w hi c h c o mpri s ed C h ri s ti a n C a l c ut t a
,
t h er e ,

h a d th erefo r e s pr un g up t o t h e n o rt h a n d ea s t a l a rg e a n d
fl o uri s hi ng n a t ive to w n w i t h i n t h e w id e r c o n t o ur O f t he

M a hr a tt a D i t c h It s i mpo r t a n c e a n d ex t en t w ere m a t e
.

ri a ll y i n c rea s ed by t he i n fl ux O f po p ul a t i o n fr o m t h e w es t ern

b a n k o f t h e ri v er w h i ch a c co mp a n i ed t h e M a h ra t t a sc a re
,

O f 1 7 42 . Al o n g t he ri v ers id e it s t r et c he d fr o m B urr a B az a r
a n d R oey ha tt a h ( a s U pj o h n h a s i t i n h i s ma p O f t he

r a t co tt o n ma rt w hi c h la y a bo ut h a lf a m il e n o rt h O f
g e -
,

t h e O ld F o r t , t o B a g b a z a r o n t,
h e e d g e o f t h e C h i t p o r e

c r ee k ,
w h er e t h e D i t c h beg a n I n l a n d i t s pra w l ed i n a
.

s uc c e s s i o n o f h a ml et s o v e r th e t r a c t bet w e en t he D i t c h

a n d th e K a l igh a t R o a d fr o m Ho g ul k uria o n t he n o rt h
,
’
w ti h j
it s u g n l e o f e l e ph a n t g r a s s t o , t h e s a l t w o rk -
e r s

h ut s i n C o lling a h o n t he fri n ge o f C h o w rin gh ee The n a mes .

o f m a n y O f t h es e h a ml et s s urv i v e i n t h e d e s i g n a t i o n s O f

l i c s t a ti n d mun i c ip a l w a rd s i n t h e I n di a n q ua r t er
p o e o n s a
-
.

So m e rec a l l t h e oc c up a t i o n s O f t he o ri g i n a l s et t l e r s .

K o o ma rt o lly w a s t he q ua rter o f t h e p o t te r s Mo o ch eep a ra ,

o f t h e c o bbl e rs C o loo t o l la h a s w e h a v e a lr ea dy n o t i c ed
, , ,

o f t h e ka lus o r O i l p re s s er s -
O t h er s d eri v ed t h ei r a pp el
.

la t i o n s fro m pr o mi ne n t n a t ur a l O bjec t s Th e f a me o f a
.

s p rea d i n g ba n i a n t r ee i s -
perp et ua t ed by B urt o lla h ; t he
bea ut i es of a t a n k f ull O f fl o w e ri n g w a t er lili es by P uddo -

p o o k u r . S O t oo t h e s i m u l o r c o t t o n t re e -
g i v e s i t s n a m e

t o S i ml a a n d En ta lly rec a l l s th e t i me w h en a ll t h a t po r t i o n
,

of C a l c ut ta w a s a t id a l s w a mp fo r t he hin ta l i s a S p ec i es
,

O f d a te pa l m
- r w i l i u h l li t i T h r
g o n g o n y n s c o c a es e. e was

ne ith er un ifo r mi t y no r s y mmet ry i n t he a r ra n g emen t Of th e

 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

h o use s h a mlet s The ri c h Beng al ees o f t he d a y

i n t h es e .

h a d n o ey e fo r t he a d v a n t ag es o f a w id e s t reet o r a n o p en
‘

c o m p o un d The d en s e j ung l e w hi c h s urro un ded t h ei r

.

h o us es w ere full o f d a co i t s a n d t hi ev es a s n a mes s uc h ,

a s C ho reba g a n s ti ll t es t ify b th i r it u ti d t h i r
y e s a o n a n e

n a me : a n d h is fi r s t o bj ec t w a s t o g ua rd ag a i n s t t h ei r
a t t a c k a n d s ec ur e t he pri v a c y o f h is p urd a h Th e f ro n .

t a g e O f t he h o us e he w o uld let th er efo re t o a rt i s a n s w ho , ,

pa id h im a s ubs t a n t i a l ren t a n d mi ght s erve a s a d efe n c e

in t i me O f n eed a nd a c c es s t o t h e d o ubl e q ua d ra ngl e w a s
o n ly h a d by a n a rr o w a n d w i n di n l w hi h ul d b
g a n e c c o e ,

ba rri c a d ed a t a mo men t s n o t i c e a n d a t t he s a me t i me
’

w a s a l w a y s c oo l a n d s h a de d i n t h e ho tt es t w ea t h er H un .

dred s o f ma n s i o n s w i t h s urro un di n gs s uc h a s th es e m a y
be s een t o t hi s d a y a n d t h e l eg a c y o f c o nges ti o n a n d i n s a n i
,

t a t io n w hi c h t hey r ep r es en t h a s been t h e d es pa i r O f m un i
, ,

c i p a l re fo r me r s s i n c e t he t i me o f W ell es l ey .

l n t h e m i ds t of the i
n a t ve tow n , t he F a uj d a ri B a l a
kha n a at t he c o n er r of L o w er C h it po re R o a d an d C o lo o
t o ll a h , s e v es t o r r emi n d us O f d a y s w h en the Fa ujd a r o r ,

m ili t a ry g o v e r no r o f H o o g hly h a d h is o fli c ia l r es id e n ce
,

in C a l c ut ta in th e l o ft y ma n s i o n w hi ch o n c e s to o d th ere .

It w a s t he pre r og a t i v e o f t hi s fun c t i o n a ry t o a dj udi c a t e

i f h e w a s s o m i nd ed upo n t he q ua rrel s o f the n a t i v e in h a bi
t a n t s o f C a l c ut t a a n d fro m 1 700 o n w a rd s h e r ec e i v ed a
,

h a n d s o me a n n ua l bri be fro m t h e Co un ci l a t Fort W illi a m

i n c o n s ide r a t i o n o f his fo reg o i n g i t s ex erc i s e As l a t e ev en .

i s Ma y 1 7 42 t h e C o n s ul t a t i o n s c o n t a i n t he s i g n i fi c a n t
, ,

T he Hugly Ph o us d a r d ema n di ng t h e us ua l a n n ua l
“
e n t ry
‘

re s e n t d ue i n N o v embe r l a s t m u t i t ur r t r up
p a o n n g o c, e n ee s
 T HE M A H R A TT A D I TC H A N D T HE PA L I S AD E S .

t w o t h o us a n d s eve n h un dred a nd fi ft y —a g r eed th a t t he

”
Pres id en t do pa y t he s a me out o f t he c a s h Fo urt een
.

y ea r s l a t er t he F a uj da r O f H oo g hly M a n ic k Ch a n d en
, , ,

tered upo n t h e p er fo rm a n ce O f h i s l o n g d efe rred d uti es

a n d di s pen s ed j us t ic e fo r a few mo n th s i n C a l c ut t a a s t h e

li eut en a n t O f t he c o n q ueri n g N a bo b Th e ta l e of t he o ne
.

r t h u m ili t i uff r d b t h E n li s h a t Fo rt W illi a m

g ea a o n s e e y e g
mus t be l eft h o w ev er t o be t o ld i n a c h a p t e r O f it s o w n
, ,
.
 C H A PTE R V .

T HE TR O U B L E S OF 1 756 .

IN 1 7 56 t h er e di ed Aliv erdi Kh a n w ho h a d in 1 740 ,

o us t ed t h e s o n o f M urs h ed K uli K h a n by fo rc e O f a rms

fro m t h e mus n ud O f B en g a l a n d h a d pe r mitt ed t he

,

E n g li s h t o ex c a v a t e t h e M a h ra t t a D it c h in 1 7 42 His .

s uc c es s o r w a s h i s g ra n d s o n S er a j ud D o w l a h- -
a y o uth of
,

t w en t y w h o m po s t eri t y h a s a g r eed t o d es c ri be a s c ruel

,

a n d p ro fl iga t e a n d f ull o f h a t r ed‘ fo r t h e E n g li s h The .

a c t i o n O f R o er D r a k e
g ,t h e G o v er n o r o f t h e S e t t l e m e n t ,

in g i v i n g s he l t er t o Ki s h en D a s t he s o n O f R a j a h R a j
,

bull a h Go v er n o r O f D a cc a w h o s e w e a l t h h e c o v et ed g a ve
, , ,

t h e n ew N a bo b a pr ete x t fo r h o s t ili t i es He d ema n de d t he

.

s urr en d er o f Ki s he n D a s a n d t h e de s t r uc t i o n O f t h e f o rt i

fi ca t io n s o f C a l c ut t a : a n d up o n n ei t h e r O f t h es e d ema n d s
bei n g c o mpli ed w i t h h e i n t he mo n th O f J une
, , 1 7 56 , ,

ma rc h ed up o n F o r t W illi a m w i t h a n a rmy w hi c h i s sa i d
to h a v e c o n s i s t ed o f m en Th e E n g li s h w e re
.

w h o lly un pr ep a red t o meet a n y o rg a n i z ed a t t a c k C o l o n el

.

Sc o t t t h e C o mma n d a n t i n 1 754 el a bo ra t ed a pl a n fo r
, ,

s ec uri n
g t h e S et t l em e n t fr o m a n y a tt a c k O f t h e c o u n t ry
”
fo rc es but w ro t e t he C o un c il to t he C o ur t o f D i r ec t o r s
, , ,

h is d ea t h p ut a c h ec k upo n o ur p urs ui n i t nd w e
g a ,
”
w er e c a ut i o us a bo ut l a yi n o ut muc h mo n ey C
g o
. n s e

q u e n t ly t he fo rt i fic a t i on s h a d been ut t erly n eg l ec t ed a n d
, ,

w a r eh o us es h a d been buil t up t o t h e e d g e o f t he r a mp a r ts .

Th e Fo r t w a s c o mma n d ed by t he c h urc h a n d a dj o i n i ng
 rue TRO UB LE S or 1 7 56 .

h o us es a n d w a s un pro t ec t ed by a n y di t c h o r o utw o rk The .

t e rra c es w e re s o s h a k y t h a t t h e li g ht es t g un s c o uld n o t be

us e d upo n t h em a nd t he p a r a p et s w er e t oo low t o a d mi t
,

O f t h e eff ec t i v e empl o y me n t O f m us k et ry H ea v y fi re w a s .

re s t ri c ted t o t h e ba s t i o n s a n d t h e ma i n g a t e but ev en h ere ,

t h e e mbra s ur es w e r e d a n ge ro us ly w id e To v en t il a t e t h e .

c h a mbe r s a g a i n s t t he e a s t c ur t a i n s ev e ra l w i n d o w s h a d ,

”
be e n ma d e so ma n y br ea c h es fo r t he en emy
“
,
Th e .

s uppli e s w e re a s i n a d e q ua t e a s th e d ef en c es Th ere w a s .

n o t s uffi c i en t p o w d e r a n d w h a t t he re w a s
,
w a s n o t go o d ,
.

H a rdly a c a rri a ge w o uld hea r a g un a n d h a rdly a s h ell ,

w o uld fi t H o l w ell in h is n a rra t iv e s ta t es t h a t t he ga r

.

ri s o n c o n s i s t ed o f 1 45 men o f t h e ba t t a l i o n a n d 45 o f t he
t ra i n o ffic e r s i n c l ud ed a n d in bo t h on ly 60 E ur o pea n s
* .
, ,

Th e re w ere n o t fi v e t h a t h a d ev e r s een a mus k et fi red i n

a ng er F ro m t h e M ili t i a a bo ut 65 c hi efl y E uro p ea n s mo s t
.
, ,

o f t h em c o v en a n t ed s er va n t s en t ered as v o l un t ee r s i n
,

t he b a t t a li o n In t he l a s t s t rug g l e t h e n um be r en g a ged
.
,

o n o ur s id e did n o t ex c eed 1 70 men O f w ho m 25 w er e ,

kill ed a n d a bo ut 70 w o un d ed O rme s es t i m a te O f t he
’
.

B uc k l e i n h i s memo i rs of the B en ga l A rt i l l e ry s a ys th a t i n 1 756

th e B en ga l C omp a n y of A rt il l ery was co mma n d ed by C a pta in

La w re n c e Wi theri n gt on , w i th hea dq ua rt ers at Fort Wi l li a m, a n d
deta ch men ts at D a c c a , B a l a so re, C oss imbaz a r, P a tna , e tc . O n th e
si ege of the Fo rt o n ly 45 A rti l l ery-men w ere i n th e ga rri son , a nd

a ll
p eri sh ed in th e B l a ck Hol e w i th thei r C omman der . They
bel on ged t o N o. 1 C ompa n y of t he l at B a t tery , B en ga l A rt i l l ery ,
no w zud M oun ta i n B a t tery, R G A . . . An en t ry i n th e B a ttery - record
m ds : A po rt ion o f th i s co mpa n y peri shed i n th e B l a ck Hol e
”
at C a l cutt a : th e remn a n t a t P l a ssey ( See a l et t e r i n t h e P i o n eer.

of Augus t 1 7 ,
 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

d e fen di n g fo rc es is s li g h t ly di s c rep a n t i n d et a il b ut of ,

s i m il a r p urpo rt Ac c o rdi n g t o hi m t he regul a r ga rri s on

.
,

w a s c o mp o sed o f 26 4 men a n d t he i n h a bi t a n t s s e rv i ng as
,

M ili t i a a dd ed a n o t h er 250 ma ki ng i n a ll 5 1 4 ,
Y et o nl y .

1 7 4 o f t hi s n umbe r w ere E ur o p ea n s a n d o f t h ese n o t t en ,

h a d e v e r se en a n y o th e r t h a n t h e s erv i c e o f t he p a r a d e the
r es t w er e to p a s s es A r men i a n s a n d P o rt ugues e i n h a bi
*
, ,

t a n t s o n w h o s e fa i t h o r s piri t n o re l i a n ce c o uld be p l a c ed
,
.

C a p t a i n G eo rge M i n c hi n w ho h a d s uc ceed ed C o l o nel

,

S c o tt a s c o mma n da n t a n d h is s en i o r o ffi c ers w ith t h e o ne

, ,

Sc ot t s s o n i n la w
’
ex c ep t i o n o f C a p t a i n J o h n B uc h a na n ,
- -
,

w ere en tirely d efi c i en t in mili t a ry ex perie n c e t a n d t he ,

t r 0 0 p s w er e a l mo s t un di s c ipli n ed .

It w a sk n o w n in C a l c ut t a o n t he l s t o f J un e t h a t C o s s im
ba z a r w a s t hrea t en ed but i t w a s n o t un t il s ix d a y s l a t er
,

t h a t a ut h en t i c i nf o r ma ti o n a rri v ed th a t t he Fa c t o ry h a d

fa ll en w i t h o ut s t riki n g a bl o w a n d t h a t an i m med i a t e
,

d es c en t o n Fo r t W illi am w a s t o fo ll o w U rgen t c a ll s .

fo r he lp w e re s en t t o M a dr a s a n d a n a ppea l ma d e t o
Ch a n d ern a go re a n d Chi n s ura h B ut t he D utc h men beg g ed .

t o be e x c us ed a n d t he F r en c h pro p o s ed t h a t t he E n g l i s h
,

s h o uld j o i n t h em a t Fo rt O rl ea n s It w a s c l ea r t h a t n e i th e r
.

*
By To p a ss es a re mea n t P o rt ugues e h a l f -
c a s tes , gen era lly e m
“ ”
p l o y ed , e ven by t h e C o un t ry pow e rs , as gun n ers .

! The re w ere in deed t w o E n gi n eers , of w ho m th e one . C h a rles

O Ha ra
’
, wen t on boa rd th e shi p w ith D ra ke, a nd the o th er. C o l in
S i mso n , pe ri shed i n t he B l a ck Ho l e : but they can ha ve been l i ttl e
bet t er th a n ma teurs , f o r th ey w ere c on s ta n tl v
a o sc i l l a ti n :
g bet w e en a

w ri ters h i p a n d th ei r p urel
y m i l i t ar
y d ut i es .
58 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

re p uls ed t h e fi rs t a t t a c k a n d ma d e a i g h t s o rt i e i n w hich n -

m E b h
’
t h e y s pik ed f o ur o f t h e e n e y s g u n s n c o u r a g ed y
. t e

r et rea t o f M eer J a ffer upo n D um D um t h e E n gli s h s pent -

,

t h e o o w n g mo
f ll i r i i n b u r n i n
g t h e b a z a r s i n fr o n t a n d
n n g
t o t he s o ut h o f th e F o rt a s f a r a s G o v i n d p o re T he .

w hi t e h o us es w e re by a n a r ra n ged s i gn a l v a c a t ed
,
, ,

a n d t h e E ur o p ea n w o men a n d c hild re n c r o w d ed i n t o the

Fo rt w he re w ri t es G o v er n o r D r a k e t h e fo rme r
“
, ,
dili ,
"
n t ly em pl o y ed t he ms el v es in ma ki n n n o n c a r t rid
g e g c a g es .

O n F rid a y t he 1 7 t h t h e ene my r ea pp ea re d in fo rc e but

, , ,

t h e a tt a c k w a s d eli ve red fro m t h e ea s t a n d n o l o n g er from ,

t he n o rt h In t he a ft e rn o o n t h ey s et fi re t o t h e B urra
.
,

B a z a r w hi c h la y w i t hi n h a lf a mil e fro m t h e Fo rt o n t he
,

no rt h ea s t-
a n d s w a r med a l l ro un d t h e Se t t l emen t
,
The .

Po r t ug uese a n d o t h er “
bl a c k Chri s t i a n s n ow fl o c k ed
i n s id e t he d efen c es t o t he n umbe r o f ,
but t h e y re n
d e red li t t l e o r n o a s s i s t a n c e t o t he g a r ri s o n a n d w e re o n ,

t h e c o n t r a ry a s o urc e o f m uc h i n c o n v e n i e n c e a n d h i n

d ra n c e .

Th e E ng li s h po s t s r
dri v en i n o n t he f ol l o w in g
o ut we e

mo r n i n g t h e 1 8t h t he m o s t re s o l ut e a s s a ul t bei n g ma d e
, ,

o n t h e ba t t e ry t o t he ea s t w a rd ( w hi c h w e h a v e a l r ea d y
’
l o c a t ed o n t he s i te o f S t An d rew s Kirk) a n d it s o utp o s t s
.

in t h e j a il c l o s e t o i t Thi s p o r t i o n o f t h e po s i t io n w a s
.

p a r t ly h eld by a d et a c h me n t o f M ili t i a c o mma n ded b y

j o h n Z eph a n i a h H o l w el l w ho h a d j o i ne d th e C o mpa n y s
,
’

s e r v i c e a s a S ur eo n
g bu t w a s n o w E ,i g h t h o f C o un c il W e .

h a ve a l rea dy en c o un t ered him in t he c a p a c i t y o f Z em i n

d a r a n d h e w a s s t ill h o ldi n g t h a t o flic e
, The po s t w a s .

i n a v ery ex p o s ed po s i t i o n w ri t es D r B us t eed i n h i s
,
“
.
 THE TR O UB LE S or 1 756 .

a d m i r a bl e E c ho es fro m O ld: C a lc ut ta a nd ,
w a s v ery

s t ub bo r n ly d efe n d ed So h ea v y w a s t he fi re bro ug h t
.

t o b e a r upo n it t h a t o n ly t h e men n eces s a ry t o w o rk t h e

g u n s w e re a t l a s t a l l o w ed t o r em a i n i n i t t h e r es t bei n g,

o rd e re d un d e r c o v e r w i t hi n t h e M a y o r s C o ur t c l o s e by
’
,

rea d y t o t a ke t h e pl a c es fro m t i me t o t i me o f t h o se w ho
”
w e r e s h o t do w n . A t l en g t h C a p ta i n Cl a y t o n t he mili ,

t a ry o ffi c er i n c h a rge direc t ed H o l w ell t o g o t o t he F o r t

,

a n d r e p o rt t he c ri t i c a l s i t ua t i o n o f a ffa i rs O n Ho lw el l s
’
.

ret ur n h o w e v er w i t h o rd ers t o w i t hdra w a n d s pi ke t he

, ,

ca n n o n he fo un d t he o ut po s t in t he ut mo s t c o n f us i o n a n d
,
.

on t h e p o i n t o f bei n g a ba n d o n ed The pri n c i p al gun s

.
,

tw o l S po un d er s w er e s o i n effec t ua lly di s a bl ed t h a t t h ey
-
,

w e r e re mo un t ed by t he en emy a n d us ed a g a i n s t t h e F o r t
-

w i t h m o s t d a ma i n r u l t
g g es s .

Th el o s s o f t hi s po s t led t o t he prec ipi t a t e rec a ll o f t he

o t h e r ba t te rie s t he s a me ev en i n A f t r m u h ll t
g .e c g a a n

but i r r eg ul a r fig h t i n g i n t h e s t r eet s n o t a bly in t h os e n o w

,

kn o w n a s M i s s i o n R o w a n d B ri t i s h I n di a n S t reet w hi c h
,

n ee dl e s s ly di v id ed t he s ma ll fo rc e a n e r a l r et r ea t w a s
g,e

ma d e t o t he s h el t e r o f t h e F o r t S ma ll p a r t i es w er e ha s
.

t ilv t h r o w n i n t o t he h o us es w hi c h mo s t c l o s ely
c o m ma n d ed

t he r a m p a rt s s uc h a s S t An n e s Ch urc h w h e r
e t h e Be n a l
’
,
g
.
,

L g i l i e C o un c il Ch a mbe r n o w s t a n d s M r C rut t en den s

e s a t v
, .
’

ho us e o n t he n o r t h er n s id e o f w h a t is to da F a i rli Pl
y
-
e ace ,

a n d t h e C o mp a n y s Ho us e o n t he s
’
o ut h o f t he F o r t t h es e ,

bei n g a t a di s t a n c e o f o n ly t hir t y o r fo r t y y a rds A t ei g ht .

’
o c l o c k i n t h e e v en i n p r y C p y H
g t h,e a t i n t h e o m a n s o us e
’

w ere di s l od ed b a s t r o n fi fr m h u f r h r h
g y g r e o a o s e u t e s o u t
w he re t he e n emy ha d i n s t a ll ed t h ems el v
es a n d w hi c h m a
, y
60 CA LC U TT A or . » AN D N EW .

we ll h a ve been t he buildi n g w hi c h bea rs Ho lw e ll s n a me ’

i n W ill s pl a n Th e p o s i t i o n w a s n o w rec og n i z ed a s de
’
. s

pe ra t e a l t h o ug h t he M o o rs a t t emp t ed n o t hi ng f urt her

,

a f t e r n i g h t f a ll bey o n d a h a lf h ea rt ed e s c a l a d e o f t h e
-
n ew

g o d o w n s .

A C o un c il W a r w a s h eld a n d i t w a s res o l v ed t o s en d
of ,

t h e w o men a n d c hild re n o n bo a rd t h e v es s el s lyi n g o ff

t h e F o rt The emba rk a t i o n w a s s o h urri edly c a rrie d o ut

. ,

a n d w i t h s o li t tl e o rd e r t h a t s ev e ra l w o men , t h e Go
,

v e m o r s w ife a mo n
’

g t h e m w e r e o b li
, g ed t o r e m a i n u n t il
n e x t d a y fo r w a n t o f boa t s S o me fe w i n c l udi n g M rs
.
,
.

C a rey t he w i fe o f a s ea c a p t ai n el ec t ed t o r ema i n w i th
,
-
,

t h e i r h us ba n d s t o t he en d M a n n i n g ha m t he Th i rd o f
.
,

C o un c il a n d E x po r t W a r eh o us e k eep e r a n d F ra n kl a n d -
, ,

S i x t h o f C o un c il a n d I mpo rt W a r eh o use k eepe r es c a p ed -

, .

s a y s H o l w ell a t t hi s j un c t ure un d er pret en ce o f e sc o rt i ng

,

t he l a di es The s hip s r ema i n ed a t a n c h o r duri n g t he n i g h t

.

o f t h e 1 8t h : a n d o n t h e fo ll o w i n
g ( S a t u rd a y ) m o rn i n g
M a p leto ft t he J un i o r Ch a pl a i n a n d M a c ke t t t he N i n t h
, , ,

o f C o un c il a n d B ux e w h h d b w rki w i t h o u t i n
y o a ,
ee n o n g
t e rmis s io n i n c ut t i n g o p e n t he ba l es o f c o t t o n a n d fi ll i n g
”
i t i n ba g s t o c a rry upo n t he p a ra p et s o bt a i n ed p e r mi s
,

s io n ,
w i t h o t h e r g e n t l e m en t o rep a i r o n bo a rd t h e s h i p s
,

t o bi d fa rew ell t o t h ei r w i v es a n d c hildre n a n d d epo s i t

t h ei r g o od s a n d v a l ua bl es i n t h ei r c a re t h ey w e r e
.

s o en g a ged t he p a n i c a n d di s o rd e r o n s h o r e w a s r a p i d ly
,

rea c h i ng i ts c li ma x Th e en emy h a d been s i n c e d a y brea k

.

p gl a y in u po n t h e c h u r c h a n d f a c t o r y fr o m t h e t w o 1 8
po un d er s t h ey h a d c a p t ured a t t he ea s t er n ba t t ery Th e y .
“

fi r ed w i t h w a ll pi ec e s a n d s ma ll a r m s fro m ev ery h o l e a n d
-
 THE TR O U B LE S or 1 7 56 . 61

co rn e r a n d a ll o ur effo rt s t o di s po s s es s t h em o f t he ho us es
,
”
By n i n e o c l oc k in t h e m o r n i ng
’
pro v ed i n effec t ual .
,

t h e s ma ll p a rt i es oc c upyi n g t h e c h urc h a n d M r G rut t en .

d e n s h o us e o n the n o r t h w ere n ea rly c ut o ff a n d w ere

'
,

o rd e r ed i n s id e t he F o rt a f t er s et t i n g fi re t o t h e l a t te r
,

bui ld i n g s .Th e d es p a t c h o n bo a rd t he s hip s o f t he re

ma i n d er o f t h e E uro pea n w o men w a s fo ll o w ed by t he de
r t ur e o f o n e o f t he v es s el s to a s i t ua t i o n t hr ee m il es
p a

l o w e r d o w n t he ri ver t o a vo id t he ht e a rro w s S ev era l

-
.

o t h e r v es s el s d id t he s a me a n d t hi s w a s t h e s i g n a l fo r a
,

g e n e r a l s t a m p e d e T h e c
. ry w en t r o u n d t h a t t h e m eans

of e s c a p e w er e v a n i s hi n a d t h t rr r a n d c o n f us i o n
g n e , e o

a m o ng t h e bl a c k Chri s t i a n s bec a me un c o n t ro ll a bl e At .

h a l f p a s t t en o cl o c k t he o n ly t w o re ma i n i n g bo a t s a t t h e
’

w h a rf w e r e ma n ne d by D r a k e t he G o ve r n o r M i n c hi n t h e
, , ,

C o m m a n d a n t a n d o t h er s w h o r o w ed t o t h e s hip s i n a ll
, ,

h a s t e a n d r epres en t i n g t h a t t h e Fo rt w a s a b a n do n ed a n d
,

t h e r o ut g ene r a l p e rs ua d ed t h e c a p ta i n s t o c a s t off t h ei r
,

m o o ri n g s a n d dro p d o w n t o a s a fe di s t a n c e w i t h t h e
e b b i n g t id e .

Th e s to ry of t hi s c o w a rdly fli g h t is
i g n o ble o n e Asan .

o l t a i re t oo k oc c a s i o n t o s a y i n hi s mos t bi t i ng w o rd s th e ,

q u a k e r g o v e r n o r w a s o f a v e ry di ff e r e n t s t a m p fr o m t h e

d o ug h t y a d mira l o f h is n a me w h o fell in N o mbre de D i o s

Ba v . B ut i t is t h e fi r s t a n d o n ly i n s t a n c e o f it s ki n d i n
t h e h i s t o ry o f B ri t i s h I n di a a n d n eed n o t be r ec a ll ed
, ex ,

t i t be by w a y o f c on t r a s t t o t h e c o ur ag e o f t h o s e w ho
ce
p
re m a i n ed beh i n d t o upho ld t he h o n o ur o f t h e B ri t i s h fla g .

A f t e r t h eir ba s e d es e r t i o n t he c omma n d o f t he po o r re m
,

na n t o f t h e g a rri s o n w a s by c o m m o n c o n s en t pl a c ed i n
62 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he h a nds H o l w ell
of He p er s o n a lly h a d ev e ry o ppor
.

t un it y o f es c a p e but h e r es o l v ed t o r ema i n a n d d efend

,

t h e F o r t un t il ei t h er t h e di s a p pea ri n g v es s el s m i g h t r e turn ,

o r t he S t G eo rg e t he l a s t r ema i n i n g s hip w hi c h w a s at
.
,

P erri n s R ed o ubt mi g h t dro p d o w n t o en a bl e t h e m to

’
,

ma ke a g en er a l r et rea t B ut n o v es s el s c a me ba c k o n the
.

fl o o d a s t h ey m i g h t ea s ily h a v e d o n e M o rri s th e Pilot

,
.
,

o f t h e S t G e o rg e l o s t h i s h ea d
.
,
a n d t h e s hip ra n a g round
,

a n d w a s s ei z ed a n d bur n t by t h e e n e my N o t hi n g n ow .

rema i n ed but t o res is t t o t he l a s t w i t h di mi n i s h ed s t rength

a n d f a ili n g a mm un i ti o n Th e en emy o bt a i n ed pos s es s i on
.

o f t h e c h urc h a n d o p en ed a ga lli n g f us ill a d e f r o m i t

. At .

d a w n o n S un d a y th e 20t h o f J un e a v i g o ro us e ff o rt w a s
, ,

ma d e t o c a rry t h e n o r t he r n c ur t a i n b ut i t w a s a s v i g o r ,

o us ly r ep ul s ed , a n d t h e li t t l e g a rri s o n c o n t i n ued t o h o l d i t s

o w n un t il l a t e i n t he a f t e r n o o n Th er e w er e by th a t t i me
.

l es s t h a n ei g h t y un w o un ded men l eft a n d a ll w e re w o rn ,

o ut . H o l w e ll , y i eldi n g t o t h ei r i mpo r t un i t i es c ea s e d fi ri n g ,

a n d beg a n t o p a rl ey w h ere up o n t h e en e m y s w a r me d in
, ,

a n d by s i x o c l oc k i n t h e ev en i n g Se r a j ud D o w l a h w a s i n
’
- -

po s s es s i o n o f t he Fo rt To s a y a s M a c a ul a y d o es t h a t
.
, ,

”
t h e Fo r t w a s t a k en a f t er a feeble r es i s t a n c e is t o c a s t , ,

a n un m eri t ed s l ur upo n H o l w e ll a n d h is s l en d e r f o r c e A .

a m a t te r o f f a c t t h e F o r t w a s fi erc ely d efen de d fo r s o m e

,

t hir t y ho ur s a n d t h e enemy s o w n li s t o f kille d a n d w o un d

’

e d en t ir ely n eg a t i v es t h e a s s e r t i o n B y t h e c o n fes s i o n o f .

S er a j ud D o w la h s o w n men o v e r
’
- -
o f t he i r t r0 0
, p s ,

to g et h er w i t h 80 j ema da r s a n d o ffi c e rs o f c o n s eq uen c e "

,

w e re ki lled i n t he a t t a c k up o n t h e Fo r t fro m fi r s t to l a s t .

In t he con f us i o n w hi c h fo ll o w ed t he s urren de r a b o , ut
t w en t y of t h e g a rri s o n ra n t o t he n o rt h w es t ba s t i o n d
-
a n
 r m: TRO UB LE S or

d r o pped fr o m t he e he re s o me es c a p ed a l o n g
mbr a s ur es ,
w
”
t h e s li me o f t h e ri v e r Amo n g t h ese ( a c c o rdi n g t o o n e
.

a c c o un t ) w a s P a ul R i c h a rd P ea rkes F ift h o f C o un c il a n d ,

A cc o mp t a n t He ha d r es i g n ed t o H o l w ell t he c o mma n d
.

t o w hi c h h e w a s en t i tl ed by s en i o ri t y a ft e r t he d efec t i o n

o f D r a ke a n d a l et t er o f pro t es t fro m h im a g a i n s t Ho lw el l s
’

c o l o url es s r epo rt o f h is s urren de r o f a ut ho ri t y is t o be

fo un d in t he pr oc eedi n gs o f M a rc h 1 757 w i t h a n o t e by ,

t h e c o p yi ng cl erk t o t h e eff ec t t h a t P R P ea rkes w a s . .

”
a p o l t r oon S t
. ill he w a s o n e o f t h e v e ry few w ho re
m a i n ed a t h is po s t a n d t he c en s ur e ma y be fa r mo r e
,

fi t ly d i rec t ed a ga i n s t t h os e w ho des er t ed t heir c o m r a d es

w h i le t h ere w a s s t ill h o pe The r ema i n d er w ere s ur
.

r o un d ed a n d t a k en pri s o n ers H o l w e ll w a s s ummo n ed

.

be fo r e t he N a bo b a n d repro a c h ed fo r h is a ud a c i t y in de
,

fe n d i n g t h e Fo r t but r ece i ve d t he a s s ura n c e t h a t n o h a rm

,

s h o uld be d o n e t o t h e pri s o n e r s A s e v en i ng c a me ho w.
,

ev e r , t he w h o l e o f th e c a p t i v es s o me 1 46 i n n umbe r w ere
, ,

c ra m med i n t o a w r et c h ed d un g eo n in t h e Fo r t a c ube ,
”
o f 1 8 feet w i t h t w o s ma ll g ra t ed w i n do w s o n ly w hi c h
, ,

h a d been used a s t he pri s o n o f t h e g a rri s o n an d w a s c a ll ed

t h e B l a c k H o l e Th ey w e r e o f a l l ra n k s a n d c l a s s es s en i o r
.
,

me rc h a n t s a n d fa c t o r s w ri ter s w ho h a d o nl y been a y ea r
,

o r t w o i n t h e c o un t ry s ea c a pta i n s a n d ma ri n er s
,
-
mili t a ry ,

o fli c e rs a n d t h ei r men a nd h umb l e a rt i s a n s o f t he C o m
,

”
pa n y Th ere w a s ev en a l a w ye r a n d it is t o be fea red
.
, , ,

mo re t h a n o ne w o ma n a n d c hild B es id es H o l w ell th e .
,

m o re pro mi n en t i n c l uded tw o members of C o un c il , E yr e a n d

B a il l ie r es p ec ti v ely Ten t h a n d E lev en t h Gerva s B ell a my
, , ,

t he S eni o r Ch a pl a i n t o t h e Se t tl emen t a n d a n o l d ma n ,

o f 66 ,J o h n C oo k e t he Sec reta ry t o t he B o a rd C a p t a i n
, ,
 64 C A LC U TTA ow AN D n ew .

Jo h n B u c h a n a n w h o s e w id o w
, bec a m e t h e fi rs t w ife of
W a rr en H a s t i n g s a n d R o ber t By n g a yo ung w ri ter
, , ,

n e ph ew o f t he un fo r t un a t e Ad mi r a l O f t h es e S ec reta ry .
,

C o o k e a l o n e s urv i ved .

Th e n ig h t was one of the h o t t es t of the mo s t sut l ry

s ea s o n of y ea r a n d t he
t he , s o o n bec a mepri s o n ers fra n
t ic w i t h i n s uff era bl e t hi r s t a n d s uffoc a t i n g w a n t o f a ir .

As t h e n i g h t w o r e o n t h ey s a n k o n e by o n e a n d d i ed
,

a n d w he n t h e d o o r w a s o p en ed i n t he mo r n i n g o nly ,

t w en t y t h ree a mo n w h m w n e w o ma n M C r y
g o a s o r
-
, s a e ,
.
,

ca m e o ut a li v e H o l w ell E n s i g n W a l c o t t a s en ior
.
, ,

me rc h a n t n a me d R i c h a rd C o ur t a n d B urd et t a w ri t er , , ,

w e re pl a c ed i n i r o n s a n d s en t t o M ur s hid a ba d i n a c o un

t ry bo a t
-
Thenes t w er e s uffered t o esc a pe a n d t h e ex peri
.
,

o n c es o f t w o o f t he m ma y be t a k en a s t ypi c al o f a ll .

M ill s a s ea c a p t a i n w ho g a v e up h is pl a c e a t o n e o f t he
,
-
,

w i n do w s t o H o l w ell rec o rd s h o w he a c c o mp a n i ed by
, ,

w a l k ed t o S urma n s ( i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t he
’
t hr ee o t h er s ,

mo d er n P ri n s ep s G h at ) a f t er t h ei r relea s e fro m t h e
’

”
H ell i n mi n i a t ure a nd t h e n c e ba c k to
,
Go v i n d po re ,

w h er e F o r t W illi a m s t a n d s t o d a y H ere t h ey s t a y ed
-
.

fo r t hr ee d a y s i n a n a t i v e h ut a n d ev en t ual ly foun d
t h eir w a y t o t h e c a m p o f D r a k e a n d t h e o t h er re f ug e e s

n ea r t h e de s pi c a bl e v ill a ge o f P ul t a s o me 30 m i l es ,

do n t
w h e ri v e r S o . t o o H e n ry ,
L u s hi n g t
,
o n a y o u n g ,

w teri r ,
w a s a ll o w e d t o m a k e h i s w a y d o w n t o t h e

s hip s a n d t o e a r n a pl a c e i n Hi s t o ry a s t h e m a n wha ,

u en d r t h e o r d e r s o f Cli v e f o r g ed t h e n a m ,
e o f A d m i ra l

W a t so n o n t he Red Trea t y ( l o ll c oggedg e ) w hi c h w a s

' “

L a l l K ha ga z .
66 CA C L U TTA ow AN D n ew .

ha d been su rro un d ed by i kn es s
s c a nd di s ea s e , w hi c h made
r
s t a n ge h a voc a mo n g th em .

D uri ng t he w h o l e ri o d the c o n s ul t a t i ons

of t hi s pe ,

o f t he Co mmi t tee o f Go v e rn men t w e re ca rr i ed o n s om e ,

t i me s o n bo a rd t he P h oen i x s c hoo n er a n d a t other

”
t i mes o n bo a rd the Gra mpus s l o o p Th e fo rt unes .

o f t he C o mp a n y i n B en g a l w er e a t t he ir lo w es t ebb .

W a rr en H a s ti ngs w ri t i n g f ro m C os s im ba z a r w h ere he
'

, ,

w a s li v i ng i n a s pec i es o f s urv eill a n ce d oes n o t h es i ta te ,

to sa y t h a t t he E ng li s h a t t h e Co urt o f M oo rs h ida bad

"
a re n ev er me n ti o n ed ex c ep t w ith p ity a n d c o n t e m t
p .

The p a rty a t Fult a ha d r ec ei v ed a s mal l rei n fo rc em en t in

t h e s h a p e o f 230 E uro p ea n s w ho h a d been h a s t i ly des
,

p a t c hed un d er th e c o mm a n d o f M a jor K il pa t ri c k from

M a dra s w h en i n fo rma t i o n ha d c o me t o h a n d a bo ut the
,

middl e o f J uly o f t h e fa ll o f t he fa c to ry a t C os s i m b a z ar .

T hi s little fo rc e h a d a rri v ed i n Aug us t , but it w a s t o o w eak

t o a t te mp t a n y s eri o us h os t iliti es a ga i n s t M a n i ok C h a n d ,

’
t he N a bo b s go ve rn o r o f C a l c utt a I t s uffered griev o us ly
.

fro m the n ec es s ity o f t a ki n g up i t s q ua r ters i n s w a m y

p
g r o un d b,y r e a s o n o f t h e w a n t o f roo m o n bo a rd

s hip s a n d Cli ve a n d W a t s o n fo un d f ull y fo ur fif t h s

, -

t h em d ea d a nd , o f t he r es t n o t mo re th a n t e n fi t fo i
d ut y .

Th e a ven g n g i fo rc e did no t r ea c h F ult a , h o w ev er , un t i

t he en d o f 1 7 56 w a s n ea r at ha nd . N ew s of t he c a p t u n

of C a l c utta a n d o f t he t ra gedy o f t he B l a c k H o l e w a l

rec ei ved a t Fo rt St Geo rge o n Augus t 1 6 Pigo t

.
th .
,

G o ve r n o r a fterw a rd s i n a s ec o n d term o f o ffice t o b e fl

,

v ict i m o f a n a ud a c i o us a rre s t a nd i mpri so n men t in ,

 rue TR O UB L E S or 1 7 56 . 67

m edi a t el y su mmo n ed C li v e, j us t a s s umed

w ho h a d o n ly

o fli ce a s D ep ut y G o v er n o r o f F o r t; S t D a v id. A s i t .

c h a n ce d ,
th er e w e r e b o t h tr 00 p s a n d m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t
a v a i la bl e . Ad mir a l s Ch a rl es W a ts o n a n d Geo rge P oc oc k
h a d been de s p a t c hed w i t h a fl eet t o t h e C o ro ma n d el
C o a s t d uri ng t h e y ea r 1 7 55 i n a n t i c ip a t i o n o f h o s t ili t i es
,

w i th F r a n c e I n Febr ua ry 1 757 Cli ve h a d been a s s i s t i n g

.
,

t h em i n t he de s t r uc t i o n o f Gherria h t h e s t ro n gh o ld o f ,

t h e pir a t e A n g ria o n t h e B o mba y c o a s t : a n d t h e s h i p s

h a d r et urn ed i n tri umph a n d w ere lyi n g in t he M a d ra s

ro a d s Th ey h a d b ro ugh t o ut o n bo a rd fro m E n g l a n d
.

t h e K i ng s Thi r t y N i n t h R eg i men t o f F oo t a n d h a d l a n d
’ ‘
-
,

ed t h e m a t F o r t S t G e o r
.
g e i n J a n u a ry 1 7 5 6 —,
P ri m u s

in I n di s , as th e pro ud mo t t o o n t h eir co l o urs s till

t es t i fi es . The r eg i men t i s n o w k n ow n t erri t o ri a lly a s t h e
l s t ba t ta li o n o f t he D o rs et s hi re R eg i men t : a n d w as a t
fi r s t k n o w n a s C o l o n el Adle rc ro n s R eg i men t fr o m t h e
’
,

n a m e o f it s c o m ma n d e r A mo n g i t s o ffic er s w a s a y o un g
.

c a p ta i n o f t h i rty y ea r s o f a g e n a med ,
E yre C o o t e th e ,

f ut ure o p po n en t o f Hyd er Ali Al t h oug h o ri g i n a lly r a i se d

.

f o r s e rv i ce a s ma ri n es o n bo a rd th e E a s t I n di a fl eet t h ey ,

w e re bei n g k ep t i n rea di n es s t o ma rc h a g a i n s t B us s y w ho

h a d es ta bli s h ed h i ms el f w i t h a F ren c h g a rri s o n n ea r Hy

d e ra ba d . B ut t he ba d n ew s fro m Be n ga l a l t ered t h ei r
d es t i n a ti o n A n e x pedi t i o n w a s q ui c kly eq uipped a n d s ai l
.

e d o n O c t o ber l 6t h 1 756 ,
B ut it w a s n o t unt i l t h e middl e
.

o f D ec ember t h a t t he E n g li s h a t F ul t a d es c ri ed t h e s a il s o f

the K en t a nd t he Tyg er a n d t h e Cum berla n d .

 C H A P TE R V I .

TH E W O RK OF CLIV E AN D W ATSO N .

C L I V E a n d \V a t s o n l o s t n o t i me in s et t i ng t o w o rk .

The fo rt o f B ud g e B ud g e w hi c h bl oc k ed t h e w a y w a s
-
, ,

t a k en a l mo s t a t o n c e a n d o n J a n ua ry 2n d 1 7 57 C a l c ut ta
, , ,

a n d F o r t W illi a m o n c e mo re f ell i n to t he h a n d s o f the

E n g li s h *
A w ee k l a t en t he t o w n o f H oo g hl y w a s s t o r m
.
,

ed by C o o t e Se r a j ud D o w l a h w ho h a d r et i red t o M ur
.
- -
,

s h ida ba d ma rc h ed t o w a rd s C a l c ut t a ma s ki n g h is p ur p os e
, ,

by a s h o w o f li s t en i n g t o p ea ce f ul o v er t ure s fr o m D r a k e
a n d h is c o ll ea g ues w h o h a d t a k en t h e ea rli es t o ppo rtun i t y
,

o f re i n s t a lli n g
-
t h ems el v es i n o fli c e Cli ve g ro w n i m .
,

p a t i en t o f d el a y ma d e a de te r mi n ed a s s a ult o n th e M og ul
,

c a mp ? F eb rua ry 4t h
or Th e N a bo b h a s t ily w i t h d r ew
.

h i s t roo p s : a n d fi ve d a y s l a t er c o n c l ud ed a t rea t y w h i c h
r es t o red t o t he E n g li s h a l l t h ei r fo r mer pri v il ege s o f
f ree p a s s a g e o f goo d s by l a n d a n d w a t er pl a c ed th e m ,

o nc e mo r e in p o s ses s i o n o f t h ei r f a c t o rie s a n d s t o l e n
p ro per t i es a n d per mi t t ed t he fo r t i fic a t i o n o f C al c ut t a
,

a n d t he es t a bli s h me n t o f a M i n t He a l s o s t ip ula te d h e .

*
l he ea rl i es t J udges of t he S up reme Wi l l i a m
' '

Co urt at F o rt
ba s e d th e ri gh t of the E n gl i sh to C a l c utt a upo n con q ues t as a

res ul t of th i s ac h i eve men t . In 1 782, w e fi n d Mr . J usti c e H y d e

( r R obert C h a mbers
S i c on c urri n g ) l a y i ng do w n th e f ol l ow i ng d ic
t um f ro m th e B en c h :
“
We sa y th e i n h a bit a n t s of th i s to w n a re

a ll B ri ti sh j
s ub ec t s , bec a us e t h i s to w n w a s c on q uered by A d m i ra l
Wa t s o n a nd C o lo n el C l i ve , but th a t does not ex ten d to s ub o rd i
”
n a te f a ct o ri es .
 T HE WO RK OF c u vs AN D W AT S O N . 69

w ould a ll ow t he ze
g r ami n d a r s
n t t o t h e C o mp to
a ny

t he v i ll a ges i n t h e v i c i n ity o f C a l c ut t a g i v en by F er o k

s h a h s fi rma n d et a i n ed fro m t h em by o rd er o f the

’
but ,
”
So uba h Th e t reat y h o w eve r w a s n ev er c a rri ed i n t o
.
, ,

eff ec t . W a r h a v i n g bro k en o ut bet w een E n gl a n d a n d

Fr a nc e Cli v e a n d W a t s o n a tt a c k ed Ch a n d er n a g o re a n d
,

c a p t ured F o r t O rl ea n s o n M a rc h 22n d a f t er a n i n e d a y s
’

S ie g e.

An pen r up t ure fo ll o we d w ith Ser a j ud D o w l a h w ho

o - -

w as pro fes s i n g t o a s s i s t t he F ren c h Cli v e w ro t e a .

pe rem pt o ry let t er de ma n di n g s a t i s fa c ti o n fo r al l i n j uri es

, ,

a mo n g w h ic h s t r a n g ely en o ug h
,
t he B l a c k H o l e tra g edy,

fo un d n o pl a c e Th e N a bo b by w a y o f re ply i n s t a n t ly
.

s e t h i s a r my in mo t i o n but Cli v e w a s a lr ea dy a dv a n c
,

i ng . O n t he 1 7t h J une t h e E n g li s h c o n c en tr a t ed a t
,

C h a n d ern ag o re t he i r li t tl e fo rc e o f a bo ut 900 E uro p ea n s ,

i nc l ud i n g t he 39t h a n d 50 s a il o rs f ro m W a t s o n s s hip s ’
,

200 m en o f m i x ed P o r t ug ues e a n d
“
C o un t ry bl ood
w ho s e r v ed w ith t he E uro ea n s a s ma ll d et a il o f l a s c a r s
p , ,

a nd S e po y s a cc o mp a n ie d by
, ei g h t s ix p o un de r s -

a n d t w o s ma ll h o w i tz e r s K ut w a w a s s ei z ed o n t he l 6t h
.

by a d et a c h men t un de r M a j o r E yr e C oo t e but a s e v er e ,

s to rm c o mpell ed a h a l t o n t he fo ll o w i n g d a y H ere .

C liv e rec ei v ed a le t t er fro m M eer J a ffer t he N a bo b s bux ey ,

’

o r p ri n c i pa l ofli cer o n w h o s e s upp o r t h e w a s co un t i n g

, ,

t el l in g h i m h e h a d fei g n ed a r ec o n c ili a t i o n w i t h S er a j ud -r

D o w l a h a n d h a d t a k en a n o a t h n o t t o a s s i s t t h e En g li s h
, ,

b ut a d d i n g t h a t t he p urp o rt o f h is c o n v en t i o n w i t h t h em
”
m us t be c a rri ed o ut O n t he 20t h Cli ve h ea rd fro m
.

“ a n s t h e C o mp a n y s c hief a t M urs hid a ba d t h a t M eet

f ’ ‘

, ,
70 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

h a d den o un c ed h i m t o t h e N mi s s a ri es
’
J a ffer a bo b s e as a

s py a n d t hr ea t en ed t o des t ro y t h e E n g li s h if t h ey a t t empted
to c ro s s t h e B h a g i ra t h i a nd a tt a c k t he c a pi t a l .

The me mo r a bl e C o un c il o f W a r w a s t h ereupo n ca l led

w h ic h d ec id ed a g a i n s t i mmedi a t e ac t i o n i n S pite o f the

p ro tes ts o f E yre C oo t e a n d s ix o t h er o flic ers Cliv e h ow .

,

ev e r , a l mo s t i mmedi a t ely beg a n t o d o ubt t h e w i s d om of

his d ec i s i o n w hi c h a s h e a d mi t t ed a f te rw a r ds w o uld if
, , , ,

p er s i s te d in h a v e c a us ed t h e r ui n o f th e E a s t I n d i a C o m
,
”
pa n y . At t hi s ve ry j un c t ure a reas s uri n g l ett er from
M eer J a ffer r ea c h ed h im a n d h e d et ermi n ed t o fi ght
,
He .

i s s ued hi s o rd er s a c c o rdi n g ly c ro s s ed th e ri v e r o n th e 22nd

,

J un e a n d mo v i n g fo r w a rd i n s pi t e o f a h ea v y s t o rm
, ,

r ea c h ed t he hi s t o ri c fie ld o f Pl a s s ey a t l A M o n th e 23rd . . .

H er e t h ey la y do w n t o res t in a ma n go t o p e w it hi n a m il e of -

S era j ud D o w la h s a r my w hi c h oc c upie d a n en t r en c h ed
’
- -
,

p o s i t io n i n a l o o p o f t he ri ve r Th e od d s w ere g rea t :.

fo r t o Cli v e s s ma ll fo rc e w er e o pp o s ed a n a rmy o f
’

i n fa n t ry , h o rs e a n d 53 g un s mo s t ly t h i r t y t w o . ,
-

t w en t y fo ur a n d ei g h tee n po un d er s
-
mo un t ed o n w h ee l ed ,

pl a t fo rms dra w n by o x en a n d el eph a n t s B ut t h e mo s t .

effi c i en t p o r t i o n o f t he N a bo b s fo rc e w a s a s mal l p a rt y o f
’

fo r t y o r fi ft y F ren c h men c o mm a n d ed by M St F ra i s ( o r
, . .

S i n frey a s t h e c o n t em po ra ry d oc ume n t s ha ve it) w h o

,

h a d fo r merly been o n e o f t h e C o un c il a t Ch a n de r n a g o re .

Thi s p a rt y h a d w i t h i t fo ur li gh t fi eld pi ec es Th e N a b o b .

t o o k t he o ffen s i v e a n d ma de a n en v el o p i n g a t t a c k s up
,

po r ted by a h ea v y a rti ll ery fi re B ut t he B riti s h f o rc e .

fo un d c o v er in th e ma n go Co pe a n d i n t he gro un d s o f a n
-

a dj o i n i n g h un t i n g bun g a l o w a n d a bo ut n o on th e
 ma w o nx o r c u va AN D w a rs o s . 71

en e my d rew ret urned t o c a mp h a v i n g s uffe red fa r

o ff a n d ,

mo r e h ea v ily t ha n t heir a n t a go n i s t s Cli ve held a n o the r .

c o n fe r en c e a t w h i c h it w a s r es o lved t o h old o n t o the i r

’
p o s i t i o n un til n igh t fa ll a n d t h en a tt a ck Sera j ud D o w la h s - -

c a mp . A hea v y s t o rm n o w b urs t o v er bo t h a rmi es a n d ,

th e N a bo b t hi n ki n g Cli v e s po w d e r m us t be w et c h a rged
’
, ,

t h e m a ngo t o pe but w a s d ri v en bac k w i t h s eri o us l o s s

-
, ,

h is p ri n c ipa l s uppo r t er M eer M udd un bei n g kill ed

,
Up ,
.

t o t hi s po i n t M eer J a ff er ha d no t d ec l a red h ims elf a n d ,

h i s n eph ew t he N a bob c a s t i n g h i s t urba n a t h is fee t

, , ,

ur g ed h im t o re ma i n f a i t h ful to h is o a t h He ga v e h is .

p ro m i s e but a t o n c e s en t t o Cli v e beg gi n g him t o pres s

,

h i s a t t a c k a t o n c e o r a t l a te s t by n ig h t fa ll An o th er .

t r a i t o r R a j a h D url a b h R a m bes o ug ht t h e N a bo b t o see k

, ,

s a f ety i n fl ight a n d yi eldi n g t o h is pe rs ua s i o n s Se ra j ud

,
-

D o w l a h o rde red hi s t r 0 0 p s t o re t ire i n t o t h ei r e n tren c h

me n t s a n d fl ed t o M ur s hid a ba d a c c o mp a n i ed by ,

h o rs e men Thi s d ec ided th e f a te o f t he da y but s ev ere

.
,

fi g h t i n g w a s n o t ye t o v er : fo r t he F ren c h men h eld o ut

i n a redo ubt a t a co rn er o f t h e e n t r en c h men t un til t h e
O p e n d e fec t i o n o f M ee r fl d h m l d Cl i
'
’

J a e r s e t ac en t e n a b e ve

t o p us h fo rw a r d i n fo rce Th e n a t i ve l ev i es di s p er s ed
.
,

a n d St .Fra i s de emin g it w i s er t o pres er v e his h a n df ul

,

of E uro pea n s fo r a n o t h er oc c a s i o n fell ba c k a s t he ,

c l o c k s t ruc k fi v e l ea v i n g h is g un s behi n d him

, His .

res i s t a n c e w a s t he l a s t o ppo s i t i o n o ffered t o t he E n gli s h .

The los s of
’
Cli v e s li t t le a r my w as rema rk a bly s ma ll ,

on ly sev en be i n g kill ed an d 1 3 w o un d ed a mo n g

t he E urOp ea n s : a mo n g t he s ep o y s 36 w ere kill ed a n d

t he sa me nu mber w o unded . N o t a s i n gl e o ffic e r w a s

72 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

killed ly t w o w ere w o un d ed Th e ene my s c a s ua l

a nd on .
’

t i es a mo un te d t o a bo ut a t h o us a n d i n c l udi n g ma n y O ffi c e rs
,
.

M o re t h a n 1 20 y ea rs a ft er t he even t t h e Beng a l Go v e rn ,

men t erec t ed o n t h e fi eld a s i mpl e o bel i s k w ith t h e eq ua l

l y s i mpl e a n d s i g n i fic a n t i n s c ripti o n : Pl a s s ey : erec t ed
by t he B eng al Go v ern men t in 1 883 . The fa mo us
ma n go t o p e ha s di s a pp ea red
-
, but it is on ly t en y ea r s
i
s n ce d o w n fa ll o f t he l a s t s urv i v o r o f t h e O ld
t he

t rees . S o a l s o t h e l oo p in t he ri v er w hi c h w a s t he s c e n e ,

o f S er a j ud D o w la h s en t ren c h me n t
’
- -
ha s been ea t en a w a y ,

by t h e s t rea m but t he d es ert ed riv er bed c a n s t ill be

,
-

d i s c er n ed a n d is a fa v o uri t e s n ip e g r o un d fo r S po r t s m e n
f ro m C a l c ut t a The t a n k s t ill ex i s t s f ro m w hi c h S in fre y s
'
.

c a n no n pl a y ed upon t he E n g li s h a n d t h e mo un d t h e , ,

c a p t ure o f w hi c h c a r ried t h e da y s t ill ri ses ba re a n d ,

bl ea k o v er t h e pl a i n .

Cli ve s t ri umph w a s c o mpl et e He en t ered M ur s hid a b a d

’
.

in t ri umph a n d i n s t a l led Me er J a fi er o n t h e g ud dee o f

'

B en g a l Be h a r a n d O ri s s a ; w hil e t he un h a ppy S e ra j ud
,
-

D o w l a h bei n g s ei z ed a t R a j meh a l in h is fli g h t w a s b ro ug h t ,

b a c k t o his c a pi t a l a n d a s s a s s i n a t ed by M cc rum t he s o n ,

o f Me er J a ffe r w i t h h is o w n ha n d
,
The n ew N a bo b w a s .

n o w c a ll ed upo n t o f ul fi l t h e en g a g e men t s h e h a d ma d e

w i t h h is a lli e s B ut fi rs t o f a ll i t bec a me nec es s a ry ( a s

.

C li v e p ut it ) t o
-
un d ec e i v e O mic h a n d Thi s ma n h a d .

been pl a yi ng a d ee p g a m e f ro m t h e be g i nn i ng H e w as .

w illi n g t o be t r a y Se r a j ud D o w l a h w ho s e ea r he po s s es s e d
- -
,

b ut d ema n ded t hirt y l a kh s o f r up ees a s t he pri c e o f h i s

s ec recy a n d h i s a s s i s t a n c e Cli v e ha d been un a ble t o d i s
.

en s e w i t h h is s erv i ce s fo r t h e w h o l e s uc c es s o f h i s pl a n s
p ,
74 C A LC U T l A O L D
‘ ‘

AN D N EW .

p a id : a nd a no t h er m
su of n ea rly e i ghty l a kh s w as p ro

mis ed by w a y o f c o mpen s a t o n s i fo r t he l o s s es s us t a n ed i
by t he E n g li s h , n a ti v e a n d Ar me n i a n i n h a bi t a n t s o f t h e
S et t l emen t The p erw a n n a h o f t he N a bob t o t he l a n d
.

h o ld ers a n d o fli c ia ls o f t he g ra n t ed l a n d s en ds w i t h
t h es e q ua i n t w o rd s : K n o w t h en ye Z emi n d a rs Ch o u , ,

dhry s Tal oo q da rs , M uc uddems R ec a yah s Mo rsa w rea n s

, , , ,

a n d M oo t a w et t a w a hs o f t h e C h uc kla o f t h e Hoo hly a n d

g
o t he r s s i t ua t ed in B en al t h e Terr es t ri a l P a ra di s e tha t
g y e ,

a re de p en d en t s o f t he C o m p a n y a n d th a t
y e m u s t s u
,b m i t

t o s uc h t rea t men t a s t h ey g i v e y o u w h eth e r o o d r b a d

g o , ,

”
a n d t hi s is m pr i j u t i
y ex es s n n c o n .

Ac c o rdi ng t o t rea t y , t he E n gli s h C a l c ut t a i n h a bit a n t s of

re c o v er ed fi fty the H i n d oo a n d M a ho meda n s t w en t y a n d

, ,

t he A r men i a n s s ev en l a kh s o f rupees r es ti tut i o n mo ne y “

- .
,

O n t he 6t h J uly 1 757 a y ea r a f t er t he s a c k o f C al c utt a

, , ,

t here a rri ve d fro m M ur s hid a ba d n ea rly s even ty s ix l a kh s -

o f rupees o f c o i n ed s il ve r pa c k ed in 700 c hes t s a nd l a d en

,

i n 1 00 bo a t s N ev er be fo re did t he E ng l is h n a ti o n
.

o bt a i n s uc h a ri z e i n s o li d mo n ey B e fo re a n o t h er s i x
p .

w ee k s fo rt y l a kh s mo re o f c o i n ed s il v er a rri ved i n C a l
,

c ut t a t o meet t he l o s ses s us t a i n ed by t h e C o mp a n y
, Th e .

t rea t y p er mi t t ed th e Co mp a n y t o es t a bli s h a mi n t fro m ,

w hi c h t he fi r s t co i n w a s i s s u e d o n t h e 1 9th Aug us t 1 7 57 , .

The c o i n s w er e ho w ev er s t r uc k in t he n a me o f t h e
, ,

E mp ero r o f D elhi It w a s n o t till th e re i g n o f W illi a m

.

IV , t h a t t he C o mp a n y c o mmen ced t o s tri k e rup ee s w i th

t he K i n g s h ea d a n d a n E n g li s h i n s c ripti o n
’
.

W he n Cli ve a n d W a t so n k C a lc ut t a in 1 757
re- t oo ,

s ev en mo n t h s a ft er t he s ack t h ey f o un d mos t o f the be s t

,
 T HE WOR K OF C LIV E AN D W AT S O N .

h o us e s of t h e E n g li s h d emo li s h ed d a ma ged by fi re
or .

S t An n e s a y
. l
’
i n r ui n s : b u t t h e A r m e n i a n a n d P o rt u

u e se Ch u r c h e s s ee m t o h a v e esc a pe d E v e ry t hi n
g o f
g
.

l
v a ue be o ng n l i g t o t h e i n h a b i t a n t s h a d b e e n r em o v ed .

I n t h e n a t i v e to w n ma n y h o us es la y i n rui n s
,
Th e B urr a .

B a z a r h a d bee n burn t do w n In t h e mi ddl e o f t h e Fo rt ,

.

a m o s q ue h a d been e rec t ed w ith t h e ma t eri a l o f s ev er a l

b uild i ng s w h i c h h a d been p ull ed d o w n t o m a k e r oo m
f o r it . O f th e i n h a bi t a n t s o f t he n a t i ve t o w n mo s t o f ,

w h o m h a d ti ed a t t h e a ppro a c h o f S era j ud D o w l a h a bo ut - -
,

a re s a id t o h a v e a fte rw a r ds ret urn ed The y w er e .

,

h o w ev er mo s tly o f t h e l o w er c l as s es a s t he ra p a c ity o f
, ,

M a n i o k Ch a n d w h o m S er a j ud D o w l a h h a d l eft a s Go v er
,
- -

n o r o f C a l c ut ta de t e rred s uc h a s w er e k n o w n to h a ve p ro
,

p e r t y fr o m t r u s t i n g t h e m se l v e s w i t hi n h i s r e a c h T h e .

g r ea t e r p a rt o f t h e m e r c h a n di se bel o n g i n g t o t he C o m
p a n y w hi c h w a s s t o red up in t he Fo rt w a s fo un d un
, ,

t o uc h ed fo r t hi s p a rt! o f t h e pl un d er ha d been res erve d

,

fo r t h e N a bo b.

I m medi a tely a f t er th e r ec eip t o f t he res t it ut i o n

”
mo n ey a C o mmi t te e o f t h e mo s t res p ec t a bl e i n h a bi t a n t s
,

w a s a pp o i n t ed t o di s tri b ut e i t Th ey ex ec ut ed t h e o ffic e
.

w i t h m uc h mi n ut en es s if n o t a l s o w i t h di s c r et i on a n d
,

eq ui t y C o mmerc e r ev i v ed ; t he d es t ro yed h o us es w er e
.

re buil t ; i n f a c t
-
w e ma y d a t e mod er n C a l c ut t a fr o m
,

1 75 7 .

Th e r ema i n i n g s t a ges i n t he c o n s o lid a t i o n o f B ri t i s h

r ul e in Ben ga l fo ll o w ed w i t h s t a r t li n g s w i ft n es s upo n the
h eel s o f Pl a s s ey In 1 7 58 B eh a r w a s i n v a d ed by M a h o
.

med Go h ur t he s o n o f th e E mp ero r Al a mg ir t he S ec on d ,
,
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

w ho w as ft er w a rd s as S h a h Al a m t he S ec o n d t o p ut
a

h i ms el f a n d h i s t i n s el s o v er ei g n ty un der L a k e s p ro tec ti o n ’

i n 1 803 P a t n a w a s bes i eged : a n d Cli v e ma rc he d t o i t s

.

r eli ef The te rro r o f h is n a me w a s s uffi c i en t a n d t h e

.
,

S h a h z a da s a rmy h a d en t i rely di s p ers ed befo r e h e rea c h ed

’

t he Ci t y As a rew a rd fo r t hi s s er v i c e M ee r J a ffe r g ra n t ed
.

Cli v e t h e q ui t ren t a mo un t i n g t o a bo ut 3 l a kh s o f rupe es

-

w hi c h th e C o mp a n y h a d ag r eed t o p a y fo r t he Z e m i n da ri

o f C a l c ut t a B y a s ubs eq uen t s a n a d o f t h e N a bo b d a t e d
.
,

23rd J un e 1 765 a n d a fi rma n o f t he E m p e ro r d a t ed 30t h

, , ,

S ep te mbe r o f t he s a me y ea r t hi s g r a n t w a s c o n t i n ued t o
,

Cli v e fo r t en y ea r s fro m M a y 1 6 1 764 a ft er w hi c h o r a t , , ,

t h e d ea t h o f Cli v e i f i t oc c urr ed befo re t h e ex pi ry o f t h i s

,

t e r m it w a s t o re v e r t t o t h e E n g li s h C o mp a n y a s a n un c o n
,

dit io n a l j a g i r o r a s s i g n men t a n d a p erpe t ua l g i f t

In 1 760 t h er e w a s h er i n v a s i o n o f Be h a r by t h e
a not

S h a h z a d a w h o h a d n o w a s s ume d t h e t itl e o f E m per o r o n

,

t h e a s s a s s i n a t i o n o f h i s fa t he r by G h a z i ud d in t he C o m - -
,

ma n d er in Chi ef w h o h a d p ut h im o n h is t h ro n e i n 1 754
- -
, .

B ut h e w a s de fea ted by C o l o n el C a llia ud in Febr ua ry o f

t h a t y ea r a n d a a i n b
g y M a j o r C a r n a c ea rly i n 1 7 6 1 M e e r .

J a ffer w a s d ep o s ed by V a n si t t a rt w ho w a s n o w Go v ern or ,

a t Fo r t W illi a m a n d h i s s o n i n la w M eer K a s i m p la w d
- -
, , ,

o n t he u dd i n co n s id e r a t i o n o f h i s a s s i n i n h
g ee
g g t o t e

C o mp a n y t he t hr ee di s t ri c t s o f B urd w a n Chi t t a g o ng a n d ,

M id n a po r e w hi c h yi eld ed a bo ut o n e t hi rd o f t he en t i re
,
-

rev en ue o f B enga l Pe a c e w a s c o n c l ud ed w i t h t h e E m
.

p e t o r w,
h o i n v e s t ed M ee r K a s i m w i t h t h e s o uba hd a ri a t

Pa t n a B ut di s p ut es br o k e o ut bet w een t he n ew N a bo b
.

a n d t he E n li s h r e a rdi n
g g g t h e ri g h t o f t h e C o m p a n y t o
 T HE WO R K OF C LIV E AN D W AT S O N .

r d e dut y fr ee He ca p t ured t h e E ng li s h Fa c to ry a t
t a .

P a t n a a n d it s l ea di ng o fli c ers but w a s i mmedi a t ely de ,

fea t e d a n d fled t o O udh B efo re h is d ep a rt ur e h e i s s ued

.

a n o rd e r fo r t h e murd e r o f t h e E n g li s h pri s o n er s i n h i s

ha n d s The N a bo b s o w n o ffi c e r s d ec li n ed t o do s uc h
’
.

but c h e r s w o rk but h e fo un d a re a dy i n s t r ume n t in W a l t er

’
,

R ei n h a rdt a Sw i s s reneg a d e w ho by rea s o n o f h is s w a r

, , ,

t h y c o mpl ex i o n w a s n i c k n a med S o br e
,
m — a n a pp ell a t i o n

w h i c h h is I n di a n a s s oc i a tes t ra n s fo r me d i n t o S umro o .

Th e v i c t i ms n umbered n o few e r th a n 1 50 Th ey w ere .

s urp ri s ed a t di n n er a n d fo ug h t des p e r a t ely t o t he l a s t w i t h

bo t t l es a n d pl a tes in def a ult o f t he k n i v es a n d fo rk s o f

,

w hi c h t h ey ha d been t rea c h e ro us ly d epri v ed by t h ei r i n

fa mo us ex ec uti o n er The n ew s o f t he ma s s a c re c rea t ed a

.

d eep s en s a t i on in C al c utta a n d i n a ddi t i o n t o a p ubli c,

s e r mo n o f c o mmemo r a t io n a fo r t n i g h t s gen er a l mo ur n i n g
’
,

w a s o rd er ed a n d a da y o f un i v er s a l fa s t i n g
,
M ea n w hil e .
,

j us t i c e w a s bei n g s w ift ly met ed o ut to t h e a ut h o r o f the

w ro n g . A fe w w eek s o n ly w ere s uffered t o el a p s e befo r e
P a t n a w a s s t o r med by M a j o r Ad a ms : M eer J a ffer w a s
r ei n s t a t ed a n d in 1 763 c o n fi rmed t he c es s i o n o f B urd
,

w an ,
M id n a po re a n d Chi t t a go n g
,
In t he f o ll o w i n g y ea r
.

S h uj a ud D o w l a h t he N a bo b V i z i er o f O udh w ho h a d
- -
, ,

i n v a ded O udh in t he c a us e o f M eer Ka s i m w a s c om ,

p l et e l y r o u t ed a t t h e b a ttl e o f B u x a r b y M a j o r M u n r o He .

t hr ew hi ms elf o n t he merc y o f t he E ngli s h w ho t oo k ,

All a h a ba d a n d K o ra h fro m h i m a n d h a n d ed th es e o ver t o

th e E mpero r o f D elhi rec ei v i ng in ret urn t he p erpet ua l
,

g r a n t o f t h e D e w a n n y o f B en a l
g B eh a r a n d O ri ssa ,by a ,

t r ea ty da t ed August 1 2 1 7 65 The fi rma n c o n vey ed to t he

, .

E ng li s h t h e mili ta ry go v er n men t o f t he t h r ee prov i n c es the

,
 78 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

ri gh t t o a dm i n i s t er c i v il j us t i c e a n d t he en tir e co n tro l o f
,

t h e fin a n c es s ubj ec t t o a p a y men t o f 20 l a kh s t o t he E m
,

e r r d to pr v i s i o n o f t he ex p en s es o f a d mi n i s t eri n
p o a n o g
c ri m i n a l j us ti c e a n d ma i n t a i n i n g t h e po li c e M eer J a ffer
.

h a d di ed in th e pr ec edi n g J a n ua ry a t t he a g e o f s ev en t y
,

s ix : a n d i t w a s a n ea s y m a t t e r t o o bt a i n t he c o n fi r m a t i on

o f t he I m p eri a l g i ft fr o m h is s o n a n d s uc c es s o r N a a m ud
jj -

d ow l a h w ho w a s a me re boy a n d o f t he w ea k es t po s s i bl e
,

c h a r a c te r I s h a l l n o w h a v e a s ma n y d a nc ing g i rl s a s -

I like , w a s t he c a r ele s s s a yi ng w i t h w hi c h h e ba r t ere d

a w a y fo r a n a n n ua l s t ip en d o f 53 l a kh s t h e l a s t s h red s o f

p o w e r w hi c h h i s f a t h e r l e f t h i m T h e
. t it ul a r a t t ri b ut e s o f
s o ve r eig n ty w ere p e rmit t ed t o r ema i n w ith h i m a n d a s ,

la te a s 1 7 80 w e fi n d W a rren H a s t i ng s w ri t i ng o ffi c i a ll y t o
t he N a bo b a t M ur s hid a ba d a n d rec o mmen di n g t he co n fe r

me n t o f t i t l es o f h o n our upo n s uc h a nd s uc h d es erv i n g

r t h G o v e r n o r G en e r a l n eve r bes to w s t i tl es
p e o n s a s e -
s

upo n a n y body B ut t h es e w er e ma t t ers o f t he m er es t

.

fo r m a n d a ll th e es s en ti al s o f r ul e in B en ga l w e re h en c e
,

fo rt h i n th e h a n d s o f t he C o mp a n y .

Cli ve il ed fo r E n g l a n d af te r Pl a s s ey t o r ec ei ve
ha d sa , ,

a t t h e a g e o f t hirty fo ur , fr es h ho n o urs f ro m h is a d mi ri n g
-

c o un try men He ret ur n ed t o C a l c ut t a i n M a y 1 765 a s

.
, ,

L o rd Cli ve Ba ro n o f Pl a s sey , a n d Go vern o r a n d C o m

,

ma n d er in Chi ef o f t h e C o mp a n y s po s s es s i o n s in B en g a l
- -
’
.

O n e o f hi s fi rs t a c t s w a s to o bt a i n t he t r ea t y , t o w hi c h t e
feren c e ha s j us t been ma de a n d w h ic h fo rma l ly en dow ed
,

th e E n gli s h w i t h t h e go v er n men t o f t w en t y fi v e mi l li o n s o f -

peop l e a n d th e c o n trol o f a rev en ue o f fo ur milli o n s s t erl

i ng. B ut h e ha d a l s o t o ren d er the E ng li s h in I n di a w o rt h y
 T HE WO R K OF C L IV E AN D W AT S O N .

o f t he E mpi re h e h a d w o n fo r t h em . Th e m
C o p a n y s s er ’

v a n t s w e re i n t h e h a bi t o f e ki n g o ut t h ei r s ma ll s a l a ries by

a ll ma n n er o f i n di rec t a n d illi c i t mea n s The peo pl e

.

”
un d e r t heir do mi n io n s w r o t e a n a t i v e c hro n i c le r o f t h e
,

t i m es , g r o a n e v er w h e r e
y a n d
, a r e r e d uc ed t o p o v e rt y
”
a nd di s t res s . N ea rly t he w h ole o f t h e i n l a n d t ra d e

p a s se d t h ro u g h t h e h a n d s o f t h e C o un c il a t F o rt W i lli a m
a n d t h ei r s ubo rdi n a t es : a n d n o o n e w a s s a f e fr o m t h ei r

c upidity . Th e s ums o f mo n ey t h a t w ere a ma s s ed a re

a l mos t i n c r ed i bl e It is rel a t ed
. t h a t o n e pri v a te c o m

p a n y w hi c h c o n s i s ted o f 1 0 s h a reho l de rs di v ide d a c l ea r

, ,

p r o fi t o f e l eve n l a kh s i n t w o y ea r s T.o o p po rt un i t i e s

s uc h a s t h es e w e r e a dd ed t he bo un dl es s po s s i biliti es re

v ea l ed by t he v i c t o ry a t Pl a s s ey As Cli v e hi ms elf s a id
.
,

t h ere ha d been n o li mit t o h i s o w n a c q ui s i t i o n s but h is

m o d era t i o n . O t hers w e re n o t so s c r up ul o us The t a l e

.

M eer J a fl er s
'

w ith V a ns i t t a rt a n d
’
of t ra n s a c t i o n s
S p en c er d uri n g t he y ea r 1 7 63 is o n e l o n g r ec o rd o f g reed
a n d ex to rti o n F ro m t en la kh s t he d ema n d w a s ra i s ed t o
.

fo r ty a n d n o s oo ne r w a s the d eed o f a s s ign men t o f t h e

,

fo r t y l a kh s ex ec ut ed t h a n f urt h er c o n t ri buti o n s w er e ca ll ed
fo r in a ma n n er w hi c h c o uld no t be m i s ta k en un t il a n ot he r
t hi rte en l a kh s h a d been p a id o v er d uri n g V a n s it ta rt s
’

o v e r no rs h ip a n d t en duri n g t h a t o f S p en c e r T w n t y mo r e
g e .

l a k h s o f rupees fro m t he e x h a us ted t rea s ury a t M urs hid

a ba d w ere di s t ri but ed a mo n g t h e n i n e pri n c ip a l mem bers o f

C o un c il in C a l c ut t a a s t he pri c e o f thei r a g reei ng t o s et up

th e fe eble mi n d ed N uj j um ud d o w l a h o n t he t hro n e
- - - The .

N a bo b bec a me a n o to ri o us a n d n o t t oo w ell bel o ve d a -

fi g ure in E n g li s h po liti cs a n d so c i et y His w a s t he p ur s e

.

th a t c o n t ro ll ed t he ro t t en bo ro ugh s , h is t he s en s el es s a n d
80 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

v ulg ar ex r
t a va ga n c e w hi c h f ur n i s h ed a but t fo r t he pl a y
w rig h t a n d t h e h umo uri s t N o r did t h e n a ti v es o f t he c o un
.

t ry n eg l ec t t o pr o fi t by t h e o pp o rt un i t y a n d t he ex a m pl e .

Th e Gov er n o r s d ew a n R a m C ha n d a n d N ubkis s en t he
’

, , ,

C o mp a n y s mo o n s h ee w ho en j o yed in s uc c es s i o n t h e c o m
’

p l e t e c o n fi de n c e o f Cli v e a n d o f H a s ti n g s r eal i z ed e n o r,

mo us fo r t un es in t he co urse o f t en y ea r s The fo rme r a t h i s .

de a t h in 1 76 7 l eft a f o r t un e o f 1 25 milli o n s o f r upees s a y s ,

M a ho meda n w ri t er in th e Ta ri kh i ma n s un a n d N ub
'

a - -
,

ki s s en c o uld a ffo rd t o s p en d n i ne l a kh s o n t he oc ca s i o n o f
h i s mo t h er s d ea t h a l t h o ug h i n 1 757 s uc h men h a d bee n
’

, ,

i n rec eip t o f a mo n thly s a l a ry o f s i x t y rup ees Cli v e .

mo ur n ed o v er t he ec lip s e o f hi s c o un t ry s fa me a n d ’

d ec l a red i n h o n es t s co rn t h a t t h er e w e r e n o t fi v e me n

o f pri n c i ple l ef t a t t h e P res id en c y B ut h e h a d go n e o ut

'

t o I nd i a o n c e mo r e d et er mi n ed t o d es t ro y t he s e g rea t
a n d g ro w i n g ev il s o r t o p eri s h i n t he a t t em p t
,
a n d h e s et

hi ms el f t o t h e w o rk In l es s t h a n t w o y ea rs h i s t a s k
.
,

m i g h t be s a id to h a v e been fa i rly a c c o mpli s he d W h en .

i n 1 76 7 h e s a il ed d o w n t h e H oo g hly fo r t h e l a s t t i me ,

he h a d c o mpl et ed h is a c hi ev emen t s by t h e i n t rod uc ti on

of a s e ri es o f s w eepi n g re fo r ms c a rri ed t h ro ug h i n t he
,

m ids t o f o bl o q uy a n d i n trig ue a n d o p en r es i s t a n c e Th e .

t a ki n g o f pr es en t s fr o m n a t i ve s o f t h e c o un t ry w a s fo r

bidd en un d e r s t er n p en a l t i es a n d pri v a t e t r a d e by o ffi c i a l s
,

p u t d o w n . T h e t em p t a t i on t o g ro w ri c h by s t ea l t h co uld

o n ly be r emo ve d a s C o r n w a lli s r emo v ed it

, by t he pa y ,

men t o f a n a de q ua t e s a l a ry : b ut Cli v e s t ro v e t o k eep

i t un d er co n t r o l by res ervi n g t o t h e C o mp a n y s serv a n t s
’

t he s a l t , bet el n ut a nd t o ba cc o mo n o p o ly the proc eed s

-
,

O f w h i c h ea c h w a s t o rec ei v e i n pro p o r t i o n t o h is r a n k .
 C H A P TE R V II .

C A LC U TTA A F TE R PL AS S E Y .

THE y ea r 1 757 ,
di s t i n gui s h ed by t h e v i c t o rie s o f Cli ve
a n d W a t s o n a n d t h e re es t a bli s h me n t o f B riti s h po w e r i n
-

Ben ga l w a s a l s o m a rk ed by a t erri bl e epid emi c

, I v es .
,

w h o w a s s urgeo n o n bo a rd W a t s o n s fl a g s hip t he K ent

’
,

f ur n i s h es t he fol l o w i ng i n s t ruc t i v e s t a t i s ti c s w hi c h s uffi

c ien t ly S h o w t h e t erri ble un h ea l t hi n es s o f t h e s et t l em en t

a n d he lp us t o un d e r s t a n d w hy t h e H o s pi t al w as r emo v ed

i n 1 7 68 t o it s pres en t s it e o n t he s o ut h er n edg e o f t he
M a id a n . B et w een F ebrua ry 8t h a n d Aug us t 8t h o f t h a t
y ea r he r ec ords ,
p a t i en t s rec o v ere d
o f t h es e 54 w ere fo r s c urv y 302 bili o us f ev er s a n d 56
, , ,

bili o us c o li c : 52 men buri ed B et w een 7 th A ug us t a n d

.

7 t h N o v ember 7 1 7 fr es h p a t i en t s w ere t a k en i n : o f t h es e
, ,

1 47 w er e i n p ut rid fev er s a n d 1 5 i n p ut ri d fl ux es : 1 01
w er e burie d A mo n g t he v i c t i ms w a s A d mi ra l V V a t
.

s o n h i ms elf -
w h o di ed o n t he l 6t h o f Aug us t
,
1 75 7 a n d ,

l ie s buri ed in t he o ld c h urc hy a rd a dj o i n i n g S t J o h n s .
’

w h ere h is m o n umen t m a y s t ill be see n W i t hi n ei g h t

.

mo n t h s h e h a d d eli ve red C a l c ut t a c a p t ured t h e s t ro n g

,

h o ld s o f t h e F ren c h a n d t h e c o un t ry p o w ers hig h e r up

t he ri v e r a n d t ur n ed t h e g r ea t s ea en t r a n c e t o B en
-
l
, g a

o n c e a n d fo r e v er i n to a B ri t i s h h i g h w a y A n d h e ha d d O n e
.

mo re ev en t h a n th i s F o r by v i rt ue o f h is
. Ki n g s 0 0 m ’

mi s s i o n i t w a s h e a n d n o t Cl i v e w h o w a s i n c o mm a n d
, ,

o f t he r eli ev i n g ex p edi t i o n a nd ,like O utr a m a h un d re d

,
 CA C L U TTA A FTE R P L AS S EY . 83

y ea r s l a te r , pro v ed his p a tri o ti s m by w a i v i n g h i s ri ght s

he ,

a n d so a v e rt ed a d ea dl oc k be tw een t h e s ea a n d t h e l a n d

fo rc es . Ex eg i t m on umen tum a ere eren n ius :

p but how
ma n y E ng li s h men , w ho v i s it h is t o mb i n C a l c ut t a or p a s s
by t he memo ri a l erec t ed i n h i s h o n o ur i n W es t mi n s t er
A bbey r ea l i z e w h a t a d ebt t hey o w e t o h i m ?
,

I n 1 762 th er epid emi c r a v a ged C a l c ut t a a n d i s s a id

a no

t o h a v e s w ept a w a y bl a c k s a n d 800 E ur o

T h r w a t a t h r ri e v o us fa m i n e a n d p es t i
p ea n s . e e s ye n o e g
len c e in B en g al i n 1 7 70 w hi c h c a rri ed o ff a c co rdi ng t o ,
’
H i c k ey s G a z et te n o les s t ha n , so u l s i n t h e t ow n
o f C a l c ut t a bet w een t h e 1 5t h J uly a n d t he l ot h S ep t em
,

be r . I t w a s o f th i s t erri bl e yea r t h a t M a c a ul a y w ro te
th a t t he v ery s t r eet s o f C a l c ut t a w er e bl oc k ed by t h e
”
d y i n g a n d t he d ea d : a n d t he mo r t a l i t y a mo ng E ur o

p ea n s a l o n e w a s r e t u r n ed a t S m a ll w o n d er t h e r e ,

fo re w a s it t h a t s a il o r s o f t h e da y by a n o dd di s t o rt i on
, ,

o f t h e n a me o f G h o lg h a t t he o ld E n gli s h f a c t o ry h o use a t
,
-

Ho og hly s po k e o f Ch a r no c k s c i t y a s a n o t h er Go lgo th a
’
.
,

S uc h g ro t es q ue p e rv ers i o n s w ere c o mmo n en o ug h : a n d

pe rh a p s t he p a l m ma y be g i v en t o J n o G ern a et e w hi c h .
,

a p pea r s i n a ma n us c ript o f 1 680 a s a s ubs ti t ut e f o r J ugge r

na t h .B ut in t he c a s e o f C a l c ut t a t h e s i n i s t er c o rrup t i on
ha d a f o un d a t i o n i n f a c t a s s o lid a s it w a s tra g i c Th e .

ra i n s w e re t he dea dly t i me i n C a l c ut t a p a rti c ul a rly fo r ,

t he n ew a rri v al s The c rew s o f s hip s i n t he ri v er di ed

.

i n a pp a l li n g n umber s f ro m
“
ex p o s ur e t o t he n i g h t

fogs w hil e t h o s e o n l a n d fa red li t t l e bet t e r Th e fa c t .

w as ,
t h a t C a l c ut t a w a s n o thi n g m o r e o r l es s t h a n a n

undra i n ed s w a mp i n t he i mmedi a t e v i c i n i t y o f a ma l a ri o us
,
84 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

j un g l e . Th e M a hra t t a i mply a n open

D itc h w as s

se w er ,
a n d t h e ri v er ba n k s w ere s t r ew n w i t h t h e d ea d
-

bo di es o f men a n d a n i ma l s Th e di t c h t o t h e ea s t o f
.

t he o ld fo rt i n t o w hi c h t h e bo di es O f t h e v i c ti ms o f t he
,

B l a c k H o l e h a d been fl un g w a s n o l es s a c a us e o f o fl e n c e
,

it w a s t h e rec ep t a c le fo r a ll ma n ne r o f a bo mi n a t i o n , a n d
a l t h o ug h i t w a s i n t he v ery c en t r e o f t h e s ettl e men t .

it w a s n o t fi ll ed up un t il 1 766 D oc t o rs w ere few a n d.

"
ba dly p a id F ev er a n d a g ue
. ba r be r s a di s ea s e
, ,

c o mmo n t o t h e l o w er c l as s o f E uro p ea n s bili o us o r ,

p ut rid fl ux es ex a c t ed ev ery y ea r a h ea v y c o n t ri but i o n fo r

,

t h e buryi n g g ro un d -
.

So i n s ec ur e w as r lif e t h a t t h e E uro p ea n
t h e t en u e o f

i n h a bi t a n t s o f C a l c ut t a w ere l o ng a c c us t o med t o meet ea c h

y ea r o n t h e 1 5th N o v ember a n d t o c o ng ra t ul a t e t he m,

s el v es o n t h ei r es c a pe fr o m t h e p e ril s o f t h e ra i n s a n d t h e

efll uv ia fr o m t h e p es til en ti a l S a l t La ke s The c r o w d ed .

c h a r n el h o us e i n t h e h ea r t o f t h e c i t y g a v e w a rly
y a s ea
-

a s 1 7 6 7 t o a n ew c emet ery a t t h e ea s t e r n ex t remi t y o f

P a rk S t reet w hi c h a pp ea r s i n U pj o h n s ma p o f 1 793 un d er
,
’

t h e mel a n c h o ly n a me o f B uryi n g G ro un d R o a d D ow n .

i t w o uld fi le ma n y a s a d c o mp a n y o f mo ur n ers fro m A p ri l

t o O c t o ber . Th e d ep a rt ed o n e o f w h a t ev er r a n k we ,

”
r ea d in H a rt l ey H o us e a li vely c o ll ec t i o n o f c o n tem
,

l rri d m h ld r ( lik
’

p o ra ry et t e rs i s
, c a e o n e n s s o u e s e y o ur

w a lki n g f un er a l s i n E n g l a n d ) a n d a pr oc es s io n o f gen t l e

men eq ua lly n umero us a n d r es pec ta bl e fro m t he gen tee l

”
c o n n ex i o n s ,
fo ll o w i n g So fr eq uen t w a s t he s pec ta c l e
.

th a t s p ec i a l prec a uti o n s w ere ta k en n o t t o h a rr ow t h e

f eeli ng s o f t h e fa i r s ex All f un er a l p roc es s i on s a re c o n
.
86 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

B o y t a c on n a h R o a d , bo r n e i n U pj o h n
’
s ma p of 1 793 by
t he Circ ul a r R oa d w hi c h ra n a l o n gs ide t h e D it c h is re ,

ferr ed by ma n y t o t h e pres en c e o f t h es e ba i ta kkh qn a s or ,

g a rd e n
- h o us es r
, a t h e r t h a n t o t h e hi s t o ri c t ree a t t he

S ea ld a h en d o f t h e ro a d a n d a v en ue l ea di n g t o t h e ea s t
”
w a rd . Tw o a t l ea s t o f t h es e g a rd en s prese rv ed memo
ri es o f t he t i me s o f s t o r m a n d s tres s t hro ugh w hi c h t he
c ity h a d j u s t p a s s ed All us i o n h a s a lr ea dy be en ma d e t o
.

t h e g a rde n a t Ha ls iba g a n o n t he n o rth e a s t w hi c h w a s -

,

t h e pr o p er t y o f O mic h a n d w h o a ma s s ed mo re t h a n a
,

c ro r e o f r u ees o ut o f t h e C o mp a n y s c o n tr a c t s fo r t he
’

p
pl a c i n g o f t he i r i n v es t men t s a n d w ho w a s c e rt a i n ly i n a
,
‘

p o s i t io n to s t ipul a t e fo r t he rew a rd o f t hi rt y l a kh s fo r be
t r a yi n g S er a j ud D o w l a h o ut o f w h i c h Cli v e t ri c ked h i m
- -
, .

To t hi s g a rd en ho us e -
t h en t h e h ea d q ua rt er s o f t he
,

N a bo b s a rmy w ere bro ug ht H o l w ell a n d his fell o w c a p

’
- -
,

f i v es o n t he da y a f t er t h e t erri ble s c en e i n t h e B l a c k H o l e ,

a n d l ef t a ll n i g h t i n a t hr ee fo o t t en t -
e x p o s ed t o t o r re n t s
,

o f t ro pi c a l r a i n The c o n n ec t i o n o f t he s ec o n d w i th t h e
.

Tr o ubl es w a s p erp et ua ted s t ill mo r e di r ec tly Ha ti .

ba g a n w hi c h m us t be s o ugh t f ur t h er s o ut h i n E n t a l l y
, ,

w a s t h e pl a c e w h er e t he N a bo b s el eph a n t s w er e k e t
’
p
d uri n g t h e s i ege : a n d i t s n a me h a s s urv i ved! un t il t o d a y - .

Of C a l c ut t a a t t he peri od a t w h i c h w e a re n o w a rri v ed
t h a t w hi c h s uc c ee d ed t he d ep a rt ure o f L o rd Cli v e in 1 7 6 7

a g r a phi c d es c rip t i o n is f o un d i n t he L et t er s o f M rs .

Ki n d er s l ey
I hi n k I h a v e n ev er g i ven y o u a n y a c c o un t o f t h e
t
”
t o w n o f C a l c ut t a s h e w ri t es i n J un e
,
1 7 68 i n de ed a fter
, , ,

M a dra s it does n o t a ppea r muc h w o r t hy d es c ri bi n g ; f o r

,
 C AL c U T TA AFTE R p L A S SEv . 87

l h o ug h it
a t l a rge w ith a g rea t ma n y goo d h ous es in it
is , ,

i t i s a s a w kw a rd a pl a c e a s c a n be c o n cei v ed ; a n d s o i rre

g u la r t h a t i t l oo k s a s i f a ll t h e h o us es h a d bee n t hr o w n

up i n t h e a i r a n d fa ll en do w n a ga i n by a c c id en t a s the y
“

n ow s ta n d . Peo pl e k eep c o n s t a n t ly buildi n g ; a n d ev ery

o n e w ho c a n proc ur e a i o f g r o un d t o build a h o us e
“

p ec e

upo n c o n s ul t s h is o w n t a s t e a n d c o n v en i en c e w ith o ut a n y
,

reg a rd to t h e bea uty o r r egul a ri t y O f the t ow n Be s id es . ,

t h e a pp ea r a n c e of t he bes t h o us es is S p o il ed by th e l it t l e

s t r a w h ut s a n d s uc h so rt o f i n c umb r a n c es w hi c h a re built
, ,

up by t he s erv a n t s fo r t he ms el v es to s l eep i n : s o t h a t a ll
t h e E n g li s h p a rt o f t he t o w n w hi c h i s t he l a rg es t
,
is a ,

c o n f us i o n o f v ery s up er b a n d v ery s h oddy h o us es d ea d ,

w a ll s , s t ra w h ut s w a r eho us es
,
a n d I k n ow n o t w h a t
,
.

Th e mo s t treet is t he B a z a r t he n a me t h ey
li k e a s ,

c a ll ev ery pl a c e by w he re a n y th i n g i s t o be s o l d : t he

B a z a r i s ful l o f li t t l e s h a bby l oo ki n g S h o p s c a ll ed B o uti

-
,

q u e s : t h ey a re k e p t b y bl a c k p p
eo l e .

Th e E ng li s h dom v i s i t t h es e pl a c es t h ems el v es but

s el ,

d ep en d o n t h e i r B a n i a n s a n d o t h er s er va n t s fo r t h e p ur ,

c ha s e o f ev e ry t hi n g i n d eed i f t hey do it is muc h t h e s a me

, ,

f o r a t a ll ev e n t s th ey a re s ure to be c h ea t ed .

A bo ut t h e mi ddl e o f t he t o w n ,
ri v er s ed ge t he
’
on ,

s t a n ds t h e o ld fo r t memo r a bl e fo r t he c a t a s t ro ph e o f t h e
,

B l ac k H o l e s o muc h t al ked o f in E n gl a n d
, I t w a s in o n e .

o f t h e a p a r t men t s i n i t t h a t t h e w re t c h ed s uffer ers w er e

c o n fi n ed . The fo rt is n o w ma de a v ery di ffer en t us e of ;

t h e o n ly a po l o g y fo r a c h urc h i s i n s o me o f t h e r oo ms
in i t w h ere di v i n e s erv i ce is s o meti mes p erfo r med
, .

In a di s t i n c t pa rt of th e t ow n res id e t he Ar men i a n s ;
88 CA L C U TT A O LD AN D N EW.

a nd t he peopl e c a ll ed t he P o r t ug ue s e E a c h o f t h es e h a v e .

t he i r o w n c h urc h es ; a n d t he P o rt ug ues e k eep up t h e p ro

c es s i o n s a n d p a g ea n t ry o f t h e R o m i s h Ch urc h a s fa r a s ,

t hey a re p er m i tt ed but a re o bli g ed t o p erfo rm i t a l l w i t h i n

t h ei r o w n w al l s Th e c hi ef c o n n ec t i o n w e h a v e w i t h th es e
.

peo pl e i s em pl o yi ng s o me o f t he w o men a s s erva n ts o r t he

, ,

men a s w ri t er s o r s o me t i mes c oo k s
, .

H er e is n ot , a s a t M a d ra s , a bl a c k t o w n n ea r fo r t he

s erv a n t s res id e i n ; t h ere fo re C a l c ut t a is p a rt ly en v i r o n ed

to

by t h eir h a bi t a t i on s w hi c h m a k es t he ro a d s ra t he r un
,

pl ea s a n t ; fo r t he h ut s t h ey l i ve i n w hi c h a re buil t o f mud ,

a n d s t ra w a re s o lo w t h a t t h ey ca n s ca rc ely s t a n d upri h t
,
g
i n t h em ; a n d h a vi n g n o c h i mn ies t h e s mo k e o f t h e fi re s
, ,

w i t h w hi c h t he y dr es s t h ei r v i c t ua l s co mes a l l o ut a t

t he d o o r s a n d i s p e rh a p s mo r e di s a r eea bl e t o t h e p a s s en
, g
g e r t h en t o t h em s e l v es .

Th e n ewfo r t a n immen c e pl a c e is o n t h e ri v er s i d e
, ,

a bo ut a m il e be l o w t h e t o w n I f a ll t he buildi n gs w hic h
.
,

a re i n t en d ed w i t hi n i t s w a ll s a re fi n i s h ed i t w ill be a t ow n ,

w i t hi n i t s elf ; fo r bes id es h o us es fo r t h e eng i n eer s a n d

o th er o fli c ers w h o r es id e a t C a l c ut t a t h er e a re a p a rt men t s
,

fo r t he C o mp a n y s w ri t er s ; ba rra c k s fo r s o ldi er s m a g a
’
,

z i n es fo r s t o re s et c , .

Th e To w n o f C a l c ut t a i s l ik ew i s e d a ily i nc r ea s i n g i n
s i z e no t w i t h s t a n d i n g w hi c h
,
t h e E n g li s h i n h a bit a n t s m ul
,

i
t p y l s o f a s t t h a t
,
h o us es a r e e x t r em ely s c a r c e P a p e r o r .

w a i n s c o t a re i mpro p er bo t h o n a c c o un t o f t h e h ea t t h e
, ,

v er m i n a n d t h e d i fli c ul t y o f g et t i n g it d o n e ; t he r oo ms a re

the refo r e a ll w hi t ed w a ll s but pl a s t ered i n pa n n el s w h ic h

, ,

h a s a pr et t y eff ec t a n d a re g ene ra lly o r n a men t ed w i t h

,

pri n t s l oo ki ng g l a s s es o r w h a t ev er el s e c a n be pr oc ured
,
-
,
90 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

is aro a d t he l eng t h o f a c ors e o r t w o mi le s ) in a so rt o f

ri n g o r ra th er a ng l e ma d e o n p urpo s e t o t a ke t he a i r in
w hi c h t he c o mp a n y fr eq uen t in t h ei r c a rri a g es a bo ut s un

s et o r i n t he mo r n i n be fo r t h un is up
, g e e s .

The n ew W illi a m of w hi c h M rs K i n d er s l ey S pea ks

Fo rt ,
.

”
as an i m men c e pl a ce w a s c o mmen c ed i n 1 758 upo n
,

li nes t r a c ed by Cli v e a n d c o mpl et ed a bo ut 1 77 3 The .

s i t e c h o s en w a s o n t he ri ve r ba n k but c o n s id era bly s o ut h

-
,

o f i t s pre d ec es s o r a n d i n t he c en t r e o f w h a t w a s t h e n t h e

p o p ul o us fl o uri s hi ng v ill a ge o f Go v in dpo re A po rt i o n o f .

t he re s t i t ut i o n mo n ey
- w a s S p en t i n c o mp ens a t i ng t h e

i n h a bi t a n t s w ho w ere g i v en l a n d s in o t h er p a rt s o f t h e
,

to w n ,
n o t a bly To l t o l la h K uma rt oo ly a n d S o bh a b a za r
,
.

In t h e l a s t n a med q ua r t er a l a rg e g r an t w a s m a d e t o
N ubk is s en ,
Cli v e s M un s hee a n d i t beg a n a t o n c e t o
’

ri s e r a pidly in buildi n gs a n d p o p ul a t i o n I n Gov in dp o re

.

i ts elf g r ea t i m p ro v emen t s a l s o w ere e ff ec t ed The t ig e r .

h a un ted j ung l e w hi c h c ut o ff t h e v ill a ge o f C ho w ri ng h ee

f r o m t h e ri v e r w a s c le a r ed a n d g a v e w a y t o t he w id e
.

r a s s y s t r et c h o f M a i da n o f w hi c h C a l c ut t a i s s o pr o ud
g .

The fo r ma t i o n o f thi s a i ry ex p a n s e a n d t he fi lli n g up o f t h e

c ree k ,
w hi c h h a d c ut o ff t h e s et t l e men t o n t h e s o ut h led ,

t he E uro p ea n i n h a bi t a n t s t o g r a d ua lly f o r s a k e t he n a rro w

li mi t s o f t he o ld p a li s a d es Th e mo vemen t t o w a r ds Ch o w
.

ri n g hee h a d a l r ea dy been n o t i c ea bl e a s ea rly a s 1 7 46 fo r ,

w e fi n d H o l w ell r efe rri n g t o t he l o c a l i t y a s t h e roa d l ea d

i n g t o C o llego t ( K a l ig h a t ) : but i t w a s v e ry s l o w a n d
d eli bera t e The n ew c eme te ry w a s c o n s id e red s uc h a dis
.

t a n ce fro m t he s et t l emen t t h a t t h e C o un c il i n 1 768 g r a n t ed

t h e c h a pl a i n a s pec i a l a ll o w a n c e fo r p a l kee bea re r s S ir -

.

E l ij a h I mpey s h ous e ( it i s t r ue) s t o o d up o n t h e S i t e n o w

’
 L
C A C U TT A A FT E R P LAS S E Y . 91

oc c u pi ed by th e Lo ret t o C o n v en t at t he en d o f M iddl e
to n R ow , a n d w a s s urro un d ed by ten s i v e d eer pa rk
a n ex -

l y i ng bet w een t h o ug h n o t q ui t e up t o C a ma c S tr eet o n

, ,

B ut W oo d s
’
t h e o n e s ide a n d R us s ell S t reet o n t he o t h er .

m a p o f 1 784 s h o w s t he g o l ta la o o r ro un d t a n k s till i n ex
-

i s t e n ce w h ere th e C a t h o li c Ch urc h d ed i c a t ed t o S t Th o ma s .

now s ta nds . The pres en t M iddl et o n R o w w a s a l ea fy

a v e n ue w hi c h r
led t h o ug t h h e P a rk t o t h e m a n s i o n fr o m
Bu ry i r
n g g o un
- d r oa d A n
. d Si r E lij a h w a s l oo k e d u p o n a s

li v i n g q ui t e o ut s ide t he t o w n P a lk ee bea r ers in h i s da y

.

st il l h
c a ger d d o u bl e f a r e s fo r g o i n g s o f a r a fi e ld : a n d

s e rv a n t s r t
e u r n i n g h o m e o f a n e v e n i n g w o u ld fo r m l a rg e

p a rt i es “
l ea v i ng t h e i r goo d c l o t h es behi n d fo r fea r o f
t h e r a sc a lly c h a r a c t er s w ho i n fes t ed t h e M a id a n W h en .

G ra n dpre v i s it ed C a l c ut t a in 1 789 Ta n k S q ua re w a s s t il l ,
”
t h e c e n t re o f f a s hi o n . As w e en t er t he t o w n h e w ri t es
, ,

a v e ry ex t e n s i v e S q ua re o pe n s be fo r e us w i t h a l a r ge
,

pi ec e o f w a t e r in t he middl e fo r t he publi c us e Th e po n d .

h a s a g r a s s pl o t ro un d i t a n d t h e w ho l e is en c l os ed by
,

a w a ll br ea s t hi g h w i t h a r a ili n g o n t h e t O p
-
,
The s id es
.

o f t hi s en c l o s ur e a re ea c h n ea rly fi v e h un d re d y a rd s in
len g t h . The s q ua re it s el f is c o m po s ed o f ma g n i fi c en t
h o us es w hi c h rende r C a l c ut t a n o t o n ly t he h a n d s o mes t
,

t o w n i n As i a but o n e o f t he fi n es t i n t he w o rld
, O n e s id e
.

o f t he s q ua re c o n s i s t s o f a r a n e o f buildi n s oc c upi ed by
g g
p e r s o n s i n c i v i l e m pl o y m e n t s u n d er t h e C o m p a n y s u c h a s ,

w ri t e r s i n t he p ubli c o ffi c es P a rt o f t he s id e t o w a rd s t he
.

ri v e r i s t a ke n u b t h ld f r t w hi h w t h fi r t i t d l
p y e o o ,c a s e s c .a e

bui l t by t he E ng li s h a ft er t h ei r es t a bli s h men t i n B en ga l .

T he o ld C o un c il H o us e ,
w h ere S t a n la ke B a t s o n st r uc k
92 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

H a s t i n gs i n t he fa c e i n 1 76 3 , w a s i n pr o x i mi t y t o
l
c ose

W h en it w a s p urc h a s ed fo r t he C o m p a n y s
’

t h e O ld F o rt .

us e i n 1 7 5 8 ,i t w a s t h e d w e lli n g h o u s e o f
-
R i c h a rd C o ur t ,

w ho a fte r s ur v i v i n g t he B l a c k H o l e a n d t h e a dd e d h o rr o rs

o f t h e j o u r n e y i n c h a i n s t o M oo rs h ed a b a d h a d b ee n ,

drow n ed i n t he H o og hly t h a t y ea r The re is n o h o us e w i t h .

C o ur t s n a me i n W ill s ma p o f 1 753 : but it s s i t ua t i o n c a n

’ ’

be g ues s ed fo r t h e C o un c il di s c a rd ed i t i n 1 7 64 a s be i ng
,

“
fro m it s v i c i n i t y t o t he p ubli c o fli c e v ery ill c a l c ul a t ed -

fo r c o n d uc t i n g t h e bus i n es s o f t h e B o a rd w i t h t h a t pri v a c y
w hi c h i s o f t en r eq ui s i t e I t s s uc c es s o r w h i c h w a s n o t
9 ,
.

p ull ed d o w n un t il 1 800 s t o od o n t he w es t er n po r t i o n o f t h e
,

mo d er n Go v er n men t H o us e c o mpo un d w h en c e t he n a me o f ,

t h e s t r eet t h a t ra n p a s t i t H a s t i ng s s ec o n d w i fe t he
’
.
,

bea ut if ul M rs I mho ff .
,h eld h er s a lo n i n a h o us e i n t he
s tr eet w hi c h a l r ea dy bea r s h i s n a me i n W o o d s m a of
’

p
1 784 . F r a n c i s w h en i n t o w n li v ed in t he h ous e i n Cli ve
, ,

S t r eet w h e re t h e R o y a l E x c h a n ge n o w s t a n ds a n d w h ere ,

Cli v e h a d d w el t befo r e h im ; Cl a v e ri n g a n d M o n s o n in
M i s s i o n R o w — o n e a n d a ll i n t h e h ea rt o f t he bus i n es s
q ua r t er o f t o da y The h o us e oc c upi ed by S i r E yre C oo t e
-
.
,

w hil e M embe r o f C o un c il fro m 1 77 9 t o 1 7 83 i s n o w i n c l ud ,

ed in t h e Tr ea s ury B uildi n g s M r J us t i c e Hyd e res id ed

. .

o n t h e s i t e o f t he mo d er n To w n H a ll Le M a i s t re h is
.
,

c o ll ea g ue h a d a h o us e up o n t h e s p o t w h er e t h e F r ee Sc h oo l
,

n o w s t a n d s i n t h e S t r eet o f t h a t n a me N un c o ma r s pl a c e
’
.

o f i mpri s o n men t w a s t he c o un t ry j a il w hi c h is r ep t e
,

s en t ed t o da y by t h e Pr es id en c y J a il up o n t h e M a id a n
-
B ut .

t h e j a il i n w hi c h Hi c k ey w a s c o n fi n ed w a s i n L a ll B a z a r ,

O ppo s i t e t he mo d er n P o li c e Offi c e A n d a t t h e c ro s s ro a d s
.
-
,

w h e r e L a ll B a z a r a n d B o w B a z a r met t h e pil g ri m p a t h t o
94 C A L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

M rs Ki n d er s l ey di s mi s s es t hi s
. a po l og y fo r a c h ur c h
w i t h t h e ba r es t po s s i bl e n o t i c e i n It meet s w i t h no

mo r e c o mpl i men t a ry t r ea t men t fro m S o phi a Go l dbo rn e ,

w ho s et s d o w n h er i mp re s s i on s o f C al c ut t a s o me fi f t een

y ea r s l a t er in H a r tl ey H o us e . Th e ed i fi c e w e a re t o l d , ,

di gn i fied a t pres en t w i t h th e a ppell a ti o n o f c h urc h ,

”
d oes n ot d es erve n o ti c e . B ut i f w e a re t o c redi t h er
,

pr a t tl e t h ere w ere few bet t er meth o d s o f o bt a i n i n g a p ic

,

t ur e o f t he An g l o I n di a n S oc i et y o f t he t i me th a n by p a y
-

i ng a v i s i t t o t he Ch a p el o f S t J oh n in t he O ld F o rt
. I .

”
h a v e been t o c h urc h my d ea r g irl i n my
“
,
s he w ri t es
, ,

n ew p a l a n q ui n ( t he mo de o f g en t eel c o n v ey a n c e) w h er e a ll

l a di es a re a ppro a c h e
,
d by s a n c t i o n o f a n c i en t c us t o m
, ,

by a ll g en t l emen i n di s c ri mi n a t ely kn o w n o r un k n o w n w ith

, ,

ff
o e s r o f h
t e i r h a nd » t o c o n d uct t h em t o t h ei r s ea t : a c c o rd

i n gly th o s e g en t l emen w ho w i s h t o ch a n g e t h eir c o n di t i o n

, ,

e t w een o ur s el ve s a re m os t ly o ld fe ll o w s
( w hi c h b f o r t h e ,

y o un g o n es ei t h er c h us e c o un t ry bo r n la di es fo r w e a l t h
-
,

o r h a v i n g l ef t t hei r h ea r t s behi n d t h em en ri c h t he ms el v es
,

in o rd er t o be un i t ed t o t h eir f a v o uri t e d ul c i ne a s i n th e i r
n a t i ve l a nd
) n h ea ri n hip r i l m k p i
’
o g o f a s s a r v a a e a ,o n t

o f r ep a iri n g t o t hi s h o ly d o me a n d ea erly t en d er t h e i r
g
s e r v i c es t o t h e f a ir s t r a n g er s w h o if t hi s s t o l en v i ew h a
, p
p en s t o c a pt i v a te o f t en w i t h o ut un d ergo i n g t he c eremo n y
,

o f a f o r ma l i n t ro d uc t i o n , rec ei v e ma t ri mo n i a l o v er t ures

a nd , bec o mi n g brides i n t h e ut mo s t p os s i bl e s ple n d o ur ,

h a ve t he ir r a n k i n s t a n t a n eo us ly es t a bli s h ed a n d a re v i s i t
,

ed a n d p a id ev ery h o n o ur t o w hi c h t he co n s eq uen c e o f
”
t h ei r h us ba n d en t i t l es t h em . N o r w a s t he C a lc ut t a
C oel ebs i n s ea rc h o f a w ife l es s i mpo rt un a t e o n w eek d a y s -
.

”
Y o u a re li a bl e , s he d ec l a r es el s ew h er e t o be p l un
,
 L
C A C U TTA A FT E R P L AS S EY .

d er ed of
y our c o n s en t a n y ev en i n g o f y o ur life a n d w i th o ut
t i m e t o c o ll ec t y o urs elf muc h l es s t o r etra c t by t h e P a d ra s
’

bei ng o n e o f t he c o mpa n y ma y be i nd uc ed t o g i ve hi m
a c l a i m t o tw en ty go ld mo h urs befo r e he t a kes h i s l ea v e :

a n d s o bei n g ma rri ed i n h a s t e l ef t t o r epe n t a t l ei s ure

, .

\V e ma y
ppl emen t t he go s s ip o f thi s v i v a c i o us y o un g
su

l a d y w it h a few j o t t i ngs fro m c o n t empo ra ry o fli c ia l t e

c o rd s . And i n a s muc h a s a rea dy tr a n s iti o n o ffers f ro m
,

h o us ew i v es i n po s s e t o h o us eh o ld s i n es s e a beg i n n i ng ,

m a y be ma d e w i t h the s erv a n t q ue s t i o n— t h a t s ubj ec t o f

n ev er fa ili n i n t er es t t o t h e mems a hi b I 1 7 59 i
g n n c o n
-
.
,

s eq uen c e o f t h e i n s o l en c e a nd ex o r bita n t w a ges ex a c ted

”
by t he men i a l s erv a n t s o f t he S et t l emen t i t w a s o rd ered
,

a t a meeti ng o f t he Q uo r um o f Z emi n d a rs
“
t h a t a reg ul a r

m o n thly sca l e o f w ag es s ho uld be fi x ed a n d o bs er ved .

S o me o f t he n a mes i n t he li s t a re s tra n gely un fa mili a r

a n d ma n y h a v e n o t ev en s urv i v ed C h o bda rs n o l o n ger
.

c a rry s il v er s t i c k s befo re us : s on t a ba rda rs a n d hurka rus

a re c o n t en t n o w a d a y s w ith t he d es i g n a ti o n o f p eo n ; a nd t he

a bd a r o r w a t er c oo l e r
,
ha s been el bo w ed o ut o f ex i s ten c e
,

by t he C a l c ut ta Ic e As s oc i a ti o n Go n e , t oo a re t he ho o ka h
.
,

a n d t he h o o ka h burda r o n c e t h e i n s epa r a bl e c o mp a n i o n s
-
,

o f ev e ry di n n er p a r t y in Ca l c ut t a
- M r a n d M rs \V a rreu
. . .

H a s t i ng s i n v i t i n g t hei r frie nds in O c t o ber 1 779 t o a c o n

, , ,

”
c ert a n d s upper a t M rs H a s t i n gs h o use in Tow n
.
’
beg ,

th a t n o s erv a n t s be br o ug h t e x cep t a h o uc c a ba rda r .

B y 1 784 h o w eve r h o o ka h s w o uld s eem t o h a ve been

, ,

ba n i s h ed fro m C a l c ut t a ba ll r oo ms , fo r t h e a d verti s emen t s

-

reg a rdi ng s uc h f es t i v i ti es gen er a lly i n ti ma t e t h a t no

”
ho o ka hs w i ll be a d mi t t ed ups t a i rs S till t he h a bi t di ed
.
,
96 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

h a rd . E ig hty y ea r s hi ng w a s mo r e o rdi n a ry t h a n
a go , n o t

fo r t h e hoo ka h t o be i n t ro d uc ed w i t h t he d es s er t . B eh i n d
ea c h di n er w o uld s t a n d h is h oo k a h w ith i t s r es p ec t i v e h oo
,

ka h burda r feedi n g t he c hi llum a n d k eepi n g up t h e red fi re

-

o f t he o l A h k h r u t i t u t d f t h r t
g a . o o a g c o n s e o n e o e c a p e

w o rk f a n c i es o f t h e y o un
g l a di e s o f t h e d a y ; a n d s o m e

t i me s t hey t oo k a t urn a t t he h ubbl e bub ble t he ms el ves -

.

”
Th e r a g e fo r s mo ki n g w r o t e G r a n dpre i n 1 789
, ,
ex

t en d s ev en t o t he l a di es ; a n d t he h i gh es t co mpli me n t th ey

ca n a
p y a m a n i s t o g i v e h i m pr e f e r e n c e b y s m o ki n g h i s

h o o ka h I n t hi s c a s e it is a po i n t o f p o l i t en es s t o t a k e O ff
.

t h e mo ut hpi ec e he i s us i n g a n d s ubs ti t ut e a fres h o n e

, ,

w hi c h h e pr es en t s t o t h e l a dy w i t h h is h o o ka h w h o soo n ,

ret ur n s i t The c o mpli men t is n o t a l w a y s a t ri v i a l i m

.

po r t a n c e ; it s o met i mes s i g n i fi es a gre a t d ea l t o a fri en d ,

a n d o f t en s t ill mo r e t o a h us ba n d . W e do n o t kn o w h o w
l o n g t h ese t en d er a s s oc i a t i on s ma y h a v e c l un g a ro und t h e
o o f a n d t he c h i llum C r t i i t i t h t i t w a s n o t un t i l
g e . a n s a

1 840 t h a t t h e pr a c t i c e o f h o o ka h s mo ki n b E u r
g y o p ea n s
-

bega n t o f a ll i n t o di s us e : a n d ev en i n t h e s ev en t i es it s ti ll
h a d it s v o t a ri es

A l o n g w i t h t h eir fell o w s h a v e a l s o di s a p pea r ed t he c o m

pr a d o r w ho bo ug h t t h e t a bl e s uppl i es a n d t he c rut ch
,
-
,

p ur d a r w,
h o r eli ev ed h is m a s t e r o f t he t r o ubl e o f m a k i n g
a c t ua l p a y me n t s Th ese t w o i n di v id ua l s w er e c lea rly be
.

l ievers in hidi n g t h ei r li g h t un d e r a bus h el fo r t h ey figure ,

lo w i n th e Z emi n d a r s l i s t w he r e t he ir pa y i s s t a t ed to be
’
,

o n ly t h r ee a n d fo ur r u ees a mo n t h r es p ec t i v ely B ut l i k e
p .
,

t he s erv a n t s o f J o h n C o mp a n y B a h a d ur t h ey ma de up ,

w i t h t he l ef t h a n d fo r t h e d efi c i en c i es o f t he ri g ht O t h ers .
98 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW.

in w a g es w o uld ppe
not a a r h o w ev er t o h a v e bee n a ec o m
, ,

p a n i ed by a n y r e d u c t i o n i n t h e q u a n ti t y o f s e rv a n t s th a t

i n ex o r a bl e c us t o m d eeme d n ec es s a ry . O n e h un dred
”
a n d t en s erv a n t s to w a i t up o n a f a mil y o f f our p eo p l e I

w ri t es M a c ra bie t he S ec reta ry a n d br o t he r i n la w o f F ra n
,
- -

c is i n c o mi c d es p a i r
, , a n d y et w e a re ec o n o mi s t s ! Oh
”
mo n s t r o us Tell me i f t hi s l a n d do es n o t w a n t w eedi n g 1
In a ddi t i o n t o t hi s h o rde of pa i d s e rv a n t s ma n y A n g l o ,

I n di a n s k ep t s l a v es Th es e w er e us ua l ly n eg roes a n d
.
,

w en t by t h e n a me o f C o fi re es Th ey w ere h a bi t ua ll y O ffer
.

ed fo r s a l e a n d t he l o ca l r ec o rd s a re f ull o f a d ve rti se men t s

,

o f t h e ki n d .Fo ur h un d red r up ees w a s de emed a g oo d

pri c e for a ma n w h o un d er s too d t he bus i n es s bo t h o f but l e r
a nd c oo k o t h er s w ere i n d ema n d o n a c c o un t o f t h e i r m us i

c a l s kill a n d t he i r d ex t erity i n s h a v i n g a n d dr es s i n g a n d
,

w a i t i n g a t t a bl e .N o r w ere t he s l a v es a l l A fri c a n s M a n y .

w e re t he c hildr en o f po o r p a ren t s w ho h a d s o ld th em fr o m

t he ir i n a bility t o s upp o rt th em There w as i t is t o b e

.
,

fea red a g oo d d eal o f ill us a ge o f t h es e un fo r t un a t e c rea

,
-

t ures a n d i t c o mes a s a s h oc k t o rea li ze t h a t n o mea s ure

,

fo r t he a bo li t i o n o f s l a v ery f o un d a pl a c e on t h e s t a tut e
boo k un t il t he y ea r 1 842 . Th e fa c t w a s th a t t he s erv i c e s
,

o f t h e s l a v e w ere a r t d a l t v en i e t t b e d i s e
g e a e oo c o n n o p n s

ed w i t h . He p erfo r me d a ll t he m
en i a l d ut i es w hi c h a

hi red s erv a n t w o uld n o t do fo r fea r o f d emea n i ng h im

s elf : a n d if h e ra n a w a y t h e s umm a ry meth o d s o f t h e
,

p o li c e w e r e a l w a y s a v a il a b l e fo r c a pt u r e a n d c h a s ti s e

men t .

Th es e o ve rg ro w n li s hmen t s w er e
es t a b not at a ll

to t he li ki n g o f t he C o ur t o f D i r ec t o r s . W h i le t he

Q uo rum of Z emi n d a rs di rec ted th ei r a tt en t i o n to

 CA L C UTTA A FTE R P LAS S E Y .

t he s erv a n ts , t h e Ch a i rs at t he I n di a H o us e w e re n ev e r
w ea ry of i n c ul ca ti ng t he v i r tues o f t he s i mpl e li fe
upo n
t he ma s t er s . As ea rly ev en a s 1 7 25 w e co me a c ros s ,

l etter a ft er l ett er f ull o f r emon s t r a n c e a n d rep r oba t i o n .

Th e Pres id en t J o h n D ea n e h a d c h a rged
, ,
R upees el ev en
h un dred fo r a ch a i s e a n d pa i r t o th e p ubl i c a c c o un t .

Thi s s um h e i s o rd ered i mmedi a t ely t o r ef un d I f o ur .

”
s erva n ts , S a y t h e D i rec t o r s w ill h a v e s uc h s uperfl ui
,

ti es, l et th e m p a y fo r t h em D es pi t e o f r ep ri ma n d s
.
,

ho w ev er h a bi t s o f l ux ury c on ti n ued a nd in 1 7 31 w e fi n d
, , ,

t he fo p pe ry o f h a v i n g a s et o f mus i c a t h is t a bl e a n d ,
”
a coa c h a n d s i x w i t h
g ua rd s a n d r u n n i n g f o o t men m a d e ,

a ma t t e r o f r e roo f a a i n s t bo t h t he Pres id en t a n d m
p g s o e
”
o f i n fe ri o r r a n k An d by w a y o f a ddi n g i n s ult t o i n j ury
.
,

i t is b ro a dly hi n ted t h a t w he r ev e r s uc h pr a c t i c e preva il s

i n a n y o f o ur s erv a n t s w e s h a l l a l w a y s ex p ec t t h a t w e a re
,

t he p a y m a s t er s in so me s h a pe o r o t h er .

AS t i me g o es on , t he g ri ev a n c e assu mes adi ff eren t

a s pec t . It is l on ger t he un a uth o ri z ed ex en dit u r of
no p e

t he C o mp a n y s mo n ey t h a t fo r ms t h e burd en o f co m a i n t
’

m
but t h e w ri ters mus t n o t s pen d t h ei r o w n s al a ries a s they
thi n k fi t . I n 1 754 it i s l a id d o w n a s a s t a n di n g a n d a

p o s i t i v e c o m m a n d t h a t n o w rit e r be a ll o w ed t o k ee p a

a l a n q uin o rs e o r c h a i s e d uri n g t h e t er m o f h is
( p ) h,

”
s mi s s a l
“
p
, u n d er pa i n o f di A f t er t he
. T r ou

L i es, t h e D i r ec t o r s w e r e i n d uc ed t o r e l en t a n d a f t e r m u c h
hveig h i n g a ga i n s t ex pen s es a bo ut c oo kro o ms a n d ga r
”
lens l a t el y o bserved on t he fa c e o f t he bill s p e rm ,i s s i on
l

a c c o rded t o t he w rit er s t o us e a p a l a n q ui n d uri n g t he

t w ea th er a n d r a i n s o n a c c o unt o f t he di s t a n c e o f s o me
1 00 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

”
of their h ous es fro m t he o fli c es th ey bel o n g t o . B ut t h e
i n dulg en c e w a s a cc o mp a n i ed w i t h t he w a r n i ng t h a t w h en
t h e c i t a d el is fi n i s h ed a n d a p a r t men t s fo r t h e C o m p a n y s
’

s erv a n t s a re built c on t i g uo us t o t h e p ubli c c hi ces t h ere ,

w ill be n o occas i o n fo r t h e ex p en s e o f a p a l a n q ui n and ,

w e s h a l l t h en o bli ge th em t o la y i t a s ide The .

g en t l e

men w ri t er s w o uld a ppea r h o w ev er t o h a v e t a k en a n

, ,

ell i n s t ea d o f t h e i n c h a ll o tted t o t h em a n d in 1 7 67 ,
d uri n g ,

t he Go v er n o rs hip o f V erel s t t he C o urt i n s i s t on t h e n eed

,
"
of a t h o ro ug h c ha n ge o f ma n n er s i n t h e S et tl e m en t ,

a n d d eman d t he en a c t men t o f a s t ri n en t c od e o f s um
g p
t ua ry l a w s Th e t ur bul en t f a c t i o us c o n d uc t o f t h es e
y o un g men ( o f t he Ci v il Serv i c e) t hey w rite ,
is o f so ,

a l a r mi ng a n a t ure tha t w e a re d eter mi ne d t o q uel l i t a nd ,

i f t h ey ca n n o t be br o ug h t t o a s en s e o f th ei r d ut y t h ey ,

a re un w o r t hy o ur s erv i c e a n d mus t n o t be s ufl e red

'

to
”
c o n t i n ue in I n di a . B y t h eir direc ti o n a C o m m i t t ee o f
I n s pec t i on w a s a ppo i n t ed a n d t he fo ll o w i ng r eg ul a t i o n s
,

w ere ma de a n d c i rc ul a t ed w i th a n i n ti ma t i o n th a t im

p i lc i t o b edi e n c e w a s e x pec ted t o the di rec t i o n s t h ereo n

c o n ve y ed . l st
.
-
VV i t h r es p ec t t o t he s erv a n t s nec es s a ry
t o be k ep t by a w ri t er w i t h o ut a fa mily t he Co m mi t t ee
,

a re o f o pi n i o n t h a t t h ey s h o uld be a l l o w ed t w o an d a ,

c oo k ;— o n e fo r t he i mmedia t e ca r e o f h is h o us e a n d
c h a rg e o f h i s e ff ec t s ,
a n d a n o t h er t o a t t e n d h i m w h en

g o e s o u
,
t c r t o a s s i s t i n t h e c h a rg e o f h
i n c a s e o f t he s i c k ne s s o f t h e o t h er 2n d
.

m en ded t h a t a n o rd er be i s s ued t h a t n o w ri t er s h a l l
a ll o w ed t o k eep a h o r s e w i t h o ut t h e ex pres s p er mi s s i o n

t h e G o v er n o r ; o r be p er m it t ed ei t h er o f hi mse l f o r j o i n

w i t h o th er s , t o keep a g a rd en h o us e 3rd
. I t is f urt h
.
-
 C HA P TE R V III .

H AS T I N G S A N D F R AN C IS .

I N t he yea r 1 773 C a l c ut t a beca me fo r t he fi rs t ti m e t he

o fli c i a l c a pi t a l o f B ri t i s h I n di a P a rli a men t d ete rmi n ed t o
.

i n t erfere fo r t h e bett er reg ul a ti o n o f t h e B riti s h terri

”
t o ri es in t h e E a s t I n di es a n d w h ile r en ew i n g t h e C h a rt e r
, ,

o f t he C o mp a n y e n a c t ed a v a ri et y o f i mpo r t a n t c h a ng es
,

i n it s c o n s t i t ut i o n W a rr en H a s t i n gs w ho h a d in M a y
.
, ,

1 7 72 s uc c eeded J o h n C a r t i er a s
,
Pres id en t in t h e B a y
a n d G o ve r n o r o f B en g a l w a s el ev a t ed t o t h e r a n k o f G o v e r
,

n o r G en er a l
-
n o t o f I n di a
, but o f the ,
P res id enc y o f Fo rt
\V illia m i n B en g a l a n d i n v es t ed w i t h s upr e me a ut h o ri t y
,

o v e r a ll t h e B ri t i s h po s s es s i o n s in I n di a Thi s g rea t .
,

i f s o met i me s e rri n g s t a t es ma n h a d fi rs t s a il ed fo r I n d i a
,

i n 1 750 a t t h e a g e o f ei gh t een A t t h e t i me o f t h e c a p
.

t ur e o f C a l c ut t a he w a s F i ft h a t C o s s i mba z a r a n d es c a p ed
,

t h e c l ut c he s o f t h e N a bo b by h is a bs e n c e a t t he a n f a n g s

o r u c o un t ry f a c t o ri es T h t l n t a nd o w er o f s uc c es s
p e a e p
-
.

f ul n eg o t i a t io n di s pl a y ed by h i m d uri n g t he Tr o ub les
w o n fo r h im t h e n o t i c e o f Cli v e a n d h e w a s pl a c ed
,
in
1 7 5 7 i n t he d ifli c ul t p o s t o f R es ide n t a t M oo rs h ed

a ba d .I n 1 7 60 h e bec a me a membe r o f C o un c i l a t Fo r t
\V ill ia m w h er e his g r ea t a bili t i es a n d hi s upri g h t d e a l i n g
,

s too d o ut in s h a rp r eli ef a g a i n s t t h e s h o rt c o mi n g s O f
p r o fl ig a t e o r bl un d e ri n
g c o ll ea g u e s R et ur n i n g t
. o E n g l a n d
i n 1 764 w i t h a go o d n a me a n d a p oo rly s t oc k ed p ur s e h e
, ,

w en t o ut fi v e y ea r s l a t e r a s s ec o n d me mber o f C o un c il a t
 HAS TI N G S AN D FR AN C I S .

Fo r t S t . Geo rge . W hil e

d o i ng his bes t th ere to
he w a s
reli eve t h e fi n a n c i a l di s o rd ers con s eq uen t o n t he w a r
w i t h Hyde r Ali he f o un d hi ms el f a ppo i n t ed Pres id en t
,

o f t he C a l c ut t a C o un c il The c h a ng e in h is f ort un es w hi c h
.

n o w be f ell h im w a s n o t q ui t e a ll th a t it a pp ea r ed u o n t he
p
s urf a c e . His s a l a ry a s Gov ern o r Gen er a l w a s fi x ed a t t he -

pri nc ely fig ure o f t w o a n d a h a l f l a kh s o f r upees but h i s ,

po w e r s w ere c rippl ed by t he a pp o i n t men t o f a C o un c i l O f

fo ur membe rs w i t h eq ua l a ut h o ri t y t o hi ms elf a t t he bo a rd .

A S upreme C o urt o f J udi c a t ure w a s es t a bli s h ed a t t h e

s a m e t i me i n C a l c ut t a t o c o n sis t o f a Chi e f J us t i c e a n d
,

t h r ee p ui s n e J ud ges .

To th e s ea t s in r C o un c il w e e no m na e
i t d R i c h a rd B a rw ell ,

a s en i o r membe r o f th e Ci v il S er v i c e Philip Fra n c i s a n , ,

e x c l e rk i n t he W a r O fli c e w h o s e a p po i n t men t ma y be h eld
-
,

by t h o s e w ho w ill t o h a ve been h us h mo n ey t o s ec ur e t h e -

s i l e n c e o f J un i us a n d G en e r a l J o h n Cl a v eri n g a n d C o l o n el
,

G eo rg e M o n s o n t w o mili ta ry o ffi c ers o f di s t i n g ui s he d re
,

"
p ut a t i o n a n d po w erful c o n n ec ti o n s O f t h es e B a rw ell
r
.
,

w a s a l o n e in I n d i a : a n d w h en h is c o ll ea g ue s l a n ded a t

F o r t W illi a m i n t h e mo n t h o f O c t o ber 1 7 74 t h ey w ere , ,

a c c o m p a n i ed by th e ir L o rds hip s o f t h e S upr eme C o urt

C l a veri n g w a s c o l on e l o f t h e 52ud F oo t , a nd w as bri ga d ie r at

th e a tta ck o n G ua d eloup e i n 1 7 59 , w h ere he l ed t h e B ri t i sh t roo ps

i n p e rso n Ac c o rd in g t o Ho ra c e
. Wa l po l e , he w as t h e rea l hero
”
o f G ua d e l o upe , a n d c a me ho me co vered w i th more l a urel s th an a

bo a
’
rs h ea d . Mo n so n , w ho w as t he th i rd s on of t he fi rs t L o rd
M o riso n , s erv ed i n the C a rn a t i c w a rs a nd was se verel y w o un d ed a t

th e s i ege o f P on d i c he rry by E yre C o ot e i n 1 7 6 1 He a l so t oo k p a rt .

i n S ir Wi ll i a m D ra per s c a p t ure o f M a n i l la i n the f o l l o w i n g yea r

’ ’

O rm e a w a rds h im hon o ura bl e men t io n f o r h i s b ra v ery .

1 04 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N Ew .

S ir E l i j a h Impey , J o h n Hyd e, R o bert Ch a m ber s , t h e fri en d

a n d c o rres p o n d en t o f D r J o h n s o n a n d S t ep hen C aes a r Le
.
,

—
M a i s tre w ho il ed fro m E ng l a n d a t t he s a me t i me
ha d sa

a s th ems el v es but in a di ffe ren t s h i p

,
D r B us t eed in
. .

h is E c ho es fro m O ld C a lc ut t a h a s r ep rod uc ed i n th e in i
mi t a ble l a n gua ge o f M a c ra bie t he bro t h er in l a w a n d
,
- -

pri va t e s ec ret a ry o f F r a nc i s t he fa mo us s to ry o f t he
,

l a n di n g a n d t he R o y a l S a l ute t h a t w a s ex pec t ed a n d

w a s n o t a c c o rd ed F ro m t h e fi r s t t h e ex ec uti v e a n d
.

t he j udi c i a l h a d been a t c ro s s p urpo s es : a n d t h o r n y q ues

-

t i o n s o f ra n k a n d etiq uett e th rea t en ed to c rea te a b rea c h

befo r e th e v oya ge ha d proc eed ed f urth er t h a n M a dei r a .

B ut t he i n j ured prid e o f t he n ew C o un c ill o r s h a d been mo l

lifi ed by t he g rea t po mp w ith w hi c h t h ey w ere rec ei v ed a t
”
M a dra s , li k e fa ll en a ngel s in a lit t l e hell o f o ur ow n a s ,

M a c ra bie p ut s it : a n d i n s pit e o f th ei r j ea l ous y o f t h e

S upreme C o urt w ho w e r e s a ili n g bet t er t ha n w e do a n d
”
t h eir Ch a r t er g i v es t h em prec ed en c e th ey w ere pr ep a red
,

t o fo rg et t h ei r a n n o y a n c es i n v i ew o f t he tri umph a l e n t ry

i n t o Fo r t V illia m w hi c h w a s a w a iti ng th em The v es s e l s

-
.

a rri v ed a t Hidgelee a t t he mo uth o f th e ri ver o n t h e

1 2th O c t o ber 1 774 : a n d th e n ex t s ix d a y s w ere s pen t i n
,

j o ur n eyi n g up t he riv er i n budg ero w s An c h o r w a s c a s t

.

t hr ee mil es bel o w t he c ity h a rd by t he s p o t w he re t h e B o t a

n ic a l G a rd en s n o w s t a n d
’
a n d o n t h e 1 9t h a t t en O c l o c k
, ,

t he di s ti n g ui s h ed p a s s en g er s w i t h t h e membe r s o f t h e i r
,

w er e c o n v eyed o n t he C o mmo d o r e s ba rg e to t h e
’
s t a ff
,

S w a ll o w s l oo p w h er e t h ey w er e j o i n ed by th ei r ri v a l s
,

o f t h e S upr eme C o urt E x a c t ly a t n oo n a c o mfo rt a b l e

.
,
”
s ea s o n fo r es t a bli s hi ng t he et iq uett e o f prec ed en c y , w ri t es

M a c ra bie , th e w h o l e p a rty a re s a f ely di s po s ed in t h r e e

 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

The i n s t a l la t i o n o f t he n ew G ov ern men t w a s foll o w ed by a

bri s k i n t erc h a n ge o f o ffi c i a l c o rr es po n d enc e bet w een Ha s t
ing s a n d the C o un c i l .Ki n g F r a n c i s t he F i rs t ( a s C a l
out t a go s s i ps w ere s o o n to n i c k n a me him) a n d h is c o llea gues
ha d ex p ec t ed a s a l ut e o f t w en t y o n e g un s fro m t he ba t t eri es
-

o f Fo rt W illi a m .H a s ti n gs a c co rd ed t h em s even t een a nd ,

i n h is d es p a t c h to t he C o urt o f D irec t o r s h e demo n s t r a t es ,

c l ea rly en o u h t h a t h is a c t i o n w a s i n s tri c t c o m l i a n ce
g .
p
w i t h t he o r der s t he
y h a d g i v e n W e m a.
y f a i l p e r h a p s , ,

t o a g ree w ith M a c a ul a y w h en he t ra c es i n t hi s r l
p e s o n a

di fferen c e t he c o mmen c e men t o f t h a t l o ng q ua rrel w h i c h ,

a f t e r di s t r a c ti n g B ri t i s h I n di a w a s r en ew ed in E n l a n d
, g ,

a n d i n w hi c h a ll t he mo s t emi n en t s t a t es men a n d o r a t o rs

"
o f t he a ge t o o k a c ti v e p a r t o n o n e o r t he o t h er s i d e .

B ut t he fa c t r ema i n s th a t t h e s ki r mi s h upo n t he q ues t i o n

‘

o f t he s a l ut e w a s t h e pr el ud e t o a bi t t e r c a m a i n bet w ee n
p g
H a s t i n g s a n d F ra n c i s Ba rw ell a s a r ul e s uppo rted Ha s t
.
, ,

i n gs in C o un c il : but t he v o tes o f Cl a v eri ng a n d Mo n s o n

w e re p erti n a c i o us ly c a s t a g a i n s t h i m a n d t he n ew Go v e r

n o r G en er a l fo un d hi ms elf h a r a s s ed a n d th w a r t ed a t ev e ry
-

t ur n . The di ffe ren c es bet w een t h e membe rs o f G o v e r n

men t di v id ed C a l c ut t a i n t o t w o c a mp s M a j o rity . a nd

M i n o ri t y bec a me ex pr es s i o n s in c o mmo n us e t o d e n o t e
t he pa r t i s a n s . Peo pl e s po k e o f t h ei r a rri v a l in I n di a a s
h a v i n g oc c urred a very li t t l e w hil e befo re o r a ft er t he

ma j o ri t y c a me . M a c ra bie w rit es in J a n ua ry 1 776 Mr , , .

B a rw ell w a s a t t he Go v e r n o r s l a s t n i g h t a n d pr a y s a ys
’ ’

he ,
w h a t bro ugh t yo u h ere c o mi ng o ver t o t h e mi n o ri t y ,

I s uppo s e ? W ith o ut d o ubt S ir repl i ed I

’
, ,
’
I b re a k ,
‘

f a s t ed a t y o ur h o us e t hi s mo r n i n g .
’

I t is ea s y fo r po s t erity to s it in j ud g men t f r
a te t he
 HA S TIN G S AN D FR AN C I S .

la p s e o f a cen tury ppo rti o n t he bl a me t o t hi s s id e

a nd to a

a n d th a t . w e t ra n s po rt o ur s el v es to t he C a lc utt a
B ut i f
o f t he da y t he ma rvel fo r c o n s ide ra ti on is s urely n ot th a t
,

i t s in h a b it a n t s q ua rrell ed s o muc h but th a t th ey w er e ev e r

,

”
g o o d t-
e m p e r ed a t a ll D u l.c e es t des ip ere i t w ill be,

sa id ,
h a s a l w a y s been t he mo t t o o f C a l c utt a even w it h
th e t h er mo met er a t 1 04 d eg rees i n t he s h a d e Y et w h a t .

s h a ll be s a id o f pl ea s ur e p ur s ued a mid c o n diti on s w hi c h

c a ll ed fo r t he fo ll o w i ng o ut s po k en G ui des t o hea l t h
i n t he ho t w ea th er ? O ur goo d fri en d s a n d rea d ers
h a v e been s o o ften to ld t h a t t he w ea th er is very ho t th a t ,

w e s h a ll s pa r e t he i n fo r ma t i o n a n d c o n fi n e o urs el v es t o
,

s o m e g e n e ra l a d v i c e w hi c h w e pr es ume t o o ff e r fo r t he

p re s e r v a t i o n o f th ei r h ea l t h The gen tl emen a re pa r t i

.

c ul a rly e n tr ea t ed n o t t o ea t a bo v e fo ur po un d s o f s o lid s a t

a m ea l o r dri n k a bo ve s ix bo t t l es o f c l a ret ; a nd t o r efr a i n

,

fro m ridi ng bet w een t he h o ur s o f t en a nd fo ur in t he da y .

D a n c i n g w ill be ex t r emely fa t a l t o t he l a di es i f t a ken ,

mo re t h a n three ti mes a w ee k a n d th ey a re po s i t i vely ,

fo rbid t o w ea r full dres s es o f ei t h er s a ti n o r v el vet un t il ,

”
t h e l s t o f N o vembe r S o fa r t h e C a lc utta Ga z e tt e o f
.

O c t o be r 9 1 788 i n j es t : but t he rea lity is g ri m en o ug h

, ,

t h a t l urk s behi n d To s w el t e r t h ro ug h Se pt ember a n d O c

.

t o be r is d eeme d a pe n a n c e by t he mo d er n D i t c h e r in s pi t e ,

o f t he a ll ev i a t i o n s a ffo rd ed by ic e a n d el ec tri c fa n s Hast .

i n g s a n d F ra nc i s h a rd ly k n ew t he l ux ury o f ic e a n d w e re ,

d en i ed ev en t he d o ubt ful s o l a c e o f a s w i ng i ng p un kha .

i ra n d p ré fo un d t he l a t t e r i n us e in 1 789 but th ey w er e um ,

k n o w n t o S o ph i a Go ldbo rn e w ho ha d t he p ri o ri t y o f hi m by
,
°

s e v en y ea r s W h en th a t s pri g h t ly y o un g l a dy di n ed o ut i n
.

a c —
C l ut t a a n d t he di n n e r h o ur be it remembered w a s a t, ,
1 08 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D n ew .

’
t w o o c l oc k , h en t he s un w a s a t it s
w —
h o tt es t s he ,
w as

fa i n t o be c o n t en t w i t h bo y s w i t h fl a p pers an d fa n s a n d t o
i ma g i n e t h a t th ei r e x er t i o n s prod uc ed a to l era bly co m
fo rt a ble a rti fic i a l a t mo s p h er e . Th ere w a s mo reov er n o
, ,

mea n s o f es c a p e fro m t he mi s eri es o f t he c l i ma t e Thi s

.

”
b il e is t he dev il ,
w rites M a c ra bie in S ep t ember 1 7 75 , ,

t o r me n t ed by t he h ea t a n d t he h ea v y s upper s a n d l a t e

n i ht s
g y e t w h e r e w a s h e t o g o ? T h e H i g h C o ur t J u d g e s

o f to-d a y thi n k n o t hi n f t h ir n ua l trip t o E n g l a n d

g o e a n

S ir E lij a h Impey a n d a fter h i m S i r W illi a m J ones h a d t o

, ,

c o n s o l e t h e mselv es w i th a h o lid a y s n a t c h ed a t C h itt a go n g .

F ra n c i s n ev er mo v ed a h un d red m iles o ut o f C a l c ut t a ,

a nd h a d no ref u e ex c ep t B a rw ell s h un ti n l d
’
g g o g e a t
Ba ra set w h ere t he d ra ught s w e re a s d eep a n d t h e pl a y
,

a s hi g h a s a t t he Ali o re v i ll a futen l u d H ti
p p a es . a s n g s

s o ug h t refr es h men t in t he s ea breez es a t B eerco o l

-
,

n ea r M id n a o r e F th e o rdi n a ry ma n a trip t o Ch i n
p . o r

s ura h ,
o r if h e w ere r ea lly ill t o M o n g hyr ha d t o s ufli c e
, , .

Amid s uc h s urr o un di n gs t he G o v ern o r G en era l a n d h i s

,
a

C o unc il mi g h t be e x c us ed i f t h ey t ur n ed t o s tri fe a s t he o n ly
g a l v a n i z e r o f t h ei r s l ugg i s h en erg i es .

We d n o t fo ll o w th e hi s to ri c q ua rrel t hro ug h i t s
n ee

l o n g a n d d ev i ous c o ur s e B ut th ere is on e i nc i den t

.

w hi c h c a n n o t be p a s s ed o v er Cl o s ely c o n n ec ted w i t h
.

C a l c ut t a it fur n i s h ed in a ft er yea rs o n e o f t he p ri n c i p a l
,

g r o un d s o f a c c us a t i o n a g a i n s t H a s ti n g s a n d c
, o n ti n ues t o

a ro us e a f t er t he l a ps e o f a c en t ury t he fi erc es t di ff er en c e

o f Op i n io n I t h a s pl ea s ed B urk e a n d M ill a n d M a c a ula y t o

.

r epres en t N unc o ma r a s t he v i c ti m o f a j udi c i a l murder .

I mpey t he Chi ef J us ti c e ( M a c a ul a y d o es no t h es it a t e t o
,
 1 10 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

r
s e va n t s o f t he C o mp a n y : a n d t he s ea t O f r ul e t o e t h e r
g,

w ith t he Tr ea s ury a n d t h e C o ur t s o f J us t i c e fi n a ll y
,

t r a n s fe rr ed fr o m M o o rs h eda ba d t o C a lc utta F o r t he
.

mo men t h e w a s d efea t ed : but t he a d v en t O f F r a n c i s i n

1 7 74 ga v e h i m t he o ut l et fo r r ev e n ge fo r w hi c h he w a s
s eeki n
g O. n t h e 1 1 t h M a r c h 1 7 7,5 F r a,n c i s l a id b e fo r e

t he Bo a rd a fo r ma l l ett er a ddr es s ed t o t he G o v er n o r G en e -

ra l a n d C o un c il by N un c o ma r In thi s d oc umen t a d i rec t

.

c h a rg e w a s l a id a ga i n s t H a s ti n gs O f a c c ep t i n g bri bes fro m

M un n y Beg um t he w id o w O f M ee r J a ffer M a h o med R ez a

.
, ,

Kh a n a n d o th er s Tw o d a y s la t er N unc o ma r i n a no th e r
,
.
,

let t e r o ffe red t o a pp ea r befo re t he B o a rd a n d g i v e h i s ev i

d en c e o ra l a n d d oc umen t a ry Th e ma j o rity w e re i n f a v o ur
,
.

O f a c c ep t i n g t h e O ff e r H a s t i n gs d ec la red t he C o un c il dis
.

s o l v ed a n d q ui t t ed t he r oo m w i t h B a r w ell p
,
r o t es ti n
g
a g a i n s t a c t s O f t h e C o un c i l d uri n g h i s a bs en c e a s ill eg a l

a n d un w a rr a n t ed . F r a n c i s a n d t he o t h er t w o th e reupo n
v o t ed t h e ms el v es a C o un c il ut Cl a v eri i t h h a i r
p, n
g n e c ,

w en t i n t o t he c h a r ges pr e fe rr ed by N un c o ma r a n d d ec l a red
,

H a s t i ng s g uil t y O f h a v i n g a ma s s ed fo r t y l a kh s O f r up ee s
in t w o a n d a h a l f y ea r s by a ll ma n n e r O f un d erh a n d m ea n s .

Th e i re a c c us a t i o n w a s a ft er w a rd s pro ved t o be a
en t

w ilf ul fa l s eh o o d fo un d ed o n l e t t er s fo rg ed b N un c o ma r
y
h i ms el f B ut t he r ec o ll ec t i o n O f t he epi s od e a l o n e has s ur
.

v iv ed w hil e it s a t t en d a n t c i rc ums t a n c es h a v e been f o r o t

g
t en : w i t h t he res ul t th a t a c o n n ec t i o n h a s been fo r c ed

betw een i t a n d t he t ri a l a n d ex ec ut i o n o f N un c o ma r upo n

a c h a rge o f fo rgery w hi c h fo ll o w ed c l o s e upo n i t
, Th er e .

i s n o g ro un d h ow ev er fo r i m p uti n g t h e i n iti a t i o n o f th i s
, ,

pro sec uti o n t o H a s t i ngs o r fo r a c c us i n g Impey O f a c t i n g

,
 HA S TI N G S AN D F R AN C I S . 111

as his t oo l . It rue th a t H a s t i n gs l odged a c h a rge

is t

O f c on s pirac y a r i d f a l s e s w ea ri n g ag a i n s t N un c oma r by ,

w ay O f repl y t o h is a t te mpt t o us e t he C o un c il a ga i n s t h i m .

But th e ma t te r n ev er c a me t o a hea ri n g a n d fo r t hi s rea s o n , .

”
Th er e h a d been a l iti ga ti o n O f lo ng s t a n di n g s a ys Sir ,

J. F
. S t eph en , i
“
n w h i c h t h e itn p ut a t i o n o f h a v i ng fo rged

c ert a i n bo n d s h a d been c a s t upo n N un c o ma r His a n t a go .

n i s t d ec id ed t o pr o s ec ut e h i m c ri mi n a lly an d t ri ed t o do s o

man y mo n th s befo re t he S upre me C o urt w a s es t a bli s h ed ,

but w a s un a bl e a t th a t ti me t o get t he n ec es s a ry ma t eri a l s .

Wh en t he S upreme C ourt w a s es ta bli s h ed t he a ppli c a t i o n ,

w as ren ew ed a n d s uc c eed ed : a n d a s s oo n a s t he fo rged

d oc um en t w a s O bt a i n ed N unc o ma r w a s bro ught befo re t h e

ma g i s t ra t es a n d c o mmitt ed fo r t ri a l i n t he o rdi n a ry
c o urs e . W it h t hi s c a s e w hi c h rel a ted en ti rely t o N un
,

co ma r s pri v a t e a ff a ir s H a s ti n gs c a n n o t be s h ow n t o h a v e
’
,

As fo r Im pey s s h a re i n t he tr a n s a c ti o n
’
ha d a n y c o n ce r n .
,

it n eed on ly be s t a t ed th a t t he preli mi n a ry en q uiry w a s held

en ti r el y i n d ep en d en t ly o f h im a n d by t w o O f t he p ui s n e

J ud g es Hyd e a n d Le M a i s tre w ho s a t a cc o rdi ng t o t he

, , ,

i nc o n v en i en t proc ed ure o f t he t i me a s J us ti c es O f t he ,

P ea c e w hil e t he t ri a l w a s h eld befo re t he w h o l e C o urt o f

fo ur J udg es a n d a J ury w hi c h w a s n o t emp a n ell ed un t il
,

N un c o ma r h a d ex h a us t ed ei g ht een o ut o f t he t w en t y
c h a l l en ges a ll o w ed h i m by t he l a w .

P e n di ng t h e e ec t o n o f a n ew c o u t -
r i r ho us e o n th e E s pla
na de ,
w h ere it s s uc c es s o r s t a n d s n ow t h e s itti n g s o f t he ,

S up reme C o urt w er e h eld in t he s p a c i o us roun d fl o o r ro o m

g
-

O f t h e O ld C o urt H o use w hi c h s t o o d a s w e a l r ea dy k n o w
, , ,
"
on t he s it e of S t An dr ew s Ch urc h
. Here N un c o ma r .
1 12 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

w as a rra ign ed in t he s ummer O f 1 7 7 5 Th e proc eed .

i ng s w ere co n d uc t ed thro ug h o ut in t he mo s t s olemn a n d

de c o ro us f a s hi o n Th e C o urt s a t fo r eig h t c o n s ec ut i v e da y s
.
,

t h e i n te r v en i n g S un d a y i nc l ud ed fro m ei g h t in t h e mo rni n g
,

un t i l l a t e a t n i g ht Th ere w a s n o a dj o urn men t o n e o f

.
,

t he J udges a l w a y s r ema i n i ng i n t he C o urt r oo m o r in a -

ro o m o pen i ng o ut O f it a n d t he j ury reti ri ng un d er c h a rg e

,

O f t h e S h eri ff s O ffi c er s t o a n a dj o i n i n g r oo m
’
It w a s t h e
.

fi r s t w eek O f a C a lc utt a J un e a n d t he h ea t mus t h a v e been

,

un bea r a bl e . The J udg es w ere a rr a yed in th ei r red ro bes

a n d h ea vy full bo t t o med w i g s : a n d c a l mn es s a n d i mp a r
-

t ial i t y mi g h t w ell h a v e been d ee med a t a di sc o un t un d er ,

t he di s tre s s i n g c o n diti o n i n w hi c h t h ei r Lo rd s hip s mus t

h a v e fo un d t h ems el ves fro m th ei r h ea d s t o th ei r t ri c klin g

fi n g ers . The i n vec ti v e o f M a c a ul a y w o uld r a n k I mp ey i n
t he s a me ca t ego ry a s S c r oggs a n d J efi rey s : but t h e C hi ef

J us t i c e s a ll oc ut i o n t o t h e J ury w a s O f t he fa i res t po s s i b le
’

c h a ra c t e r a n d i n s tri ki n g c o n tr a s t t o ma n y a c o n t emp o r a ry

s umm i n g up o f M a n s fi eld a n d L o ug h bo r o u h i n E n l d
g g a n .

The v erdi c t w hi c h w a s ret ur n ed a t fo ur O c l oc k in t h e m o m

’

i n g O f J un e 1 6 w a s a n un a n i mo us o n e O f g uil t y a n d i n t h e
, , ,

o pi n i o n O f t h o s e ex p ert s w h o h a v e s t udi ed t h e ev i d en c e ,

w a s a mply j us t i fi ed The p un i s h men t o f dea th w a s n o

.

a bus e o f j udi c i a l a uth o ri t y but i n fl i c t ed i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h

,

t h e l a w a s it t h en s t oo d a n d a s S i r E lij a h Imp ey a n d h i s

b ro t h e r j ud ges w e re bo un d t o a d mi n i s t er i t
- .

The c o n d e mn ed ma n pet i t i o n ed t he C o unc i l fo r a re s p i t e .

r i
F a nc s a n d Cl a ve ri n g a n d M o n s o n ,
by v irt ue o f the

ma oj rity t h ey c o m m a n d e d h a,
d it i n t h ei r po w e r t o s a v e

i
h s li f e. B u t t h ey r em a i n ed i m p a s s i v e : a n d o n A ug us t 5 ,
1 14 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D N EW.

life Tw o y ea rs a ft e r h is a rri v a l he res i g n ed h is O ffic e

. , ,

so e r ly s tri k
c en w i t h di s ea s e : b u t b e f o r e h e c o u ld esc a p e ,

de a t h c l ut c h ed h im a n d he di ed a t H oo g hly i n S ep t em
,

ber 1 7 76,
.S i x t een mo n t h s O f t h e C a l c ut t a c li ma t e h a d
a lr ea dy pr o v e d t oo m u c h f o r h i s w i f e L a dy A n
,
n e a n d s h e ,

h a d bee lyi s i n c e F eb r ua r y i n t h e S o u t h P a rk S t r e et
n n g
ryi
bu ng g - r o u n d w h e,
n t h e y pl a c e d h i m be s id e h e r
*
N O .

i n s c rip t i o n ma rk s t h eir g ra v es but Cl a v eri n g w h o s e t o mb ,

is h a rd b y h a ,s b e e n m o re f o r t u n a t e H i s t ur n
. w a s n o t

lo n g in c o m i n g He di ed in Aug us t 1 7 77 a mo n t h o r t w o
. ,

a f t er r ec ei v i n g t h e red ri bbo n O f t h e B a t h A ft e r a .

d eliri um O f ma n y h o ur s he ex pired a t h a lf p a s t 2 P M a n d . .
,

w a s b uri ed a t ei g h t The G o v ern o r o rd er ed mi n ute g un s

. .

S uc h is t he en t ry i n t h e mel a n c h o ly r ec o rd h ea de d D a t es
"
O f Fa c t s , i n w hi c h F r a n c i s h a s me t h od i c a lly s et d o w n t he
d ea t h s a mo n g t h o s e w ho h a d a c c o mp a n i ed h i m t o C a l c utt a .

He hi ms elf l eft I n di a a t t he en d O f 1 780 but n o t befo r e t he ,

t en s i o n be t w een h im a n d H a s t i n g s ha d c ul m i n a t ed a few ,

mo n t h s befo re h is dep a rt ur e in a d uel in t he Ali po r e fi el d s

, .

I do n o t t r us t t o M r F r a n c i s s pro mi s es o f ca n d o ur c o n
.
’
,

”
v i n c ed t h a t he i s i n c a p a ble o f i t w ro t e H a s t i n gs i n a
,

m i n ut e r ea d in C o un c il a n d r ec o rd ed o n t he c o n s ul t a t i o n s
o f G o v er n men t
“
I j udge O f h is p ubli c c o n d uc t by h is
,

pri v a t e w hi c h I h a v e fo un d t o be v o id O f t rut h a n d
,

h o n o ur . A f t er t he C o un c il h a d ri s e n F r a n c i s t oo k t h e ,

“
L a d y A n n e M on s on w a s th e d a ugh ter of Hen ry V a n e, fi rs t E a rl
of D a rl in gto n , a nd t hrough her mo t her, L a d y G ra ce Fi t z R oy , c o ul d

cla i m d escen t f ro m ro a l t y ,
y f o r he r gra n d - f a th er, t h e fi rs t D uke O f

C l evel a n d , w a s so n O f C h a rl es the S ec on d by B a rba ra V i l l i e rs ( L a d y

C a s t l ema i n e) . She mus t h a ve been at l ea s t f o rt y-fi ve w hen sh e

a rriv ed in I n d i a .
 HA S TI N G S A N D FR AN C I S . 116

G o ve n o r i n to a p ri v a t e r o o m a n d p ut i n t o his
r -
G en e r a l
h a n d s a w rit ten c h a ll en ge w hi c h w a s i mmedi a t ely a c c ep t ,

ed . Th ey met o h A ug us t 1 7 a n d F ra n c i s w a s S h o t i n t h e
rig ht s id e but n o t d a n ge ro us ly
,
He re s i g n ed h is a ppo i n t .

me n t i n t he fo ll o w i ng D ec ember a n d r et ur n ed t o E n gl a n d
to en t e r t he H o us e o f C o mmo n s a n d t o pr ep a r e fo r t h e

n e x t a n d g r ea t er ph a s e o f t he s t r uggl e bet w een t h em .

I t ma y no t d o w n Philip F r a n c i s a s
be un j us t t o s et

o n e O f t he a bl es t fi erc es t w ro n g es t h ea d ed a n d mo s t ra n
'
-
, ,

c o r o n s O f t h e p ubli c me n O f h is d a y Y et i f a s J o h n .
,

B rig h t h a s p ut i t s t a t es ma n s hi p c o n s i s t s in fo r es ee i n g
,

n o le s s t h a n i n d o i n g he m us t be a dj ud g ed t o h a v e ea r n ed
,

a h i g h pl a ce i n I n di a n h i s t o ry Th e w a s t e O f S pi ri t s in .

”
t h i s c ur s ed c o un t ry w e fi n d h i m c ryi n g a l o ud i n t h e
,

b it t e r n es s O f h is he a r t is a di sea s e un c o n q uer a bl e a
, ,

m i s e ry un utte r a bl e B ut fro m t he fi r s t he d et er mi n ed n o t
.

t o g i v e w a y t o it I h a t e t he t h o ugh t O f dyi n g o f t he
.

s pl e en li k e a ra t in a h o l e I f I ha d g i v en w a y t o it h e ret o
,
.

fo r e I S h o uld n o w h a v e been s tret c h ed a l o n g s id e O f Cl a ver

,

i n g M o n s o n a n d Le M a i s t r e w i t h a d a mn ed h ic fa c et up o n
'

my h ea r t I h a v e ma n y r ea so n s fo r n o t w i s hi n g t o d ie in
.
-

Ben g a l Pe rv er s e C a l c ut t a h a s r emem ber ed o n ly t he

.

pe r s o n a l a s p ec t s O f h is c a reer a n d if h e li v es a t a ll in her ,

me mo ry i t i s a s t he i mpl ac a bl e fo e O f H a s t i n g s a n d t he
,

hero o f I e es c a p a d e w i t h t h e fa i r a n d fr a il M a d a m G r a n d
f " r

D r. B us teed ha s di s en t a n gl ed
un t iri n g d i l i gen c e t he a dv enw ith
tures o f th is e i h t ee n th c en t ur R ho do i s
g y p B o rn i n 1 7 62 a t t he O l d .

D an i sh S et t l emen t O f T ran q ueba r on the C o ro ma n de l C o a s t s h e

, w as
th e d a ugh t er Of P i erre Werl ée ,
a n a t i ve O f M a uri ti us , w h o ros e t o be
ma s t e r a tt en d a n t at C ha n dern a go re . She w as ma rried i n 1 777 , at
th e a e o f 1 5, to Co mp a n y ’
g a s serv a n t O f the na me Of G ra n d , and
 1 16 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N ew .

w hi c h cos t h i m fi ft y t h o us a n d
r upees in 1 77 9 s icc a s ,

s ic c a s b ro t h er I mp ey a s h is l o rd s hip M r J us t i c e Hyd e
,
.
,

w a s c a r e ful t o i n s i s t B ut h e h a s fa r mo r e so lid p r eten

.

i
s o n s to f a m e W i t hi
. n a s h o r t t i me a f t e r h i s a rri v a l i n

C a l c ut t a h e s k e tc h ed o ut in a l et ter t o t he Pri me M i n i s t er
,

a pl a n fo r t h e G o v e r n men t o f I n di a w hi c h w a s n o t a p p re

c i a te d fo r ma n y y ea r s but w hi c h w a s a d o p t ed in it s m a i n
,

fea t ur es n ea rly a c en t ury l a t er L a t er o n w hil e t he t a t l ers .

,

O f C a l c ut t a c r edi t ed h i m w i t h s t ri v i n g t o o v e rc o me t h e m en

t a l a n d phy s i c a l s t a g n a t i o n o f I n d ia n e x il e w i t h c a rd s a n d

w in e h e w a s in 1 7 7 5 dr a w i n g o ut a n d s en d i n
, g h o m e a l a n d
re v en ue s c h eme fo r t he pe r ma n en t s et t lem en t O f B e n g a l ,

w hi c h w a s i n a ll i t s es s en t i a l s c a rri ed o ut ei g h t een y ea rs

l a t er by L o rd C o r n w a ll is P o s t eri t y h a s el ec t ed t o a s s o
.

c i a t e w i t h t h e n a me O f t h a t G o v e r n o r G e n er a l t h e g r e a t -

r emedi a l mea s ur e w hi c h h a s s ec ured t h e pro s pe ri t y a n d

t h e h a ppi n es s O f t he p eo pl e O f B en g a l B ut t o P h i l i p .

F r a n c i s bel o n g s t h e c r edi t o f i t s c o n c ep t i o n a n d it s e a rl i e s t
O fii c ia l a d v oc a c y
‘
.

Hi s g r ea t pp o n en t r ema i n ed a t th e h ea d O f t he Go v e rn
O

men t un t il Feb r ua ry 1 785 Th e v i c t o ry w a s a t l a s t h i s

,
.
,

w hi c h fo r S O l o n g h a d s eemed be y o n d h i s
g r a s p W i t h i n .

s peedi l y bec a me the bel l e of C a l c ut t a . A f t er th e f a mo us n i gh t o f

t he 8th M a rc h , 1 778, w hen F ra n c i s w as d i s c o vered i n her h o us e a t

A l i po re a t n i ght the d i a bl e a q ua t re i n t h e ho us e O f G F . . G ra n d ,

”
E sq , he p ut s i t i n
as h i s di a ry ) sh e w a s es t a bl i sh ed by he r p ro t e c

t ar a t Hoo gh l y , un de r a s p ec ie s o f c h ap ero n a
g b e
y L a d C h mbe rs
y a ,

I n D ec ember 1 780, . s he l e f t f o r E uro p e, a n d a f te r a n i n t e rva l o f

s i l en c e rea pp ea rs i n P a ris as the w i f e of Ta l l ey ra nd , w ho m sh e ma r
ri ed in 1 802 . S h e d i ed in 1 835 a nd l i es i n a na mel ess gra ve i n th e

M o n t p a rn a s se met erv
ce .
a d o p t ed it . His a bs en c e up c o un t ry did n o t a ll o w O f
-

h is l a yi n g t h e fo un d a ti o n s t o n e i n t h e A pril fo ll o w i n g
t he d a t e O f t hi s l et t er but h is ex e rti o n s w er e n o t fo rg o t t en ,

a n d t h e s t o n e fi t ly proc l a i ms fo r t h e i n fo r ma t i o n O f p o s t e ri ty

t h a t it w a s l a id un d er t he a us pi c es O f t he Ho n ble W a rre n ’

”
H a s t i n g s E s q uir e G o v ern o ur O f I n di a
, , .

It w as un d er the pi c es O f H a s t i n g s a l s o t h a t
a us ,

i n J a n ua ry o f t h e s a me y ea r t he A s i a t i c S oc i et y O f

B en g a l emba rk ed up o n it s h o n o ur a bl e c a r eer Th a t .

di s ti n g ui s h ed bo dy s a y s M a c a ul a y s el ec t ed h i m t o b e
I ,
, ,

it s fi r s t Pres id en t but w i t h e x c ell en t t a s t e a n d f ee l i n g

, ,

”
he d ec li n ed t he h o n o ur in fa v o ur o f S i r “ illia m J o n es
f
,

w h o h a d s uc c eed ed j o v i a l c a rd pl a yi n g Le M a i s tr e a s a
-

j ud g e o f t he S upr eme Co urt i n O c t o ber 1 783 He c o n ,

.

t en te d hi ms elf w i t h t h e o ffi c e O f P a t r o n a n d un t il h i s d ea th
,

i n 1 81 8 h is n a me re ma i n ed up o n t he S o c i et y s bo o k s Th e ’
.

M a h o meda n M o ul v i a n d t h e B r a h mi n P un di t w ho s t a n d
up o n e i t h e r s id e O f h is s t a t ue i n t he To w n H a ll a re i n d i c a
t i o n s t h a t h is i n t er es t i n t h e l a n g ua g es o f t he E a s t w a s n o t

s i mul a t ed . In P er s i a n a n d A r a bi c li t e ra t ur e he w a s a
r ec og n i z ed pro fic i en t : a n d a lth o ugh he h a d n o p er s o n a l
a c q ua i n t a n c e w i t h S a n s kri t h e w a s t h e fi r s t fo r ei g n r ul er
,

w h o o v erc a me t he j ea l o us di s t r us t O f t h e pri es t ly c a s t e

a n d i n d uc ed th e m t o r ev ea l t h e my s t e ri es o f H i n d o o t h e o

l ogy a n d j uri s pr ud en c e .

B ut H a s t i n g s p o s s es s es yet hi gh er c l a i ms up o n t he g ra
t i t ude O f C a l c ut t a t h a n ei t h er t h e O ld C a th ed r a l o r t h e

A s i a t i c S o c i et y c a n e x h a us t D uri n g t h e p eril o us c ri s i s
.

t hr o ug h w hi c h E n g l a n d h a d been p a s s i n fr m 1 7 70 t
g o o

1 785 t h e o n ly q ua rt er O f t he gl o be i n w hi c h s he h a d l o s t
,
 HA S TIN G S AN D F R A N C I S . 1 19

no thi ng w a s I n di a . H e r thi r t e e n c o l o n i e s i n A m e ri ca h ad

u
c t t h e m s e l v es a d rif t : S h e h a d b e e n c o m p e ll e d t o c e d e

M no ca a
i r n d F l o rid a a n d o th e r fr u it s O f h e r v i c t o ri e s i n

fo rmer w a r s . B ut n e i th er F o r t W illi a m n o r F o r t S t .

r
Geo ge h a d o e ne p d i t s g a t e s t o a h o s til e a r m y . T h os e

da ys o f h um ili a ti o n w ere o v er : a n d t he c r edit mus t be

w oh lly a w a rd e d h
to t e s kill a n d r e s o l u ti o n o f H a s ti n g s
.

The E n g li s h i n I n di a n e v e r a ll o w e d t h e m s e l v e s t o f o r g e t it
,

a n d h a d i t n o t bee n fo r t e h z e a l O f B u rk e a n d S h e rid a n a n d
l l
the ma ev o e n c e O f F a n c s r i t h e,
r e w a s n o r e w a rd h e m i g h t

no t h a v e c a mel i d fr o m h is c o u n t ry m e n a t h o m e . H e l e ft
Ca lc ut t a i n t he f ull bl a z e O f p op ul a ri t y . O n t h e da y o n

w hi c h he e d li v e er d up t h e k e y s o f O ffi c e , s a y s M a c a u l a y,

a c o r w d Of fri e n d s a n d a d m i r e r s f o r m e d a l a n e t o t h e

q ua y w h e re h e emba rk ed . A s ma n y mo re es c o rt ed h i m
d ow n t he ri v e r . He w o uld h a ve t a k en l ea v e O f h is
fri en d s a t D i a mo n d P o i n t ,
w e r ea d i n Ha rt ly H 0 145 3 , but
t h ey w o uld n o t h ea r O f s uc h a t hi n g — t h eir b ug ero s

( b u d g e r o w s ) w e re w ell s t o r ed w i t h p r ov i s i o n s a n d ev ery

req ui s i t e s o w ith pen d a n t s fl yi ng a n d ba n d s O f mus ic t o t he

, ,

las t m a n a n d i n s t rume n t t o be fo un d in C a l c ut t a t hey a t ,

”
t en d e d h i m t o S a w g er t he ex t remity O f t he ri v er
, . A
very d i ffe r e n t r ec ep t i o n w a s pr ep a ri n i E l d T h
g n n g a n . e

c urt a i n h a d o n ly r un g d o w n up o n t h e fi r s t a c t O f t h e dr a ma

w ith t he d is c o mfi t ure a n d d ep a r t ure O f F r a n c i s a n d w h en

H a s t i ng s l a n d ed a t Ply mo ut h in J un e 1 785 it w a s t o , ,

en d ur e t he s us p en s e a n d t h e c rus h i n g burd en o f a l o n
g
dra w n o ut i mpea c h men t
-
.
 C H A PTE R IX .

FR O M C O R N W A LLI S TO W E LL E S L E Y .

TH E s uc c es s o r O f H a s ti n g s i n t he o fli c e O f Go v e r n o r
G en er a l w a s Ch a rl es E a rl C o r n w a lli s w ho h a d a l r e a dy ,

pl a yed a pro mi n en t if n o t a gl o ri o us p a rt i n t he w a r O f
, ,

A me ri c a n I n d ep en d en c e a n d w a s a ft er w a rd s t o s up p ress
,

t h e I ri s h ri s i n g i n 1 7 98 B ut h e did n o t a rri v e i n C a l c ut ta
.

un t i l Sep t embe r ,
1 7 86 : a n d d uri n g t he t w en t y mo n t h s
w hi c h i mm edi a t ely fo ll o w ed t h e d ep a r t ur e O f H a s t i n g s ,

t h e g o v e r n men t w a s a d m i n i s te r ed by J o h n M a c ph er s o n ,

”
t he s en i o r m ember O f C o un c il a n d a t ypi c a l ,
N a bo b .

He h a d c o me o ut o ri g i n a lly t o M a d r a s i n 1 7 6 7 a s t he p ur s er
O f a n E a s t I n di a ma n a n d g a i n ed a d m i t t a n c e t o t h e C o m
,

p a n y s s e rv i c e a t Fo r t S t G e o r g e t h r.ee y ea r s l a t e r A t .

t a c hi n g hi ms el f t o W a l a J a h t h e N a bo b O f t h e C a r n a t i c
, ,

h e S h o ok t h e p a g o d a t r ee a t Ch ep a uk P a l a c e w i t h s uc h
-

s uc c es s t h a t w h en h e ret ur n ed t o E n gl a n d in 1 7 76 ,

he pro c eede d a t o n c e to p urc h a s e a s ea t i n P a rli a me n t .

I n 1 781 h e O bt a i n ed fr o m L o rd N o r t h t h e pl a c e i n C o un c il
r es i g n ed by B a r w ell a n d n o w fo un d hi ms elf i n h is fo r t i eth
y ea r i n o c c up a t i o n O f t h e c h a i r He f ully ex p ec t ed t he.

p er ma n en t a p po i n t men t but h a d t o r es t c o n te n t w i t h a
,

ba ro n et c y . Th e r ema i n i n g thi r t y t hr ee y ea r s O f hi s li fe
-

h e s p en t i n E n g l a n d w h er e he bec a me a c l o s e fri en d a n d
,

c o n fi d a n t O f t h e Pri n c e R e en t
g H e fi g ur e s. i n H ic ky s
’

G a z ett e a s The Th a n e a n d be i n g O f g r ea t s t a t ur e a n d O f
,

”
ra re bodily g ra c es ea r n ed a l s o t h e n i c k n a me o f t h e
,
1 22 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

a nd t he M a hr a tt a s , a nd t he mea s ur es Of i n t ern a l o rga

n iz a t io n w hi c h h a v e s ec ur ed h im f a me a s t he a ut h o r O f t he

P er ma n en t S ett l emen t a n d t h e c rea t o r O f a set t l ed a n d

i n t ell i g i bl e c ode O f c i v il a n d c ri mi n a l proc edure W i t h .

C a l c ut t a h is c o n ne c t i o n w a s n ec es s a rily fi t ful o w i n g ,

t o h is pro l o n g ed a bs en c e a t Fo r t S t G eo rg e d uri n g t h e
.

M y s o re c a m p a i g n . A n d i t mus t be c o n fes s ed t h a t h e d oe s
not s ee m t o h a v e l o v ed he r o v e r muc h .He w ri t e s t o
h is s o n L o rd B ro me a t E t o n t h a t li fe i n t h e Ci t y O f P a l a ces
w a s mer e c l oc k w o rk . I g et o n h o rs eba c k j us t a s t h e
d a w n O f d a y beg i n s t o a pp ea r rid e o n t h e s a me r o a d a n d
,

t h e s a me di s t a n c e ; p a s s t h e w h o l e f o ren oo n a f t e r my r e t urn

f ro m ridi n g i n d o i n g bus i n es s a n d a l mo s t ex a c t ly t he s a m e
p o r t i o n o f t i me ev ery da y a t t a bl e ; d ri v e o ut i n a ph aet o n a
li t t l e be fo re s un s et t h en w ri t e o r rea d o v er l et t e r s o r
,

p a p e r s o n b us i n e s s fo r t w o h o ur s ; S it d o w n a t n i n e w i t h
t w o o r t hree o fli c ers O f my fa mily t o s o me f r ui t a n d a h i s

c ui t a n d g o t o bed s o o n a ft e r t h e c l oc k s t ri k es t en . I
d o n t t hi n k t h e g rea t es t s a p a t E t o n c a n l ea d a d ull e r li f e
’

t h a n t hi s . B ut t h o ug h C a l c ut t a ma y h a v e s ee med a
S l eepy H o ll o w t o C o r n w a lli s he did n o t fa il i n h is d uty b y
,

he r . It i s o n r e c o rd t h a t h e pr e s id ed o v e r t h e fi r s t v es t ry

meet i n g o f t h e n ew c h urc h O f S t J o h n i n 1 7 87 a n d he w a s
.
,

pr es en t i n s t a te a t t he fo r ma l c o n s ec r a t i o n O f t he bui ldi n g
in J un e O f t h a t y ea r . The mi n ut es t ell us f ur t h e r O f tw o

h a n d s o me w i n dfa ll s w hi c h a c c r ued t o t h e Ch urc h un d e r t h e

f a v o ur o f L o rd C o r n w a lli s ,
i n t h e S h a p e O f t h e pro c eeds
o f c er t a i n c o n fi s c a t ed
g o o d s a n d O f t h e m e l t i n
g O f c e r t a i n

b ulli o n bel o n g i n g t o a S t a t e p a v il i o n w hi c h h a d been de

s t ro y ed by fi re I n t he n o rt h g a ll ery O f S t J o h n s Ch urc h
’
. .

t h er e s t a n d s t o t hi s d a y a bus t O f t h e G o v er n o r Ge n er a l -
 FR O M C O RN W A LL I S TO W E LL E S L E Y . 1 23

bea ri ng i n s c rip t i o n w hi c h t es t i fi es t o h is c l o s e a s s o
an

c ia t ion w i t h t h e f o un d a t i o n a n d c o n s ec r a t i o n O f t h e O ld

C a t hedr a l .

The ad mi n i s t r a t i o n O f Lo rd C o r n w a lli s w i t n es s ed a l s o
t he di s a pp ea r a n c e o f o n e O f C a l c ut t a s mo s t pro mi n en t
’

l a n d ma rk s F ro m t he d a t e O f t h ei r a rri v a l i n 1 7 7 5 t he
.
,

J gu d e s o f t h e S upr e m e C o ur t h a d S a t i n t h e O ld C o u rt
H o us e w hi c h s t o od a t t he foo t o f t he s t r eet o f t h a t n a me
o n t he s i t e O f S t A n drew s Ki rk
. W o od s ma p o f 1 7 84
’
.
’

s h o w s h o w ev e r t h a t t h ei r L o rd s hip s h a d m i r a t ed b t h a t
, , g y
y e a r t o t h e N ew C o ur t H o us e o n t h e w e s t er n E s pl a n a d e

o n t he s po t n o w o c c upie d by t h e Hi g h C o ur t : a n d t h e

O ld C o ur t H o us e w a s fi n a lly p ull ed d o w n i n 1 792 Ma ny .

w e r e t h e memo ri e s s ur ro un di n g t h e v a n i s h ed buildi n g .

A s ia t ic us w ri t i n g in 1 802 t r a c es it s o rig i n t o t h e li bera l

, ,

i t y o f R o ber t B o urc h ier s ec o n d i n C o un c il a t F o r t w i l

,

l i a m a n d M a s t e r A t t en d a n t O f t h e Po r t i n 1 7 31 a n d l a t er , ,

fro m 1 7 50 t o 1 7 60 G o v ern o r o f B o mba y w ho g a v e it t o

, ,

t h e C o m p a n y t o be us ed fo r a c h a ri t y s c h oo l An o t h er .

t ra d i t io n ,pres er v ed in t he mi n ut es O f S t J o h n s V es try .
’

a s l a t e a s 1 7 87 c o n n ec t ed i t w i t h t he n a me O f O mic h a n d
, ,

a n d c re d it ed t h e fa mo us S ikh m illi o n a ire w i t h beq uea thi n g

i t s re n t t o t he c ha ri t v fun d w hi c h s upp o rt ed a n d ed uc a t ed
,

t h e c hild r en O f B ri t i s h s ubj ec t s i n i n di g en t c i rc ums t a n c es

a nd w a s t h e p a r en t o f t he F r ee S c h oo l o f t o da y B ut -
.

O m i c h a n d di ed i n 1 7 63 a n d t h e l et te r s O f G er v a s B ell a my
, ,

t h e g a l l a n t O ld c h a pl a i n w ho p eri s h ed i n t he B l a c k H o le ,

p r o v e t h a t t h e h o u s e h a d be e n b u il t b y p ub li c s u b
s c r i p t i o n t hir t y y ea r s befo r e E rec t ed in t he fi rs t i n s t a n c e
.

t o s e rv e a s a c h a ri t y s c h oo l it c ert a i n ly w a s : b ut it w a s
1 24 CA L C UTTA O LD AN D N EW .

ren te d a t a n ea rly s t a g e O f i t s ex i s t en c e by t h e a ut h o ri t i es
O f t h e M a y o r s C o ur t w hi c h w a s es t a bli s h ed b
'

, y s t a t ut e in

1 7 27 : a n d i n W ill s M a p d r a w n i n 1 7 53 i t fi ur es un d er
’

, g ,

”
t h e fa mili a r n a me o f t h e C o ur t H o us e H e r e fo r a .

q ua r t er O f a c e n t ury t h e pr ed ec es s o r s O f Imp ey a n d Hyde

a d m i n i s t er ed j us t i c e t he M a y o r s i t t i n g in full O fli c i a l d res s

o n a v el v e t c us hi o n a n d t h e n i n e Ald e r men a rr a ye d i n a ll
,

t he g l o ry o f red t a fl et
y g o w ns O r m e w ri t i n g
. o f i t i
,
n

1 7 56 d e s c ri bes i t a s
, a ve ry s p a c i o us h o us e O f o n e fl oo r
”
i n w hi c h t he M a y o r s C o urt a n d a s s i z es us ed t o be h eld
’
.

I f t hi s d es c rip t i o n is c o rr ec t i t mus t h a v e been rebuil t a ft e r

,

”
t he Tro ubl es . F o r a n e x c ell en t repr es e n t a t i o n o f t he
H o us e a s it a pp ea red i n 1 786 ma y be s ee n a mo n g Th o ma s
, ,

D a n i ell s V ie w s a n d it i s t h ere pi c t ur ed a s a fi n e tw o
’
,

s t o r ey ed b uildi n g w i t h a p o r t i c o r un n i n g a l o n g it s w h o l e

l en g t h a n d s ur mo un t ed by a w id e v er a n d a h The l o w e r .

fl o o r w a s us ed a s t h e C o ur t ro o m O f t he upp er fl o o r -
.
,

S t a v o ri n us t h e D ut c h Ad m i r a l w h o v i s i t ed C a l c ut t a i n
,

1 7 7 0 h a s l e ft a d e s c rip t i o n
,
O v er t h e C o urt H o us e a re
t w o h a n d s o me a s s e mbly r oo m s I n o n e O f t h es e a re h un g
.

up t h e po r t ra i t s O f t he Ki n g O f F r a n c e a n d O f t he l a t e
Q ueen a s l a rge a s l ife w h i c h w e re br o ugh t up by t h e
, ,

E n g li s h f r o m Ch a n d e r n a g o r e w h en t h ey t o o k t he pl a c e
,
.

Th ere is n o m en t i o n it w ill be n o t i c ed O f t h e bus t s O f t h e

, ,

Tw el v e C ae s a r s w hi c h a l s o w e re a t o n e t i me a mo n g t h e
,

o r n a men t s o f t h e C o urt H o us e As s e mbly R o o m a n d h a v e ,

a c c o mp a n i ed t he pi c t ure s t o G o v e r n me n t H o us e Th ey .

mus t be O f l a t e r d a t e i f t h e g en er a lly a c c ep t ed ex pl a n a
,

t i o n O f t h eir pre s en c e i n C a l c ut t a be c o rr ec t w hi c h dec l a res ,

t h em t o h a v e be e n a pr es en t fro m t h e F r en c h Ki n g t o t h e

N i za m O f Hyd era ba d a n d t o h a v e been c a pt ured o n t h e

,
 1 26 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

b r o ug h t in t ri umph fro m
r ill es t o P a ri s d et er mi n ed
V e sa ,

t h a t t h ey w o uld n o t be behi n d t i me a n d t oo k
, t h ei r

G o v er no r by f o rc e fr o m h is en t r en c h men t a n d s h ut h i m up
i n t he j a il a t Ch a n d e r n a go re w i t h a ll h is O ffi c er s .

I t ma y be i ma g i n ed t h a t t hi s s t a t e O f a n a rc hy did n o t
fa il t o ex c i t e t he li v e li es t a n x ie t y a t C a l c ut t a Lo rd Co r n
.

w a lli s s en t a d ema n d fo r t h e i n s t a n t r el ea s e O f D e M o n

ti gn y . Th e d efi a n t s a n s c ul o t t es d et erred o n ly fro m re
,

a t i n g t h e S ep t ember m a s s a c r es by t h e f ea r O f t h e n ei g h
p e

ho a ri ng N a bo b w h o m M a d a me la R ép ubliq ue c o uld n o t
a ff o rd t o O ffe n d ,
l o a d ed t h eir pri s o n er s w i t h c h a i n s a n d
s e n t t h em d o w n t h e ri v e r i n a pil o t bri g fo r c o n v ey a n ce

t o t h e I s l e O f F r a n ce . Th e Go v ern o r Gene r a l s t o p ped

-

th e v es s el a s it p a s s ed F o r t \ V il li a m a n d r e l ea se d t he
c a p t i v es
. Ch a n d er n a go re mea n w hil e c o n t i n ued in a per
p e t u a l s t a t e O f f e r m e nt . A n ew Pr e s id e n t w a s el ec t ed

ev ery fo r t n i g h t ,
a n d a d es c e n t up o n t h e ba z a r s O f Chi n

s ur a h a n d ev e n o f C a l c ut t a w a s t hr ea t en ed r ep ea t edl y .

I t bec a me n ec es s a ry t o e n d t h e rei g n O f t e rro r a nd o n

t h e br ea ki n g o ut O f h o s t ili t i es be t w een E n g l a n d a n d Fr a n ce

i n 1 7 9 3 a d et a c h me n t o f B ri t i s h t ro o p s ma rc h ed i n to
,

Ch a n d er n a go re Fo r t h e n ex t tw en t y t w o y ea r s t he U ni o n
.
-

J a c k fl o a t ed o v er t h e s p o t upo n w hi c h D upl ei x ha d drea med

O f f o un di n n E a s te r n P a ri s : a n d i t w a s n o t un t il 1 81 6
g a

t h a t t h e S e t t l e me n t w a s h a n d ed ba c k t o t h e r epr e s e n t a t i ves

O f Ki n L o u i t h E i h t t h T h e g l o ry o f t h e Set t l e
g s e g ee n .

men t w a s n o w fi n a lly d ep a r t ed : a n d fo r n ea rly a c en t ury

a n a d m i n i s t r a t eur a n d t w en t y fi v e c i a h i s h a v e r e pr es en ted
p
-

t he o n ly re m n a n t s O f F ren c h p o w e r l e ft i n B en g a l .

Lo rd C o r n w a ll i s re s i g n ed i n 1 79 3, a nd w a s fo ll ow ed by
 FR O M C O R N W A LL I S TO W E LL E S L E Y . 1 27

S ir J ohn S h o re, Ci v ili a n O f l o n g s t a n di n g a n d

a B en g a l
i n teg ri t y a nd a ,
rec ogn i z ed ex pe rt in r ev e n ue ma t t ers ,

w ho w a s a few mo n t h s befo re h i s r et ir emen t i n 1 7 98 e le

, ,

v a t ed to t he I ri s h p ee r a g e a s L o rd Tei g n mo ut h *
.

An i m po rt a n t s t a g e i n t he hi s t o ry O f C a l c ut t a w a s r ea c h ed
in t he y ea r a f t er h is a s s ump t i o n O f t he rei n s O f g o v e r n
men t Th e t i me h o n o ur ed O ffi c e o f Z em i n d a r w h i c h h a d
.
-
,

fo r s e v en t y y ea rs been c h a rg ed w i t h t he c a r e O f p ubli c

o rd e r c o n v e n i e n c e a n d h ea l t h
, n o t o n ly in C a l c ut t a but
,

in t h e s ubur bs w a s r eli ev ed O f i t s mun i c ip a l a ut h o ri t y i n

,

1 7 94 J us t i c es O f t he P ea c e w er e a pp o i n t ed un d er a
.

s t a t ut e O f Ki n g G eo rge t h e Thi rd a n d en t r us t ed w i t h t he

ma n a g emen t O f t h e To w n In t h e n ex t y ea r t h e fi r s t reg u
.

la r a s s es s men t w a s m a d e a n d a s y s t em O f o rga n i s ed mun i

,

c ip a l g o v e r n me n t w a s fo r t h e fi r s t t i me a t t e mp t ed .

By h er pro v i s i o n O f t he s a me s t a t ut e t h e d uty w a s
a not ,

e n j o i n ed O f a c c ur a t ely d efi n i ng t h e bo un d a ry bet w e en t he

T o w n pr o p e r a n d t he s ub ur bs a n d by a pr o c l a ma t i o n d a t ed
t h e l ot h S ep t e mber 1 7 94 t h e li n es O f dem a rc a t i o n w er e
, ,

Sho re was an i n t ima te f ri en d Of Wa rren Ha s t in gs , w ho ad

d re s sed to h i m Of in i mi t a t io n Of th e m d iv a s of
’

a s et v ers es ot zu

H o ra c e . Th e s t an za s , w h i ch w e re w ri t ten d uri n g Ha s t i n gs
’
la st
vo
y a
ge to E n gl a n d i n 1 7 85, a re Of an i n d i ff e re n t o rd e r : but on e

o f t hem w i ll bea r q uo t a t io n f rom t h e p erso n a l n o te it s t rikes

N O f ea rs hi s pea c e of mi n d a n no
y
Les t p rin t e d l i es h i s f a me dest roy ,
Wh ich l a b our d yea rs ha ve w on
’

N or p a ck
’
d co mmi t tees b rea k hi s rest
N o r a v a ri c e sen d s hi m f o rt h in u
q st
e

mes ben ea t h t he ”
Of c li sun .
 1 28 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N ew .

la id d ow n . The li m i t Of C a l c ut t a On t h e w es t w a s dec l a r v

ed to be a li n e dr aw n at lo w w a t er ma rk
a lon
g t h e-
w e s t e rn

s id e o f t h e H o og hly ri v e r but ex c l udi n g t h e g h a ut s o f

,

”
R a mk i s s e n p o re H o w ra h a n d S ulke a
, a nd ex t en di ng ,

as fa r a s t h e b r o o k c a ll ed C h i t p o re N ull a h o r B a g
”
B a z a r N ull a h w hi c h fo rm ed t h e n o r t h er n bo un d a ry
, .

O n t he ea s t t h e di v idi n g
, li n e w a s pro v id ed by t he
M a h ra t t a D i t c h a n d t he L o w er Ci rc ul a r R o a d o r a s it w a s , ,

t h en c a ll ed t h e B o y t a c o n n a h R o a d a s fa r a s t he t ur n i n g
, ,

“
i n t o B a llyg un g e Circ ul a r R o a d t h e reby i n c l udi n g t h e P ro
,

tes t a n t buryi n g g r o un d C h o w rin g hee a n d t he la n d t h er et o

-
, ,

”
b el o n g i n g t o D h ee B irj ee w hi c h i s t he di s t ri c t lyi n g
,

bet w een P a rk S t reet a n d Th ea t r e R o a d C h o w ri n g h ee ,

be i n g t o t h e n o r t h O f i t The s o ut he r n bo un d a ry beg a n
.

fro m t he po i n t i n t h e B o y t a c o n n a h R o a d w h ere t h e ea s t ern ,

bo un d a ry en d ed a n d ra n a lo n g t h a t ro a d s ki rt i n g B i rjee
,

t a l a O t h e g r ea t t a n k n e a r t h e C a t h ed r a l o f t o da y a n d t he
,
-
,

Pr es id en c y J a il but ex c l udi n g t he G en er a l H o s pi t a l a n d
,

"
D hee B o w a n ipo re un t il Alip o r e o r B el v ed e r e B rid ge
,

w a s re a c h ed w h en i t f o ll o w ed t h e s out h e r n ba n k O f To l ly s
’

N ull a h t o t h e ri v er p a s t S urma n s B rid g e w hi c h w e h a v e

’

un g r a t efully n a med Kidd e rp o re B rid g e O ut s id e t h es e .

”
bo un d a rie s la y t h e S ubur bs ma d e up o f t he P a n c h a n n a
,

g r a m o r fi f t y fi v e v ill a
-
g e s w hi c h l a y b e y o n d t h e D i t c h a nd ,

h a d be en a dd ed t o C a l c utt a o ut o f t he Tw e n t y fo ur P er -

u n n a h s g r a n t ed by M ee r J a ff e r i n 1 7 57 F o r r ev e n ue p ur
g .

p o s es t h ey fo r med p a rt O f C a l c ut t a but th eir l eg a l ex i s t en c e ,

w a s s ep a r a te a n d di s ti n c t Th e bo un d a ri es O f t h e t o w n
. ,

a s l a id d o w n by t hi s P ro c l a ma t i o n h a v e re ma i n ed in fo rce ,

ev er s i n ce a s t h e li m i t s O f t h e j uri s d i c t i o n fi rs t o f t h e O ld ,

S up reme C o ur t a n d f ro m 1 86 2 o f t h e o ri gi n a l S id e O f
, , ,
 C A L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

bea r s h
t e pp r ri a t e n a m e O f C o rk s c r e w L a n e N e i th e r
a o p .

t he E en G d a rd e n s n o r B a b o o G h a u t a r e i n e x i s t e n c e a
, n d

t he M a id an i s s tr a n g e ly t r ee l es s . B u t o n t h e s o ut h o f
E p s l a n a d e R o w i s t h e E s p l a n a d e,
a w id e e x p a n se O f g r a s s

s tr etc hi n g t o t he n ew Fo rt a n d a f a v o urit e p ro men a d e Of

”
e l eg a n t w a l ki ng pa rti es O n moo n li g ht ev en i ng s . B et w een
C ha n dpa ul G h a ut a n d C o l v i n s Gh a ut t h en ca ll ed C uc h a
’
,

g o o dy G h a u t fr
, o m t h e f a c t th a t c o u n t ry bo a t s w ere us ed

t o be h a ul ed U p o n t h e ba n k s O f t he n ei g h bo uri n g c r eek ,

i s K i n g s B en c h VVaIk w ith a row O f trees s ep a ra ti n g it

’

fro m t he ri v erba n k Thi s w a s a l s o a f a s h io n a bl e r es o rt

.
,

a n d w a s ex c l us i v ely res erv ed fo r t h e E ng li s h i n h a bi ta n ts

fro m 5 t o 8 o c l oc k ev ery ev en i n g s en tri es bei ng po s ted

’
,

n ea r t h e s l ui c e bridg e -
t o p r ev en t t he en tr a n c e o f

n a ti v es O ld C o urt Ho us e S treet c ut s E s pl a n a d e R o w a t
.

r ig ht a n g l es th en , a s it s til l d oes a n d it s p ro l o ng a tio n

,

a c ro s s t h e M a id a n t o K idde rp o re B ridge pa s t t he n ew Fo rt
i s c l ea rly v i s i bl e The R ed R o a d h a s n o t c ome i n t o ex i s t
.

”
e n c e a s a n a me an d ,
Th e C o urs e i s i n di ca ted a s occu

py g i n t h e s i t e O f t h e R a c e C -
o u r s e t o t h e w es t o f t h e J a i l
.

The ri v er is s h o w n fl ow i ng c l os e up t o t h e w a l l s o f the
Fo rt . A fl o uri s hi n g i n d us try w a s be i ng c a rri ed o n a t
Kidd erpo re a t C o lo n el W a t s o n s s hi p buildi ng y a rd w hich
’
-
,

w a s j us t o ut s id e t he li mit s O f t he t o w n O f C a l c utt a . B ury

i n g g ro un d R o a d w hi c h w e h a v e mo r e eup h o n i o usl
y
-
,

t er med P a rk S treet c o n n ec t s C ho w ri nghee R oa d w ith

,

t h e E n g li s h buryi n g g ro un d o n t h e ed ge O f L o w er Ci rc ula r
-

’
R o a d a n d t he a dj o i n i n g S h o rt s B az a r w hi c h s urv i v es t o,

d a y i h S h o rt S tr eet At it s j un c t i o n w ith C ho w ri nghee

.

R o a d i t i s c o n ti n ued pa s t t h e
,
N ew Ta n k , w h i ch s till

ex i s t s t o meet t he R o a d a c ro s s t he M a id a n t o K idder ore

,
p ,
 FR O M C O RN W A LL I S TO W E LL E S L E Y . 1 31

’
at t he i t w h ere Lo rd B ufferi n s s ta t ue n ow s ta n d s
p o n .

Sir R o bert Ch a mbers is n o w Chi ef J us ti ce : but Impey s

’

ma n s i o n w i th i ts w ood ed Pa rk o n t he s it e of t h e C o m
A i l
’
rd f Q d ti l i
’
p y
a n s g a en O uee n n n e s a y s s a co n s p c uo us

fea t ure o n t he s out her n s id e o f B uryi ng gro un d R oa d -

,

a mi d t h e gen er a l a bs enc e O f tr ees o n t he M a i d a n w hi ch

o btrud es it s elf s o fo rc i bly upo n t h e mo der n O bserv er .

Th e w es t en d ra pi dly c o mi ng i n t o ex i s t en c e
is .

Ca rn a c S treet R us sell S treet M iddl eto n S treet Ha ring t o n

, , ,

St reet a n d Th ea tre R oa d a re a ll d epi c ted , but un n a med

, , .

Bot h s id es o f Ci rc ul a r R o a d a re s t udd ed w ith h o us es ,

an d a mo s t r ema rk a bl e a lt er a ti o n is n o ticea bl e a l o ng
Cho w ri n g h ee R o a d Thi s th o ro ug hf a r e s i ng ul a rly en o ugh
.
, ,

bea rs n o d es i gn a ti o n i n U pj o h n s ma p , a n d t he r ea s o n
’

is n o t f a r t o s eek C h o w ring hee is i n r ea lity th e n a me

.

of a l oca l ity o r v ill a ge a n d d en o tes pro perly Th e

”
Sq ua re bo un d ed by Go l in ga o n t h e n o rth by P a rk S t reet
, ,

on t he s o ut h by C i rc ul a r R o a d o n t he ea s t , a n d by t he
,

Ma ida n o n t he w es t In C olo n el M a rk W o od s ma p O f
’
.

1 784 t hi s i s ma d e q ui t e pl a i n by t he ma rki ng o f th a t
,

pa rt O f t he ex is ti ng C how rin gh ee ro a d fro m D h urrum

t Olla to P a rk S treet as th e R oa d t o C ho w rin ghy Th e .

q u a rt er w as th e n q ui t e o u t O f t o w n ,
a n d it s h o uses w er e
” ”
call ed c o un try h o us es An d a s l a tely a s 1 852, t he re
.

w as a l i v e a n O ld l a dy in C a lc utt a M rs E ll ert o n t h e fri en d

, .
,

of Bi s ho p W il s on , w ho w as a bl e t o a s s ur e the R ev Mr . .

Long t h a t S he
,
rec o ll ec ted w h en t h ere w ere o n ly t w o

hous es i n C ha uringi Her s ta t emen t fi n d s corrobo r a t i o n

.

in a ma p O f C a l c utt a d ra w n i n 1 7 57 in w hi c h th ere a re o n ly
a co u l e o f h o us es s h o w n i n w h a t w e k n o w a s C how rin gh ee
p
 1 32 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

R o a d , t he on e a t t he co r n er Of D h urrumt olla h a nd en

t ered fro m tha t s treet t he o th er a little di s ta n c e f ro m it ,

,

w i t h a n en t ra n c e fa c i n g th e M a i d a n For M rs E ll erton
. .

t o h a v e s een th em , t h es e h o us es mus t h a v e c on ti n ued in

i s ol a ti o n un til t he l a s t t w en t y fi v e o r th i rty yea rs o f the
-

c en t ury . By t he ti me a t w hi c h w e h a v e n ow a rri v ed.

h o w ev er a co mpl ete t r a n s fo r ma ti o n ha d ta k en p l a ce
,
.

B etw een C o rpo ra tio n S treet o r J a un Ba z a r R o a d a s it w as

, ,

th en ca ll ed a n d Pa rk S tr eet fo rty E uro pea n res iden c es

, , ,

mo s tl y w ith l a rge c o mpo un ds a re d ep i c ted in U pj o h n s

’
,

M a p in C oling a h a n d C ho uri n ghy a n d a n eq ua l n um ber

ma y be coun t ed in D h ee B irj ee t he q ua rter i mmedia t ely ,

s o uth O f P a rk S treet The c a re w i t h w hi c h thi s n ew E u

.

rO p ea n q ua rt er h a s been ma pp ed o ut i s a pp a ren t , In .

”
th i s pa rt o f th e t ow n n o t es M r B eve rl ey i n h is ce n s us
, .

repo rt fo r 1 876 , t he s treet s a re l a id o ut w ith

p er f e c t re

g u l a ri t
, y v e ry di ff e r en t fr o m t h e res t o f t he t ow n w hich ,

pres en t s a n etw o rk o f l a n es a n d by e l a nes t he i rr egula rity -

,

o f w hi c h s ho w s th a t th ey a ros e s s ly o ut o f the
q
n ec es s ity o f t he ti mes w i t h o ut a n r rd t ub l i
y eg a o p c c on

v en ien c e a n d a pa re n tl w ith u t t h li ht t t rol on

p y o e s g e s co n
”
t he p a rt o f t he a utho ri t i es .

In t h e c en tre C a l c utt a th ere is muc h t o p uz z le

of O ld
t he v i s it o r O f t o d a y
-
Th er e is n o B a n k o f Beng a l o n the
.

S tr a n d Ro a d : it c o mme n c ed it s c a r eer in 1 806 a s the

Go ver n men t B a n k o f C a l c ut t a a n d did n o t rec ei v e it s
,

c h a rt er a n d p res en t n a me un til 1 809 w h en Lo rd M i n to ,

h a d been G o ve rn o r G en e ra l fo r t w o y ea rs
-
The Mi n t .

s t a n d s in Ch urc h La n e O ppo s i t e S t J o h n s Ch urc h

'
o n the
.
,

s i t e o f t he S t a ti o n ery O ffic e w h ere G ill et s s hi ild ’

, p b u -
1 34 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D N E W .

T ro ubl es t oget h er w ith t h e l a n d i n t erven ing

t he s it e,

betw een it a n d t h e O ld C o urt H o us e rema i n ed w a s t e : ,

a n d i n 1 7 76 it w a s c o n v ey ed by t he C o un c il t o Th o ma s

Lyo n s The fr uit O f t he tra n s a c ti o n ma y be se en in

.

W ri t ers B uil di n gs p i c t ur ed by D a n i el ] in 1 780 a s a l ong

’
,

t hr ee s t o rie d bun g a l o w O f t h e pl a i n es t po s s i bl e c o n s t ruo

-

ti o n a n d in Ly o n s R a n ge w hi c h is i mmedi a t el y i n rea r
,
’

o f th em O n t h e s o uth s id e o f t he S q ua r e s t oo d a li t t le
.

l a ter L o rd W ell es ley s s h o rt l i v ed C o ll eg e fo r t he

’
-

C o mp a n y s n ew ly a rri v ed w ri t ers w hi c h w a s i n t en d ed t o
’
-
,

ma k e t he es t a bli s h men t o f H a il ey bury un n ec es s a ry but ,

w hi c h c l os ed it s d o o r s i n 1 828 a f t er a life th a t beg a n w i t h

t h e c en t ury At t h e w es te rn en d o f Ly o n s R a n ge i s t he
.
’

Th ea t r e w h er e t he d oo r keeper s a re E uro pea n s fo r

,
-
the ,

bl a c k p eo pl e in a n o ffi c e O f t h a t n a t ur e w o uld h a v e n o
, ,

a ut h o ri t y w ith t he p ubli c a n d Thea tre S t re et

, n ow ,

merged in N ew Chi n a B a z a r S t reet A l o n g t he ri v er .

ba n k t h e a tt en t i o n is a rres t ed by t h e l a rge n um be r o f
,

g h a ut s T
. h e r e a re n o l es s th a n t hirty s i x o f t h e m be -

t w een C ha n dpa ul G h a ut t h e s o uth er n mo s t,

and O ld ,

P ow der M ill Gh a ut in th e ex t reme n o rt h ; s o me li ke t he

, ,

l a s t n a me d w i t h it s memo ri es o f Pe rri n s R ed o ubt a n d ’

C o l o n el Sc o t t s ma ga z i n e rec a ll t he pa s t ; o th er s a re
’
,

n a med a ft er i n di v id ua l s E n g li s h a n d I n di a n
, a n d on e ,

a ft er a l a dy M rs R o s s
, . .

The purely I n di a n q ua r t er O f th e t o w n , a s s h o w n i n t h es e
ma ps , is t hi c kly pO pula t edL R a j a h N ubk is s en , w ho ha d
di ed in 1 7 9 1 at t he a g e O f 66 , is t he on ly I n di a n w ho s e

na me t dss an a fli x ed to a ny buildi n g . His ho me on t he

r o a d l ea di n g to S h a mba z a r a n d Ha l s ibag a n is th e id en ti ca l
 FR O M C O R N W A LL I S TO W E LL E S LE Y . 1 35

N a ra ya n D eb in v ery rec en t yea rs . B eyo n d t he M a h ra tt a

D itc h a n d t he C hit po re Creek a n d a l m os t opp it o s e S u l k e a ,
,

w a s the p a la c e o f a n o th e r I n di a n di g n it a ry T h e Chit
.

o re N a w a b , M a h o med R ez a K h a , n w a s o n c e N a i b S u b a -

p
da r a n d N a i b N a z i m O f B eng l a w ith p r,
s u e m e c o n tr l
o o v e r
t h e rev en ues a n d po li c e o f th e p r o v i n c e A ft r
e
. h i s d e pri v a

h rity W r H ti i 1 7 7 2 d h i
'

t io n O f a ut o by a r e n a s n g s n a n s
,

ac q uitta l O f t he c h a rges br o ug ht a g i a n s t h i m b y N u n c o m a r ,

he l i v ed he r e i n g r ea t s t a t e T h t
. a w e l l i f r d y
n o m e - o u n g
"
la d y the a uth o res s o f
,
H a rtly H o us e, el ev a t es h im to
t h e h eig ht O f V i c ero y t o th e M g l o u i n li k,
e m a n n e w
r i h t

u r L o rd Li eu t n a n t o f I r ela n d a n d t he r ep res en t a ti v e
y o e ,
”
o f hi s mo s t s ub li m e m a s t e r .T h e c o m m a n di n g o ffi ce r O f

h i s g u a r d w . hi c h c o n s i s t ed o f a w h o le b a tt a li o n o f b l a c k
t ro o p s w a s a n E n g li s h ma n t he
, ,
y o un ger b ro th er o f a n
en n o ble d f a mily ,
w ho p a id R s . a c q uir ed in thi s

w o rld o f w ea lth , fo r t he a pp o i n t men t The buildi ng s

.

a n d g a rd en s w er e s ump t uo us ly furn i s h ed a n d l ai d o ut i n

E n g l i s h s t yl e . The ex t eri o r o f C h it po re in s o me deg ree

”
be s p ea k s t he g r a n d eur o f i t s o w n er c o n ti n ues M i s s
,

S o p h i a G o ldbo rn e , but I a m a pp ri s ed t h a t few thi n gs

ex c eed t h e ma g n i fic en c e o f it s i n t erio r a rc hi t ec t ure a n d

o rn a men t s . Th e a p a rt men t s a re i mmen s e t he ba th s ele ,

g a nt ,a n d t h e s er a g li o , th o u g h a pri v a t e o n e s u it e d ,
i n

ev ery p a rti c ul a r t o t h e r es t o f t h e buildi n g : n o r mus t the

r d b e u n men t i o n ed fo r th ey n o t o n ly cov er a w id e ex
g a en s ,

t en t O f g r o un d but a re f urn i s h ed w ith a ll t he bea uti es a n d

e r f u m e s Of t h e v eg et a bl e ki n g d o m T h e C h it p o re
p .

N a w a b a s he w a s s t yl ed li ved o n t erms o f i n ti ma c y w it h
, ,

the w r f t h d n d w a s a cc o un t ed by t h em a
po e s O e a y a
 1 36 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

p er s o n a ge o f t he fi rs t ra n k The fo rei gn Go ve r n o r s .

D a n i s h F ren c h a n d D ut c h—c n t h ei r v i s it s t o C al c ut t a fro m

,

S era mp o r e Ch a n d er n a g o re a n d Chi n s ur a h ma d e it the

, ,

r a ti t h lt t C h i t r w h r d u t a ti n rec e i v ed
p c c e o a a p o e e e a ep ,
o

th em a n d t h ey t h en ro d e i n s t a t e t o Gover nme n t H o use

, ,

mo un t ed o n t he N a w a b s s pl en did el eph a n t a n d a t t en ded

’

by h is g ua rd O f h o n o ur - -
.

It w as perh a p s j us t a s w ell fo r t he o w n er o f t h e gl o ri es
o f C h it po re t h a t t h ey w e r e di s l a y ed a t a di s t a n c e O f s o me
p
fo ur m il es fro m Fo rt W illi a m F o r in t he mo n th o f M a y .
,

1 798 t he O ffi c e o f Go v ern o r Gen era l w a s a s s umed by

,
-

R i c h a r d E a rl o f M o r n i n gt o n a n d M a rq ues s W el l es l ey
,
.

Th e A kba r o f t he C o mp a n y s dy n a s ty w a s n o t th e m a n
’

t o t o l er a t e t w o ki n g s i n B r en tfo rd a n d i f h e n eg l ec t ed t o

r ea p t he fi eld c l o se a t h a n d it w a s bec a us e h is s c y t h e w a s
,

bus y d uri n g t he s ev e n y ea r s O f h is r ul e w i t h t he t a ll er
i t h a t r a r ed t h ei r h ea d s o ut s id e t h e c o n fi n es of
p pp
O e s e

B riti s h t erri t o ry Ho w n a rro w w ere t h e li m i t s o f B e n gal

.

a s h e f o un d t h e m t w o ex a mpl es w ill s e rv e t o d emo n s tra t e

, .

W h en R i c h mo n d Th a c k era y t he n o v eli s t s fa t h er w a s
,
’

p os t ed i n 1 800 a s A s s i s t a n t t o t h e Chi ef O f M id n a po re ,

t h e M a hr a t t a s w ere s t ill i n p os s es s i o n o f O ri s s a The .

C o mp a n y s fa c t o ry o n t he fro n ti er w a s t he s c en e o f ma n y
’

”
an a c t O f v i o l en c e a nd d epred a t i o n a n d it w a s n ot ,

un til 1 803 th a t C ut t a c k a n d B a l a s o r e w ere a n n ex e d by

W ell es ley t o B ri t i s h I n di a To w a rd s t he n o rth t he t rea ty
.

o f L uc k n o w i n 1 801 r en d er ed t he E ng li s h ma s t er s of
t h e h ea rt O f R o h il kh a n d Y et w h en Lo rd V a l en ti a p a id
.
,

his v i s i t t o t he C ed ed Pro v i n c es i n F ebrua ry 1 803 he , ,

n o t es a f t er l ea v i ng J a un o re t h t h h d p d th e
, p a e a , a s s e
 C H A P TE R x .

C A LC U TTA A H U N D R E D Y E AR S AG O .

W ITH t he a d v en t O f W ell es l ey ti me a ppro a c hes w hen

, t he

w e mus t t a k e o ur l ea v e o f t h e C a l c ut t a o f bea uties

”
in w hi c h E n g li s h men
’
ba l loo n d a n d pow de r d bea us
’
,

u ll d a t h o k h d li v d i O ri en t a l s t a t e a n d fo rt unes
p e o a s a n e n ,

w er e s till t o be ma d e by s h a ki n g t he pa go d a t r ee B ut it is -
.

h a rd to r es i s t t h e t empta ti o n O f a s en ti men t a l j o urney i nto

thi s l a n d O f drea ms , befo re w e bid a fi n a l f a r ew ell W on .

derful a s t he tr a n s fo r ma ti o n i n t he po li t i c a l a s pec t O f the

c o un try h a s been t he a l t e r a ti o n i n o ur s oc i a l ma n n er s a nd
,

c us t o ms h a s been even mo r e s tri ki n g L et us li nger a w hil e

.

a n d a t t emp t t o t hr o w up o n t h e c a n v a s a r epr es en t a ti o n Of

t h e li ves o ur fo re fa th er s led i n C a l c utt a a h un d red y ea rs

a go .

Th er e is , perh a p s , no t hi n g hi c h w e di ffer mo re
in w

r ema rk a bly fro m th em t h a n in t he di s tri buti o n o f o ur ti me .

In th e ea rly d a y s O f C a l c utt a t he mid d a y d i n n er a n d

,

t h e a f t er n oo n s i es t a w ere r ec og n i s ed i n s t i t uti o n s Th e .

”
d i n n er h o ur h ere is tw o , w ro t e M rs F a y t he w ife o f a
.
,

C a l c ut t a ba rri s t er in t he d a y s o f W a rr en H a s ti ngs w h o ,

w a s s o un w i s e a s t o q ua rr el w ith h is Chi ef J us ti c e, and

it i s c us t o ma ry t o s it a l o n g w h il e a t t a bl e ; pa rti c ul a rly
d uri n g t he c o ld w ea th er D uri ng di n n er a goo d dea l o f
.

w i n e i s dr a n k but v ery li t t l e a ft er t h e c lo t h is r emo ved

, ,

ex c ep t i n ba c he l o rs
’
p a r t i es a s th ey a re c a ll ed ; fo r t he
,

c us t o m O f r ep o s i n g , if n o t o f s l eepi n g a f t er di n ner is ,
 C AL C U TTA A HU N D R E D YEAR S AGO . 1 39

so g ene a r l th a t t he s treet s O f C a lc utt a a re from fo ur to ,

fi v e in t he a f t er noo n a l mo s t a s empty O f E uro pea n s a s

,

if it w ere mid n i ght N ex t c o me th e ev en i n g a i ri ng s on

.

t h e c o ur s e w h er e every o n e goes
, th oug h s ure O f bei ng
,

h a l f s uffoc a t ed w ith d us t O n retur n i ng th enc e, tea is

- .

se rv ed a n d un i v er s a lly dr a n k h ere ev en d uri ng t he ex

,

t r em e h ea t s A ft er t ea ei t h er c a rd s o r 10 0 fi ll up the
.
,

sp a c e t ill t en w h en s up p er i s us ua lly a n n o un c ed
, Fo r ma l .

v i s i t s a re p a id i n t h e ev en i ng ; th ey a re g en e ra lly v ery

s h o rt ,
a s perh a ps ea c h l a dy h a s a d o z en c a ll s t o ma k e ,

a n d a p a rty w a iti n g fo r her a t h o me bes id es Gen tl emen.

a l so c a ll t o O ff er the ir r es p ec t s a n d i f a s k ed t o p ut d o w n
,

”
th ei r h a t s it is c o n s id ered a s a n i n v it a t i o n to s upper
,
.

Beg um J o h n so n t h e g r a n d mo th er o f t h e E a rl o f Li v er
,

p oo ,l w h o di ed i n C a lc utt a i n 1 81 2 a t t he
, a g e o f 8 7 ,

an d w h o h a d been t h e w i fe O f a M ember o f C o un c il in

the d a y s O f C o l o n el Cli v e a n d t h e B l a c k H o l e rid ed

p ,

her self o n k eepi ng up th es e O ld us a g es t o t he la s t She .

w o uld d i n e i n t h e a f t ern oo n a t thr ee o r f o ur O c l oc k t a k e

’

her s i es t a a ft er di n ne r a nd t h en he r a iri n g in h er c a rri a ge

, .

On her r et urn h o me her h o us e i n C li v e S tr eet w o ul d

,

be li t up a n d t hrow n o p en fo r t he rec ep ti o n o f v i s it o rs
Al l w h o w ere o n v i s iti ng
’
until t en O c l oc k a t n i g ht .

terms w er e ex pec t ed t o c o me w i t h o ut i n v i t a t i o n a nd a ,

few w ho h a d been pr ev i o us ly i n v i t ed s t a yed t o s up per

a nd c a rd s .

Wi t h h a d a ily pro gr a mme to fulfi l it ma y be

s uc ,

suppo sed t h a t C a l c ut t a a ros e beti mes in t h e c l os i n y a r

g e s

of the ei ht een th c en t ury ; a n d a s a ma t te r O f fa c t t he

g ,

w ork w a s a l l
pe rfo r m e d i n t h e c oo l h o ur s o f t h e mo r n i n
g ,
1 40 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

in o rd er t o l ea ve t he rema i n d er O f t h e da y free The .

mod ern t ifii n d o es n o t ma k e i t s a pp e a r a n c e un t il t h e n ew

c en t ury ; w he n t h e di n ne r h o ur w hi c h h a d r a dua l ly been

, g
r w i l t r d l t r f u d i t lf u dd ly thr ow n b a ck
g o n
g a e a n a e , o n s e s e n

t o t h e ev en i n g a n d t he fo r en oo n v i s i t s too k t he pl a c e of
,

t h e ev en i n g c a ll betw een ei ght a n d n i ne o c l oc k

’
Lo rd
.

V a l en t i a w ho v i s i t ed C a l c ut t a d uri n g t he Gov er n o r Gen e

,
-

ra l s h ip O f Lo rd W ell es l ey , t ell s us th a t it w a s us ua l in
C a l c utt a t o ri s e ea rly in o rd er t o en j o y t he c o o l a ir O f the
,

m o r n i ng w hi c h i s p a rt i c ul a rly pl ea s a n t befo re s un ri se
,
.

At tw el v e t h ey t a k e a h o t mea l w hi c h t h ey c a l l t ifii ng
’

, ,

a n d t h ey g en e r a lly g O t o bed fo r t w o o r t hr ee h o ur s The .

d i n n er h o ur is c o mmo n ly bet w een s ev en a n d ei g h t ; w hi ch

is c er t a i n ly t o o l a t e i n t hi s h o t c li ma t e a s i t pr ev en t s a n
,

ev en i n g rid e i n t h e pr o p e r t i me a n d k eep s t h e m up t ill

”
mid n i ght o r l a t er .

A ngl o I n di a n s a re n o t hi n g i f n o t c o n s erv a t i v e : a n d i t
-

i s c uri o us t o n o t i c e h o w li t t l e t h ey h a d a l t er ed t h eir meth o d s

O f s pe n di n g t he da y w h en M rs F en t o n w i fe o f a s uba l t ern
.
,

a n d fi r s t c o us i n t o t he f a mo us L a w ren c e bro t h e r s c a me t o
,

j o t d o w n h e r i m pr es s i o n s o f I n di a a s s h e f o un d i t i n 1 827 ,

in t he d a y s O f E a rl A mh ers t o f A rra c a n w h o se t i t l e t ells

,

t h e t a l e o f t he ma i n a ch i ev e men t O f h i s r ei g n Th e v o y
.

a g er O f t o da y c o n s id er s hi ms elf mi htily a ri v d if h
g gg e e e
-

is n o t b ro ug h t a l o n g s id e t he j et t i es w i t hi n t w el v e h o urs
of s igh t i n
g t h e pil o t-
b ri g a t t h e S a n dhea ds H
. e w o uld
l ea rn t o p os s es s h is s o ul in p a ti en c e i f he w ere c o n d emn ed
,

t o ma k e h is en try i n t o C a l c utt a a ft er t h e ma n n er o f

M rs Fen t o n a n d t h o s e o f h er g en er a t i o n Fo r o n a r ri v al in
. .

t he H oog hly t he C o mp a n y s s hip s la y o ff Ked eree w hic h

’

j ,
1 42 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

di s h es a re pl a c ed o n t he t a bl e w i t h o ut a c l o th w h i c h a t ,
”
fi rs t h a d a n un pl ea s a n t a pp ea ra n c e A ft er l un c h the .
,

l a d ies s ubj ec t th ei r gues t to a s ea rc h i ng c ros s ex a mi n a t i on -

a s 00 t h e la s t E n g li s h f a s hi o n s l eng th o f w a i s t s a nd
,

sh a p e O f s l eev es a n d s h oes
’
At t w o o c l oc k t he q ues t i ons
.

c ea s e a n d ev ery o n e g oes t o s l eep : a n d a t fo ur c o mes th e

even i n g rid e o r dri v e The ma s te r O f t he h o us e a rriv es

.

fro m C a l c utta a t s ev en a n d a t eig ht di n n er is an n o un c ed

, ,

”
a l o n g te di o us f o r ma l meal M o re c h ero o t s mo k i ng
.

is i n dulged in by a ll p r es en t but my s elf

, an d a f t er

t ea h a s been s erv ed i n t h e dr a w i n g r o o m t he y a w n s of -
,

t he h o useho ld s p eedily l ea d t o r etir emen t fo r th e n ig h t or ,

Fo r a t fo ur O c l oc k in th e
’
a t a l l ev en t s fo r p a r t o f i t
,
.
,
”
mo r n i ng ,
w hile it i s y et ut t erly d a rk there i s a n un i ,

v ers a l s t ir t h ro ug h o ut t h e h o us e, muc h t a lk o f h o rs es h a ts '

, ,

w hi p s a n d c o ffee ; a n d] a v o i ce a t th e doo r en q ui ri n g w het her

a rid e o r a dri v e w i ll be p refer a bl e A fter t he o uti n g .

,

bed is na t ura ll y en o ug h t h e p o pul a r ref ug e un t il eig h t

O c l oc k w h en t h e bew ild eri ng r o un d r ec o mme n ces w i t h
’
,

b rea kfa s t a n d c h er o o t s .

O f the pr ev a i li n g t o n e o f An gl o— I n di a n Soc i ety i n her

da y M rs Fen t o n d oes n o t p a i n t a v ery a ttr a c ti v e pi c ture
, . .

Th e ma n w h o ca me o ut t o I n di a w h en th e n i n et een t h
cen t ury w a s y o un g h a d t o m a k e up h is mi n d t o li v e th ere
,

fo r a n i n defi n it e perio d a n d t he a bs en c e O f c omfo rt s w hi c h ,

w e reg a rd a s i nd i s p en sa bl e c o mbi n ed t o p rod uc e l a ng uo r

, ,

g l oo m a n d di s g u s t N
. o r w a s t h e co u n t ry a s h ea l t h f ul t o

E ur o pea n s a s w e fi n d it t o d a y S udd en d ea th fo r ms th e
.

g r o u n d w o rk O f m a n y O f M r s F en t o n s a n
. ec d o t es a n d
’

s t o ri es. B ut h er remi n i s c en c es a re n o t a ll s o mel a n c h ol v

 L
C A C U TTA A HU N D R E D Y EAR S AGO .

r
or s o t a g c . i H eber w a s then t o uc hi ng t he c l o s e of his
epi sc o p a t e a n d th ere i s a r efer en c e t o h is w i fe i n q uite
,
”
ano th er v ei n Th e o th er ev en i ng
. r un s the en try i n t he
,

dia ry , I h ea rd M rs H eber s n a me f req uen tly r epea t ed ,

.
’

and r a t he r w i t h s o me t e rms bo rd eri n ur Th

g o n c en s e e re .

w as s om ethi ng s h e h a d d o n e w hi c h w a s p ro n o unc ed n ot

con s i s t en t w i t h s t ri c t p rop ri ety I w a s c o n s id era bly re

.
’

liev ed t o fi n d it w a s s o me pa r t i c ul a r tri mmi n g o mitted o n

her bo n n et .

The eig ht di n n er, in s pite O f Lo rd V a l en t i a s

’
O c oc kl ’

w a r n i n g a n d M rs F en t o n s d ep r ec i a ti o n O f it s l en gth a n d
’
.

its t edi o us n es s h a s s urv i ved t o t h i s da y

,
B ut t he a ft er.

noon s i es t a i s a thi n g O f t h e p a s t a n d a l on g w ith it th e

,

”
uc k f ev er w hi c h us ed t o a tt a c k t he s l eeper a n d t e
p a , ,

su lt in th e i n v ita t i o n o f th os e w h o h a d di n ed w i t h h i m
,

at noo n ,
t o h is fun er a l befo re s upp er ti me In t he ma tt er .

of dri n k s , t he d a y s O f H o dgs o n a n d B a s s w er e yet to

come a n d go a n d t he f a v o urit e liq uo rs , Lo rd V a l en ti a

,

tells us ,
w e re c l a r et a n d ma d eir a t h e l a tter w hi c h
, ,

is ex c ellen t d uri ng t he meal th e fo r me r a ft erw a rd s ;

, ,

the c l a ret ,
he a dd s bei n g med i ca t ed fo r the v oy a ge
, ,

is too s t r o ng a n d h a s litt l e fl a v our Th o se w it h a mo r e

.

slen der
p u r s e a n d es ec i a lly t h e y o un
, p g m ilita ry m e n ,

indulged in S h erbet a n d p un c h The l a tter in de ed .

,

whos e ve ry n a me beto ken s i t s In d i an o ri in a n d i t s fi v e

g
ingredi en ts s eems t o h a v e been t he fi r s t bever a ge t o w hi c h
,

Engli s h men in I n di a a ddi c ted th ems elv es —a n d in ma n y

cases it w a s c ert a i n ly t h e l a s t; B ut the d a y s w ere s lip
p g by o f h a rd d ri n k ers a n d O f men w h o s e
i n -
li ve s w ere
”
not w o rt h t w o mo n so o n s By t he beg i n n i n g o f t h e
.
 1 44 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

cen t ury ,
t he c h a n ge h a d bec o me y ma rked to
s uffi c i en tl

ca l l fo r t h e c o mmen t o f v i s it o rs t o C a l c utt a P eo p l e con .

t i n n ed t o fl oc k t o t h e E a s t i n s ea rc h o f a fo rt un e but ,

th ey n o l on g er co n s id ered t h a t t h e o n ly a ltern a tiv e lay

i n dyi n g of a fev er .

Y et , i f th ey w ere mo re temp era t e t he y w e r e not ,

l es s ex t r a va g a n t t h a n t he N a bo b o f t he d a y s o f H o l w ell
a n d F r an c i s Th ere w a s n o q ues t i o n th en o f sa v i n g up
.

fo r t h e t hr ee m on t h s p ri v il eg e l ea v e t o E ur o p e : a n d the
’

mo n ey w a s mo re fr eely s pen t i n I n di a i t s elf Th e n um ber

.

o f s erv a n t s k ept w a s a s a s t o n i s hi n g a s ev er : a n d M a c ra

bi e s s a t i r e upo n th em h a d l o s t n o n e O f it s p o i n t a fter the

’

’
l a ps e O f t hi r t y yea rs L o rd V a l en ti a s c o n s t a n t c o n c ern
.

duri n g h is t ra v el s in I n di a w a s t he en o rmo us s w w a rry

or reti n ue w hi c h h is hi gh r a n k a n d di gn i ty w ere
,

hel d t o req ui re . W e ha d eig ht el eph a n t s el ev en c a m el s

, ,

fo ur h o r s es t en bull o c k s O f o ur o w n bes id es ta t t o o s
, ,

”
o n i es ) a n d bull oc k s bel o n g i n g t o o ur s erv a n t s
( p S u c h .

is M o un t s t ua rt E lp h in s t o n e s d es c ri pti o n O f th e ca v a lc a de
’

w hi c h a c c o mpa n i ed h im a n d E d w a rd St r a c h ey a c ros s I n di a

i n 1 801 . An d t h e men w er e a s n umer o us a s th e a n i m a l s .

W e h a d t w en t y s epo y s a n d fro m o n e h un dred a n d fift y t o '

t w o h un dred s erv a n t s an d c oo li es . A G o v ern o r Ge n e -

ra l s uff er ed n a t ur a lly in pr o p o r t i o n W h en t h e M a rq ues s

—
.

Of H i t r
a s t n gs s a t e d i n 1 81 4 up o n h i s pr o g r es s up c o un t ry ,

h is fl eet c o n s i s t ed O f n o les s t h a n f o ur h un dr ed boa t s I .

”
dri v e o ut a l mo s t every even i n g , w rit es Lo rd M i n t o i n

1 807 ,
but t he fo r ma l ity O f t he s e a i ri n gs is un c o mfo rt a bl e
t o a d eg r ee th a t I c a n n o t a t a ll a cc us t o m my s elf t o F o ur .

s y c es w i t h fi yfi a p pers ra n a l o n g s id e o f t h e h o rs es un ti l I
1 46 C A L C U TTA O LD A N D N E W .

d of the d urw a n is to ch
t en . Th e mi s s i o n i n life s ear
r f y u r fri d s
’
k h id m
‘

u t g a r s w h e n e v e r y o u
t h e pe s o n s o o e n

i v e a burra kha n a i n or e d r t o m a k e s u re t h a t n o n e o f
g ,

y o ur s po o n s a n d fo rk s a re di s a ppea ri ng al ong w i th t h em .

h m u u l i i d t h e d u ty O f h o l d i n g t h e
To t e s s g e e s a s s g n e

l a n th o rn w hi ch n o n e o f th e be a re r s w i l l d o , a s p e r
,

h i t m i ht ha v e b ee n m a d e O f a c o w T h e B a l a
c a n c e g
s o re bea r ers o f t he da y w e r e, in f t,
a c a tr o u b l e s o m e

l
c a ss .
h f
T ey re us ed t o o uc h t a w a s hi n
g ba
-
s i n a n d i n o n e

of S i Ch rl D
’
O l
’
ri o f w a t e r c o-
l o u r d r a w i n g s
r a e s yy s s e es

rep res en ti ng t he life O f a n E uro pea n in I n di a the bea rer ,

m f
’

is s een h o ldi ng a t o w e l r e a d y t o dry h is a s t e r s oo t

a s s oo n a s a s e v a r n t O f l o w e r c a s t e h a s w a s h e d it . P e r

ha s p it i s th e m u lti p li c it y O f s e rv a n t s ,
w i th th e i r pr e j u d i c s
e

a n d th eir fa n c i es , th a t lea d s M rs Fen t on t o rema rk .

mo ur n fully th a t t he ti mes a re fo r ev er gon e w h en p eo ple

ma d e a fo rt un e in I n di a .

B ut , h o w ev er t r ue t hi s mi gh t be O f the d a y s O f Am h ers t ,

t h er e w a s a ri c h h a rves t O f mo h ur s t o be ma d e un d er C o rn

w a lli s a n d W ell es l ey I t w a s n o l o n ger merely J o h n Co m

.

s erv a n t s h a ma s s ed m o n ey T h l
’

p a ny s w o e a w y ers
.
,

t h a n k s t o t he S up reme C o urt h a d o ve rt a k en th em i n t he
,

ra c e . A ma n O f a biliti es a n d goo d a ddr es s i n thi s li n e ,

if h e ha s t he fi r mn es s t o res i s t t he fa s hi o n a bl e co n t a g i o n ,

g a m bli n g n ee
, d o n ly p a s s s ev en y ea r s o f h i s l ife a t C a l
”
c ut t a t o r et ur n h o me i n a ffl uen t c irc ums t a n c es Phys i c .
,

a s w ell a s la w w as , a
g o l d m in e fo r it s
p r o f e s s o r s t o w o r k
i t a t w ill . N o r w a s t he Ch urch w ith o ut it s O ppo rt un ities .

W eddi n gs w e a re t o ld
, a re very j o y o us thi n s fo r
, g
a ll p a r t i es es pec i ally I s h o uld s upp o s e t o t he P a d ra
, , ,
 C AL C U TTA A HU N D R E D Y EAR S AG O . 1 47

f q
w ho re uen t ly r ec ei ves tw en t y g o ld m o h ur s fo r h i s tr o ubl e
in perfo r mi n g th e ceremony .

Wheth er fo r bus i n es s or pl ea s ure th e p a l a n q ui n w a s th e

,

usual met h od O f c o nv ey a nce a h un dr ed y ea rs a g o ( a s Lo rd

Minto h a s j us t remi n ded us ) a n d s o g i lded an d co vered w ith
broca d e w as i t th a t th ree th o us a n d rup ees o ften o n ly
,

barely r ep r es en t ed it s c o s t C a rri ag es w ere n o t v ery

.

common , al th o ugh Lo rd V a l en ti a n o t es th a t m os t gen tl e

men k ep t t hem .The f a c t w a s t he r e w a s li ttl e t o i n v i te
,

the pl ea s ur e O f a d ri v e The s tr eet s w ere un met a ll ed a n d

.

there w er e o t h er di s c o mfo r t s n o t t o s a y d a n ger s

,
In 1 805 .

w e rea d O f a f a mily ret ur n i n h m v i d n

g o e o n e e en n g a n e

c ou n t eri n a n ele ph a n t o n E s pl a n a d e R o w it t h
g o pp o s e e

ta nk a t t h e c o r n er O f D h urrumt o ll a h w ith t h e r es ult t h a t

t he h o r s es g ot w ild a n d ra n t h e ca rri a e o n to t h e d r ai n
g
”
c l ose t o M r B ra dy s h o us e a n d up s et it
’
.
,
Th er e w a s n o .

St ra n d R o a d in thos e d a y s a n d i n th e ti me o f H eber
,

i t w a s s ti l l un fi n i s h ed Th e o n ly dri v e w a s t h e C o ur s e
.
,

so ca ll ed a cc o rd i ng t o M rs Ki n d er s l ey
. w h o w ro t e ,

in 1 768 b ec a us e t he l en gt h w a s a k os s o r tw o m il es ; a n d
, ,

j udgi n g f r o m a l l a c c o un t s it s eems t o h a v e been d us t y a n d

,

V ery c ro w d ed . Acc o rdi ng t o t h e O l d po em o n e s w a ll o w ed ,

ten mo ut h f ul s o f d us t fo r o n e O f fr es h a i r ; but it w a s t h e

p la c e t o w hi c h ev ery o n e fl oc k ed o f a n e v en i n
g a n d w a s
”
the sc en e ,
w e a re a s s ur ed O f v a ri o us g r a d a ti o n s O f
,

eques t ri a n g r a c e a n d c h a ri o t eeri n g ex c ell en c e t h e v ery ,

Rot t en R o w o f o ur E a s t er n emp o ri um .

S ed a t e q uit t he r umi n a t ing ch a ir

t he y ,

An d br ea th e a broa d t h e ev en i n g d us t a n d a i r,
 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

As dip s t h e s un , O f
d a zz li ng s pl en d o ur s h o rn ,

W hen the w id e Fo rt reso unds t he even ing ho rn ,

F ull ma n y a s o dd en ed fo rm in j a c k et w hit e , ,

l V in gs on t he th ro ng i ng c ours e hi s a i ry fl i gh t ,

B o r ne o n th e s t eed o r perc h ed w ith w hi p a nd Ed na

,

In a d ea r spec i men of S teua rt s p a i n s . .

Th er e w a s p ec uli a r a c c o mp a n i me n t o f t he ev en i ng
one

dri v e w hic h w e s h a ll l o o k fo r in v a i n t o da y The -

.

"
m us s a lc h ees s a y s L o rd V al en t ia ,
, w h en i t g row s d a rk .

g o o ut t o m ee t th e ir m a s te r s o n th ei r r et ur n a n d run ,

befo r e t h em a t t h e r a t e o f f ull ei ght mil es a n h o ur a nd

, ,

t h e n umer o us li g ht s mo v i n g a l o n g t he E s pl a n a d e pro d uc e
”
i
a s ng u a l r a d p
n l ea s i n g eff ec t T h e a l t e r n a t i v
. e t o t he

dri v e o n the d us ty c o ur s e w a s bo a ti ng in t he d eli g h tf ul

”
bo a t s a n d up o n t he pl ea s a n t w a v es o f t he G a n g es .

G en t l emen k ep t th ei r mo urp un keys o r s n a k e bo a t s a n d ,

-
,

t r ip s t o S o o k S a ugo r o r t o Ch a n d er n a go re w er e o f ten

ma d e . Thes e s n a k e bo a t s w er e ve ry l o n g a n d n a r
-

ro w n o t mo re t h a n ei h t f eet in brea dt h a n d o ft en u
, g p
w a rd s O f a h un dr ed in l en t h T h y w r dd l d b
g e e e p a . e y
t hir ty o r fo r t y men a n d s t eer ed by a l a r e p a dd l e f ro m
, g
t h e s t er n w hi c h w a s e i t h er in t h e s h a p e o f a s n a k e
, a ,

p ea c o c k o r s o me o t h er a n i ma l
, In on e p a r t O f t h e .

s tem i s a c a n o py s upp o r t ed by pill a r s o n w h i c h a re ,

s ea t ed t he o w n er a n d h is fri en d s w ho p a rt a k e o f th e
”
refres hi n g breez es o f th e even i ng L o rd V a l en t i a c a m e .

” The fi rm of S teua rt an d Co w il l st i l l be f o un d
.
p y in g
l
t he i r co a c h ma ker s bus i n es s i n
’
an O ld h ous e in O ld Co urt H o us e

c o rn er behi n d St . An d re w ’
s C h urc h . Th e p oem f ro m w hich th e
ex t ra ct i s t a ken i s en t i t l ed C a l cutta in
 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

r
Go v e n o r -
G en era l s t a n d . In M i s s E d en
’
s ti me t he S o om
m o o ki e ,
ll s it w a s s t ill t o t he fo re ; a n d w hen
a s s he S p e ,

L o rd N o rthb ro o k v i s ited t he S ur ma V a ll ey in 1 874 it w as ,

i n a h o us e bo a t O f t h e s a me n a me w hi c h ha s n o w p a s s ed
-
,

i n to t he po s s es s i o n o f the Li euten a n t G o vern o r O f E a s tern -

B en g a l a n d As s a m N eedl es s t o s a y it s go rgeo us n es s (ai

.
,

t h o ug h n o t i t s c o mfo rt) h a s bec o me a thi n g O f t he pa s t .

T he rei g n O f t he sna ke -
bo a t a nd t he pa l a n q ui n a re

ove r t o -da y a n d w e a re c o n t en t to ea t t he a i r in a mod

i i
es t v c t o r a o r a d ogc a r t G o n e t o o a re t he d a y s O f the
.
, ,

mag n i fi c en t buildi n gs w i t h v es ti bul es ei g h t y feet in l en gt h

,

a n d t w en ty i n w idth a n d v er a n d a h s t o ma tc h
,
O ur fo re .

fa th er s w ho S p en t mo n ey a s r o y a lly a s t h ey ma d e it de
, ,

li g ht ed t o li v e i n t h ei r o w n ma n s i o n s a n d s co r n ed bo a rdi ng
es t a bli s h men t s a n d l o w e r fl a t s B ut r en t s w e r e ev en then
.

ca l c ul a t ed o n t he ba s i s o f a Ki n g s r a n s o m a n d t he w ea ker
’
,

v es s el s w er e a lrea dy be i n g dri v en in 1 800 t o t h e P a rsee

f a s hi on O f h a v i n g a s uit e o f r oo ms in a h o us e S till no .
,

ma t ter w h et h er th ey li v ed in a p a l a c e o r o n ly in a pa rt
O f it , p eo pl e a mus ed th ems elv es pret t y muc h in those
d a y s a s w e do a c en t ury l a t er Th ere w a s even a St
, . .

An d rew s di n n er in f ull s w i n g in 1 794 a n d Sc o t s men w ill

’
,

be i n t eres t ed t o k n o w t h a t t he s ubsc ripti o n in 1 805 w a s

fix ed a t fi fty rup ees a he ad The Go lf Cl ub i s a n in s titu
.

ti o n O f l a t er c rea ti o n but w e co me a c ro s s it in 1 839 w i th

, ,

a C a pt a i n in t he p er s o n O f L o rd R a msa y eld er brothe r ,

o f L o rd D a lh o us i e th e g r ea t Go v er n o r Gen er a l
, a nd a t -
,

t he t i me a id e de c a mp t o h is fa th er th en fi ll in g t h e office
- -
,

o f C o mma n d er in Chi ef -
in I n di a
-
P endi n g i ts a r rival . ,

th ere w ere o t h er rec rea ti o n s Hog h un ti n g co uld a l w ays

.
-
 L
C A C U TTA A HU N D R ED Y E AR S AG O . 1 51

be h a d at B uc kra , on ly fi fteen mil es

y : a n d th e re w er e
aw a

s t i l l l eo p a rd s i n t h e s ubur bs O f C a l c utt a t o tempt t he

B i ll i a rd s a nd c a rd s w e re th en a s n o w fa vo urit e
‘

s luka rree .

p a s t i m es
, a n d t he s u m s w o n a n d l o s t m u s t k ee p t h e b l o o d
S el by s C l ub w a s a fa mo us reso rt
’
in a p e rpet ua l fever .

fo r g a mbl ers un til Lo rd C o r n w a l li s p ut d o w n t he p ubli c

,

p la yi ng o f g a mes o f h a za rd w i t h a hi gh h a n d R a c i ng w a s .

a l w a y s p o p ul a r in o ld C al c ut t a The B enga l J oc k ey Cl ub
.

ca me i n to bei n
g i n 1 8 03 a n d n o t,e v e n L o rd W e lle s l ey s d i s
’

a p p r o ba t i o n c o ul d ex ti n ui s h t h e a rd o ur o f t he An l o
g g
I n d i a n s po rt s ma n Lo rd V a l en ti a n o t es t h a t
. o n Lo rd

W elles ley s a r ri va l in t he c o un t ry he s et his fa ce d ec i dedly

'
’

a g a i n s t h o r s e ra c i n-
g a n d ev e ry o t h e r s p ec i es o f g a m b li n g .

Y et a t t he e n d o f N ov ember 1 803 th ere w er e th r ee d a y s

’
, ,

”
ra m a t a s ma ll d i s t a n c e fr o m C a l c utt a Th es e mus t .

ha v e been run in a ll p ro ba bility o n t he c o ur se w hi c h

, ,

ex i s t ed a t t he en d o f Ga rd en R ea c h o n t he s it e o f w h a t ,

w a s a f t erw a rd s t he Akr a Fa r m S ti ll it w a s ma n y y ea r s
.
,

bef o re C a l c utta ra c i n g a lto get h er rev i ved fro m the s h oc k ,

a n d i t w a s n o t un til M a rc h , 1 81 6 t h a t t he ra c es a ga i n
,

commen c ed un d er t he pa tro n a g e o f t h e Ma rq ues s o f

Has ti n g s O n ea c h o f t he thr ee d a y s t w o ra c es w ere run ;
.
,

and a s t h e ev en t s w er e d ec id ed i n t h e mo r n i n a ft er t h e
g
fogs ha d di s a p pea red it mus t h a v e been w a r m w o rk fo r
,

both h o r s es a n d o n l o o k er s -
The fi r s t n o ti ce w e c a n fi n d
.

of cri c k et i n C a l c utt a is t h a t O f a
g r a n d m a t c h pl a y e d ,

on t he 1 8t h a n d 1 9th o f J a n ua ry 1 804 betw een th e E t o n

, ,

ian civ ili a n s a n d a ll o th er s erv a n t s o f t he C o mpa n y res id en t

in Ca lc ut t a Th e E to n i a n s
. it is rel a ted s co red 232
, , ,

whil e th ei r O p o n en ts w ho h a d t w o i n n i n gs t o th eir o n e
p , ,

w ere n ot a bl e t o t o t a l mo re th a n 80 .
 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

In t h e ma t te r Of th ea t res C a l c ut t a w a s w ell s upplied

O ld ,

but th ei r q ua li t y d oes n o t s eem t o h a v e k ep t p a ce w i th their

q ua n t ity The a uth o res s O f
. H a rtly H o us e g row s

R a n g e and
’
en t h us i a s t i c o v er t he O ld pl a y h o us e in Ly o n s
-

dec l a res th a t it eq ua l s t he mo s t s pl en did E uro p ea n ex

h ibit io n s . B ut w e ma y a g ree t o di ff er w i t h M rs Fa y . ,

w h o did n o t t hi n k v ery h i g hly o f it a n d c o n s id e re d that

a go ld mo h ur w a s rea lly t oo muc h t o bes t ow up o n s uch a

t empo r a ry g r a t i fi ca ti o n . The fa rc es a n d o th er pl ays
a n n o un c ed fr o m ti me t o ti me i n t he C a lc ut t a G a z e t t e a re

O f t h e mo s t medi oc r e d es c ripti o n a n d o n e l ea rn s w i t h ou
, t
s urp ri s e th a t t he t h ea tre s o o n fell i n t o d ebt It h a d more
.

t h a n o n e ri v a l . In 1 7 95 it i s n o ti fi ed th a t by p e r m i s s ion
o f t h e G o ve r no r Ge n er a l M r Lebed eff w ill o en a th ea tre
p
-
.

i n D o o mt ulla h t he l a n e l ea di n g o ut O f Chi n a B a z a r w hich

,

i s n o w a d a y s di sg ui s ed un d er t h e n a me o f E z ra S t reet .

Thr ee y ea r s l a t er w e h ea r O f a n o t h er i n W h el er Pl a ce
, ,

a fo rgo t t en l o c a lity w hi c h w e h a v e a lr ea dy id en ti fi ed as a
,

po rti o n o f G o v ern men t Pl a c e N o rth , L a s t but n o t lea st

.
, ,

t h e re w a s t he pri v a t e t h ea tr e i n C ho w ri n h ee o f M rs
g .

B ri s t o w t h e w i fe o f a s en i o r merc h a n t
, She ret ur n ed to
.

E n gl a n d in 1 7 90 a n d ( t o q uo t e D r B us t eed ) fo r l ong
“

C a lc utt a refus ed t o be c o mfo rt ed W h en t he pl a y h ous e

. -

’
in Ly o n s R a n g e w a s fi n a lly c l o s ed in 1 808 a n d it s b uildi ngs
c o n v ert ed i n t o t h e N ew Chi n a B a z a r it s s ucc es s o r w a s
,

pl a c ed in t h e l oc a lity w h ere s he h a d a c hi ev ed her t ri umph s .

Thi s t h ea tr e w hi c h lik e t he ea rli er , w a s t h e frui t o f p ubli c

,

s ubs c rip t i o n ,
s t o o d i n C h o w ri n gh ee a t t he c o r n er O f t he

t h o r o ughf a r e w hi c h h a s eve r s i n c e been s tyl ed Th ea t re

R o a d a n d w a s o pen ed in N o v ember 1 81 3 N o t w ith s t a nd

, , .

i n g t he f a c t t h a t i t w a s c r o w n ed w i t h a d o me i t did not ,
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .
'

G a z et t e . The p ubli c brea kfa s t w a s a bo li s h ed by Lord

C o r n w a l li s : but t he di s t i nc t i o n s o f ra n k w ere c o n t i n ued .

I t w a s n o t un til t he t i me o f Lo rd W illi a m B en t i n c k t hat

i n v i t a t i o n s t o Go v er n men t H o us e w ere ex t en d ed t o those
w ho w er e n ei t h er c i v il o r m ili t a ry g r a n dees ; a n d t h e in

n o v a t i o n w a s n o t eff ec t ed w i t h o ut muc h murmuri n g on

t he p a rt o f t he t w ic e bo rn In L o rd Auc kl a n d s da y i t w as
’
.
,

t h e f a s hi o n fo r t he h o s t es s a t G o v er n men t H o us e t o per
”
s o na lly r ec ei v e h er c a ll er s o f bo t h s ex es The v i s i t s
.
,

s a y s M i s s E d en ,a re n o t l o n g ; but I h o p e t hey w i l l n o t

c o mp a r e n o t es a s t o w h a t w e h a v e s a id ; I k n o w s o me o f

my to pi c s s er v ed ma n y t i mes o v e r .

C a l c utt a ha s a l w a y s been fa mo us fo r h er h o s pit a li ty ,

a n d h er t r a di t i o n s in t hi s r es p ec t w er e uph eld by W ell es l ey

in c h a r a c teri s ti c fa s hi o n Lo rd V a l en ti a w a s muc h s t r uc k
.

by t h e ma g n i fi c en c e o f t h e en t e rt a i n men t s a t Go v er n me n t
H o us e w hi c h ha d j us t been fi n i s h ed a t t he ti me O f h is v i s i t
, ,

a n d w i t h w hi c h h e w a s g r ea t ly i mpres s ed
“
Th e f et es
i v en by t he Go ver n o r Gen er a l h e w rit es a re fr eq uen t
g
-
, , ,

”
S ple n di d ,
a n d w ell a rr a n ged
-
a n d C a l c ut t a ev id en tl y a p
,

p r e c i a t ed t h em . F o r C a l c ut t a w a s n o thi n
g if n
, o t g ya ,

”
a h un dr ed y ea r s a g o . H a rdly a da y p a s ses w e a re
,

t o ld p a rti c ul a rly d uri n g t he co ld s ea s o n

, w i t h o ut a t e
,

cep t io n o r a d a n c e o r a di n n e r p a rty Th e co n v i v i a l h o s
.

p i t a l i t
,y w hi c h pr ev a il s up o n t h es e o c c a s i on s w o ul d
,

r en d er t h em ex t remely pl ea sa n t w ere they mo re li mi t ed ;

,

”
but a s ma ll a n d q ui et p a rty is un k n o w n in C a lc utt a .

B r ea kfa s t i s d es c ri bed a s t he o n ly dég a g é mea l D i n n er

.
,

t ea a n d s upp er w ere re ul a r s t a t e f un c ti o n s D i
, g a
. n c ng

w a s a n a mus emen t w hi c h w a s k ept w ith r t t d

g e a ze s ; a n
 L
C A C U TTA A H N D R E D U YE AR S AGO . 1 55

if w e a re to c redi t Lo rd V a len t ia the bell es o f the t ime

,

a i d d a r l fo r th e i r d ev o t io n C o n s ump t io n s h e
p e y . ,

w rite s , a re v ery fr eq uen t a mo n g the l a di es , w hi c h I

a t t ribut e in g rea t mea s ure t o t he i nc es s a n t da n c i ng , ev en

durin g t h e ho t es t w ea th er A ft er s uc h v i o l en t ex erc i s e
.

t h ev g o i n t o t he ver a n d a h s a n d ex po s e th emsel v es t o a
,

co o l bre ez e a n d d a mp a t mos ph er e Th i n gs w ere t he

.

”
s a me in L o rd Auc kl a n d s da y
“
Th ey d a n c ed a w a y
’
. ,

sa y s M i s s E d en i n d es c ri bi n g h er fi r s t ba ll in M a rc h
, , ,

1 836 , a s if t h ey w er e n o t in a f ur n a c e a n d i n s t ea d O f ,

res t i n g betw een t he d a nc es th ey w a lk ed ro un d t he roo m

,

in pa i rs . Th ere w ere few yo ung l a di es but s o me y o ung ,

bri des a n d th ey a ll s eemed t o da n c e o n t o a mo s t res

,

p e c t a b le O ld a g e . S ev e r a l m o th e r s o f g ro w n u p d a ug ht er s -

never m i s s ed a q ua drill e o r a w a ltz I t ca n n o t be s uc h

.

a ba d cl ima t e , o r t he O ld g en tl emen w ho w er e fig uri ng

”
aw a y a t t h e ba ll w o uld n o t be s o a c ti v e
, .

O ur res p ec t fo r o ur a nc es t o rs po w er s o f en d ura n c e is
’

i nc reas ed w h en w e remember th a t the c o s tume o f t h a t

da y w a s a n ythi ng but s uit a bl e fo r s uc h fea t s O f ag ili t y .

The hea t mus t h a v e been t erri fi c A c o a t w a s a r a re s igh t

.

duri ng th e ho t s ea s o n t o be en c o un tered on l y a t fo r ma l
,

p t i es w he re dec o r um w a s h eld t o r eq uir e a t emp o ra ry

a r ,

sa c ri fi c e o f co mfo rt Lo rd C o r n w a lli s , h ow ever, w ho ha d

.

a c h a ra c t er fo r di s r e a rdi n th t ty di ti ti w
g g es e pe s n c o n s s a ,

no rea so n fo r burde n i n h i u t t G r m t H o us e
g s g es s a o v e n e n
'

with superfl uo us c l o thi ng a n d i t w a s h is h a bit o n s it t i n

, g ,

dow n a t ta bl e, t o gi ve t he w o rd o f c o mma n d O E
,
”
coa ts l So c o mmo n ly i n de ed w ere th ese a rti c les o f
, ,

att ire di s en sed w ith

p th a t , ge n t l e m e n h a b it u a ll y w o r e a n
 CA LC U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

upp er a nd l o w er w a i s tco a t bo t h o f w h i te o r a l pa ca
a , ,

a n d t he f ormer w i t h s l eeves H a ng i ng p un kha s h a d it

.
,

i s t rue c o me in w ith th e cen t ury a s w e h a v e a lrea dy n oted

,

a n d w e a re t o ld t h a t t o s t ri d e t h es e a e ri al f a n s h a s been

t he fro li c o f ma n y a ba cc h a n a li a n p a r t y B ut t hey do.

n o t a pp ea r t o h a v e bee n i n gen e r a l us e u t o 1 808 fo r t h ey

p ,

a re a dv e r t i s ed i n M a y o f th a t y ea r a s a s pec i a l a ttr a c ti o n

t o a c o ur s e o f l ec t ur es o n M ec h a n ic s t o w hi ch s o me
,

l a di es a n d gen t l emen h a v e d ec id ed t o s ubs c ri be o n a c c o un t

”
O f t he w a r mth o f t h e s ea s o n Tempo ra m uta n tur
. By .

t he y ea r 1 908 p un kh a s bid fa i r t o be a s muc h a t hi n g o f t h e

”
pa s t a s t h ei r pred ec es s o r s t he ,
ki t t eso l bo y s w h o se ,

bus i ne s s i t w a s t o w a v e l a rg e f a n s o r c h o w ri es O f p a l m
le a ve s behi n d t h ei r ma s t er s c h a i r
’
.

N or w a s t h e c l i ma t e t h e o n ly O bs t a c l e t o en j o y men t . Th e
mo s q ui t o , lik e t he p oo r , is ill w i t h us but s o meh o w o r
st ,

o t h er a g e ( o r S h a ll w e s a y s a n i t a ti o n ?) h a s i mpr o v ed hi s

ma n n er s a n d h e d oes no t t o r men t us a s muc h a s h e d id

,

o ur f o r ef a t h er s Ti me w a s w h en h is r a v a g es ea rn ed f o r
.

h im t he r es p ec t f ul t ri but e O f t he po et

W i t h ma n y a dro w s y n od
I p a id d ull h o ma ge t o t he S l eepy go d
B ut n o ug h t t h e S o f a s ea s y l en g t h a v a il ed
’

A c ea s el es s h um my li s t en i n g ea r s r eg al ed
M us q uit o es s w a rmed a ro un d a t hirs ty th ro ng , ,

R a i s ed t he red bump a n d t un ed t h e h o ll o w s o n
, g .

B ut t h a t w as i n 1 81 1 , i g n o f t he pet t y t y ra n t
a n d t he re

i s a ll but o v er t o d a y -
W e n o l o n ger r eso r t fo r i m mun i ty
.

t o t he s i n g ul a r ex pedi en t o f w hi c h r dpr e t l l u
, g a n e s s,
1 58 c AL C U TT A O LD AN D N EW .

t he r ec i ta l of h ith t he
i
t es e a go n es w O f m a n y a to ugh
o ld q ui hy e o f t o da y w h o w i ll t ell yo u t h a t mo s q uit o c ur
- - -

t a i n s a re a n un kn ow n l ux ury t o h i m a n d t h a t p ri ckly heat

,

i s n ever s ufl ered t o d i s t ur b h is eq ua n i mi t y ; a n d w e s hall

fi n d o ur s elves beg i n n i n g t o w o n d er ho w peop l e ever li ved
i n C a l c utt a a t a l l a h un dred yea r s a go .
 C H A P TE R X I .

T HE M A K I N G O F M O D E R N C ALC U TTA .

CAL C U TTA pl a y ed n o pro mi n en t p a rt in t he ev en t s w hi c h

have s o in s epa ra bly li n k ed th e n a mes O f W ell es l ey a n d
Welli ng to n w i th th e his to ry of t he Eng li s h in In dia But .

her i n h a bi t a n t s c a me fo r w a rd t i me a ft er ti me w i t h v olun
fo r t he S uppo rt O f His M a j es t y s G o v
’
t a ry c o n tri but i o n s

cra men t i n E uro p e, w hi c h w a s t h en en ga ged in i t s l on g

stru gg l e a g a i n s t R e v o l u t i o n a r y F r a n c e . N o r w e r e t h e s uc

cess es o f o ur a r my in I n di a fo rgo t t en . Th e fa ll o f Seri ng a

p a t a m o n M a y 4 t h ,1 7 9 9 ,
w a s c e l e b r a t e d b y t h e fi ri n
g o f a

Royal Sa l ut e fr o m the r a mp a rt s O f Fo rt W illi a m : a n d it s

ann i v er s a ry w a s O bs e rved w i t h due s o l emn ity i n s uc c eedi n g

y e a r s . I n 1 8 0 0 , a g e n er a l d a y o f t h a n k s g i v i n g w a s a p
p o i n t ed o n t h e 6 t h F e b r u a ry b y a c h a r a c t e ri s ti c p r oc l a m a

ti on . W e t he Go ver n o r G en er a l in C o un c i l
,
-
, ra n t h e

p r e a m b l e ,
e n t e rt a in i n g a d e ep a n d devo ut s en s e O f t he

ha ppy d el i v er a n c O f His M a j es ty s d o mi n i o n s in E uro p e

’

e ,

as w ell a s O f t he B riti s h s e s i i I di fr o m t he
p o s s o n s n n a,

des t ruc ti v e d es i g n s o f t he en emy a n d t a ki ng i n to o ur

,

mos t s eri o us c o ns id era ti on th e i n di s pen s a bl e duty w h ic h

w e o w e t o Al m i g hty God fo r t he i n t erp o s iti o n O f His oo d
g
Providen c e ma n if es ted by t he bles s i n g rec en t ly bes t ow ed
,

o n t he en e r y a n d v a l o ur o f t h e n a v a l a n d m i lit a ry fo rc es o f
g
His Ma j es t y a n d o f His a l l i es i n v a ri o us p a rt s Of t he g l obe
as w el l a s b t h r r u i u f t h l t j u d
y e p o s p e o s s s e o e a e s t a n

nec essa r
y w a r i n M y s o r e , b y t h e c o n c l u s i o n a n d s e t t l e m e n t
 1 60 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW

of p ea c e in P en i n s ul a o f I n di a a n d by t he ul t i
t he ,

ma t e es t a bli s h men t O f t he t r a n q ui llity a n d s ec uri t y O f the

B rit i s h pos s es s i o n s s ubj ec t t o o ur s uper i n t en denc e di rec ,

ti o n a n d c o n tro l : h a ve t h o ug h t fi t t o i s s ue thi s p roc la ma

”
t i on . Th e s erv i c e w as h eld a t t he N ew Ch urc h in

C a l c ut t a befo re Hi s L o rd s hip a n d t he s ermo n prea c hed

,

upo n t he oc c a s i o n by t h e R ev Cl a udi us B uc ha n a n w a s
.

W h en pea c e w a s fi n a lly c on c luded

'

o rd er ed t o be pri n t ed .

in 1 803 a so l emn Te D eum w a s s ung o n t h e 1 8th J a n ua ry

,

a t t h e ne w Ch urc h o f S t J o h n . Hi s E x c ell enc y p roc eed

,

in g in h is ca rri a g e f ro m t he new G ov ern men t H o use t o t he

Ch urc h t h ro ug h t he n ew s tree t lea di n g fro m th e no rt h po r
”
t ic o,
w hi c h w e ma y id en ti fy a s Go v ern men t Pl a ce N o rt h , ,

a nd fo ll o w ed by a ll t he p ubli c O ffic ers , c iv il a n d mil it a ry .

Th ree ro y a l s a l utes w ere fi red t he fi r s t o n t h e Go v ern or

,

’
G en e ra l s set t i n g o ut t he s ec on d d uri ng t he c elebra t i o n Of
,

th e Te D eum a n d t he t h ird o n His E x c ell en cy s return

’
, .

E x t r a ba t ta o r ra t io n s w ere s erv ed t o t he E uro pea n t roo ps ,

a n d t he co l o ur s r ema i ned h o i s t ed t hro ugh t h e da y A w eek .

l a t er a mo s t s p l en di d en t e rt a i n me n t w a s i v en t o a bo ut
, g
ei g h t h un d red l a d i es a n d g en t l emen a t t he n ew G o v ern
”
men t H o us e in ho no ur O f t h e gen e r a l p ea c e Th e ra m
.

pa rt s O f t h e Fo rt t he s hippi ng in t he ri ver a n d a ll t he
, ,

pri nc i pa l buil di n g s fro n t i n g t he E s pl a n a d e w ere bri ll i ,

n ur ly li g ht ed : a nd a n e x t en s i v e i ll umi n a ti on i nt er ,

s pe r s ed w it h a v a ri et y O f bea ut if ul t ra n s pa r enc i es w as at ,

t h e s a me t i me ex hi b i t ed in t h e en v i r on s O f t h e n ew G o
v er a me n t H o us e Af t er ho ldi ng a d urba r in th e no rt he rn
.

v er a n da h fo r t he v a k eels fro m t he fo reig n n a ti ve

c o ur t s and t h e I n di a n g en tl em e n Lo rd W
, e ll es l ey
e n t e r ed t h e B a ll r oo m a n d t oo k h is s ea t o n a c h a i r o f s t a t e
-
 1 62 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D NEW .

ro a d fo r mi ng the ea s ter n bo un d a ry O f t he to w n c o mmonly ,

c a ll ed t he B o y t oc kun a h R o a d a n d c o mmen c in f ro m th
, g e

R us s a p ug la h R oa d a t t he c o r n e r o f C ho w rin ghee a n d ter

”
min a t in g a t C h it po re R oa d . In 1 801 a l s o w e di s c over
th em a d vert i s i ng fo r t en d ers fo r t he s up ply o f ei gh t y five -

p a i rs o f bull oc k s w ith t he pro po rti o n a l n umbers o f dri vers,

“

fo r t h e us e O f c a rt s empl o y ed un d er t he s ca v eng er s for

”
c l ea n i n g t he s tr eet s a n d d r a i n s B ut t h ei r po w ers w ere
.

li mi t ed Al t h o ug h empo w er ed by th ei r a c t t o co llect
.

reven ues t hey w ere res t ri c t ed t o ex pen dit ure pri nc ipa lly
,

on rep a i ri ng w a teri ng a n d c l ea n i ng t he s t reet s

,
Some .

t hi n g mo r e th o r o ug h a n d s y s t ema ti c w a s c a ll e d fo r i f the ,

c o n di t i o n o f t h e t o w n w a s t o be effec t ua lly r eme di ed This .

w a s s uppli ed by Lo rd W e ll es l e y R ea li z i n g t he i mp o r t a nce
.

O f t h o r o ug hly a r o us i n g p ubli c i n t er es t a n d a t t en t i o n be ,

a ppo i n t ed a s eri es o f C o mm i t t ees t o i n ve s ti g a t e a n d repo rt .

The fi r s t O f t h es e C o m mit t ees w a s n o mi n a ted i n 1 803 by

t h e f a mo us M i n ut e in w hi c h t h e i mpro v emen t o f dra i n s
, ,

ro a d s s t reet s a n d buildi n g s w a s s t ro ng ly urg ed a nd the

, ,

need of p ubli c ma rk et s s la ug h t er h o us es a n d buri a l

,
-

r n d s p o i n t ed o ut T h e Go v er n o r Ge n er a l s i n di c t men t
’

g o u .
-

d oes n o t err o n t he s id e o f co mpr eh en s i ve nes s He n otes

.

th a t t he c o n s tr uc t i o n O f t he p ubli c dr a i n s a n d w a t erc ourses

i s ex t r emely d efec ti ve a n d t h a t th ey n eith er a n s w er the
,

p urpo s e O f c l ea n i ng t h e t o w n n o r O f d i s c h a rg i n g t he a nnua l
i n un d a ti o n s o c c a s i o n ed by t he ri s e o f t h e ri ve r o r by the
ex c es s i v e f a ll o f r a i n . He O bs er v es th a t no ge n er al regu
la t io n s ex i s t reg a rdi ng th e s i t ua ti o n o f publi c ma rkets or
s l a ug h te r h o us es o r buryi n g g ro un d s a n d h e ur es tha t
-
g
-
,

s t ep s s h o uld be a t o n c e t a k en to fo rbi d i rreg ul a r iQ o f

buildi n g a n d t o e n s ure t he c o n s tr uc t i o n a ft e r a n o rd é'P
,
 THE M A K IN G o r M O D E R N CA C L U TTA . 63

s y s tema tic f a s hi o n o f s treet s a n d l a n es w hi c h h a v e hither

,

t o bee n fo r med w ith o ut a tt en ti o n t o t h e h ea lth c o n v en i en c e , ,

o r s a fet y o f t h e i n h a bit a n t s Thi r t y o f t h e l ea di n g c i ti z en s

.

o f C a l c ut t a w er e sel ec t ed t o f o r m a To w n I mp r ov emen t

C o mmi t t ee a n d to c a rry t he Govern o r Gen era l s sc h eme

,
-
’

i n t o ex ec ut i o n E x t en s i ve en q ui ri es w ere s et o n foo t a n d
.
,

i mpr ov em en ts a s ex t en s i ve w er e s a n c ti o n ed B ut t he pro .

t d a s did s o m a n y o f t he p r o j ec t s o f VV elles ley

j fl
'
’

c e s u e re , ,

fro m th e ma gn itud e o f t he s c a l e upo n w hi c h it w a s

d es i g n ed : a n d w h en he q ui t ted I n di a in Augus t 1 805 h is , ,

d rea m o f a n E mp i re City w a s s till v ery fa r fr o m rea l i z a ti o n .

His mea s ures of m un i c ip a l r efo r m w er e in a ugur a t ed ho w

eve r n on e t oo s oo n . In
rd a pp ea ra n c e i n d eed t h e
o ut w a , ,

E uro p ea n q ua r t er o f C a l c ut t a w a s a s pa l a ti a l a n d i mpo s i n g
a s c o uld be d esc ri bed L o rd V a l en ti a w h o h o n o ured t he
.
,

c ity w i th h is pr es en c e i n 1 803 w a s muc h i mpr es s ed w i t h it s

,

” “
g e n e r a l a s pec t . T h e t ow n o f C a l c ut t a h e w rit es i
,
s ,

a t pr es en t w e ll w o r t hy o f be i n g t h e sea t o f o ur I n di a n Go

v ern men t , bo th fro m i t s s i z e a n d fro m t he ma g n i fi c en t

b uild i n g s w hi c h d ec o r a t e th e p a r t o f it i n h a bi t ed by E uro
p ea n s . The c i t a d el o f Fo r t W illi a m is a v ery fi n e w o rk ,

but g r ea t ly t oo l a rg e fo r d efen c e The E s pl a n a d e l ea v es a

.

r a n d o p en i n g o n t he ed ge o f w hi c h is pl a c ed t h e n ew
g ,

G ov e rn men t H o us e er ec t ed by Lo rd W ell es l ey a nobl e

, ,

s t ruct ur e, a l t h o ug h n o t w ith o ut f a ult s i n t h e a r c hit ec t ur e ,

a n d up o n t h e w h o l e n o t un w o rt hy o f i t s d es t i n a ti o n
, , On a .

l i n e w ith t hi s edi fi c e is a r a n ge o f ex c ell en t h o us es c h u ,

n a med a n d o r n a men t ed w i t h v e ra nd a h s C h o w ri ngh ee.

,

a n en t ire v ill a ge o f p a l a c es r un s fo r a c o n s ide ra ble l eng th

,

a t rig ht a n g l es w ith it , a n d a l t og et h er fo rms t he fi n es t

 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D N EW .
'

i
v ew I ev e r beh eld in a n y c i ty The n oble V isc o un t is l es s
.

en t h us i a s ti c h o w ev e r w h e n h e c o mes t o t r ea t o f t h e p urel y
, ,
” “
I n di a n q ua rter . The B l a c k To w n he co n ti n ues ,
is ,

a s c o m pl et e a c o n tr a s t t o thi s a s c a n w ell be c o n cei v ed It s .

s t r eet s a re n a rro w a n d dir t y ; t h e h o us e s o f t w o s t o ri es , ,

o cc a s i o n a lly bri c k but gen er a lly mud a n d th a tc hed p er

, , ,

fec t ly r es embli n g t h e c a bi n s o f t h e po o res t c l a s s i n I re

la nd . An d i f w e a re t o c redit o th er o bs e rv er s h e w o ul d
, ,

h a v e h a d m uc h t he s a me p i c t ur e t o dra w o f th e E ng l i s h
S et t l emen t i f he ha d c h o s en t o pr o be be l o w t h e s urf a c e .

Ac c o rdi n g t o W illi a m M a c ki n t o s h w h o p ubli s h ed h i s

'

Tr a v el s in E uro p e As i a a n d A fri c a
, i n 1 782 th ere w a s
, ,

n o t a s p o t w h e r e j ud g e men t t a s t e d ec en c y a n d c o n v e n i
, ,

e n c e a re s o g r o s s ly i n s ul t ed a s i n t h a t s ca t t ere d a n d c o n
,

f us ed c h a o s o f h o us es h ut s s h ed s s t reet s l a n es a ll e y s
, , , , , ,

w i n di n g s g ut t er s s i n k s a n d t a n k s w hi c h j umbl ed i n t o a n
, , ,

un di s t i n g ui s h ed ma s s o f fi l t h a n d c o rr up t i o n eq ua lly o ff e n ,

s i v e t o h uma n s e n s e a n d h ea l t h c o mp o s e t he c a pi t a l o f t h e
,

E n g li s h C o m p a n y s G o v er n men t i n I n di a Th e v e ry s m a ll
'

po r t i o n o f c l e a n li n es s w hi c h it e n j o y s is o w i ng t o t h e
fa m ili a r i n t e rc o ur s e o f h un g ry j a c k a l s by n i g h t a n d ra v e n ,

o us v ul t ur es ki t es a n d c ro w s by da y In li k e ma n n e r
, .

i t is i n d eb t ed t o t h e s mo k e r a i s ed in p ubli c s t r eet s i n t e m ,

p o r a ry h ut s a n d s h e d s fo r a n
y ,r e s pi t e i t e n j o y s fr o m mo s

q u i t o e s t,h e n a t u r a l pr o d uc t i o n o f s t a g n a t ed a n d p utrid
w a t er s . An d h e pr oc eed s i n c o n t i n en t ly t o rec o mmen d i t s
r emo v a l to t he c l ea n ly a n d s a l ubri o us a t mo s ph e r e o f

Ch a n d ern a go re M a c ki n t o s h m i g h t it is tr ue h a ve pa us ed
.
, , ,

bef o r e pe n n i n g t hi s fo r mid a bl e i n di c t men t t o r eflec t ,

t h a t n o t hi n g c o uld h a v e bee n fi l t h ier o r mo r e i n s a n i t a ry

t h a n L o n d o n i t s e lf a t t h e p eri o d o f w hi c h he w a s w ri ti n
g .
1 66 CA L C UTTA O LD AN D N EW .

’
in i
c o n n ec t o n w i t h t he buildi n g o f S t J o h n s Ch urc h w h en
.
,

a S p ec i a l L o t t ery C o mmi s s i o n o f n i n e g en t l eme n w e r e a p

p o i n t ed to c a rry t he s c h eme i n t o ex ec ut i o n In 1 7 9 3 w e
.

fi n d t he C o mmi s s i o n er s fo r t h e B en g a l L o t t ery i s s ui ng
t e n t h o us a n d t i c k et s a t t hir t y t w o r up ees ea c h a n d o fferi n g
-
,

t en p er c e n t o f t h eir t a ki n g s t o t h e C o m mi t t ee o f t h e
.

N a t i v e H o s pi t a l w hi c h w a s t h e n s i t ua t ed in t h e F o ujd a ri
,

B a l a kh a n a a t t h e c o r n er o f C h it p o re R oa d a n d C o loo t o ll a h ,

t o w hi c h ref ere n c e h a s a lr ea dy been ma d e i n a n e a rli er

’
c h a p t er a s t h e o fli c ia l r es id en c e i n C a l c ut t a o f t he N a bo b s

repr es en t a t i v e a t H oo ghly The o ffer it is t r ue w a s de

.
, ,

c l i n ed a n d t h e mo n ey w a s ev en t ua lly d ev o t ed t o t he r el i ef
,

o f i n s o l v en t d eb to r s B ut t h e pra c t i c e bec a me a fa v o uri t e

.

o ne ,
a n d bet w een 1 805 a n d 1 81 7 a p o r t i o n o f t h e pr o c eeds

o f l o t t e ri es w a s re ul a rly s e t a s id e fo r p ubli c p urpo s es

g .

W i t h t h e fun d s s o proc ured ma n y t a n k s w ere dug t h e

, ,

To w n H a ll w hi c h h a d been beg un un d e r t h e a us pi c es o f
,

W ell es l ey w a s c o mpl et ed in 1 81 3 i n t he t i me o f L o rd
,

M i n t o t h e B ellia g h a t t a C a n al w a s c o n s t r uc t ed a n d n u
,

mero us ro a d s w e re ma d e Amo ng t h es e l a s t w a s E ll i o t
.

R o a d w h i c h w a s n a me d a ft e r J o h n E lli o t t h e Pres id en t
, ,

o f t h e B o a rd s o f P o li c e a n d C o n s e rv a n c y w h o w a s in 1 81 3
,

pres en ted by t he merc h a n t s o f t h e c i t y w ith a n a c c o mmo

d a t i o n bo a t in rec o g n iti o n o f h i s ex er t i o n s in t he s up
pres s i o n o f t h e ga n g ro bberi es o r d a c o i t i es th en s o p rev a
l en t in C a l c ut t a .

The Lo t t ery C o mmi s s i o n er s h eld o ffi c e fo r t hree yea rs .

To t h em s uc c eed ed i n 1 81 7 t he fa mo us L o tte ry C o m
”
mit t ee w h i c h un d er t he a ut h o ri t y o f Go v e r n men t t o o k
,

o ve r t h e ba l a n c e o f t h e pr ev i o us s ev en t een l o t t eri es a g g re
 m:
r M A K IN G O F M O D E R N CA L C U TTA . 1 67

g a t n i
g fo ur a n d a h a lf l a kh s o f r upees Thi s C o mmi t t ee
.

l oo k ed a ft e r t he a ffa ir s o f t he to w n un t il t he y ea r 1 836 ,

t h e o n ly d ep a rt me n t n o t un d er t h eir c o n tr o l bei n g t h e

c o n s e rv a n c y w hi c h rema i n e d a s be fo re i n t h e h a n d s o f t he
, ,

B o a rd o f J us t i c es To t h em C al c ut t a i s i n d ebt ed fo r a
.

l o n g c a t a l og ue o f i mpro v emen t s : a n d th ey ma y j us t ly
c l a i m t o be h eld in g r a t e ful r ememb r a n ce a s her s ec o n d

fo un d er s . R o a d s a n d p a t h s w ere run a c ro s s t he M a id a n
a n d t he f a mili a r ba l us t r a d es s et up N umer o us t a n k s
.

w e r e ex c a v a t ed i n a ll p a r t s o f t he t o w n f ro m S h o r t s B a za r
’

t o S o o rt iba g a n w hi c h pres er v es t h e memo ry o f t he S urt i

,

o r l o t t ery p ri z e t ha t r es ul t ed i n it s p urc h a s e Th e S t r a n d
.

R o a d w a s c o mpl et ed in 1 828 but i t ma d e it s w a y t o H a s t

,

i ng s behi n d a n d n o t in fro n t O f P rin s ep s G h at w hi c h w a s

’
,

er ec t ed s o me t w en t y y ea r s l a t er The h a n d s o me ro a d w a y
.
,

w hi c h tr a v er s e s t he c i t y fro m n o r t h t o s o ut h un d e r t he

n a mes o f C o r n w a lli s S t r eet C o ll eg e S t reet \V ell in g t o n

, ,

St reet W ell es l ey S t r eet a n d W oo d S t r eet ma y be s i g n a ll ed

, ,

o ut a s an o t he r n o t a bl e ill us tr a t i o n o f t he Co mm itt ee s
’

vi o ur a n d a c t i v ity
g U n d e r t h eir s upe rv i s i on w e r e c o n
.

s t ruc t ed a l s o t h e fi n e s q ua r ea c h w ith a l a r e t a n k in
es , g
the cen t re w hi c h li e a l o n g i t s c o urs e
, . Th e i mpro v ement
effec ted w a s i mmen s e Th e s i t e o f C o rn w a lli s S q ua r e w a s
.

lo ng o f ev il r ep ut e o n a c c o un t o f t he n ume r o us murd ers

co mmi t t ed t h e r e .W elli n g t o n S q ua re s w ep t o ut o f ex i s t
enc e a ma s s o f w r et c h ed h ut s i n h a bi t ed b l r w h
y a s c a s o ,

ma de t he pl a c e a ma s s O f fi l t h a n d di r t As l a t e a s 1 826
.
,

the di s t ri c t i n t he n ei g h bo urh o od o f C o ll eg e S q ua r e ,

w a s no t o ri o us a s a ren d ez v o us o f t hi ev es a n d ro ues d
g a n

no n a t i v e fo r l o v e o r mo n ey c o uld be g o t t o go t hi s
”
w a y a ft er s un s et . In o t h er q ua r t er s o f t he t o w n t h e ,
 CA L C UTTA O LD AN D N E W.

sa me p o li c y w as p ur s ued . treet s w hic h

The g ro up of s

c o mmemo ra t e t h e H a s t i ng s a n d his
v a ri o us titl es o f Lo rd

w i fe w h o w a s C o un t es s o f L o ud o un i n her o w n ri g ht a re
, ,

a l s o t h e w o rk o f t h e L o t t ery C o mmit t ee a n d w ere d es ig n ,

ed t o a ffo rd a c c es s t o t h e P a n c h ko t ee o r fi v e ma n s i o n s , .

w hi c h w ill be fo un d s ur ro un di n g R a w d o n S t reet M o i ra ,

S treet H un gerfo rd S tr eet a n d L o ud o un St reet ( a s i t s h o uld

,

be pr o p erly s p elt ) D uri n g t h e Go v ern men t o f L o rd

.

A mh er s t w h o r ul ed fr o m 1 823 t o 1 828 t he s t ree t w a s l a i d

, ,

o ut ,
w hi c h bea r s h is n a me a n d c o n n ec t s B o w B a z a r w i th

M a n ic k t o lla h S t r eet O t h e r s t reet s w ere O pen ed s t r a i g h t

.
,

en ed o r w id en ed s uc h a s F ree S c h oo l S tre
, et Ky d S t reet , ,

H a s t i ng s S t reet C reek Ro w M a n g oe L a n e a n d C o s sa i
, ,

t o ll a h t h e l a s t bei n g r en a med Be n t i n c k S t r eet i n h o n o ur

, ,

o f L o rd \ V ill i a m B en t i n c k G o v er n o r Gen er a l fr o m 1 828 t o

,
-

1 835 To t h e s a me p eri o d mus t a l s o be referr ed t h e b uild

.

i ng O f Ba bo o G h a ut o n t h e ri v e r s id e a n d t he c o n s t r uc t io n
t o i t s s o ut h w a rd o f t he R es p o n d en ti a W a lk w hi c h ha s ,

l o n g s i n c e di s a pp ea r ed but w hi c h iii i ts da y fur n i s h ed t he

,

p r e t e x t fo r m a n y a m o o n li g h t ra mbl e N o r w a s t h e a c ti
v i t y o f t h e C o mmi t t ee c o n fi n ed t o t he ma ki n o f w
d

g n e

th o ro ug h fa r es A s y s t ema t i c pl a n fo r met a lli n g t h e ro a ds

.

w a s a l s o t a k en i n h a n d a n d a q ua r t er o f a l a kh o f r up ees
,

o rd e r ed t o be y ea rly s e t a s id e fo r t h e p urpo s e .

Ma p of a ff o rds m pl e t es t i mo n y of t he
’
Sc h a lc h s 1 825 a

prog r es s t h a t w a s bei n g m a d e O ld C a l c ut t a n ow a p pea rs

.

t hi c kly p o p ul a te d t he s t reet s bei n g mo s t ly li n ed by c on t i

,

n uo us ro w s o f h o us es In t h e s o uth er n q ua rt er esp ec i a lly

.
,

t h er e h a s been a ma rk ed i n c rea s e o f ma s o n ry buildi ngs

s i n c e 1 7 94 It is w o r t h n o t i n g h o w ev er t h a t t h e E ng
.
, ,
1 70 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

M a c ho o a B a z a r i s , co mp a r a t i v ely
p ea ki n g but s pa rsely
s ,

c o v e r ed w i t h d w elli n g s pres en ti ng t o w a rd s t he n o rt h a nd
,

ea s t , ex t en s i v e g a rd en s l a rg e t a n k s a n d r ui n o us build
, ,

“
i n gs . Ta n k s a n d poo l s o f w a t er a re n o t h o w ev e r con , ,

fi n ed t o a n y p a r t i c ul a r l oc a li t y I n S c ha lc h s ma p a n enor
’
.

mo us n umber a re n o t i c ea bl e a ll o ver t h e t o w n a l most ,

e v e ry s q ua re i n c h c o n t a i n i n
g t w o o r m o r e o f t h e m "
.

Th e L o t t ery C o mmi t tee s uc c umbed i n 1 836 to t h e force

o f p ubli c o pi n i o n in E n l a n d w hi c h c o n de m n ed t h e m et hod
g
o f ra i s i n
g m o ne y f o r m u n i c ip a l p urp o s e s In i t s pl a
. ce

s pr a n
g p u t h e F e v e r H o s pi t a l C o m m i t t ee a p po i n t ed b y,

L o rd A uc kl a n d w ho r eig n ed a s G o v er n o r G en er a l from
,
-

1 836 t o 1 8 42 a n d t o w h o s e s i s t er s C a l c ut t a is i n d ebted
,

fo r t h e E d e n G a rd en s It s s c o p e w a s muc h l a rg e r t han
.

i t s n a me i mplie d a n d it w a s pres id ed o v er by t he ve ry man

,

fo r t h e p o s t Si r J o h n P et e r G r a n t P ui s n e J ud ge o f the
, ,

S upr eme C o ur t fro m 1 833 t o 1 848 a n d f a t h e r o f the ,

Li e ut en a n t G o v e r n o r o f B en g a l o f t he s a me n a me
-
Sir .

J o h n P et e r h a d a lrea dy w h en J ud ge o f t h e B o mb a y C ourt
,

i n 1 829 been t h e h ero o f a memo r a bl e co n fli c t o f ex ec utive

,

a n d j udi c i a l a ut h o ri t y w i t h S i r J o h n M a l c o l m t he G o ver ,

no r a n d it w a s o f h i m t ha t L o rd E ll en bo ro ug h th en Pr es i ,

d en t o f t he Bo a rd o f C o n t ro l w ro t e rec o mme n di n g t h a t
,

t w o c o ll ea g ues s h o uld be a pp o i n t ed t o s i t w i t h h i m in

o rd e r t o k eep h im i n c h ec k lik e a w ild el eph a n t bet w een

t w o t a me o n es . U n de r t h e s up er vi s i o n o f t hi s r es tl es s
a n d e n e rg et ic p er s o n a li t y t h e F ev er H o s pi t a l C o mmi tt ee
,

e n q ui red a nd r ep o r t ed in ev ery c o n c ei va bl e di rec t i on .

Th ei r fi r s t r ep o r t ( w hi c h w a s fo ll o w ed by t w o o t h ers ) d ea l t
w i t h a n e n o r mo us n umbe r a n d v a ri et y o f q ues t i o n s a ff ec t
 L U TTA 1 71
'

T HE M A K IN G O F M O D E R N CA C .

in g t he i y
c t : a nd t he i rrec o m men d a t i o n s ra n ged fr o m
dra i n a g e a n d c o n s erv a n c y a nd w a t er s upply t o t he es t a b
-

lis h m e n t s O f H o s pi t a l s a n d D i s p en s a ri es a n d t he i mprov e
me n t O f t he s y s t em o f co ll ec t i n g a n d a ppr o pri a t i n g t he
ta x es o f t h e t o w n . Th e i n fo r ma t i o n c o ll ec t ed by t h em ,

no l es s t h a n t he s ugg es t i o n s o ff ered h a ve h a d a mo s t
,

imp o rt a n t i n fl uen c e o n s ubs eq uen t mun i c ip a l a c ti o n but ,

t h e i r r es ea rc h es a nd deli be ra t i o n s pro duc ed n o im medi a t e

p ra c ti c a l r es ul t s o f c o n s eq uenc e ex ce p t o n e Th e mul ti pl e
.

a d m i n i s t r a ti o n o f t he t o w n by C o mmi t t ees J us ti c es o f
,

Pea c e a n d M a g i s t r a t es w a s res ul t i n g i n f ri c ti o n a n d dis

,

or a n i z a t i o n
g a n d i n 1 8 40 L o rd A u c kl a n d a t t em p t ed w ha t

w a s t h e n d eeme d t he bo ld ex p eri men t o f di v idi n g t he t ow n

o f C a l c ut t a i n t o fo ur di v i s i o n s ,
a n d em po w eri n g t h e Go

v ern m e n t , o n t h e a ppli c a ti o n o f t w o thi rd s o f t he r a t e

-

pa ye rs i n a n y di v i s io n to en t rus t t o t h em t he a s s es s men t
,

co llec t i o n a n d ma n a emen t o f t h e r a t es o n a s c h e me t o be
g
a pp ro v e d by G o v er n me n t N o t a s i n g l e a ppli c a t i o n in
.

C a l c ut t a w a s a s a ma t t er o f fa c t ma d e un d er t he Ac t
, , ,

a n d t h e i de a pro ta n t o pro v ed a fa il ur e B ut it is n ev er
.

t heles s w o r t hy o f c o mmemo ra t i o n fo r it ma rk s t he beg i n

,

ni n
g o f m o d e r n M un i c i p a l G o v er n m en t .

Lo rd E ll en bo ro ug h a ndL o rd H a rdi n g e w ho fi ll ed t h e
,

a
g p b e t w ee n th e d ep a r t ur e o f L o rd Auc kl a n d i n M a rc h

1 842 a n d t h e a rri v a l o f t he E a rl o f D a lh o us i e in 1 848 w ere ,

to o b us y w i t h s c h emes O f m ili t a ry l o ry a n d c o n q ues t t o

g
devo t e ei t h er t i me o r en ergy t o t h e embelli s h men t o r i m
pro ve m en t o f C a lc ut t a A n a t t emp t w a s ma d e h o w ev e r
.
, ,

to per s e v e r e w i t h Lo rd A uc kl a n d s s c h eme O f p a r t i a lly re

’

p s en t a t i v e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f m un i c ip a l a ffa ir s : a n d Ac t
r e
1 72 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

XV I of 1 847 con s t i t ut ed a Bo a rd of C o mmi s s ioners

S ev en
fo r t he i mpr o v emen t o f th e To w n t hr ee o f w h o m w ere,

t o be Go v e r n men t n o m i n ees whil e t h e s el ec t i o n o f the t e

,

m a i n i n g fo ur w a s l eft t o t h e ra t e p a y er s - In t h i s Board
.

w er e v es t ed t he C o n s e rv a n c y f un c ti o n s o f t h e J us ti c es a nd ,

t h ey w e re emp o w er ed t o a pply mun i c ip a l fun d s t o w a rds

t h e r eli e f o f c o n g es t ed a r ea s a n d t he o p e i g
n n o ut o f n e w

s t r eet s
. The ex p e r im en t w a s a n i n t er es t i n g o n e b ut t here ,

w ere n o t w a n t i n g t h o s e w ho l a men t ed t h e pa s s i n g a w a y of

t h e d a y s w h en a c a p t a i n of e n g i n ee r s h a d h a d s o l e c h a rge

o f m un i c ip a l a rr a n e men t s d t h L t t ry C mm i tt ee
g a n ,
e o e o

ha d bee n bus y t ran s fo r mi ng t he f a c e O f t h e C i ty : a nd

it w a s s a i d t h a t t h e B o a rd o f w ho m fo ur w er e E n gli sh
, ,

men a n d t hree I n di a n s t a lk ed a g rea t d ea l w r o t e more

, , .

a n d did v e ry li t t l e t h a t w a s d
g o o .

Th e a d v en t o f Lo rd D a lh o us i e w a s t he s i g n a l fo r reforms
o f a fa r rea c hi n
-
g c h a r a c t er .He w a s q ui c k t o r ec ognise

t h a t o n e o f t h e c hie f n eed s o f C a lc ut t a w a s p ur e w a ter ,

t h a t i t w a s n o l es s i m p o rt a n t t ha t mea n s s h o uld be t a ken

t o i n t r o d uc e a pr o pe r s y s t em o f s ew e r a ge a n d d r a i n age ,

a n d t h a t a s urv ey o f t h e t o w n w a s ur en tl y r eq ui r ed fo r the
g
p urp o se O f a s c er t a i n i n g i t s ma n i fo ld de fec t s O n e o f his
.

fi r s t mea s ur es w a s th e p a s s i n g o f a n Ac t w hi c h c on t a i ned
pr o v i s i o n s fo r t he c a rryi n g i n t o ex ec ut i o n o f t h es e
r efo r ms by t h e Bo a rd o f C o mmi s s i o n ers a n d o rd ,

s ur v ey t o w hi c h w e o w e S i m ms S urv ey M a p a n d r ep o rt
’

t h e c o n di t i o n o f t he t o w n i n 1 850 A furt h e r s t e p w a s
.

t a k en i n 1 852 w h e n t h e n um be r o f C o m mi s s i o n e rs w
,

r ed uc ed t o fo ur w ho r ec ei v ed a mo n t hly s a l a ry o f Rs
, .

a n d t h e fo ur di s t ri c t s i n t o w hi c h L o rd Auc kl a n d h a d d iv
 C H A P TE R X I I .

B E TW E E N TH E TW E N T I E S AN D T HE FI FTIE S .

A L THO U G H ma t eri a l of muc h i n t er es t h a s a c c umu

l a t ed w i th rega rd t o t he t o pog r a phy o f C a l c ut t a o f a
c en t ury o r ev en a c en t ury a n d a h a lf a g o a p eri od a l mo s t
,

a s a t tr a c t i ve h a s b een s t r a n g ely n eg lec t ed . Ho w li ttle

a re t he pres en t g e n er a ti o n a c q ua i n t ed w i t h p e rso n al i ti es

a n d e v en t s w hi c h a bs o r be d p ubli c i n te res t d uri n g t he

d ec a des i mmedi a t ely prec edi n g a n d s ucc eedi n g t he M ut i ny !
W e s pea k o f t he c h a n ges w hi c h h a ve t ra n s fo r me d the
L a n d w e Li v e in d uri ng t he peri o d o f o ur o w n bri ef .

s o j o ur n o f fi f t een, t w e n t y a n d ev en thirty y ea r s : b ut w h at

o f t he mo men t o us y ea r s w hi c h w it n es s ed t he a ll p erv a di n
g
-

en e rgy o f D a lh o us i e a n d t h e w i s e s t a t es ma n s hi p o f C a n

n i n g ? L et us by t h e s e l ec t i o n o f th ree ep o c h s i n t h e ca r eer

o f a s i ng l e g r ea t A n g l o I n di a n en d ea v o ur t o r e a l i z e h o w
-

c o mp l et e i s th e di v o rc e bet w een t he Ben g a l o f o urs el v es

a n d o ur f a t her s,
a n d s t ill mo r e o f o ur g r a n df a t h e r s .

In t he y ea r 1 854 t he l o w er prov i nc es o f B en g a l w ere

c o n s ti t ut ed a s ep a r a t e s ubo rdi n a t e g o v e r n men t a n d S ir
,

F r ed eri c k H a llid a y t o g i v e h im t he bel a t ed t i t l e c o n fe rred

up o n h im a ft er h is r et ir em
,

en t w a s a pp o i n t ed t h e fi rs t
,

Li euten a n t Go v er n o r W h en h e h a d l a n d ed in J un e 1 825
-
.
, ,

a s a y o ung w rit er o n t he ba n k s o f t he H oo h l y L o rd
g ,

Amh ers t ha d been fo r t w o y ea r s Go ver n o r Gen e ra l a t F o rt

-

W illi a m As s a m h a d j us t been w r es t ed fro m t he B urm es e

.

a n d S i r A r c hi ba ld C a mp bell w a s fo rc i ng t h e a rrog a n t K i ng
 B E TW E E N T HE TW E N TI E S AN D THE F I FTI E S .

of Ava t o p urc h a s e pea c e by t he c es s i o n o f A rra c a n a n d

Ten a ss eri m An a t t emp t t o re a c h M a n ipo re by t h e C a c h a r
.

ro ut e w hi c h L o rd C urz o n t ra v ers ed i n p erfec t s ec uri t y in

,

1 901 , h a d n o t l o ng befo re been utt erly Ba ffl ed by th e

ha rd s hip s o f a ma rc h t hro ug h a n un b r o ken s ucc es s i o n o f
s t ee p h ill s a n d h o ll o w s c o v e r ed w i t h p a t hl es s fo r es t s a n d
,

bes et w i t h d eep q ua g mi res The i m pr eg n a bl e fo r t res s o f

.

Bh urt po re w hi c h ha d d efi ed t h e a s s a ul t s o f L a k e w a s i n
, , ,

the c o ur s e o f a few mo n t h s t o o pe n h er g a t es t o C o m
,

berm ere t he bea u w hi m " o f t h e P en i n s ul a r W a r La ho r e

,
.
,

R a n g oo n N a g po re a n d K urr a c h ee s t o od s ull en ly o ut s id e
,

th e c o n fi n es o f B ri t i s h t erri t o ry
- S ir Th o ma s M un ro s t ill
.
,

rem e mbe red i n Sout h er n I ndi a a s t h e fa t h er o f t h e p eo pl e ,

w a s G o v e rn o r i n M a dr a s a n d M o un t s t ua rt E lphi n s t o n e i n
, ,

B o m ba y . A y ea r h a d s t i ll t o run befo re R eg i n a ld H ebe r

w a s t o m eet h is d ea t h i n t he f a t a l s w i mm i n b a t h a t T r i
g
c h i n O pO ly J o h n La w renc e w a s a c a d et a t H a il ey bury
.
,

a n d Hen ry H a v el o c k a s uba l t er n i n a m arc hi n r i m t

g eg e n .

Th e P r ime M i n i s ter o f E n g l a n d w a s Lo rd Li v erp oo l w h o s e ,

g r a n d m o t h e r h a d been t h e w ife o f a member o f C o un c il a n d

a p ri s o n e r o f S er a j ud D ow l a h a t M oo rs hed a b a d i n t he
- -

d a y s o f t h e B l a c k H o l e D a rj eeli n g w a s un k n o w n a n d
.
,

w h e n D r C a mp bell t o o k c h a r e o f t h e di s t ri c t th i rt y ea r s
.
g y
la t e r it c o n t a i n ed o n ly tw en t y fa mili es
, S i ml a a c q ui r ed
.
,

a t t h e c l o s e o f t h e G oo rkh a W a r i n 1 81 6 w a s bo a s t i n f
, g o

he r fi r st p er m a n en t h o us e : a n d i t w a s n o t un t il 1 829 t h a t
Lo rd A mh er s t s pen t t he s ummer t h e r e a n d s et t h e ex a mpl e
w h i c h S i r J o h n L a w ren c e s t er eo t yp ed i n 1 86 4 C a l c ut t a
.

w a s i n t h e h a n d s o f t h e i n d efa t i g a bl e L o tt ery C o mm i t t ee .

Her m e rc h a n t p ri n c es w ere a t t h e z en i t h o f t h eir pro s pe rity

-

and t h e s h a d o w w a s s t ill di s t a n t o f t h e t erri bl e y ea rs

 1 76 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N Ew .

bet w een 1 830 a nd 1 834, w hi c h i

l pse
w t n es s e d t he col a

o f t he g r ea t ba n ki n g h o us es o f t h e c i ty
- w i t h l i a b i li ti es ,

ex c eedi n g s i x t een milli o n s s t erli n g a n d i n v o l v ed i n on e

i t i r ui t h m ilit a ry a n d c i v ili a n f a m il i es o f B en ga l
g g a n c n e .

Th e G o v er n o r G en era l w a s in f a c t a s w ell a s i n n a me the

-
, ,

i m medi a t e r ul er o f t he Pres id en c y o f F o rt W illi a m Bel -

.

v ed e r e ,
w hi c h H al lid a y w a s t o o c c upy t w e n t y n i n e y ea rs -

l a t er w a s t he res id en c e o f S i r E d w a rd P a g et t he C om
, ,

ma n d er ln Chi ef a n d t h e o ffi c e o f D ep ut y G o v ern o r of
- -

B en ga l w hi c h s e r v ed a s a h a lf w a y h o us e t o t he L ie ut e
,
-

n a n t G o v e r n o r s hip
- w a s n o t t h o ug h t o f un t il 1 833
, .

I n t h es e d a y s o f r a pid t ra v el w h e n t h e j o ur n ey fro m,

B o mba y t o B ri n di s i c a n be c o m pl eted in l es s t han

a fo r t n i g h t it i s dii fli c ult t o r ea li s e t h a t th e re w a s a t i me
,

w h en t h e v o y a g e t o I n di a w a s a n un d er t a ki n g w hi c h w a s

n o t t o be l ig h t ly a t t e m p t ed Y et s o it w a s
. S ir J o h n .

S h o r e w o uld n o t a ll ow h is w i fe t o a c c o m p a n y h i m t o
I n di a s o i mpres s ed w a s he w i t h t h e di ffi c ul t i es a n d d a n
’

g e r s o f t he l o n g c i r c ui t r o un d t he C a p e A n d a s t h e n ew .

c e n t ury s uc c e eded t he O l d t h er e w a s n o t muc h i mp ro v e

,

m en t t o s h o w H ebe r w ho left E ng l a n d o n J une 1 6

.
, ,

1 823 w a s t h o ug h t t o h a v e d o n e re ma rk a bly w ell i n rea c h

, ,

in g S a ugo r R o a ds o n O c t o ber 3 W h en Lo rd Auc kla n d

.

a n d h is s i s t e r s c a me o ut i n 1 836 t he y w er e fi v e mo n th s o n
,

t he hi g h s ea s ; a n d M i s s E d en w ri t es i n t he mo s t ma t t er o f -

fa c t w a y W e a re n o w w i t hi n 200 mil es o f the S a n d

he a d s but w e ma y be a w eek rea c hi ng th em I w a s t elli n g
, .

G eo rg e ( h er b ro t h e r) l a s t n i g h t t h a t w h en c hild ren lea rn

t h ei r I n di a n H i s t o ry t h ey w ill c o me t o
, S ir C M et ca l fe .

beg a n t o r ei g n i n 1 835 prec ed ed by Geo rge o f Auc kl a nd

, ,
1 78 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

n ec es s a ry to ma k e t h e mo s t e a bo
l
r a t e pr ep a r a t i o n s before
t a ki n g a j o ur n ey ov erl a n d I h a ve t h roug h my f ri end
.
“
,

M r G r a h a m p urc h a s ed t hree pa l a n q ui n s in w hi c h Mr
.
, , .

”
S a lt I a n d my E n gl is h s erv a n t proc eed by d a w k ; w ri t es
, , ,

Lo rd V a l en t i a fro m C a l c utt a in 1 803 w h en o n t he p oi nt ,

of s t a rti n g fo r S ec ro le t he E ng l i s h c a n t o n me n t
, of

B en a res i n o rd er t o beg i n h is t o ur i n U p per I n di a my ,

l ugga g e go es c hi efl y by t he G a n ges i n a s ma ll bo a t es ,

c o rt ed by t w o s ep o y s a n d un d er t h e c a r e o f t w o o f my

n a t i v e s e rv a n t s W e t a k e w i t h us i n d eed i n s ix ba n g ys
.
, ,

m s h o uld ers )
’

( w i c k e r b a s k et s s l un g on an s s uffi c i ent

c h a n ges o f li n en un til t h e o t h e r s a rri v e w hi c h fro m t h e ,

l o w n es s o f t he w a t er w ill p ro ba bly n o t be fo r th ree mo n th s

, ,

a s t h e C o s s i mba z a r ri v er i s c l o s ed a n d t h ey a re o b l iged t o
,

”
proc eed by t he S un derbun ds Th e idea l o f r a pid tr a n s i t
.

h a d ev id en t ly s t ill t o be a t t a i n ed i n 1 81 7 a s w it n es s t he ,

fo ll o w i ng ex t r a c t fro m a C a l c ut t a n ew s p a p e r o f t h e d a y :
It m a y g i v e s o me id ea o f t he r a pidi t y o f t h e s t rea m a t
t hi s s ea s o n o f t h e y ea r ( S ep t e mbe r) i f w e ma y o bs erv e th a t

a g en tl ema n h a s r ec en tl y a rri v ed in C a l c utt a w h o w a s o n l

y
n i n e a n d a h a l f d a y s o n h is
p a s s a g e fr o m C a w n p o r e H is .

Lo rd s hip t he G ov e r n o r G en er a l (th e M a rq ues s o f H a s ti n gs )

-

m a y be ex pec t ed t o r ea c h C a w n p o re a bo ut t he 1 5th ,

ma ki n g t h e v o y a ge in a bo ut t w o m o n t h s O n t he l s t o f .

S ep t em be r h e ha d a rri v ed a t All a h ab a d
,
N o t man y .

y ea r s l a t er in t he d a y s o f H eber t he ri v er w a s s t i ll the
, ,

pri n c ip a l met h o d o f l oc o mo ti o n The w o rthy B i s h o p w a s

.

t hr ee w ee k s o n h i s j o ur n ey fro m C a l c utt a t o D a c ca a n d

mo r e t h a n a mo n t h fr o m D a cc a t o B en a r es An d i f w e .

w i s h t o r ea l iz e h o w c l o s ely t h e t r ag edi es o f life w ere s o me

t i mes b r o ug h t h o me t o t he t r a v ell er s o f t h e t i me w e h a v e ,
 B E TW E E N T HE T W E N TIE S AN D n us FI FTH -
ZS . 1 79

o nl y t o t a k e up o n c e a g a i n t h e di a ry o f M rs F e n t o n .S h e .

re l a t es fo r i n s t a n c e h ow s he goes dri v i ng on e mo rn i n g a t
, ,

C h i n s ur a h a n d o n h er w a y h o me n o t i c es a budgero w n ea r
t h e g h a ut w ea ri n g a pec uli a r a i r o f di s a rr a n g emen t K h id .

i g o rs a n d a dh o bee s it s mo ki ng o n t h e r oo f a nd it i s o n ly ,

t h e p res en c e o f a n umber o f a rti c l es o f ba gga ge th a t d en o t e

t h e e x i s t en c e o f a n i n h a bit a n t E n q ui ry eli c i t s t h e r eply

.

T h e bo a t bel o n g s t o D un d a s S a h i b : he di ed y es t erd a y
”
n ea r S a n t i po re The un fo r t un a t e ma n ha d l eft B erh a m
.

r o n s i c k l ea v e i n t en di n g t o pr oc eed t o E ur o p e an d
p o e , ,

fo un d hi ms elf o v ert a k en by dea t h i n t he l o n ely r ea c h es o f

t h e ri v e r w h en c a re a n d c o m p a n i o n s hi p mi g ht p e rh a p s
,

h a v e s a v ed hi m W e t urn ov er a few p a ges a n d rea d

.
,

o f C o l o n e l a n d M rs Ch a l mer s o f t he 4l s t R eg i men t re
.

t ur n i n g w i t h t h eir d a ug h t er t o B a n g a l o r e fr o m a v i s i t t o

a d is t a n t s ta ti o n Th e f a t h er a n d mo th er a re a t t a c k ed
.

s i m ul t a n eo us ly w i t h c h o l er a a n d t h e p oo r
, g i rl i s l eft a l o n e

i n a t e n t w ith t he d ea d bo d i es o f her p a r en t s , d es er te d by
h e r s e rv a n ts a n d fa r remo v ed fr o m E uro pea n a id
, H a rdly .

l e s s p i t i f ul i s t h e s to ry t o ld t o M rs F en t o n by h er o w n .

b ro t h e r Tr a v el li n g i n M a dr a s t h r o ugh s o me remo t e
.

c o un t r y h e c o mes up w i t h a p a lk ee o n t he
g, r o u n d w i t h ,

o ut b e a r e r s He a lig ht s fro m hi s c o n v ey a n c e a n d dr a w s
.

b a c k t h e d oo r t o fi n d a y o un g ma n lyi n g w ithi n d ea d .

U n d er irc ums t a n c es s uc h a s t h es e t he ba l a n c e o f dis

c ,

a d v a n t a g e s eems even ly s t r uc k bet w een a v o y ag e by w a t e r

a nd a j o ur n ey o n l a n d B ut it w a s a c a s e o f H o bs o n s
.
’

c h o ic e ,
a s f a r a s B en g a l w a s c o n c er n ed R o a d s w er e .

o ffi c i a l l y r eg a rd ed a s a s up erfl uit y in t h a t pr o v i n c e : a n d it

w a s up o n o n e o c c a s i o n s o l em n ly pl a c ed up o n r ec o rd by t he
1 80 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

Ho n ble Co ur t o f D ir ec t o rs th a t t he d evel op men t o f c om

’

merc e in t he prov i n c e a n d t he c o n v en i en c e of t he peo ple,

w er e a mfl y pr o v id ed fo r by t he ma n y n a v iga bl e w a t erw a ys

to be fo un d in a l l dir ec ti o n s thr oug h o ut t he yea r I n his

.

a mus i n g s k et c h o f life i n I n di a w hic h he h a s c a ll ed

P eregri n e P ult en ey S i r J o h n W illi a m K a y e h a s m a n y a
,

i be t o c a s t a t t he ba d n es s o f t h e ro a d s i n C a l c utt a a n d
g
i t s n eigh bo urh o o d in t he y ea r 1 844 . W h a t a re the
”
peo pl e t o do in a n un pi c t ures q ue c oun try he s a y s
, if
,
”
t h ey h a v e n o h o l es a n d r ut s t o s w ea r a t by th e w a y ?

N o w a d a y s h o w ma n y s a hi bs are the re w ho tr o ub le th ei r
,

h ea d s over t he ma n n er i n w hi c h the P ubli c W o rks D ep a rt

men t l oo k a f te r t he hi gh ro a d s ? N o o n e o n t he B o m ba y
s id e o r a n y w h e re else h a s ev er h ea rd o f t he mo n um en t

er ec t ed t o c o mmemo r a te t h e o p en i ng o f t h e B h o r G h at t o

w h eel ed t r a ffic . W e w hi rl a l o ng in o ur fi rs t c l a s s c a r
-

riag es ,
w rit e t o t h e n ew s p a per s t o c o m pl a i n i f o ur t ra i n

is a n h o ur l a t e a n d g i v e nev er a t h o ug h t t o t he O ld
,

ma rc hi n g r o ute s t rodd en by s o ma n y o f o ur s o ld i e rs
, .

A n d y et it is o n ly s i n c e 1 87 1 th a t Bo m ba y ha s bee n in
direc t c o mmun i c a ti o n w i t h C a l c ut t a a n d M a dra s ; a n d
t h e E a s t C o a s t br a nc h o f t h e B en g a l N a g p o r e R a il w a y
-

is t he c rea t i o n o f th e p a s t few y ea r s . W e th in k n o t h i n g
o f s en di n g a d eferr ed t el eg r a m a t h o us a n d mil es f o r f o ur

a n na s , a n d w e ex p ec t a s a ma tt er o f c o ur s e
,
t o be a bl e
,

t o s en d a l ett er fr o m o n e e nd o f t h e P en i n s ul a t o t h e

o t he r fo r h a l f a n a n n a . Y et it i s o n ly s i n ce t h e da y s o f
Lo rd D a lh o us i e th a t w e h a ve been a bl e t o do t he o n e o r
ot he r. S t ill mo r e w o n d erful if p os s i bl e ha s bee n t h e
, ,

ch ea pen i ng o f t he r a t es o f po s t a ge betw een E ngla n d a n d

I n di a The c uri ous ma y s ti l l rea d, in the B o m ba y

.
 1 82 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N Ew .

w ti h t he h o s pi t a bl e h o mes o f pro s p er o us i n di go p l a n t ers -

B urd w a n h a s n o t yet bee n ro bbed by ma l a ri a o f the

rep ut a t i o n a s a s a n i t a ri um it en j o y s a l o n g w i t h B h a g al po re
a n d M o n g hyr In C a l c ut t a t h ere i s n o U n i v e rs i t y no
. ,

Pro v i n c i a l L eg i s l a t i v e C o un c il n o I n d i a n M us e um in ,

C ho w ri n g hee n o C o rpo r a t i o n n o P o r t Tr us t n o H o o ghly

, , ,

B rid g e The V o l un t eer mo v e men t a w a i t s t he M uti n y to

.

c a ll it i n t o e x i s t en c e The re a re n o P en a l a n d P r o c ed ure
.

C o d es a n d n o E v id en c e Ac t : a n d t he C o mp a n y s a n d the
’

Q ueen s C o ur t s a re di s t i n c t B ef o r e t he c i v ili a n j udg e s o f

’
.

t h e S udd e r D ew a n n y Ad a w l ut a n d t h eir n a t i v e l a w o ffi c ers

a t B ho w a n ip o re pl ea d er s a n d m o o n s h ees a re a rgu i n g a h
,

s t r us e q ue s t i o n s o f H i n d o o a n d M a ho med a n la w i n P e r s i a n .

I n t h e C o ur t H o us e o n t he E s pl a n a d e Si r H en r y S et o n
a n d h is c o l l ea g ues o f t h e S upr eme C o urt a d mi n i s t e r t he

l a w s o f E n gl a n d i n E n g li s h a n d ex erc i s e a s ep a ra t e j uris
di c t i o n o v er a ll w ho r es id e w i thi n t he li mi t s o f t h e M a h
r a tt a D i t c h .

An d w h a t p ec t o f C a lc utt a i ts elf ? W e a re fo r
o f t he a s

t un a t e en o ug h i n t hi s r es p ec t t o be a ble t o a s s ure o ur

s el v es , if w e w ill by p ers o n a l c o n v ers a t i o n w i t h a n e y e

,

*
w i t n es s Fo r t h ere is vet li v i n g i n C a l c ut t a h a l e a n d
.
,

h ea rty a n h o n o ured c i t i z en w h o s e memo ri es d a t e ba c k t o

,

M r R obert B el cha mbers , kn ow n

. to th ree gen era t i on s of j ud g es
and l a w ye rs as an i n di s p en sab l e an d i n def a ti ga bl e ofi ci a l an d a

f ri en d , mus t f o rgive th e w ri t er i f be h ere

'

va l ued a c kn o w l ed es th e
g
ki n dn es s and c ourtesy w i th w hi c h h is en q ui ri es w ere met a n d
a n s w ered . I t is
i ven to ma n
n ot E n l i h men i In di t r th e
g y g s n a o se ve

St a t e f a i th f ul l y a n d con t i n uo us l y f o r fi f ty-on e yea rs , a n d t o b e

a s v i go rous an d ca p a bl e o f w o rk a f t er reti remen t f ro m a l a borio us

offi c e, a s M r B elch a mbers p roves hi ms el f

. to be .
 B E TW E E N T HE T W E N TI E S AN D THE FI FTIE S . 1 83

t his ve ry y ea r 1 848 . p e r s o n a h o s t o f b y go n e a s s o
I n his
c i a t io n s a n d fo rg o t t en t r a d i t i o n s a re en s hri n ed He c a n .

c a rry h i s r ec o ll ec t i o n ba c k t o t he t i me w h en t h e B i s h o p s
’

P a l a c e ha d o n ly j us t been remo v ed fr o m R us s ell S t reet t o

C h o w rin g h ee w h en S t P a ul s C a t h edr a l w a s i n t h e fi r s t
’
.
,

a r f i t e x i s t en c e w h en G a rd en R ea c h did n o t beli e
y e o s ,

h er n a me a n d w a s s t ill f a m o u s f o r s p a c i o us m a n s i o n s

a n d s h a dy g a rd en s a n d w h en L o rd D a lh o us i e m i g h t be
,

s ee n p er so n a l ly s up eri n t en d i n g t h e pl a n t i n g o f t h e t r ees

w hi c h a re t he g l o ry t o da y o f t he M a id a n -
Th ere a re n o
.

f o o t p a t h s i n t h e s t r eet s Adj ut a n t bi rd s p erc h o n ev ery

.

roo f a n d pi n n a c l e o r s t a lk a bo ut a s s i s ti n g t he j a c k a l s

a n d t h e B o a rd o f C o m m i s s i o n er s i n t h e s c a v en g i n g o f t h e

tow n . M o s t o f t he h o us es i n t he E uro p ea n q ua r t e r s t a n d
i n t h ei r o w n c o m po un d s w ith hi g h w a ll s a ro un d t h em .

D urw a n s s i t g ua rdi ng t he pill a r ed g a t es a n d w a t c hi n g t he

s t r ea m o f pa l k ees i n w hi c h E n g li s h ma n a n d I n di a n a lik e

a re lyi n g s t r et c h ed but n o t a t ea s e a s fa r a s t h e fo r mer ,

a re c o n c e rn ed . C h o w rin g hee w h ere t he fi rs t f oo t p a t h in

,

C al c ut t a w a s ma d e in 1 858 by t he fi lli n g up o f a n O pen

dr a i n is o ne l on g s t reet o f s uc h h o us es : a n d t h ere is n o t
,

a s i ng l e s h o p U po n i t At t he c o rn er o f D hurrumt o lla h
.

is a n un t idy ba z a r . An eq ua lly ill k ept l a n e repres en t s t he

-

w id e s t r eet l ea di n g t o t he M un i c ip a l O ffi c e o f t o d a y The -
.

old H ig h Sc h o o l tr a n s pl a n t ed i n 1 863 t o D a rj eeli n g un d er

,

the n a me o f S t P a ul s Sc h o o l s t a n d s in pl a c e o f t h e I n di a n
’
.
,

Mus eum . S i n c e t h e d ep a rt ure o f M a ca ul a y in 1 838 hi s ,

ho us e h a d s h el t ered a s it s t i l l d oes t he B en g a l Cl ub
, ,

but in t h os e d a y s it l a c k ed it s presen t s ec o n d s t o r ey a n d ,

w a s n o t t h e c o mmod ius build i n g w hi c h a s eri es o f a ddi

t i o n s h a v e ma d e it t od a y .
1 84 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

Th e S upreme C o ur t oc c upi ed o n ly t he w es t er n po rt i on of
h
t e p ot l n o w a ppr o pri a t e d b y t h e H i g h C o u rt . It w as no t

an m os
i p i b u ildi g te r n a lly b u t i t s i n t e ri o r h e ld co m
n
g n e x

t i f i t u t r i i i fi a nc e O n t he upper
p e n s a o n s o r s o e n s g n c .

fl oo r w a s t he G r a n d J ury R oo m d o r d i h pi r a
,
n e w t c t u es of
J ud ges a n d w i t h C h a n t rey s s t a t ue o f S ir E d w a rd Hyde
’

E a st ,
Chi ef J us t i c e fr o m 1 81 3 t o 1 822 w h o se ex er ,

t i o n s in t he c a us e o f ed uc a t i on i n I n di a s t o od t h us h on our

a bly c o mm emo r a t ed . O n t he g r o un d fl oo r w a s the

C o urt H o us e in w hi c h t h eir Lo rd s hip s s a t t ogeth er to
di s pen s e j us t i c e W i gs h a d w i s ely been di s c a rd ed s i nce
.

t he d a y s o f N un c o ma r s t ri a l w h en i n s pi t e o f t h e l a ck
’
,

of ic e a n d o f s w i n g i n g p un kh a s ,
t he J udges i n s i s ted

upo n s i t t i n g o n t h e B en c h in f ull bo t t o med w i g s a n d -

p a id t he pen a l t y by r et i ri ng t hree o r fo ur t i mes d a ily to

c h a n ge t h ei r li n en . B ut in o t h er r es pec t s t he t r a di ti ons
,

o f Imp ey a n d Hyd e a n d Ch a m be r s w ere w o rthily ma i n

t a in ed . S epo y s mo un t ed g ua rd a t t h e o ut er g a t es w hi ch
O p en ed t o t he M a id a n a n d a Cri er us h e r ed t h eir Lo r ds hips

i n t o C o ur t w i t h s t a t ely fo rma l i t y The rema i n de r o f the

.

s i te n o w a bs o r bed b t h H i h C u r t w i r t
y e g o a s g v e n o v e o

pri v a t e h o us es . N ex t d o o r t o th e S upr eme C o urt buildi ng

o n it s ea s t a n d f a c i n g t h e M a id a n s t o o d t he h o us e o f Lo n

g u e v il le Cl a rk e , t h e di s ti n
g u i s h ed a d v oca t e w h o s e n a m e

a pp ea r s a t t he h ea d o f every p ubli c mo v emen t o f t he

d a y fro m t he Ic e H o us e a n d t h e Me t c a lfe H a ll t o t he ,

E d uca t i o n C o mm i s s i o n o f w hi c h M a ca ul a y w a s t h e b ra i n
, .

R o un d t he c o r n er in O ld P o s t O ffi c e S t reet w a s th e res i
d en c e o f S i r J a mes C o lv ile w ho a f te r s ev en y ea rs s er v i ce
,
’

a s P ui s n e J ud g e s uc c eed ed t o t h e di g n i t y o f Chie f J us tic e

i n 1 853 . S i r L a w r en c e P eel h i s p red ec es so r in t h a t

,
1 86
‘
CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

ca rri ed in s a ili n g ves sel s a n d w h en a t a ll h a t a n d l a v ender

-
,

kid g l o v es w e re c o n s id ered a l mo s t a n i n di s p en s a bl e a d
j un et t o t he w o rki n g c o s t ume o f a H oo g hly pil o t .

N e i t h er d o me o f t h e Po s t O ffi c e n o r t he o c t a go n of
t he

t he B en g a l C o un c il Ch a m ber a re t o be s een i n t h e Ta nk

The h a n d s o me fa ca d e o f W ri t ers
’
S q ua r e o f t h e fo r t i es .

B uildi n g s w hi c h w e a d mir e t o da y w ill be l o o ked for

-
,

eq ua l ly in v a i n B ut s o me a t t em p t h a d bee n ma d e to
.

c lo t h e t h e g a un t n a k ed n es s of t he h uge ba rr a c k li ke -

w hi t ew a s h ed s t r uc t ur e a n d i t h a d been s i n c e 1 821 o m a
,

men t ed w i t h t hr ee pedi men t s in fr o n t s upp o rt ed o n c o l o n ,

n a d es w hi c h fo r med w id e v e r a n da h s Th e D a lh o us i e I n s ti
.

t ut e i s r epr es en t ed by i t s en t r a n c e p o r t i c o a l o n e w i t h its ,

s t a t ue o f L o rd H a s t i n s
g T o w a rd s t h e. s o uth h o w e ver , ,

t he M et c a lf e H a ll w hi c h is c o m pl eti n g t he fo urt h yea r

,

o f it s ex i s t en c e s er v es
, i n s o me mea s ur e t o di s pel the
a t m o s ph e r e o f un fa m ili a ri t y B ut th ere a re n o w a reho us es
.

o r un g a i n ly
g o d o w n s a l o n g t h e S t r a n d R o a d t o o b s tr uc t

t he ri v er v i ew o f it s g r a c ef ul pr o po r t i o n s
-
A n d a l mos t .

O pp o s i t e in H a r e S t r ee t t o t h e w e s t o f t h e mo d er n S mal l
,

C a us e C o ur t buildi n g t he eye r es t s in s urpri s e o n the

,

o dd l o o ki n g a n d s q ua t o utl i n es o f t h e Ic e H o us e w h ere
- -v

in t he w h o l e s t oc k o f C a l c ut t a ic e is s t o red .

Th e memo ry C a l c ut t a i s pro ve r bi a lly s h o rt a n d t he

of ,

Ic e H o us e ha s pa s s ed i n t o t he c a t eg o ry o f fo rgo t t en
t hi n g s B ut i n it s da y i t w a s o n e o f t h e i n s t it ut i on s o f
.

t he c i t y a n d t h e r e w er e n o t w a n t i n g t h o s e w h o pl a c ed it
,

“
up o n t h e p ed es t a l o f t he p ubli c ben efac t o r I ca nno t .

i n t hi s pl a c e o mi t n o t i c i n g a n ill us tr a t i o n—c a ll ed t o mi nd
’

by t h a t a ll en g ro s s i n g v e rb
-
t o c oo l w hi c h I h a v e j us t
 T HE T W E N TI E S AN D THE F I FT IE S .

e m l y e d — Of ry s i n g ul a r w a n t s w hi c h t he c li ma t e
t he v e
p o

a n d h a bi t s o f a c o un t ry ma i d u u p i t i h bi t t s
y n c e o n s n a a n .

T h e s e r v i c es o f t w o s hip s ea c h o f 5 o r 600 t o n s burt h en

, ,

a re r e t a i n ed by a n A meri c a n s p ec ul a t i s t fo r n o o t h e r p ur

p o s e t h a n t h a t o f s upplyi n g t he p eo pl e o f C a l c ut t a yea rly ,

w i t h c o mm o n ic e a n d t he p eo pl e o f C a l c ut t a
,
t h a t is t h e , ,

ri c h e r po r t i o n o f t h e m n o t o n ly r ec ei v e it w i t h j o y
,
but ,

h a v e b uil t a h o us e o f a v e ry pec uli a r c o n s t r uc t i o n fo r i t s ,

pre s e rva t i o n a n d r ec ep t i o n fro m w h en c e t h e p ubli c O bt a i n

,

t h e i r d a ily s uppli es a t t he r a t e o f t hr ee a n n a s per s ee r .

\V i t h t h o s e t h erefo re w ho a v a il t h ems el v es o f t he ice

, , ,

s a l t p et re p a t en t r efri g er a t o r s
, a n d a ll fo r ei g n c o n t ri v a n c e s
,

a re d i s c a rd ed fo r t he mo r e s i mpl e a n d effi c a c i o us m a t eri a l

o f n a t ure s o w n pr ep a ri n b i d f hi h i b r
’

g y a o w , c w n e ee o r , ,

d ri n ki n g w a t er c a n be red uc ed fro m a s t a te p o s i t i v ely t epid

t o a d eg r ee n ea rly t h a t o f z e r o I w ill n o t t a l k o f n ec t a r o r
.

e ly s i um ,
but I w ill s a y th a t if t h e re be a lux ury h e r e it ,

is t h i s — i t is t h i s l
”

To t he An g l o
I n di a n o f t o da y w ho l o o k s upo n a c h ea p
- -

a n d pl en t if ul s up ly o f ic e a s a n o rdi n a ry a n d o bv i o us a c
p
ces s o ry t o h is s o j o ur n i n t he E a s t t hi s rh a p s o dy w ill a pp ea r
,

o v e rd o n e .B ut a t t he t i me C ol es w o rt hy G r a n t w ro t e t h e
w o rd s in 1 849 i n t h e d eli h t f ul l et t er s t o h is mo t h er w hi c h
, g
he c a ll s a n A n g l o I n di a n D o m es tic S ketc h t h e
-
ba d o ld ,

d a y s w ere s t ill w i t hi n mea s ur a bl e rec o ll ec ti o n w h en ic e ,

w a s a l ux ury res er v ed fo r t he few a n d o ft en un a t t a i n a bl e

,

ev en b
y h em
t As l a t e a s 1 834 t he ic e s upply o f C a lc ut t a
.
,
-

w a s d e p en d en t o n t he w hi m o f c er t a i n s p ec ul t i v
a e i n d iv i

d ua l s a t H oo g hly w ho ma n ufa c t ur ed a s muc h a s th ey

,

t ho ug ht fi t w h en eve r t he w ea th er r m i t t d i t I h t
,
p e e n t a .
1 88 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

y ea r h o w ev er a n en t erpri s i n g Ameri c a n w ho h a d bee n a n

, , ,

p
a o t ec ah ry r h
b o ug t s o e
,
m 4 0 t o n s o f i c e fr o m B o s t o n t o

l
C a c ut t a A .b l oc k o f p u r e ic e w e i g hi n
g t w o m a un d s w a s a

i
s g t h C l
a c tu t a h a d n e v e r b e fo r e s ee n T h e s en s a t i o
. n w a s

r a t a d i t p e edily t o o k a pr a c t i c a l s h a pe A n um be r
g e : n s .

o f s ubs c ri be r s h ea d ed by B i s h o p W il s o n pres en t ed t he
, ,

a d v en t uro us a p o t h ec a ry w i t h a s il v er c up a s a s t i mul us

t o f ur t h e r e x e r t i o n s Th e g en t l e ma n h o n o ur ed s o t h e
. ,

s t o ry go es p ro mp t ly c o n v er t ed t h e c up i n to do ll a rs a n d
,

s et up a s a bo a rdi n g h o us e k eep er a n d d en t i s t : but C a l

-

c ut t a w a s n o t c o n t en t t o l ea v e t he m a t t er t h er e It h a d .

bec o me a g r ea t f a c t t h a t t w e n t y t w o t h o us a n d mi l es o f -

sea w a s n o hi n dr a n c e t o t h e i mp o rt a t i o n o f i c e fr o m B o s

t o n w h er e it c o uld be o bt a i n ed s o ea s ily t o C a lc ut t a w h e r e
, , ,

it w a s n eed ed s o ba dly A n d t he idea oc c urred t o M r

. .

L o n g uev ill e Cl a rk e t h a t a s A meri c a n s hip s c a me t o t h e

H oo ghly i n ba ll a s t t h e c o s t o f frei g h t w o uld be s o t ri v i a l
,

a n d t h e a r t i c l e i t s elf c o uld be s o ld s o c h ea p t ha t i f t h e ,

i n h a bi t a n t s o f C al c ut t a w o uld pro v id e a n Ic e H o us e f o r
t h e us e o f a n i m po r t e r ic e m i g h t b e pr o c ur a b l e in C a l c ut t a
,

a ll t h e y ea r r o un d a t h a lf t he pri c e it s o ld in L o n d o n \V e .

ma y let t he fa t h er o f t he s c h eme t ell t he res t o f t he s t o ry i n

h i s o w n w o rd s

Ac t i n g on t I w r o t e t o M r F red eric k T ud o r
hi s beli ef , .
,

t h e g r ea t B o s t o n ic e i m p o r t er He a c c ep t ed t he t er m s a n d
-
.

I t h en c a ll ed a meet i n g a t t h e To w n H a ll The id ea o f .

Th e w ri t er i s i n d ebt ed t o M r P a t ri c k M c Gui re,

. of M ess rs M a rkby
.

a nd Cc .
, f o r thi s in teres t in g M S . a c c oun tby M r L o n guevi l l e C l a rke
.

of th e est a bl i sh men t of the I c e Ho use , w ri tt en , a s i ts op en i ng w ords

i n d i c a t e, f o r th e i n f o rma t i on of L ord D a l h ous i e.

 1 90 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

c ut t a ha d s en t i n to Go v ern men t t h eir p a ra t e

se ce t r i fic a tes ,

th a t ic e w a s a mo n g remedi es i n t he hO S pltaIs
t he fi rs t of .

O n e o f o ur c o mmit t ee men a n d t h e g r ea t o r n a men t o f his

s er v i c e H en ry M eredi t h P a rker s ei z ed h o ld o f thi s : he
, ,

w r o t e a n i n i mi t a bl e a ddres s t o t he w o men o f C a l c ut t a to

s upp o r t t h e i mp o r t a t i o n o f ic e fo r t he ben efi t o f t h e s i ck ,

beg i n n i n g w i t h t h e w ell k n o w n li n es : O h ! w o m a n in
-

Th e a ddres s s uc c eed ed Th e M i ss
’
o ur h o ur s o f ea s e . .

E d en s h ea d ed t he s ub s c ri pti o n a n d i n t w o d a y s th e w o men
o f C a l c ut t a s ubs c ri bed R s O n t h e a rri v a l i n C al
.

out t a o f t he fi r s t c a rgo o f M r Tud o r s ice

’
s ev en h un dred
.
,

t o n s w e re s a fely l a n d ed a n d t h e c o mmi t t ee d el i v ered pos

,

s es s i o n o f t he ic e ho us e t o M r B a c on
-
t he a gen t . The , .

r eg ul a ri t y o f the s upp ly h a s be en t w i c e i n t err up t ed o ne ,

s hip h a v i n g been w r ec k ed a t t he S a n dhea ds a n d a n o t h er

burn t a t s ea ; but fo r t h e l a s t n i n e y ea r s t h er e h a s n ot
been a n y i n t err upt i o n .

W h en t h es e w o rd s w ere w ri t t en t h e fo r t i es w er e s lippi ng ,

aw ay , t h e M a rq ues s o f D a lh o us i e w a s Go v er n o r G e n era l -
,

a n d t h e Ic e H o us e w a s in t h e h eyda y o f i t s c a re e r To .

da y t h e v i s i t o r w ill s ea rc h in v a i n in H a re S tr eet fo r t he
s t r a n g ely s h a ped g l o bul a r buildi n g w h i c h s t o o d p e r c h ed
-

o n t h e s ummi t o f a fl i g h t o f s t ep s a n d c h a ll en ged t he a t t en

t i o n o f ev ery p a s s er by It w a s r a z ed t o t he g r o un d in
-
.

1 882 a n d ev en t he memo ri es o f t h e murd er c o mm i t t ed

,

w i t hi n i t s w a ll s h a v e f a d ed a w a y M a dr a s s t ill pr es e rv es
.

t he s h ell o f h er ic e h o us e -
C a l c utt a ha s been mo re i c o n o
.

c la st ic ,
a n d n o t a v es t i g e rema i n s o f t he o n c e fa m ili a r

s t ruc t ur e i n w hi c h fo r n ea rly fi ft y y ea r s s h e bo a rd ed h er

prec i o us fro z en bl o c k s fr o m W en h a m L a k e .
 B E TW EE N T HE T W E N TI E S AN D THE F I FTIE S .

The e t m pt a t i o n i s g r ea t t o li n g e r o v e r th e s e r e m i n i s c e n

c es of v a n s e i h d C a l c u tt a : b u t w e m u s t h a s t en o n t o t h e
’
ir
th d o f o ur pi c t u r es . H e r e s,t a n di n g i n h i s f a t h e r s

s h oe s ,
t h e m o d e r n e n q u i r e r m a y b e g i n a t l a s t t o fi n d h i m
self mo r e a t h o me . Fo r w e s h a ll s el ec t t h e y ea r 1 859 ,

t he yea r o f S ir F red eri c k H a llid a y s d epa rture fro m I n di a

’

t en ure o f h i s o ffi c e o f Li eut en a n t
’
after a fi v e y ea r s

Go e o
v r n r . U n i v e r s iti es a t C a l c ut t a M
,
a d r a s a n d B o m b a y
a re a n a c c o mpli s h ed f a c t . A s ett l ed f o r m o f mun i c ip a l
self go v e r n men t i s on i t s tri a l i n C a l c utt a
- . Th e Hi n d o o
Coll ege fo un d ed by S i r E d w a rd Hyd e E a s t a n d D a v id
,

Ha re i n 1 81 7 ha s been tr a n s fo rmed i n to t h e Pres id enc y

,

Coll ege : a n d in s pi t e o f t he c h ec k a d mi n i s t er ed by t h e
Muti n y a c a n dl e l ig ht ed fo r t h e ben efi t o f g en e ra ti o n s
,

t o c o me w hi c h c a n n ev er be p ut o ut . Ci v il a pp o i n t men t s
a re n o l o n ge r t o be o bt a i n ed o n t h e n o mi n a t i o n o f M r .

Gol dmo re t he E a s t I n di a D i rec t o r : a n d c o mp eti t i o n

,

w a ll ah s h a v e c o me t o o us t t he men of H a il eybury
fro m th ei r mo n o po ly o f pla c e a n d pre fer men t A beg i n
'

n i ng ha d be en m a d e w i t h t h e v a s t n et w o rk o f r a il w a y s a n d

w a t erw a y s w hi c h i n t er s ec t t h e l eng th a n d b r ea d t h o f t he

Bengal o f t o da y - . Th e E a s t I n di a n R a i l w a y w hi c h i n t h e
,

Muti n y y ea r h a d en d ed i mp o t en t ly a t R a n eeg un ge w a s ,

res ol utely p us hi ng o n t o w a rd s D elhi a n d b t h e e n d of

y
1 862 c o uld c l a i m t o h a v e pe n et r a t ed a s fa r a s B en a r es .

The Ga ng es C a n a l h a d been O p en ed a n d a P ubl i c W o rk s

Dep a rt men t c a ll ed i n t o be i n g Ch ea p p o s t a ge a n d t el e
.

r
g p a h s h a d c o m e i n t o t h e d a i ly life o f a ll . A g rea t s tir
had been c rea t ed by t he a n n o un c emen t th a t t he t ea pl a n t -

ha d been di s c o v e red by M r B r uc e r o w i n g w ild i n t h e

.
g
far off pro v i n c e o f As s a m
-
. L a rge p a rt s o f l a n d h a d
 1 92 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

been a pp li ed fo r a n d a s erv i c e o f s t ea mers o rg a n i zed

,

w hi c h w o un d t h e i r l ei s ur ely w a y o n c e a mo n t h t h ro ugh

t he r eeki n g t i g er i n fes t ed S un d erbund j un g l es t o N a rain

-

g u n g e
,
i n th o s e d a y s t h e h o m e o f a s o li t a ry S c o t s man .

Th en c e t he t edi o us j o ur n ey la y pa s t S era i ung e w hich q

,

w a s j us t s pri n g i n g up i n t o a j ut e ma rt t o G ow h a t ty and
,

Tez p o re a n d D i br ug a rh o n e a n d a ll ri s i n g s et tl eme n ts in
,

t h e m id s t o f t he j un g l e w h er e t h e fo rc i bl e en try o f a
,

w i l d el eph a n t i n t o t he di n i n g roo m o f t h e bun ga lo w or

t h e s i g h t o f a t i ge r a s le ep o n t he g ra s s g r o w n r o a d a fter
-

n i g h t f a ll w a s no s urpri s i ng o c c urr en c e In t h e outer

.

w o rld o f I n di a ,
a n n ex a t i o n ha d bee n t h e o rd e r o f t he

da y P eg u N a g p o r e a n d fi n a lly O udh ha d been a dd ed to

.
, , , ,

t he B ri t i s h d o m i n i o n s .The S ikh W a r s h a d c o me a n d go ne :
a n d t h o s e w h o m L o rd G o ug h a n d S i r H a rry S m i t h ha d

fo un d it s o h a rd t o d ef ea t a t Ali w a l S o br a o n a n d Chilli an
,

w a ll a h,
ha d been t he fo remo s t t o r a lly a ro un d us in our
h o ur o f n eed in 1 857 Th e l a s t o f t he M og ul s w a s en di ng
.

h is d a y s in ex il e a t R a n goo n J o h n C o mp a n y B a h a d ur had
i v en w a y t o Q ueen a n d P a r li a men t a n d t he U n i o n J a c k
g ,

w a s fl o a t i n g t he mo r e pr o udly fo r i t s r ec en t ec lip s e from

, ,

ev ery fo r t r es s bet w een P es h a w a r a n d Tuti co ri n .

 1 94 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

a r s en a l s in t h e N o rth VV es t ern Pr o v i nc es w ere lef t w i thout

-
,

t h e pr o t ec t i o n o f a B ri t i s h ga rri s o n an d n o s t e p s w ere
,

t a k en t o s ec ur e t he pr o mp t mo ve men t o r mo bili z a t i o n of

B ri t i s h tr o o p s The a w a k en i n g c a me r ud ely a n d s udd en ly

. .

O n t h e 3rd M a y t he 7t h O udh I rregul a rs muti n i ed a t

L uc k n ow a n d w ere di s a rmed by Sir H en ry L a w r en c e .

S ev en d a y s l a t er , t he s epo y s a t M eer ut r o s e i n r ev o l t a n d
w ere un a c c o un t a bl y p er mi tt ed t o es c a p e a ft er m urd e ri ng ,

th ei r o ffi c er s O n t he el ev en t h o f M a y t h e E ng l i s h in
.

D elhi w er e lyi ng dea d i n t h e F o rt o r in t h e s t r ee ts a n d ,

t h e Ki n g o f D elhi w a s pr o c l a i med E mper o r o f I n di a The .

rebelli o n s prea d l ik e w ild fi re o v e r O udh : y et up t o t he

-

en d o f M a y t he G o ve r n me n t a t C al c utta s eemed s t r a n g e

un w illi n g t o a d mit t h e g r a v i t y o f t h e po s i t i o n .

E v ery t hi ng i s q ui et w i t hi n s ix h un dred m il es o f th e
c a pi t a l t he mi s c hi ef c a us ed by a pa s s i n g a n d g r o un d l es s

p a n i c ha s a l r ea dy been a rr es ted a n d th ere is ev ery rea s o n

t o h O pe t h a t i n t he c o urs e o f a few d a y s tra n q uill ity a n d c on

fi den c e w ill be r es t o re d t hr o ug h o ut t he Pres id en c y S uc h .

w a s t he reply s en t o n t h e 25t h o f M a y by the H o m e Seo

ret a ry M r C ec il Be a do n
,
. t o t h e F r en c h C o n s ul a n d o t h er
,

F r en c h r es id en t s o f C a l c ut t a w h o ha d o ff ered th ei r s e rv i c es .

B ut a s M a y f a d ed i n t o J un e a n d J un e i n to J ul y a n d
,

Aug us t t he C a l c utta j o ur n a l s beg an t o c hro n i c l e a v ery

,

di ff eren t t al e The fo rti fi ed c ity of D elhi remai n ed in t h e

.

h a n d s o f t h e r ebel s : L uc k n o w w a s c l os ely i n ves t ed : a n d

t he r e Wa s n o n ew s fro m C a w n po re , w h er e Sir H ug h

W h eel er s little fo rc e ha d been ho ldi n g o ut a ga i n s t o v er

’

w h el mi n g o dd s s i n c e t he beg i n n i ng o f J un e E v ery .

c os s i d
, o r mes s en g er fro m t he N o rth bro ug ht tidi n gs o f
,
 CA C L U TTA D U R IN G THE M UTI N Y . 1 95

m a s s a c re a nd mi s ery , of E n gli s h w
hildr en dra g
o men a nd c

d a l u nd e r a b urn i n s un i n h o urly ex p ec t a t i o n a n d
g e o n
g g ,

s o o n i n h o urly h o pe o f d ea t h ,
o f J ud g es a n d M a g i s tr a tes
,

a n d o fli c ers p el t ed t o d ea t h w i t h b ri c k ba t s o r murd er ed ,

a ft e r a moc k t ri a l by th o s e i n w h o m t hey h a d pl a c ed
,

i m pli c i t c o n fi de n c e .

In C a l c ut t a t he s i t ua t i o n w a s fa s t d ev el o pi n g s eri o us
,

o s s i b i l i t i es O n t h e n i gh t o f t h e 6t h J un e t h 6 t h
p . . e ,

N a ti v e I n fa n t ry a t A ll a h a ba d w hi c h ha d o n t h e pr ev i o us
,

d a y been t h a n k ed by Gov ern men t fo r it s p ro f es s i o n s

of
.
un s w erv i n g l oy a l t y muti n i ed a n d murd er ed n ea rly
,

al l i t s o ffi cer s . Th e c a t a s tro phe pro m i s ed t o r ep ea t

i t s el f a t t he Pr es id en c y Th ere w er e t hr ee a n d a h a lf
.

s e po y r eg i me n t s a t B a rr a c kp o r e in f ul l p o s s es s i o n o f
th ei r a r ms a n d s eeth i n g w i t h di s a ffec t i o n Th e 84th R e .

g i m e n t ; w hi c h h a d b een w a t c hi n
g t h em w a s o n i,t s w a y
up c o un try : a n d t h ei r pl a c e h a d bee n t a k en by a w i n g o f
-

t h e 35t h . The r e w a s a n o t her reg i men t o f s ep o y s i n Fo rt

Wi l l i a m a n d a g a i n s t t h em a n d t he ba tt a li o n s a t B a rr a c k
,

r th re w a s n o th i n t p b u t k i ng of
p o e e
g o o po s e a w e a w

t he 53rd Foo t ( n o w t h e S hr o p s hi re Li ht I n fa n t ry
g ) a n d
t h e a rt ill ery men o f t he E ng li s h fi eld ba t tery w hi c h h a d ,

come up fro m C ey l o n un d er t h e c o mma n d o f C a pt a i n C o rn

w a l li s M a ud e i n res po n s e t o t h e ur en t a ppea l o f L o rd
, g
Ca n n i n g . Th e o n ly c o mpl et e r eg i men t o f E ng li s h tr o o p s
in th e neig h bo urh oo d o f C a l c utt a w a s the 7 8t h H i g hl a n d ers
at Ch i n s ur a h , s o me 25 m il es up t h e ri ver Ha d t he .

sepo y s been di s a rmed thi s f o r c e mi h t h a v e s uffi c ed but

, g
this ob v i o us pr ec a uti o n h a d n o t been t a k en N or w ere .

thes e the o n ly el emen ts o f da nger As M r J oh n P eter . .

1 96 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

po r e a nd in the Fo rt , o neh a l f o f w h ic h a re
a nd a

t he v e ry w o rs t typ e w e k n o w o n e t w o t hr ee
, ( fo r n o o n
,
e

k n o w s ) th o us a n d a r med ret a i n er s o f t he Ki n g o f O ud h a t
G a r de n R ea c h o r a v a il a bl e t h er e a t a mo me n t : s o me
,

h un d red a r med men o f t h e Sc i n d e Ameers a t D um D um -

a n d a ll t h e bl a c kg ua rd s o f a ll s o r t s o f a t o w n o f s i x h un
d red th o us a n d peo pl e Th ere is n o rea s o n to ex pec t rea l h elp
.

i n r ea l d a n g er fro m t h e n a ti v e po li c e M y c o n v i ct i o n is th a t
.

ev en a s tr eet ro w a t t he c a pi t a l w o u
-
l d g i v e us a n a w f ul
s ha ke ,
n ot o n ly i n B en g a l but i n B o mba y a n d M a d ra s
, ,

”
a t t hi s mo men t .

S uc h w as t hedi ti o n o f a ffa irs in C a l c utt a w h en

c on

o n S un d a y t h e 1 4t h J un e t he n ew s a rri ved jus t a ft er

, , ,

t h e c o n c l us i o n o f mo rn i n g s erv i c e th a t t h e n a ti v e re i
, g
me n t s a t B a rra c kpo re h a d muti n ie d a n d w ere i n full ma rc h
o n t h e c a pit a l Th e i n t elli genc e w a s h a pp ily un t rue in
.

fa c t . The s ec re t h a d been bet ra y ed a n d t h e s epo y s ha d,

g i v en u p t h e i r a r m s w i t h o ut r es i s t a n c e t o t h e H i g h
l a n d er s w ho h a d h urri ed d o w n fr o m C hi n s ura h
, B ut t he .

ea rli e r r epo rt remai n ed un c o n tr a di c t ed a n d th e p ublic ,

a g i t a t i o n w a s i n c r ea s ed by t h e rumbli n g s o un d o f hea vy

ma te ri a l mo v i n g o ut o f t h e Fo r t A s udd en a n d unc a l
.

t ro ll a bl e p a n i c s ei z ed h ol d o f t he E ur o pea n a n d E a s t I n di a n

po p ul a t i o n . It s d et a il s h a v e been s et do w n in t he fa mo us
R ed P a mph le t by C o l o n el M a ll es o n w ho w a s hi ms elf
,

a n eye w i t n es s
-
a n d w h o tw en t y y ea rs l a t e r w ro t e i n h i s
,
1 98 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he h o us es i n t h e n ei g h b o u rh oo d o f C h o w ri n g h ee w hi c h
”
ha d been a ba nd o n ed by t h ei r i n ma
‘

t es D r M . o u a.
t ,

a n o th e r ey e w it n es s
-
c or n p a res t h e s
,
c a m p r
e a
- c r o s s t h e

Ma a n to
id h
w a t mgi ht h a v e b e en i f a m o d e rn H er c u

la n eum h a d been ev a c ua t ed i n bro a d d a yli g ht o n t h e a p

pro a c h o f a v i s i bl e er up t io n fro m a n eig h bo uri ng v o lc a no .

He a s i n t he a c c o u
dd ,
n t w h i c h b e fu r n i s h ed t o S i r J o h n

W illi a m K a y e t he w h o l e o f t he gh a ut s w a s c ro w de d
,

w ith fug i t i v es a n d th os e w h o co uld fi n d n o s h elt er o n t he

,

s hip s ,
t o o k re fuge w ithi n t he F o rt o f w hi c h t h e s q ua r es
, ,

t h e c o rrid o r s a l l t h e a v a il a bl e s p a c e ev ery w h er e
,
i n d eed , ,

w er e t h r o ng ed by ma n y w ho pa s s ed t he n ig h t i n t h ei r
,

c a rri a g es .

Bo t h C o l o n el M a ll es o n a n d D r Moua t bea r tes ti mo n y

.
,

h o w ev er t o t h e c o ura g e a n d s t ea dfa s t n es s di s pl a y ed b y th e
,
;

member s o f t h e co mmerc i a l a n d tr a di ng c o mmun ity, w hi c h ,

”
s a y s t he fo r me r n ot hi n
g
, c o u l d ex ce e d T h e re w a s
. no

t i me fo r c o n c e rt ed a c ti o n a nd li ttl e w a s d o n e i n t he w a y o f
,

a rr a n g i n g a r en d ez v o us Th e Li ght H o rs e h a d th en n o
.

ex i s te n c e a n d t h e d a y bef o r e P a n i c S un d a y o n ly ha d w i t
,

n es s ed t he i s s ue o f a n o t i fi c a ti o n c a lli n i t b i r
g n o e n
g a c o p s

o f V o l un t eer G ua rd s o f w hi c h Li eut en a n t ( a ft erw a rd s S i r

, )
O rfeur C a ven a g h w a s a pp o i n t ed c o mma n da n t a n d w hi c h ,

w a s o rd ered to c o n s i s t o f a ba tte ry o f four g un s five ,

t r o o p s o f c a v a lry a n d s even c o mp a n i es of i n fa n try

, As .

ma t t er s s t o o d ea c h man w a s l eft pe rfo rc e to hi s o w n t e

,

s o urc es : a n d ma n y a n d v a ri o us w er e t he d ev i c es fo r de

fen c e a do p t ed by th o s e w ho d ec l i n ed t o a ba n d o n th ei r
h o us es . In o n e i n s t a nc e it w a s s a i d th a t a muc h res p ec t -

ed t r a d es ma n i n D a lh o us i e S q ua r e ba rri c a de d h is en
 L
C A C U TT A D U R I N G THE M U TI N Y .

r
t a n c e- h a ll a n d a w a ited the en emy a t t he h ea d o f t he
s t a i r s w i t h a l o a d ed w ea p o n s erv i c ea bl e if o ld fa s hi o n ed
,
-
,

w h i c h i s s t ill pr es erv ed on t he premi s es a n d a pl en t iful

,

s upply o f mo l te n l ea d a n d bo i li n g w a t er In o th er c a ses
.
,

t h e roo f w a s s el ec t ed a s t he mos t s uit a bl e pl a c e fo r a n en

t ren c h men t in t h e hO pe th a t t h e o ld s moo th bo r es o f t he

,

m ut in eers w o uld n o t be a bl e t o c a rry s o fa r a n d th a t in ,

t h e h urry o f a t t a c k a n d t he pl ea s ur a bl e a n ti c ip a ti o n o f

lo o t th ey w o uld f o rg et t o bri n g t h eir a rtill ery w ith th em .

As t i me w o e o n a n d
r n o s epo y s w er e ei t h er seen o r

h ea rd t he t en s i o n s l a c ken ed a n d t h a t p o rti o n o f C a l c ut t a
, ,

w hi c h ha d n o t c o mpl et el y l o s t it s h ea d be a n t o rec o v er
g
,

c o mpo s ure i f n o t c o n fid en ce The To w n M a j o r s o ugh t

, .

o ut t he r ef u ees in t h e fo r t a n d o n t h e s hip s a d d ea
g n en ,

v o ured t o i n d uc e th em t o r et urn to th ei r h o us es B ut .

a l a r m w a s a g a i n a ro us ed w h en a t h a lf p a s t f o ur i n t he
-

a f t er n o o n a c o l umn o f E ur o pea n t r oo p s w a s s een to emerg e

f ro m t he Pl a s s ey ga t e o f t h e Fo rt All ma nn er o f s peen
.

l a t i o n w a s i n d ul g ed i n a s t he d et a c h men t ma r c hed a c ros s

t he M a id a n a n d p a s t Go v e rn men t H o us e a n d L o ud o n

bui ldi n gs (w h er e th e I mpe ri a l S ec ret a ri a t n ow s t a n d s )

i n t o Go v er n men t Pl a c e N o r t h a n d t he n ce i n to W ell es l ey
Pl a c e H er e t he men w ere h a l t ed be fo r e a s ma ll ba rr a c k
.

oc c up i ed by t he c o mpa n y o f s ep o y s w hi c h f urn i s h ed t he

o ffi c i a l g ua rd a n d i t bec a m e ev i den t t o t h e c r o w d o f E uro

pea n s w hi c h h a d a s s embl ed t h a t n o thi n g mo re fo rmida

bl e w a s a foo t th a n t he di s a r ma men t o f thi s body The .

s epo y s w er e o rde re d t o pil e a r ms w hi c h th ey did w i tho ut

,

de m ur , a n d t h ey w er e th en m a rc h ed a w a y to a s uffic i en t
di s t a nc e w hil e t h e E n gli s h s o ldi er s w ho w e re g un n er s
, ,
200 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

from M a ud e s ba tte ry d rew o ut th e ra mrod s a n d s t a c k ed

’
,

m u s k et s a n d ba y o n et s i n bul l oc k c a rts fo r-c o n ve y a n c e i n t o

t he Fo rt . I t h a d been w i t h t h e g r ea t es t di ffic ulty t h a t L o rd

C a n n i n g ha d been i n d uc ed t o s a n c t io n thi s proc eedi n g At .

len g t h he ha d been o v erc o me by the p er s ua s i o n s o f S ir

F r ede ri c k H a llid a y w h o h a d l eft B el ved ere a n d w a s li v i ng
,

i n r oo ms o p po s it e t he Go v ern o r Gene ral s o ffic i a l r es i

’
-

d en c e in o rd er t h a t hi s freq uen t a n d c l os e c om mun i ca ti on

,

w i t h h is c hi e f mi ght be un i n t er rupt ed B ut he pe rs i s t en tly

.

ref us ed t o di s a rm his body gua rd a n d it w a s n o t un ti l t he

-
,

en d o f t he fo ll o w i n g A ug us t t h a t h e c o uld be pr ev a i led

upo n t o s ubs tit ute E uro p ea n fo r S epo y s en tri es a t Go v ern

men t H o us e .

Th e rema i n d er o f P a n i c S un da y pa s s ed un ev en tfully
aw ay . The Gr ea t E a s t ern H o t el w hi c h w a s t h en in fa ct
, ,

a s it s t ill is i n t h e l a n g ua g e o f t h e thi ka ga ri w a lla h s VV il ,

bec a me t he r a llyi n g p l a c e o f t h e E uro pea n

’
s o n s H o t el ,

c o mmun i t y F i fty s t a n d o f a r ms w ere req ui s iti o n ed f ro m

.

t he F o rt a n d a t o n c e s uppl i ed a n d a p a tr o l o f a bo ut fo rty

E n g li s h men w a s o rg an i s ed Th es e fo r med i n t o t w o
.

s q ua d s a n d p a r a d ed t he s t reet s i n t he n a t i ve q ua rt e r o f t he
,

Tow n fo r o v er a n ho ur i n t h e ev en i n g A n ex t r a o rdi n a ry
.

s t a t e o f t err o r w a s fo un d t o be pr eva ili n

g e s p ec i a l ly a m ,o ng
th e p oo r e r E ur a s i a n c l a s s es w h o h a d co me t o t h e c o n c l u
,

s i o n t h a t t h ei r o n ly c h a n c e o f s a fety l a y in a fr a n t i c a nd

a i ml es s f us il a d e w i t h b l a n k c a rt rid e w hi h t i u d
g c co n , n e

for h o urs a n d w a s c h ec k ed w ith t he ut mos t di ffi c ulty

,
.

Th e p a t ro l s w er e fi n a lly di s mi s s ed s h o rtly a f t er mid

n i gh t , a n d w h en t he c ity a w o k e upo n t h e fo ll o w i ng

mo r n i n g it l ea rn t t h a t a ll t h e n a ti v e t roo p s a t B a rr a ck
,
202 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

N o pi c t ure o f C a l c ut t a d uri n g t he M uti n y c a n be d eemed

c o m pl et e w ith o ut a s k etc h o f t h e H o meri c c o n t es t be tw een

th e Pr es s a n d t he G o v er n men t w hi c h c en tred a r o un d t he
G a gg i n g Ac t o f 1 857 The P res s h a d n ow been f r ee fo r
.

t w en t y on e y ea r s
- B ut un t il the a dm i n i s tr a ti o n o f Si r
.

Ch a rl es M et c a lfe i t s li ber a t o r in 1 836 it ha d bee n kep t

, , ,

s t ri c t ly unde r c o n tr o l Th e fi r s t n ew s pa per t o a p pe a r in
.

C a l c ut t a w a s Hic ky s B en ga l Ga z et te w hi c h w a s p ub
’
,

lis h ed o n S a t urd a y J a n ua ry 29t h 1 780 ei g h t y ea rs be fo re

, , ,

t h e b irth o f Th e Ti mes i n L o n d o n I t g rew s o sc urri lo us

. ,

h o w eve r th a t in t he fo ll ow i n g N o vember W a rren Ha s t i n g s

,

pro hi bited it s c irc ula ti o n t h ro ug h t he c h a n n el s o f t h e G en e

ra l P o s t O fli c e o n a c c o un t o f it s l a tely h a v i n g been
fo un d to c o n t a i n s ev era l i mpro p er pa ra g ra ph s t en di n g t o
v il i fy pri v a t e c h a r a ct e r s a n d t o di s t ur b t h e ea ce o f t h
p e
”
s et tl e men t a n d Hi c ky en d ed h is I n di a n c a re er i n th e

J a i l in La ll B a z a r O th er j o urn a l s fo ll o w ed bet w een 1 781

.

a n d 1 7 86 but mo s t o f t h es e w e re s h o rtli v ed
, B y t he en d .

o f t h e c en t ury , C a l c utt a bo a s ted o f n o l es s t h a n ei gh t : o f

w hi c h t he bes t k no w n w ere t h e As i a tic M i rro r a n d t h e
-

B en g a l Hurka ru n o w me r ed in t h e I n dia n D a i l N ems

,
g y .

Th ei r ex i s t en c e w a s o f t h e mo s t c heq uered d esc ript i o n .

B o t h L o rd W ell es l ey a n d Lo rd M i n to w er e e x t ra o rdi
n a rily s en s i t i v e t o n ew s p a pe r c riti c i s m A ri g id c en .

s o rs h ip w a s i n s ti t ut ed i n 1 7 99 E very c o py o f a n ew s
.

p a p er w a s req ui red t o be s ubmi t t ed befo re p ublic a t i o n to

t h e i n s p ec ti o n o f t he Go v er n men t Se c r et a ry un d e r pen a l ty ,

o f i mmedi a te d e o r t a t i o n t o E n l a n d i n d ef a ult : a n d t he
p g
bl ue pen c il w a s fre ely a ppli ed M a n y w e r e t h e w a r n i ng s
.

a n d r ebuff s c o n vey ed t o C a l c ut t a edit o r s duri n g t h e ri d

p e o

fro m 1 7 99 t o 1 81 3 Wh il e W elles ley w a s a t M a dra s d i rec t

.
 CA C L UTTA D U R IN G THE M U TI N Y . 203

i ng t he ca mp a i g n ag a n s i t Ti ppoo , w e fi n d h im co mma n d
i ng S ir Alured Cl a rke ,d ep uty a t Fo rt W illi a m t o em
his ,

ba rk M r B r uc e t h e edi t o r o f t he A s ia t ic M i rro r o n t he
.
, ,

fi r s t s hip w hi c h mi ght be s a ili n g fo r E uro p e a n d a ddi n g ,

th a t if t h e edi t o r s o f th e o th er p a p ers c o uld n o t be tra n

”
q ui l l i z ed
, t h ei r j o urn a l s w ere t o be s uppr es s ed b y f o rc e

a nd t h ei r p er s o n s d ep o r t ed In 1 808 t h e edito r o f t he
.

C a lc utt a Ga z et t e w a s c en s ur ed by L o rd M i n t o fo r h a v i n g
o m i t t ed d uri n g s ev e ra l w eek s t o s ubmit p ro o fs h eet s o f h is

pa pe r fo r i n s pec t i o n Th re e y ea rs l a ter t he M i s s i o n a ries

.
,

w ho h a d es t a bli s hed a p ri n t i n g pr es s a t t h e D a n i s h Set tl e

men t o f S e r a mpo re w ere c a ll ed upo n t o r emo v e w i t hi n

,

B ri t i s h j uri s di c t i o n a n d t o c ea s e p ublic a t i o n o f th ei r ex

t re m ely s c urril o us a t t a c k s upo n t h e beli efs o f Hi n d oo s

an d M us s ul ma n s .

Lo rd H a s t i n g s en d ea v o ured t o al l ev i a t e t h e burd en o f
t hi s i rri t a t i n g t hr a l d o m The ce n s o rs hip w a s a bo li s h ed in
.

1 81 8 t h e y ea r w hi c h w i t n es s ed t he fo un d a t i o n o f t h e F ri en d
,

o f I n d ia a s a mo n thly M a g a z i n e by t h e eld er M a r s h ma n a t

Se r a mpo re : a n d n o thi n g but c er t a i n r eg ul a t i on s w hi c h ,

bec a m e a dea d l et t er a n d th e p o w e r o f d ep o r t a t i on re
b
,

ma i n e d . The l a t t e r w a s emplo y ed i n s t a r t li n g fa s hi on i n
1 823 d uri n g M r J o h n Ad a m s t en ure o f o ffic e p en di n g t h e
’
.
,

a rri v a l o f L o rd A mh er s t w h en M r S il k B uc ki n g h a m t he
, .
,

edi t o r o f t he C a lc ut ta j o urn a l w a s a c t ua ll y d ep o rt ed fo r h i s
,

o ut s p o k en c o mme n t s up o n o ffi c i a l a c t s a n d p er s o n a g es A .

s t o rm o f i n d i n a ti o n w a s a r o us ed i n C a l c ut t a b u t t h
g e ,

ti me w a s n o t y et ripe fo r c o m ple t e ema n c ip a t i o n Lo rd .

W illi a m Ben t i n c k h es i t a t ed t o fo r ma lly proc l a i m t he li bert y

o f t he I n di a n Pr es s : a n d i t w a s n o t un t il his r eti remen t
204 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

t h a t on S ep t embe r 1 5th , 1 836, t h e boo n g r a n t ed by S ir

w as

Ch a rl es M etc a lfe w h o w a s i n t empo r a ry c h a rg e o f t he

,

g o v e r n m e n,
t a c t i n
g e n ti r e ly o n h i s o w n m o ti o n a n d r e s

p o n s ib il i t y a n d l a r g ely f o r t i fi ed by t h e a d v i c e a n d s u p p o r t

o f M a c a ul a y . Th e C o urt o f D i rec t o r s r epri ma n d ed M et

c a lf e fo r h i s a c t i o n a n d r ec o rd ed th ei r o pi n i on th a t t h e
,

a s i f t h A c t X I o f 1 835 w ith o ut a r e f e r en c e t o t he
p s n
g o e , ,

H o me a ut h o ri t i es w a s i n d efen s i bl e
, but t h ey a bs t a i n ed
fro m di s a ll o w i n g it a n d M et c a lf e w a s a c c l a i med upo n a ll
,

h a n d s a s t he Li be ra t o r o f t he I ndi a n Pres s H en c e .

fo rth t he E n g lis h ma n w h i c h a bs o rbed t he o ld er a n d

,

mori bun d j o hn B ull i n 1 833 a n d fi rs t a ppea r ed in t h a t yea r

un d e r t he n a me o f t he E n gli s h ma n a n d M i li t a ry Ch ro n ic l e .

bo re a mo tt o t o th a t effec t upo n o n e s id e o f it s titl e U po n .

t h e o t h er s id e w ere d i s pl a y ed t he w ell k n o w n l i n es f ro m -

M ilt o n : Thi s is t r ue li berty w h en fr ee bo r n men -

,

h a v i ng t o a d v i s e th e p ubli c ma y s p ea k o ut ,
.

It mus t be k n o w l edged t h a t bo th t h e E n g li s h ma n a n d
ac

i t s ri v a l C a l c ut t a J o ur n a l t h e B en g a l H urka ru a v a il ed
, ,

t h ems el v es f ully o f t he ri gh t o f fr ee s peec h t h ey h a d o h

t a in ed . P eo pl e ma y prea c h t o us o f t he bea uty o f bro

"
t herly l o v e a s l o n g a s t h ey lik e w ri t es t h e E n g li s h ma n
,

upo n o n e oc c a s i o n ,
but Lo rd bl es s us w h e re is th e
, ,

ma n w ho h a v i n g a pr es s a t h is c o mma n d c a n a t a l l t i mes ,

r es i s t a j es t a t t he ex pen s e o f h is o p po n en t ? Y et i f t h os e ,

j e s t s s o m e t i m es d i s p l a y ed t h e m s e l v es i n a ma n n e r m o re

g r a t ifyi n g t o a n edit o r s p e r
’
s o n a l f ee li n g s t h a n i n s tr uc t i v e
”
t o th e p ubli c , it w a s n o t a l t o get h er t he fa ul t o f t h e P res s .

Th er e w a s n o l a c k o f lit era ry t a l en t i n t h e C a l c utt a o f t h a t

da y . Ch a rles Th a c k er a y t he unc l e o f th e n o v eli s t w ho
, ,
 206
‘
CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

c o mm un i t y . B ut a g l thro ug h t he fi l es o f th e E n g lis h
a nc e

ma n a n d t h e H u r k a r u d u ri n g t h e M ut i n y y e a r w ill r e v ea l

a w a n t o f s el f
-
c o n tr o l a n d a w ea lt h o f i n v ec ti v e up o n w hi c h

t h e o ffi c i a l mi n d mi g ht w ell be p a r do n ed fo r l oo ki n g w i t h

m i s giv i n g a t a t i me w h en t he po w er o f t he E n g li s h w a s
t rembli n g i n t h e ba l a n c e a n d J o h n C o mpa n y s R a j s eemed
’

to t t eri n g t o it s f a ll Th ere n ev er w a s grea t er n ee d fo r a

.

c o o l h ea d a n d ca l m j ud g men t : a n d t he C a l c ut t a P res s
ma d e n o t t he s li ghtes t a t t em pt t o k eep t he o n e o r t o c ul t i
v a t e t he o th er .

Th ei r t o n e w a s , fra n kly
p ea ki ng d ep l o ra bl e U t t e r
s ,
.

bli n d n es s befo r e t he ev en t w a s fo ll o w ed by d emo r a li z a ti o n

s o c o m pl et e a s t o be a l mo s t i n c r edi bl e Sir Geo rg e T r ev e
.

ly a n h a s c o ll a t ed i n h is L et t ers o f a C ompet iti o n w a l la h a -

n umbe r o f ex tr a c t s fr o m t h e C a l c utt a p a p er s o f t h e r
y e a .

Th os e o f t he s p ri n g res erv e t h eir c h o i c es t s h a ft s o f rid i c ul e

”
a n d s a r c a s m fo r t he c r oa k e r s o f ev il t he few o bse rva n t
,

men w ho r ea d a ri g ht t he s ig n s a n d po rten ts w h i c h s eem s o

pl a i n t o us o f a l a t er gen e ra t i o n The s epo y w a s ev ery
.

t hi n g t h a t c o uld be de s ir ed F a ith ful a n d d oc il e h is p rej u

.
,

d i c es w er e t o be res p ec ted a n d h is c al umn i a t o rs s n ubbed

, .

E v en Cr o mw ell s I ro n s id es
’
w e r ea d
, , w o uld h a v e

muti n i ed i f t h ey h a d been fo rc ed t o h ea r t he C o mmo n

Pr a ye r r ea d . W hil e t he a ir w a s full o f dim pro ph ec ies
a n d g h a s tly r umo ur s a n d t h e my s t eri o us c h up a t t i es w ere
,

p a s s i n g fr o m h a n d t o h a n d a n d fr o m v i ll a g e t o v ill a g e t h e
,

C a l c ut t a pa pers fi ll ed t h ei r c o l umn s w ith t he t ri fles o f

An g l o I n di a n s oc i ety s ma ll t al k
- -
Ama t eur th ea t ri ca l s ,
.

a b us e o f t h e mun i c ip a l boa rd fo r th ei r n eg l ec t t o w a t e r t he

C o urs e ,t h o rn y q ue ti
s o n s o f pr ec d ce
e en a n d e tiq ue t t e— s uc h
 C A C U TTA L D U R IN G THE M U TI N Y .

a re t he t o p c s i w h ic h
i n t e re s t e d C a l c u tt a T h e L u c.kn o w

N ew s i n M a y 1 8,
5 7 , c o n s i s t s c h i efl y o f c o m pl a i n t s r e g a rd
ing t h e b a d n e s s o f t h e r o a d fr o m C a w n p o r e S o ft .

b l a n k e t s s h o u ld b e pr o v id e d i n t h e d a w k c a rri a g e s a n d ,

l e n t y o f t h em Th e p eo pl e o f D el hi h a v e n o th o ug ht
p .

fo r a n y t hi n g but t h e c on d uc t o f a p epp ery c o l on el w h o a t

‘

a s t a t i o n b-
a l l f o,
r s o m e f a n c i ed i ns u lt t o hi m s e lf fr o m a

ci v il i a n ,
h a d t u r n ed h i s b a n d o u t o f t h e r oo m a n d s t o p p e d
the d a n c i n g . Th ere is n o o t h er n ew s t o g i v e All is .

qui et a n d d ull o n t he fi f t h o f th a t s a me mo n th o f M a y ,

o n ly s i x d a y s bef o re t he tro o p s fr o m M ee r ut w er e h un t i n g

do w n a n d b utc h eri n g eve ry Ch ri s ti a n i n th e c a p i t a l o f t he

g r e a t M og ul . T r u ly t h e re is a n i r o n y i n hi s t o ry s ur
, ,

pa s s i n g i n d ept h t he i ro n y o f So p h oc l es .

B ut as au t umn tyl e a lt er s
s et in , W h a t a pity it
t he s .

is ,
w ro t e a n o ffic er o f t h e 65th N a ti v e I n fan t ry i n Feh

rua ry 1 857 t ha t E ur o pea n s a bus i ng a c o rp s ca n n o t be

s trun g up .A few mo n th s a n d it h a d bec o me n ec es s a ry t o

,

doubl e t h e g ua rd s a t Fo rt W ill i a m i n o rd er t o p reven t ,

the s o ld i er s fr o m s a llyi n g o ut a t n i ghts t o a v en g e t h e a tro

ci t i es c o mmi t ted i h O udh a n d R o hilc un d upo n s yc es a n d

p a l k e e b-
ea r er s T h e res id en ts a t a s t a tio n i n B eh a r de
.
,

c la res o n e o f t h em in un bl us hi ng p ri n t w o uld be a ll ,

rig ht a n d merry i f w e c o uld on ly get a few p eo pl e t o

,
”
ha n g . A gen t l ema n a t R a n eeg unge g i v es d et a il s of a
”
p ic tures q ue gal l o w s w hi c h h e is a n x i o us t o c o n s truc t
,

and w hi c h w o uld a cc o mmo d a t e s i x t een o f t h e l a r es t s i z e

g
”
w i t h out i n co n v en i en c i n g ea c h o th er At All a h a ba d t h e .
,

J udi c i a l Co mmi s s i o n ers w h o m Lo rd C a n n i n g s en t l a ter

,

i nto c o mp ul s o ry pri va t e lif e a re repo rt ed t o be do i ng ,

 208 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

g o o d r i
s e v ce in t uc ki n g up ra t c hi n g t he ba c k s o f re
a n d sc
”
bel s . So on a f t erw a rd s a c o rres pon d en t fro m t h e s a me
pl a c e rec o mmen d s t o rt ur e a s t he bes t met h o d fo r d ea li ng
w ith res pec t a bl e M a ho med a n s . The ed i t o ri a l c o l umns
t eeme d w i t h d el i ber a t e p ro p o s i t i o n s t o r az e en t i r e c i t i es to

t he g ro un d t o d ep o p ul a t e w ho l e prov i n c es t o put to the

, ,

edg e o f t he s w o rd a ll t he w o men i n D el hi a n d C a w n po re .

N o r w er e t he v i a l s o f w ra t h l ef t un emp t i ed up o n t ho s e w ho
c h os e t o r emember t h a t ri gh t eo us n es s e x a l t eth a n a t i on .

It s t a n d s et er n a lly t o t he c redi t o f L o rd C a n n in g t h a t in
s pi t e o f t h e v i t up er a t i o n a n d o bl o q uy po ur ed upo n h im ,

he n ev er fa l t er ed in h is po l i c y n o r s uff ered th e p a s s i o n s d
t he mo men t t o g a i n t h e ma s t ery o v e r hi m . I w ill n ot
”
g o v e r n i n a n ger ,
h e w ro te t o Lo rd G r a n v i ll e ,j u s t ic e ,

a nd th a t a s s t er n ,
a s i n fl ex i bl e a s la w a n d m ig h t c a n
ma k e i t I w ill de al o ut
,
. B ut I w ill n ev e r a ll o w a n a ng ry
a n d un di s c ri mi n a t i n g a c t o r w o rd t o proc eed fro m the
”
G o v e rn me n t o f I n di a a s l o n g a s I a m res po n s i bl e fo r it
, .

U n h a p pily h is mo t i v es w e re t o t a lly m i s co n s t rued There

, .

w a s n o t hi n
g t o o u n w o r t h y t o be a ll e g e d a g a i n s t h i m b e

c a us e he w o uld n o t fo ll o w t he go s p e l o f w h o l es a l e h a n
g
i n g s a n d bur n i n gs prea c hed by a p a n i c s t ri c ken c om -

m un i t y a n d a fre n z ie d Pres s To w a rd s th e en d o f 1 857

.

t he E uro p ea n p ubli c o f C a l c ut t a a n d B en g a l a dd res s ed

a p et i t i o n t o t he Q ueen in w hi c h the y pra y ed fo r the

,

The
’
G o vern o r Ge n er a l s rec a ll
-
. l a n gua ge o f rag e in
w hi c h t he i n di c t men t w a s fr a med rea c h ed i t s c li ma x in
t he c o n c l udi n g se n te n c es w hi c h d ec l a re d in s o ma n y w ords
t h a t the o n ly
p o li c y b y w hi c h B riti s h rul e a n d t h e li v es ,

h o n o ur a n d pro pe r ty o f Y o ur M a j es t y s Ch ri s t i a n s ub ’

j ec t s i n t hi s c o u n t r y c a n i n f ut ur e be s ec ured is a pol ic y
,
 21 0 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

P re s s onc e mo re i n t o t he l ea di n g st ri n gs fro m w hich

M et ca lfe ha d r el ea s ed i t . It w a s p a s s ed o n the sa me
da y w i t h o ut di s s en t i en t v o i c e a n d bec a me Ac t X V of
a

1 857 . Th e d ura ti o n o f t he Ac t w hi c h pro hi b i t e d t he

,

keepi n g o r us i n g o f a pri n ti n g pr es s w i t h o ut a l ic en se ,

w a s li mi t ed t o o n e ye a r a n d it s
, a pp li c a ti on ex t en d ed

o v er t h e w h o l e o f I n di a a n d embra c ed n o t o n l y t he
E n gl i s h n ew s p a p er s but a l s o n a ti v e j o ur n a l s
,
o f w hi c h ,

t h er e w ere by thi s ti me n o t a few Th i s w a n t O f dis c ri mi

.

n a t i on w a s b i t t erly res en t ed by t he An gl o I n di a n c o mmu -

n it y
. w h o c o n c ei v e d t h a t t h e s a me r es t ri c ti o n s w er e n o t

r eq uired fo r t h e E n g lis hma n a n d the Hurka ru a s fo r t he

S a ma c ha r S udh a ba rs ha n .A p erf ec t t o rn a d o o f a n g ry
p as s i o n burs t fo rth : but t he Gov er n men t rema i n ed un
mo v ed . It is s a dly i n di c a t i v e o f t h e t empe r o f t he
t i mes t h a t o n e O f t he fi r s t p a pe r s t o c o me un d er t h e O pe ra

t i o n O f t h e Ac t w a s t he F ri en d of I n d ia D uri ng t he edi
.

t o rs h ip o f t he y o un ger M a r s h ma n w h o t r a n s fo r med it
,

i n to a w eekly j ourn a l in 1 835 it s i n fl uenc e d urin g t he

,

t hir t i es a n d fo rti es h a d been o f t h e mo s t ben efi c i a l a nd

el ev a t i n g ki n d a n d un de r i t s mo d e rn d a ily ga r b o f t h e
,

S ta t es ma n it ha s fo rfeited no n e o f it s ea rly reputa ti on

, .

N ev e rth el es s o n th e 29t h O f J un e 1 857 L o rd C a n n i n g s

’
, , ,

Sec ret a ry fo un d it n ec es s a ry t o w a rn i ts publi s h er a g a i n s t

a r ep et iti o n o f rema rk s O f t he d an gero us n a t ure c o n
t a in ed i n a n a r t i c l e o n th e c en t en a ry o f Pl a s s ey C erta i n .

n a t i v e edit o r s w er e b r o ught t o tri a l be fo re t h e S up r e me

C o ur t o n a c h a rge O f p ubli s hi n g s edi t i o us li bel s a n d t he ,

r n d j ury r et urn ed a tr ue b ill : but th e c h a r e w a s n ot

g a g
pr es s ed o n t he ten d er O f a n ex pr es s i o n o f c o n tri t i o n a n d
a n un d ert a ki n g n o t t o o fl en d fo r t h e f ut ur e To s uc h .
 CA L C UTTA D U R I N G THE M U TI N Y . 21 1

a pit c h ,
h o w e v e,
r did pu bli c f e e l i n g ru n , a n d s o un re

s tra i n ed w a s th e l a n gua g e emplo yed ,

t h a t O u t he 1 8th

Sep tembe r t he Hurka ru w a s a ft er a w a r n i n g s up pres s ed

,

a n d it s li c en s e w a s n o t r es t o re d un til a n a p o l og y h a d been

rec ei ved from the pro p ri eto r The ex ci temen t w a s h ei ght

.

en ed by t h e a c ti o n t a k en by S i r F red eri c k H a llid a y i n

the w ell kn o w n c a s e o f M r W illi a m Ta yl er , th e C o mmi s

- .

s io ne r o f P a t n a . Th e c on tro v ers y on t h e pr op ri ety of M r .

Ta yl er s c o n d uc t in o rd eri ng hi s di s tri c t o ffi c e rs t o a ba n d o n
’

t hei r p o s ts a nd to fal l ba c k upo n D in a po re ha s fi ll ed ma n y

,

vo l ume s a n d th e p r es en t i s n o t t h e oc c a s i on fo r r a ki n g up

the ember s o f t hi s fa mo us feud . B ut it is ha rd t o den y

o ur s y mp a thy t o a man w h os e ca us e h a s evo k ed t h e a d

voca c o f hi s t o ri a n s o f t h e ca li bre O f S i r J o h n W i lli a m

y
Ka ye a n d C o l o n el Ma l l es on a n d h a rd er s ti ll , perh a ps ,
,

t o es ca pe th e th oug ht th a t per s o n a l di s l i k e t o M r Ta yl er .

w a s n o t w ith out i t s i n fl uen c e O n th e Li eut en a n t Go v er -

no r s
’
i n flex i bl e a tti tud e to w a rd s him The C a lc utta.

Press a fter the remo va l o f its muz z l e in J un e, 1 858, ma d e

full us e o f th e w ea po n w hi c h w a s t h us a ff o rd ed : an d it
is o n ly fa i r t o a dd t ha t the Hurka ru w a s n ot the o n l y o r
by an y mea n s t h e w o rs t o fl en der, a n d th a t i f it did n o t t e

p en t w ith i t s b e tt er s , it c e rta i n ly s i n n e d w i t h a g r ea t
ma n y O f its elders .
 C H A P TE R X IV .

ON THE T H R E S H O L D O F TO D AY
- .

W rm t he p a s s i n g o f t h e c l o ud o f muti n y a n d m a s s a c re
w hi c h h a n g s ov er t h e y ea r 1 857 w e emerge i n t o t h e h i s t o ry
,

o f o ur ow n t i mes . C a l c ut t a a s w e k n o w it t o d a y h a s
, ,

li t era lly g ro w n up w ithi n t he memo ry o f ma n y w ho a re s t i ll

”
a mo n g h er c i t i z en s . It i s n o t t oo muc h t o s a y w ro t e
,

S ir G eo rge Trev ely a n o f t he C a l c ut t a o f 1 863 t h a t t h e re

,

is n o t hi n g h ere w hi c h a n s w er s t o a p ubli c O fli c e i n Lo n d o n .

The bus i n es s o f t he S t a t e i s t r a n s a c t ed in pri va t e h o us es

hi r ed o r bo ught fo r t he purp o s e The l o bby o f t h e T re a s
.

ury is a di r t y c l o s et w i t h a w h i t ew a s h ed w a ll d a ubed w i t h
,

s p ec i men s o f n a ti ve a rt a n d o p en i n g i n t o a n un t idy b a c k
,

y a rd O ut h ere t he H o rs e G ua rd s w o uld be reg a rd ed a s

.

a n el eg a n t a n d c o mmo di o us pil e o f a rc hi t ec t ure a n d t h e

N a t i o n a l G a ll ery a s t he mo d el o f a c h a s te a n d c l a s s i c s t y l e .

T he g i be is o ut o f d a t e but i t is n o t s o v ery l o ng a g o t h a t
,

it mi g h t s till h a v e bee n r ec k o n ed t o be d es erv ed A gl a n c e

.

a t t he C a l c ut t a D ir ec t o ry o f 1 870 w ill r ev ea l h o w v e ry n e w

is t he S plen did g ro up O f p ubli c o fli c es w hi c h s urro un d s

G o ve r n men t H o us e . Th e fo un d a t i o n s o f t he Hi g h Co urt
w e r e l a id, it is tr ue i n 1 864 but it w a s n o t c o mp l et ed
, ,

un t il 1 872 : a n d mea n w hil e t h e O ri gi n a l S id e o f t he C o urt

s a t i n t he To w n H a ll a n d t h e A p pell a t e B en c he s i n t h e

C o ur t h o us e O f t he o ld S udd er D ew a n n y Ada w l a t o n t he
L o w e r Ci rc ul a r R o a d Th e o fli c es o f t he Go vern men t o f
.

I n di a w e re h ere t h ere, a n d ev eryw h ere t he H o me D ep a rt

,
21 4 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W.

Th e i mpo s i n g fa ca d e w a s a dd ed in 1 882 a n d t he Ben ga l ,

C o un c il Ch a mber w hi c h o bs c ures t he memo ry o f t h e old

Ch urc h o f St An n e w a s fi rs t us ed in the c o ld w ea t h er of
.
,

1 883 . The Bo a rd o f R ev en ue , w hi c h s i nc e the l a s t few

mo n t h s h a s been l oc a ted in t he n ew ly buil t n o rth erly w i ng
-

o f W rit ers B uildi n g s w a s in R us sell S treet i n th e tw en t i es

’
, ,

w h en c e it mig r a t ed t o t h e r em i s i B k h l l S t t
p s e n a n s a re e ,

n o w h a n d ed o v er t o t he I mpe ri a l D e a rt men t o f C o mmerc e

p
a n d I n d us t ry The C o ll ec t o r o f C a l c utt a li n ea l d esce n d
.
,

a n t o f t h e Z em i n d a r o f O ld en d a y s h a s w a n d ere d a l l o v er
,

t h e c ity i n s ea rc h o f a r es ti n g pl a c e In 1 7 83 hi s o ffi ce
-
.

w a s o n t h e s o ut h er n s id e of L a ll B az a r , w i th t h e old j a il t o

t he ea s t a n d K iern a n der s M i s s i o n Ch urc h t o t h e n o rt h

’
.

By 1 820 it h a d been remo ved t o a h o us e a t t he j unc t i o n o f

C ho w ri n ghee a n d P a rk S treet Th en c e in th e t hi rti es it
.

j o urn ey ed t o t he ol d M i n t p remi s es in Ch urc h La n e ( o n

t he s it e o f t he p re s en t S ta ti o n ery O fli c e) a n d fi fty y ea rs ,

l a t er it ha d foun d it s w a y t o a h o us e i n B a n k s h a l l S treet ,

o pp o s i t e t o t h e p r emi s es j us t q ui tt ed by t he B oa rd o f

R ev en ue . Th e bl oc k o f buildi ng s i n Ch a rn oc k P l a c e in ,

t he n o rth w es t er n c o r n er o f D a l h o us i e S q ua r e w h i c h a c
-
,

c o mmo d a te t he C o ll ec t o r a n d t he Pr es id enc y C o mm i s s i o n er

t o da y w er e e r ec ted in t he n i net i es d uri ng t he Li eut en a n t

-
,

Go v er n o rs hi p o f S i r Ch a rl es E lli o tt Th e mo d ern C us t o m
.

H o us e ( t he third o f it s r a ce) li kew i s e d a tes fro m 1 899 :

a n d t he M un i c ip a l O fli c e in C o rp o ra t i o n S tr eet an d t he

Milit a ry Sec r et a ri a t w hi c h ha s s w ept a w a y th e on c e

,

fa mili a r Bela t t ee B unga l o w o n t he E s pl a n a d e t o the ea s t

o f Go v er n me n t H o us e a re t h e w o rk o f t he r t y r
, p e s en ea .

As w i t h p ubli c o ffi c es , s o it ha s been w ith pri v a t e d w ell

 ON THE THR E S HO L D O F TO -
D AY .

i ng s . W hen the Ki n g th en t he Pri n c e o f W a l es v i s it ed

, ,

C a l c utt a in t he w i n t er o f 1 875 t he un tidy bus ti s a n d di rty

,

d w elli ngs w hi c h s till ma rk t he en tra n c e t o t he c i t y fro m

t h e H o w r a h B rid ge ex t en d ed a ll t he w a y d o w n t o t he E d en
G a rd e n s . Th e s p a c e bet w een t he pres en t i n h a bi t ed p o r
t i o n o f t he S t ra n d a n d D a lh o us i e S q ua r e w a s c o v er ed w i th

n a t i v e d w el li n g s o f t he ve ry w o r s t t y e f or tha t w a s a
p ,

ti me w h en t he Hughli w a s a rea l fo res t o f ma s t s a n d t he

l a s c a r h a d o n ly j us t beg un to a p pea r o n t he s cen e Th e .

d ri n ki n g s h o p s o f R a dh a B a z a r n o w o n ly r ema i n t o t es t ify
t o t he ma n n er i n w hi c h t h e E ur o p ea n s a il o r o f t he s a ili n g

s h ip s w hi c h l a y i n t h e po rt fo r mo n t h s a t a t i me w a s c a t e r ed
’ ’
fo r but Kipli n g s ba l l a d o f
,
P ul t a F i s h er s Boa rdi n g
H o us e bri n g s befo re us c l ea rly en o ug h t he c o n di t i o n s
w h i c h o bt a in ed w i t h r eg a rd t o t he p o rt o f C a l c ut t a R ec en t .

i m pro v emen t s ma de by t h e Be n ga l N a gpo r e R a il w a y a t

-

G a rd en R ea c h h a ve remo ved a fa mo us dri n ki ng t a v ern o f

t he c l a s s a t o ne t i me g rea t ly r es o rt ed t o by s a il o r s Th e .

o ri g i n a l pr o pri eto r o f t h e t a v er n a lo w c l a s s B en g a l i met

, ,

w i t h a t erri bl e d ea t h d uri ng t h e M ut i n y Thi r t y o r fo rty

.

s a il o r s bel o ng i n g t o a s hip o f w a r lyi n g i n t he Hughli a t

,

t h e t i me w er e t a k en my s t eri o us ly ill
, The men s us pec t ed
.

t h a t a n a t t emp t h a d been ma d e by t h e k eep er o f t he t a ver n

t o po i s o n t h em a n d a p a rty o f s a il o r s s t o l e a s h o r e d uri ng
,

t h e n ig h t s e i z ed t h e un fo rt un a t e ma n
, a n d h a n ged h im
,

fro m K idd erpo re B rid ge An en q ui ry w a s h eld but t he

.
,

a c t ua l p erpe t r a t o r s o f t he c ri me w ere n ev er di s c o v ered .

If th e na me of t he fi r s t
Li eut en a n t Go vern o r o f B enga l
-

reca l ls l i t tl e but M ut i n y memo ri es i t i s even mo r e di ffi c ul t

,

t o c o n j ur e up a pi c t ur e o f t he t i mes o f h is s uc c es s o r w hi c h
 21 6 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

is n ot d eeply t i nged w i t h i n di go The g r a v i t y o f t he

.

c ri s i s pr oduc ed by t he s t rugg l e bet w een S i r J o hn P et er

G ra n t a n d t he p o w e rs o f t h e i n di go w o rld w a s s uc h t h a t
ev en t he c a l m ,di s pa s s i o n a t e mi n d o f L o rd C a n n i n g w a s
fo rc ed t o a d mi t t h a t it c a us ed him mo re a n x i e ty t h a n
he h a d f el t s i n c e t he f a ll o f D e lhi . O f t he bitt ern e s s o f
feeli n g en gen d ered bet w een o fli c ia ls a n d pl a n t ers a n d o f ,

t h e upro a r i n p a rti c ul a r c r ea t ed in C a l c utt a by t h e fa mo us

N i l D urpa n c a s e t he c o n t emp o ra ry p r es s a s i n th e c a s e o f
, ,

t h e M ut i n y w ill be o ur bes t i n t erpr et er s : b ut it w o ul d be

,

ha rd t o pen a des c ripti o n mo re g ra p hi c th a n t h a t c o n t a i n ed

in t he pa ges o f t he C ompet i ti o n w a lla h w hi c h h a v e a l rea dy
-
,

been s o freely l a id un d er c o n t ri but i o n a n d w hi c h a re a p er

,

feet mi n e o f w ea lth t o a ll w ho d es i re t o ga i n a k n o w l ed g e
o f t he ma n n e rs a n d c us t o ms a n d p o li t i c s o f I n di a i n t he
”
s i x ti es . N il D urpa n o r t he , mi rr o r o f i n di go w a s i n i ts
,

o ri g i n a dr a ma i n B en ga lee d e pi c ti n g t h e i n dig o pl a n t i ng -

s y s t e m a s v i ew ed by t he n a t i v es o f t h e c o un t y I t w as
r .

tra n s l a t ed i n to E n gli s h by t he R ev J a mes L o ng a m is.

,

s io n a ry w h o w a s a few y ea rs l a t er t o a dd t o h is f a me a s

o n e o f t he mo s t pr o mi nen t me mber s O f t he I n di an R ec o rd

C o mmi s s i o n . I f his n a me w e re n o t a lrea dy i mmo rta liz ed

by his c o n n ec t i o n w i t h N i l D urpa n he w o uld be a mp l y
,

remembered by h is S el ec t i o n s fr o m t he U n p ubli s he d
R ec o rd s o f Go v er n me n t a n d h is a rti c les in t he C a lc ut ta

R ev i ew w hi c h c a s t a fl oo d o f li g ht upo n th e ea rly hi s t o ry
,

o f t he E n g li s h in I n di a a n d h a ve f urn i s h ed t h e s t a r t i n
g
p o i n t fo r a l l s u b s e q ue n t en q uir ers E x t r a c t s fro m M r
. .

L o ng s tra n s l a t i o n o f N il D urpa n ma y be fo un d i n t h e
’

C o mpet i t i o n w a lla h
-
,a nd t he y r ea d h a rm l es s ly e n o u h
g
a f t e r t he l a p s e o f fi ve a n d fo rt y y ea r s B ut t he pl a n t i n g
.
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

so m uc h y mp a t hy w as ex c i t ed a s fo r M r Lo n g
s The
. .

n a t i v e i n h a b it a n t s o f C a l c ut t a un d er t he pr es id en c y o f the
,

g r a n d s o n o f N ub k i s s en R ,a j a h S i r R a dh a K a n t a D e b de ,

ma n ded in publi c meet i ng t h e rec a ll o f S i r M o rd a unt

W ell s , i n c o n s eq uen c e o f h is freq uen t a n d i n di s c ri mi na te
a t t a c k s o n t h e c h a r a c t er s o f t h e n a t i v es o f t h e c o un t r w ith
y
a n i n t emp er a n c e i n c o n s i s t en t w i t h t h e ca l m di n i ty o f the
g
Ben c h a s a l s o h is r ep ea t ed a n d i n di s c r eet ex hi b i t i o n s o f a
,

s t ro n g p o li t i c a l b i a s a n d r a c e pr ej udi c e w hi c h a re n o t c om

p a t i bl e w i t h t he i mp a rt i a l a d mi n i s t r a ti o n of j us t i c e E ven .

t h e B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a D r C o t t o n c o uld n o t re ma i n s il en t
,
.
,
.

Th e c h a rg e o f S i r M o rd a un t W ell s he w r o t e
, is a ,

me l a n c h o ly i n s t a n c e o f t he o ppo s i t i o n w hi c h ma y be s o me
t i mes O bs e r v ed i n t h e w o rld bet w een l eg a l a n d m o r a l j us

t ic e . P a s s a ges w hi c h t he J ud ge d es c ri bed a s fo ul a nd
di s g us t i n g a re in n o w a y mo re g r o s s t h a n ma n y a n E ng
,

li s h s t o ry o r pl a y t ur n i n g o n t he rui n o f a s i m pl e h un t ed
”
r us t i c w hi c h p eo pl e r ea d a n d t a l k a bo ut w i t ho ut s c rup l e .

Th er e w as muc h t r ut h in t h es e wo r ds of t he B i s h o p . The

p o s it ion , as i t w a s p o i n t ed o ut a t t he t i me ,
w a s ex a c t l y a s

i f t he F ren c h c l ergy h a d pr o s ec ut ed M o l i er e o r t h e Y o rk
s hir e sc h o o l ma s t er s t h e c rea to r o f M r S q ueers : a n d th e .

t ri umph o f t he pl a n t er s w a s in t he en d t o pro fi t t h em
n o t hi n g .L o rd C a n n i ng s t oo d l o y a lly by h is li eut en a n t ,

a nd S i r Ch a rl es W o o d t he S ec ret a ry o f S t a te n ev er
, ,

w a v e red i n h i s s upp o r t Th e ul t i ma t e res ul t o f t h e s t rug

.

l e ma y be s een in t he rui n ed a n d d es o l a t e f a c t o ries w h i ch

g
c o n fr o n t t h e t r a v ell er i n N uddea a n d J es s o re : a n d h o w

ev e r un fo r t un a t e i t ma y be d ee med it mus t be c o n ,

c ed ed t o h a v e been i n ev i t a b l e S till t he v i c to ry o f t he
.
,
 ON THE THR E S HO L D o r TO - D AY . 21 9

m o m en t res t ed ith i n di go a n d i ts c ha mpi o n s w ere n o t

w ,

s lo w t o t a ke a d v a n t ag e o f it M r Seto n Ka rr S ec ret a ry
. .
-
,

t o t h e Go v er n men t o f B en g a l by w h o s e s an c t i o n t he un
,

l uc k y p a mphl et w a s c i rc ul a t ed w a s a s s a il ed w ith h os til e

,

c ri t i c i s m fr o m a ll s ides a n d c o mp ell ed t o res i g n h is o ffi c e

b ut h e w a s a ft er w a rd s ma d e a J ud g e o f t he Hi g h Co urt
a n d ( s uc h w ere t h e met h o d s o f t ho s e d a y s ) en d ed h i s

o ffi c i a l c a r ee r a s F o re i g n Sec r et a ry t o t h e Gov er n men t o f

I n dia . He w a s n o t t he o n ly Ci v ili a n a t t a c k ed Th e .

p l a n t e r s r o u n dly d ec l a r e d t h a t t h e o b j ec t o f t h e o ffi c i a l
w a s t o r ui n t he i n d us t ry a nl ex e l t h e i n te rl o pe r
p
a n d t he a d v en t urer fro m t he c oun try E ve ry M a g i s .

t ra t e s us p ec t ed o f t he s ma ll es t le a n i n g t o w a rd s t he s id e

o f t he r a iy a t s w a s me rc il es s ly i bb et d i n t h E n g li s h
g e e

ma n a n d: t he Hurka ru All t he w ea p o n s o f i n v ec tiv e em

.

p l o y e d d u ri ng t h e M u ti n y y ea r w e r e b r o ug ht o n c e a g a i n

in t o r eq ui s i t i o n . M r Gr a n t ma y n o w be s a id t o be rea p
.

in g . It is ma n ufa c t uri n g s ea s o n w ith h i m j us t a t p res en t .

He so w ed perw a n n a h s he pl o ug h ed w i t h mi n ut es he
, ,

h a rr o w ed us w ith Lus hingt o n s a n d H er s c hel s a n d he is ,

n o w rea pi n g Poet ry o f a s o rt fo un d a s us ua l a
pl a c e a mo ng t he w a res w ith w hi c h t he j o ur n a li s ti c B il li ngs
g a t e w a s s t oc ke d A c.h o i ce s p e c i m e n t h o ug h b y
, n o m e a n s

o f t h e s t r o n g es t b ra n d ma y be bo rro w ed fr o m t he Hur
,

“ ”
ka ru . Go v e r n o r G r a n t w e a re t o ld
, is a t erri ble
,

ma n A s he rei g n s in Alipo re H a ll A c o mpo un d of

, ,

Mr . E . H . L ush in gton w a s the C o mmis s ioner of th e N uddea

D ivis io n , th e c en tre o f the i n d igo di s turba n c es , a nd Mr .
( no w Si r
Wil l i a ml H ersc hel , th e M a gist ra t e a nd C oll ect or o f K ri shn a ga r , th e
hea dq ua rt ers st a t ion of tha t di s t ri c t .
 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

Ghen g is K ubl a i Kh an Ta me rl a n e N a di r a n d a l l
a nd , ,
.

A n d a s h e s i t s upo n h is t hr o n e
,
S a y s J P G ra n t s ez
,
. .
,

”
he D ri ve me t he pl a n t er s i n t o t he s ea
, .

L a mpo o n s were fo ll o w ed by mo re liti ga ti o n a n d t h e ,

Li eut en a n t Go v ern o r w a s a c tua lly s ued fo r li bel by a n ia

-

dig n a n t i n di go pl an te r
-
Th e c a s e w a s h ea rd by S i r B a rn es
.

P ea c o c k w ho j udi c i o us ly d ev o ured t he o y s t e r a n d h a n d ed
,

ea c h p a r t y o n e o f t he s h ell s fo r h o w el s e s h a ll h is fi n di ng
be i n te rpre t ed t h a t t h e d efen d an t h a d p ubli s h ed d ef a ma t o ry
ma t t er w i t h o ut l eg a l ex c us e but w i t h o ut
,
ma li c e i n fa c t ,

a n d h is a w a rd o f t h e s um o f o n e rup ee w i t h o ut c o s t s t o

t he pl a i n t i ff w ho h a d bee n a bl e t o s h o w n o d a m a ge up o n

h is p a rt

In t he mid s t o f a ll f er men t p ro d uc ed
t he ex c i t emen t a n d

by t h es e i n c id en t s ma t t e r s of mo r e r ea l a n d pe r m a n e n t
,

i mp o rt a n c e t o t he c ity w ere n o t s uffered t o be n eg l ec t ed .

I n 1 860 t he C a l c ut t a R ifl e C o rp s w a s o ffi c i a lly co n s t i t ut ed .

Its en t i re s t reng t h i n c l ud i n g v o l un t eer s fro m S e r a mpo re

,

a n d Alip o r e ,
t o t a ll ed s o me 1 60 men a n d i t w a s p la c ed
,

un d er t he c o m ma n d o f C o l o n el ( t h en C a p t a i n ) G B M a l . .

l es o n t he hi s t o ri a n o f t he I nd i a n M ut i n y A c o mm i s s i o n
, .

w a s a pp o i n t ed i n t he fo ll o w i n y r t h r epr t t i o n
g ea o n , e e s en a

o f t h e T ra d es
’
A s s oc i a t i o n to en q ui re i n t o t he p er e n n i a l
,

pro bl em o f mun i c ip a l a d mi n i s t r a t i o n Th ei r repo r t s t a t ed

.

t h ei r c o n v i c t i o n t h a t t h e i n a d eq ua c y o f th e c o n serv a n c
y
a rr a n g emen t s o f w hi c h c o mpl a i n t w a s s o l o ud w a s d ue t o ,

w a n t o f fun d s : a n d a r ec o mmen d a t i o n w a s s ubm i t t ed fo r

t h e c o n s t i t ut i o n o f a c en t r a l M un i c ip a l Bo a rd c o n s i s t i n g of
6 mem be r s w i t h t he C o m mi s s i o n e r o f P o li c e a s Pr es i d en t
, ,

a n d 6 l o c a l bo a rd s . The s c h eme fell t hro ug h h o w ev er , ,

 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW.

in o p era ti o n fo r n ea rly fo urt een y ea rs The i n s a n i ta ry .

c o n di t i on o f C a l c utt a a t thi s t i me w a s a ma tt e r o f s e ri o us

mo men t i f w e a re t o a cc ept S ir J o h n S tra c h ey a s an

,

a uth o ri ty W riti n g in Ma rc h 1 864, in hi s c a p a ci ty of

.
,

Pr es id en t o f t he Sa n i t a ry Co m mi s s i on for Beng a l h e did ,

n o t h es it a t e t o d ec l a r e th a t t he s t a te o f t h e ca pi t a l of

B riti s h I n di a o n e o f th e g rea t es t a n d w ea l t hi es t c i t i es in
,

t h e w o rld i s a s c a n d a l a n d a di s g r a c e t o a c i v ili z ed g o v ern

,

me n t . Th e c on diti o n o f t he c ity is s uc h th a t it is l i t e ra l ly
un fi t fo r th e h a b i ta t i o n o f c i v ili z ed men The s t a t e e v en o f
.

t he s o uther n di v i s i o n o f t h e t o w n w hi c h c on t a i n s t h e fi ne
,

h o us es o f the p ri n c i pa l E uro pea n i n ha bi t a n t s i s O ft en ,

mo s t o fl en s iv e a n d o bj ec t i o n a bl e w hil e w ith reg a r d t o t he

,

n o rt h e r n o r n a ti v e di v i s i o n o f C a l c utt a w hi c h c o n t a i ns
,

s o me h un d r ed th o us a n d peo p l e it is n o fi gure o f s peec h

, ,

but t he s i mpl e t r ut h t o s a y t h a t n o l a n g ua ge c a n a de
,
~

q u a t el y d es c ri b e i t s a bo m i n a t i o n s I n t h
. e fi l t h i es t q u a r t e r s

o f t h e filt h ies t t o w n s th a t I h a v e s een i n o th e r rt of

p a s

I n di a o r o th er co un tri es I h a v e n ever seen a n y th i n g w h ich

,

ca n fo r a mo men t be c o mp a red w ith t he fi lt h i n es s O f C a l

c utt a . Thi s is t r ue n o t me rely o f t he i n te ri o r p o r t i o n s of

,

t h e t o w n o r o f t he byew a y s a n d p l a ces i n ha bit ed b t h

, y e

po o r er c l a s s es but it is tr ue o f th e p ri n c i pal th o r oug h fa res

,

a n ] o f t he q ua r t ers fi ll ed w ith th e h ous es o f the ri c h es t a nd

mo s t i n fl uen tia l po rti o n s o f t h e n a ti v e c ommun ity . If a
l a i n unv a rn i s h ed d es c ripti on o f th e s t reet s o f t h e n o r th
p
ern di v i s i o n o f C a l c ut ta bo rd ered by t h eir h o rri bl e O u
,
p
d ra i n s i n w hi c h a l mo s t a ll the fi lth of t he c ity s tag n a nt;
,

a n d p ut refi es w ere g i v en t o t h e peo le o f E n l a n d I 1 4:

, p g ,

li eve t h a t th ey w o uld c o n s id er t h e a cc o un t a l t og et h e r n ~

c r edi bl e The c o n di t i o n o f t he ri v er upo n t he ba n k s of

.
 ON THE THR E S HO LD O F TO - D AY .

w hi c h C alc utt a s ta n d s is a s a bo mi n a bl e a s t h a t of t he c ity

i ts elf . I n eed o n ly men ti o n o n e fa c t rega rdi n g it M o re .

th an fiv e t h o us a n d h uma n c o rp s es h a v e been ev ery y ea r

th r o w n fro m C al c ut t a i n t o t he ri v er w hi c h s uppli es th e

r e a t e r p a rt o f th e i n h a bi ta n t s w ith w a t e r fo r a l l d omes ti c
g
p pu r o s es ,
a n d w hi c h f o r s ev er a l m il es i s c o v er ed w ith s hip
p gi n a s th i c kly a s al m os t a n y ri v e r i n t h e w o rld F
. ift een

hun dred c o rp ses h a v e a ct ua l ly been t hr o w n i n t o t h e ri v er

in on e y ea r fr o m t he Go v ern men t h os p it a l s a l on e Th a t
.

s uch t hi n g s s h o uld be t r ue s eems r ea lly t o be h a rdly c r ed i

ble .

W h eth er th i s pi c t ure be o verc o l o ured it mus t be

o r n ot ,

set d o w n t o t he c r edi t o f th e J us ti c es th a t th ey h a d a l o n
g
li st o f i m p r ovemen t s a n d refo r ms t o ex h i bit w hen th ey l a id
dow n th ei r o fli ce in 1 876 A H eal t h O fli c er a n d E n gi n eer
.

w ere fo r th e fi r s t t i me a p po i n t ed fo r t h e c ity : a n d i n o be

dien ce t o t he di ct um o f S i r J o h n Str a c he y t h a t th e mun i

,

c ipa li t y s h o uld r ul e t h e p o li c e a n d n o t th e p o li c e t he mun i

,

cipa li t y — a di c t um n o w di s c r edit ed — t h e Ch a i r ma n o f th e

J us tic es beca me a l s o C o mmi s s i o n er o f P o li ce fo r t he to w n

of C a lc utt a . A n umero us p ubli c bo dy ha s been O ffi c i a lly
decl a red n o w a da y s t o c o n n o t e i n efli c ien c y , a n d t he J us ti
- -

ces v a ri ed in n umber fro m 1 29 t o 1 53 B ut t he dr a i n a ge

.

wor ks o f C a l c ut t a beca me a r ea lity un der thei r a us pi c es ,

a nd t he w a t er s upply w hi c h in 1 863 w a s obt a i n a bl e o n ly

-
,

Th e q uot a t i on is t a ken f rom M r C E B uckl a n d s B enga l un d er

’

—
. . .

Li m enc h i - Gon ern ors a book w hi ch is w el l w orth cons ul ta ti on

the st uden t o f mod ern In dia n hi story, in sp ite o f th e l ong ca ra va n

o mia l
c documen t s w hi ch st ra ggl es una tt end ed a cross i ts pa ges .
224 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N Ew .

f ro m fo ul a n d i n s a n i t a ry t a n k s a n d w a s ra rely s uffi c i en t
,

in q ua n tity w a s ma d e bo t h p ure a n d c o n s t a n t
,
. The
h o rri bl e O pen dra i n s w hi c h h a d di s gus t ed S i r J o hn
,

S t r a c h ey a s t h ey ha d G r a n dpre a n d M a c ki n to s h w ere ,

fi ll ed in a n d t h eir pl a c e t a k en by 38 mil es o f b ri c k s e w ers

,

un d e r ma i n s t r eet s a n d 37 mil es o f pi pe s ew er s a l o n g t he
,
-

a ll ey s . N o t l es s rema rk a bl e w a s t he a rr a n g emen t s ti ll
,

i n o p er a t i o n by w hi c h t h e s ew a g e o f t he t o w n w a s d a il v
,

ca rri ed O ff by s t ea m p um p s t hro ug h a h ig h l ev el s ew e r to

t h e S a l t L a k es t h er e t o c o n t rib ut e t o t h e r a i s i n g a n d t ra ns
,

fo r ma t i o n i n t o a fe rt il e t r a c t o f t he s w a mp s w h i c h h a d
o n c e be en a s t a n di n g men a c e t o t h e h ea l t h o f C a l c utt a .

Th e M un i c i p a l R a il w a y a l o n g L o w er Ci rc ul a r R o a d w hic h ,

t r a n s p o r t s t he s t r eet a n d h o us e s w eepi n g s t o t h e s a me

l oc a li t y a n d w hi c h i n c i n era t o r s s h o uld befo r e l o n g r el i eve

,

o f it s d ut i es w a s c o n s tr uc t ed bet w een 1 865 a n d 1 86 7

, . The
N ew M a rk et w hi c h w a s bui l t bet w een 1 87 1 a n d 1 87 4 is
, ,

a n o t h er mo n umen t t o t he en er y o f t he J us ti c es w h i c h t he
g
o rdi n a ry c i t i z en o f C a l c utt a pr o ba bly f eel s bet t e r a b l e t o

a ppr ec i a t e I n t he ma t t er o f t he w a t er s upply i n fi n i te
. -

t a c t a n d p a ti en c e w e r e r e q uir ed t o meet t h e i n i t i a l d i ffi c ul t
‘

y
o c c a s i o n ed b
y t h e pr e j u di c es o f r eli g i o n O r.t h o d o x H i n»

d o o s d eba t ed w h eth er t h ey c o uld w i t h o ut l o s s o f c a s te

, ,

dri n k w a t er t h a t h a d c o me thro ugh i n fid el pip es . B ut

t h ei r s c r upl es w er e g r a d ua lly o v er c o me The c l a i ms o f
.

c o n s c i en c e w ere met h a lf w a y by t he mi n g li n g o f a l i t tl e o f

t he muddy b ut h o ly G a n g es w a t er w i t h t he p ure fl ui d f ro m

t h e mun i c ip a l s t a n dpo s t : a n d fi n a lly t h ey w ere ig n o red

a lt o geth er All C a l c ut t a t o da y c o n t en t edly d ra w s i t s s u

-
p
.

ply fro m t he w a t erw o rk s a t P ul t a tw o mil es fro m B a rra c k

,

p o re w h ere ev ery th i n g th a t fi l t r a ti o n ca n a cc o mp l i s h is
,
 C H A PTE R XV .

THE L AS T F O R TY Y E AR S .

THE y ea r 1 864 w hi c h w a s t he o n e i mme di a t e ly fo ll ow

,

i n g t h e i n c o rp o r a t i o n o f t he J us t i c es w a s l ik ew i s e a memot
,

a bl e o n e fo r C a l c ut t a . It w i t n es s ed t h e fo r ma l i n a ugura
t i o n o f t h e S i m l a ex o d us w hi c h fo r ei g h t m o n th s each

y ea r d epri ves t h e c a pi t a l o f t h e pr es en c e o f t h e V i c e ro y and

t he member s O f t h e S up re me G o ve r n men t .Lo rd A mh erst
h a d s p en t t h e h o t w ea t h er o f 1 829 a t S i ml a but h i s s ucces
s o r s w er e c o n t en t w i t h B a rr a c kp o r e a s a s umme r r e s id ence

un t il t h e a d v en t o f Si r J o h n L a w r en c e It w i t n es sed
.

a l s o t h e s p ec ul a t i v e ma n i a o v er a n un l uc ky s c h e me f o r the

rec l a ma t i on o f t h e S un derbun ds o f w hi c h n o t hi n g r ema i ns

,

but t h e des er t ed w h a rves o f P o r t C a n n i n g but w h i c h re ,

s ult ed i n r ui n t o ma n y . F i n a lly t h e a ut um n o f t h e y e a r w a s
,

ma rk ed a l s o by a c y c l o n e o f un pr ec ed en t ed v i o l e n c e w hi c h ,

bur s t o v er C a l c ut t a o n t h e 5t h O c t o ber . Th er e a re s t ill

li v i n g eye w i t n es s es o f t he h a v oc a n d di s a s t er c a us ed in
-

e v e ry q ua r te r o f t h e t o w n . Th e fo rc e o f t he w i n d i s de
s c r ibed a s ex t r a o rdi n a rily g r ea t s o s t r o n g w a s i t t ha t o v er

a h un dr ed ma s o n ry h o us es w e r e d es tr o y ed a n d t h e w al l s

o f t h e s t o ut es t b ri c k b uildi n g s q ui v er ed un d er t he g us t s .

The f ull w ei g h t o f t he s t o r m w a s f el t bet w een t en o c l o c k in

’

t he fo r en o o n a n d fo ur O c l oc k in t h e a f t er n oo n
’
.A bo ut
midd a y a n o i s e li k e t h a t o f di s t a n t t h un d er g a v e w a rn i n g ,

a n d i n a n i n c r edi bly s h o r t s p a c e o f t i me t h e h ur ri c a n e

fell up o n t he t ow n . It w a s a cc o mpa n i ed bv t o rre n t s

 THE L AS T FO R T Y Y EA R S .

o f r
s t o ng dri v i ng r a i n w hi c h fl o o d ed t he s treet s a n d ,

b y a s t o r m w a ve w hi c h d ev a s t a t ed t he c o un try a t a dis
-

t a n c e o f ei g ht mil es i n l a n d o n ei t h er s id e o f t h e ri v er ,

c a rryi n g a w a y en t i re v ill ag es a n d ri s i n g i n s o me pl a c es t o

a h ei g h t O f t hi rty feet In t h e n o rt h ern di v i s i o n o f t h e

.

t o w n t h e n a t i v e h ut s w er e bl o w n d o w n i n g r ea t n um be r s
, ,

a bo ut f o rt y t h o us a n d bei n g r ui n ed o r i n j ur ed Th e di s t res s.

i n t h e s o ut h er n q ua r t er w a s a l mo s t a s g rea t : a n d m a n y
a n E n g l i s h r es id en c e i n E ly s i um R o w a n d C a r n a c S t r eet

w a s t ur n ed i n t o a r ef uge fo r t h e h o mel es s i n h a bit a n t s o f

b us t ees w hi c h h a d be en lev ell ed w i t h t h e g ro un d S o me .

s ev e n t ee n p er s o n s w er e o fli c ia lly r ep o r t ed a s kill ed in t he

tow n ,
a n d t hi r t y t w o i n t he s ubur bs
-
H un dr ed s o f bi rd s
.

w e re d a s h ed t o t he g r o un d a n d l a y g a t h er ed i n t o g rea t
,

h ea p s o n t he M a id a n o n t he fo ll o w i n g da y B us i n es s w a s .

c o m pl et ely a rr es t ed t h e o n ly t w o a t t en d a n t s a t t he C o ur t

H o us e w er e S ir B a r n es P ea c oc k t he Chi ef J us t i c e a n d
, ,

M r B elc h a mbe rs
. t he R eg i s t r a r t h e l a t t er ea r n i n g t he
, ,

di s t i n c t i o n o f bei n g t he fi rs t a rri v a l The roo f o f S t P a ul s

. .
’

C a t h edra l w a s t o rn o ff a n d a s i mil a r f a te o v er t oo k t he
,

mi n a re t s o f t he g rea t mo s q ue a t t h e c o r n er o f D h urrum
t o l la h a n d t h e r o o f o f t he F r ee S c h o o l The n o bl e a v en ue
.

o f t r ee s w hi c h led up t o t he G o v er n o r s h o us e i n Fo r t
’

W illi a m a n d t he a v en ues i n t he Bo t a n i c Ga rd en s a n d o n
,

t h e B a rr a c kp o r e R oa d v a n i s h ed ut t erly .

O n t he d ev a s t a t i o n w a s ev en g r ea t er Th ere
ri v er , t he .

w er e 1 95 v es s el s w i t h in t h e li m i t s o f t h e P o r t O f C a lc ut t a

o n t h e 5t h o f O c t o ber Th ey w i t h s t o o d t h e w i n d : b ut t he
.

s t o r m w a ve-
w a s t o o muc h fo r t h em O ne s hip a ft er
.

a n o t h e r s lipp ed h er mo o ri n s T l d i t ug
g e n v.es s e s a n s x
228 L
CA C U TTA O LD AN D N Ew .

t
s ea mer s w ere l os t hip s dri ven a s h o re The
, a nd 1 45 s .

Govin dpo re a n ew s hip o f

, to n s ca p s i zed o ff the ,

C us to m H o us e The B ur ma h ma il s t ea mer fo un d er ed a t
.

t h e S an dh ea ds w i t h n ea rly a ll h a n d s : t he P 8: 0 C o rn . .

n y s ma il boa t B en a l s tr a n d ed o n t he H o w r a h s i d e o f
’

p a -
g
t h e ri v er but w a s go t o ff w i t h o ut d a mag e a n d t h ei r h ul k
, , ,

t h e H in dos ta n br o k e l oos e a n d w en t d ow n o ff G a rd en
,

Rea c h . Tw o ri ver s t ea mer s w ere bl o w n a s h o re o n e o n

-
,

At s ix o c l o c k i n t h e eve n i n g th e
’
t h e t o p o f t h e o t h er .

S t ra n d R o a d w a s br ea s t hi g h i n w a t er a t pl a c es There .

ha d been s evere s t o rms in C a l c ut t a in 1 842 a n d 1 852 but ,

t he c y c l o n e o f 1 864 w a s by c o mmon c on s en t d ec l a re d t o

h a v e s urp as s ed the m in i n t en s ity .

Three y ea rs l a t erC a l c ut t a w a s v i s it ed by a n o t h e r
,

h urri c a n e o n t he 2n d N o v ember 1 867 w hi c h oc c urri ng a s , , ,

i t did i n t h e s ma ll h o urs o f t he mo r n i n g w a s pro d uc t i v e ,

o f ev en r ea t er i n j ury a n d l o s s o f life th a n it s p r ed ec es s o r
g .

Th e r et ur n s s h o w ed a d ea th ro ll o f o v er a t h o usa n d pe rs o n s
-

in t he t o w n a n d s uburbs : a n d t h e d es t r uc t i o n o f ov e r a
h un dr ed a n d fi fty ma s o n ry buildi n gs a n d n ea rly t h i rt y
t h o us a n d h ut s w a s r ep o rted Th e d am a ge o n t h e ri v er
.

w a s o f a s eri o us c h a r a c t er Th er e w as n o s t o r m w a v e
.
-
,

a n d t he s hip s i n t h e ri v er w er e gen e r a lly a bl e t o rid e o ut

t he c y c l o n e : but t h e n umbe r o f c a rgo boa t s l o s t w a s so

g r ea t t h a t t h e b u s i n es s o f t h e P o rt w a s s eri o us ly i n t e r

fet ed w ith fo r a t i me .

In t he 1 870,
C a l c ut t a w a s h o n o ured by a v i s i t fr o m
y ea r
t h e D uk e O f E di n bur h
g w h o l a n d ed fr o
,
m H M S . . .

Ga la t ea a t P ri n s ep s G h a t a c c o rdi n g t o ti me h o n oured
’
,
-

c us t o m o n t he 22n d D ec ember
, a n d rema i n ed a t Go v ern
,
230 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

W a ha bees a t r uc ul en t a n d s edi t i o us M uha mma d a n s ec t

'

, ,

w hi c h h a d been o f l a t e c a us i n g t r o ubl e B ut t h e c l o s e s t.

en q ui ry fa il ed t o S h o w a n y g r o un d s fo r s uc h s us pi c i o n :

a n d t h e a ut h o r o f t h e c ri me di ed o n t h e s c a ff o ld w i t h o ut

g i vin
g a n y c l ue t o h i s m o t i v es .

Fo ur mo n t h s l a t er o n t h e 8t h o f F eb rua ry 1 872 t h e
, , ,

V i c er o y L o rd M a y o w a s fa t a lly s t a bbed a t P o rt B l a i r t h e
, , ,

c a pi t a l o f t h e p en a l S ett l emen t i n t h e A n d a ma n I s l a n d s ,

by a P un j a bee c o n v i c t o f t h e n a me O f S h e r e Al i w ho w a s ,

un d er s en t e n c e o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n fo r lif e fo r m urd e r T he .

n ew s r ea c h ed C a l c ut t a o n t h e 1 3t h a n d o n t h e 1 7t h th e
,

l a t e V i c er o y s rema i n s w hi c h h a d been b r o ug h t up t he
’

ri v er i n H M S D a phn e w e re l a n d ed a t G a rd en R ea c h
. . .
,

a n d c o n v ey ed t o G o v er n men t H o us e o v er H a s t i n g s B ri d ge

a n d a l o n g t he S t r a n d R o a d At t h e g r a s s pl o t o ppo s i t e
.

P ri n s ep s G h a t w h e re t he s t a t ue o f Lo rd N a pi e r o f
’

M a gd a l a n o w s t a n d s t he E uro p ea n res id en t s in C a l c ut t a
,

j o i n ed i n t h e fun er a l pro c es s i o n The c o ffi n l a y i n s t a te

.

i n t h e Th ro n e— R o o m a t G o v e r n men t Ho us e fo r t w o d a y s ,

a n d a f t e r a f un e r a l s e r v i c e h a d been p er fo r med by B i s h o p

M il ma n o n t h e n o r t h g r a n d s t a i rc a s e o n t h e mo r n i n g o f t he
2l s t it w a s t a k en o n bo a rd a s hip o f w a r fo r d es p a t c h
,

t o I r el a n d in a c c o rd a n c e w i t h L o rd M a y o s s p ec i a l d i rec
’
,

t i o n s i n h is w ill As i n t he c a s e o f Chi ef J us t i c e N o r ma n
. ,

t h e mo t i v e s O f t h e mur der r ema i n ed a m y s t ery a n d it w a s

f o un d a s befo re i mpo s s i bl e t o t r a c e a n y c o mmun i c a t i o n

, ,

bet w e en h i m a n d t h e \V a h a bee l ea d e rs in I n di a Th e p ro .

fo un d es t s en s a t i o n w a s c a us ed in C a l c ut t a by t h i s q ui c k
s uc c es s i o n o f c a l a m i t i es a n d fo r s o me t i me it w a s f ea red

t ha t t h e Li e ut en a n t G o v e r n o r a n d o t he r hi g h o fli c i a ls ha d
-
 THE LA ST Y YEA R S
FO R T . 231

be en ma rke d d o w n a s t he ne x t v i c ti ms S ir G eo rg e C a mp
.

be ll rec o rd s h o w ev er i n h is M emo i r s t h a t he w a s c o n
, ,

v i n c ed t h a t t he t w o a s s a s s i n a t i o ns w ere o n ly un h a pp y

c o i n c id en c es a n d he t oo k
, no prec a ut i o n s He prov ed .

t o be in t h e rig h t : but i t w a s s o me t i me befo re ev en t he

t o ug h es t n e r v es i n C a l c ut t a c ea s ed t o f eel t h e s t r a i n p ut

up o n t he m by t he d o ubl e t r a gedy .

I n t he w i n t er of W a l es w h o m w e
1 87 5 , t h e P rin oe of ,

no w k n o w a s Ki ng E d w a rd t he S ev en t h fo ll o w ed t he ,

ex a m pl e s et by h is br o t h e r Pri n c e A l f red a n d v i s i t ed t he
,

ca pi t a l o f h i s f ut ur e E mpir e Th e proc ed ure fo ll o w ed w a s

.

o n v e ry s i mil a r li n es a n d w ill bea r rec o rd

, in v i ew o f th e ,

v i s i t o f a n o t h e r Pri n c e o f W a l es w hi c h ma rk s s o a us

p i c i o us ly t he o p en i n
g o f L o rd M i n t o s V ic e ro y a l
’
t y T h e .

S e ra pi s w i t h t h e R o y a l p a rt y o n bo a rd
, a rri v ed n ea r ,

D i a mo n d H a rbo ur o n t h e ev e n i n g o f t he 22n d D ec embe r ,

a n d t h e t h en Li eut e n a n t G o v e r n o r o f B en a l S i r R i h a r d
g c
-
,

Te m p l e w en t d o w n t h e r iv er a n d met Hi s R o y a l H i gh
,

n es s. O n t he fo ll o w i n g da y t he S era pi s a n c h o r ed o ff C a l
a n d t he Pri n c e o f \V a l es l a n d ed a t P ri n s ep s G h a t
’
c ut t a , ,

w h er e he w a s w el c o med b t he V i c er o y L o rd N o r t h b r o o k
y ( ) ,

a n d t h e p ubli c bo t h o fli oia l a n d n o n o fii c i a l w i t h e v ery

-
, ,

demo n s t r a t i o n o f l o y a l t y He r ec ei v ed a n a dd res s a t t h e
.

Gh a t fro m t he c i t y a n d w a s c o n d uc t ed in g r a n d pr o c es s i o n
,

by w a y o f t he E ll en bo ro ug h c o ur s e t h e r oa d bei n li ed
, g n .

w i t h t r oo p s a n d c ro w d ed w i t h s p ec t a t o r s t o G o v er n ,

men t H o us e w h ere he t o o k up h is r es id en c e a s t h e g ues t

,

of th e V i c e r o y .A s eri es o f c e re mo n i es a n d f es t i v i t ie s
in h o n o ur o f t h e Pri n c e en s ued Addr es s es ill umi n a
.
,

ti on s fi r ew o rk s
,
S t a te B a n q uet s a S t a t e B a ll rec ep t i o n s
, , ,
 232 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

of t he pri n c ipa l Chi efs a n d re t ur n v i s its a n d a Levee , ,

by n o mea n s ex h a us t ed t h e li s t A B a ll a t t he To w n
.

H al l w a s gi v en by E uro pea n S o ci et y a n d a n I n di a n ,

e n t er t a i n men t a t t he f a mo us B el g a c hi a g a rde n h o use

t h a t h a d o n c e been L o rd Auc kl a n d s c o un t ry re t rea t
’
.

V i s i t s w er e p a id t o B a rr a c kp o r e Ch a n d er n a go r e a n d the
, ,

B o t a n ic a l G a rd en s a n d t h e R a c es d uly a tt en d ed
,
R oo m .

w a s fo un d a l s o fo r a g a rd en p a r t y a n d di n n er a t B el v ede re
-
,

a Ch a p t e r o f t he O rd er o f t h e S t a r o f I n di a ( t h e P ri n c e

a c ti n g a s Hi g h C o mmi s s i o n er ) t he un veili ng o f Lo rd
,

Ma y o s s t a t ue a p o l o ma t c h bet w een C a l c ut t a a n d M a n i
’
,
-

p u ri pl
-
a y er s a, S t a te p e rf o r ma n c e a t t he t h ea t r e w i t h
Ch a rles M a t h ew s t h e fa mo us c o medi a n a s t he pri n c i p a l
, ,

a t tr a c t i o n ,
a di s pl a y o f n a t i v e h o r s ema n s hip a n d t h e in ,

ve s ti t ur e o f t h e Pri n c e w i t h th e D e ree o f D oc t o r o f L a w
g
by t he U n i v er s i t y o f C a lc ut t a O n Chri s t ma s D a y t he
.
,

Pri n c e a tt en d ed D i v i n e S erv i c e a t t he C a thed ra l A ll .

p ubl i c o ffi c es w ere c l o sed t h ro ug h o ut B eng a l fr o m t he

23rd D ece mber t o t h e 3rd J a n ua ry .

It was l
a so pri v il eg e o f S ir R i c ha rd Temp l e t o
t he

1 87 7 a t
’
a t t en d t h e D ur ba r a t D elhi o n N ew Y ea r s D a y , ,

w hi c h Q ueen V i c t o ri a s a s s um p t i o n o f t h e ti t l e o f E mp r e s s
’

o f I n di a w a s p ubli c ly pr o c l a i med B ut t he pe ri o d o f h i s
.

t hr ee y ea r s Li eut en a n t G o v er n o r s hi p d es er ves reme m

’
-

br a n c e in C a l c ut t a n o t s o m uc h by r ea s o n o f h i s p a rt i
'

c ip a t io n s i n t h es e hi s t o ri c ev en t s a s fo r t h e n umbe r o f
,

a ddi t i o n s t o t he a me n i t i es o f t h e c i t y o f w hi c h h e is t h e

a ut h o r . He w a s t h e fo un d er o f t he Z o o l og i c a l G a rd en s a t
Alip o re a n d t h ei r i n a ug ur a t i o n w a s o ne o f t he ma n y f un c
,

t i o n s un d er t a k en by Ki ng E d w a rd d uri n h i i i t T h
g s v s e .
234 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

w t i h t h es e ex c epti o n s t h e loc a l a d mi n i s t ra t i o n o f C a lc utt a

,

r ema i n ed s ubs t a n t i al ly un a l t ered fo r t he n ex t q ua rt e r of

a ce n t ury Th e C o mm i s s i o n er s
. in t h ei r r ev i ew o f t he
,

w o rk d o n e by t h e m d uri n g t h e tw el v e yea r s f ro m 1 87 6 t o

1 888 c l a i med t o h a v e c o mpl et ed t he W h o l e o f t h e o ri g i n a l

,

dr a i n a ge s c h eme t o h a v e d o ubl ed t he s upply o f w a t er

, ,

t o h a v e fi ll ed u 240 fo ul t a n k s a n d o pen ed o ut fi v e n ew
p
s q ua r es a n d t o h a v e t a ke n l a r e c o n s e rv a n c y w o rk s i
,
g n

h a n d The t ra mw a y s erv i c e w hi c h h a s s ubs t i t ut ed el ec

.
,

t ri c fo r h o r s e t r a c t i o n d uri n t h l s t f w y r w s
g e a e ea s a ,

i n a ug ur a t ed in 1 880 w i t h a li ne be t w een S ea ld a h a n d H a re
S t ree t r un n i n g t hr o ug h B o w B a z a r L a ll Ba z a r a n d D a l
,

h o us i e S q ua r e The M a y o N a t i v e H o s pi t a l w hi c h h a d
.
,

s i n c e 1 7 98 s t o o d o n t he o p en a n d a iry ro a d o f D h ur
”
rum t o ll a h w a s t r a n s fe rr ed t o i t s pr es e n t s i t e o n S t r a n d
,

R o a d N o r t h i n j o ra ba g a n a n d en l a rg ed a n d re n a me d a s
,
-

a me mo ri a l o f t he murd er ed V i c e r o y I n C o loo t o lla h

.
,

a l a r e bus t e e w a s c l ea r ed a w a y t o g i v e pl a c e t o t h e E d en
g
H o s pi t a l : a n d i n C o li n ga h D un c a n s bus t ee i n “ b od
,
’

S t r eet ma d e w a y fo r t he S ur v ey o r Gen er a l s O ffi c e
’
-
.

B a rr a c kp o r e w a s s up p li ed fo r t he fi r s t t i me w i t h fi l t e r ed
w a t e r : C h i t po re R o a d w a s w id e ned : a n d n ea rly t w e n t y

ei g h t l a kh s o f r up ees w a s e x
pe n d ed upo n t h e o p e n i ng

o ut o f t h e rea t c e n t r a l t h o r o u h fa re f r o m Se al d a h R a il
g g
w a y S t a t i o n t o t he H o w r a h B rid e up o n w hi c h t h e n a me
g ,

o f H a rri s o n R o a d w a s bes t o w e d i n h o n o ur o f S i r H e n ry

H a rri s o n t h en Ch a i r ma n o f t he C o rp o r a t i o n a n d o n e o f
, ,

t h e be s t a n d mo s t e ne rg et i c C a l c ut t a h a s ev e r k n o w n .

D uri n g t h es e t w en t y fo ur -
y ea r s o f mun i c ip a l ex p a n s i o n ,

C a l c ut t a p a s s ed t hro ug h t he w hi rlp oo l o f a n o t h er p o li t i cal

 T HE LA ST FO R T Y Y E AR S .

r
c o n t o ve s r y . Thi s i s pl a ce in w hi c h t o di s c us s t h e
not t he

r ig h t s a n d t he w ro n g s o f t h e a g i t a t i o n a ro us ed i n 1 882 by
t h e pro po s a l o f L o rd R ip o n w h o h a d s uc ceede d Lo rd
,

Ly t t o n a s V i c er o y t hree y ea r s ea rli er t o a men d t h a t p o r ,

t i o n o f t he C ri m i n a l Pr oc ed ur e C o de w hi c h c o n fi n ed t h e

o ffi c e o f J us t i c e o f t h e P e a c e o ut s id e t h e Pr es id en c y To w n s

t o E uro p ea n B ri t i s h s ubj ec t s Th e s ugg es t i o n ema n a t ed

.

s h o rt ly be f o r e t he c o n c l us i o n o f h is t e r m o f o ffi ce a s Li eu

t e n a n t G o v er n o r
-
fr o m S ir As hl ey E d en w ho ha d t a k en
, ,

o v e r c h a rg e o f B e n a l fro m S ir R i c h a rd Templ e i n J a n
g
ua ry 1 87 7 ; a nd i n t he S t a tem e n t o f O bjec t s a n d R ea so n s
,

t h e a n o ma ly w a s a l so po i n t ed o ut by M r I l be r t t he La w .
,

M em ber o f a d mi t t i n g n a t i v es o f I n di a t o t h e C o v en a n t ed
,

Ci v il Se r v i c e a n d per mi t t i n g t h em t o d i s c h a rge t he
,

hig he s t j udi c i a l d ut i es in t h e Hi g h C o ur t a n d el s ew he re ,

w h il e res t ric t i n t h i r j uri s di t i o ve r E uro p ea n B ri t i s h

g e c n o

s ubj e c t s o ut s id e t h e Pr es ide n c y To w n s o f C a l c ut t a M a d ra s ,

a n d B o mba y The B ill w hi ch s o ug h t t o effec t t h e c h a n ge

.
,

w a s g ree t ed h o w ev er w i t h t he fi erc es t o pp o s i t i o n o n t h e
, ,

pa rt o f t he A n g l o I n d ia n c o m mun i t y S o me id ea o f t he
-
.

ferm e n t a n d t he t urmo il w hi c h a n un po p ul a r mea s ur e c a n

c rea t e i n C a l c ut t a h a s l a t ely be en a ffo rd ed b t h i t t i
y e a g a o n

ag a i n s t t he p a r t i t i o n o f B e n a l
g B ut t he c a m
. p a i g n a g a i n s t

t he l lbe rt B ill a s i t c a me t o be c a ll e d
, p o s s es s ed t hi s ,

i mpo rt a n t di ff eren c e t h a t it fo un d it s gen e ra l in S ir R i ver s

Th o mp s o n t h e n ew ly a pp o i n t ed L ieute n a n t G o v ern o r o f
,
a

Beng a l a n d i t s li eut en a n t s i n t he mo s t i n fl uen t i a l men in

,

t he l eg a l a n d c o mmer c ia l w o rld o f t he c it v N o a t te mp t .

w ill h ere be ma d e t o r a k e u o ld a n i mo s i t i es o r t o s t i r u
p p
the s mo uld eri n g embe rs o f r a ce f eeli n T h w h h v
g o s e o a e
-
.

a n i n c li n a t i o n t o r um ma e i n t he mo uldy r ec o rd s o f t h e
g
2 36 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

pa s t w ill fi nd t h a t M r B uc kl an d ha s i n h is a n n a l s o f
.

Ben ga l un d er t he Li eut en a nt G ov ern o r s a n t i c i p a t ed

-

t h ei r ev ery w i s h fo r he ha s repro d uc ed i n ex t en s om i n ut es
a n d s p eec h es , i n fla m ma t o ry a n d o t h erw i se a n d h a s no t ,

f o rgo t t en t o rel a t e h o w t he V i c ero y w a s p er s o n a l l y i n

s ult ed a t t he g a t e O f Go v er n men t H o us e a n d t h r e a t en ed

e v en w i t h fo r c i bl e d ep o rt a t i o n It w ill s ufli c e t o rec o rd

.

t h a t t he ba t t l e en d ed in a co mp r o mi s e s ec ur ed m a in l y ,

t hr o ug h t he e ff o r t s o f S i r G riffi t h E v a n s a d i s t i n g ui s h ed ,

a d v oc a t e O f t he C a l c ut t a H i h C o urt : a n d t h a t t h e m o s t
g
a bidi n
g a, l t ho ug ph e rh a p s t he m o s t un l oo k ed f o r r e s u l t o f ,

t h e a g i t a t i o n h a s been t he fo r ma ti o n O f t he I n di a n N a t i o n a l

C o n g r es s w h i c h me et s yea rly a t v a ri o us pr ov i n c i a l c a p i t a l s
i n t he c a p a c i t y o f a n o rg a n i s ed a n d c ry s t a lli z ed bo d y o f
n a t i v e p ub li c o pi n i o n .

W e ma y pa s s mo re r a pidly o v er t h e ev en t s o f t he s uc
e eed in g y ea r s .I n 1 890 t h e l a t e Pri n c e A l be r t \ 1 c t o r
,

v i s i t ed C a l c ut t a d uri n g t he V i c ero y a lty o f Lo rd L a n s

d o w n e a n d t he Li e ut en a n t G o v er n o rs hip O f S ir S t e ua rt
-

B a yl ey : a n d lik e h i s f a t h e r l a n d ed a c c o rdi n g t o e s t a b
, , ,

l is h ed prec ed en t a t P ri n s ep s G h a t A y ea r l a t er C a l
’
.
,

c ut t a h a d t he h o n o ur o f w el c o mi n t he p r es ent C za r O f
g
R us s i a. Th e o p en i n g o f t h e K iddierpo re D oc k s a n d t h e
c o mpl et i o n o f t h e s eri es O f s t a t ely G o v er n me n t O fli ce s

w hi c h a re s o c o n s pi c uo us a fea t ure o f t he E uro p ea n

q u a r t er r
,
e m a i n s a s e v id en c es o f t he v i o ro us r ul e o f Si r
g
C h a rl es E ll i o t t Th e Li eut en a n t G o v er n o r s hi p o f S i r
.
-

Al e x a n d er M a c ken z i e w h o g o v er n ed B en g a l fr o m 1 895
,

t o 1 898 w a s ma rk ed by t h e o ut brea k o f pl a g ue i n B o mb a y
,

i n 1 896 t h e g r ea t f a m i n e o f 1 898 a n d t h e di s a s t ro us ea rt h
, ,
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

h o us e at Alip o re as a S t a t e g ues t h o us e ,
-
a nd t he c o n c ep

t ion O f the s now -

w hi t e f a b ri c o f t he V i c t o ri a M e mo rial
Ha ll w hi c h w ill be fo re l o ng s uppl a n t t he un s i g h t ly J a il
,

buildi ng o n t h e s o ut h er n e x t remi t y o f t he M a id a n — t h ese

a re ma rk s o f i n t eres t a n d a ppr ec i a t i o n w hi c h t he c i t i z e n s o f

t he I m peri a l c a pi ta l o f B ri t i s h I n di a h a v e n o t bee n s l o w t o

a c k n o w l ed g e . B ut w he r e l a rg e r q ue s t i on s a re a t i s s ue
, ,

t he p ubli c d ema n d s t i me fo r r e fl ec t i o n . It i s a l w a y s a t rifle

fo rc ed a n d o f t en a t ri fle d efia n t t o a t temp t t o a n t i c i pa t e
t he v e rdi c t o f p o s t eri t y r eg a rdi n g t he men a n d mea s ures

o f y es t erd a y . Th e g i g a n t i c C a l c utt a I mpro v eme n t S c h e me

w hi c h l oo ms in t he i m medi a t e f ut ur e ,
h a s n o t p a s sed
bey o n d t h e p a l e o f c o n t ro v er s y a n d i t h a s ye t t o j us t ifv
,

t h e w el c o me w hi c h i s O ffi c i a lly d ema n d ed o n i t s b e h a l f .

W e m us t c o n t en t o ur s elv es i n a fi n a l c h a p t er w i t h an
e ff o rt t o d epi c t fo r t h e be n efi t o f t h e
g en e r a t i o n s t o c o m e

w hi c h w ill p a s s j ud men t upo n us w h o a n d w h a t m a n n er

g ,

o f men w e a re t h a t c l a i m t o be c i t i z en s o f n o mea n c i t y

a n d i n h eri t o r s O f th e l a bo ur s o f Ch a r n oc k a n d H o l w e l l a n d

C li ve a n d H a s t i ngs .
 CH AP TE R XV I .

C l T IZ EN S O F N O M E A N C I TY .

TA K E vou r ma p o f I n di a a n d fi nd if yo u c a n a mo re
, , ,

un i n v i t i n g s p o t t h a n C a l c ut t a . Pl a c ed i n t he burn i n g
l a i O f B e nga l o n t he l a rg es t d el t a o f t he w o rld a mid s t
p n , ,

a n et w o rk o f s l ugg i s h ,
muddy s t rea ms i n t h e nei g h bo ur
,

h oo d O f t he j un g l es a n d ma r s h es o f t he S un de rbun d s a n d ,

t di t a n t fr o m t he O pe n se a a s t o m i s s t h e ben efi t s
y e s o s

o f t he b r eez e w hi c h c o n s o les M a d r a s fo r t he w a n t o f a
—
.

c o ld s ea s o n a n d a p er m a e t
n n S e t t m
le e n t i t un i t es every
c o n di t i o n o f a perf ec t ly un h ea l t hy s i t ua t i o n Th e pl a c e is
.

s o b a d by n a t ur e ; t h a t h uma n e ff o r t s c o uld d o li t t l e t o

ma k e it w o r s e : but t h a t li t t l e ha s been d o n e fa i t hf ully a n d

”
a s s id uo us ly . S uc h w a s t h e un fl a t t eri n g pi c t ur e O f t he
c a pi t a l o f B ri t i s h I n di a dr a w n by S i r G eo r e Tr ev ely a n i n
g
d a y s g o n e by . B ut fo rt y t w o y ea r s h a v e el a p s ed s i n c e t h e
-

w o rd s w e re w ri t t en a nd i t ma y be s a id w i t h o ut a n b a s t
y o

i ng t h a t t h e C a l c ut t a o f 1 905 i s a muc h bet t er pl a c e t o li v e

i n t h a n t he C a l c ut t a o f 1 863 s eems t o h a v e been It i s.

t o be fea red t h a t t he h um id a n d en e rv a t i n li m te ha s
g c a

rema i n ed t he s a me a n d n o t ev en t h e mo s t en t h us i a s t i c
,

a d m i r e r O f t h e Ci t y o f P a l a c es c a n oo n s c ien t io us l i
'

y g v e i t
un a ll o y ed pr a i s e up o n t h a t s c o r e . But in a ll el s e i n ,

hea l t hi n es s i n o ut w a rd be a ut y i n t he a men i t i es O f c i v ili

, ,

z a ti o n t h er e h a s been a ma rk ed i mpr o v emen t : a

, n d the

E n g li s h ma n w ho is c o n d emn ed b f t e t o dw ell i n th e
y a

E a s t w i l l o n t he w h o l e fi n d i t h a rd t o di s c o ver pl ea s a n t r
,
e

q u a r t er s th a n C a l c ut t a w ill pro v id e him .

 CA CL U TTA O LD A N D N E W .

In C a l c ut t a ma y n ot be t he metro po li s O f th e
’

o n e s en s e

E mpire . She c a n n o t c l a i m t o be t he ea rli es t p o s s es s i o n

o f t h e E n g li s h i n I n di a : n o r h a s s h e i n h eri t ed a n f t h
y O e

tr a di t i o n s th a t li nger a ro un d t he a udi en c e— c ha m be rs of

t h e g r ea t M og ul B ut fo r a c en t ury a n d a h a lf s h e h as
.

been t h e c en t r a l s ea t o f t he E n gli s h G o ver n men t Ci rc um

.

s t a n c es h a v e ma d e h er t he i v o t o f t h e a d m i n i s tr a t i o n and
p ,

it c a n n ot be d en i ed th a t s he i s n o bly s y mbo li c a l O f h er hig h

po s i t i o n Th er e a re o th er c i t i es in I n di a w i t h ma g n i fi
.

c en t a s s oc i a t i o n s D elhi w i t h he r i mpe ri a l memo ri es a n d

. .

Ag ra w i t h h er ma j es ti c mo n umen t s ma y v a un t a bea ut y
,

a n d a g r a n d eur t o w hi c h t h e s mo ky a n d s t ea my c i t y by t h e

ba n k s O f t he H oo g hly ca n n ev er a s p i re . The sp l en di d a r
c h it ec t ure o f B o m ba y a n d t h e g reen a n d w hi t e f r es h n es s o f

—
M a dr as t h a t c i t y O f hi s t o ri c ren o w n a n d O f di s t a nc es
,

ma y be h el d by t h o s e w h o w ill t o c o n s t i t ut e th ei r ow n p ec u
li a r c h a r m It ma y ev en be t h a t C a lc utt a is d es ti n ed a s t he
.
,

o ut c o me O f L o rd C urz o n s i ns i s t en c e upo n t h e di v i s i o n o f
’

B en g a l t o be s h o r n O f he r c o m me rc i a l c r o w n by t h e s upe
,

ri o r n a t ur a l a d v a n t a g es o f Chi t t ag o n g Th e t i me ma y
.

p erh a p s c o me w h en t h e res t o ra t i o n o f t he O ld w o rld g lo -

ri es o f D a c c a w ill h a v e ro bbed her o f a po rti o n o f t he

p o li t i c a l pres t i ge s he en j o y s a s t he foc us o f ed uc a t ed
I n di a n O pi n i o n R i v a l s s h e ha s in pl e n t y but o n e a n d a ll
.
,

a mo n g t h em l a c k t h a t w hi c h i s p o s s es s ed by t he c ity set

a mo n g t h e ma r s h es t he urbs in t er pa ludes o f o ld J o b
,

Ch a r n o c k .

Th ere is ryth i n g in C a l c utt a t o r emi n d h er c i tiz en s

eve

a nd t o i mpr es s up o n t he s t r a n ger w i t hi n h er ga t es t h a t

s he h —
is t he c a pi t a l o f t e B ri t i s h R a j W elles ley s s t a t ely
’
242 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

moo d is h er s w e h n s h e l i es s l ee pi n g in t h e w hit e en c h a n t

men t Of t he I n di a n moo n li gh t w hi c h t ur n s h er s tuc c o to

,

rubi es her,
pl a s te r t o p ea rl s a nd p o ur s o ut it s fl o o d o f
,

s i l v er up o n he r d a rk w a t er s .

B ut C l
a c u t t a i s w i t h a l a Q ue en o f t w o f a c e s : a c i t y o f

s t a r t l i n g c o n t r a s t s o f
,
p a l a c es a n d h o v el s O f pr o g
, re s s a n d
rea c t i o n o f ro y al g r a n d eur a n d o f s q ua l o r t h a t begg a rs
,

de s c rip t i o n C a p t a i n s o f s hip s a t a n c ho r i n t he H o o g hly

.

n o l o n g er ( it is t rue) s en d o n e o f t h ei r c rew ev e ry m o r n i n g

t o r emo v e d ea d bo di es fr o m t h e c a bl es Th e a dj ut a n t b i rd
.

n o mo r e p a t ro l s o ur s t ree t s a n d h a un t s o ur r o o f s Th e .

o d w ill o f a r a i n y s ea s o n h a s c ea s ed t o be w o rt h h al f a
g o

l a k h o f r up ee s t o a n un d er t a k er N a k ed f a q uir s h a v e g i v e n
.

O v er p a r a di n g t h es t reet s o f C a l c ut t a ; n o r ma y h uma n s a c
‘

ri fi c es be w i t n es s ed a t K a l ig h a t B ut t h e el ec t ri c t r a m c a r
.

r umbl es a l o n g O ld C o ur t H o us e S t re et s id e by s id e w i t h - -

t he r a ms h a c kl e a n t edil uv i a n un s pea k a bl e t i c ca g h a r ry .

Ten m i n ut es w a l k fro m D a lh o us i e S q ua re w ill l a n d t h e

’

s ee k e r a ft er s en s a t i o n i n a l a b yr i n t h O f n a rr o w un a v e d
p
w i n di n g l a n es p o ll ut ed w ith o d o ur s t h a t p ut t h o s e O f
,

C o l o gn e t o s h a me a n d s w a rmi n g w i t h h uma n i t y w h e re ,

t h e s c a v en g i n g c a r t s a re t h e r a r es t o f v i s i t o r s a n d t h e

g h o s t ly g li m m e r o f a n o cc a s i o n a l a n d i n a d e q ua t e
g a s

la mp f ur n i s h es t he s o li t a ry ill umi n a t i on N o t a t h o us a n d
.

y a rd s fro m Go v er n men t H o us e t roo p s o f j a c k a ls ma y ,

be h ea rd a ft e r s un s et s w eepi n g thr o ug h t he d es e rt ed
s t r ee t s a n d ma ki n g n i g h t h id eo us w i t h t h ei r f ea r s o m e

ho w l s .

O t h er iti es hid e t h eir r a g s

c a nd t a t t er s : w hy d oes Ca l
c utt a fl a un t h ers un a ba s hed ? Let us be j us t , a n d rec og
 C ITI Z E N S O F N O M E AN 243

i
n se th a t s he is s ti ll s ta n di n g a t t he p a rti n g o f t he w a ys .

Sh e i s t he c ea t o n O f
r i th e W es t . Th e id ea l s a n d th e c i v i

liz a t i o n of t he W es t l uri n g h er o n : a n d
a re t he s p iri t o f

a d v a nc emen t is a bro a d Th er e a re t h o s e a mo n g her

.

I n d i a n c i t i z en s w ho in po i n t O f i n tell ec t ua l c ul t ure c a n
h o l d t h ei r o w n w i t h a n y E n g li s h ma n N o t l ea s t a mo n g .

t he ma rv ell o us c h a n ges w r o ug h t i n I n di a d uri n g t he s i x t y

y ea r s o f Q ueen V i c t o ri a s reig n ha s been t h e s pr ea d o f

’

E n g li s h ed uc a t i o n But the E a s t is t he E a s t a n d t he
.
,

W es t is t he W es t The prej udi c es a n d t he c us t o ms o f a

.

relig i o n w hi c h i s h a lf a s O ld a s ti me a re n o t t o be dis
c a rd ed i n t h e tw i n kli ng o f a n ey e The ma rv el in C a l c ut t a
.

is n o t w h a t rema i n s t o be d o n e but w h a t h a s been do n e , .

Th e O ri en t a l is l ei s ur ely a n d ma y n o t be h urri ed a n d t he
A n g l o I n di a n i s s o a c c us to med t o l o o k up o n C a l c ut t a a s a n
-

E ur o pea n c i ty t h a t he i s a p t t o f o rge t t h a t s he is s et a mo n g
t h e t r o pi c s a n d t h a t th e E ur o p ea n is t h e meres t dr o p i n t h e

oc ea n O f h er i n h a b i t a n t s .

An a ir o f my s t ery l o n g h un g r
q ues t i o n o f t he
ove t he

o
p p u l a ti o n o f C a l c ut t a Th e re h a v e been rep ea t ed en u
.

me ra t i o n s but t he ex tra o rdi n a ry di s c rep a n c i es a n d fl uc

,

t ua t i o n s w hi c h t h ey rev ea l h a v e i n v es t ed w ith un c e r t a i n ty

th e s o l ut i o n o f a pr o bl em th a t s h o uld be o f t he s i m pl es t .

Th e d i ffi c ul t y h a s been ma i n ly c a us ed by t he feti s h w hi c h
s uc ceedi n g g ene r a t i o n s h a v e c h o s en t o ma k e o f Ho l w el l s
’

so c a l l ed
- c en s us o f 1 752 In h is c a p a c ity a s Z em i n d a r
.

he c o mp uted t h e a re a s un d e r h i s j uri s di c ti o n a n d a g r ee ,

a bly t o h i s ex a c t es t j ud gemen t a rri v ed a t t he c o n c l us i o n

tha t t h ey s h el t er ed c o n s t a n t i n h a b it a n t s w it h

out r ec k o n i n g t he multi t ud e t h a t d a i ly c o me in a n d t e
”
t urn but v et a dd t o t he c o n s ump t i o n o f t he pl a c e Hi s .
244 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

l l i
ca c u a t on s h a ve been c a r efully c h ec k ed a n d up o n his ,

”
o w n es ti m a t e o f ei g ht p e rs o n s t o w h a t h e t er m s a
“
h o us e ,

it h a s been s h o w n t h a t t h e fi g ur e a g reea bly t o t h e best

,

i n fo r ma t i o n he h a d a c q ui red s h o uld s t a nd a t ,
for
t he a c r es a n d h o us es w hi c h t h e n c o m

pri s ed t he S et t l emen t W e ma y be c o n t en t to m o d e ra t e
.

Ho l e w
’
ll s i n fl a t ed es t i ma t e a c c o rdi n g ly i g n o ri
,
n g t h e fa n

t l i u e s s es w i t h w hi c h i t i n s pi r ed G r a n dpr e a n d Sir
a s c g
E d w a rd Hyd e E a s t a n d p a s s i ng o v e r th e l a t e r efl o rt s a t
'

a c c ura t e en umer a t i o n w hi c h i t s t ill did i t s bes t t o m y s t i fy .

Th e c o n t ra s t w ill n o t s uff er F o r t he pres en t a r ea o f

.

C a l c ut t a pro pe r by w hi c h is i n t en d ed t he t w en t y fi v e m un i
,
-

c ip a l w a rd s ,
t he F o r t a n d t he w a t er t r a c t c o v e r e d by

t he P o r t a n d t he C a n a l s i s s t a t ut e a c r es a c c o rd i n
, , g
to t he c en s us o f 1 901 a n d i t s p o p ul a t i o n c o n s i s t s o f
,

s o ul s o f w h o m
,
a re mal es a n d fema l e s Its .

bo un d a ry o n t h e n o r t h a n d ea s t is t h e c i rc ul a r c a n a l ,

w hi c h s ep a r a t es i t fr o m t he s ubur ba n m un i c ip a li t i e s o f

C o s s ip o re C h i t po re a n d M a n ic kt o lla h L o w e r d o w n o n
-
.

t he ea s t i t m a rc h es w i t h t he di s t ri c t o f t he Tw e n t y fo ur -

Pe rg un n a h s i t s mo s t ea s t erly w a rd s bei n g Ba ll y g un g e
,

a n d To lly g un g e . Th e s o ut h e r n bo un d a ry is s uppl i e d by
t h e G a rd e n R ea c h M un i c ip a li t y : a n d o n t he w e s t t he ri v e r

H o o g hly fl o w s a l o n g it s en t i r e l en g t h I f t h es e t h ree
.

m i n o r mun i c ip a li t i es w hi c h a re a l l t h a t w a s l eft O f th e
,

S uburba n M un i c ip a li t y
“
o ld by t he Ac t o f 1 888 a n d ,

a re , s t ri c t ly s p ea ki n g o ut s id e t h e t o w n
, a re i n c l ud ed
,

w i t hi n t he li mi t s o f C a l c ut t a a n a ddi t i o n O f
, t o th e
po p ul a t i o n mus t be ma d e a n d t he fi n a l n umber s w ill t h en
,

s ta nd a t p er s o n s o f w h o m , a re ma l es a n d »

fe ma l es.
246 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t hos e na med , h a v e mo re t h a n a dh e r en t s . Th e B ud
d his t s ( ma i n ly Chi n a me n a n d M ug h s f ro m
B ur ma n s ,
C hi t t a g o n g ) c l a i m t h e J ew s ( o f w h o m t h e bes t

fa mili es c o me fro m B a gd a d ) t he B ra h mo s or

Hi n d o o Pro t es t a n t s , a n d t he J a i n s w h o a re ,

c hi efly me r c h a n t s ,
The o n ly o t h er s d es e rv i n g o f
men t i o n a re t h e P a r s ees t h e C o n fuc i a n s w ho a re p ri n c i
, ,

p a lly t h e Chi n e s e bo o t ma k er s c a rp en t er s a n d c a b i n et
,

ma k e r s o f Be n t i n c k S t ree t a n d t h e S i k h s w ho a re m o s tl v
, ,

d ur wa n s a n d e m pl o y és O f t h e e l ec t ri c s upply c o m p a n i es .

B ut t h ey c o n t ri but e t h e me res t h a n df ul a c c o un t i n fo r
g ,

290 1 78 a n d 1 53 pe r s o n s r es p ec t i v ely
, , .

I n t h e m a t t er d uc a t i o n t h e C en s us o f 1 901 d i s c l o ses
of e ,

t h a t le s s t h a n o n e fo ur t h o f t h e t o t a l p o p ul a t i o n o f C a l c utt a
-

a n d s ubur bs a re a bl e t o r ea d a n d w ri t e B ut a mo n g t h o s e .

re t ur n e d a s illi t e r a t e m a n y a re o f c o ur s e c hildre n : a n d
, , ,

t h e n um ber o f li t er a t e p er s o n s a bo v e 20 w hi c h is ,

fo rms a s a m a t t e r o f fa c t a li t t l e mo r e t h a n 70 p er c en t
, ,
.

o f t h e t o t a l li t e r a t e p o p ul a t i o n Th e perc en t a g e o f l i t e r
.

a t es i s h igh es t a s m i gh t be ex p ec t ed
,
a mo n g Chri s ti a n s , ,

bo th ma l e a n d f ema l e a n d l o w es t a mo n g M a h omed a n s
,
.

W i t h rega rd t o k n o w l ed g e o f E n g li s h t he p erc en t a g e ,

a mo n g Hi n d o o s is 1 4 a mo n g P a r s ees 68 a n d a mo n g
, ,

M us s ul ma n s o n ly a bo ut 24 Th er e a re fi ft y s ev e n l a n .
-

u k i C l c ut t a 4 1 o f w hi c h a re A s i a tic a nd 1 6
g a g e s s
po e n n a ,

n o n As i a t i c
-
.The mo th er t o n g ue h o w ev er o f t he g rea t er
-
, ,

po r t i o n o f t he p o p ul a t i o n is ei t h er B en ga lee o r Hi n d us t a n i ,

w hi c h a bs o rb bet w een t h em 80 per c en t The t h r ee .

la n g ua g es c o mi n g n ex t i n o rd er a re O o riy a E n g li s h a n d , ,

U rd u .
 Z
C IT I E N S O F N O M E AN C ITY .

Ac c o rdi n g t o t h e ret urn s ,

t he nu mber of ma rri ed men in
t he c t i y a mo un t s to t o t a l o f ma rri ed
B ut t h e
w o men is o n ly a n d it w o uld a pp ea r t h e re f o re th a t

t h e r e a re n o l es s t h a n h us ba n d s li v i n g in C a l c utt a
w i t h o ut t h ei r w i v es Thi s h ig h pro po rti o n o f ma l es t o
.

f e ma l es is n o n ov el el eme n t a mon g t he di s t i n c ti ve fea t ures

p r es en t ed by t h e po p ul a ti o n o f C a l c ut t a Th ere ha s .

be e n it is t rue a l a rge i n c r ea s e in t hes e d a y s o f r a pid a n d

, , ,

co m f o rt a bl e t r a n s it in t h e n umber o f E n gli s h w o men w ho

,

t a k e up t h eir res id en c e i n I n di a : a n d i t is n o l o n ge r tr ue

t o a s s ert th a t t he E uro pea n w o men t o be f o un d i n B eng a l

a n d i t s d ep en d en c i es c a n n o t a mo un t t o t w o h un d r ed a n d

fi f t y w hil e t h e E ur o p ea n ma l e i n h a bi t a n t s o f r es p ec t a bility
, ,

i n c l ud i n g milit a ry O fli c ers ma y be t a k en a t a bo ut four

,

”
t h o us a n d B ut t he fl uc t ua ti o n s o f t he E n g li s h p o p ul a t i on
.

p a s s un n o t i c ed in C a l c ut t a The rea s o n fo r t he di s p a rity

.

o f t h e s ex es mus t be s o ug h t i n t h e h a b i t s a n d c us t o m s of

t he p eo pl e o f t he c o un t ry Th e p oo rer c l as s es W h o m t he
.

i n d uc emen t o f hi gh w a ges a tt r a c t s t o t he c i t y r a rely bri ng ,

t h e i r w o men w i t h t h em a n d t h e c o s t o f li v i n g a n d es p e ,

c ia l l y o f a c c o mmod a ti o n i s s o hi g h t h a t n ec es s i t y c o mbi n es
,

w i t h pr ej udi c e t o c ur t a il v ery l a r ely t he ex i s t en c e o f a n

g y
t hi n g o f t he n a t ur e o f f a mily lif e a mo n t h m
g e .

Th e q ues t i o n O f oc c up a t i o n is o n e o f c o n s id era bl e in
t eres t N ea rly t he en t i re n o n a g ri c ul t ur a l l a bo uri n p c p u
-
g
.

l a t i o n a re eith er H i n d oo s o r M a ho meda n s As r eg a rd s .

t h e fo r mer i t i s w ell k n o w n t h a t ea c h O f t he n ume ro us

,
-

ca s t es i n t o w hi c h t h ey a re s ep a r a t ed h a v e a t r a di t i o n a l

oc c up a t i o n o r pr o f es s i o n a s s i n ed t o t h em It w uld be
g o .

us el es s h o w ev er t o a t t emp t t o c l a s s ify a ft er a n v ri g id
, ,
 248 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

s y s t em t he occ up a ti o n s of the mod er n Hi n d oo w o rld by

t he t t o w hi c h t h ey bel o n g
c a s es C a s te a voc a t i o n s i t . ,

w i ll be fo un d upo n ex a m i na t i o n h a v e l a rg ely g i v en w a y i n ,

C a l c ut t a befo re t he w id er o ut l oo k a ffo rd ed by ed uc a t i o n .

Th er e a re D ep ut y M a g i s t r a t es o f t h e ba rber c a s te a n d
B r a h ma n s w ho do n o t s hri n k fro m t he c on t a m i n a t i o n o f
a bo n e mill -
The p ro f es s i o n o f t he la w is a l mo s t en t i r ely
.

a bs o r be d by t he hi g h e r c a s te s but S a dg o p s w h os e t r a di
, ,

t io n a l oc c up a t i o n i s c ul t i v a t i o n a re t o be met ,
w i t h in

pr o fes s o ri a l c h a ir s a n d S un ris o r w i n e s ell e r s in t h e

, ,
-
,

po s t a l a n d t el eg r a ph d ep a rt men t s S t ill t he gene r a l O b s e r .

,

v a t i o n is s ubj ec t t o t he q ua li fic a t i o n t ha t t he l o w e r c a s t es

h a v e n o t ema n c i pa t ed t h ems el v es a s c o mpl ete ly a s t he

hi g h er The ma s s o f D ho ba s s t ill w a s h c l o t h es a l t h o ug h
“

.
,

o n e fo ur t h o f t h em h a v e a d o p t ed o t h er p ur s ui t s
-
a n d s o me ,

h a v e ma d e th eir w a y i n t o G ov ern men t s erv i c e T he .

Ch a t ri o r s o ldi er c a s t e s uppli es mos t rec r ui t s t o t h e po l i ce ,

a n d ma n y a re d urw a n s o r d o o rk eep er s The M a l o i s .

us ua lly a bo a t ma n lik e h is a n c es t o r S O t oo t he D o me .
, ,

a n d t he H a ri w ho a re a mo n t h m t d r d d l
, g e o s e g a e c a ss e s ,

a re em pl o y ed pri n c ip a lly i n t h e s c a ven i n u p t i Of

g g o c c a o n s

t h eir c a s t e B ut t w o fi ft hs o n ly o f t he K a ba rs c a rry p a l a n
.
-

q u i n s w hi c h b e it n o t,e d a r e bei n g f a s t el bo w ed o ut o f
,

e x i s t en c e in C a l c utt a b
y t h e e l ec t ri c tr a m a n d t h e t hi rd
c l a s s h a c k n ey c a rri a g e B en g a lee M ooc hees s t ill ma k e
-
.

b oo t s a n d s h o es but B eh a ri Ch a ma r s o r l ea th er s ell e r s a re -

beg i n n i n g t o t a k e t o o t h er Oc c up a ti o n s
-
Th e La lbeg i s .
,

o r di s c ipl es o f L a l B e
g t h e G o d o f t h e
, B r o o m a re b y n o ,

mea n s a ll s w eep er s K a iburt a s (c ulti v a t o r s ) Ta n ti s (w ea

.
,

v er s
) a n d, T e li s ( O il s ell er s ) h a v e v ery l a r ely
-
g g i v en u p
t h eir t r a di t i o n a l c a lli n g s S uba rn a ba rn ic k s ( g o ld s mi t h s )
.
-
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

men di n g of q uill s fo r t he bi n di n g of boo k s . Th e y c o n t ri

but e l
a so 32 p e rt o f t h e gen er a l l a bo ure rs : b ut t h e y
c en .

s eem t o di s li k e s h o p k ee pi n g e x c ep t i n t h e m a t t e r o f
-
,

ma ki n g a n d s elli n g g l a s s a n d Chi n a w a re a n d a re a v e r s e ,

t o t h e v e n di n g o f v eg et a bl e fo od H o us eh o ld ers w ill .

p e rh a p s l ea r n w i t h s urpri s e t h a t t h ey do n o t e n j o y t h e
mo n o p o ly o f d o me s t i c s erv i c e in E uro pea n a n d o t h er
Chri s t i a n fa mili es Th ey a re a s o f O ld t he t a bl e s erv a n ts
.
, ,
-
,

but M a dr a s i s a n d lo w c a s t e H i n d oo s a re s uppl a n t i n g t h em
-

a s c o o k s t o a c o n s id e r a bl e ex t en t O o riy a s c a n n o l o n g e r
.

ea r n a mo n o t o n o us li v i n g a s p u n k h a p ull e r s i n a c i t-
y
w h ere el ec t ri c f an s h a v e p a s s ed i n t o t h e ca t eg o ry o f o rdi

n a ry A n l o I n di a n c e s ri es : b u t t h ey r t i l l fi r t
g n e s a a e s s
-

fa v o uri t es a s g a rd en er s a n d h o us e s er v a n t s t h eir fa m ili a r -

,

a pp ell a t i o n o f bea r e r s h o w i n
g c l e a rly e n o ug h t h e m a n n er

i n w hi c h t h e g oo d g r a c es o f t he s a hi b w er e w o n i n d a y s ,

w h en p a lk ees w e r e a n es s en t i a l a c c o mp a n i men t o f A n g l o

In di a n life a n d n o n e but t he Go v er n o r Gen er a l a n d th e

,
-

s e n i o r me m ber o f C o un c il k ep t c a rri a g es .

A mo n g t h e ma n y co mmun i t i es t ha t i n h a bi t C a l c ut t a , t he

mo s t p o w er ful a nd i n fl uen t i a l i s , un q ues t i o n a bly , t he E ur o

p ea n co mmun i t y . In it s co mp o s i t i o n i t d o e s n ot d i ff er
es s en t a i lly fr o m t h a t o f o t h e r l a rge c i t i es ex c ep t i n g in t he ,

a l m o s t e n t ir e a b s e n c e o f t h e E u r o p e a n a r t i z a n w h o fo r m ,
s

so i m p o r t a n t a n e l e m e n t i n t h e p o p u l a t i o n O f E n g l i s h

tow n s . T h e fe w B ri t i s h m e c h a n i c s i n C a l c u t t a a r e n o t

a c t ua l l a bo ure r s i n t h ei r c r a f t s a t a ll but me rely s up er

,

i r
v so s of t h e w o rk w hi c
,
h i s a l m o s t e n t ir e ly p e rf o r m e d b y
i
n a t v es . i
The O ffi c a e e e l l m n t is v e ry s t r o n g by r ea so n
,
O f

t he pr es enc e o f bo t h h
t e S u pr e m e a n d L o c a l A d m i n i s t r a

i
t o n s b ut
,
L a w a n d M e di c i n e a n d o t h e r l e a r n e d pr o f e s s i o n s
 C ITI Z EN S OF N O M E AN C ITY .

a re w e ll repres en t ed O f M erc h a n t s t h ere is n o mi n a lly a

.
, ,

oo dly li s t ; but a l a rge pro p o r t i o n o f th em a re mo re p ro

g ,

p e rly s p e a ki n
g c
, o m m i s s i o n a g e n t s . T he T r a d es m e n fo r ,

ex t en t a n d v a rie ty o f s t o c k w ill c o mp a r e f a v o ur a bly w ith

,

t he s a me c l a s s a t h o m e a n d i f t h e pri c es s eem a t fi r s t s i ght

,

s o mew h a t s t a rt li n t o t h e n ew ly a rri v ed Lo n d o n e r it mus t

g
-
,

be re membe red t h a t t he r upee w i t h w hi c h p a y men t i s ma d e

ha s c o me t o Oc c upy muc h t h e s a me p o s i t i o n a s t h e s hilli n g
in E n g l a n d . S a t i ri s t s h a v e di v id ed t h e E n g l i s h i n I n di a
i n t o t he t hree g rea t c a s t es o f th e Hi n d o o s : t he r uli n g
c a s t e w ho lik e t he B r a h ma n s o f O ld res e r v e t o t h ems el v es
, ,

i n pe rp et ui t y a ll s i t ua t i o n s o f a uth o rity a n d emo l umen t

un d e r t h e S t a t e : t he milit a ry c a s t e w h o k eep a li v e t he
,

t r a di t i o n t h a t I n di a is h eld by t he s w o rd a n d t he ma s s o f

n o n O ffi c i a l s
-
w h o a s a r ul e a re t o o a bs o r bed i n th e i r p ro
, , ,

fes s i o n s a n d p ur s ui t s t o c o n c er n th ems el v es w i t h a ba t i n g
t he e x c l us i v e pr et e n s i o n s t o pl a c e a n d p o w e r O f t h e c i v ili a n

a n d t h e s o ldi er . Th e re i s n ev e r t h el es s a s tro n g bo dy o f
, ,

E ng li s h p ubli c o pi n i o n in C a l c ut t a w hi c h do es n o t fa il t o
ma k e i t s elf fel t w h en it c o n c ei v es it s i n t er es t s t o be a ff ec t
ed . Ti me w a s w h en a n umbe r o f brilli a n t a d v o c a t es o f t he
S upreme C o urt un d er t he l ea d ers hip o f men l ik e Lo n ue
, g
v ill e Cl a rk e a n d D i c k e ns c o n t r o ll ed a n d dir ec t ed t h e c ur
,

ren t o f feeli n g w hi c h freq uen t ly ra n in di r ec t o ppo s i t i o n t o

t he ma i n s trea m o f Go v er n me n t p o li c y The ma n t l e is
.

no w w o r n b
y t h e B e n g a l Ch a m b e r o f C o m m e rc e a n d t h e r,e

h a ve n o t been w a n t i n g memo ra bl e oc c a s i o n s d uri n g t he

l a s t t en y ea rs w h en t he V i c er o y ha s been c o mp ell ed t o
a ck no w l ed g e d ef ea t a t t h ei r h a n d s .

The t er m E ura s ia n w a s i n v en ted by t he M a rq ues s o f

Ha s ti ngs , a nd is n ow a ppli ed g en eric a lly t o t h e pr o g en y
 252 L U TTA N EW .
‘

CA C O LD AN D

o r d es cend a nt s O f E uro pea n fa t h er s a n d H i n d oo o r M a h o

m ed a n mo th er s . M a n y o f t h em bea r n a mes w hi c h o n c e
s t oo d hi h i n t he An l o I n di a n w o rld
g g
- T h ere a re n o t a
.

few w h o h a v e a t t a i ned a n d s t ill h o ld hi gh o ffi c i a l r a n k

, ,

a n d po s i t i o n s
.
o f t r us t i n me rc a n t il e a n d o t h e r O ffi c es .

B ut it is t o be reg r et t ed t h a t i n t h e ma j o rity o f c a s es t h e ir
O pp o r t un i t i es a n d it mus t be a dd ed t h ei r ene rgi es h a v e
, ,

pro ved i n s uffic i en t t o en a bl e t h e m t o c a r v e o ut fo r t h e m

s el v es a di s ti n ui s h ed o r a s uc c es s f ul c a ree r i n lif e
g .

A mo n g E ura s i a n s a re n o w r lly c l a s s ed t he K i n t a ls
g e n e a .

w ho a s a di s t i n c t a n d i n di v id ua l t ype a re fa s t di s a ppea ri ng
,

fro m a mo n g t he peo pl es o f C a l c ut t a Cl o s ely a lli ed a t t h e

.

pr es en t da y to t he n a t i v es in r a c e a n d p o s s es s i n g li tt l e t o
,

d i ff eren t i a t e t h em bey o n d t h ei r r eli g i o n a n d t h ei r n a m e s ,

t h ey a re n eve r t h el es s t h e d es c en d a n t s o f t h e P o r t ug ue s e .

t he fi r s t c o n q uer o r s o f I n di a w h o d uri n g t he s i x t een t h c e n

.
,

t ury h e ld t he a bs o l ut e mo n o p o ly o f t he t r a d e bet w een t h e

l
,

E a s t a n d t he W es t The P o r t ug ues e l a ng ua g e w a s o n c e
.

t he l i n g ua fra n c a o f C a l c ut t a a n d, C a pt a i n Al e x a n d er

H a m il t o n d ec l a res t h a t i t is t h e l a n g uag e t he E uro pe a n s

m us t l ea r n t o q ua lify th em s el v es fo r gener a l c o n v er s a t i o n
.

w i t h o n e a n o t h er ,
a s w e ll a s t h e di ff er en t i n h a bi t a n t s o f
”
I n di a . B ut t h o s e d a y s a re a l s o l o ng s i n c e p a s t a n d fe w
,

o f t h o s e w h o s pe a k o f c a s t e s a n d t o p ees a ya hs a n d a l m i
,

r a h s i ma gi n e t h a t t h ey a re e mpl o yi n g t he flo t s a m a n d
,

j et s a m o f t he un i ver s a l l a n g ua g e O f t w o cen t uri es a g o .

Th e hi s t o ry h a s n o t been di s s i mil a r O f t h e d e rel i c t

D eS o uz a s a n d D eC ruz es a n d D Al meida s O f C a lc ut t a In
’
.

o ri g i n t he K i n t a ls a re t he O ff s pri n O f t h o s P o rt ug ues e
g e

s o ldi er s w h o es t a bli s h ed t h e fi r s t E ur o p ea n s et t l em en t i n
2 54 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

i ng th em l
c ose ly , h a v e fo rg o t ten t he l a n g ua g e a nd
but t h ey
d i s c a rd ed t h e a n c i en t c o s t ume O f rec en t y ea r s th ey h a ve
.
,

fa ll en bet w een t he t w o s t oo l s o f a bs o rp t i o n a n d dis in t e

r t io T en y ea rs a go s a ys t h e s a me O bs e rv e r t h e
g a n .
, ,

K in t a ls s w a r med fro m B o i t a k h a n a t o D h urrum t o lla h

t o d a y s ea rc h m us t be ma d e fo r o dd r emn a n ts
- in t h e
s ec l ud ed p a rt s o f C h un a G ully K hy roo M eht er s La ne ,
’

a n d G oo reea ma h s L a n e
’
A n d h e a t tri butes t h e r a pid
.

ex ti n c t i o n o f t h e c o mm un i t y t o t he S pr ea d O f c h ea p ed uc a

t i o n o n t h e o n e h a n d w hi c h h a s t r a n s fo r med ma n y a K i n ta l

in t o a n E ur a s i a n a n d t h e ma rri a e o n t he o t h e r h a n d
, g
O f Ki n t a l w o men w i t h t h e Chi n e s e s h o ema k e r s a n d c a ne

w o rk er s o f B en t i n c k S t r e et G en ui n e s p ec i men s o f t h e
.

Po rt ug ues e s t oc k a re s t ill t o be fo un d : but ev en a mo n g

t h es e p ure K in t a ls n o t hi n g s ur v i v es o f t h e o ld s en h o r s o f

H o og hly bey o n d t h e n a m es t h ey bea r t he reli g i o n t h ev ,

pr o fes s a few a n c i en t i ma g es o n t h e d o mes ti c a l t a r a n d

, ,

c er t a i n di s h es a n d s w eet s t h ey muc h a ffec t a t t h e i r fea s t s .

N o w e ddi n g o r c hri s t en i n g o r c el ebra t i o n o f t h e h i g h

fes t i v a l s O f t he c h urc h i s c o mpl e t e w i t h o ut a pl e n t i f ul
s upply O f B i n d a lo o F oo g a t h P l a n t i frit h B o llc o ma rd o a n d
, , ,

”
M el de R o s e . B ut t he G o a n es e mus i c i a n l o o k s d o w n
w i t h s up eri o r c o n t emp t up o n t h e f a lli n g a w a y o f t h e

w ea k er v es s el f r o m a n c es t r a l t r a di t i o n s : a n d t he C a l c utt a

P ro t a g hi ms el f in t he ma j o ri t y o f c a s es i n di g n a n t ly t e
u d i t t h e a s c ripti o n
p a es .

The A r men i a n s fo r m a n o t h er c o mmun i t y w hi c h a l , ,

t h o ug h n ume ri c a lly s ma ll i s O f ex t r eme i n t e r es t fro m a

,

his t o ri c a l p o i n t o f v i ew Th ey w er e a mo n g t he ea rlies t
.

t ra d er s t o I n di a c o mi n g fr o m t h e P ers i a n G ul f t o Kh o ra
,
 ”
C ITI Z E N S O F N O M E AN erry . 255

sa n a nd h
t en c e by w a y o f K a n d a h a r a n d K a b u l t o
,

D el hi r
B en a es P a n
,
t a a n d B e n
ga l A b.o u t 2 50 y e a r s a g o
,

they fo rmed a s et tl emen t a t S a id a ba d ( in t he en v iro n s o f

Cos s i m ba z a r) a n d w h en t h e D utc h s et t l ed a t Chi n s ur a h
,

in 1 625 th ey w ere fo ll o w ed by t he A r me n i a n s
,
It w o uld .

s eem a l s o t h a t t h ey w er e a lrea dy t r a di n g a t S ut t a n ut t ee

befo r e t he c o m i n g o f Ch a r n oc k fo r a n i n s c rip t i o n ex i s t s
,

o ver a r a v e i n t he A r men i a n c h ur c hy a rd a t C a l c utt a

g
w hi c h be a rs d a t e t h e 1 1 t h J uly 1 630 ,
A f t er t he fo un di n g
.

o f C a l c ut t a t h ey f o ll o w ed t he ex a mpl e O f t h e P o rt u ue s e
g
a n d se t t l ed a t t h e n o r t h e r n ex t r em i t y O f t he S et t l emen t ,

”
w h ere A r ma n i t o l a -
A r men i a n G h at a n d A r men i a n
,

S t reet s t ill rec a ll th e d a y s w h en t he l o ca li t y w a s in t h ei r

ex c l us i v e oc c up a t i o n Th ey w er e fro m t he o ut s et l oo k ed
.

upo n w i t h p ec uli a r f a v o ur by t h e C o mp a n y by r ea s o n o f
t h e s erv i c es th ey w ere a bl e t o r en d e r a s a g en t s an d i n t e r

p re t e rs . T h e i r Ch u r c h o f S t N a z a re t h i n C a l c ut t a
. w hi c h ,

deri ves it s n a me fro m Aga N a z a r it s d o n o r w a s buil t i n , ,

1 724 b ut a s ea rly a s 1 7 1 7 w e fi n d C o j a S erh a ud a ec o m

, ,

p a n yi ng S urma n s emba s s y t o D elhi a s i n t erpr et er Fo rt y

’
.

y ea rs l a t er w h en C a l c ut t a w a s c a p t ur ed by S er a j ud
,
-

D o ula h t w o A r men i a n s C o j a P et r us A ra t o o n a n d Abr a

, ,

ha m J a c o bs c a rri ed o n c o mm un i c a t i o n s
, betw ee n D ra k e
a n d h is C o un c il a t F ul t a a n d O m ic h a n d i n C a l c ut t a Th e .

Ar men i a n c o mm un i t y h a s a l w a y s been a ri c h a n d t hri v i n g

one : a n d b
y di n t o f a b ili t y a n d p e r s ev e r a n c e t h e y h a ve

g a i n ed fo r t h e m s e l v e s t h e hi g h es t p os i ti o n s n o t o n ly i n t h e
comme r c i a l w o rld but i n t he l ea rn ed pro fes s i o n s
, .

The G reeks , lik e t he A r men i a n s , ow e t h eir i ti o n

a s so c a

w i th C a lc ut t a t o t h e a l l uremen t s O f c o mmerce. T he fi r s t
256 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

e mi n en t Gr eek l r in C a l c ut t a w a s H a dj ee A le x i os
s et t e

Argy ree a n a ti v e O f Philippo p o li s w ho c a me t o B en g a l

, ,

i n 1 7 50 a n d ea r n ed h is l i v i n g a s a n i n t e r pret er Am o ng .

As i a ti c c o mmun i t i es men t i o n mus t n o t be O m i t t ed o f t he

Ar a bs a n d t he M a rw a ri s Th e A r a bs a re c hi efly tr a d e rs
.

w i t h t he P er s i a n a n d A r a bi a n G ul f a n d o n e g r ea t i t e m

o f t h e i r t ra fli c li es i n
‘
A r a b h o r ses Th ey o w n se v era l
.

l a rg e s hip s w hi c h tra d e r eg ul a rly t o t hi s po r t

, In t he .

n o r t h er n q ua r t er o f t h e t o w n t h ey t a k e hi g h ra n k a s
i n fl uen t i a l a n d r es p ec t ed me mbers O f t he M a h o med a n
c o mm un i t y . The M a rw a ri s ma y be r ea dily di s t i n g ui s h ed
by t h ei r n ea t br i g h t ly c o l o ured h ea d d r es se s a n d t h e i r
- -

h a n d s o me i n t ellig en t fa c es Tec h n i c a lly s p ea ki ng t h ey

.

a re n o t B riti s h s ubj ec t s fo r t h ey a re i n h a bita n t s O f M a r

,

w a r o r B ik a n eer i n t he n o r t h o f t he P en i n s ul a : but m a n y

o f t h e m h a v e s et tl ed p e r ma n e n t ly i n C a l c ut t a a nd it is
,

n o t ma n y y ea r s s i n c e a pro mi n en t m ember o f t h ei r c o m

m un i t y fi ll ed t h e r es po n s i bl e a n d h o n o ura bl e O ffice O f
S h e ri ff
. Th ey a re n o t t h e o n ly I n di a n t r a d ers o f n o n B en -

g a l ee o ri g i n fo ,r t h e r e a re m a n y G uj er a ti s a n d M a hr a t t a s

f r o m t he B o mba y s id e a n d men o f M a d ra s a n d t h e P un j a b
w h o c a n bo a s t bo t h o f s ubs t a n ce a n d bus i nes s c a p a c i t y .

B ut in t he h a n d o f t h e M a rw a ri s is t he tr a d e in O pi um ,

M a n c h es te r p i ec e go o d s a n d c o un t ry pro d uc e
, S h re w d .

men a re th ey a t a ba rg a i n a n d by t h ei r en emi es d ec l a r ed
t o be n o t o v erp a rti c ul a r B urr a Ba z a r i s t h e ir s t ro n g h o l d
.

a n d t h ey w ill be fo un d c o n g r eg a t ed i n H a rri s o n R o a d a n d

C o t t o n S t r eet a n d i n t he n ei g h bo uri ng l a n es a n d g ulli es in

,

s q ua lid a n d c ro w d ed t e n e men t s w hi c h a re in bew ild e ri n

, g
c o n t r a s t t o t h e e n o r mo us w ea lth O f w hi c h t h ey a re t he

ma s t er s .
2 58 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

t
t he s o u h W n i d , t h e o n ly miti g a ti o n of t h e fi e rc e t rOp iml

h ea t fro m M a y t o O c t ober bl ew o v er s tea m i ng ri c e la n ds

,

a n d tid a l ma rs h es o n it s w a y t o t h e c i t y a n d h ea p s o f ,

p ut rid d ea d fi s h l eft i n t he s a l t w a t er l a k es by t he
,
-

r ec edi n g w a t er s d uri n g t h e dry s ea so n , ma d e o f the

ea s terly b r eez e a v eri t a bl e bl a s t O f d ea t h I t ma y be t he
.

s a d tr ut h t ha t t he E n g li s h d ra ma in I n di a i s p l a y ed

a mi d a bus tl e o f ex i t s a n d en tra n c es a n d a h urri ed s c en e

s h i fti n g w hic h a l l o w t i me fo r n o th i ng but t h e p res en t .

M i g r a t o ry C a l c ut ta ma y t a ke k n ow l edge o n ly o f t h e m ph:
w i t h w h o m i t d a n c es a n d di n es a n d r e a rd a l l o th ers w i t h
, g
a n un c o n cern q ui t e g o o d n a t ured but a bso l ut ely c o m p l et e .

Y et , ev en if w e el ec t t o o c c upy o urs el v es w ith t he p res en t ,

let us be j us t a l s o t o t h e p a s t A s Si r W illi a m H un ter

.

h a s fi n ely remi n d ed us
“
,
t o t h es e p oo r pr ed eces s o rs of

o ur s ,
w ho li v ed a n d di ed a t t h eir w o rk a n d t o w h om,

fa me w a s a l w a y s h a lf di s fa me w e o w e n o s ma ll ( k bt
, .

Th ey fo un d C al c utt a a s w a mp a n d t hey c r ea t ed o n i t a
,

”
c a pi t a l
. B o mba y m a y bo a s t t h a t s he i s urbs pri m a in
I n di s —t he fi r s t c i t y O f t h e E n g li s h i n I n di a i n p oi n t o f ,

t i me . B ut t h e mo t t o O f C a l c ut t a i s a n ev en pr o ud er o n e ,

fo r it t ell s o f a v i c t o ry o v e r t h e fo rc es o f n a t ure a n d o f a n
E mpir e r ea red a mid ev e ry s urr o un di n g o f di s a d v a n ta e
g
a n d di ffi c ul t y
. P er a rdua s t a bi li s es t o As s he h a s been
.

i n d a y s go n e by s o ma y s he be in t h e d a y s t o c o me
, .
 P A RT II.

C H A PTE R I .

TW E N T I E TH C E N TU R Y C A LC U TTA .

C A L C U TTA , t h e c h ie f c ity of B en g al , th e s ea t of the

Sup reme Gove rn men t , a nd the Met ro p o li s Of I n di a

,

t
s a n ds i n La t 22 33 N , an d L on g 88 23 E
.
° '
. .
° '
. I t is
s it ua ted a bo ut 1 00 m il es fro m t h e s ea o n t h e l eft ba nk O f

t he w es t er n bra n c h o f t h e G a n g es c a l l ed by E uro pea n s

,

th e H o og hly a nd by t he peo pl e o f t he c o un t ry w ho t e ,

vere n c e i t a s a h o ly s t r ea m M o t h er G an g es
,
o r t he

B ha gi ra tti . Th e ma i n s t rea m o f t he G a n g es h a s a s a ,

ma tt er o f fa c t l on g s i n c e d es er t ed t hi s p a rt o f i t s d el t a
, ,

a nd n o w r ea c h es t h e s ea thro ug h t he Hurri n g o t t a a n d
t he M egn a ,
fa r t o t he ea s t w a rd B ut a cc o rdi n g t o
.

n a t i v e t ra di t i o n t h e H oo g h ly w a s o n c e t he s a c r ed s t rea m
, ,

a n d a n O ld te mp le w hi c h t ill a few y ea r s a g o s t oo d n ea r
, ,

t he t a n k t o t h e s o ut h o f t he A li po r e J a il a n d w a s beli ev ed ,

t o b e 600 yea r s O ld is s a id t o h a v e bee n buil t o n t h e b a n k

,

o f t he G a n e s
g w ,hi c h a t t h a t t i me fo ll o w ed th e li n e o f
To ll y s N ull a h p a s t K a l igh a t
’
Th e w id t h o f t he H oo g hly
.

a t A rmen i a n G ha t i s a bo ut 600 y a rd s but a t o t h e r p a rt s

,

it w id en s t o n ea rly a m il e C a lc ut t a oc c upi es a s p a c e
.

a l o ng t he ba n k o f t he ri v e r o f a bo ut 4
5 m ile s es t i m a t ed ,

from C h i t po re o n t he n o rt h t o Kidd e rp o r e o n t he s o ut h
, ,

an d w i t h a n a v era e w id t h o f a mil e a n d a h a lf fro m

g
ea s t to w es t ,th a t is fro m t h e ri v er ba n k t o t he Ci rc ul a r
,
260 CA L C U TT A O LD AN D N EW .

R oa d , w h i c h fo r ms t he r
ea s t e n bo un d a ry . Th e r ea ma y
a

be p ut a t s ev e n s q ua re mile s ,
a nd l
t h e en g t h of ro a d s i n t he
to w n is a bo ut 1 20 m ile s .

Th e g r o un d on w hi c h C a l c ut t a is buil t is a pa r t O f t he

a ll uv i a l d ep o s i t s o f t he G a n g et i c del t a a nd is e l e v a t ed
,

n o t mo re t h a n 1 6 o r 1 8 feet a bo v e t h e me a n s e a l ev el .

E x c a v a t i o n s t h a t h a v e bee n ma d e fo r t a n k s a n d fo un da
t i o n s s h e w t h a t t o a d ep t h o f a bo ut 40 f eet t h e s ur

f a c e fo r m a t i o n is a n a l t e rn a t i o n o f s a n d an d c l a y beds .

A ba n d o f v ege t a bl e ma t t e r w hi c h a pp ea r s t o i n d i ca t e
,

a n o ld l a n d s ur fa c e is met w i t h a t a bo ut 20 f e e t ( a n d
,

t h e r e fo r e bel o w t h e a c t ua l l ev e l o f t h e s ea ) and f ro m ,

t hi s d o w n t o 30 fe e t t h e s t ump s O f s o o n dri t r ee s w ith ,

t h e ir r o o t s a t t a c h ed i n t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h ei r g r o w t h a re ,

f req ue n t ly fo un d ; a ll o f w hi c h i n di c a t e t h a t t h e s i t e o f
C a lc ut t a w a s o n c e o c c upi ed by m a rs hy i s l a n d s fl o o d ed ,

by t h e t ides a n d i n t he c o n di t i o n o f t h e o ut e r S un d e rb un s
,

o f t h e pre s e n t da y ; a n d t h a t s i n c e t h a t t i m e
, t h e O ld ,

l a n d s ur fa c e h a s s un k s o m e 1 8 o r 20 fee t a n d h a s be en ,

a f t e r w a rd s c o v e r ed a n d r a i s ed b il t r d u lly d i t d
y s g a a e p o s e

f ro m t h e ri v e r w a te r s A t a d ep t h O f a bo ut 40 fee t a bed
.

o f s e mi fl uid q ui c k s a n d i s m et w i t h ; t h e ex i s te n c e O f w h i c h
-

ren d ers it d ifli c ult t o e r ec t h ea v y a n d ma s s i v e p i l es O f

ma s o n ry i n C a l c ut t a .I n d eed ma n y O f t he l a rg e bui ld i n gs
, ,

s uc h a s t he H i h C o urt a n d t h e I n di a n M us e um i n C h o w
g
ri n g h ee h a v e s uff e red mo r e o r l e s s by un eq ua l s i n k i n g
,

a n d a l a rm i n r k b m u mm T h
g c a c s a r e y n o e a n s n co o n e .

g e n e r a l s l o p e o f t h e g ro un d s ur fa c e is s li g h t a n d a s is , ,

us ua lly t he ca s e i n ri v e r d el t a s a w a y fr o m t he ri v er ba n k
,
.

Th e n a t ur a l dr a i n a g e O f t h e la n d t h er ef o re t en d s t o w a rd s
26 2 L
C A C U TT A O L D AN D N ew .

h i g h er fig ures w ere s h o w n In M a y 1 86 7 a n d 1 874

.
, .

t em p era t ures o f 1 06 w e r e r ec o rd ed a n d t he o ppos ite

°
,

e x treme i s s uppli ed by J a n ua ry 1 899 w h en a t h e rm o meter

, ,

ex p o s ed und e r a t h a t c h ed s h a d e reg i s t er ed a s lo w a s 442 .

D uri n g t he ho t w ea t h e r mo n t h s h ow ev er Ca l c ut t a en j oys
, ,

t he a d v a n t a g e O f a s ea b reez e w hi c h set s i n l a t e i n the

,

a f t er n o o n a n d bl o w s fo r s o me h o ur s a f t er s un s e t The .

i n t en s i t y O f t he he a t a t th i s s ea s o n i s a l s o mi t i ga t ed by the
Oc c a s i o n a l oc c urr en ce o f a n o rt h w es t er a s t o r m w hich
-
, .

a s i t s n a me i m p o rt s c o mes u fro m t h e w es t o r n o rt h w est

p
-
,

mo re freq ue n t ly t ha n fro m a n y o t h e r dir ec t i o n a n d i s pre ,

ced ed by v i o l e n t g us t s O f w i n d a n d c l o ud s O f dus t b l o w i ng ,

o ut w a rd s i n a d v a n c e o f t he s t o r m Th e li g h t n i n g i n these
.

s t o r m s i s s o me t i me s v e ry v i v id a n d a s ea s o n r a r e l y p a s s es
,

i n w hi c h h o use s a re n o t s tr uc k .

The a n n ua l r a i n fa ll o f C a l c ut t a h as been k n o w n t o rise

a s hi g h a s 93 i n c h es a n d t o f a ll a s lo w a s 43 b ut its ,

a v er a g e ma y be r eas o n a bly p ut a t 60 i n c h es Th e g rea ter .

p a r t o f t hi s f a ll s bet w een J une a n d O c t o ber d uri n g w hic h ,

t i me t he t e m per a t ur e v a ri es n o t mo re t h a n a b o ut 8
°

d uri n g t he t w en t y fo ur h o ur s ; t he a ir i s v ery d a m p a nd
-
,

ra i n is h ea v y a n d freq uen t b ut no t c o n t i n uo us
, Cl o th es .

a n d bo o k s bec o me mo uldy i f n o t freq uen tly o en ed o ut

p
a n d a i red ; a n d t he he a t t h o ug h l es s i n t en s e th a n in
,

A pril a n d M a y i s mo re O pp res s i v e pr od uc i n g a feeli ng

, ,

o f l a s s i t ude,
w hi c h i s v e ry i n i mi ca l t o men t a l a n d bo d ily

a c t i v i ty
. To E ur o p ea n s t h e l a t t er p a r t O f th e r a in s is
,

t he mo s t un he a l t hy s ea s o n o f t h e y ea r I t i s a t the .

b eg i n n i n g a n d c l o s e O f t he r a in y s ea s o n n a mel y i n Ma y , ,

a n d J un e ,
a n d a g a i n i n O c t o ber a n d t h e ea rly pa rt of
 TW E N TI E TH C EN TU R Y C A CL U TTA .

N ove m ber , h C a l c utt a is mos t freq uen tly v i s ited by

t at

c y c l o n es . Th es e dr ea de d s t o r ms o ri g i n a te i n t h e B a y o f
B e n g a l s o met i mes a s fa r d o w n a s t he N i c oba r s a n d t h e
,

An d a ma n I s l a n d s ; a n d a fter ga th eri n g s t ren gt h fo r t w o

o r t h re e d a y s w i t h but lit t l e c h a n ge o f p l a c e th ey mo v e
, ,

fo rw a rd in a dir ec ti on bet w een n o rt h a n d W e st bec o m ,

i ng fi e rc er a n d mo re d es t r uc t i v e a s t h ey a d v a n ce Th e .

n a t ure o f t he se s t o r ms i s n ow w ell un d er s t o o d The .

w i n d s bl o w s p i r a lly ro un d a n d i n t o a c en t r a l reg i o n ( t h e

ey e o f t he s t o r m) w h er e a p erfec t c a l m p rev a il s W h en the

.

c e n t r e o f s uc h a s t o r m p a s ses o v e r a n y pl a c e t h e w in d

bl o w s s t ea dily fro m t he s a me q ua r t er ( in C a l c ut t a fro m

t he E a s t o r E N E ) w ith i n c rea s i n g v i o l en c e
. . . Th er e is
.

t h e n a co m p l e t e c a l m w hi c h l a s t s fr o m a few mi n utes t o a n
'

h o ur o r mo re ; a n d t h is is fo llo w ed by a s udde n r enew al o f

t h e s t o r m w ith it s ma x i m um v i o l en c e fr o m t h e o pp o s it e
, ,

q ua r te r O f t he co mp a s s C a l c ut t a ha s n o t been tr a v ers ed
.

by t he c en tre O f a s ev er e c y c l o n e s i n c e t h e 3rd J un e,
1 842 ; but t h e s t o r ms o f t he 5t h O c t ober 1 864 a n d 3l s t
, ,

O c t o be r 1 867 w h en t he c en tre p a s sed a few m i les t o t he

, ,

w es t o f t he c i t y w ere n o t le s s d es t ruc t i v e
, t he w h o l e
,

s hippi n g o f t he r iv e r bei n g ca rri ed a w a y fr o m i t s moo r

in gs , a nd a g r ea t p a rt w r ec k ed a n d s t ra n de d S i n c e .

t heir oc c urr enc e a s y s t em o f s t o r m s i g n al s h as

,
been
es t a bli s h ed a n d w hene v e r t h e w e a t he r a pp ea r s th rea t en
,

ing t h es e a re ex hi bi t ed bo t h i n C a l c ut t a a nd a t tw o o r
, ,

th ree st a t i o n s o n t h e ri v er be l o w .

The c o n v en t i o n a l
di v i s i o n s o f t he c i t y a re tw o , N ort h ern

and S o uth ern ; B o w B a z a r S t reet c on t i n ued in a l in e

,

from t he Circ ul a r R o a d t o t he ri v er fo rmi n g , t he bo un

26 4 CA C L U TTA ow AN D N E W.

d a ry . The N o rth ern po rt i o n w ith t he ex c ep ti o n o f t h e ,

b us i nes s p o rti o n t o t h e n o rt h w es t o f D al h o us i e Sq ua re -
,

i s a l mo s t ex c l us iv ely o c c upi ed by t he peo pl e o f t h e c o un

t ry . The s treet s li ke t h o s e o f mos t o rien ta l t o w n s a re
, ,

n a rr o w a n d i n so me p a rt s
, t h e h ous es a re lo f ty ,
A .

l a rge po r t i o n o f t he n o rt he r n a rea is occ upi ed by bus t e es

o r n a t i ve v ill a es c ov er ed w i t h m ud o r s tr a w h ut s Pl a c ed
g ,
.

o n t h e ba r e d a m p r o u n d a n d c r a mmed t o geth e r w i t h o ut
g
v en t il a t i o n o r d r a i n a e t h es b u t ee s a re u s u a lly g r o up ed
g e s ,

ro un d a t a n k o r po n d w hi c h a s o ft en a s n o t rec ei v es mo s t o f
t he d o mes ti c r efus e a n d i s a t t h e s a me t i me use d fo r w a s h
,

in g i f n o t fo r c oo ki n g p urp o s es The h o us es o f t h e be t t er .

c l a s s es a re bri c k b uil t fr o m t w o t o three s t o ri es h i h nd

g a
-
, ,

fl a t robfed M a n y o f t he l a rg er o n es c o n s i s t o f a d o ub l e
.

q ua dr a n gl e : a n d a s a r ule t h ey a re buil t in t h e f o rm ,

o f a h o ll o w s q ua re w hi c h o n t he oc c a s i o n o f H i n d o o
, ,

fe s ti v a l s is c o ver ed in a n d l i gh t ed up O n t he n o rt he rn
,
.

s id e is t he Tha ko or g h ur w h er e t he res idi ng d ei t y i s

p
-

pl a c ed Th e upper fl oo r co n t a i n s t he liv i ng a pa rt m en t s
.
,

w i t h v era n d a h s w hi c h a l w a y s fa c e i n w a rd s t o w a rd s t h e
,

q u a dr a n g l e M a n y
. o f t h e o ld e r h o u s e s h a ve a l s o w o o d en

v e r a n d a h s o r ba l c o n i es fa c i n g t he s treet Th er e a re a .

few r ea lly fi ne ma n s io n s bel o n g i n g t o w e a l t hy I n d i a n

‘

g e n t l e m en bu t a
, s a r ul e t h e n a ti v e a r c hi t,ec t u r e pr es e nts

a mea n a n d dil a p id a t ed a ppea r a n c e The mai n s t r ee t s .

i n t h e n o rth er n di v i s i o n r un n i n g n o rth a n d s o uth a re t h e

, ,

S t r a n d R o a d w hi c h c o mmen ces j us t a bo v e t h e N i mt o l la h
,

bur n i n g gh a t ; D urma ha t t a ( t h e
-
s t reet o f t he s e l l e r s

o f r eed ma t s -
w hi c h beg i n n i n g a bo ut t he s a me po i n t i s ,

pro l o n ged t hro ug h Cli v e S t reet t o D a lho us ie Sq ua re ; t h e

C h it p o re R o a d w hi c h t r a v er s es t h e en t i re le ng t h o f t he
,
266 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

r
c en t e : G rey S t reet n a med li ke B ea do n S treet a fter a
Li eut en a n t Go v ern o r o f B enga l a n d a p ro lo nga ti o n i n t he
-
,

s a me di rec ti o n o f So bh a B a z a r S t reet on e o f t he o ldes t

s t reet s in C a l c ut t a : a n d fi n a lly Sh a m B a z a r a n d B o w
B a z a r S t r eet s t h e o n e run n i n g i n a n o rt h ea s te rly di rc e
,
-

t i o n t o w a rd s th e s uburb o f B el g a c hi a a n d t h e o th er c l os i n g ,

i n t he n o r t he r n bo un d a ry o f t h e To w n .

Th e pri n c ip a l B a z a rs i n t he N o r t he r n D ivis ion a re t he

R a d ha B a z a r ,
t he O ld a nd N ew C h i na B a z a r, t he B urro
B a za r a nd Ti ret ta
’
s B a za rfo rmer l i q uo rs
. In t h e t w o , ,

o il ma n s f ur n i t ure c l o t hi ng a n d a n i mme n s e
’
s t o res , , ,

v a ri et y o f o t h e r go o d s ma y be o bt a i n ed a t mo d e ra t e
p ri c es pr o v id ed t h e p urc h a s e r h a s a ll h is w i t s a bo ut
,

h im a n d re mem be r s t h a t t h er e is a l w a y s w h a t is c a l l ed
,

”
an a s ki n g pri c e w hi c h is gen e r a lly f r o m o n e t o t w o
,

t h i rd s i n ex c es s o f t he pri c e t h a t w il l be t a ke n Ti re tt a s
’
.

B a z a r is the h a un t pa r ex c elle n c e o f t he d ea l e r i n b i rd s
a n d o t her li v e s t oc k In t he B urra B a z a r w ill be f o un d
.

pi ec e g oo d s C a s h me re s h a w l s j ew ell e ry prec i o us s t o nes

-
, , , ,

a n d h a rd w a r e o f ev e ry de s c rip t i o n d r ug s a n d me di c in es , ,

bo t h i n di gen o us a n d i mpo rt ed The v i s i t o r w ill h a r dl y

.

k n o w w h et he r t o w o n d e r mo s t a t t he l a rge s t oc k s o f g oo d s
w hi c h he ma y i n s p ec t o r a t t h e w o n de rf ul d e n s i n w h i c h
,

t h ey a re s t o w ed a w a y .

The bus i n es s p a rt of t he c ity , t h a t is t o s a y , t he E urop

can p o r t i o n o f it m us t be s o ught in t he So ut h ern D i v i s i on
,

o f t h e c i t y , a n d is c en t red i n Cliv e S treet a n d Cli v e R o w ,

H a re S t ree t H a s t i n g s S t reet The E s p l a n a d e Go ve rn men t

, , ,

Pl a c e O ld C o urt H o us e S treet a n d D a lh o us i e Sq ua re
,
.

S p ea ki n g g ene r a lly t h e w es t e r n p o r t i o n is c hi efly occ upi ed

,
b y t he me rc h a n t s , a nd t he s o u h ea s te r n by
t -
tra d es men .

Th e p ri n c ip h p
al s o s — a n d t h e r e a re s o me v ery fi n e o n es

a re t o be fo un d i n D a l ho us i e S q ua r e i n Old C o urt H o use ,

S t ree t a n d in G o v ern men t Pl a c e

,
.

T he di s t ri c t lyi n g bet w een B ow B a z a r a n d D h urrum

t o lla b a n d bo un de d o n t h e w es t by B en ti n c k Street is ,

a d i s t ri c t i n h a bi t ed c hi efl y by E a s t I n di a n s P o rt ug ues e , ,

a n d E uro pea n s o f t he po o r er c l a s s t ogeth er w i t h a c on ,

s id e ra ble n umbe r of n a t iv es C a n d o ur c o mp el s t he
.

a d m i s s i o n t h a t t h e q ua r t er pres en t s fe a t ures a s un p l eas a n t

a s a n y pa r t o f C a l c ut t a Full o f to rt uo us a n d n a r ro w
.

l a n es ba dly d r a i ned a n d reek i n g w ith fo ul od o urs th i c kly

, , ,

po p ul a t ed a n d mi s e ra bly h o us ed n o t hi n g but g ri n di n g
, ,

po v e r t y c o uld i n d uc e Ch ri st i a n me n t o t ak e up t h eir a bode

in s uc h a l oc a lity . In thi s di s t ri c t o n t he n o rt h s id e o f
,

D h urrumt o lla h ,
is t he B a z a r ca ll ed C ha n dn ey C h o w k ,

a l a b yri n t h o f ill ke p t p a s s a ges

-
li n ed w ith s h ops in w hi c h
, ,

m a y be fo un d a w o nd erful c o ll ec ti o n o f s un d ri es fro m ,

a d o o r n a il t o a s il k dr es s V e ry s i mi l a r s h o p s a n d s t a ll s
.

ma y n o w be fo un d but un d er c o n diti on s i n fi n it ely mo re

,

a d v a n t a geo us a n d c o mfo rt a bl e i n t h e Mun i c ip a l M a rk et

,

i n L i n d s a y S t reet o ff C ho w ri n gh ee
,
.

S o ut h of D hurrumt o lla h , c o mmen c n g i at B en t i n c k

S t re et , r un s the n obl e C h ow rin g hee R oa d n ea rly t w o m il es ,

lo n g a n d ei ghty f eet b ro a d Th e ea s t er n s id e is li n ed by
.

h a n d s o me h o uses fa c i n g the fi n e g ra s s y M a ida n w hi c h li es

,

betw ee n t hem a n d t he ri v er The y a re gen er a ll y o rn a

.

men t ed w i t h s pa c i o us ve ran d a h s t o t he s o uth th a t be i ng ,

th e q ua r te r fro m w hi c h in t he ho t w ea th er t he coo l e v en
, ,

ing br eeze bl o w s .
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

P a r a ll el w ith C ho w rin g h ee R o a d r un s W ell es l ey S t re e t .

t h e fi n e br o a d t h o r o ug h fa r e w hi c h h a s a lr ea dy c l a i m e d o ur

n o t i c e un d e r it s no r t h e r n d es i g n a t i o n o f C o r n w a lli s S t ree t .

A l o n g it s c o ur s e a re s i t ua t ed W elles ley S q ua re t he n o rt h ,

s id e o f w hi c h is o c c upi ed by t h e M a dra s s a h o r g rea t M a ho ,

me d a n C o ll eg e a n d H elli n g t o n S q ua re w hi c h c o n t a i n s t he
'
f

G r ea t R e s er v o i r a n d t h e P umpi n g S t a t i o n o f t h e N e w
W a t er W o rk s To th e e a s t o f W ell es l ey S t r eet a n d
.
,

bo un d ed o n t h e n o rt h by D h urrumt o ll a h o n t h e s o ut h ,

by C o ll in g a a nd, on t he ea s t by t h e Ci r c ul a r R o a d ,

is t h e di s t ri c t c a ll ed To lt o lla h c hi e fly p eo pl ed by M a h o,

med a n k h a la s s ies a n d l a s c a r s P a rk S t re et a n d t h e d i s
.
,

t ric t s t o t h e s o ut h o f it a re a l mo s t e n t ir ely i n h a b i te d b v
,

E uro pea n s a n d c o n t a i n s o me o f t h e bes t res id en c es i n t he

,

c i ty . W i t hi n t he l a s t h a lf c en t ury t hi s q ua r t er h a s been
-

c o n s id er a bly ex t en d ed a l a rge n umbe r

, o f n ew h o us es
h a v i n g been e rec t ed a n d n ew s t reet s a n d s q ua re s fo r m ed
, ,

o n s i t es f o r me rly oc c upi ed b a t i v b u t T h r r
y n e s e e s e e a e .

a l s o s o me d h u i t h Cir ul r R o a d w hi c h h a s
g oo o s es n e c a ,

be en d r a i n ed a n d g re a t ly i m pro v ed by t h e c o n s t ruc t i o n
o f foo t pa th s a n d t h e pl a n t i n f v en ue s o f t r ee s
g o a
-
,
.

Th e g r ea t Ma ida n o r pl a i n pre s en t s
, , a mo s t re fres h i ng
a p pea r a n c e t o t h e ey e , t he h e a v y n i h t d ew s e ve n i n t he
g ,

ho t k eepi n g t he g r a s s g ree n
s ea s o n , M a n y o f t he fi ne .

t r ees w i t h w h ic h it w a s o n c e s t udd ed w e r e b l o w n do w n in

t h e c y c l o n e o f 1 864 B ut t h e y h a v e n o t bee n a ll o w e d t o
.

remai n w i t h o ut s uc c es s o r s a n d t h e h a n d s o me a v en ue s
,

a c r o s s t h e M a id a n s t ill c o n s t i t ut e t h e c hi e f l o ry o f C al
g
c ut t a . D o t t i n g t he w id e e x p a n s e a re a n umbe r o f fi ne
ta n ks f ro m w h i c h t h e i n h a b i t a n t s w e re c o n t e n t i n fo rmer
,

d a y s to o bt a i n t h ei r w a t e r s upply -
.
 2 70 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

r t l oca l as i s t a n c e t o G o v enn me n t re n d eri ng i t i n

a g ea s , ,

m a n y r es pec t s q ui te i n d epen d en t o f H o me i n d e n t s
,
.

H ere a re a l s o ex t en s i v e S ug a r M ill s a n d J ut e Sc r e w ,

H o us es The C o s s ip o re r ea c h is o n e o f th e fi n es t o n
.

t he ri v er a n d i s li n ed by a n umber o f h a n d s o me v i ll a
,

re s id en c es .

To t he s o ut h is t he v ill a ge of C hi t pore, w hi c h a p p ea rs
to h a v e been in ex i s te n c e 300 yea r s a g o I t w a s t h en .

w ri t t en C h i t t rupoo r a nd w as n o t ed
, fo r the t e m pl e o f
C h i t t ru o r K a l ee r en o w n ed fo r t h e n um ber o f h um a n
, ,

s a c ri fi c es fo r me rly o ffer ed a t h er s hri n e H ere w e re t h e .

h o use a n d ga rd en o f t he C h it po re N a w a b M a h o m ed ,

R ez a Kh a n t o w h o m t h e w h o l e a d mi n i s tr a t i o n o f B en g a l
,

w a s en t r us t ed fo r s ev e r a l y ea r s a ft er th e C o mp a n y h a d

o bt a i n ed t he D ew a n ee .

Adj o i n i ng a re t he s ub u rbs of P a i kpa ra a nd B elg a c h ia ,

b o t h fa v o uri t e h a un t s o f t he w ea l t hy I n di a n i n h a bi t a n t s o f
C a l c ut t a Th e f a mo us B elg a c hi a V ill a w a s o n ce t he c o un t ry
.

h o us e of L o rd A uc kl a n d a n d p a s s ed a t a l a t er d a te i n t o t h e
p o s s es s i o n o f D w a rk a n a t h Ta g o r e k n o w n by h i s c o n t,e m
p o r a ri es a s Pri n c e T a g o r e I t i s n o w t h.e pr o p e rt y o f t h e

P a ikp a ra R a j fa mily a n d is c el ebra t ed in l oc a l hi s t o ry a s

,

t h e sc ene o f t h e I n di a n e n t e r t a i n m en t o ffer ed t o K i n
g
E d w a rd t h e S ev en t h o n t he oc c a s i o n o f h i s v i s i t t o t h e c i t y
i n t he w i n te r o f 1 875 .

A t C hit p o re t h e C irc ula r ( ‘

a na l fa ll s i n t o t he H oo gh ly .

A l a rge n ew loc k
id a l ba s i n h a s been c o n s t ruc t ed
a nd t

a t t h e mo ut h o f t he C a n a l w hi c h is c r o s s ed b a i rd r
y g
, e

b rid ge a n d a li ft i n g b ri dg e a t t he en t ra n c e Cr o s s i n g .
 TW E N TI E TH C E N TU R Y C A C U TTA. L 27 1

C h i t po re B ridg e , a nd pa s s i ng so u th w a rd s w e c ome t o
,

N a rka ld t mg a h ,
h er e
w a re t he ex ten s iv e w o rk s o f t he
O ri en t a l Ga s Co mpa n y .

East of the Ci rc ul a r Roa d , is Ha ls i B a g a n , fo rmerly

t he ga rd en h o us e o
-
f O m i c h a n d [Am i n Ch an d ], t h e

R o t hs c h ild o f h is da y — t h e g rea t S i kh milli on a i r e w h o

,

liv e s in hi s t o ry by rea s o n o f h is dec ept i on a t t he h a n d s o f

C li ve .

S ea ld a h , w hi c h w a s d es c ri bed i n 1 75 7 as a n a rro w

c a us ew a y s ev era l feet a bo ve t he l ev el o f th e c o un t ry
, ,

”
l ea di n g fro m t he e a s t c o mes n ex t
, H ere is t he Te rmi n us
.

o f th e E a s t er n B en ga l S t a t e R a il w a y by w hi c h a c c es s ,

i s ba d t o D a rj eeli n g a n d t he j ute a n d t o ba c c o pro d uc i n g -

dis t ri c t s o f E a s t er n B enga l Th ere a re a l s o s eve r a l j ut e

.

sc r ew ho us es a n d t h e c fli ces a n d d epot s o f v a ri o us L a bo ur

a n d E m i g r a t i o n Ag en c ie s H ere t oo is the o ld P a upe r Hos

. .

p i t a
, l — n o w c a ll e d t h e C a m p b ell H o s pi t a l a n d M e d i c a l
Sc h oo l a n d set a p a rt a mo ng o t h er us es fo r t he rec epti o n

o f s ma ll po x -
c a s es To t he ea s t o f S ea ld a h s t re t c h t he
.

S a l t W a t er L a kes a b r oa d t r a c t o f lo w c o un try reg ul a rly

, ,

s ubmer ed b h i d R l m i d h u r l
'

g y t e t e ec a a t
. o n a n t e n a t a

proc es s o f s il t i ng a re c o n s t a n t ly di mi n i s hi n g t he i r a rea ,

a nd t hey h a v e l o n g ce a s ed t o ex e rc i s e t h eir fo r me r ma le

heen t s w a y ov er t h e c li ma t e a n d t he h ea lth o f t he c i t y .

P roc eedi ng i ll furth er s o ut h w e a rri v e a t E n ta lly a n

st , ,

ex ten s i v e di s t ri c t i n t er s ec t ed w i t h n umero us t o r t uo us r o a d s

a nd l a n es I t c o n ta i n s a l a rg e n umbe r o f E ur o pea n r es i
.

dences s o me o f th em fi ne buildi ngs in ex t en s i v e g ro un d s

,
.

But the a men iti es o f li fe in t h e l oc a lity a re n o t i mp rov ed by

- 72 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he pro x i mi t y o f a n umber o f n ec es s a ry but n o t a t t ra c t i v e

c i v i c i n s t i t ut i o n s H e re a re t he M un i c ip a l Fo und ry a n d
.

W o rk s h o p s t h e M un ic ip a l S l a ug h t er h o us es a n d t he P um p
,
-

i ng S t a t i o n o f t h e D r a i n a ge W o rk s w he re t he w h o l e ,

s ew a g e o f t h e c i t y is p um p ed i n t o a hi g h l eve l s ew e r a n d

c o n v eye d t o t h e S a l t W a t er L a k es w h e n c e a n o pe n c h a n
,

n e l c o n v ey s it t o w i t hi n r ea c h o f t id a l i n fl uen c e T he .

M un i c i p a l R a il w a y r un s a l o n g t h e s id e o f t h e Lo w e r C i r
c ula r R o a d a n d t he L a k es by w a f S ld h d
y o e a a a n c o n v ey s

s eve r a l h un d red t o n s o f s w e epi n

g s d a ily w hi c h a r e e m
p l o y ed t o r a i s e a s q u a r e m il e o f l a n d w hi c h h a s b e e n

bun d ed o ff f ro m th e l a n es fo r t he p urp o s e So ut h o f .

En t a lly is t h e fi n e V o l un t ee r R ifl e R a n g e c o n s t r uc t ed i n ,

1 877

B a lly g un g e li es to t he ea s Ci rc ul a r R o a d
t of the ,

b y o n d E n t a ll y
e
H er e t he r e is a fi n e m a id a n a d j o i n
.
,

i n g w hi c h a re t h e B a rr a c k s a n d E x erc i se G ro un d o f t h e

Go v ern o r G en e r a l s B o dy G ua rd A r o un d t hi s m a id a n
’
-
.
,

a n d li n i n s o me o f t h e a dj o i n i n g r o a d a re m a n y v e ry
g s ,

li n e E ur o p e a n re s id e n c es s t a n di n g i n e x t e n s i ve g r o un d s ,

a n d p re s e n t i n rea t a t t r a c t i o n s t t h o s e w h o a re k e p t
g g o

by bus i n es s d uri n g t h e d a y in t h e h o t a n d d us t y t o w n .

B h o w a n ipo re is a p o p ul o us n a t ve i
i n h a b i t ed pl a c e ,

c hi efl y by Hi n d u a rt iz a n s i n met a l s w h o w o rk fo r t he
h o us es i n t o w n . T he q ua r t er is a l s o a v ery fa v o uri t e o n e
fo r t h e l a rg e c o m m un i t y o f p le a d e rs a n d a t t o r n ey s w ho

p r a c t i c e i n t h e H ig h C o ur t a n d a t A lip o r e T h e L o n d o n .

M i s s i o n a ry S o c i et y s I n s t i t ut i o n is in Bh o w a n ipo re a n d
'

a l s o t h e L un a t i c A s yl um B h o w a n i p o re is o n t h e ro a d t o
.

Ka l ig h a t t h e g rea t Hi n d u t empl e— g r ea t n o t fro m a n y

,
27 4 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

S ch o o l , Ch urc h t he M a z z uc helli Ba z a r a n d t h e Go v ern

a , ,

men t D oc ky a rd H ere in 1 780 C ol o n el H en ry W a ts on

.
, ,

w h o s e n a me s urv i ves in t he a dj o i n i n g W a t g un g e a nd ,

w h o a c t ed a s seco n d t o F ra n c i s in t he hi s t o ri c d uel w i t h,

Ha s ti n gs es t a bl i s h ed w et a n d d ry d oc k s a n d a m a rin e
, ,

rd f r r ep a i ri n
g a n d e q ui p i
p gn v es s e l s o f w a r a n d
y a o

merc h a n t men The n ex t y ea r h e l a un c h ed t he N o n s uc h

.

f ri ga t e o f 36 gun s a n d in 1 788 t he S urpri s e fri g a t e o f 36

, ,

u n s F o r ei g h t y ea r s h e d ev o t ed h i s t i me a n d f o rtun e
g .

t o t hi s n a ti o n a l un d ert a ki n g , by w hi c h t i me h e h a d s un k

t en l a kh s o f R upees in h is e n t erpri s e a n d w a s o b l ig ed ,

t o a ba n d o n i t , h i s r es o urc es b ei n g ex ha us t ed A c c o rd i ng .

t o S o p hi a Go ldbo rn e i t w a s a p l ea s a n t p la c e o f res o rt in

W a t s on s da y ’
W a t s on s W o rk s s he w ri t es in H a rt ly
.
”
“ ’
,

Hous e a pl a ce fo r buildi n g bug ero s a n d s ma ll s l o o p s

,

r oa d t o w h i c h li es a c r os s t he E s p l a n a d e t o t he r i v e r
( t h e , ,

i n a n o b ue liq dir e ct i o n ) i s s o m e m il es fr o m Ca l c utt a — a n d ,

t o W a t s o n s W o rk s in o rd er t o s ee t h e l a un c hi n g o f a
’
,

l a rge bugero , built o n a new con s t ruc ti o n , w e rep a i r ed

y es t erd a y a fter t a ki n g o ur t ea : a n d do but c o n c ei v e t h e
,

éc l a t o f h a lf a d o z en o r mo re o f t he ea s t ern ba rge s a l l
- -
,

fr ei g ht ed w i t h eleg a n t pa rti es g lidi n g d o w n t he s t rea m

t ogeth er t he c a rs he a t i n g t i me t o t he n o t es o f t h e C l a ri n e t s

a n d o bo es Th e do c k s a ft erw a rd s f ell i n t o t he h a n d s o f
.

t h e t w o E a s t I n di a n s on s o f C o l o n el Kyd a n en te rpri s i n g ,

E uro pe a n t he Chi ef E n g i n eer o n t he E I

, C o mp a n y s . .
’

M ili t a ry E s t a bli s h me n t In 1 81 8 t h ey l a un c h ed fro m t h e

.
,

d oc k t he H a s tin g s a 74 gun s hi p B et w een 1 781 a n d 1 800

, .
,

thi rty fiv e v es s el s w e re l a unc h ed ; fro m 1 781 t o 1 821 th e

-
,

t o t a l w a s 237 a t a c o s t o f mo r e th a n t w o m illi o n s s t er
,

li n g At Fo r t G l o uc es t er t he s i te o f fl o uri s hi ng j ut e
.
,
 T WE N TI E TH U
C E N T R Y C A L C U TTA .

m ill s t the r es e n t da y , a bo u t 5 mil es bel ow , on th e

a p
o pp o s i t e s id e of i
th e r v e r ,
27 v es se s l w ere buil t betw ee n

1 81 1 a n d 1 8 2 8 a n d t h er e w a s al s o a do c ky a rd at Ti t a gh ur,

ne a r B a rr a c kp o r e a t w hi c h i n 1 801 ,
a v es se l of
, ,

Kyd
’
t o ns,
t h e C o un tes sf o S uth erla nd , w a s buil t
d oc k . s

y a rd is no w t h e G o v e r n m en t d oc ky a rd ,
b ut fo r ma n y y ea r s ,

n o ves s e l s o f a n y s i z e h a ve been buil t th er e .

I n t h e ea s t r t o f K idd erpo r e i s t h e M ili t a ry O rpha n

a
p
S c h o o l e s t a bli s hed in 1 7 83 by M a j o r W il li a m K i rk pa t ri c k
, , .

It w a s the ma n s i o n o f R i c h a rd B a rw ell t he c ol l ea g ue a n d ,

s uppo rt e r o f H as t i n g s i n C o un c il a n d t h e h ero o f t he ,

b ri n g mo r e c urri cle s s t o ry The fi n e B a ll roo m i n t hi s

.
-

bui ldin g c a ll s t o mi n d t h e s t a t e o f so c i et y i n f o rme r d a y s ,

w h en E ur op ea n l a di es w e r e a fr a id t o fa c e t he c li ma t e o f

l ud i n an d w h en i n c o n s eq ue n c e Kidd erpo r e w a s a h a r bo ur
, ,

o f r ef ug e w h er e me n i n w a n t o f w i v es ma d e th ei r s el ec ti o n
, ,

t r a v e ll i n g o ft e n a d i s t a n c e o f 500 mil es to a t t en d t he ba ll s

g iv e n e x pr e s s ly o n t h a t b e h a lf .

N o rth of Kidd e rp o r e p a ra t i ng it fro m t he

,
a nd se

h i a i da n , fl o w s Ta lly s N ulla h o r c a na l ex c a v a t ed by
'

, ,

C ol o n el To ll y i n 1 7 7 5 at h is ow n e x p en s e
, It w a s .

f o r me rly kn o w n a s t h e G o v i n dpo re Cr eek a n d w a s i n , ,

f a c t p a r t o f t h e o ld bed o f t he G a n ges
, I t n o w r un s .

i n t o t he C irc ul a r C a n a l w hi c h a ga i n c o mm un i c a tes w i t h
,

t h e H oo g hly n o rt h o f C h it p o re
, fo r mi n g t he g rea t i n l et ,

f o r co un try boa t s bri n g i n g pr o d uce fr o m t he S un derbun ds

a nd t he ea s t er n d i s t ri c t s o f Be n a l
g .

The N ulla h i s h ere s p a n n ed by a brid ge, o nc e k n ow n ,

a s the ll
n u ah w a s , by t h e na me of E d w ard S ur ma n , t h e
276 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D n ew .

hea d o f the E mba s s y to D elhi in 1 7 1 7 but n o w c a ll ed the ,

K idd erp o re B rid ge I t is t r a ve r s ed by t he C a l c ut t a T ra m

.

w a y s w hi c h run fro m he re di r ec t t o t h e E s pl a n a d e J unc

,

ti o n a t t he c o r ne r o f D h urrumt o lla h .

Pr oc eedi n g i n a w es t erly di rec t i o n a f t er c r o s s i n g the

brid ge w e fi n d o ur s el v es i n Ha s ti g s
,
n — a G o v e rn ment ,

c o lo ny c o n s i s t i n g c hie fl y o f w a rr a n t
,
o ffi c e r s and con

duc t o rs o f t he O rd n a n ce a n d C o mmi s s a ri a t D ep a rt me nts ,

a nd a lso o fli c ers c o n n ec t ed w ith t he H a rbo ur b f a s t er s

’

D ep a r t men t o f t h e P o rt C o mmi s s i o n er s H ere a l s o t he

.

C o mmi s s a ri a t G od ow n s a re s i t ua t ed It w a s h e re t h a t
.

N un d a K uma r D ew a n t o t h e N a w a b o f M oo rs h ed a ba d
‘

, .

w a s e x ec ut ed A ug us t 5t h 1 7 75 t h e fi r s t B r a h ma n b a n ed
, , , g
by t he E n g li s h i n I n di a Th e o ld n a me o f t he p l a c e w a s
.

C oo ly B a z a r a n d it is s a id t h a t it o w es it s o r ig i n t o t he
,

n umero us w o rk men a n d c oo li es empl o ye d i n build i n g t he

Fo rt w h o a re s a i d t o h a v e fo r med a r eg ul a r v ill a ge t o th e
s o ut h . In c o n n ec t i o n w ith t hi s pl a c e w e s n a tc h a pa ra
m s of O ld C a lc ut ta r e l a t i n g
’

g r a ph fr o D r B u
.s t eed s E c h o e

t o t h e t r ea t men t o f n a t i v e s er v a n t s in 1 7 78 A C o l o n el .

W a t s o n pro s ec ut ed o ne R a m S i n gh a s a n i mpo s t o r fo r
rec ei v i ng pa y a s a c a rpen t er w h en a c t ua lly n o t h i ng mo re
“
th a n a B a boo . O rd ered fi ft een r a t t a n s a nd to be,

d rummed t h ro ug h t he C oo li e B a z a r t o C o l o n el W a t s o n s '

”
g a t es .

To t h e w es t w a H a s ti n gs To lly s N ull a h is o n c e
rd of
’

mo re c ro s s ed by t h e H a s ti n gs B rid ge Thi s w a s o ri g i n a l l y
.

a fi n e s us p en s i o n b rid ge erec t ed b p u b li ub ri ti
y c s sc p o n

t o c o mmemo r a t e t h e a d mi n i s tr a t i o n o f t h e M a rq ui s o f H a s t

i n gs but it c o ll a p s ed s udd en ly in 1 874 pro ba bly f ro m t h e

, ,
27 8 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he hea d -
q ua rt ers o f th e o ffi c es o f t he B en g a l N agpore
-

R a il w a y C o mp a n y . The d ea t h o f W a j id Al i S h a h , the

l a s t K i n g o f O udh w a s fol l o w ed by t he s a le o f h is proper

,

t i es t o a Syn di c a t e a n d t h e di s p e r s i o n o f h i s en o rmous
,

es t a bl i s h men t o f fo ll o w er s, ma le a n d f ema le Th ei r depar

.

t ure ha s been t h e s i gn a l fo r t he e rec t i o n o f J ut e M ill s and

t h e c o n s tr uc t i o n o f t he en o r mo us Ti d a l D oc k s an d thei r

c o n n ec t ed w h a rv es a n d w o rk s ,
w i t h t he r es ult t h a t a com

p l et e t r a n s fo r ma t i o n h a s t a k en pl a c e i n t he a s p ec t o f Kid
de rpo re a n d th e upp er e n d o f G a rd en R ea ch a n d t he memo
,

rie s o f t he pa s t h a v e been a l t og et he r o bli t e ra t ed .

 C H AP TE R I I .

H I S TO R I C H O U S E S AN D FAM O U S L O C A L I TI E S .

t
w el e s t r h r o ug h h
t e bes t y ea r s o f h i s l ife . H e i s s o o cc u

pi ed w i t h t he a ma s s i ng o f mo n ey s o eng ro s sed by his

,

pro fes s i o n a n d h is pl ea s ures t h a t he c a s t s ha rdly a t h o ugh t

,

be nhi d hi m . T oo li t t l e h o n o u r i s p a id by t h e C a l
out t a o f t o da y t o t he C a l c utt a o f t h e p a s t
- An d ye t th ere
.

is ma n y a s p o t h a ll ow ed by c l a s s i c a s so c i a t i on s a n d ri c h
,

w ith memo ri es o f H a s ti n gs a n d F r a n c i s Cli ve a n d W a t s on

, ,

a n d ev en o f J o b Ch a r n oc k hi ms el f , c on di t or urbi s . The
fa ult is n o t s o muc h p erh a p s w i t h t he s o j o ur n er w ithi n
, ,

the w a ll s , a s w i t h th o s e w h o s i t i n a uth o rity o v er h i m .

In L o n d o n a n d i n mo s t o f t he l a rge to w n s i n E n gl a n d a ,

t err a c o t t a med a lli o n i n fo r m s t h e p a s s er by th a t t he q ui et

- -

un pr eten ti o us h o use o n his ri gh t h a n d o r o n h is l eft w a s ,

onc e the a bo d e o f M ilt o n , o r F ra n kli n , o r Rey n o ld s a n d a ,

w h o l e h o s t o f th o u ht s a n d fa n cie s i s a t o n c e a w a k en ed
g .

U n til a y ea r ag o t h e a d o p t i o n o f a s i mil a r met ho d o f co m

memo ra t i o n w a s un t ho ug ht o f in mo d er n C a l c utt a a n d th e
v i s i t o r w a s le ft t o ma k e h is s en t i men t a l j o ur n ey un a s s i s ted

a nd un i n fo r med To d a y he ma y di s c er n a s h e dri v es
.
-
,

o r w a lks th ro u h t he s treet s
g ,
t h a t m a n y a h o u s e s t a n d s

di s tingui s h ed by a mura l t a bl et i n s c ri bed w ith t he n a me of

t he occupa n t th a t ha s ma d e i t fa mo us . L o rd C urz o n ha s
280 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW

n ev e r c o n c ea e l d h is
i n ter es t i n t h e bygo n e a s s o c i a t i o n s
o f t h e hi s t o ri c c a pi t a l o f B ri t i s h I n di a : a n d i f t h e s i n o f

o mi s s i o n m a i t hi r p t b l r l id t t h d r
y n s e s ec e n o o n g e a a e o o

o f t h e Ci t y o f P a l a c es it i s t o t he l a t e V ic ero v t h a t h e r
,

a c k n o w l ed m en ts a re d ue M d r C l u t t li v es a nd
g o e n. a c a

t hri ve s up o n t he l a bo ur s o f t h e ill us t ri o us d ea d a n d i t b e ,

h o v es h er t o fr a n kly a c k n o w l ed ge t he d ebt s he o w e s t o
t h e r a c e o f E n g li s h me n w h o h a v e g o n e befo re a n d t o d i s ,

c a rd t h e ma g n i fi c en t ly s el fi s h p o li c y o f o bli t er a t i n g e v e ry

r ec o rd o f t he g rea t g r a v e y a rd o f t he p a s t
-
.

Let us beg i n pilg ri ma ge by en t eri n g C h o w ri n g h ee

o ur

R o a d fro m t he s o ut h w h e re i t meet s t he L o w er Ci rc ul a r

Roa d . W e a re n o w o n t h e m a i n t h o ro ug h fa r e f ro m
C h it po re t o t h e f a mo us s hri n e a t K a l ig h a t a n d t h e n a m e
o f C ho w rin g he e i s a t t a c h ed o n ly t o t h a t p o r t io n a m i le ,

a n d fi ve f url o n g s i n l en g t h w hi c h ex te n d s fr o m t h e j un c t i o n
,

m a d e w i t h Circ ul a r R o a d t o D h urrum t oll a h Th e ro a d

.

t o C ho w ri n g h ee h as a l w a y s bee n a pro mi n en t l a n d m a rk
o f C a l c ut t a a n d i n t h e d a y s o f H o l w ell w e fi n d m en t i o n
,

m a d e o f it a s t h e r o a d l ea di n g t o C o lleg o t So m e .

d eri v e t he n a me C h o w ri n ghe e w hi c h a pp ea r s i n ea rly t e

,
”
c o rd s a s C hera n g i fr o m t he l egen d o f K a li s o ri g i n by
,
’

bei n g c ut up w i t h V i s h n u s di s c B ut t h ere i s a s i m pl e r
’
.

a l t er n a t i v e ,a lre a dy i n di c a t ed i n t h es e p a g es t o ho l d t h a t
,

t he n a me i n Hi n d us t a n i s i g n i fi es The S q ua r e Ac c o rd .

i n g t o t he o ld ma p s C h o w rin g hee is a l oc a li t y
, n ot a ,

roa d .

In C o l o n el M a rk W o o d s m a p o f 1 784 w hi c h w a s re
’

p ubli s h ed in 1 7 92 t hi s is m a d e q ui t e pl a i n by t h e m a rki n g
,

o f t h a t p a r t o f t h e e x i s t i n g C h o w ri n g hee R o a d fr o m D h ur
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

1 826 . S he w a s th en ba rely s even teen a n d fo r ma ny ,

y ea r s s he c on t i n ued to be t h e id o l o f t he t h ea tr e going -

p u bli c .I n t he ea rly mo r n i n g o f t he l a s t d a y o f M a y, 1 839 ,

t he Cho w rin g hee Th ea t re w a s de s t ro ye d by fi re The .

w oo d en d o me bl a zed fi ercely a n d t he g l a r e o f t h e c o n fla
,

ra t io n w a s s een i n t he r emo t es t p a rt s o f t h e t o w n I
'

n
g .

a n h o ur t he en ti r e buildi n g w a s gutt ed I t w a s n ot rebuilt . ,

a n d t h e s it e i s n o w oc c up i ed by a h o us e w hi c h w a s on ce

t he res ide n c e o f S i r W illi a m M a rk by a j ud ge o f th e H igh ,

C o urt fro m 1 866 t o 1 87 7 a n d is no w a boa rdi n g es t a bli s h

,

The n ex t t ur n i n g t o t he ea s t bey o n d Th ea tre R o a d is

H a ri n g to n S tree t ,
na med
ft er J o h n H erbert H a ri ng t on
a ,

o n c e a J ud ge o f t he S udd e r Ad a w l ut a n d l a t e r a m ember ,

o f t h e S up re me C o un c il w ho w a s a pro m i n en t r es i d en t in
,

t he l oc a li t y in t he t w en t i es At N o 4 i n t he s tr eet li ved
. .
,
,

S ir R i c h a rd G a r t h Chie f J us t i c e o f Be n ga l fro m 1 87 5 to
,

1 886 . N o 3 w a s t he res id en c e o f H ebe r a ft er hi s s ho rt

.
, ,

s t a y i n t he G o v er n o r s H o us e i n Fo rt W illi a m n o w s ed
( u
’

a s t h e O utra m I n s t i t ute
) H e h a d b.ee n c a re f ul b e fore

l ea v i n g E n gl a n d t o o bt a i n t he pr o mi s e o f a free res i d enc e ,

but did n o t lik e t hi s h o us e i n H a ri ng t o n S treet I t w as .

t oo s ma ll fo r h i s fa mily a nd h is boo k s a n d t oo fa r from ,

Imp ey s o ld
’ ’
S t J o h n s C a thed r a l a n d t he F ree Sc h o o l
. .

h o us e in P a rk S t reet pl ea sed hi m a s lit t le : a n d a p a l a ce

w a s fi n a lly pro v id ed a t N o 5 R us s el l S t reet w hic h w e
.
, ,

s h a ll pr es en tly en c o un t er a s w e c o n ti n ue o ur s urv ey .

Th er e a re tw o ho us es in C h o w ringh ee betw een H a ri ng

t on S t reet a nd M id dlet o n S tr eet , t he ne x t
t urn i n g t o t he
ea s t . At N o. 43, li ved S ir C o me r Pet hera m Chi ef J us t ic e ,
 ms ro mc HO U S E S A N D FAM O U S L O CA L ITIE S . 283

o f B en ga l fro m 1 886 t o 1 896 , a nd t he ho us e

t d oo r n ex

( N .o 4 2) w a s t he r es id en c e i n t h e s i x t i es o f S i r J o s e p h
F a y rer t h en pro fe s so r o f s urge ry a t t he Medi c al Co ll ege
,

H o s pit a l Adj o i n i n g is t h e C a l c ut t a h o us e o f t h e M a h a
.

ra j a h o f D urbh un g a w hi c h is n umbe r ed a s t h e fi r s t h o us e

i n M id dl et o n S t re et At t h e o p po s i t e c o r n er is t he im p o s i n g
.

p i l e o f t h e A r m y a n d N a v y S t o r es T. h e s t r a n g e r m a y
w e l l be fo rg i v en i f he mi s t a kes i t fo r t h e U n i v er s i t y o r

t h e o ffi c es o f so me Go ve r n men t D ep a rt men t : but i f h e

w i ll s n a t ch a mo m en t t o g l a n c e a t t he c ri m s o n p a v ili on s

w h i c h l ie t o t h e s o ut h w es t o f t h e C a t h ed r a l i n Ci rc ul a r
-

R o a d he w i ll sp eedi ly a ppr ec i a t e t he ma n n e r i n w hi c h t h e
,

e s t h et i c s en s e o f t he P ubli c W o rk s D ep a r t m en t ex p r es ses

i t s e l f un d er s t ereo t y ped o fiic ia l fo r m ul ae Th e n a me s o f

.

M iddlet on S treet a n d M i ddlet o n R ow ( t he l a t t er lyi n g fur

t h e r t o t he ea s t a n d a ppro a c h ed fro m P a rk S t re et ) a re ,

a t t ri d
but e by s o e t m o D r T h o m a s. F a n s h a w M iddl et o n t h e ,

fi r s t B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a ( 1 81 4 t o but i t i s a q ue s .

t i o n w h eth er t h ey do n o t c o mmembra te a l oc a l c el ebri t y

o f m uc h l es s e r r a n k M r S a muel M iddl et o n w a s a me m
. .

ber o f t he Ci v il S erv i c e w h o o w n ed c o n s id era bl e pro p ert y i n

t he n ei g h bo urh oo d a n d w ho fl o uri s h ed in t h e t i m e o f C o r n

w a lli s a n d W ell es le y He a c t ed fo r a t i m e a s P o li c e
.

M ag i s t r a t e a n d fi gur es i n t he C a lc utta Ga z et t e o f D ec em
b er 6t h ,
1 792 up o n a ppo i n t men t a s
,
C o m mi s s i o n e r i n
t h e S un derba n ds fo r s uppr es s i n g d epr ed a t i o n o f d a c o i t s ,

i n t he roo m o f M r VV ill ra m Hy n d ma n d ec ea s ed M iddl e

' '

.
, .

t on S t reet is n o t ma rk ed i n C o l o n e l M a rk W oo d s ma
’

p
o f 1 784 : but it a p pea r s a l o n g w i t h H a ri n t o n S t reet i
, g n ,

U pj o h n s ma p o f 1 794 a l t h o ugh n ei t h er a re di s t i n g ui s hed

’

by a ny n a me .
284 CA L C U TTA OLD AN D N EW .

C o n t i n ui n g l a o ngC ho w ri n g hee w e p a s s n umb e rs 37

,

a n d 36 in t h e o rd er n a med t he l a t t er a s s o c i a t ed w i th t h e
,

n a me o f S i r A r t h ur M a c phe r s o n J ud e o f t h e Hi h C o urt
g , g
f ro m 1 865 t o 1 87 7 a n d t h e fo r me r w i t h t h a t o f S i r J a m e s
,

Fi t z J a mes S t eph en La w M ember o f C o un c il f ro m 1 86 9

-
,

t o 1 87 2 .A li tt l e f ur t h er o n w e fi n d o ur s el v es a t t h e
,

B en g a l Cl ub H o us e ( N o .w h e r e a t a b l et a t t h e g a t e

i n fo r ms us t h a t t he h o us e w a s o n c e t h e re s id en c e o f
Th o ma s B a bi n g t o n M a c a ul a y La w ,
M e mber o f t h e
S upre me C o un c il fr o m 1 834 t o 1 838 O n t h e F rid a y o f
.

ev e ry w ee k S ir G eo rg e Tr ev ely a n i n t h e li fe o f h is un c l e
,

t ell s us a c h o s en few w o uld meet r o un d M a ca ul a y s b r ea k

’

f as t t a bl e a n d s it fa r o n w a rd s t o w a rd s n o o n un t il a n .

un ea s y s en s e o f a c c umul a t i ng d es p a t c h bo x e s dr o ve t h e m -

o n e by o n e t o t h ei r r es p ec t i v e o ffi c es Th e r e w a s muc h
.

t o a rg ue i n th o s e d a y s W he n di s c us s i o n h a d been ex
.

h a us t ed o f t he pro g r es s w hi c h t he L a w C o mmi s s i o n h a d
ma d e in i t s l a bo ur s t h ere a l w a y s r ema i n ed ma t e ri a l fo r
,

d eba te i n t he pro s a n d c o n s o f t h e g rea t ed uc a t i o n c a m

a i w hi h w t d id w h t h r t h E t r n mi n d w a s
p g n c a s o ec e e e e a s e

t o fi n d e ma n c i p a t i o n by t h e w ell w o r n hi g h ro a d o f A r a b i c

a n d S a n s kri t l ea r n i n r t h u t ri d v en ue o f E n li h
g o e n e a g s

i n s tr uc ti o n The d ue l bet w een t he O ri en t a li s t s a n d t h e

.

O c c id en t a li s t s w a s fo ug h t w i t h much bi t t er n es s H en ry .

Th o by P ri n s ep t h e eld e r a n d M a c a ul a y
“

,
but t ed o n e
,

a n o t h er l ik e t w o bull s but M a c a ul a y c a rri ed t h e d a y ,

a n d t i me h a s s h o w n bo t h h is w i s d o m a n d h i s f o r es i g ht .

A t t h e ba c k of l Cl ub H o us e r un s R us s ell
t he B en g a

S t reet s o n a med a f t er S i r H en ry R us s ell Chi e f J us t i c e

'

, ,

o f t h e S upr eme C o ur t f ro m 1 806 t o 1 81 3 w h o b uil t t h e ,

fi r s t h o use in t h e s t reet i n t he c l o s i n g y ea r s o f t h e e i g h t
288 CA C L U TTA OLD Ax n x sw .

i mp o r t ed s o me a c t o r s fr o m E n gl a n d O n e o f t hem a .
,

M r B a rry ha d a c a pri c i o us v o i c e w hi c h w a s g i v en to
.
,
.

d ese r t i ng h im a t t he c ri t i c a l mo m en t a n d reduc i n g him to

t h e n ec es s i t y o f w i n di n g up i n dumbs h o w Am o ng the .

l ea d er s w e h ea r o f a M rs D ea c le w ho ha d a s Miss .
, ,

D a rli n g ma d e a, g go r eo u s Cl eo p a t r a a t t h e A d el p hi
i n L o n d o n a n d a cc o rd i n g t o S t o c q ueler
, h a d n o t h er de ,

v o t io n t o B a c c h us i n te rf er ed w i t h h e r a t t en t i o n t o t h e rites

o f Th a li a a n d M elpo m en e s h e m i h t h a v e been v a l ua ble

”
g , .

Th ere w a s al s o M i s s C o w le y reg a rdi n g w h o m M i s s Eden

,

a f t e r a n i ht a t t he pl a y r i n he r L e tt ers ro m I ndia
g w o t e , f ,

A li t t le M i s s C — is o n e o f t he bes t c o mi c a c t r es se s I have
”
s een a n d h a d g rea t s uc c es s
, S h e is v ery ug ly. The .

c a t a s t r o ph e w h i c h c o s t M rs L ea c h her li fe oc c urred on
.

t h e 2n d N o v em be r 1 843 ,
M r J a mes V i n i n g a n a c t or of
. .
,

E n g li s h r ep ut a t i o n h a d ma d e h i s fi r s t a ppe a r a n c e in I ndi a
,

a s S hyl o c k t o a n o v erfl o w i n g ho us e : a n d t he a f t e rpi ece

w a s a f a rc e i n w hi c h M rs Lea c h w a s pl a yi n g
. As she .

s too d w a i t i n fo r h er c ue a t t h e uppe r ri g h t h a n d e n t r a nce

g
t o t h e s t a g e he r dr es s c a ug h t fi re fr o m a n O i l l a m p one
,
-
,

o f a ro w pl a c ed o n t he fl o o r S he r us h ed o n t h e s t age .

c a ll i n g fo r h elp j us t a s t h e a udi en c e h a d a ri s en i n the

r ea t es t e x c i t emen t un d er t he i mpr es s i o n t h a t t h e h o use

g
w a s o n fi re She w a s i n s t a n t ly t h ro w n d o w n a n d the
.

fl a m es ex t i n g ui s h ed but n o t befo re s he ha d bee n s ev erely

,

He r r es id en c e n o w t h e A rc h bi s h o p s P al a ce
’
bur n t .
, ,

a dj o i n e d t he Th ea tre a n d s h e w a s c a rri ed t h er e w i thout

,

d el a y but t he s h oc k ha d bee n t oo g rea t a n d a f ter r a llyi ng

o nc e o r tw c e i s he di e d o n N o v e m b e r 1 8 t h a t t h e a g e of ,

34 . Her g a v er i n t he m ili t a ry ce m e t e ry a t B h o w a n ip o re

h a s been l eve ll ed but a t a bl e t o t

,
t h e m e m o ry o f a n i f
n a nt
 HI S TO R IC HO U S E S AN D FA M O U S L O C A L IT I E S . 289

d a ug h ter w ho di ed i n 1 828 ma y be s een p re s erved in a ,

s q ua re O f ma s o n ry A ft er he r d e a t h t he th ea t re w a s
.
,

l ea s ed o ut t o a F ren c h c o mpa n y b ut t h e d a y s o f t he S a n s
S o uc i w e r e n umbe red It w a s s old i n t he y ea r 1 844 t o
.

A rc h b i s h o p C a rew a n d en t ered upo n a n ew c a r eer a s S t

, .

J o h n s a n d s ubs eq uen t ly St X a v i er s C o ll ege Th e re

’
, ,
.
’
.

h a v e been c o n s ide r a bl e a dditi on s a n d a l t er a t i o n s in t he

bui ld i n g s but t he h a n d s o me p o rt i c o a n d fi n e fl i ght O f s t ep s
a re s t ill i n ex i s t e n c e .

The di s t ri c t bo un ded by P a rk S t ree t Circ ul a r R o a d , ,

Th ea t re R o a d a n d C ho w ri n ghee w a s k n o w n in fo r mer ,

d a y s ( a s a g l a n c e a t U pj o h n s ma p w ill remi n d us) a s D hee

’

B i rj ee a ,
n a m e s t ill r ec a ll ed by t he B i rj ee T a l a o t he t a n k ,

t o t h e s o ut h o f t h e C a t h edr a l A n umber o f s tr eet s i n t he

.

l o c a li t y a re id en t i fi ed w ith emin en t n a me s L oudo un S treet .

,

h i h h o uld no t be d epri ve d O f i t s s ec o n d u R a w do n
( w c S

S t ree t Hun g erfo rd S treet M o ira S t reet a t t empt t o e x

, , ,

h a us t t he v a ri o us t i t l es en j oy ed by t he M a rq ues s o f H a s t
i n g s Go ve rn o r Gen era l a t t he t i me o f th ei r c o n s t r uc t i o n
,
-

i n 1 820 a n d h i s w i fe w ho w a s C o un te s s O f L o ud o un in he r
,

o w n ri g ht R o bis o n S treet p er s i s t en t ly m is s pelt

.
, R o bi n -

so n St r eet i s n a med a ft er Ch a rl es K n o w l es R o bi s o n
, ,

Po l i c e M a g i s t r a te o f C a l c utt a in t he fo rt ies a nd a rc hi t ec t ,

o f t h e M e t c a l fe H a ll a n d o th er u b li b u il d i
p c n g s .

C a ma c S t reet r t he s fro m P a rk S t reet t o L o w er

st e c

Ci rc ul a r R o a d I t s n a me is d eri v ed fro m W illi a m C a ma c

.
,

a s en i o r me r c h a n t o f t he da y s o f Co r n w a lli s an d W ell es l ey
,

w ho o w n ed a l a rg e n umbe r O f h o us es in t he l oc a li t y a c en

t ury a n d a q ua rt e r a g o In t he C a lc utta Ga z et t e o f M a rc h
.

6t h 1 7 88 h e a d ve rt i s es o n e o f t h em fo r s a l e i n t h e f o ll o w
, ,

19
290 CA L C UTTA O LD AN D n ew .

i n g t er ms Fo r l
sa e, tha t s ma ll upp er r oo me d g a rd en -

h o us e w i t h a bo ut fi ve bigg a h s o f l a n d o n t he ro a d l ea d i ng ,

fr o m C ho w rin g hee t o t he buria l g r o un d w hi c h fo r m e rly -

,

bel o n g ed t o t he M o r a v i a n s It is v ery pri v a t e fr o m t he

.

n umbe r O f t r ees o n t he r u d d h i l t ly r i d
g o n a n a v n g
, a e ec e v e

c o n s id e r a bl e a ddi t i o n s a n d r ep a i r s i s w ell a d a p t e d fo r a ,

bl a c k fa mily .W illi a m C a rn a c a c c o rdi ng t o t h e D i rec

’

t o ry o f 1 785 w a s j ud ge o f Tipp er a h a n d s ubs e q uen t l v o f

,

D acca . Th e n a m e o f C a ma c i s a w ell k n o w n o n e m t he -

I n di a n Ci v il a n d M ili t a ry Se rv i c es M a j o r J a co b C a rn a c .

d e fea t ed S c in d ia i n 1 781 a n d re t i red i n t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r

w i t h t h e r a n k o f C o l o n el M a lles o n G leig Tr o t te r a n d
.
, ,

F o rr es t i n t h ei r li v es o f W a rr en H a s t i n g s a ll m a k e m e n
, ,

t i o n o f h i s e x p l o i t b ut mo r e t h a n o ne o f t h em d o h i m a n
,

i n j us t i c e in t he ma t t e r o f h is n a me a n d rec o rd i t a s
”
C a rn a c . B urges C a ma c w a s a id e de c a mp t o L o rd - -

W elles ley in 1 804 a n d i n D o d w ell a n d M il es m a y be s een

,

t h e n a mes o f t w o o t he r C a ma c s G eo rge a n d T urn e r ,

.

C a ma c S t r eet is k n o w n t o t h e n a t i v es a s D un ca n bus t ee
k a ra s t a t h e ro a d O f D un c a n s bus t ee I t h a s n o e x is
’
-
.
,

t e n ce i n VV OO d s m a p o f 1 784 an d a l t h o ug h i t i s S h o w n i n
’

L pj o h n s m a p it bea r s n o n a me S i n c e t he d emo li t i o n o f
' ’
.
,

t h e bus t ees i n Th ea t r e r o a d w i t hi n t h e l a s t few y ea r s i t h a s

-
,

bec o me o ne o f t he pl ea s a n t es t s t r eet s in t h e E n g li s h

q u a r t e r.

Wo o d S t reet is r M r H en ry W o od w ho o n
na med a ft e .
,

t he 1 3t h J uly 1 848 b r o u h t t o t he n o t i c e o f th e Lo t t er
, g , y
C o m mi t t ee t h e i n a d eq ua t e ma n n e r i n w hi c h t h e es t a b li s h

men t en te r t a i ne d fo r t he p urpo s e pe rfo r ms i t s d ut y in

r e mo v h
i g t e l th
n fi — a c o m pl a i n t w hi c h h a s l o s t li t tl e o f
292 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

w as repr es en t ed t o t he J ud ges t h a t N unc o ma r w a s a

p ers o n O f v ery hi g h r a n k a n d O f t he c a s t o f B r a hm i n s
a n d o ug h t n o t t o be c o n fi n ed i n t h e c o m mo n j a il VV h e re .

up o n th e i r L o rd s hip s w a ited up o n t h e Chie f J us t i c e t o ,

t a k e t h e be n e fi t o f h is a d v i c e w i t h t h e r es ul t t h a t t he
,

fo ll o w i n g mi s s i ve w a s d es p a t c hed t o M r S a muel To l f rey . ,

t h e U n d e r -
S h e ri ff U p o n c o n s u lta t i o n w i t h t h e L o r d
Chi ef J us t i c e w e a re a ll c l ea rly o f o p in i o n t h a t t he S heri ff
,

o ug ht t o c o n fi n e h is pri s o n er i n t h e c o m mo n j a i l upo n t h i s

— ”
o c ca s ion . S C Le M a i s t re
. . An d N un c o ma r w a s c o m
.

m itt ed a c c o rdi n g ly t o t h e C o un t ry J a il w hi c h w e n a me
t o da y t e
- h Pr es id e n c y J a il an d w hi c
, h s t o o d t h en a s i t d oes
n o w t o t h e s o ut h o f t h e M a id a n The li fe O f Le M a i s t re
.

i n C a lc ut t a w a s a s ho r t o n e but he s eems t o h a v e m a d e,

t h e m o s t o f i t. H e w a s a g rea t c a r d pl a y e r a n d
-
b o n v i v a n t '
.

” »
Le M a is t re e t u k p s l a u g hi n g f o r t w o h o u r s i s t h e p ic ,

t r ue d r a w n o f h i m by a c o n t empo r a ry Th es e l a w y ers a re
.

a l w a y s i n c o ur t di s p ut e c o n ten t i o n c a v il upo n t he mos t

, , , ,

o rdi n a ry t o pi c s . B efo re c o mi n g t o I n di a h e h a d bee n ,

rec o rd er o f R oc h es t e r a n d th er e w ere t h o s e w ho s a id he
,

o w ed h i s j ud g e s hip t o t h e f a c t o f h i s be i n a pr t é é f t h
g o g o e

n o t o ri o us Lo rd S a n d w i c h A n o t he r buildi n g in F ree Sc h o o l
.

S t reet p o s s es s es h i s t o ri c a l a s s o c i a t i o n s i f t r a di ti o n i s
,

t o be beli ev ed . Th a c k e ra y t he n o v eli s t is p o p ul a rly s up

, ,

p o s ed t o h a v e been bo rn o n J uly 1 8t h 1 81 1 in t he h o us e , ,

n o w n umbered 39 a n d oc c upi ed by t h e A r me n i a n C o l l e e
g
( no t C o n v en t ,a s so m a n y w ri t e r s a s s er t
) H i s f a t h e r.
.

R i c h mo n d Th a c ke r a y w a s a t t h e t i me S ec reta ry t o t h e
,

B o a rd O f R eve n ue but w a s s ix mo n th s l a t er a ppo i n t ed

,

C o ll ec t o r o f t he 24 P erg un n a h s a n d w h en w e c o me t o pa y
-
,

o ur v i s i t t o A lip o r e w e S h a ll fi n d h i s n a me pr o m i nen t l y
,
 HI S TO R IC HO USES AN D F AM O U S L O C A L I TIE S . 293

a te d w i th t h e h o us e w hi c h h a d been The L od g e o f
F ra n ci s .

L a n e, t ur n i n g o ut o f F ree S c h oo l S t reet , p re
’
t s a
”
t he me mo ry of free merc h a n t
M r M o t t e,
. a ,

n a me O f t en o c c ur s i n t h e pri v a t e c o rr es p o n de n c e o f

Ig s I n 1 7 66 h e un d er t oo k a j o ur n ey t o t he di a mo n d
.
,

i n O ri s s a by di rec t i o n o f Cli v e a n d w r o t e a n a c c o un t
He a ft erw a rd s li v ed a t Ben a r es a n d mo v ed t hen c e
n s ura h w h er e t h e H a s t i n g s us ed fre q uen t ly t o v i s i t
,

I d his w ife w h o i s co n s t a n t ly a ll ud ed t o a s
,
B i bby
m t he G o ve r n o r G en er a l s le t t er s t o h is d ea r es t ’
-

n . F o r s o me t i me h e h eld a po li c e a pp o i n t me n t i n
t a but s ee ms ab o ut 1 781 t o h a ve f a lle n i n t o fi n a n c i a l
,

lt ie s if w e ma y j ud g e fr o m a n a d v er t i s e me n t w hi c h
,

S i n t h e G a z et t e o f t h a t y ea r c al li n g a m eet i n g o f
'

'

edi t o r s A mo n g t he Imp ey ma n us c rip t s i n t he

.

1 M us eum ( s a y s D r B us t eed ) t h er e is a pe t i .
,

o m M r M o t t e w rit t en fr o m t he C a l c ut t a J a i l i n 1 7 83
.
,

:h h e beg s t h a t h i s c r edi t o r s w ill a s s en t t o h i s r el ea s e

tri s o n o n t he s c o re o f h um a n i t y M rs M o t te a ec o m . .

M rs H a s ti n gs t o E n g l a n d i n 1 784
. Th e w h o l e .

”
is en g a g ed in a die us w ri t e s t h e a ut h o r o f H a rt ly
,

a n d M rs H w ill be a c c o m p a n i ed t o E n g l a n d
.

f rs M
. . w ho h a s been pres en t ed w i t h 500 g o ld

s ( a t h o us a n d n r et ur n fo r h e r c o mpl a i s a nc e
u d ) i
'

p o n s

s in
g t h e v o y a g e w i t h h er T w o bl a c k g irl s a n d .a ,

d a re M rs
’
S a t t en d a n t s : a n d t he s t a t e c a bi n
'

.
,

lun dh o us e w ill be en t i r ely d ev o t ed t o h er us e .

ds S t reet co mme n c es fro m 4 1 , F ree S c h oo l S t r eet ,

Oc eed s fa r E lli o t R o a d It is , rdi n g to
'

as as . ac co
29 4 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

us a ge , s p el t R o yd S t reet w i t h o ut t he fi n al l et t e r t o t he

pr o p er n a me but i n c o rrec t ly s o ,
fo r it i s ll ed i n
ca h o n o ur
o f a fo r me r r es ide n t i n t h e q ua rt er ,
Si r J ohn R o yd s , p ui s ne

j udg e o f t he S upr eme C o urt fro m 1 787 t o 1 81 6 . S ir J a mes

W a t s o n h is pred ec es s o r h eld
, , ly fr o m b i a rch
o ffic e on

1 s t t o M a y 2n d 1 7 96 but h e w a s mo r e fo rt un a t e His
“

.
,

h o us e is s a id t o h a ve s t oo d o n t he s i t e o f w h a t i s n o w t he
D o v et o n C o ll eg e He di ed in 1 81 6 a t t he a ge o f 65 a n d
.
, ,

li es buri ed i n t he S o ut h P a rk S t reet buri a l g ro un d T he

-
.

t o mbs t o n e up o n h i s g r a v e r ec o rd s t h a t h e c o n s c i e n t i o us l y
d i s c h a rg ed h is i mp o rt a n t d ut ies w i t h h o n o ur t o hi ms el f a n d
w i t h a d v a n t a g e t o t h e p ubli c w hil e he ben efi t ed a n d a d
,

v a n c ed t h e s oc i et y i n w hi c h h e li v ed by t h e ben ev o l en c e o f

h is di s p o s i t i o n a n d t h e a c c o mpli s h men t s o f a s c h o l a r a n d
a g en t l e ma n .He ma y be c r edi t ed w i t h pres idi n g a t o n e
o f t he s h o r t es t s es s i o n s o n rec o rd in C a l c ut t a O n t he 9 th .

J un e 1 804 be he ld t he fi r s t s es s i o n o f O yer a n d Te r m i n e r
, ,

a n d G en e r a l G a o l d eli ve ry a n d di s p o s e d o f t h e c a s e s i n

t h e c a l en d a r w hi c h w e re o n ly t w o i n n umbe r a t a s i n l e
, g ,

s i t t i ng. In a r ep o r t o f t he proc eedi n g s p ubli s h ed in t he ,

C a lc ut t a G a z et t e o f J un e 2l s t 1 804 His Lo rd s hip in h i s

, ,

c h a rg e t o t he J ury i s rep o r t ed t o h a ve p a id a hi g h c o m
,

p l i m e n t to t h
“
e s y s t e m a n d e n e r gy O f t h e w e ll r eg u l a t ed -

”
p o li c e w hi c h w e en j o y i n t hi s s et t le men t Appr o pri a t e l y
.

en o ugh ,
t h e s t r eet i n t o w hi c h R o yd s S t r eet l ea d s t o t h e

ea s t r eca ll s t h e me mo ry o f t h e ma n t o w h o m C a l c ut t a o w e d

i t t h a t t h e c o m pli me n t s o p a id w a s n o t idl e o r un m ea n i n g .

E lli o t R o a d is na med
f ter J o h n E lli o t O f t he B en ga l C iv ii
a

S erv i c e w h o w a s i n t h e e a rly y ea r s O f t he l a s t c en t ury

, , ,

Pr es id en t o f t he B o a rd s o f P o li c e a n d C o n s erv a n c y i n C a l
296 C A L C U rrA O L D AN D N Ew
' '
.

R i po n S t reet , R ipon L a n e , M a rq ui s S t reet , a nd Mar

q ui s L a n e. w hi c h a re i i i t y a re n a med
i n t h e i mmedi a t e v c n ,

a ft e r t he V i c er o y w ho o v er n ed I n di a fro m 1 880 t o 1 884

g ,

a n d w h o i s n o w ( 1 906) a me mbe r O f S i r H e n ry C a m p be l l

B a n n e r ma n s go v er n me n t Th ei r ea rli e r n a mes w e r e les s

’
.

’
e uph o n i o us : S o ut h C o l i n g a S t r eet A n i s B a rbe r s L a n e
, ,

J o ra t a l a o L a n e ( fr o m t w i n t a n k s w hi c h
-
o n c e s t o o d i n t h e

n ei g h bo urh o o d ) a n d M i s s er Kh a n s a ma h s La n e W e ma y ’
.

feel s urpri s ed a t t he e a rly n a mi n g O f t h es e s t r eet s a ft e r i n

s i g n i fi ca n t p er s o n s B ut a t t he t i me t h e a pp ell a t i o n s
.

w er e bes t o w ed ,
t h e s t r eet s w e re no be t t e r t h a n n a r ro w

g u lli e s , a n d ba r b e r s kh a ,
n s a m a h s d u f t r i es t a il
,
o r s
( o s t a ,

g u r s
),
an d c a rp e n t e r s w e r e t h e pri n c ip a l r e s id en t s A f e w .

o f t h e O ld n a mes s t ill s ur v i v e P a nc h ee D h o ba n y G ully

.

c o m memo r a t es a l a un dr es s Chid a m M udee s L a n e a

,
’

m G
’

g r oc e r , a n d S h a a B a i s u lly a d a n c i n g g irl : b u t i n

C o lin g a a n d t he E ur o p ea n q ua rter t h ey h a v e a ll b ut
v a n i s h ed . At N O 9 R ipo n S t reet r es ide d J o h n “ il l i a m
.
, ,
f

R i c k e tt s ( 1 79 1
“
t he E a s t I n di a n P a t ri o t w ho ,

f o un d ed t h e D o v et o n C o lleg e i n 1 823 un d er t he n a me o f t h e ,

P a ren t a l Ac a d emy a n d w a s de p uted i n 1 829 t o pr es en t t o

P a rli a men t a n ume r o us ly s i g n ed pet i t i o n o n beh a lf o f t h e
E a s t I n di a n c o mmun i t y He w a s ex a m i n e d a t t he ba r o f
.

t he H o us e O f L o rd s by t h e se l ec t C o mmi t t ee o n I n di a n

A ffa i r s : a n d a l s o by t he L o w er H o us e A n i mpo r t a n t .

re s ul t o f h is d ep ut a t i o n ma y be fo un d i n t he c l a us e i n t h e
Ch a r te r Ac t o f 1 833 w h ic h pr oc l a i med t h a t a l l pe r s o n s w i t h
,

o ut di s q ua li fi c a t i o n o f bi r t h o r c o l o ur w er e eli g i bl e fo r c i v il
,

a n d m ili t a ry e m pl o y men t un d er t h e g o v e r n men t o f I n di a .

R et ra c i n g o ur s t e ps up P a rk S t r eet , a nd re s erv i n g t he
 H I S TO R I C HO U S E S AN D FA M O U S L O C AL ITI E S . 29 7

D o v et o n C o llege a n d F ree M a s o n s H a l l fo r c o n s id er a ’

t i o n in a n o t he r c h a p t er w e fi n d o ur s el v es o n c e mo re
,

i n C ho w ri n g he e . Th e t a n k on th e m a id a n t o t he
s o ut h of t he O ut r a m S t a t ue ma y be n o ti c ed ln .

L pj o h n s ma p o f 1 794 it bea r s t he n a me o f t he “
' ’

, N ew
Ta n k D r S i mo n N i c o l s o n Lo rd D a lh o us i e s phy s i c i a n
’
. .
, ,

w ho fr o m 1 820 t o 1 855 en j oy ed un di s p uted ro e mi n e n c e

p
-

a s t he m o s t c el e br a t e d d oc t o r i n I n d i a li v ed i n t he build ,

i n g a t t h e c o r n er o f P a rk S t r eet a n d C ho w ri ng h ee w hi c h ,

un t il a few mo n t h s a g o w a s t he h o me o f t he U n i t ed S e rv i c e
C l ub : a n d t he a v en ue l ea di n g a c r o s s t he M a id a n p a s t
w h e r e t he M a y o S t a t ue n o w s t a n d s i s s a id t o h a v e be en
,

m a d e t o e n a bl e h i m t o h a ve di rec t a c c es s fro m C ho w ri n
g h e e t o G o v e r n m en t H o us e A p.o rtr a i t O f D r N ic o l s o n .

h a n g s i n t h e ro o ms o f th e A s i a t i c S oc i e t y a few p a c es a w a y .

A n o th e r res id en t o f C ho w ri n g h ee w e m a y s i n g le o ut fo r
m en t i o n i s S ir A r t h ur B ull er J ud ge o f t he S up re me C o urt
,

f r o m 1 854 t o 1 859 t he p upil o f C a r lyl e a n d br o t h e r o f t he

,

C h a rl es B ull er t o w h o s e ea rly d ea t h a n d l o ve a b l e c h a r a c t er
t h ere i s an a ffe c t i n g a ll us i o n in Th a c ke ra v s
'
D oc to r
”
B i rc h a n d h is y o un g f ri en d s a n d w h o m B ul w e r Ly t t o n
,

e ul o g i z es in h is p o em o f St S t eph e n s . Fa re w ell ,

fi n e h umo uri s t fi n e r rea s o n er s t ill Li ve ly a s Lut t re ll l og i

, , ,

c a l a s M ill . Th e mo t h e r O f t he B ull e r s w a s t h e d a ug h t e r
o f C o l o n el Ki rkp a t ri c k t he O rie n t a l is t a n d h a d ,

bee n t h e bell e o f C a l c ut t a o f a prev i o us g en e r a t io n E ve n .

s o c ri t i c a l a g e n i us a s J o h n L eyd e n m a d e h e r t h e t h e me o f

h is v e r s e a s befi t t ed o n e w h o w a s k n o w n o n t h e b a n k s o f
,

t h e H oo g hly a s Ti t a n i a a n d h a d bee n c o m p a red fo r h e r

,

s t a t ely bea ut y t o M a d a me R e c a m i er C a rlyl e fo und h e r i n

.

1 822 a g r a ce f ul a i ry a n d i n gen io us l v i n t el li g e n t p e rs o n o f
,
298 L
C A C UTTA O LD mm n ew .

t he g o s s a mer t yp e Ch a rl es B ulle r the el d er. w h o a pp

.

i n S a rl o r R es a rt a s a s Co un t Z fi hda rm a nd w i ll be
me m be r ed fo r h is q ui z z i c a l L a t i n epi t a p h w a s a C ,

s er v a n t d i h i h o us e i n Ch o w ri ng
'

p a n y s a n t,
w a s a t s

t h a t J a mes Ac hill es Ki rkp a t ri c k t he Hus h ma t J un ; ,

Hyd era ba d h i s to ry di ed in Oc t o ber 1 805

, ,
.

J us t b ey o n d D r . i c h o l s o n s fo r mer dw e ll
S i mo n N
’

a n d s ep a r a t i n fr m U i d S r i Cl ’

g i t o t h e n t e e v c e u b s ne w

i mpo s i n g ma n s i o n i s Ky d S treet w hi c h pro em it

, .

ea s t e rl y di r ec t i o n t o F r ee S c hoo l S t ree t D ur ing the .

c e n t ury i t w a s k n o w n a s C ho w ri ng h ee Ta n k S tre
“

a n d i t i s s o ma rk e d i n \ V o od s ma 7 T h
'

p o f 1 8 4 e 1 .

i t s e l f w ill be fo un d i n di c a t ed a s ea rly a s 1 7 42 in t he n
o f C a lc ut t a a n d i s n o w s i t ua t ed w i t hi n t he co mp o um
,

t he h o us e o f t he S upe ri n t e n d en t o f t he Sc h oo l o f A rt

t he n o r t h e r n s id e o f t he s t ree t w hi c h is k n o w n i n n a
.

”
I
“
p a rl a n c e a s J j i i l r S
'

a n r t a a o k a
-
a s t a
- -
o r i e v e
"
S t re e t . The s i g n i fic a n c e o f t he n a me w i ll be re a
a ppr ec i a t ed a ft e r a n i n s p ec t i o n o f t he w a t e r g a te w l -

ma y be s ee n fro m t he ro a d j us t bey o n d t he U n i wd Se t
Cl ub a n d w hi c h effec t ua lly p re ven ts t he en t e ri ng o f
t a n k bv t h o se w ho ma y c o me t o d r a w w a t er The mot .

d es i g n a t i o n bes t o w ed upo n t he s t reet c o mmemo ra te

w e ll k n o w n r es id e n t o f C a l c ut t a o f t he l a s t c en t ur —L
y
-

t e n a n t C o l o n el R o be r t Kyd M ili t a ry S ec re t a ry to t he
-
,

v e rn me n t o f Ben a l a d a di s t i n u i s h d b o ta i t Wh
g n , g e n s ,

s a i d t o h a v e li v ed i n t he h o use w e h a v e j us t a s s o c ia t ed 1

D r N ico l s o n
. He w a s ma in lv i n s t r ume n ta l in the es
.

Ii s h men t i n 1 787 o f t h e C a lc ut t a Bo t a n ica l ( l a l 1 ic

un t il h is d ea t h i n 1 7 9 3 he z ea l o us ly pe r fo rmed the ( it
,
 300 CA L C U TTA AN D N EW .

buil t i n 1 7 90 g r o un d s ex t e n d ed
a n d t he
t o Kyd S t r ee t i n ,

”
c l udi n g t he S iev e Ta n k w hi c h w e h a v e j us t bee n n o t ic
,

in g . I t w a s t h e s c en e o f a n ex c i t i n g oc c urr e n c e i n 1 7 98 ,

w h e n a y o un g S ikh w h o s e pe t i t i o n w a s re f us ed b y M r
,
.

S pe k e k ill ed o n e o f h is s er v a n t s a n d t o o k r e f ug e o n t he
,

roo f w h er e h e w a s fi n a lly s ho t d ea d b y a p a rt y o f s e po y s .

S ubs eq uen t ly i t w a s ren t ed by M r S pe k e t o G o v e r n m en t .

,

a n d w a s fo r s o me y ea r s us ed a s t h e S udd e r C o ur t
— a c ir

c um s t a n c e w hi c h r ea dily s ugg es t s t h e r ea s o n fo r i t s p r e s en t

a pp ell a t i o n F ro m t h e t i me h o w e ve r o f L o rd \V i ll i a m
.
, ,

B en t i n c k ( 1 828
'

t h e S udd er C o ur t s a t in t h e p r e se n t

M ili t a ry H o s pi t al a t B ho w a n ipo re : a n d i n l a t e y ea r s t he
buildi n g w a s ut ili s ed by t he B eng a l G o v er n me n t a s a S ec t e s

t a ri a t .

\V c pro a c h in g t h e q ua rte r o n c e k n o w n a s
a re no w ap
‘

Go li n g a The t a n k w hi c h s t a n d s o n t h e M a id a n o p p o s i t e
. .

M es s r s J o h n s t o n a n d Ho fi ma n n s pre mi s es w ill g i v e us
’
.
,

o ur c l ue : fo r i n L j o h n s m a 7 m d
'
’

p p o f 1 9 3 w e fi n d i t n a e ,

”
as C o l in g a Ta n k .

B ey o n d S udd er l ea d i n g t o t h e M un i c i pa l
S t r eet , a nd

M a rk et i s L in d s a y S t reet Th e e p o n y mo us h e ro o f t he .

S t r eet i s in a l l pr o ba bili t y t h e Ho n ble R o be rt Li n d s a y

’

v en t ur o us c a ree r i n t he C o m a n y s
( 7 h d ’
1 5 4 w o s e a p
s e rv i c e m a y be f o un d r el a t ed by hi ms el f i n t h e Li ve s o f
t he Li n d s a y s His h o us e in t h e l oc a li ty i n t h us a d ve rt i z ed
.

f o r s a l e i n t he C a lc ut ta Ga z et t e o f S ep t embe r 27 t h ,

1 804 Th e h o us e a t C ho w ri n g hee be l o n g i n g t o t h e
'

Ho n ble R o ber t Li n d s a y a t pr es en t oc c upied by \V ill i a m

’
~

T r o w er E s q o n l ea ve fo r t w e l v e mo n t h s f r o m t he 5th
,
.
,

”
J u ly l a st a t R s 2 50 a m, o n t h a n d t h e
. t a x es Li n d sa y .
 HIS TO R IC HO U S E S A N D FA M O U S L OC A L ITI E S 30k

w a s t he s ec o n d so n of t he fi ft h E a rl of B a l ca rres , a nd w a s

s en t o ut a s a ri t er t o I n di a by He n ry D un d a s L o rd Me l
w ,

v i ll e He l a n d ed i n C a l c ut t a in Sep tember 1 7 72 a n d
'

.
, ,

a f t e r S pe n di n g s o me yea r s a t D a c c a s uc c ee d ed W i lli a m
'

H o l l a n d a s C o ll ec to r o f S ylh et in 1 7 7 7 Th os e w e re ti mes .

w h e n t he C o mp a n y s s e rv a n t s did n o t li v e by t he b rea d
'

a l o n e O f t h e i r O lfi c ia l s a l a ri es The eld er W ill i a m M a k e

.

p e a c e T h a c k e r a y g ra n df
,
a t h e r O f t h e no v e li s t h a d b ee n ,

t h e fi r s t C o ll ec t o r o f S ylh e t a yea r o r t w o befo r e Li n d s a y s

' ’

a rri v a l . His c hi e f s o urc es o f i n c o me w er e t he des tr uc t i o n

o f t i g e r s a n d t he c a pt ure o f el eph a n t s : a n d h i s na me s ur

v i v e s t o t h is da s a mi h t y h un t e r I Li d y ’
y a g n n s a s d.a y
t he s upply o f el e ph a n t s fo r t he C o m p a n y s tr oo p s s t ill
’ ‘

yi e ld ed a g o o d pro fi t a n d t he ba g O f t i g ers w a s a s ple n t i

,

f ul fo r he w a s a ble t o a c c o un t fo r s i x t y o r s ev en t y y ea rly
. ,

upo n a ll o f w hi c h t he Go v e r n men t a ll o w ed li ber a l re w a rd s .

B ut he d e vi s ed o t he r meth o d s o f mo n ey ma ki n g i n a ddi t i o n .

Th r o w n o n h is o w n res o urc es he a s s umed by t urn s a s ,

.

c i r c um s t a n c e s mi n i s t er to o c c a s io n t he c h a r a c t er o f s o ldi e r
, ,

m a g i s t r a t e po li t i c a l ag en t el eph a n t c a t c h er t i ge r h un t e r
, ,
-
,
-
,

"
s hi p build e r li me ma n ufa c t ure r phy s i c i a n a n d s urgeo n
,
-
, .

The r e ven ue he fo un d w a s c o ll ec t ed in c o w ries

, , A fl eet .

o f a r m ed bo a t s w a s ma i nt a i n ed t o c o n v ey t he a n n ua l a c

c umul a t i o n o f 7 00 milli o n s O f t h e s e li t t l e s h ell s t o D a c ca

a t a l o s s O f n o l e s s t h a n t en p er c en t ex c l us i v e O f d epr e .

da t i o n s o n t he p a s s a ge d o w n Li n d s a y c o nc ei ved t he id ea
.

o f re mi t t i n g t he v a l ue O f t he c o w ri es i n li mes t o n e fo r w hi c h
,

be h el d t he c o n t r a c t a n d k ee pi n g t he r ev en ues o f S ylhe t
.

in p a y me n t It w a s s a y s S i r “f il l ia m H un t e r i n h is
'

.
,

Tha c kera y s i n I n d ia o n ly t h e un fo rt un a t e li mit t o t h e de

.

ma n d fo r mo rt a r i n C a l c ut t a t h a t p rev en t ed the w h o l e
302
3 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

l a n d t a x o f t he di s t ri c t fro m p a s s i n g i n t o h is po c k et s He .

a l s o c r ea t ed a s hip buildi n g t r a d e fr o m t h e t i mbe r O f the

S ylh et fo r es t s a f t er s o me C r us oe ex p eri e n c es o f b e i ng un
a bl e t o g et h i s c r a f t d o w n t he ri v e r o w i n g t o t h e i r l a rge

s iz e. He w ro t e a n a c c o un t o f h is e n t e rpri s e t o h is m o th er ,

La dy B a l c a rres . Y o ur t a l en t s i n t hi s li n e I do n o t dis
”
p ut e r epli ed t he C o un tes s
, , but I h a v e o n e fa v o ur t o a s k
o f y o u w hi c h i s t h a t y o u w ill n o t c o me ho me i n
, a s hi p
”
o f y o ur o w n buildi n g
' “
I i m pl i c i t ly fo ll o w ed h e r a d
v ic e a dd s t h e s a g a c i o us R o be r t . He l eft I n di a i n 1 787 ,

t h e p urc h a s e o f t h e ba r o n y O f Le uc h a r in F i fe h a v i ng

e s t a bli s h ed h i m a s a l a n d ed pro pri e t o r w h il e s t ill i n t h e C o m

p a n y s
’
s e r v i c e : a n d li v ed fo r n ea rly fi ft y y ea r s i n e n j oy

men t o f t h e l a rg e fo r t un e h e h a d a ma s s ed Tw o o f his
.

r a d s o n s S i r C o ut t s Li n d s a y a n d t h e l a te L o rd W a n t a ge
g n , ,

a re w ell k no w n t o t h e pre s en t g en e r a t i o n . He ma rri e d the

d a ug h t er o f S i r A l ex a nd e r D i c k i n 1 788 h a v i n g , a s he ,

s a id ,
ma rk ed h er fo r h i s o w n befo re h e w e n t to
I n di a .

In Li n d s a y S t reet is t he O p era H o us e a w oo de n bui ldi ng

,

w hi c h h a rdly c o me s up t o t h e ex p ec t a t i o n s c r ea t e d b i ts
y
t i t le
. It w as o n c e k n o w n a s t h e E n g li s h Th ea t re a n d i t w a s ,

h ere t h a t Ch a rl es M a th ew s o n N ew Ye a r s n i gh t 1 876 ’
. ,

pl a y ed t he pa rt o f Ad o n i s E ve rg reen i n h is o w n c o m edy ,

My A w ful D a d befo r e Ki n g E d w a rd t h e Sev en t h t h en

, ,

P ri n c e O f W a l es . O n t h a t oc ca s i o n , s a ys M r E \V . . .

M a d ge in a n e x c ell en t a r t i c l e o n t he Th ea t re s O f C a l c ut ta
w hi c h h a s a lrea dy been l a id un d e r co n tri but i on w i t h t he
,

v i ew n o d o ubt o f r es e rv i n
, g t h e pl a c e fo r I n di a n N o b l emen ,

t he fo ll o w i n g pri c es o f a d mi s s i o n w e re a s k ed : uppe r ti er
304 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

no rt h en d o f C h o w rin g h ee . I t is co mmo n ly h eld to d e ri ve

it s na m e D h a ra m t o la or fro m a l a rge mo s q ue
H o ly S t r ee t ,
w hi c h s t o o d o n t h e s it e o f M e s s r s C oo k a n d C o m p a n y s
’
.

li v e ry s t a b l es B ut D r Ho ern le di s c er n s in t h e n a m e a
. .

re f er e n c e t o D h a r m a o n e O f t h e un it s i n t h e B udd h i s t Tri
,

n i t y a n d p o i n t s t o t h e B uddhi s t Templ e i n J a un B az a r h a rd
,

by in c o n fi r ma t i o n o f h i s t h eo ry
,
The fi n e M us j i d w h i c h
.

n o w s t a n d s a t t h e c o rn er o f D h urum t o ll a h a n d C ho w rin g h ee

wa s e r ec te d a n d en d o w e d i n 1 84 2 by Pri n c e G h o l a m M u h a m
ma d , a s o n o f Ti p p oo S ul t a n w h o w a s a pe n ,

s io ne r o f t h e B ri t i s h G o v e r n men t a n d r es id ed a t To ll y

g u g
n e I n t.h e l a s t c en t u ry D h u rrum t o l l a h,
i s d e s c ri be d a s

a w e ll r a i s ed c a us ew a y r a i s ed by d eep en i ng t h e di tc h
,

o n e i t he r s id e w i t h w re t c h ed h ut s o n t he s o ut h s i d e
, It .

w a s s h a d ed w it h t r ees o n bo t h s id es Th e l a n d i n the .

vi c i n i t y w a s o w n ed by a je ma d a r n a me d J a ff er i n t h e e m

pl o y o f “ a rren H a s t i n g s
'
D h urrumt o lla h B a z a r w a s es
.

t a bl is h ed i n 1 79 4 It w a s f o r merly c a ll ed S ha ke s p ea r s
’

ba z a r a n d w a s o n e o f t h e s i t es t h o ug h t o f fo r t h e p r e s en t
,

To w n H a ll It w a s p urch a s ed by t he J us t i c es s h o rt ly
.
,

a ft e r t h e e s t a bli s h m en t i n t h e sev en t i es o f t he M un i c i pa l

M a rk et w hi c h w a s s ufferi n g fr o m it s co mp et i t i o n
, .

J us t r t h O f D h urrumt o lla h a c reek fo r merly ra n f ro m

no ,

C ha n d p a l G h a t t o B a ll ia g h a t t a n ea r t h e S a l t L a ke s The .

c r eek p a s s ed t hr o ug h W elli n g t o n S q ua re a n d C reek R ow ,

a nd w a s n a v i g a bl e fo r l a rg e bo a t s D i n ga B h a n g a the .
,

n a t i v e n a m e o f C ec ek R o w is s a id t o h a v e i t s o rig i n in
,

t h e w r ec ki n g a t t h a t pl a ce O f a s hip w hi c h d uri n g the ,

terri bl e c y c l o n e O f 1 7 37 h a d been dri v en up by a s t o r m

, .

w a v e f r o m t h e ri v er The C reek i s r epre se n t ed i n a n

.
 m s ro mc HO U S E S A x n FAM O U S LO C A L l T l E S

ea rly i c o pi ed i n
v ew Ho w i t t s H i s to ry o f E n gl a n d
’
It .

i s s ued fro m t he ri v er H o oghly a t C o l v i n s Gh a t fo r merly ’

,

kno w n a s C ut c h a G o o dee Gh a t a t t he foo t o f H a s ti ngs

,

St reet a n d proc eed i n g a l ong t h a t s t reet s kir t ed t h e o ld

, ,

buryi n g g ro un d o n t he s o ut h
- A t t he s o ut h w es t o f S t
.
-
.

J o hn s Ch urc h it w a s c ro s s ed by a b rid ge a n d in W ill s ma p

'

,
’

o f 1 7 5 3 t he mo ut h o f t hi s Cree k i s pl a i n ly s h o w n
. t o g eth e r ,

w i t h a s ec o n d b ri dg e a t t he c o r n e r o f w h a t is n o w H a s ti n g s

St reet a n d C o un c i l Ho use S t reet M r B lo c h ma n n t h e d is

. .
,

t i ng ui s he d Pri n c i p a l o f t he C a l c ut t a M a dr a s s a w h o di ed ,

in 1 87 8 a n d w ho s e bus t by R o s c o e M ulli n s a d o r n s t he
,

roo ms o f t he As i a t ic S oc i et y h a s in a n i n t e res t i ng
,

l ec t ure o n o ld C al c ut t a s po k en o f t he Creek a s
“
r un n i ng fro m C ha n d p a l Gh a t t o B a lli a Gh a t n ea r t he
Sa l t La k es O rme des c ri bes i t a s
. a d eep miry
u l ly S q ua re c o n t a i n ed a t a n k ma d e up o n
g .

the bed o f t h i s c re e k w hi c h t he C a l c ut t a W a te r “ o rk s
'

ha ve a n ne x ed fo r a res e rv o i r F ro m a ma p o f C a l c utt a
.

dra w n i n 1 7 7 4 it a ppe a rs t h a t D i n ga B h a n g a w a s a di v i s i o n
,

o f t he t o w n n o t t o t h e n o rt h o f D h urrum t o ll a h w h er e Cr eek ,

Ro w i s s i t ua te b ut t o t h e s o ut h o f it a n d bo un de d by J a un
, ,

Ba za r ( C o rpo r a t i o n S t re e t ) to t he s o ut h C ho w ri n g hee t o ,

the w e s t a n d C i rc ul a r R o a d t o t he e a s t
, N ei t h e r “f el .

li ng t o n S q ua re n o r ( ree k R o w w ere i n e x i s t en c e a t t he
ti me . Bo t h W t rt l | l ( “ o rk O f t he Lo tt ery C o m mi t t ee .

l o t he C a lc ut ta ( i n ert i a o f Aug us t 9 t h 1 821 \V elli n g t o n, ,

Sq ua r e is re f err ed t o a s t he n ew s q ua r e i n t he D h urrum

toll a b ,w h ic h w i t h t he s t reet p a s s i n g a l o n g i t s w e s t e r n
.

a n d n o w c a ll ed W elli n g t o n S t ree t
'

s id e t o t h e B o w B a z a r ,

mus t be a s fa vo ur a b le t o the s a l ub ri t y a s t h ey a re o r n a
.

”
me nt a l t o t he a pp ea r a n c e o f t h a t p a r t o f t he t o w n a nd ,

20
 306 L
C A C U TTA O LD Ax o s ew .

i t is dded t h a t a g rea t d ea l ha s bee n a t t h e S a me time

a

eff ec te d w i t h t he dir ec t O bj ec t o f r emo v i n g n ui s a nce and

p u ri fyi n
g t h e a t mo s ph er e i n c o n fi n ed pl a c es w hi c h is not

e q ua lly a pp a r en t t o c o mmo n obs e rv e r s w h o m a y not bl

,

a w a r e O f t h e ma n y no x i o us t a n k s t h a t h a v e been fi lled u p
in a l mo s t eve ry q ua rt er .

B en ti n c k S t reet is t he mo d er n d e s i gn a t i o n O f C o ss a i tolld
t he q ua rt er O f t h e K a s a i o r but c he r s It mus t t herefor!
.

h a v e been a h a te f ul s treet fo r t he Hi n d oos t o p a s s t hrough,

a n d y et i t l a y o n t h ei r dir ec t ro a d f r o m C h i t po re

s hri ne a t K a l ig h a t be i n g in f a c t t h a t po r t i o n o f t h e
,

mo ri a l pi lg ri m p a t h w hi c h s t retc hes fro m La l l B a

t he j un c t i o n o f D h urrumt o lla h a n d t h e E s l a n a d e
p .

ea rli e s t ma p s i t i s c l ea rly ma rk ed a n d a ll i t s

a pp ea r s t o h a v e been a ma s s o f j un l e f r i t i
g o , s

c o ve re d w i t h t rees O n ly a s i n g l e h o us e a t t h e
.

w es t c o r n er ( w h er e i t mee t s L a ll B a z a r a pp ea rs t o
)
e x i s t ed i n 1 75 7 : a n d i n s ubs eq ue n t ma p s t h ree
a re i n di c a te d . E v en a s l a t e a s 1 780 i t w a s d ec l a r e d
,

a l mo s t i mp a s s a bl e fr o m m ud i n t he r a i n s .

se v er a l h o us es i n a n d a bo ut t he Co s s a i
d v e rt i s ed i n t he C a lc ut t a G a z e t
e fr o m
a re
a t
M r J Tren ho l m s Ta v er n ’
a dj o i n i n
g
.
,

s t a bl e s M r J o h n P a l me rs un d er t a ki n e s t a bli s h ment
'

g
.
,

n ea r M r O l i h a n t s t he c o a c h
ma ker s
’ ’
.
p l
t h e U n i o n Ta
v er n a t N O 44 a n d M r M a c k i n n o n s Sc h o o l Its mo d em
’
. .
.

n a me i s d eri v ed fr o m L o rd W illi a m B n i
e t nc k .
G o v er n o r G en er a l fro m 1 828 t o 1 835 The h ous e
-
.
308 CA L C U TTA AN D N EW .

a dir ec t o r o f t he C o mp an y a n d Ch a i r ma n in 1 808 1 809 and ,

1 81 5 His f a v o uri t e pla c e o f w o r s h ip w a s t h e O ld Church

.

in M i s s i o n R o w : a n d w he n t h e s ea l o f t h e S h eri ff o f Cal
c ut t a w a s pl a c e d up o n i t s d oo r o n t h e i n s o l v en c y o f John

Z a c h a ri a h K ie rn a n der w ho s e pri v a t e pro perty i t w a s he ,

c a me fo r wa r d a n d p ur c h a s i n g th e b uildi n g fo r R s .

m a d e it o v er o n t he 3l s t O c to ber 1 787 t o t rus t ee s for the , ,

be n e fi t o f t h e Ch ri s t i an p ubli c A t a ble t in t h e Church .

bea r s w i t n es s t o h i s m un i fi c en c e He di ed i n L o n d on on .

O c t o be r 3 l s t 1 823 a t t he a g e o f 78
, His s o n bec a me a
,
.

pro mi n en t fi g ure in E n gli s h po li t i c s He w a s S ec re t a rv of .

S t a t e fo r t h e C o l o n i e s f r o m 1 834 t o 1 839 a n d w a s ra i sed ,

t o t he p eer a g e a s L o rd G l en el g in 1 835 .

l l e red i t h
.
’
hi c h i s s ues li k ew i s e fro m Be n tinck
s La n e ,
w

S t r ee t a n d t e r m i n a t e s a t C h a n d ney Ch o k e L a n e d erive ,
s

i t s n a me fro m o n e o f t h e fi rs t li v ery s t a bl es i n C a l c utta

w h ic h w a s o w n e d b
y a c er t a i n M r M e r edi t h T h e l oc a . .

l i t y s e ems t o h a v e be e n a fa v o uri t e o n e fo r t he t r a d e in
o ld en t i me s : fo r w e fi n d M r M a s s ey a n d M es s r s D ex t c . .

a n d L a n e w i t h t h e i r pl a c es o f bus i n es s i n C o s s a i t o lla h

Th e fo rm e r
-
a d v e rt is e s i n t he C a lc ut ta Ga z et t e o f M a rc h
25t h , 1 7 9 4, fo r
“
tw o po s t illi o n s of li gh t w e ig h t . In
C o s s a i t o ll a h a ls o ( a s w e h a v e j us t s ee n ) was t he s ho p 0:
”
Mr . O l ip h a n t
“
C o a c h m a ke r
-
a nd ri v a l o f Mfes s r s .

S t eua rt a nd Co .
,
t he n a s now o f O ld C o ur t H o us e C o r ne r

La ne r un s fro m B en t i n c k S t reet
'

ll
'

es l o n s o ut a nd p ro

c eed s a s fa r as Z ig Z -
ag La n e . I t bea r s t he na me of o ne

o f t he o l d es t a nd mo s t res p ec t ed c i t ize n s o f C al c ut t a in h i s

da y — C h a rl es \V es t o n , w h o w bo rn i n 1 731 in a
as h o us e
w h ic h ex i s t ed O i te Tire t t a B a z a r He w a s th e s o n of
ppo s .
 m s ro mc HO U S E S AN D FA M O U S L O C AL ITIE S . 309

t he Re c o rd e o f t he M a o
r y r s
’
C o u r t a n d s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n

o f mi x ed p a r en t a ge Th er e i s a
. m o n um e n t o v e r h i s gr a ve

in t he S o ut h P a rk r
S t eet ce m e t e ry w hi c h t e ll s p a r t o f h i s

f i
l i e s h s to
’
ry r
I t ec o s
. rd t h a t h e di e d o n t h e 2 5 t h D e c e m
b e r,
1 8 0 9 i n t
,
h e 7 8 t h y ea r o f h i s a g e a n
,
d pr oc e ed s

A li fe pro t r a c t ed t o un us ua l l en g th h e ma rk ed by a n
unos t en t a t i o us lif e o f ben ev o l en c e a n d c h a ri t y s eld o m

equa l l ed a n d n ev e r
y e t ex c e e d e d i n B ri t i s h I n di a . B y t h e

w i se ec o n o m i c a l m a n a g emen t o f a f o r t un e f a r fr o m en o r

mo us ( t h e prod uc t o f h is o w n i n d us t ry s ec ured by t he ,

di v i n e b l es s i n g) h e w a s e n a bl ed t o po ur fo rt h s t r ea ms o f
,

boun t y a n d merc y He ma n i fes t ed a g ra te f ul m i n d by

. ,

ch eri s h i n
g i n h i s o ld a g e h i s f o r m e r e m pl o y e r a n d ben e

fa c t o r t h e l a te G o v er n o r H o l w ell
,
a n d a f t er bei n g t he
,

f rien d o f t h e d es t i t ut e t h e s upp o r t o f t h e w id ow a n d f a t h er
,

les s a n o r n a men t t o t he B ri t i s h n a m e a n d a bl e s s i n g t o
, ,

ma n ki n d h e d es c en d ed t o t he t o mb a mid t he t ea r s o f t he
'

i ndig en t ,a nd t h e l a me n t a t i o n s of s ur v i v i n
g fri e nds .

Rea d e r ! thi s s t o n e i s n o fl a t t ere r : g o a n d do th o u like ,

”
w ise Th e d et a i l s o f \V es t o n s c a r eer w hi c h h a v e s ur
’
.

v i ved d o n o t belie t h es e e n c o mi ums . I n ea rl v li fe h e s er v ed

hi s t i m e a s s urgeo n s a ppr en t i c e t o H o l w ell a n d a c co m
’

i d h i m i E r p H
’
p a n e o n o n e oc c a s o n t o u o e O .n o lw e l l s

a p po i n t me n t a s a c o v en a n t ed c i v ili a n h e a l s o c h a n g ed h i s
,

p urs ui t s D uring t h e s iege o f C a l c utt a h e t oo k h is t ur n

.

o f d ut y a s a militi a ma n a n d es c a p ed th e B l a c k H o l e b
y
h a v i n g been s en t o n t h e ri v er t o l oo k a ft er Ho lw ell s ba g ’

g ga e b o a t s o n t h e d a y b e f o r e t h e F o r t w a s t a k e n . H e

d oes n o t a pp ea r t o ha v e go n e t o P ul t a b ut t o h a v e t a k en ,

r e f ug e w i t h t h e D ut c h a t Chi n s ur a h .W h en H o l w ell l eft

I n d i a i n 1 7 60 he ga v e W es t o n
,
r up ees a n d l en t h im
31 0 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

a no t her 1t h t hi s ca pit a l he m a d e
l a rge fortune a ,

c hi efl y by a g e n c y bus i n e s s : a n d w a s l uc k y e no ug h to win

t he T i re t t a B a z a r in t he l o t t ery o f 1 7 9 1 w hi c h g a ve the ,

big pri z e t o t he dr a w er o f t h e l a s t t i c ke t The re nt s and .

pro fi t s o f t he B a z a r he a ppli ed t o h is o w n use : but the

i n t eres t upo n t h e res t o f h i s w ea l t h w hi c h w a s i n ves ted ,

i n G o v e rn men t s ec uri t ie s w a s di s t ri but ed by h i m i n c ha ri

,
o

t i es . Th e l a kh o f r up ees w hi c h h e l ef t a t his de a t h sa ys .

D r B us t eed w a s t he s ma ll es t o f h i s ben efa c ti o n s

.
,
He .

s e r v e d a s a j ur o r a t t h e t ri a l o f N un c o ma r i n J un e 1 776 :
,

a n d li v ed t o s ee t h e G o v e r n o r G e n er a l s hi p o f Lo rd Minto
- .

Th ere i s a p o r t r a i t o f h im i n t h e v e s t ry o f S t J ohn s
'
.

Ch urc h .

R e t ur n i n g t o C ho w ri n g hee en d of B en t i n c k S t reet we
ma y now pro c eed w es t w a rd s tow a rd s G o ve rn men t Home
l
a o ng E s pla n a d e R o w The s tr ee t w hi c h is s t yl e d by its
. ,

pre s e n t n a me i n t he m a p o f 1 784 i s di v id ed ,

t he G a rd en s o f G o v e r n men t H o us e i n t o E s pl a n a d e Row

“ es t a n d E a s t : but b fo re 1 800 it ra n w i t h o ut i n t errup

’
e
,
~

ti o n fr o m C h a n dp a l G ha t t o D h urrumt o lla h pa s s i n g o n its ,

w ay t h e C o un c i l H o us e a n d G o v e r n m en t H o us e w hich
,

s to od s i d e b v s id e fa c i n g t he M a id an th e o n e o n the ,

w e s t a n d t h e o t h er o n t he ea s t Ha s t i n g s a p pea rs nod
.

t o h a v e c a r e d t o li v e a t G o ve r n me n t o r B uc ki n h a m Hm
g
a s i t w a s t h e n c a l led a n d t r a di t i o n po i n t s o ut h i s C a lc u
, t ta

r es id e n c e a t N o 4 E s pl a n a d e Ro w E a s t
.
, , ,

t he c o r n e r o f O ld C o urt H o us e S t ree t It is .

h o us e re fe rr ed to i n a n a dv ert i s e men t i n t he C M
G a z et t e o f S ept e m ber 6 t h 1 787 i n w hi c h a re w a r
, , d of
s i c c a rup e es i s o ffe red fo r t h e r ec o v e ry o f a n ol d b la c k
31 2 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D x ew .

r emembr a n c e a s o n e o f t h o s e w ho i n a p et i t i o n da ted ,

D ec e mber 1 5t h 1 757 To t he Ho n ble R o ge r D ra ke

’
,
, ,
”
Esq . Pres id en t a n d G o v er n o r i n C o un c il
, p r a y ed for

t he es t a bli s h men t o f a c o rp s o f m ili t ia b y t he n a m e o f t he

P a t ri o t B a n d D a c r es a p pe a r s t o h a v e bee n a t the
.

t i m e a w ri t e r o n t h e m o n t hly s a l a ry o f R s 20 T h e s t re et . .

w a s o nc e a fas hi o n a bl e l o ca li t y I n i t w er e s i t ua ted .

M o o r e s As s embly R oo ms w h ere th e E n g li s h c i t i z en s of
’

C a l c ut t a en t er t a i n ed L o rd M i n to a t a fa rew ell b a n q uet in

D ec e mber 1 81 3 ,
.

i s t en c e i n U pj o h n s m a p o f
'

IV a t erl o o S t reet h a s no ex

1 7 9 4, a n d t he p eri o d of it s c o n s t r uc t i o n i s i n di c a t ed w ith

s uffi c i en t c eal r n es s by it s na me .

F r o m t he r r o f E s pl a n a d e R o w E a s t t h ere runs
co ne , ,

d o w n i n t o D a lh o us i e S q ua re t h e br o a d a n d ma g n i fic en t
t h o ro ug hfa r e w h i c h g o es by t h e n a me o f O ld C o urt H o u e s

S t reet It w ill n o t b e fo un d i n ma p s o f C a l c ut t a o f d a t e
.

a n t e ri o r t o t h e B l a c k H o l e M i s s i o n R o w t h en fo rm i n g th e
ea s t e r n bo un d a ry o f Ta n k S q ua re In “ o od s ma p o f
’ '

1 784 it i s s h o w n a s i s s ui n g f ro m t he O ld C o urt H o us e
,

fro m w hi c h it t oo k i t s d es i g n a t i o n a n d w hi c h s t o o d upo n ,

t he s i t e o f S t A n d rew s Kirk b ut t h e l a t te r po r t i o n o f
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.
,

i t s l en gt h is no w k n o w n a s D a lho us i e S q ua r e E a s t
. As ,
.

a ma t t er o f f a c t i t e x t en d s a c ro s s t h e ma i d a n a s fa r a s

S urma n s B rid ge
’
a t Kidd erp o r e a n d t h e R ed R o a d is ,

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.

w h en t he fi n i s hi n g t o uc he s w e re p ut t o t h e pres ent

Fo r t “ i l lia m a n d is l i n k ed w i t h t he n a me o f C o l o nel
'

H e n ry W a t s o n t o w h o m C a l c ut t a o w es ma n y i m prov e
men t s i n c l udi n g n o t o n ly t h e c o mp l eti o n o f t h e c i t a del
 HI S TO R I C HO U S E S A N D FA M O U S L O C A L I TI E S .

i t s el f , but a sol
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the a .

V V i i ti ng i n 1 782 t o Ha s t i n g s up o n t he ma t t e r h e
'
o ffe rs ,

h i s bes t s e rv i c es t o r e n d er t he g re a t r o a d l e a di ng t o

S urm a n s B ri dg e b o t h d ura bl e a n d c o mmo di o us fo r a mo

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d e r a t e s um a n d po i n t s o ut t h a t t he i n t en t i o n s o f t he
,

B o a rd t o ke ep t h e E s pl a n a de c l ea n a n d free fro m I n c ro a c h
m e n t s c a n n e ve r be ful fil led w i t h o ut e n c l o s i n g it w ith s o me
s o r t o f l a il i n g o r F en c e
’
At t he c o rn er o f O ld C o urt
.

Ho us e S t re et a n d S t r eet up o n t h e s i t e o f t h e p re ,

m i s es w hi c h i s n o w k n o w n a s E z ra B uildi n gs a n d oc c upi ed
a s t o t he g r o un d fl o o r b y M es s r s C ut h ber t s o n a n d H a rpe r
.

t h e s a ddl er s M rs L ea c h o pe ne d a t empo r a ry t hea t r e i n

, .

J un e 1 839 o n t he des t ruc t i o n o f t he C h o w rin ghee Th ea tr e

, , .

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’
.

w a s o w n ed by M e s s rs Th a c k er .Co Th e l o w e r fi a t .

w a s l i t t le be t t e r t h a n a g o do w n but M rs L ea c h t ra n s f o r m
,
.

ed i t i n t o a t h ea t re c a p a bl e o f h o ldi n g 400 p e r s o n s It w a s .

s uppl a n t ed i n 1 840 by t h e S a ns S o uc i Th ea t r e i n P a rk
,

M r Lo ng a ll o t s t he s i t e t o S i r J oh n C la v eri n g s
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.
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, ,

v ery t e mpo r a ry h a bi ta t io n fo r h is life i n C a l c ut t a l a s t ed

,

o n ly t hre e y e a r s .

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no

k n o w n a s Wh ele r P la c e The n a me c o mmemo r a tes t h e

.

s e n i o r me mbe r o f C o un c il w ho l a id t h e fo un d a t i o n s t o n e -

of St
’

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.
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31 4 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

a cc r ued J o hn M a c ph e rs o n t he ge n t l e gi a n t o f a c t i ng
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de p a r t ur e Ac c o rd i ng ’
.

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t he t hird s o n o f Si r “ il l ia m W he l e r B a r t o f Le a m i n g t o n
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g r a n d s o n o f S i r E d w a rd E v ely n B a r t o f L o ng D i t t o n i n ,
.
,

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,

C h ic hel ev Pl o w d e n a rri v ed in B e n g a l in D ec embe r 1 7 7 7

, , ,

a n d s ur v i v ed t h e c li ma t e o n ly s e v en mo n t h s F ra n c i s .

w ri te s o f h er ; S he a pp ea red i n p ubli c fo r t he fi r s t t i me a t
o ur ba ll in w o n d e rf ul s pl en d o ur A t s i g h t o f he r h 0 0 p a l l .

o ur bea ut i es s t a r ed i n e n v v a n d a d mir a t i o n I n ev e r s a w .

”
t h e lik e befo r e .

r ry
c o n n ec t i n g ma ll
O ld
’
L a rk in s La n e is a ve s s t eet

C o urt H o us e S t reet o n t he w es t w i t h W e ll es l ey Pl a c e ’
.

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’ ’

, , ,

o f 1 7 84 W illi a m L a rki n s a ft er w h o m it w a s c a lled w a s

.
, ,

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g c z e n o a c a n s a y a c c a e n ,

o f St J o h n s Ch urc h a n d a n i n t i ma t e frie n d o f “ a rre n

’ '

H a s t i n g s i n w h o s e c o r res p o n den c e h is n a me freq ue n t l v

,

o c c ur s He w a s fo r a t i me a fte r H a s t i n g s d ep a rt ure
.
’

Ac c o un t a n t G en e r a l a n d h a v i n g pre v i o us ly bee n i n c h a rg e
-
,

o f t he mo n ey s rec ei v ed by H a s t i n g s fro m n a t i v e p ri n c es
a n d o t he r s o n be h a l f o f t h e C o m p a n y w a s c a ll ed a t t h e ,

Tri a l t o g i v e e v id e n c e o n t h e c h a rg es r el a t i n g t o pr es e n t s .

He fi n a ll y re t i red fr o m I n di a in 1 7 93 a n d di ed i n 1 800 .

J o h n P a s c a l L a rki n s w ho w a s pres uma bly t h e s o n o f

,

li a m w a s a pr o mi n e n t C a l c ut t a c i t i z en in t h e t w en t i es
, .

In a l is t o f s ubs c ri be rs t o w a rd s t h e e r ec t i o n o f a s t a
31 6 CA L C U TTA AN D N EW .

t he ph a nsi or ll o w s w hic h he pl a c es in t hi s l oc a l i t y in
g a

t he e a rly d a y s w h en C a l c ut t a w a s s urr o un d ed by p a l i s a des

a n d t h e s o ut h er n bo un d a ry w a s s h ut i n by t h e c ree k w hi ch

fl o w ed a l o n g t h e co ur s e o f w h a t i s no w H a s t i ng s S t reet .

IV elles l ey P la c e h a s s uc c eed ed C o rk s c rew L a n e a n a r ro w

‘
,

w i n di ng g ully w hi c h en d ed a b m pt ly a bo ut t he po i n t W h ere

S p en c e s H o t el n o w s t a n d s a n d a fi o rded n o o utl et t o D al
'
’

h o us i e S q ua r e It s n a me i s s uffi c i en tly i n di c a t i v e o f t he
.

p eri o d o f it s o ri g i n .

Fa n c y L a n e emerges o n t he w es t i n to C o un c i l H o us e
S t reet t he h o me o f t he pri n c i p a l B a n k s a n d c o n ta i n
, ,

i n g a l s o t h e Fo rei gn O ffi c e ( no w i n pr oc es s o f reb uil d

i n g) a n d t he o ffi c es o f t h e Pri v a t e S ec r et a ry t o t he V i c eroy
a n d t h e Ad mi n i s t r a t o r Ge n er a l o f B en a l I t d eri v es i ts
g
-
.

n a me fr o m t h e O ld C o un c il H o use w hi c h w a s p ulle d d o w n

i n 1 800 a n d s t oo d o n t he w es t er n p o rt i o n o f t h e p re s ent
G o v ern men t H o us e e n c l o s ur e Th e s o ut h ern en d o f t he
.

s treet w h er e i t run s bet w een G o ve rn me n t H o us e a n d w ha t

w a s o n ce Lo ud o un bui ld i ng s a n d i s n o w t h e I n di a Sec re

t a ri a t i s k n o w n t o da y a s G o ver n men t Pl a c e W e s t but in

,
-
, ,

ea rli e r t i me s C o un c il H o us e S t re et a s s uc h c o n t in ued un ti l

i t j o i n ed w i t h E s pl a n a d e R o w O n J un e 22n d 1 758
. t he re , ,

be i n g a t p resen t n o pr o per p la c es fo r t h e p ubli c o ffic es

fr o m w hic h c i rc ums t a n c e ma n y i n c o n v en ie n ces a ri se in
c a rryi n g o n t h e bus i n e s s o f t h e s et t l emen t a n d a s i t w i ll
,

be pr o p er li k ew i s e t o h a ve a roo m t o h o ld o ur C o un c il s
i n c o n ti g uo us t o t he S ec r et a ry s a n d Ac c o un t a n t s o ffi ces
’ ’

i t w a s a g reed a t a c o n s ult a tio n t h a t t he d w ell in

g
h o us e o f t h e l a t e M r R i c h a rd C o ur t be p urc h as ed
.

fo r t he Ho n ble C o mp a n y a n d a ppr o ri a te d t o t he a bo v e
’

p
 m s ro mc
'

HO US ES AN D FA MO U S L O C A L IT I E S . 31 7

us es . C o urt w i ll be remembered a s t he s en io r me rc h a n t
w ho s ur v i ve d t h e Bl a c k H o l e a n d w a s se n t i n c h a i n s to

M oo rs heda ba d w i t h H o l w ell He h a d bee n dr ow n ed i n

.

t he Hoo g hly i n M a y 1 758 j us t a mo n t h be fo re t he

, ,
.

purc ha s e o f his h o us e It w a s i n t hi s buildi ng t h a t

.

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,
of t h e M embers of C o un c il ,

on J un e 9t h 1 763 s t r uc k W a rre n H a s t ings in t he

, ,

fa c e d uri ng a C o un c il M eeti n g M r B a t s o n ma ki ng
. .

s o me bn bec o min g r efl ec ti on s o n t he Go v er n o r w ri t es ,

H a s t i ngs in h is o fli c ia l repres en t a t i o n I replie d t h eret o , ,

a n d I a p pea l t o t he B o a rd w h et h er i n a n y i n d ec en t o r r o
p
v o kin
g t er m s u po n w hi c h M r
, B a t s o n
g a v e . m e t he l ie

a n d s t r uc k me in t h e pres en c e o f t h e B o a rd I lea v e t h em .

t o t a k e s uc h n o ti c e a s t h ey ma y thi n k pr o p e r o f t h e i n di
g
n ity o ffer ed t o t h ems el v es b hi t p f M B t ’

y t s s e o r a s on s . .

F o r my ow n p a r t I c a n no t t hi n k o f s i tt i n g a n y l o n er a t
g
a B o a rd w h e re I a m s ubj ec t t o s uc h i n s ul t s B a t s on w a s .

in t he res ult s us pen d ed a n d o n h is m a ki ng a f ull a p o l og y

,

t h e ma j o ri t y in Co unc il v o t ed fo r h is res t o ra t i o n t o o ffi ce :

b ut t he Pres id en t ( V a n s i t t a r t) r e f us i n t i t w i t h him
g o s ,

i t w a s dec id ed t h a t t he mi n ut e s o f ea c h C o un c il w ere t o
be s ubmi t t ed to h im in h is o w n h o us e
.
\V he re w a s t hi s .

O ld C o unc il H o use ? L o n a y u ly t h t it w a s in
g s s v a g e a

C o un c il H ous e S t reet but thi s is n o t o f muc h a s s i s t a n c e ,

a n d “ ill s ma p o f 1 753 is s t ill l es s h elpf ul fo r C o ur t s

'
’
’
,

ho us e is n o t s h o w n i n it a t a ll I t w a s pro ba bly i n Cli v e

.

S t ree t but i t i s i mp o s s i bl e t o s p eak w i t h a ut h o ri t y

, In .

a n y c a se i t w a s n o t t he C o un c il Ch a mb e r in w hi c h H a s ti
n gs

a n d F ra n c i s c a rri ed o n t h ei r w a rfa re o f w
o rd s d uri n t h
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v ea r 1 7 75 a n d 1 776 ”
Fo r i n t he proc eed i n s o f t he B o a rd
“
.
g
i n C a l c ut t a o f the 1 5t h O c t o be r 1 76 4 t h e r e o c c ur s t he
, ,
 31 8 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

fo ll ow i n g p a r a g r a ph : The pres e n t C o un c il R oo m b e i n g
fr o m i t s s i t ua t i o n g rea t ly ex p o s ed t o t he h ea t o f t he w e a th er
a n d fr o m i t s v i c i n i t y t o t h e p ubli c o ffic e v e ry ill c a l c ul a t ed -

fo r c o n d uc ti n g t h e bus i ne s s o f t h e B o a rd w i t h t h a t p ri v a c y
w hi c h is o ft en r eq ui s i t e it i s a g r eed t o build a n ew C o un
,

c il r o o m a t a c o n v en i en t di s t a n ce fro m t h e o ffi ces P Opu

$ 9
- .

la r t r a di t i o n a s s o c i a t es t hi s n ew C o un c il H o us e w i t h a
n umbe r o f buildi n g s i n C a l c ut t a i n c l udi n g a mo n g o t h e r s
,

t h a t o c c up i ed by t he o fli c e o f t he Pri v a t e S ec r e t a ry t o t he

V i c er o y i n C o un c il H o us e S t r eet Lon g pl a c es it in t he
.

h o us e w hi c h s t ill s t a n d s bet w een M a c ke n z i e s a n d H o l

’

li n g s o ffic es but h e d oes n o t s t a t e w h ere t h e se o fli c e s

’

w er e . Ac c o rdi n g t o t he B en g a l D i rec t o ry fo r 1 81 3 J o h n ,

M a c k en z i e a n d W illi a m H o lli n g s M erc h a n t s

,
a nd

”
Ag en t s ,
h a d t h eir o ffic es i n L a ll B a z a r a n d t hi s w o uld ,

s eem t o be t he l o c a li t y i n di c a t ed fo r in 1 852 t h e ye a r i n ,

w hi c h L o ng w r o t e t h e n a me o f H o lli n g s h a s l o n g di s a p
,

a r ed fr m t h e D ir ec t o ry a n d t h e o ffi c es o f M a c k e n z i e
p e o ,

a nd C o .
, a re in P o ll oc k S t r ee t n ea r t he A r me n i a n Ch urc h
, .

B ut i n a n y c a s e L o n g s t o p og ra phy w o uld a ppea r t o be

’
,

a s i n a c c ur a t e a s i t i s s lip s h od N o g re a t e r c o n s id e r a t i o n
.

( i t i s t o b e f ea r ed,) m us t b e p a id t o t h e s t r o n g t r a di t i o n i n

C a l c ut t a w h ic h c o n nec t s t h e S ec r et a ry s w o rki n g roo m i n ’

t h e Leg i s l a t i v e D e p a r t me n t s o ffi c e behi n d t h e To w n H a ll
’

w i t h t he C o un c il Cha mbe r o f W a rr en H a s t i n s a n d F r a n c i s
g .

Th e m a p s o f 1 7 84 a n d 1 7 9 4 bv C o l o n el M a rk “ 0 0 d a n d
'

U pj o h n di s c l o s e t h a t a buildi n g r es embli ng t h e o ffi c e o f t he

L eg i s l a t i v e D ep a rt me n t i n g ene r a l a pp ea ra n c e a l rea dy e x
i s te d o n t he s i t e n o w o c c upi ed by t h a t o ffi c e B ut t h e y
.

s h o w a l s o t h a t t h e C o un c il H o us e w a s s i t ua t ed o n t h e o t h e r

S i d e o f C o un c il H o us e S t r ee t w h ic h i s s h o w n by o t h e r i n
,
320 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

g o ld . H a s t i n g s o n c e mo re ma d e t he h o use h is hea d
q ua r t ers a ft er h is return fro m up c o un try i n N o v e mber -
,

1 7 84 a n d li v e d h er e un t il he s a il ed fo r E n g l a n d in F e b rua ry
,

o f t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r O n t he 4t h o f t hi s m o n t h Mr
.
,
.

”
S t a bl es c a ll ed a t S oo k s a ugo r a n d p a s s ed h e w ri tes to ,

h i s w i fe o n N o v ember 20t h 1 784 r e fe rri n g t o o n e o f his

, ,

c o lle a g ues i n C o un c il I fo ll o w ed h i m t he s a me mo rn i ng
, .

a n d a rri v ed a t y o ur galoo my ma n s i o n i n C a l c ut t a b e t w een

6 a n d 7 a f t er a n a bs e n c e o f e i g ht mo n t h s a n d e i g h t een
, ,

d a ys . B ut he c o n t i n ued t o ma k e o f A lipo re h is S a t ur
”
d a y a n d S un d a y r es id en ce un t i l h e c o uld fi n d a p ur
c h a s er o r l ea v e t he c o un t ry : fo r ( he t ell s h i s w i fe i n t he
s a me l et te r ) I fi n d it a r eli ef t o my mi n d a n d my h eal th ,

”
i s c er t a i n ly t h e bet t er fo r i t .

At t h e cor n e r o f Ch urc h L a n e a n d H a s t i n g s S t r ee t s t o od
t he o ri g i n a l P o s t O ffi c e w hi c h w as a ft er wa rd s t he h o us e
,

o f M rs .Fa y . A l a t e r P o s t O ffi c e w a s l oc a t ed i n O l d P o s t
O ffic e S t reet t h e s t reet r un n i n g t o t he s o ut h in a h o us e
, ,

n e a rly o pp o s i t e t h e Hi h C o ur t O r id t i l u r
g n c e a . es e n a q a

t er t h e s t r eet i s n o w e n t ir ely g i v en o v e r t o s o li c i t o rs
'

o ffi c e s a n d ba rri s t e rs c h a mbe r s A t t h e s o ut h e r n en d
’
.

o f O ld P o s t O ffi c e S t r ee t w e e merg e i n t o t h e w es t e r n p o r

t i o n o f E s pl a n a de R o w : a n d o n o ur l ef t w e s h a ll pe r c e i ve

t he To w n H a ll w h i c h o c c upi ed t h e s i t e o f t h e re s id e n c e o f
,

M r J us t ic e Hyd e
. He i s s a id t o h a v e p a id r en t fo r i t a t
.

t he r a t e o f R s . a mo n t h but t he mod er n c i t i z e n o f
,

C a l c ut t a w i t h h i s e x pe rie n c e o f C ho w rin g hee h o us e r e n t s .

w i ll el ec t t o r ec e i v e t h e s t a t e men t w i t h c a ut i o n H y de w a s .

a ma rri ed m a n a n d w i t h h i s w i fe w a s a g r ea t f a vo uri t e in

C a l c ut t a s o c ie t y . M rs H y d e a fte r h e r ret ur n f r o m t he
.
,
 m s ro mc HO U S E S A im n uo us L O C A L I TI E S . 321

coun t r y s ees life in a l l t h e fo r ms

,
w ri t es M a c ra bie , ,

La dy I— s i t s w i t h h er t h o ug h t h ey h a te ea c h o the r lik e
po i s o n . W e l ea rn fro m M rs F a y t h a t o n t h e fi rs t da y
.

o f ev e ry t er m t he pr o fes s i o n a l gen tl em en a ll m et a t a p ubli c

brea kf a s t a t M rs Hyde s h o us e a n d w e n t t h en c e i n p ro
’
.
,

c es s i o n t o t h e C o urt H o us e w hi c h a ft e r 1 7 84 s t oo d w h er e
, ,

th e H ig h C o urt n ow s t ri ve s t o r epro d uc e t he g ra n d eur o f

t he To w n H a ll o f Y p res .

To t h e w es t o f t he E spl a n a d e r un s t he S t ra n d R o a d ,

w hi c h i n i t s mo d er n s h a p e e x t en d s fr o m P rin s ep s G h a t t o
’

Ha t kh o l a Gh a t in t he e x t r eme n o r t h o f t he To w n It w a s .

fo rmerly a lo w s ed gy ba n k a n d t he ri v er n ea r i t s h a ll o w
, , ,

t he deep c h a n n el be i n g o n t h e H o w r a h s id e but o w i n g t o
t he fo r m a ti o n o f t h e S uma t r a s a n d by t h e s i n ki n g o f a ,

ship o f t h a t n a me o pp o s i t e I rin s e p s G h a t t h e s h a ll o w
’ ’
, ,

w a t e r h a s s hi fte d t o t he w es t The pres en t r oa d d a t es fr o m

.

1 823 a n d i s o n e o f t he ma n y un d e r t a ki n g s s uc c es s fully
,

ca rri ed t hr o ug h by t h e L o t te ry C o m mi t t ee It h a s un d e r .

g on e g r ea t i m pr o v em en t s o f l a t e y e a r s i n t he n ei g h bo ur

ho o d o f P ri n s ep s G h a t a c o n s id era bl e po r t i o n o f th e ri v e r
’
,

ba n k h a v i n g bee n rec l a i med a n d t h ro w n i n t o t h e r o a d

A l i t t le t o t h e s o ut h o f t h e Hi gh C o urt , a nd at t he en d

o f an hi c h th e n a me o f A uc kl a n d R o a d h a s
a v en ue t o w

l a t ely been g i ven s t a n d s B a bo o Gha t a h a n d s o me c o l o n

, ,

n a de o f t he G r ec i a n D o ri c o rd e r It bea r s t h e fo ll o w i n g
.

i n sc ri p t i o n Th e R i g h t Ho n ble L o rd W illi a m C a ve n
’

d is h B en ti n c k G o v ern o r Gen era l o f I n di a w i t h a v i ew t o

,
-
,

en c o ur a e p ubli c mun i fic en c e t o w o rk s o f p ubli c ut ili t y

g ,

ha s be en pl ea s ed t o d ete r mi n e t h a t t hi s G h at e rec t e d a t t he ,

21
322 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D n ew .

ex p en s e o f B a bo o R a j c h un der D o s s i n 1 838 s ha ll h erea fter ,

G a T h B b
’

be c a ll ed B a b oo R a j c h un d er D o s s h t e a oo .

w h ose ge ne r o s i t y is h e re co m memo ra t ed w a s th e h usba nd

o f t h e w e ll k n o w n R a n i R a s h mo n i o f J a un B a z a r .

O ppo s i t e B a boo Gh at i mme di a tely s o ut h o f t h e Es

a nd

l a d R o a d a re t he E d en G a rd en s f o r w hi c h t h e i n ha b
p a n e i
,

t a n t s a re i n d e bt e d t o t he li be r a lity a n d t as t e o f th e M i s ses

E d en s i s t e r s o f L o rd A uc kl a n d Go ve r n o r Ge ne r al o f I n dia
, ,
-
,

w ho s e s t a t ue by W e e k es a t o n e ti me s t oo d i n t he g a r dens .

a n d w a s s ubs eq uen t ly pl a c e d o n t h e ro a d t o t he n o rt h n ea r

t h e Hi g h C o ur t A l a rge s pa c e h a s been t urfed a n d is

.

w ell p a t r o n i se d by h un d red s o f c i t i z en s w ho ma y be s een

t a ki n g t h e i r ev en in g e x e rc i s e o n t h e g r een s w a rd On .

t h e w es te r n s id e o f t hi s pro men a d e a ba n d s t a n d h a s been -

e r ec t ed ,
w he re t h e To w n B a n d o r t h e ba n d o f o n e o f t h
,
e

R eg i me n t s s t a t i o n e d i n th e Fo r t pl a y ev e ry e ven in g
, The .

a rd t h e ms el v es a re l ai d o ut w i t h w i n di n h d
g e n s
g p a t s a n

a r t i fi c i a l w a t er i n te r s per s ed w i t h a pro fus i on o f fl o w eri ng

,

t r ee s a n d s h rubs A pl ea s a n t e r pl a c e fo r a mo rn i n
g o r
.

e v e n i n g s t r o ll c a n n o t be fo un d Th e po r t i o n d ev o t ed t o
.

pro men a d i n g i s w ell ill umi n a te d w i t h t he el ec tri c lig ht

I n t he g a rd e n s i s a fi ne B ur me s e P a go d a re mov e d fro m ,

Pro me a f t e r t he w a r i n 1 854 a n d re erec ted he re i n 1 856

,
-
.

A dj o i n i n g t h e g a rd e n s is t he ro un d o f t h e C a l c utt a C ri c k et
g
Cl ub o n t he w es t s ide o f w hi c h i s a p a v ili o n
, R o un d t h .
e

w h o le i s a br o a d g r a s s y rid e fo r eq ues t ri an s en c l o s ed by ,

s h a dy w a lk s a n d pl a n t a ti o n s .

Th e R es po n d en ti a W a l k ex t en d ed a li tt l e bel o w B a bo o
' ’

G ha t It w as t he r es o r t o f t ho s e fo n d o f mo o n l i ht
.
g
r a mbl e s . a nd o f c hildre n w i t h t h ei r t r a i n o f s erva n t s
, Its .
324 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

a d v e n t ,
e x c l a i m e d t o h i s c o ll ea g u es S e e ,
b r o t h e r
,
t h e ,

w r e tc h e d v i c t i ms o f t yr a n n y Th e Cr ow n C o urt w a s n ot
.

s ur e ly es t a bli s h ed befo re it w a s n eeded I t r us t i t w ill

.

n o t h a v e bee n i n o pe r a t i o n s i x mo n t h s be fo re w e s h a ll see

a l l t h e s e p o o r c r ea t u r e s c o m f o r t a b ly c l o t h ed i n s h o e s a n d

s t o c ki n g s .

Th e o ld r ec en t ly r emo ved t o m a k e w a y
G h a t h a s bee n
fo r t h e n ew e m ba n k men t a n d t h e P o r t C o m m i s s i o n e rs
’

r a il w a y A n el a bo ra t e l a n di n g s t a g e ha s b een e re c t ed a
.

few y a rd s f ur t h e r s o ut h but a rri v i n g a n d de p a rt i n g V i c e

,

r o y s p r ef e r n o w a d a y s t o co me a n d go by r a il w a y a n d en te r ,

a n d l e a v e C a l c ut t a by t h e H o w r a h brid g e o r i f t h e y a re ,

d es i r o us o f a ppro a c hi n g o r q ui t t i n g t h ei r c a pi t a l i n t he
t ime ho n o ur ed w a y t he s po t s el ec t ed i s P ri n se p s G h a t
’
, .

P r o c eedi n g no rt h up t h e S t r a n d R o a d , w e co me once

m o re to H a s t in g s S t ree t , at t he ri ver e nd of w hi c h s t a n ds

C o lt vi n G ha t fo r me rly ll ed G o o d ee G h a t
’
s , ca C a tc ha ,
or
”
t he pl a c e fo r
ll ec t i ng c o un t ry bo a t s
co Th ey w e re .

ha ul e d up in o ld en d a y s o n t h e ba n k s o f t h e Cr ee k w h ic h
ra n a l o n g w h a t i s n o w H a s t i n g s S t r eet t o t he S a l t “ a t er
'

L a ke s o n t h e e a s t It w a s o n t he ba n k s o f t h i s c re e k o n
.
,

t h e s po t no w i n di c a t ed by t h e c o r ne r o f C o un c il H o us e

S t r ee t t h a t t h e s o ut h er n ba t te ry w a s t hro w n up in 1 7 5 6 .

Th e pr es en t n a me o f C o l v i n s G h a t i s bo rr o w ed f ro m t h e
’

o n c e c el eb r a t ed fi rm o f C o l v i n C o w i e a n d C o w hi c h s t ill .
,

ha s it s o ffi c e i n H a s t i ng s S t re et .

Tur n i n g o ut of H a s ti n gs S t r eet t o w a rd s t he n o rt h a n d
c o n n ec t n i g it w i t h H a r e S t re et i s C hurc h L a n e
,
T hi s .

s t reet d e ri v es it s n a me f ro m t he o ld C a t h ed r a l w hi c h h a s
 H I S TO R IC HO USES AN D FA M O U S L O C A L I T IE S . 325

i
s nc e 1 7 84 , furn i s h ed i t s e a s te nr bo un d a rv : but as a

ma t te r I n W ill s
’
of fa c t it w as i s t en c e l o n g befo re
in ex .

ma p o f i t i s s h o w n a s l ea di ng t o t he c ree k w hi c h ,

w a s c ro s s ed by a bri dg e a t t h e po i n t w h e re H a s t i n g s
'

S t re e t is me t h v t h e p res e n t roa d Th e n a me a pp ea r s a s
.

Ch urc h La n e i n ma p o f 1 784 : a n d t he b uildi n g s

n um be r e d a s 4 a n d ii t he w es t er n s ide o f w hi c h w a s t he n
,

on t he ri v e r b a n k-
a re i n d i ca te d a s t he O ld M i n t
,
I n l a te r .

y e a rs N o 4 w a s us e d a s t h e o fli c e o f t h e S up eri n t e nd en t
.

o f S t a m p s a n d S t a t io n e ry a nd N o ,
5 a s t he C a l c ut t a .

Co ll ec t o ra t e B o t h b uil di ngs a re n o w oc c upie d by t h e

.

S ta t i o n e ry D e p a r t me nt At N o 3 w a s t he o fli c e o f t h e
. .
,

w ell kn o w n fi rm o f M o r a n Co a s l a t e a s 1 870
.
,
a nd ,

the i r I n d i g o s a les w e re a d vert i s ed in c o n s eq uen c e a s h eld

a t t he O ld M i n t M a rt .

Ha re S t ree t ma y be de sc r ibed pro l o ng a t io n o f D a l

as a

ho us i e S q ua r e s o ut h t o w a rds th e S t ra n d R o a d It w a s .

t he w o r k o f t he L o t t e rv C o m mi t t ee i n t h e t w e n t i es : a n d

to w a rd s t h e w es t it s uppl a n t ed a n a rr o w l a n e w hi c h led

fro m t h e ri ver ba n k t o a n o pen s p a c e lyi n g bet w een th e

-

mo d e r n S ma ll C a us e C o urt a n d S t J o h n s Ch urc hy a rd
’
. .

Its n a m e
i s de r i ved f ro m D a v id H a r e t h e w a t c h ma ke r ,

p h ila n t h m p h i s t a n d f a t h e r o f na t i v e ed uc a t i o n i n B e n a l
g ,

w ho s e res id e nc e i n t h e h o us e a t t he c o rn e r o f Ch urc h

La n e i s d uly c o mmemo r a t ed by a t a bl et In H a r e S t reet .

a re s i tua t e d t h e o fli c e o f t h e E n li s hm a n n e w s p a e r t h
g p e ,

Me tc a l fe H a ll w hi c h is e n t e ri ng upo n a n e w le a s e o f life
,

as t he I mperi a l L i bra r y a n d t he S ma l l C a use C o ur t

. Th e .

l a s t n a med o bs c ur es t he m emo ry o f t w o buildi n gs o f o lde n

t i me— t h e Ic e H o us e w h ic h w a s s w ep t a w a v i n 1 9 82 t o
,
326 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

ma k e w ay fo r it s ex ten s i o n o n t h e w es t , a nd t he M a ri ne
H o us e a n d M a s t er At t en d a n t s O fli oe w hi c h oc cup i ed t he
’
,

r em a i n d er o f t he s i t e a t t he c o rn er o f B a n k s h al l S t r eet .

Befo r e t h e Tr o ub l es o f 1 7 56 t h e M a ri n e H o us e ha d
,

been t h e ma n s i o n o f t he Pr es id en t o ut s id e t h e F o rt a n d
w en t by t he n a me o f t he C o m p a n y s H o us e
’
Th e ri v er .

fl o w ed i n t h o s e d a y s i m medi a t ely t o t he w es t a n d t he ,

m d
’

g a rd e n s a p p e a r t o h a v e e x t e n d e d fr o t h e w a t e r s e g e t o

Ta n k S q ua r e A f te r t he rec a p t ur e o f t h e c i t y by C l i v e
.

a n d W a t s o n t he h o us e w a s c o n v er t ed i n t o a m a r i n e y a rd o r
,

Ba n k s h al l ,
a s i t w a s n a med a f te r t he D ut c h w o rd o f

s i m il a r s i i fi t i d t t h e G h a t i n fr o n t o f i t ( n o w
g n c a o n a n ,
a

r epres en ted by t he P o li c e G h a t ) a d ry d oc k w a s c o n s t ruc t ,

ed fo r t he r ep a ir s o f pi lo t ve s s el s w hi c h w as n o t d i s m a n t led
-
,

a nd fi ll ed up un t il 1 808 To t h e s o ut h o f t hi s
. N ew
’
D oc k w a s G ill et s D o c ky a rd w h i c h s t oo d upo n t h e s o t
, p
o n c e o c c upi ed by t h e O l d M i n t a n d n ow b t h S t a t i r
y e o ne y
o ffi c e ,
as w e h a v e n o ted w he n p a s s i n g t h ro ug h C h urc h

La n e .

To t he ea s t of Ch urc h L a n e ,
a nd to t he h of
n o rt

t he o l d Ch urc hy a rd is a c ul de s a c O p en i n g o ut o f
,
- -
H a re
S t r ee t w h i c h i s k n o w n a s Ga rs ti n s P la c e Th e n a m e
’
.
,

pe r pe t ua t es t h e memo ry o f M a j o r Gen era l J o h n G a rs ti n -

,

t he a rc h i t ec t o f t h e To w n H a l l a n d o f t h e r e a t l h
g , g o a o r

g r a n a ry a t B a n ki p o r e t he d oo
,
r s o f w hi c h by s o m e s t r a n
g e

o v e r s i g h t a re c o n s t r uc t ed t o o p en i n w a rd s His d e a th too k .

pla ce in C a l c ut t a i n 1 820 a n d h e lies bur ie d in t h e S o uth

,

P a rk S t reet buryi n g g ro un d - He i s s a id t o h a ve b ui l t t h e
.

h o us es i n t he Pl a c e w i t h s o me o f t h e m a teri a l s o f t h e
O ld C o ur t H o us e w hi c h w a s de mo li s h ed i n 1 7 92 .
 328 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

T urn i n g t o t he ri g h t up K o il a G h a t S t reet w e fi n d our

l
s e ves o nc e m o re in D a lh o us i e S q ua re j us t by t h e G e nera l
Po s t O ffi c e .

Ta n k S q ua re ( n o w c a ll ed D a l h o us ie S q ua re) w a s , las t
i n t h e m iddl e o f th e c i t y " I t c o ve r s u p w
c e n t ury , . a rds

o f 233 a c re s of g r o und . It w as d ug , sa ys the D ut ch

a d m i r a l S t a v o ri n us w h o v i s i t ed t he s et t l emen t in 1 7 7 0 by ,

o rd e r o f G o v e r n me n t t o pr o v id e t h e i n h a b i t a n t s o f C a l c utt a
,

w i t h w a t e r w hi c h i s v ery s w eet a n d pl ea s a n t T h e n u m.
,

be r f s
o pri ng s w hi c h i t c o n t a n s mak e t
i s h e w a t e r i n i t a l m o s t

o n t h e s a me l e v el I t i s r a il ed ro un d n o
. o n e m ,
a y w a s h
"
in t i I t s fi s n a me
r t w a s T h e G re e n b e f o r e t h e F o rt .

I n ea rly d a vs w h e n t h e M a id a n w a s a m a s s o f j un g l e it .

w a s t h e pl a c e o f r ec r e a t i o n fo r t he C o mp a n y s f a c t o rs a nd
’
,

i n t h e m iddl e o f l a s t c en t ury it w a s t h e s ce n e o f m a n y a
m o o n li g h t s a un te r o f yo un g peo pl e a n d eld e rly o n e s t o o ,

w h o a m us ed t h e mse l v es o n t h e ba n k s o f t h e fi s h p o nd i n
”
t h e p a rk h l d i h li h v e ni ng
, ( a s i t w a s t e n c a l e ) n a n,
t e e g

b r e ez e s a n d t a lki n g o f t he f ri e n d s o f w h o m t h ey h a d h ea rd
,

n i n e m o n t h s b e fo re The t a n k w a s fo r m erly mo r e e x t e n
.

s i v e but w a s c le a n s ed a n d e m ba n k ed c o m l e t ely i n V V a rre n

, p
H a s t i n g s t i me It ha s a l w a y s bee n es t ee med t he s w ee t es t
’
.

w a t er in C a l c ut t a a n d un t i l t he i n t ro d uc t i o n o f t h e m un i
,

c i p a l w a t e r s upply w a s t h e c hi e f s o urc e o f s upply o f d ri n k

,

i n g w a t e r t o t he E uro pe a n c o mmun i t y .

Th e w es t e n r
id e o f D a lh o us i e S q ua re ha s w i t hi n t he
s

l a s t fi ve o r s i x y ea rs bee n n a med C h a rn o c k P la c e in h o n o ur
o f t he F a th e r o f C a l c ut t a I t i s a l mo s t en t i rel y ta k en up
.

w i t h p ubl i c o ffi c e s b ut un t il t h e c l o s i n y ea r o f t h i h
, g s e e g
t e e n t h c e n t ury i t w a s di s fi ur ed b t h d r li t r m i
g y e e e c e a n s
 m s ro mc HO U S ES A N !) FA M O US LO C A L I N E S
‘

. 329

of t h e O ld Fo rt a nd adj o i n i n g r h
w a e o us es . A p o rti o n
of t he r ui n s w a s i n 1 81 9 t o ma k e w a y
p ull ed d o w n ,

fo r t he C us to m H o us e a n d t he r ema i n d er w a s remo ve d
,

in 1 85 6 t o m a k e w a y fo r t h e n ew G ene ra l Po s t O ffi c e The .

ma s o n ry w a s o f s uc h s t ren gt h t h a t pi c k a x e a n d c r o w ba r - -

w er e o f n o a v a il a n d bl a s t i n g by g un p o w d er h a d t o be re
,

so rt ed t o A s ec t i o n o f t he o l d w a ll is s t ill v i s i ble
. It i s .

en o r m o us ly t h i c k a n d s t ron T h o ld b u ild e r s o f I n di a
g e .
,

like t h e R o ma n s p re ferre d t il es t o bri c k s fo r w a ll s

.
, .

The w a l l s o f t h e O ld F o rt ex t en d ed t o t he s i t e o f t he P o rt
Co mm i s s i o n er s O ffi c e in Ko il a G h a t S t re et in di gg i n g t he
’

fo un d a t i o n s fo r w hi c h fo rti fi c a ti o n s o f g re a t s t r en g t h w ere
,

di s c l o s e d S i mil a r d is c o v eri es w er e ma d e w h en c o n s t rue

.

t i ng t h e n e w E a s t In d i a n R a i lw a v o ffi c es a t t h e c o r n e r o f

Fa irl i e Pl a c e .

In t he r t h w e s t c o rn er o f Ly o n s R a n g e s t oo d t he
no -
’
,

Th ea t re o n a l a rge p lo t o f g r o un d n o w Oc c upi ed by t he
.

o ffi c e s of M es s rs Fi n l a y M ui r a n d C o . Thi s t h ea t r e .
,

w h i c h s e rv ed t h e s e t t le me n t fr o m 1 7 7 5 t o 1 808 w a s gen e ,

ra lly g r a c ed by a ma t e ur pe rfo r me r s a n d a bal l roo m w a s ,

a t t a c h ed w hi c h w a s t h e s c e n e o f ma n y a g a y g a t he ri n g
,
.

In t he d a y s o f C o rn w a ll is a n d W ell e s l ey t h e S t a te r ec ep ,

ti o n s a n d p ubl ic bre a k fa s t s w e r e h a bi t ua lly h eld h e re .

W ri te rs B uildi n g s w hi c h fi ll s t he w h o l e o f t he n o rt h
’
' '

s ide o f D a lh o us i e S q ua re is s o c a ll ed fro m h a v i n b i n
, g ee n

t he fi r s t i n s ta n c e e rec t e d fo r t he re s ide n c e o f t he w ri t er s o r ,

j un io r se rv a n ts o f t he C o mpa n y To t he w es t upo n .

t he s po t n o w c o v ere d by t he B en g a l L eg i s l a t i v e C o un c il

C ha m be r s too d th e fi rs t Ch urc h o f C a l c ut t a c al l ed S t ,
.

Thi s c h urc h is s a id t o h a v e been pe r fec t i n

’
An ne s .
330 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

co m po s i t i on ; i t s ple w a s v e ry l o fty a n d un c o mmo nl y

s t ee

ma g n i fic ien t It w a s buil t i n 1 7 1 6 w h en
.
g o ld w a s p len ty
,

a n d l a bo ur c h ea p ; c hi efl y by t he pi o us c o n t ri buti o n s o f sea

f a ri ng men Th e s t eepl e fell in t he ea rt hq ua k e o f 1 737

. ,

a n d t h e c h urc h i t s e lf w a s d e mo l i s h ed i n t he s i ege o f 1 7 56 .

Th er ea f t er fo r ma n y y ea rs ll a s t h e a d
i
t h e s te a s w e

j o i n i n g pl o t r ema i n ed w a s t e un til in O c t obe r 1 7 7 6 both , ,

p a rc el s w e re g ra n t ed t o M r Tho ma s Ly o n . fo r t he
p urp o s e o f erec t i n g a ra nge o f buildin gs fo r t he a c c o mmo
”
d a ti o n o f t he j un i o r s erv a n t s o f t he C o mp a n y The .

o ri g i n a l
p o t t a h r el a ti n g t o t h e t r a n s a c ti o n w a s di s c o v ered
by t h e l a t e M r R C S te r n d a l e d uri n g h is t en ur e o f o ffice
. . .
,

a s C o ll ec t o r o f C a l c ut t a i n t he e i g h t i es a n d i t i s r epro
,

d uc ed i n the i n t er es t i n g H i s t o ry o f t he C a l c ut t a C o ll ee
”
t o ra t e p u b li s h ed b
y h i m i n 1 8 8 5 Ly o n i s.o f c o urs e ,

t he n a me fa t h er o f t h e R a n ge w hi c h r un s i m me d i a t ely
-

be hi n d W ri te rs B uildi n g s but i t w o uld s ee m t h a t h e w a s

’

me rely t he o s t en s i bl e p urc h a s e r a n d w a s a c ti n g o n beh al f

o f R i c h a rd B a r w e ll t h e s o l i t a ry s uppo r t e r o f H a s t i ngs
,

in C o un c il a n d h ero o f t h e fa mo us c o mm a n d t o bring
mo re c urri c l es . F o r w h en t h e buil di ng w a s a ft er its ,

c o mpl e t io n , t a k en o v er i n 1 780 by G o ve r n me n t o n a
’
fi ve y ea r s l ea s e B a r w ell a n d n o t Ly o n a pp ea rs a s t he
,

o w n er .
“
M r B arw el l s h o use t a k en fo r fi v e y ea r s by his
.
’

o w n ra te a t c urr en t r up ees per a n n um t o be pa i d

”
h a lf y ea rly in a d v a n c e w ri tes F ra nci s i n h is di a ry under
-
,

d a t e F ebr ua ry 29t h
,
M r W h el e r a n d I dec l a re w e s hall
.

n o t s i g n t h e l ea s e A fe w d a y s l a t e r a ft e r th e ac c om
.

l i h m t f t hi h i hly t i s fa c t o ry b a rg a i n B a rw ell
p s e n o s g s a ,

r et i red a n d F r a n c i s rec ei ved a s tep in s en i o ri ty in Co unc il

332 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

e a r 1 7 88 a n a rr o w
rip o f t hst
e P a r a d e g r o u n d - on t he
y ,

s o u t h e r n s id e o f t h e Ta n k m a y b e s ee n w i t h q u a i n t fi g ures

o f M i li t i a m en i n t he fo reg ro un d .

Th e r e is q ui t e an i n te res t i n g hi s t o ry a t t a c he d t o t he p re
i
m s es N o 4 o n . t h e e a s t e r n s id e o f D a lh o u s i e S q u a r e n o w ,

i t e cc
n h o up a t i o n o f M es s r s W .N e w m . a n C o B y a p o t.

ta h r t ed o n S e p t e m b e r 5 t h 1 7 8 0 t h e l a n d u p o n w hi c h i t
g a n , ,

s t o o d i s d e s c ri be d a s o n e bi gg a h a n d 1 6 c o t t a h s o f t he

H o n o ur a bl e C o mp a n y s c a ma r o r un t en a n t ed l a n d s i t ua te
’

i n D hee C a l c ut t a
”
, a n d is
g r a n t e d t o Ch a rl e s W es t o n t h e ,

be n efa c t o r o f t he p oo r o f C a l c ut t a a n d fri e n d o f H o l w ell i n

h is o ld a ge w i t h a c o n di t io n t h a t
,
n o ho us e w a ll o r o t h er ,

e r ec t i o n o f a n y k i n d w h a t s o ev e r s h a ll be buil t upo n t he
“
g r o u n d e x c e p t i n g a p a li s a d e fe n c e o r r a ili n g
,
a nd ,on

f a ili n g o f t hi s c o n di t i o n t he g ro un d s h a ll rev e r t t o t he
,

C o mp a n y . I n 1 795 W es t o n s o ld t he l a n d fo r R s
,
.

w i t h t h e pro hi bi t i o n a t t a c hi n g t h er et o : a n d in 1 799 it

p a s s ed t o t he B a rret t o s .I t re ma i n ed w a s te fo r t h e n ex t
n i n e y ea r s a n d o n e o f t he p i c t ur es o f o ld C a l c ut t a w hi c h
,

h a n g o n t he s t a irc a se o f t he M et c a l fe H a ll s h o w s t he ba re
e x p a n s e o f l a n d bet w e en Ta n k S q ua r e a n d Ki e rn a n der s
'

C h urc h i n M i s s i o n R o w Th e r es t ri c t i o n w a s fi n a ll y re
.

mo v ed o n t he 8t h M a y 1 806 by v ir t ue o f a c e r t a i n
, ,
l ett er
he a ri n g d a t e C o un c il Ch a mbe r t he s a me d a y un d er t he
,
-
,

si
g n a t u r e o f T h o m a s B r o w n S e c r e
, t a ry t o t h e G o v e r n m en t

o f F o rt W illi a m i n Be n
”
g a l i n t h e P u b li c D e p a r t m e n t A .

h o us e w a s t he re upo n buil t a n d bet w een 1 830 w h en it w as

, ,

i n t he oc c up a t i o n o f M es s rs Alp o r t a n d C o . a n d 1 833 it
.
, ,

p a s s ed i n t o t h e p o s s es s i o n o f t h e Be n a l Cl ub
g I t w a s
. s old
fo r R s . i n 1 836 by t h e a s s i g n ee s o f t he i n s ol ven t
 HI S TO R IC HO U S ES AN D FA MO U S L O C A L I TI E S . 333

fi rm Cr ut t en de n M a c kill o p a n d C o t o J a me s W ill i a m
of .
,

M a c l eo d : a n d re t a i n s i t s d es i g n a t i o n o f t he Cl ub
”
H ous e in a l ett er o f A ug us t 1 841 i n w hi c h a pro po s a l o f
, ,

p urch a s e fo r R s i s ma d e by M es s rs J en ki n s L a w
. .

a n d Co t o Th o m a s D eSo uz a a n d C o
.
,
I n 1 882 t he p re .
,

mi s es w er e p urc h a s ed by t he l a t e S i r Vl a l te r D e s o uz a f o r
'

R s l 80 000 a n d w e r e s o ld by h im a fe w y ea r s l a t e r fo r
.
, ,

Rs .
— a fi g ure n ea rly s i x t y t i mes a s g r ea t a s t h a t

w hi c h ho n es t Ch a rl es W e s t o n w a s g l a d t o n a me i n 1 7 95 .

Th e pre s e n t O c c up a n t s d a t e t h e i r po s s es s i o n fro m 1 882 .

In 1 870 t he t e n a n t s o f t h a t da y el ec ted to be k n o w n a s
,

”
Bo d e l io s E mp or i um o f F a s hi o n
'
.

l a n s i t t a rt R is a h o r t c ul de s a c i s s ui n g fro m D a l
'

ow s - -

ho us i e S q ua r e S o ut h a n d w ill be fo un d i mm edi a te ly t o t h e
,

w es t o f VV c lles ley Pl a c e I t is s h o w n in bo t h t h e ma p s o f
.

1 7 84 a n d 1 7 9 4 a n d t h e r e c a n be li t tl e d o ubt t h a t it i s n a me d
,

a f t er He n ry V a n s i t t a rt w ho s uc ce ed ed H o l w ell a s G o v er
,

n o r o f B en
g a l i n 1 7 6 0 a n d h e ld t he o ffi ce un t il 1 76 4 H i s .

a ppo i n t m e n t w a s d ue t o t h e r ec o m men d a t i o n o f Cli v e a n d

w a s m uc h r es e n t ed by t he C o unc il a t Fo r t W illi a m w h o

w e re a ll s e n i o r t o h i m O n D ece mber 29th 1 7 59 t h e v

.
, ,

a ddr es s ed a pr o t e s t t o t he D ir ec t o r s w ho re pli ed in J a n
n a ry 2 1 s t 1 76 1 by di s mi s s i n g H o l w ell a n d t h e o t h e r
, ,

s i g n a t o ri e s fro m t h e i r o ffi c i a l pl a c e s D uri n g V a n s it t a r t s
'

a d mi n i s t r a t i o n o c c urr e d t h e o v e r t hr o w o f M e e r C a s s i m a n d

t h e ma s s a c r e a t l a t n a in O c t o ber 1 7 6 3 w h en 1 50 E n g li s h
’
, ,

m e n w e re m urde re d by t he r en eg a d e S umro o A fte r .

b e i ng r el ie ved o f t he G o v er n me n t by J o h n S p en c e r ,

V a n s i t t a rt s a i le d fo r E n gl a n d a n d bec a me me mber o f
P a rli a me n t fo r R e a di ng a n d a D i r ec t o r o f t he C o m p a n y
33 4 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

but i n 1 7 69 , h e w a s s e n t o ut I n di a by t he C o ur t a s one of
to

t he t hr ee C o m mi s s i o n ers a pp o i n t ed fo r t he p urp os e of

red uc i ng e x pen di t ure a n d c h ec ki ng a bus es H is fellow .

C o m mi s s i o n ers w e re bo t h rema rk a bl e men Co lonel .

F r a n c i s Fo rd e th e c a p t ur e r o f R a j a h mun dry an d M a s ul i
,

p a t a m fro m t he F r en c h i n 1 7 59 bec a me Cli ve s s econd

,
’

i n c o m ma n d i n B en g a l He w a s rea dy t o a s s i s t Cl iv e in
.

h i s o p er a t i o n s a g a i n s t t he D ut c h a t Chi n s ur a h i n 1 7 66 a nd ,

it w a s t o h im t h a t Cli v e w r o t e h i s fa mo us n o te o n the
ba c k o f a pl a yi n g c a rd a t t a c k a t o n c e : w ill sen d o rd er

i n C o unc il a ft er w a rd s . Fo rd e did a t t a c k a n d w o n a
c o m pl ete v i c t o ry . In t he fo ll o w i n g yea r he r et urn ed to ,

E ng l a n d w i t h C li ve a n d it w a s ma i n ly Cli v e s a d v o c a c y of
’
,

h is c l a i ms t h a t br o ug h t a bo ut t h e hi s t o ri c q ua r re l w i t h the
S uli v a n p a r t y i n t he I n di a H o use L uk e Sc r a ft o n the
.
,

t h ird C o mm i s s i o n e r w a s t h e j un i o r merc h a n t w ho h a d bv
,

Cl iv e s c o m ma n d t o ld O m ic h a n d t h a t th e Re d P a pe r g i ven
’

t o h i m w a s a t ri c k a n d t h a t he w o uld g a i n n o t hi n g by t he

t re a t y w i t h M eer J a ffe r . Th ey w ere a c c o mp a n i ed bv

W illi a m H i r s t w ho h a d been Ch a pl a i n i n t he Ba y f rom
'

1 7 62 t o 1 7 6 4 a n d p re a c h ed t h e se r mo n i n c o m me m o r a t i on
,

o f t he ma s s a c re a t P a t n a Hir s t w a s q ui t e o n e o f t he
.

mo s t a c c o mpli s h ed m en w h o h a v e bel o n ge d t o t he C h urc h

i n Be n g a l . He h a d v i s i t ed Li s bo n a fte r t he ea rt hq ua k e o f
1 7 55 G eo rg i us S ec un d us w a s t h en a li ve S n uffy o ld ,
”—
d ro n e f r o m t h e G er m a n Hi v e a n d ma d e a c a r e ful s t ud v

o f t h e r ui n ed c i t y . W h ile s t a yi n g a t Gov ern men t Ho use .

M a dr a s in J un e 1 7 6 1 h e w a s a bl e t o o bs er v e a t ra n s i t
, , ,

of V e n us o f w hi c h h e t ra n s m i t t ed a f ull ac co un t t o
t h e R o y a l S oc ie t y : a n d p o s t eri t y is a ls o i n d ebted t o h im

fo r d es c rip t i o n s o f t h e t w o v i o l en t ea r t hq ua k e s w hi c h
 336 CA L C U TTA ow AN D N EW.

O li v er Cr o mw ell w h o w a s Go v er n o r o f
,
Fo r t S t . G eo rge,
w h en i t w a s c a p t ured by La B o urd o n n a i s i n 1 7 46 , a nd w ho
di ed a t M a dr a s i n 1 7 72 a t t he a ge o f 7 2 .

L a ll B a za r st ret c h i n g fr o m t h e n o rt h ea s t c o rn er o f
D a lh o us i e S q ua re t o B o yt a c o n n a h ( w hi c h w e s h a ll p re

s en t ly i n v es t ig a t e) w as s ai d in 1 7 68 to be t he bes t
r
s t eet i n C a l c ut t a . ll ed i n e a rly d a y s t he
It w as ca

a n d in Th o m a s Ly o n s p o t t a h
’
Av en ue t o t h e eas t w a rd
o f O c t o be r ,
1 7 7 6 w hi c h w e h a ve j us t been c o n s id eri n g i n
,

o ur s ur vey o f t he hi s t o ry o f W ri t er s
"
B uildi n g s it is de s ,

c ri bed a s t he g r ea t r o a d l ea di n g fr o m Ho l w ell s mo n u
’

men t by t h e s o ut h fr o n t o f t he C o urt H o us e t o t he S a l t
W a t er L a k e a n d k n o w n by t he n a me o f G r ea t B un ga l o
R oa d The mo d ern P o li c e O fli c e w a s t he res id en c e o f
J o h n P a l me r o ne o f t he merc h a n t p rin c es o f C a l c ut t a
,
.

Hi s fa t h er w a s s ec ret a ry t o \V a rron H a s t i n g s He .

w as n o t ed fo r h is h os pita l i t y , a n d o n o n e o c c a s i o n
e n t e r t a i n e d t w o Go v e rn o r Ge ne r a l s O n t h e o pp o s i t e s i d e
-
.

o f t he s t r eet s t oo d t he o ld J a il o f C a l c ut t a o f w hi c h w e ,
,

t li m p s e i n a r ep o r t o f a s el ec t c o m m i t t ee o f t h e
g e a g
H o us e o f C o mmo n s p ubli s he d i n 1 782 I t w a s s ai d t o b e
,
.

a n o ld r ui n o f a h o us e fo r me rly t he res ide n c e o f s o m e

,

bl a c k n a t i v e . In t he c en t r e o f t h e e n c l os ur e w a s a t a n k
w h er e eve ry o n e pro m i s c uo us ly ba t hed a n d w a s h ed t he i r
”
c l o t h es . E uro p ea n pri s o n e rs w e re g e n e r a lly p e r mi t t e d
t o e r ec t s ma ll b a mbo o m a t h ut s n e a r t hi s t a n k -
but it w a s
i mpo s s i bl e t o ex i s t fo r a n y l en g t h o f t i me i n t he fo ul ,

po is o n o us a t mo s ph ere Th ere w a s n o j a il a ll o w a n c e a n d
.

n o i n fi rma ry a n d m a n y di ed fr o m s h ee r w a n t o f t he n ec e s
,

s a rie s o f life The h o us e n ex t t o t h e Po li c e O fli c e

.
,
 HI S TO R IC HO U S E S A N D F AM O U S L O C A L IT I E S . 337

fo r merly t he S a i l o r s H o me but n o w p ull ed d o w n a n d re

’
,

ed by t h e M ag i s t r a t e s C o ur t w a s t he f a mo us H a r
’

p l a c ,

m o n ic Ta v ern t he h a n d s o mes t h o us e o f i t s d a y i n C a l c utt a

, .

M rs F a y w ri t es o f i t i n 1 780
.
— “
I fel t fa r mo re g r a t i fi ed
s o me t i me ag o w he n M rs J a c k s o n p roc uned me a ti c k et
.

f o r t he H a r mo n i c w hi c h w a s s upp o rt ed by a s el ec t n um
,

b er o f g en tl emen w h o e a c h i n a lph a beti c a l r o t a t i o n g i ve

, , ,

a c o nc er t ha ll a n d S upp er d uri n g t h e c o ld s ea s o n I be
, , ,

l i e v e o n c e a fo r t n i gh t
,
Th ere w e r e m a n y o t he r h o t el s
.

a n d h o us es o f e n t e r t a i n men t i n t h e s t r eet a t o n e O f w hi c h , ,

”
t he L o n d o n , en t e r t ai n me n t s w er e f urn i s h ed a t a g o ld

m o h ur a h ea d ex c l us i v e o f d es s er t a n d w i nes
, At t h e .

c o ffee h o us es a s i n g l e di s h o f c o ff ee c o s t o n e r up ee
, .

T he ro a d L a ll B a z a r t o M a n go e L a n e c a ll ed
fro m ,

M i s s i o n R ow w a s fo r me rly n a med t h e R o pe l V a Zk a n d
, ,

w a s t he s c en e o f h a rd fig h t i n g a t t h e t i me o f t h e s i ege o f

C a l c ut t a i n 1 756 Tw o h o us es i n t hi s s t r eet h a v e been dis

.

t i n g uis h c d by t a bl et s N o 8 w a s t he h o us e o f G ene ra l S i r
. .
,

J o h n Cl a v eri n g c o ll ea g ue o f H a s t i n g s a n d F ra n c i s i n
,

C o un c il a n d he di ed t he re o n A ug us t 30t h 1 7 77 N o 1 , .
,

w a s t h e r es id e n c e o f C o l o n el t h e Ho m ble Ge o rge M o n s o n
’

F r a n c i s s ec o n d fa i t h f ul s upp o r t er w ho di ed a t H o o g hly i n
’

1 7 76 Th e s t reet d eri v es i t s prese n t n a me f ro m t he o ld

.

M i s s i o n Ch urc h e s t a bli s hed by J o h n Z a c h a ri a h Ki er n a n

,

d er i n 1 7 70 Th e h o us e a t t h e c o rn er O f M i s s i o n R o w a n d
.

L a ll B a z a r s t a n d s o n t he s i t e o f w h a t w a s t he pl a y h o us e o f
t h e s ett leme n t in d a y s befo re t he B l a c k H o le
, Th e e a s t .

e rn s id e o f D a lh o us i e S q ua r e did n o t the n ex i s t a n d t he ,

R op e W a lk fo r med t he bo un d a ry o f t he g rea t Ta n k in
t h a t di r ec t i o n A few do o r s fr o m t he pl a y h o us e w a s t he
.

22
338 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

r e s ide n c e o f L a dy R us s ell w id o w o f S ir F ra n c i s R us s ell

, ,

s i x t h ba ro n et o f Chipp en h a m i n t he c o un t y o f C a mb ri d e
g ,

w h o w a s a mem ber o f C o un c il a t F o r t “ il l ia m i n 1 73 1 a n d
'

s ucc eed ed t o t he t i t l e i n 1 7 38 A f t er h er h us ba n d s d e a t h
’
.

a t C a l c ut t a i n 1 7 43 s he a pp ea r s t o h a ve ma rri ed a me rch a n t
,

o f t he n a me o f Th o ma s H o l me s i n t h e fo ll o w i n g y ea r : b ut

t o h a v e r et a i n ed h er fo r me r s t yle W e fi n d h er a mo n g .

t h e r ef ugees a t F ul t a a f t er S er a j ud D o w la h s c a pt ur e O f
’
- -

t h e S et t l emen t a n d s he m us t h a v e die d t h e r e fo r h er w ill

, , ,

d a t ed A ugus t 24t h 1 756 w a s pr o v ed in the M a y o r s C o urt

, ,
’

in Th e f a m i l y w a s c l o s ely c o n n ec t ed w i t h O l i v e r
Cr o mw ell w h o s e f a v o urit e d a ug ht er F r a n c es w a s t h e
,

r a n d mo t h e r o f S i r F r a n c i s R us s ell a n d mo t h e r o f J o h n
g
R us s ell G o v ern o r o f Fo r t l V illia m fr o m 1 7 1 1 t o 1 7 1 3
,
.

The na me O f M a n g o e L a n e te ll s
r eet it s ow n t a le . The st

is pl a i n ly s h o w n i n \ V ill s m a p o f 1 753 r un n i n g i n w i n d i n g
’
,

fa s hi o n ( a s it s t ill d oes ) fr o m t he R ope \V a lk t o Be n t i n c k

S t r ee t . A t N o 25 w h e r e M es s r s Ly a ll M a r s h a l l
.
,
Co . .
,

n o w h a v e t h ei r o ffi c e a n d Mes s rs ,
C a rli s le s N e ph ew s a n d .

Co .
,
pr ec ed ed t h em in t he s even t i es w a s fo r me rly l oc a t ed ,

t h e g re a t ba n ki n g fi rm o f B a rr et t o Co w hi c h f a i led .
,

i n 1 827 .Th e h o us e w a s o n e o f t he few t h a t h a d a t r ea

s ure v a ult B a rre tt o s L a n e w hi c h co mme n c es a t 4
’
.
,

M a n g o e L a n e a n d c o n n ec t s w i t h B ri t i s h I n di a n S t ree t ,

c o m m e mo r a t es o n e o f t he me rc h a n t pri n c e s O f t h e fi rm .

J o s ep h B a rret t o w ho di ed in 1 824 w a s n o t o n ly a ma n o f
, ,

l a rg e w ea l t h b ut c o uld i n a ddi t i o n la y c l a i m t o be i n g a
,

g o o d P e rs i a n sc hola r H e l a r g ely h e.l p e d i n t h e e r ec

t i o n o f t he R o m a n C a t h o li c C a t h edr a l i n M o o rg h ih a t t a o f ,

w h ic h t h e fo un d a t io n w a s l a id i n 1 7 9 7 a n d a t a bl et un d e r
340 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

w a s o n ce t he res id en c e o f Cli v e To h i m s uc c eed ed Phi l i p

.

F r a n c i s w ho w o uld s eem t o h a v e di v id ed h is ti me bet w ee n

,

t he h o us e in t o w n a n d t h e v ill a a t Alip o re w h ere R i c h ,

”
mo n d Th a c k er a y c a me a ft er hi m H er e I li ve w ri t es
.
,

F r a n c i s t o J o h n B urk e s o n o f t he o r a t o r
, ma s te r o f t h e ,

fi n es t h o us e i n B eng a l w i t h a hun d r ed s e rv a n t s a c o un t ry
, ,

h o us e a n d s p a c i o us ga rd en s h o rs es a n d c a rri a ges ye t s o
, , ,

p er v e r s e i s my n a t ure t h a t t he d ev il t a ke me i f I w o uld n o t
e x c h a n g e t h e bes t d i n n e r a n d t he be s t c o mp an y I ev er s a w

in B en g a l fo r a b re a k fa s t a n d c l a r et a t t he H o rn a n d le t
me c h o o s e my c o mp a n y O f t he ex a c t w h erea bo ut s o f t h e
.

fi n es t h o us e i n B en g a l w e a re a ffo rd ed a n i n di c a t i o n b y
,

t h e e v id e n c e O f a w i t ne s s i n t h e f a mo us a c ti o n fo r c ri m i

n a l c o n v er s a t i o n w i t h t h e w ife o f t h e pl a i n t i ff b ro ug h t
by t he h us ba n d o f M a d a m G r a n d a g a i n s t F r a n c i s in F eb
M ee run G r a n d s khid ma tg a r id e n t i fi es t h e
’
rua ry ,
1 7 79 .
, ,

m a n h e s a w a t h is m a s t er s h o us e a s M r F ra nc i s the
’

C o un s el l o r w h o li v es beh i n d t he pl a yh o us e
,
Th i s i s o f .

c o ur s e t he n ew pl a y h o us e w hic h w e h a v e a l rea dy l oc a t ed
,

a t t h e c o r n e r O f Ly o n s R a n g e o n t h e s i t e o f M es s r s Fi n la y
’
.

M ui r a n d C o m p a n y s fi n e o ffi c es
’
A t a blet o n t h e R o y a l
.

E x c h a n g e buildi n g a ppri z es t he s t r an g er o f t h e hi s t o ri c a l
a s s oc i a t i o n s it p o s s e s s e s but s o me w h a t un a c c o un t a bly t h e
B o n d ed W a r eh o us e o ppo s i t e r ema i n s un di s t i n ui s h ed
'

g .

It w a s t he h o me o f t he fa mo us B eg um J o h n s o n w ho s e ,

t o mb i n S t J o h n s c h urc hy a rd c o mmemo r a t es h er fo ur
’
.

m a rri a g es a n d the e ve n t ful hi s to ry o f he r li fe .

hic h r un s from Cl iv e S t reet to t h e S t ra n d

F a i rl i e P l a c e, w
R o a d i mmedi a t ely t o th e n o rth o f t h e E a s t I n di a n R ai lw a y
,

C o mp a n y s o fli c es o w es it s n a me t o W illi a m F a i rli e a
’
, ,
 m s ro mc HO USES AN D FAM O U S L O C A L IT I E S . 34 1

d i s t i n g ui s h ed C a lc ut t a me rc h a n t o f t he t i me o f W el les ley .

I n t he C a lc utta Ga z et te o f A pril 25t h 1 7 99 he a ppea r s a s a , ,

c a n d id a te fo r a c o n t ra c t fo r s upplyi n g a n d f eedi n g el e

h t n d c a mel s fo r t he s e rv i c e o f th e A r m y i n t he B e n a l
p a n s a g
P r es i den c y . The f ull c o m pli men t o f el eph a n t s ma i n t a i n ed
a p pe a r s t o h a v e bee n 200 a n d o f c a me l s 90 : w hil e t h e
,

c h a r g e fo r t he k e ep a n d feed o f a s i n g le a n i ma l i s s et d o w n ,

fo r el eph a n t s R s 30/ t o R s 40/ a mo n t h a n d fo r c a mel s

. .
-
,

a mo n t h F a irli e s n a me o c c ur s fre
’
R s l l / to R s 1 3
. . .

u e n t ly a o n o f t h e Ge n t l e m en o f t h e g ra n d j ur y a nd
q s e

o n D ec e mbe r 5 t h , he h a d t h e pri v ilege a s fo rema n o f

p r es e n t i n g t he a dd res s t o S i r J o h n An s t r ut he r t h e Chi ef ,

J us t i c e i n w hi c h p er mi s s i o n w a s a s k ed fo r t h e pl a c i n g i n
,

t he To w n H a l l o f t h e po r t r a i t w h i c h n o w h a n gs i n t he H i g h

C o ur t. He a pp ea r s t o h a ve bee n a s en i o r m embe r o f
t he fi rm o f F a i rli e Gil mo re a n d C o
,
a n d h is n a m e h ea d s
.
,

t h e li s t o f t h e C o m mi s s i o n e r s o f t h e C a l c ut t a E x c h a nge

Lo tt ery a d v er t i s ed in t he G a z et t e i n 1 799 F a i rli e Pl a c e .

fi g ure s i n Upj o h n s ma p o f 1 7 9 4 a s a p a s s a ge w i t h o ut n a me
’

l ea d i n g t o t he O ld Fo rt G h a t H ere s t oo d pri o r t o 1 7 56
.
,

M r C rut t en den s ma n s i o n a n d s pa c i o us g r o un d s w hi c h
.
’ '

w e re b ur n t d o w n o n t he s ec o n d n i gh t o f t he s i eg e o f t h e
'

F o rt by Sera j ud D o w l a h
- -
.

C li v e G ha t S t reet is t he r i
s ec o n to the d of t he t u n n g s

w es t w hi c h c o n n ec t Cli v e S t re e t w i t h t he S t r a n d R o a d .

Th e ri ve rs id e Gh a t a t it s w es t e r n e nd w a s fo r merly k n o w n
a s B l y t he s G h a t fr o m a s hip b uilde r o f t h a t n a me
’
a n d it ,

is s o m a rked in W oo d s ma p o f 1 7 84 The v er n a c ul a r
’
.

n a me o f t h e s t r eet i s I S mi th G h a t k e ra s t a a n d pr es e rv es
’
- -
.

t h e n a me o f C a pt a i n M a t t h ew S mi t h o f t he C o mp a n y s
’
342 CA L C U TT A O LD AN D N EW .

N a vv, w h o up o n h i s
r e t ir e m e n t a f t e r a l o n g p eri od o f s e r

i
v c e s t a te
r d i r o n w o rk s a
- n d a s hip b u ildi n g b u s i n es s a t

H o w ra h He di ed in 1 822 a t t he a ge o f 54 a n d h is t omb
. , ,

i s a mo n g t h o s e in t he S o ut h P a rk S t r eet buri a l g ro un d - .

B o n fi eld La n e m me n c i n g f r o m N o 33
Cli ve S t reet
’
s co .
, ,

I t w ill be fo un d i n W o o d s ma p o f
’
is a n o ld s t reet .

1 784 a n d pr o ba bly o w e s it s n a me t o a w ell k n o w n a uc

,
-

t io n ee r o f t he d a y o f \V a rre m H a s t i n g s w ho h a d h is pr em i
s e s h e re . The fo ll o w i n g a d v e r t i s emen t a ppea rs i n t he C a l
c ut t a G a z e t te o f A ug us t 5t h 1 7 74 : O n Th ur s d a y t h e
, ,

2n d S e p t e mbe r n e x t w ill be s o ld by publi c o utc ry by M r

,
.

B o n fi eld a t h is a uc t i o n r oo m i f n o t befo r e s o ld by pri v a t e

,

s a l e t h a t e x t en s i ve piec e o f g r o un d belo n g i n g t o W a rr en
,

H a s t i n g s E s q c a ll ed R is he ra ( I s h a ra ) s i t ua t ed o n t h e
,
.
,

w es t e r n ba n k o f t h e riv er t w o mil es be l o w S er a m po re c o n

s i s t i n g o f 1 36 beg h a s 1 8 o f w hi c h a re l a khera ge l a n d o r
,

l a n d p a yi n g n o r en t A c o m me mo r a t i v e t a blet id en t i fi e s
.

t hi s h o us e a t R is h e ra w hi c h i s n o w i n c l ud e d w i t h i n t h e

c o m p o un d o f t h e Ha s t i n g s J ut e M ill s .

C a n n i n g S t ree t , w hi c h co m me n c es fro m N o. 28, S t r an d

Roa d , a nd r un s t hro ug h t o t he C hi t po re R o a d a t rig h t
a n g l es t o Cli v e S t r e t' i s n a med o f c o ur s e a f t e r t h e fi r s t
e
, , ,

V ic ero v o f I n di a I t s o ld e n n a me o f M urgh ih a t t a s t i l l
.

c li n g s t o i t i n t he v e r n a c ul a r a n d w a s bes t o w e d upo n i t ,

bec a us e i t w a s t h e q ua r te r i n w hi c h t h e P o rt ug ues e l n
”
h a bi t a n t s o f C a l c ut t a li v ed a n d h eld a f o w l ma rket “
.

l t fig ur es in W o o d s ma p o f 1 784 F ro m N o 1 00 i n t he
’
. .
,

s t r ee t i s s ues P o rt ug ues e C hurc h S treet w hi c h proc eed s

i n a s o ut h erly di rec t i o n a s fa r a s A r men i a n S treet Th i s .

i s a l s o a n o ld C a l c ut t a S t ree t : a n d t he o ld Po rt ug ues e
344 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D s aw .

f ro m S t r a n d R o a d bet w e en A rmen i a n G h a t M ull ic k

’
a nd s

G h a t , is na med fte r R a j a w a n t a S i n g h n eph ew o f t he

a ,

fa mo us M a h a ra j a h D ebi S i n g h w ho w a s a ppo i n t ed D ew a n
o f B e n g a l i n 1 7 7 3 o n t he fo r ma t i o n o f t he Pro v i n c i a l C o un

c il s i n t h a t y ea r w a n t a S i n g h w a s a ma n o f g r ea t
.

w ea l t h a nd l a rg e c o m merc i a l d e a l in g s The B ri t i s h .

Go v e r n men t bei n g c o mp ell ed t o t a k e up a r m s a g a i n s t t h e

R ew a h R a j a h req ues te d L dw a n t a t o j o i n h is tro o p s
'

w i t h t ho s e o f G o v er n me n t He w a s fo r s o me t i me D ew a n
.

o f Al i J a h ,
N a w a b N a z i m o f B en g a l f ro m 1 81 0 t o 1 82 1
o
.

The pr es en t r epr es e n t a t i ve o f t he fa mily w hi c h h a s i t s

s ea t a t N a s h i po re in t h e M o o rs h eda ba d di s t ri c t is R a j a h

R a n a j i t S i n g h B a h a d ur .

Proc eedi n g n o r t h a l o n g t he S t r a n d R o a d p a s t t he M i n t ,

w e p a s s ma n y G h a t s o f li t t le o r n o n o te un t il w e a rri v e a t

t h e B a ug B a z a r G h a t w hi c h fo r merly bo r e t he n a me o f
,

R og h o o Mi t t e r s G h a t a f t er t h e s o n o f G o v i n dra m M i t t e r
’
,

t h e Bl a c k o r D e p ut y Z e mi n d a r o n e o f t h e mo s t w ea l t hy
,

a n d i n fl uen t i a l n a t i v es o f C a l c ut t a o n e h un dred a n d fo r t y
,

y ea r s a go .

N i mt o lla h C ha t i n t he ex t eme
r
r t h i s t he bur ni n g
no

g h a t
,
w h e r e Hi n d o o s o f a l l r a n k s c re m a t e t h e i r d e a d .

The pr oc es s h a s m uc h t o c o mmen d i t fr o m a s a n i t a ry

p o i n t o f v i ew , bu t t h e v i s i t o r i s n o t a d v i s e d t o m a k e a ny

c l ose per s o n a l a c q ua i n t a n c e w i t h i t s d et a il s D o o rg a.

C ha ra n M o o k e rj ee s Gh a t t o t he no r t h o f B a ug B a z a r G ha t
’

w a s buil t by a B r a h mi n D ew a n o f t h e O pi um Ag en c y a t

P a t n a w ho g a ve i t h is n a me

Abo ve N i mt o lla h a nd be t w een B en ia t o lla h and S o bh a

 ms t o w o HO US ES AN D F AM O U S L O C A L I T IE S 345

b a z a r Gha ts l urk s fo rg o t te n t he t r a di t i o n a l l an di n g pl a c e
o f J o b C ha rn oc k a n d h i s c o m p a n i o n s M o hun t o n s Gha t ’
.

i s s a id t o c o v e r t h e s i t e o f t he o ld So o t a lo o t y G h a t ,

w he reby a c c es s w a s ha d t o t he v ill a g e o f w ea ve r s a t So o t a

loo t y o r C hutt a n ut ty w h os e i n d us t ry is s a id to h a v e a t t r a e
,

t ed t h e E n g li s h fa c t o rs t o t he s p o t At C h utt a n ut t y .

Po i n t t h e r e s to o d in o ld en d a y s a g r ea t t r ee w hi ch

s er v ed a s a s ea ma rk t o pil o t s a n d h as been id en t i fi ed by
-

s o me a s t h e fa mo us Bo y t a c o n n a h t r ee un d e r w hi c h t h e
F a t he r o f C a l c ut t a s a t a n d mus ed .

R e t r a c i ng p s un t il w e a rri v e o nc e mo re a t H o w r a h
o ur s t e

B rid g e w e fi n d a b r o a d t h o ro ug h fa re o n o ur l e ft
,
Thi s i s .

t he H a rris o n R o a d w h i c h r un s s t r a i g h t fro m t h e H o w r a h

B rid ge t o t he S eal d a h R a il w a y S t a t i o n I t i s o f t he un i
.

fo r m brea d t h o f 7 5 feet a n d is n a med a f t er S ir H e n ry Ha r

ri so n t he Ch a i r ma n o f t he C o rpo r a t i o n by w h o m t he
, ,

sc h e me w a s i n a ug ur a te d a n d ma t ur ed B eg un in D ec e m
.

be r 1 889 i t w a s c o mpl eted i n 1 892 a n d ma n y a n o v er

, , ,

c r o w d ed t e n emen t a n d n a rro w fes t eri n g l a ne h a s been

s w e p t a w a y by i t s c o n s t ruc t i o n It w a s li g h t ed t h r o ug h
.

o ut by elec t ric t y ; but g a s h a s no w been s ubs t i t ute d Vi e

'

a re n o w in t he h e a rt o f t he p ure ly I n di a n q ua r t e r M a ny .

o f t h e s tr eet s a re c a ll ed a f t er t h e o c c up a t i o n s o f t he fo r me r

re s i d en t s a n d d a te fro m t he p erio d w he n H o l w ell un d er

’
t he D i r ec to r s o rde r s a ll o t te d s ep a r a t e di s t ri c t s t o t he
,

”
C o mpa n y s w o rk men
’
O f s uc h a re S uri pa ra h ( t he pl a c e
.

o f t h e w i ne s el la s M a ida put ty ( t he fl o ur ma rk et ) C ol o o -
,

t o lla h ( t h e pl a c e o f o il me n ) Chut t a rpa ra h ( t h e pl a c e o f

,

c a rp en te r s ) C hun a m Gully ( Li me l a n e) M o lun g a ( t he p la c e

, ,

t he s a lt w o rk s ) A h ee ri t o lla h ( h rd r r )
’
o f ,
-
, co w e s q ua t e ,
346 CA L C U TTA OLD AN D N EW .

( ma rt o l ly ( po t t ers q ua rt er ) O t he r s t r eet a n d l o c a
’
'

oo .

l it ies a g a i n a re n a m ed a f t er Hi n d o o D ei t i es or fro m ,

pro mi n en t n a t ur a l o bj ec t s I n t he fo r mer c a teg o ry m a y

.

be pl a c ed C h a ra kda n ga ( t he pl a c e o f t he h oo k s w i n g i n g
f es t i v a l o f S i v a ) a n d a c c o rdi n g t o s o me B urra ba z a r ( fro m
,

bura old m a n a s S i v a i s o ft en c a ll ed by h is de v o tees )

, ,
To .

t he l a t te r m us t be a s s i g n ed n a me s s uc h a s N i m t o l l a h .

N e but o tla h a n d A mra t o lla h w hic h a re a ll i n ten d ed t o

, ,

r ec a ll t he p a r t i c ul a r t r ees w hi c h w e re o n c e c o n s pi c uo us i n
t h es e l oc a l i t i es I n m a n y o t h er s t he n a me o f pro mi n e n t
.
,

res id en t s i n ea rly d a y s a re c o m me mo ra t ed a s i n t he c a s e ,

o f t he s t re et s i n t he E ur o p ea n q ua r t e r .

M eet i n g t h e H a rri s o n R o a d ri gh t a n g l e s is t he C h i t
at ,

p o re R o a d w hi c h r ema i n s m a t e ri a lly u n a l te r ed a f t e r t h e

l a p s e o f mo re t h a n a c en t ury I t rec eiv ed i t s n a me fro m .

t he go dd es s C h i t es w a ri w h o h a d a s pl en did t empl e h e re ,

er ec t ed by G o v i n dra m M i t te r w h e re h uma n s ac ri fi c es,

w er e fo r merly o ffer ed The l o ft y d o me o f t he t em ple

.

w hi c h w e n t by t h e n a me o f t h e N a ba rut n a o r S hri n e o f t he

N i n e J ew el s fell w i t h a c r a s h i n t he ea r t hq ua ke o f 1 7 37
,

a n d i t i s n o w i n r ui n s Th i s g r ea t t h o ro ug hfa re w h i ch
. ,

c o mme nc i n g i n t he e x t re me s o ut h a s s umes t he v a ri o us ,

n a mes o f R us s a R oa d C ho w ri n g hee R oa d Be n t i n c k S tr ee t
, , ,

C h it p o re R o a d a n d B a rr a c kp o re Tr un k R o a d fo r ms a
, ,

c o n t i n ua t i o n o f t h e D um D um Ro a d a n d w a s t he o ld li n e
-

o f c o m m un i c a t i o n be t w ee n M o o rs hed a ba d a n d K a l igha t .

I t i s s a id t o o c c upy t h e s i t e o f t he o ld ro a d m a d e by t he
S a v a rn a C ho w d hry s t he o ld Z e mi n d a rs o f C a l c ut t a fro m
, ,

B a ri s a w h e re t h e j un i o r b ra nc h res id ed
, t o H a li s a h a r ,

bey o n d B a rr a c kp o r e w h i c h w a s t h e s ea t o f t he s e n i o r
,
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .
'

It pr od uc ed a mo n t hly i n c o me o f s i c c a R s a nd .

t he p ubli c a re i n fo r med t h a t w i t h pr o pe r a t t en t i o n a n d

ma n a g eme n t it i s ca p a bl e o f yi eldi n g a m uc h l a rge r m o n t h ly

” ”
i nc o me . Th e l uc ky w i n n e r o f t h e fi rs t pri s e w as

Ch a rl es “ e s t o n t he be n e fa c t o r o f H o l w ell i n h is o ld a g e
'

, ,

w h o h a s h i ms e l f i h is n a me t o VV es t o n s L a n e a t ur
’

g v e n ,

n in
g o ff B e n t i n c k S t r eet O t h er pro pe r t i e s a re a l s o s e t
.

o ut in t he a d v e r t i s e me n t a n d a re v a l ued in t he pr o s p e c t u s

at Rs . fr o m w hi c h it w o uld a pp ea r t h a t M r .

Ti ret t a h a d di v e r s a ven ues o f emo l umen t o pen t o h i m

b es ide s h i s o ffic i a l a pp o i n t me n t o f S upe ri n t e n d e n t o f
S t r eet s a n d H o us es un d er t h e M un i c ip a l C o mm i tt ee He .

a pp ea r s t o h a v e c o n t i n ued t o r es id e i n C a l c ut t a a f t e r t h e

dra w i n g o f t he l o t te ry in 1 79 1 but s ee ms n o t t o h a v e d i e d
,

he r e His w i fe s g r a v e is in t he c e met ery w hic h be a r s

.
’

h is n a me a n d is s i t ua t ed in P a rk S t reet t o t h e w es t o f t h e
So ut h P a rk S t r eet buryi n g g r o un d -
.

O ppo s i t e t h e s i te of t he Ti ret ta B a z a r s t oo d the h o us e

of Ch a rl es W e s t o n w ho w a s bo r n t here i n 1 731 Th e
'

.
,

h o us e w a s ev id en t ly s urr o un d ed by a l a rge g a rd en In .

1 7 70 w e fi n d a d v e r t i s ed i n H ic ky s Ga z e tt e a h o us e
’

n ea r t h e B a it a k k h a n a s i t ua t ed t o t h e s o ut h w a rd o f M r .

Ch a rl es VVe s t o n s G a rd e n ’
.

H urri n ba re e L a n e i s s ues fr o m 22 Tiret t a Ba z a r S t r ee t .

The na me
i gn i fies
s d ee r p a rk a n d w a s s a rc a s t ic a l l v

g i v e n t o t h e l o c a li t y bec a us e o f t h e pro x i mi t y o f t he O ld
,

J a il i n L a ll B a z a r in w hi c h Hi c ky w as c o n fi n ed
, A p i ec e
.

o f g r o un d k n o w n b
y t h e n a m e o f H u r ri n g B e rry i n f r o n t ,

o f t h e p ubli c ro a d l e a di n t C h i t i d r t i d
g o p o o r s a v e z e a s

t h e s ec o n d pri z e i n t he Ti ret t a B a z a r l o t t ery a n d fr o m ,

 m s ro mc HO US E S AN D F AM O U S L O C A L ITIE S . 349

t he de s c rip t io n g i ven i t ,
w a s ev id en t ly
the n i n us e a s a
n ma rk et The l a ne a pp ea rs i n W oo d s
’

g en e r a l g r a i .

ma p o f 1 7 84 a s O ld Ha rmba ree L a n e At t h e c ro s s ro a d s
.
,

w h er e La ll B a z a r B o w B a z a r C hit po re R o a d a n d B en t inc k
, ,

S t r ee t meet s w a s t he pl a c e o f ex ec ut i o n a n d a t a l a t e r d a t e
, ,

a p ill o ry w a s e rec ted t h er e The R ev M r Lo n g s t a t es i n

. . .

h is a rt i c l e i n t h e C a l c ut t a R ev i ew ( w hi c h w a s w ri t t en i n
th a t t h er e i s a ma n s t ill li v i n g i n C a l c ut t a w ho un -o

”
d e rw en t t he p un i s h me n t o f t he pill o ry t he re The .

s t o c k s w e r e a l s o he ld i n terro rem o v e r t h e l a w b r ea k e rs o f

t h e d a y but o f a c e rt a i n c l a s s o n ly fo r w e fi n d t he fo l
, , ,

lo w i n g q ua i n t r ul e r eg a rdi ng t h em : I f a n y pe rs o n o f n o
s ubs t a n ce us e fo rc e o r s tri k e a n p r i di s p ute a bo ut
y e s o n n

la n d h e is t o be o n e w h o l e da y i n t he s t oc k s ”
, O n e is .

l e f t w o n d e ri n g w h a t t he p un i s h men t mi g h t be fo r t he ma n
w i t h s ubs t a n c e w ho c o mmi t t ed t h e s a me o ff en c e .

B o se B a z a r S t re et i s t he i i
L a ll B a z a r t he
c o n t n ua t o n o f
,

o ld a ven ue t o t he e a s t w a rd fro m t he p o i n t w he r e i t
m e e ts t h e C h it po re R o a d a n d B en ti n c k S treet : a n d i t
e x t e n d s a s fa r a s S ea l d a h i n a n ea s t erly di nec t io n a bs o r b
, ,

i n g B o y t a c o n n a h S t re et a s it a ppr oa c h es t he Ci rc ul a r R o a d .

T h e d e ri v a t i o n o f t he n a me is a li t t l e p uz z li n g B ow B a z a r .

i s c o m mo n ly s a id t o be a c o rr upti o n o f B a h u B az a r t he ,

B rid e s B a z a r : b ut M r A K R a y i n h is S h o r t H i s t o ry
’
. .

o f C al c ut ta s a y s h e h a s f a iled t o t rac e t he B a h u o r
d a ug h t e r i n la w o f B i s w a n a t h M a t ila l t o w h o s e s h a re t he
- -

b a z a r is s a id t o ha v e fa l len a n d t o w h o m t he n a me is s a id
”
t o be due .

a it h a k kh a n a h) l ea di n g fro m L a ll
B o y ta c o n n a h S t ree t . ( B -

B a za r a nd Bo w B a z a r t o t h e Ci rc ul a r R o a d r ec eived it s
,
 350 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

na me fr o m t he fa mo us o ld t re e w hi c h s too d at it s ea s te nr
”
ex t em t
r i y a nd fo r med a B o y t a c on n a h , or res t i ng pl a ce
fo r t he merc h a n t s w h o t ra d ed t o C a lc ut t a a n d w ho s e ,

c ara v a n s res t ed un de r i t s s h a d e J o b Ch a r n ock i s s a i d

.

t o h a v e c h o s e n t h e s ite o f C a l c ut t a fo r a c ity , i n c o use

u f t h e l ea s u r e h e f o un d i n s i t t i n g a n d s m o kin g
q e n c e o p .

un de r t he s h a d e o f a l a rg e t r ee Po s t eri t y l ov ed t o c o n
.

n ee t h i s n a me w it h t he B o vta c o n n a h t r ee w hi c h is s h o w n

i n U pj o h n s m a p o f 1 7 94 a t t he c o r n e r o f Ci rc ul a r R oa d
’
,

up o n t he s o ut he r n mo s t po r t i o n o f t he g ro un d n o w a p p ro
-

i d b S ld h S ti I fi d n o pl a c e in W o o d s
’

p r a t e y e a a t a o n t n s.

ma p o f 1 7 84 W e r ea d h o w ever i n Hic ky s Ga z e t t e i n
.
, ,
’

1 781 o f a G a rd en h o us e s i t ua t e a t B rea d a n d C he es e
-

B un g a l o o pp o s i t e t h e g rea t t r ee a n d fo rms t he a n l e o f
, , g
”
t he t w o r o a d s . In t h e s a me y ea r M r H en ry C o w e n s e t .

up a s c hoo l a t t h e B rea d a n d Ch ees e B un g al o o r B o y t a

”
c a n nah , a n d i n J a n ua ry 1 802 t ha t w e ll r a i s ed l o w e r -
, ,

roo med h o us e a n d ga rden is a n n o un c ed fo r s a l e w i t h o ut

re s erv e In t he ma p o f 1 7 84 th e w h o l e l en g t h o f t h e ro a d
.
,

fr o m L al l B a z a r a s fa r a s w h a t is n o w k n o w n a s Ci rc ul a r
R o a d is na me d Boy t a c o n n a h a n d a l s o a p o rti o n o f t h e
,

Circ ul a r R o a d i t s elf It s di men s i o n s h a ve been g ra d ua l l y

.

s h ri n ki n f i t h s ep a r a t e ex i s te n c e t o da
g ,o r a s n o
y i n the -

C l a c u t t a D i r ec t o ry but l oc a lly t he d es i n a t i o n is a ppl i

, g ed

t o t he q ua r t e r bo un d ed by C o ll e e S t r eet a n d t h e Ci r c ul
g a r
R oa d . Th e C a l c ut t a M a dr a s s a es t a bli s h ed b H a s t i n s
, y g
i n 1 7 82 w a s o ri g i n a lly l oc a t ed o n t he s o ut h er n s id e o f
,

B o y t a c o n n a h S t reet a n d a pp ea r s i n t h e ma f 1 7 84 a s
, p o

M a dr a s s a h o r P er s i a n C o ll ege ”
.

Th e C i rc ula r R o a d i t s el f, w hi c h r
s t et c h es fr o m t he j unc
352 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

1 7 72, he p ubli s h ed h is Co n s id er a t i o n s o n I n di a n a ff a i rs ,

i n w hi c h he v i g o ro us ly a t t a c ked t he B en g a l Go v er n me n t
a n d f o ll o w ed t hi s up w i t h a n o t h e r bo o k i n 1 7 75 He s ub .

s eq ue n t ly e n t er ed t he A us tri a n s e r v i c e a n d fo un ded s t a

t i o n s i n I n di a fo r a n A us t ri a n C o mpa n y b ut t h es e c a me to
n o t hi n g a n d h e ev en t ua lly en d ed h is d a y s i n P a ri s i n 1 808
,
.

His c l a i m t o i n c l us i o n a mo n g t he w o rt hi es o f C a l c ut t a ,

re s t s h o w ev er up o n di ff e ren t g r o un d s
, , I n Sep t e mber .
,

1 7 68 a p a pe r a ffi x ed t o t h e d oo r o f t he C o ur t H o us e a n d
,

o t h e r p ubli c pl a ce s i n fo r me d a ll a n d s un d ry t h a t M r B o l t s .

t oo k t hi s me t h o d o f b ri n g i n g t o t h ei r no t ic e t h a t

t h e w a n t o f a pri n t i n g pr es s in t hi s c i t y bei n g o f g rea t

di s a d va n t a g e in bus i n es s he is r ea dy t o g i v e t he bes t
,

en c o ur a g e m e n t t o a n y p e r s o n o r p er s o n s w ho a re v e rs ed

i n t he bus i n es s o f pri n t i n g t o ma n a g e a pres s t he ty p es ,

a n d ute n s il s o f w hi c h h e c a n pr o d uc e I n t he mea n t i me
.
,

h e begg ed l ea v e t o a dd t h a t h a v i n g in ma n us c ri p t m a n y
t hi n g s to c o mm un i c a t e w hi c h mo s t i n t i ma t ely c o n c e r n
,

e v ery i n di v id ua l a n y p e r s o n w ho ma y be i n d uc ed b y c u
,

rio s it y o r o t h e r l a ud a bl e mo t i v es w ill be p er mi t t ed a t M r
,
.

B o l t s h o us e t o re a d a n d t a k e c o pi e s o f t h e s a me S ix
’
.

y ea r s h a d o n ly t o el a p s e fro m t he d a t e o f thi s pri mi t i v e

a t t e m p t a t p ubli c a d v e r t i s e men t t o t h e es t a bli s h me n t o f

t he S upr e me C o ur t a n d t he a p po i n t m en t o f H a s t i n g s a s

G o v er n o r Ge n e r a l
-
B ut Bo l t s w a s be fo re h is ti me, a n d
.

h is
“
ma n us c ri p t s w e re e v id en t ly i n c o nv en i en t ly full o f

o ffi c i a l s ec r et s Th e p ubli c a t i o n o f t h e n o t i c e w a s ra pi d l y
.

fo ll o w ed by h is d ep o r t a t i o n a n d Hic ky s Ga z ette t he fi r s t
,
’

C a l c ut t a n ew s p a p er did n o t ma ke it s fi rs t a ppea r an c e un t i l
,

J a n ua ry 29t h 1 780 ,
.

C o mi n g no w to th e p urely I n di a n q ua r t e r i n t he no rt h ,
 ms ro mc HO U S E S xsn
. m uc us L O C A L ITIE S . 353

we find r l
o u s e ves a t o n ce in a n un fa mili a r a t mos ph er e It .

is o n e o f t he i n ev i t a bl e r es ult s o f a fo r ei gn oc c upa ti on th a t
t he hi s t o ry o f mo d er n I n di a a s w ri t t en by E gli s h en m n — a nd

n o o n e el se ha s c a red t o w —
rit e i t t a k es li t tl e a cc oun t of t he
I ndi a n h elpe r w h o s e a id h a s been es s enti a l a nd w h o se a d
,

v i c e a n d kn o w l edg e ha s been i nv a l ua bl e t o t he men w ho

,

h a ve buil t up t he fa bri c o f E ngli s h rul e N o w h ere per .

,

hap s i s thi s r et i c en c e o f hi s t o ry mo re ma rk ed th a n i n t he
,

c a s e o f M a h a r a j a h N ubki s sen , t he frie n d a n d co un s el l o r

o f Cli ve a n d H a s t i n gs w ho beg i n n i n g lif e a s t he P er s i a n

t ut o r o f t he l a t t er , r o se t o be t h e C o m a n y s i n t er r et er a n d
’
p p
c r o w n ed h is c a ree r a s th ei r po liti c a l ba n y a n M ill ma k es
.

n o r e fe r en ce t o h i m O r me d o es n o t men ti on hi m a n d his ,

n a me i s a bs en t fro m t he p a ges o f Si r J o h n Ma l c o l m Y et
.

h e w a s n o o rdi n a ry ma n a n d t he infl uen c e a nd pow er

,

w i eld ed by hi m d uri ng t he thirty y ea r s w hi c h p rec ed ed his

dea t h i n 1 797 w a s ex tra o rdi n a rily l a rge The q ua rt er .

a ro un d S o bh a ba z a r w h ere he li ved is i n ti ma t el i t ed
, y a s s oc a

w i t h h i s n a me a n d t he fa mily i s w ell r e r esen ted i n t he

, p
s t re et no men c l a t ur e of t he l oc a lity pri nc i pa ll y in W a rd 1
,

( Sh a m m ) o k u r . T h e s p a c i o us r o a d co n ne c t i n g U pp er
C hi t po re R o a d w i t h U pp er Ci rc ul a r R o a d is s a id to h a ve
bee n c o n s t r uc t ed by N ubk is s en hi ms elf a nd n a med w ith
hi s o w n n a me . B ut t he l a t t er h a lf of t he s treet is n o w
me rg ed in G rey Street a nd the fo r mer is k now n a s Sobh a
,

ba z a r S t reet : w hil e N ubkis s en s n a me ha s been gi v en t o a

’

s ma ll e r s t r ee t j us t t o t he n o rth o f it He l eft tw o s o n s
.
,

o n e a d o p t ed a n d t h e o th er o f h is o w n begetti ng The fo r
.

me r R a j a h C o pee M oh un D eb w a s fa mo us a mong h is
, ,

co un t ry men fo r his mus i c a l t a s tes He ha s a s tr eet a n d

.

a l a n e in W a rd 3 c a ll ed a ft er h im : a n d a s i mil a r h o no ur

23
354 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

ha s been acc o rd ed to h is s on , R a j a h S i r R a dh a
K a n t a D eb ,

a n d h is t hr ee g r a n d s o n s R a j a h R a j en dr a N a r a i n
,

R a j a h M a he n d ra N a r a i n a n d R a j a h D eben d ra N a r a i n
, .

N ubkis s en s n a t ur a l bo r n s o n w a s R a j a h R a j k ris h n a w ho
’
-
,

w a s t h e fa t h er o f ei ght di s t i n g ui s he d s o n s pr o mi nen t ,

a mo n g w h o m w e r e R a j a h B a h a d ur K a li Kri s h n a M a ha ,

r a j a h Ka ma l K ri s h n a a n d M a h a r a j a h B a h a d ur Sir N a ren
,

dra Kri s h n a K C I B
, . All t h es e h a v e s t ree t s n a me d a ft er
. . .

t h em a n d t he di s t i n c t i o n l S s h a re d a l s o by R a j a h B a h a d ur
,

Ha ren d ra Kri s h n a th e s o n o f R a j a h Ka li Kri s h n a

, .

R a j a h R a j bullub
'
s S t reet in W a rd
rec a ll s hi s t o ri c a l
1
a s s oc i a t i o ns o f n o l es s i n t er es t fo r it i s n a med a ft e r t he
,

f a mo us n a i b o r d ep ut y go ver n o r o f D a c c a w ho s e rel a
, ,

t i o n s w i t h t h e E n g li s h s er ved a s a prete x t fo r S er a j ud -

D ow la h s d es c en t up o n C a l c utt a in 1 756
’
D uri ng his l o n g .

a d mi n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e ea s t er n pr o v i n c e he h a d be c o me ,

en o r mo us ly ri c h a n d w a s c a ll ed upo n by t he N a bo b t o re n
'

d er a n a c c o un t f a ili n g w h i c h h e w a s pl a c ed un d er s t ri c t
,

s ur ve ill a nc e a t M o o rs h eda ba d O f s ubs eq uen t even t s t w o

.
,

ex pl a n a t i o n s a re p o ss i bl e The fi r s t is t h a t R a j bullub t o
.
,

es c a e fr o m h i s di ffi c ul t i es a n d t v e h i s pr o p erty
p ye s a
p ro ,

p os ed to S er a j ud D ow l a h t o t ri c k t he E n gli s h i n t o s h el t e r
- -

i ng h is s o n Ki s s en D a s a t Fo r t W illi a m a n d t h en t o s ei z e
, , ,

upo n th ei r pro p er t y a s p un i s h men t fo r t he o ff en c e Th e .

s ec o n d ex pl a n a t i o n is t h a t R a j bull ub h a v i n g h a d muc h t o,

do w i t h t h e E n g li s h a n d h a v i n g been en a bl ed t o ren d er s o me
s e r v i c e t o t h em w a s a c t ua t ed p ur el y by h is o w n p res en t
,

i n teres t s in req ues t i n g D r a k e to a d mi t h is so n t o t he E n g

l i s h S et t l emen t w hil e o n h is w a y w i t h h is w o men a n d v a l u
a bl es t o t he s h ri n e o f J ugg er n a t h i n O ri s s a Th i s rec ep .
 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E \V .

S h a m l mc a ( l in “ r un s fro m R a j a h
a rd 1)
'

r St re e t a so

N ub k is s en s S t r eet to U ppe r C h it po re R o a d t o t he
c los e
’

, ,

Ci rc ul a r R o a d w h er e it meet s C o r n w a lli s S t reet a n d B a g

B a z a r S t re et a n d is c o n t i n ued o v er t h e c a n a l t o w a rd s B el
hi T h m i d ri v ed f ro m a l a r e ba z a r o r ma r t
g a c a . e n a e s e g
w hi c h H o l w ell c a ll s Ch a rl es B a z a r I t s pr es en t d es i g n a
.

t i o n w a s c o n fe rr ed up o n i t by S o bh a ra m B y s a c k o n e o f t h e ,

w e a l t hi es t n a t i v e i n h a bi t a n t s o f C a l c ut t a i n t h e ei g h t een t h

c en t ury in h o n o ur o f S h a m R o y ( o r G o v i n d ) t he a t te n d a n t
,

o f t he dd s s K a li T h e B a c k s d t h S t t w h w r
g o e .
y s a n e e s o e e

w ell t o do t r a d er s a t S a t g a o n
- -
t h e ea rli es t f a c t o ry a bo v e
,

Ho o g hly w e r e a mo n g t he fi r s t t o s e t t l e a t S ut t a n ut t ee
, .

Th ey a re s a id t o h a ve c l ea re d m uc h j un g l e a n d t h er e c a n be ,

l it t le d o ubt t h a t i t w a s c hi efly t h ro ugh t h e m t h a t G o v i n d po re

a n d S ut t a n ut t e e bec a me a fl o uri s hi n g co l o n y o f w e a v e r s

a n d a c o t t o n m a r t o f s uffi c i e n t i mp o r t a n c e t o a t t r a c t t h e
-

E n g li s h f a c t o r s S o bh a ra m B y s a c k w h o ha s a s t re e t i n
.
,

5 ( J o ra ba g a n ) a n d t w o l a ne s in “ a rd 8 ( C o lo o
'

t o l io h ) n a med a ft er h i m fi g ur es a ft er t h e B l a c k H o l e a n d
, ,

r ec a p t ur e o f C a l c ut t a a s a n a t i v e c o m mi s s i o n e r fo r t h e

di s t ri but io n o f t he r es t i t ut i o n mo n ey -
His o w n d ema n d
.
’

w a s fo r s o me 4 3 ; l a kh s o f r up ees o ut o f a t o t a l o f 1 2 3

la kh s a n d h is
,
d ed uc t i o n a mo un t ed t o R s .

N a n da ra m S en
’
s S t ree t in “ ’
a rd 2 ( C o o m a rt o ll v l .

is na med a ft e r t h e d ep ut y bl a c k
or Ge n er a l S upe r
w h o a s s is t ed R a lph S h eld o n i n h is d ut i es o n h i s

a p p o in t me n t a s fi r s t C o ll ec t o r o f C a l c ut t a i n 1 700 He .

fell un d er s us pi c i o n w h en B en j a mi n B ow c her s uc c eed e d

S held o n a n d w a s s um ma rily di s mi s s ed In 1 707 t he p o s t re .
,

ma i n ed v a c a n t fo r s ev era l mo n th s d uri n g w hi c h N un do ra m
 ms ro mc HO U S E S AN D FAMO U S L O C AL ITIE S . 357

a ga n i a c ted as i
a s s s ta n t to W h en h e
th e C o lle c to r .

w a s di s pl a c ed it c a me o ut t h a t h e h a d been uil t y O f e x
g
ten s i ve p ec ul a t i o n He fl ed t o H o og hly but w a s g i v en up
.

bv t he G o v er n o r O f th a t pl a ce Fo r a l o n g p eri o d he w a s
.

i mpr i s o n ed b
y o rd er o f t h e C o un c il a n d w a s n o t r el ea s ed

un t il he h a d r e fun ded t he mo ney due by h i m He buil t a .

ba t hi n g C h a t o n t he ri v er c a ll ed t he R a t h t o lla h G h a t ( R a t h
bei ng t h e c a r o f J a g a n n a t h ) .

A bh o y C ha ra n l l i t t er S t reet in t he me rd is
’
. s sa wa

na me d f r
a te t he g r a n d s o n Of R a g h oo M it t c r ( “
R o go
\ l ee tc r
. w ho w a s hi m self t he s o n Of Go v in d ra m, t h
Bla c k Z e mi n da r o f Ho lw ell s t i me Abho y w a s D ew a n ’
.

O f th e C o l lec t o r o f t he t w e n ty fo ur P e rg un n a h s a n d i s re
-

u t d t o h a v e g i v en a l a kh O f r up ee s t o h is Goo r oo or
p e

S pi ri t ua l l rc c ep t o r
’
G o v in d ra m w a s di s mi s s ed b v Ho l
.

w e ll fr o m hi s o ffi c e i n 1 7 52 fo r h ea v y fr a ud s but h e ,

h a d S t t fli c ie n t in fl uen c e w i t h t he ma j o ri t y i n C o un c il t o
pr o c ur e his re i n s ta l men t o n h i s r efun di n g t h e a mo un t o f
-

Rs . e m bez z l ed by hi m .

K a l ee P ro s a d D ut t S t reet i n “ rt o ll a h is
'

a rd 3 ( B )
'

s u
na m ed f r t he s o n o f C hura m o n i D ut t w ho w a s
a te , t he

g re a t ri v a l i n w ea l t h o f N ubk i s s en a n d a l w a y s fr e t t ed , fo r
w a n t o f h is p o w e r .

S uk ea s S t reet g i v es it s n a me t o “ a rd 4 It is n a med
'

a ft e r P e t er S ukea s , a n A rme n i a n me r c h a n t O f r a t w l t h
g e e a ,

w h o o w n ed a c el e br a t ed g a rd en ho us e a t t he Bo yt a
-

c o n n a hfi
’

B ri n da ba n M ullic k La n e in t h is w a rd d es er ves i
’
s not ce
 358 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

by rea s o n O f t he fa c t t h a t P un di t I s h w a r C hun dra i dy a

s a g a r w h o s e s t a t ue s t a n d s o ut s id e t h e S a n s kri t C o ll e e
g
( 1 82 0 h a d h i s r es id en c e a t N O 2 5 R a j a R a j en dr a . .

L a l a M i t r a t he g rea t s c h ol a r a n d a n t iq ua ri a n r es id ed a t
, ,

6 M a n ic k t olla h R o a d i n t h e s a me w a rd
, .

R ut t o n S i rc a r Ga rden S t reet i n “f a rd 5
’
s
(J o ra b a
g a n
) ,

co mmen c es fr o m D urma h a tt a S t reet r un s i n w i n di ng a nd

fa s hi o n ri g h t t hro ugh t o t he Ci rc ul a r R o a d I t bec o mes .

B a ra n o s ee G ho s e s S t r ee t a t i t s c r o s s i n g w i th C hi t po re
’

R o a d a n d w h en i t mee t s C o r n w a lli s S t r eet f ur t h e r o n i t

, ,

t a k es t h e n a me o f S ukea s S t r ee t I t is 5 0 n a med fr o m t he
.

rd n h o us e n c e s it ua t ed h ere O f R ut t o n S ir c a r a n il li
g a e o
-
, , ,

t era t c ma n w h o ma d e a l a rg e fo r t un e un d e r t h e
, p r o t e c

t i on O f N un do ra m S e n A n o t h er R ut t o n S i rc a r i s c o n
.

n ec t ed w i t h a w e ll k n o w n i-n c id en t I n 1 6 7 9 t h e F
. a lc o n
, ,

w t i h C p
a ta i n S t a ff o rd i n c o m m a n d c a m e u p t h e ri v
,
e r a n d

a nc h o r ed O ff G a rd en R e a c h Bei n g in n eed o f a n i n t e rp re
.

t e r t he C a p t a i n
, us i n g t h eM a dr a s w o rd a s ked t h e v ill a
, ,

g e r s t o b ri n g h i m a d u b a s h N o t u n d er s t a n di n
.
g t h e

phr a s e t h ey s e n t hi m t he v ill a g e dho by o r w a s h er ma n o n e

, ,

R a t t o n S i rc a r A S c h a n c e w o uld h a ve i t he w a s a n i n
.
,

t el lig e n t ma n a n d s o s a t i s fi ed h is n e w e mpl o y e r t h a t h e

w a s t a k en i n t o t h e C o mp a n y s s e r vi c e a s E n g li s h i n t erp re
’

t e r an d r o s e t o g rea t w ea lth in t he c o ur s e O f a fe w y ea r s .

The g r ea t Ta g o r e fa mily h a ve g i ven t h ei r n a mes t o a

n umber O f s t r e e t s i n t h e I n di a n q ua r t er D urp o n a ra i n .

Ta g o r e, w ho ha s a s t r eet a nd a la n e a f t er h i m in \V a rd 5 .

w a s t he s o n o f J o y r a m Ta go re w h o r emo ved o n t he build

i n g O f t h e N ew F o rt W ill i a m to P a t h uria ha t t a fr o m G O
'

g
v i n d o re w h er e t he f a mily h a d o r i i n a ll l d d
p g y s et t e t o w a r s
360 CA CL U TTA OLD AN D N EW .

o rdi n a ry s i mpli c i t y The s to ry goes t h a t a fri en d o f h is

.

too k a dv a n t a g e o f h is w a n t o f g uil e a n d a pp r o p ri a t ed a ll

h is p ro pe rty w i t h t he res ult ( s a y s M r A K R a y i n h is

, . . .

S ho rt His to ry of C a lc ut ta ) t h a t h is l a s t d a y s w e re cl o ud ed
,

w i t h p ec un i a ry difii c ult ies a n d w er e s pen t a t Ben a r es .

C o t t o n S treet is t he th o r o ughfa r e i mmedi a tel y t o t he

n o r t h o f H a rri s o n R o a d a n d f o r ms t h e n o rth er n bo un d a ry

o f W a rd 7 B urra ba z a r n s fr o m D urma ha t t a S t r eet

( ) I t r u .

t o t he C hit po re R o a d a n d fro m t h en c e t o t he Ci rc ul a r
,

R oa d un d er t he n a me o f M a c h ua B a z a r w hi c h li ke N i k a s i ,

pa ra h rec a ll s t he t i me w h en fi s h er men ti ed up t h ei r bo a t s
in t he c r eek s in t he l o c a li t y a nd li v ed up o n t he ba n k s .

Th ere h a v e been member s o f t he C o tt o n fa mily c o n n ec t ed

w ith C a l c ut t a fo r ov er a c en t ury : but a l t h o ugh a C o m

ma n d er in Chi ef a B i s h o p a n d a Chi ef Sec ret a ry t o Go v

- -
, ,

ern men t a re i n c l ud ed i n t he li s t t he s tr eet is n o t c a l l ed

,

a ft er a n y o f th em The o ld a ppell a ti o n o f R o eyh a t t a h

.

i n di ca tes c lea rly en o ug h it s o rig i n I t w as h ere in fa c t

.

th a t the g rea t c o t t o n ma rt w a s h eld in d a y s befo r e C h a r

-

n oc k d rea med o f t h e fo un d a ti o n o f C a l c utt a a n d i t i s s t i ll

the g a the ri n g pl a ce o f t he M a rw a ri merc h a n t s

- S utta .

n ut t ee ,t he o ld n a me o f t he v ill a ge is referr ed by so me ,

t o the s a me s o urc e a n d i s h eld t o mea n C o tto n ba l e .

P hee r s La n e i n
’
W a rd 8 ( C o lo o t o lla h) , is o ne o f t he few
r
s t ee st I n di a n q ua r t er w hi c h a re n a med a ft er E ng
i n t he
lis hmen . S ir J oh n B udd Fh ea r w ho di ed a s r ec en tly a s
,

1 905 w a s a p ui s n e J ud ge o f t he C a lc utta Hi h C o urt

, g
fro m 1 864 t o 1 876 a n d s erv ed t he ofii c e o f Chi ef J us ti c e
,

o f C eyl o n fr o m 1 87 7 t o 1 879 He w a s a ma n o f l a rg e
.

s y mp a t h i e s a n d h i s a t t i t ud e o f en c o ur a e men t t
,
g o w a rd s
 HI S TO R IC HO U S E S AN D FAMO U S L O C A L ITI E S .
36 1

t he id ea s pi r a t i o n s o f t he ed uca t ed I n di a n c o mmu
a nd a s

n ity w o n fo r h i m t he hi gh es t es t eem a n d r es ec t A t
, p .

N o 59 B h o w a n i Ch a r un D utt s L a ne in t hi s w a rd is t he
’
.
, ,

bi r t h pl a c e o f K es h ub Ch un d er S e n r eli g i o us r ef o rme r a n d
-
,

Br a h mo l ea d er ( 1 838 A t a blet c o mmemo r a t es t h e

fa c t a n d the ho us e k n o w n a s Lily C o t ta ge a n d n umber ed
,

78 i n U pp e r Ci rc ul a r R oa d w he r e he res ide d fo r ma n y
,

ye a r s h a s,b e en s i m il a rly di s t i n g ui s h ed .

Am he rs t S t ree t , a fin e w id e
r t o pen ed o ut by t he
s t ee

L o t t e ry C o mm i t t ee tr a v er s es bo th W a rd s 4 a n d 9 a n d
'

, ,

run s fr o m B o w B a z a r S t reet t o M a n ic k t o ll a h S t r eet It s .

l eng th is r ec o rd ed a s o n e mil e a n d t w o f url o ng s At it s .

s o ut h e rly e n d i t c o n n ec t s w i t h St J a mes s S t reet ( s o c a ll ed

’
-
.

af te r t h e n ei gh bo uri n g c h urc h ) w hi c h c a rri es it d o w n t o

D h urrumt o lla h The h o us e n umbered 85 i n t hi s s t reet

.

w a s t he fa mily re s id en c e o f t he f a mo us H i n d o o r eli gi o us

refo r m er R a j a h R a m M o h a n R o y F r o m 1 81 4 t o 1 830
,
.
,

h ow ev e r he l i ved a t 1 1 3 N o r ther n Ci rc ul a r R o a d w h ere a

, , ,

ta bl e t r eca ll s t he fa c t He w a s bo r n in 1 772 a nd di ed a t
. ,

B ri s t o l in 1 833 Th e Amh er s t s h a v e l ef t t h ei r ma rk up o n
.

I n d i a n n o men c l a t ur e in mo re t h a n o ne dir ec t i o n L a dy .

Am h e r s t g a v e h er n a me t o t he A mh ers t ia n o bilis t h e ma g ,

n i fi c e n t t r ee w hi c h ri s es t o t h e h ei h t o f fo rty f eet a n d i s
g
so r e s p le n d e n t a n o bj ec t w ith it s g o rgeo us bl o s s o ms o f
s c a rl e t a n d g o ld c o v eri n
g i t s p en d u l o us b r a n c h es T h e .

n a me w a s bes t o w ed by D r I V a ll ic h S up eri n te n d en t o f
’
.
,

t he B o t a n i ca l Ga rd en s A s p ec i es o f go ld en ph ea s a n t
.
,

k n o w n to Z oo l o g i s t s a s Tha uma lea Amhers t ia e is a l s o ,

i n d eb t ed t o L a dy Amh er s t fo r it s s c i en t i fi c titl e As re .

g a rd s t hi s C a l c ut t a S t r ee t t h e G o ,
v er n o r Gen er a l w h o s e -
362 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

r ul e i t c o mmemo ra t es is j us t ly h o n o ured but i t i s i mpo s

,

s i bl e n o t t o f eel r eg r et th a t t h e bes t o w a l o f h is n a me upo n

t he r o a d h a s t h r us t o ut o f s i g h t t h e v e r n a c ul a r d es i n a
g
t io n w hi c h h a ppily p erp et ua t es t he l o n n c ti n w i th
g c o n e o

C al c utt a o f t he R evd J a mes L o ng P a dre Lo ng S a h i b

. .

ka Gi rja ka ra s ta i s a l o n
- - -
t i t l lth u h it rr t ly r
g e a o g c o ,
ec e

pr od uc es t he pri n c ip a l fea t ure in t he s t re et w hi c h is t h e

c h ur c h w h er e M r L o ng o ffic i a t ed fo r ma n y y ea r s : but
.

L o n g S t reet s h o uld n o t be d eemed i mpo s s i bl e fo r a s t reet

a pp ell a ti o n i n t he v i c i n i t y .

Lo ng is not t he o n h o s e memo ry is ke p t
ly mi s s i o n a ry w

a li v e i n t he v i c i n i t y o f Am h e r s t
S t r eet I s s ui n g f ro m .

N O 32 is C a rey s C h urc h L a n e w hi c h c o m me mo r a t e s t h e
’
.
, ,

fa mo us S era mp o re mi s s i o n a ry His c a ree r w a s a re ma rk

.

a bl e o n e B r ed up a s a c o bbl e r he t o o k t o prea c hi n g t h e
. ,

o s pel n d w i t h e l e v en o t h e r s es t a bli s h e d t he Ba p t i s t M i s
g a,

s io n a r S oc i e ty i n 1 7 92 I n t he f o ll o w i n g ye a r he c a me
y .
,

o ut t o I n d i a w i t h h is w i fe t h ei r f o ur c hild ren h is s i s t e r i n
, ,
-

la w a n d a fell o w mi s s i o n a r y Th o ma s
,
- The pit t a n c e O f
.

R s 30 w hi c h w a s a ll t h ey rec e i v ed fro m t he S o c i e t y w a s
.

a l t o g e t h e r i n s uffi c i e n t fo r t he s up o r t o f hi ms elf a n d h i s
p
fa mily a n d he w a s r ed uc ed t o t he n ec es s i t y o f s et tl i n g a t
,

H us s a n a ba d i n t he S un derba n s w he r e he a t t emp te d t o ,

ea r n a li vi n g by c ul t i v a t i n g t he s o il w i t h h is o w n h a n d s .

The e x p eri m en t w a s o f c o ur s e a fa il ure a n d he w a s ,

g l a d t o a c c e p t a p o s t u n d e r a n i n di g o pl a n t e r n a m ed -

[ fl ow i n t he M a ld a h D i s t ri c t s H ere he w a s pl a c ed i n
.

c h a rg e o f t he M a d n a but t i o ut fa c t o ry a n d d ev o t ed h i s
-
,

l ei s ure ho urs t o pr ea c hi ng a n d t ra n s l a t i ng t he Sc ri p t ures .

In 1 7 99 t ll i a m
,
a n d J o s h ua M a r s h ma n r ea c h e d
364 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

A n to n y S a h i b
’
s buildi ng a nd h at a re s t ill k n o w n His .

"
g r a n d s o n,
a l s o k n o w n a s A n t o n y S a hi b ,
w a s f a mo us

t h ro ug h o ut B e ng a l s ays Mr A K Ray
, . . .
, as t he bes t
K a bi w a ll a h
-
o r m i n s t r el o f h i s t i me .

R a i B a n ki m Ch un d er Ch a t t erj ee B a h a d ur t he f a mo us ,

B en g a l ee n o v eli s t w h o w a s a l s o a di s t i n g ui s h ed me mbe r
,

o f t he s ubo rdi n a t e ex ec ut i v e s er v i c e li v ed a t 5 P r o t a p , ,

Ch un de r Ch a t t erj ee s L a n e in “ a rd 9
7 ’
.

B o n o m a li S i rc a r s S treet i n “ a rd 2 ( C o o ma rt o lly) , d
'
’
an

Hueo o ree Mull W a rd 1 1 ( P uddO p OO kur) ma y be

L a n e in
’ '

s ,

t a k en t og et h er F o r w ith t he f a mo us O mic h a n d a n d
.

Go v in d ra m M i t t e r t h ey a re i m mo rt a li z ed i n a B en g a lee
,

pr o ve r b a s t he mo s t pr o mi n en t i n h a bi t a n t s o f t he I n d i a n
q ua r t er i n t he d a y s w h en H o l w ell r uled a s Z e mi n d a r .

E a c h ma n i s di s t i n g ui s h ed by h is o w n s p ec i a l a t t ri but e .

B a n ma li S a rk a rer ba ri
Gov in d ra m M i t r a r c ha r i
A mi rCh a n d er d a ri
Huz uri M a l er k a ri ,

Ke j a n en n a ?

T he l us io n t o G o v i n d ra m s c h a ri o r s t i c k w a s n o d o ubt
al
’

w ell a pp rec ia t ed by Ho l w ell w h en h e re p o r t ed t o h i s c o l

,

lea g ues i n C o un c il upo n t he o ppr es s i o n o f t he Bla c k

“

Z e mi n d a r B o n o ma li S a rka r s m a g n i fic e n t ba ri o r r es i
’
.

d en c e i n C o o ma rt o ll v w a s b uil t d uri n g t he y ea r s 1 7 40 t o
1 7 50 . He w a s a c ul t i v a to r ( S a dg o pe) bv c a s t e a n d w a s a t
fi r s t D ew a n t o t he R es iden t a t P a t n a a n d s ubs eq ue n t lv
D ep ut y Tra de r t o t h e E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y a t C a l c ut t a .

O m ic h a n d s d a rt o r h ea rd h a s n o t o b s c ured h i s f a m e a s t he
’
 HI S TOR I C n o us a s AN D FAM O U S L O C AL IT IE S . 36 5

i ti m of Cli ve s t r ic k up o n h im w i t h t he t w o t rea ti es
'

v c .

B ut h e did no t d ie fro m c h a g ri n a t t he dec epti o n a n d li v ed

o n t o s ee t h e C o mp a n y es t a bli s h ed a s t h e r ea l r ule r s o f

B eng a l . He ha s ma d e a freq uen t a pp ea r a n c e in th es e

p a g es a n d his c a reer n eed n o t be f urth er r ec a pi t ul a t ed
,

in t hi s pl a c e As fo r Huz o o ri M ull s ka ri o r w ea l th t h e
’
.
,

mere li s t O f h is a c t s o f p ubli c ben efi c en ee is s uffic i en t t o

s h o w t h a t i t w a s n o emp t y d es c ri p t i o n He ex c a v a t ed a
.

l a rg e ta n k a t Bo yt a c o n na h w hi c h w en t by his n a me un t il
i t w a s fi ll ed up .He c o n s tr uc ted t he Gh a t i mmedi a te ly
t o t h e s o ut h o f H o w r a h B rid g e w hi c h w a s k n o w n i n 1 7 93

B a rrett o s C h a t a n d g o es n o w a d a y s by t he n a me
'

as - -

o f A r m en i a n Gh a t He buil t t h e s te ep le o f t he Ar men i a n
. .

Ch urc h a n d g a v e a w a v s evera l bi gh a s o f l a n d a t K a li Gh a t
w h er e be c o n s t r uc t ed a p uc k a h a t ne a r t he Templ e A nd
g .

fi n a l ly be i s s a id t o h a v e ren d er ed v a l ua bl e s erv i c e t o t h e
E n g li s h a t t he ba t t l e O f B ux a r i n 1 7 6 1 His fri en d s hip .

w i t h O mic ha n d a pp ea r s t o h a ve been o f a c l o se c h a r a c t er

a n d h e a d mi n i s t er ed his es t a t e o n h is d ea th i n 1 76 7
,
In .

t h e pro c eedi ng s o f t he Bo a rd a t F o r t W illi a m d a t ed ,

M a rc h 3ot h o f th a t y ea r w e fi n d t h a t
,
Huz zoo ra M a l ,

a d m i n i s t r a t o r t o t he es t a te o f t h e l a te O mic h a n d r eq ues t s ,

h e ma y be i n d ul ged w ith t w o s et s O f bill s o n t he Ho n ble ’

t he C o ur t o f D i r ec to r s fo r R s . ea c h o ne p a y a bl e ,

t o t h e Trea s ure r O f t he F o un dli n g H o s pi t a l a n d o n e fo r

t h e s a me g i v en t o t h e M a gd a l en . O rd er ed t h a t th ey ma y
be g r a n ted t o h i m a n d th a t t he s ub a c c o mpt a n t be dir ec t ed
-

t o pr ep a r e t h e m a c c o rdi n g l y . Th es e mus t be t he L o n d o n
i n s ti t ut i o n s O f t he n a me : a n d i f s o t he beq ues t is a ,

s t ri k i n g tr ibute t o t he l a r ge he a rt ed n e s s a n d c a th o li c i t y o f
-

O mic ha n d s di s po s iti o n
’
.
366 C A L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

To the s o ut h of W a rd r un s D h urrumt o ll a h a re
11 ,

mi n d er t h a t w e a re a rri v i ng a t g r o un d w e h a v e a lrea dv
t r o dd en,
a nd t h a t it is t i me t o bri n g o ur s e n t i men t a l

j o ur n ey t o a c l o s e The c h a p ter h a s been a l o n g o n e but

.
,

it d o es n o t v en t ur e o n t h a t a c c o un t to se ek r ec og n i t i on a s
ex h a us t i v e
. Th e ut mo s t m eri t t o w hi c h i t c a n l a y c l a i m
mus t c o n s i s t i n t he eff o rt it h a s ma d e t o pre s er v e fro m
O bli v i o n s o me o f t he foo t pri n t s o f t he p a s t w hi c h a m a t t er

O f fa c t mun i c ip a li t y a n d a bus y h eedl es s po p ul a t i o n h a v e

-

a s yet f o rgo t te n t o eff a c e .

368 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

s t a t ue o f t h e M a rq ues s H a s t i n g s a d o r n s t he po r t i c o o f
of

t h e D a lh o us i e I n s t i t ute a n d h a rd by i s t he ma r bl e pr es en t
,

men t o f J a mes \V il s o n t he Fi n a n c e M i n i s ter w h o d ied

, ,

w hil e d o i n g h i s d ut y A br a v e li s t in t r ut h a n d yet s ur ely

.
, ,

n o t w ith o ut i t s n o t a bl e o mi s s i o n s Th er e i s mo re t h a n .

o n e ma k er o f hi s t o ry fo r w ho m w e s eem t o l oo k i n v a i n .

\V ell es ley t h a t Ki n g o f men is n o l o n ge r e n s hri n ed i n t he

-
, ,

Go v er n me n t H o us e w hi c h o w es i t s e x i s t en c e t o h i m a n d ,

w hi c h is s o a p t a s y mbo l o f t h e E mpire he c r ea t ed The .

M a rq ues s o f D a l ho us i e the g rea tes t O f mo d er n Go ve r n o rs

,

G en er al a s L o rd C ur z o n ha s fi t ly c h a ra c t eri z ed h i m n o w
, ,

o c c upi es n o pl a c e o f h o n o ur i n t he I n s t i t ut e w hi c h bea r s h i s

n a me . C a l c ut t a n ev er t hl es s ha s n o t fo rgo t ten t h em
, ,
In .

t he c o ur s e o f a fe w y ea r s t h es e me mo ri a l s o f t h e ill us tri o us
,

d ea d w ill fi n d a fi t r es ti n g pl a ce i n t he V i c t o ri a Ha ll t he
-
,

”
Tw en ti et h c en t ury Ta j w hi c h w ill r ea r i t s g ra ce ful
,

he a d upo n t he s p o t n o w ma d e hid eo us by t he Pr es id en c y
j a il . Fo r t he p r es en t t h ey mus t be s o ught in t h ei r t e m

p o r a ry h o m e a t t h e I n di a n M us e u m N o r i s t h e s i t ua. ti on

un w o r t hy o f t h em Fo r t hey s t a n d up o n ei t h er s id e o f t he
.

y o un g Q ueen w h o m t he o n e w a s pro ud t o s erve a n d t h e

o th er li ved t o g r ee t : w hil e s urr o un di n g t h em a re t he
e lli
g ie s o f N e i ll a n d H a v el o c k a n d N i c h o l s o n a n d O u t r am ,

a n d h er oe s o f pea c e s uc h a s R e n n ell a n d M et c a lfe .

ON T HE M A ID AN .
— Th e v s i ito r ca nnot bet t er beg i n hi s
r
s u ve y o f t he mo n umen t s o n t he M a id a n th a n by d ri v i ng
t o t h e s o ut h er n mo s t ex t r emity o f t he S t r a n d R oa d .

P R IN S E P
’
S G n Ar — J us t . a bo v e t h e s ubu rb of H a s t i n gs ,

un d er t h e s outh -
w es t a n g e o f t he l fo rt ,
h is a tt en t i o n w i l l

be a rr es ted by a h a n d s o me st r uc t ure in t he G rec i a n I o n i c

 me S TAT E S AN D U MO N U M EN TS L
o r CA C U TTA. 369

s ty l e rc hitec t ure s t a n di ng bo ldly c o n s pi c uo us o n t he

of a ,

e a s t e rn s id e o f t h e S t r a n d R oa d Thi s is n o n e o t he r .

th a n t he fa mo us P rin s ep s Gh a t erec t ed by t he c i t i z en s ’
,

of C a l c ut t a i n t he f o rt i es t o p e rp et ua t e t h e m e m o ry o f
J A M E S P R IN S BP o n e o f t h e mo s t emi n en t men o f h is
“
,

d a y w ho a f t e r a s ho rt a n d brilli a n t c a reer fell a s a c ri

, , ,

fi c e t o h i s a r do ur i n t he p ur s ui t s o f s c i e n c e V ic to r .

m i n h i s Tr a v el s i n I n di a fr o m 1 828 t o 1 832
j q
a c u e o nt , , ,

w r i t e s t h us o f h i m He d ev o t es h is mo r n i n gs to a rc hi
t e c t ura l p la n s a n d d ra w i n g s h is d a y s t o a s s a yi n g a t t he
,
”
M i n t a n d hi s even i n gs t o mus ic a l c o n c ert s
,
.

J m
a e s P ri nse
p y o ung er bro t h er o f He n ry Th o by
w a s t he

P ri n s e p w ho s e bus t s t a n d s in t he Tow n H a ll a n d s ev en t h ,

so n o f J o h n P ri n s ep foun d er o f t he i n di go i n d us t ry in
,

B e n g a l a n d i n t ro d uc e r i n t o t he pro v i n c e o f t he pro c es s
of p ri n t i n g c o t t o n fa b ri c s He w a s bo r n in 1 7 99 a n d .
,

w a s a t t he a g e o f 20 a pp o i n t ed A s s i s t a n t As s a y M a s t er
,

a t t he C a l c ut t a M i n t His c hi ef w a s D r H o ra c e. .

H a y ma n W il s o n a ft e r wa rd s B o d en Pr o fes s o r o f S a n s
,

k ri t a t O x fo rd a n d fo r ma ny y ea r s Li br a ri a n a t th e I n di a
,

"
Ho use O n \V ils o n s r e t i remen t he bec a me As s a y M a s t er
. ,

a n d s uc c eed ed h i m a l s o in t h e S ec r et a ry s hi p o f t he A s i a

t ic S oc i et y O w i n g t o fa ili n g h ea l t h he w a s c o mp ell ed
.

t o l ea v e I n di a i n 1 838 a n d di ed in E n g l a n d in 1 840 a t
, ,

th e a ge o f 41 He w a s a ma n o f ma n y p a rt s
. Hi s s kill .

a s a n a r c hi t ec t w a s s h o w n by h is c o n s t r uc ti o n O f a b rid g e

o f fi v e a rc h e s o v er t h e ri ve r K a ra mn a s s a w hi c h di v id es

B e n a r es fro m Beh a r I t w a s h e a l s o w ho t o o k d o w n
.

a n d res t o red t he mi n a re t s o f t he mo s q ue O f Aurun gz ebe .

I n C a l c ut t a h e c o mpl et ed t he c a n a l beg un by a br o t h er
,

24
370 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

of his in t he B en g a l E n gi n eer s , w hi c h c o n n ec t s the

H o oghly w i t h t he na v i ga t i o n o f t he S un derbun ds To .

his ex pl o i t s a s a n a rc ha olog is t t he I n di a n M us eum

,

bea r s a bun d a n t t es ti mo n y The A s i a t i c So c i ety s R oo ms

’
.

c o n t a i n ed un til r ec en tly a bus t e r ec t ed by i t s me mbe r s i n

h is h o n o ur : it h a s no w been t r a n s ferred t o t he V i c t o ri a
M emo ri a l H a ll c o ll ec ti o n a t t he I n di a n M use um .

Th e hi s to ri c a l a s s oc i a ti o n s o f P rin se p s G h a t a re m a n y
’
.

She c a n n o l o n g er c l a i m t o s t a n d up o n t h e ri ve r b a n k -
,

but s he r et a i n s n ev ert hel es s h e r p o s i ti o n o f prid e a s t he

l a n di n g pl a c e o f ev ery di s ti n g ui s h ed v i s i to r w ho a p
-

p ro a c h es t h e Ci t y o f P a l a c es by s ea K i n g E d w a rd i n
.

1 875 a n d t he Pri n c e o f W a l es in t he c l o s i ng mo n t h s o f
,

1 905 h a v e a dh ere d s tri c tly t o ti me h o n o ur ed c us t o m a n d

,
-

ha v e a t t hi s s p o t r ec ei v ed i n t ur n t he l o y a l g r eet i n g s o f t h e
c iti ze n s Of C a l c ut t a Th e d a y s w h en t he pr er og a t i v e w a s
.

ex clu s i v ely en j o yed by Ch a n dp a l G h a t h a v e l o ng s i n c e

d ep a rted a n d s he ha s eve n been d ep ri v ed o f t he pri v i l eg e
,

F o r it i s fr o m P ri n s e p s
’

o f biddi n g f a r ew ell t o her r ul er s .

G h a t a l s o t h a t t h e V i c ero y a n d G o v er n o r G ene r a l s et s o ut-

up o n h i s ho m e w a rd v o y a g e a n d L o rd C ur z o n is t h e fi r s t
,

O f h is li ne w h o h a s t r a n s g r es s ed p rec ed en t by emba rk i n g ,

a s he a rr iv ed a t t he ri v a l p o r t o f B o mba y
, .

LOR D N AP IE R or N A G I) A I A
. .
— To t he ea s t of I ’
ri n s e p s
'

Gh a t , on i rc ul a r g r a s s pl o t l oo ki n g t o w a rd s t he ri v e r
a c

s id e. is t he n o bl e br o n z e eq ues t ri a n s t a t ue o f L o a n
N AP IE R O F M AG D A L A by S i r E d g a r B o eh m R A a r e pli c a,
. .
,

o f w hi c h s t a n d s i n t he c en t r e o f \V a t e rl oo Pl a c e i n L o n d o n .

The fig ure i s c lo t h ed in milit a rv un if o r m a n d i n o n e ,

h a n d i s p l a c ed a p a i r o f bi n o c ul a r s w it h w hi c h t he F i e l d
37 2 CA C L U TTA ow AN D N E W.

is 58 feet
i n c h es 6 In t h e c en t r e is a s a rc o ph a g us on
.

w hi c h i s en g r a v ed t he n a mes o f t he o ffi c er s n o n c o mmi s ,
-

s io ne d o ffic er s a n d men o f He r M a j es ty s a n d t h e Ho n ble

’ ’

C o mpa n y s s er v i c e w ho f ell i n t h e v i c t o ri o us a c t i o n s
’

of M a ha ra j po re a n d P un n ia r o n t he 20th D ec ember ,

The r eg i men t s c o mmemo r a t ed a re t he 2n d a n d

3rd t r oo p s 2n d brig a d e H o r s e Artill ery" 2n d a n d 3rd
, ,

tro o ps 3rd bri g a d e H o r se A r t ill ery t he l 6t h L a n c e rs

, , , ,

t he l s t 4t h , 8t h , a n d 1 0t h R eg i men t s o f t he C o m p a n y s
'

Li gh t C a v a lry t he 4t h I rr eg ul a r C a v a lry t he l s t c o m
, ,

p a n y l s t ba t t a li o n a n d i t h c o mp a n y 4th ba t t a li o n o f t h e
, , ,

C o mp a n y s A r t ill ery t h e l s t c o mp a n y
’
A r t ill ery S c i n
, , ,
”
d ia s C o n t i n g en t t h e B uff s t he 39 t h F oo t ( n o w t h e D o r
’
, ,

s et R eg i m en t) w ho h a d fo ug h t a t Pl a s s ey t h e 40t h a n d
, ,

50t h Foo t ( n o w t he S o ut h L a n c a s hir e a n d t he R o ya l

W es t K en t R egi men t s ) t he 2n d ( G r en a di ers ) 1 4t h l 6 t h
'

, , ,

( G r e n a di er s
) 3 9 t h 4 3 rd a n d 56t h N a t i ve I n f a n t ry a n d t h e
, , ,

R eg i me n t o f K a l a t i G ilz ie A mo n g t he o lfi c e rs w h o s e
- -
.

n a m es fi n d pl a c e i n t h e i n s c rip t i o n a re M a j o r G en e r a l -

C H Ch urc hill C B a n d Li eut en a n t C o l o n el E S a n d e r s

. .
, . .
,
-
.
,

C B. .o f t he H ea dq ua rt e r s S t a ff
, a nd M ajor G A C ro m , . .

me li n C B o f t h e l s t Li g h t C a v a lry
,
. .
, S o me o f th e s ur .

n a mes o f t h e E n li s h s o ldi e r s a re n o t i c ea bl e b h i r u
g y t e n

c o mmo n n es s : C a s ebo w E p a l et t K er n o n Tr oy H o m er
, , , ,

B um ev in F is hl oc k
, E q ua lly s t ri ki n g i s t he s p ell i ng o f
.

t he n a t i v e n a mes Tw a n ge ra l ly bei n g q ui t e un rec og n i s a b l e ,

a l th o u h
g P e er B a c c u s i s n o t T h e c a m p a i g n i n w h i c h .

t h ey f ell is n o w fo rg o t t e n a l t h o ug h t he ba r o n y c o n fe r r ed ,

up o n G o ug h t e ll s t he t a l e o f h i s a c h i v e me n t but it s r e s ul t s
w er e n o t un i mp o rt a n t fo r t h e v i n c l ud ed t he f o r ma t i o , n of
th e G w a li o r C o n t i n g en t o f m en un d e r t h e c o m m a n d
 THE S TATU E S a s !) MON U M E N TS o r CA CL U TTA . 373

o fpi c k ed E ngli s h offic er s w hi c h w a s t o be t he s o urce o f

,

s uc h a n x i ety t o R ed a n “ in dha m a n d C o li n C a mpbell

'

a t C a w n po re i n 1 857 .

S M \V 1 L1
'
. 1AM —
P es o At r n er f a c i n g t h e ma i n en
t he c o ,

t r a n c e to t h e E de n G a rd en s is t h e ma r bl e s t a t ue by S p eed
,

o f 8 m W tt ua “ P r am The t hird s o n o f t he g r ea t S i r
'

R o be rt I eel by t h e d a ug h te r o f G ene r a l S i r J o h n Fl o yd
’
,

t h e M ur a t o f t h e M y s o r e c a mp a i g n s a n d t h e mo s t d a s hi n g

c a v a l ry o fli c e r o f h is da y ill i a m P ee l c h a n c ed t o be in t he
,

y ea r 1 857 in I n di a n w a t e rs i n c o m ma n d o f Her M a j es t y s ’

f ri g a t e S ha n n o n Ha s t ily d es p a t c h ed t o t h e fro n t w i t h
.

h i s b l ue j a c k e t s h e l ed t he N a v a l B ri g a d e t o t he w a ll s o f
-
,

L uc k n o w w i t h t he rel iev i n g fo rc e o f S ir C o li n C a mpbel l .

A t t he bo mba r d me n t o f t he M a r t i n i er e he w a s ex p os i n g
h i m s el f w i t h h is us ua l i n di ffer en c e un d er fi re a n d t hi n ki n g ,

o n ly o f t he e ff ec t s o f h i s s h o t a g a i n s t t he b r ea c h he w a s

ma ki ng w he n he w a s w o un d ed i n t he t hi g h
,
\V h en L uc k
.

n o w h a d been c a p t ured a nd t
,
h e t i m e c a m e f o r t h e N a v a l
'

Br gai d e to r ej o i n t he S h a n n o n o n e o f t h e
, Ki n g o f O u d h s

m
’

ca rri a g es w a s p r p
e a red f o r hi T h e s hip
. s c a rp e n t e r s

p a i n t ed i t li n ed i t w i t h bl ue c o t t o n ma d e a res t fo r h is
, ,

fee t a n d p a i n t ed H M S S h a n n o n o v er t h e r o y a l a r ms
, . . .

o f L uc k n o w But w he n P eel s a w it he d ec li n ed t o us e
.
,

it s a yi n g t ha t he Wo uld pr ef er t o t r a v el in a d o o l ie lik e
,

o n e o f hi s bl ue j a c ke t s -
U n ha pp ily t he li t t er i n w hi c h
.

h e w a s pl a c ed h a d be e n us ed by a s ma ll p o x p a t i en t - .

He c a ug h t t he dis e a s e a t C a w n p o re a n d di ed i n t h a t
c i ty o f mo urn f ul memo ries o n April 27t h 1 858 A s un
, .
~

c o nc e r n ed i n t h e mi d s t o f d a n ger a s if a t a n ev en i ng

p a rty ,
h is c o m r a d es h a v e t o ld u s t h a t t o b e c l a s s e d w i t h
37 4 CA C L U TTA OLD AN D n ew .

h im w as as hi gh h o n o ur a s c o uld be w i s h e d
an .

“ i t h a j es t he w o n h is s a il o rs h ea r t s a n d h is s i n g ul a r
’

s e re n i t y i n t h e d a rk e s t h o ur o f b a t t l e r a i s ed t h e i r h o e
p s

a n d g a i n ed t h ei r s ur e t r us t He w a s t h ei r n a t ur a l l ea d e r
.
,

”
bec a us e h e w a s t h ei r o w n id ea l o f a p erfec t s a il o r ma n .

LO R D — I f t he
v i s i t o r w i ll n o w w a l k t h ro u h
g
t h e E d en G a rd en s p a s t t h e B ur m es e P a g o d a a n d o ut a t

t he n o r t h e r n g a t e h e w ill fi n d o n t h e O ppo s i t e s i d e t h e
,

e ffi g y by o f G eo r e E d e n s ec o n d Ba r o n a n d fi rs t
g ,

a n d o n ly E A R L o r A U C K L A N D G o ve rn o r G e n e ra l o f I n di a
,
-

fro m 1 836 t o 1 842 Th e p ed es t a l upo n w h ic h i t s t a n d s

.

di s pl a y s t he fo ll o w i n g p a n egy ric bv w a y o f in sc ri p
tlo n

To G eo rg e , E a r l of Auc kl a n d , G o vern o r G e n e r a l
-
of

I n di a . Thi s s ta t ue w a s e e c t er d by me n , of who m so me
w e re t he i n s t r umen t s o f h is g o v er n me n t o f w h o m ma n y ,

k n ew t h a t g o ve r n men t o n ly by it s be n i g n e ff ec t s a ll o f ,

w h o m a g r eed i n t h e a ffe c t i o n a te d es i re t o p e rp e t ua t e t he

me mo ry o f t he s i x y ea r s d uri n g w hi c h h e rul ed t he d es
t i n i es o f B ri t i s h I n di a — f o r t h i s j us t rea s o n t h a t t h ro ug h ,
.

o ut t h e w h o l e c o urs e o f t h o s e v ea rs he l a bo ured ea rn e s t l y
,

a n d un rem i t t i n ly t o m a k e s ec uri t y fro m r a pi ne a n d o

g p
pres s i o n f reedo m o f i n t er n a l t ra d e t h e me di c a l sc i e n c e
, ,

o f E ur o p e t h e j us t i c e w h ic h i s bl i n d t o di s t i n c t io n s o f
,

r a c e a n d t he mo ra l a n d i n t ell ec t ua l a ffl ue nc e w h i c h it
,

o
p e ns a
,
c o mm o n a n d p p
e r e t ua l i n he ri t a n ce to a l l t h e
n a t io n s w h o i n h a b it t h i s E m p ir e .

Thi s s t a t ue , li k e th a t of S i r \V illia m Peel , w as o n c e

w i t hi n t he E d en G a rd en s , fo r w hi c h C al c ut ta is i ndebt ed
37 6 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

\ i eero y a nd I n di a fro m 1 87 2
G o v er n o r - Gener a l of to

1 876 The g r a n i t e p ed es t a l bea r s a n i n s c rip t i o n o n

. it s
fo ur s ides i n E n g li s h B en g a lee P e r s i a n a n d H i n d i
, ,
.

Lo rd N o r t h broo k s urvi v ed hi s ret urn fro m I n d i a fo r

n ea rly t hi r t y y ea r s h is d ea t h a t t h e a g e o f 78 n o t t a ki n g
,

pl a c e un t il t he a ut umn o f 1 904 He w a s c rea t ed a n .

E a rl in 1 876 a n d fro m 1 880 t o 1 885 w a s F i r s t L o rd o f

, ,

t he A d m ir a l t y i n M r G l a
. d s t o n e s s e c
’
o n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .

B efo re c o mi n g t o I n di a h e h a d h a d t he a d v a n t a ge o f t w i c e
s erv i n g a s U n de r S ec r et a ry a t t h e I n di a O ffi c e
- fr o m ,
1 8 5 5!

t o 1 86 1 a n d a g
,
a i n fr o m 1 8 6 1 t o 1 8 6 4 H i s . V i c e r o y a l t y

i
w a s s g na z e li d by t e t h e rri b l e f a m i n e i n B e n g a l o f 1 8 7 3

74 a n d m e
,
o r h a p p ily b y t h e v i s i t t o I n di a o f Ki n g E d w a r d .

h
t en Pri n ce o f “ a l
’

es i n ,
t h e w i n t e r o f 1 8 7 5 W h
. i l e t h e

fa m n e w a s a g n g h e ec
i r i ,
d li n e d t o g o t o S i m l a a n d ,
s p e n t

t he ho t w e t
a h e r i n t he pl a i n s v i,
s i t i n g a m o n
, g o t h e r p l a c e s ,

H a z a ri ba gh a n d S h il lo n g s t a t i o n s ne ve r befo re a n d n e v er
,

s i n c e h o n o ur ed by t h e pr es en c e o f a V ic ero y .

Tue N IA C D O N E IJ . FO U N TA 1 N .
-
At t h e h ea d of O ld Po s t
O fli c e S t r eet h e re c o mes n ex t i n t o v iew a mem o ri a l
t

fo un t a i n erec t ed i n h o n o ur o f M R “ I LIJ AM F R A S E R
’
.

M AC D O N E L L o f t h e Ci v il Ser v i c e w ho w o n t he V i c t o ri a,

Cro s s fo r c o n s pi c uo us g a ll a n t ry i n 1 857 i n t he s a d l y ,

mi s ma n a ged a tte mp t m a d e fr o m P a t n a t o r eli ev e t h e

g a ll a n t g a rri s o n o f t h e Li t t l e H o us e a t A rr ah a nd w h o ,

l a t er o n fi ll ed t he o fli c e o f j ud ge o f t he Hi g h C o ur t a t
C a l c ut t a fro m 1 874 t o 1 886 He di ed a t Ch elt e n h a m
.

i n 1 894 . Th e v i s i t o r w i ll l oo k i n v a i n fo r t he po rt r a i t
med a lli o n w hi c h w o uld h a ve a dd ed s o g r ea t ly t o t h e
int er es t o f t h e memo ri a l But th ere is a n i n s c ri p t i o n
.
 m tz
“
-
S TAT UE S AN D MO N U M E N TS O F C AL C U TTA . 377

on t he s id e fa c i n g t he H i g h C o ur t w hi c h p a y s a de ,

“
s e r v ed t ri but e not
,
o n ly to h is p ers o n a l br a v ery i n
a c ti on ,w hi c h w o n fo r h i m th e hi g h es t di s t i n c t i o n hi s
”
s o v e re i n h a d t o bes t o w
g but a l s o t o
, h i s ma n ly rec
t i t ud e a n d ki n dly di s p o s i t i o n w hi c h g a i n ed fo r h i m

t h r o ug h o ut h is lo n g s er v i c e t he r es p ec t a n d a ffec t i o n o f

a ll w h o k n e w h i m s et t i n g a l w a y s a n h o n o ur a ble ex a mpl e
,

t o h is c o ll ea g ues a nd h is c o un t ry men The ex pl o i t .

w h i c h w o n fo r M a c D o n ell t h e Cro s s o f V a l o ur i s t h us

d es c ri bed by S i r G eo rge Tr ev ely a n in t he C o mpeti ti o n

l I a lla h : O n r ea c hi n g t he ba n k s o f t h e n ull a h t he
'

s o ld i e r s w ho ha d n o w l o s t p res enc e o f mi n d s el f ,
‘

r es p ec t s ubo rdi n a t i o n ev ery t hi n g but t he un bridl ed

, ,
‘

d es i re fo r s a fet y t h rew t h e ms el v es i n t o t he w a te r a n d
, ,

s w a m a n d w a d ed t o t h e bo a t s i n t o w hi c h t h ey c r o w d ed

w it h a ll t he un s ee mly h urry o f a n o v erp o w eri ng t erro r .

-\ s t h ey s t r ugg l ed w i t h t he c urre n t fi o un de red i n t he

,

m ud a n d s c ra mbled o v er t h e g un w a l es t h e s ep o y s pli ed
, ,

t h e m w i t h s h o t a t pi s t o l r a ng e direc t i n g t h ei r es p ec i a l
,

a t t e n t i o n t o a ba r e w hi c h w a s p rev en t ed fr o m eff ec t i n g
g
i t s e s c a p e by a r o p e t w i s t ed r o un d t he r udd e r The men .

i n s i d e c r o uc h ed a t t he bo t t o m o f t he bo a t n o t d a ri n g .

t o s h o w t h ei r h ea d s a bo ve t h e bul w a rk s a s a ma rk fo r

a h un dr ed mus k et s N o t hi n g c o uld h a v e a v er t ed t he
.

c a p t ur e a n d d es t r uc t i o n o f t h e w h o l e p a r t y ha d n o t a ,

y o un g v o l un t eer M a c D o n ell by n a me c li mbed o ut o ver

, ,

t he s te m a nd un fa s ten ed t he ro p e a mid s t a h a il o f
b ull et s .

A s ec o n d \ tc to ria C ro s s w a s
_
ea r ne d fo r t he Ci v il
S erv i c e, d uri ng t h a t s a me ret rea t o f b r a v e men in effi
378 C A LC U TTA O LD AN D N EW

c ie n t ly led , by R o s s M a n g les , C h a ir ma n o f t h e
son of t he

C o ur t o f D i r ec t o rs fo r t h e v ea r w ho c a rri ed a w o un d ed
.

s o ldi er o f t h e 37 t h R e g i me n t o n h is ba c k fo r s i x m il e s .

“
l a yi n g h i m d o w n te n de rly fro m t i me t o t i me w h e n t h e
e n e my c a m e t o o c lo s e t o be pl ea s a n t M r M a n g l es
$ 9
. .

re t ire d f ro m I n d ia i n 1 883 a s a m ember o f t h e B o a rd o f

,

R ev e n ue a n d d ied s o rec en tly a s M a rc h 1 905 ,

.

S IR H YD E
E D W AR D B a s ra — Cro s s i n
v r t o t h H i h
g o e e g
C o urt a n d en t eri n g by t h e pri n c ip a l p ubli c en t ra n c e t h e
, ,

v i s i t o r w ill fi n d a t t h e h ea d o f t h e ma i n s t a i r c a s e a h a n d
,

s o me me mo ri a l m a rbl e s t a t ue by S i r F r a n c i s Ch a n t r e y .

R A . . o f S ir E D W A R D H Y D E E A S T
, B a ro n e t Chi ef j us t i c e
, ,

o f t he S up re m e C o ur t a t F o rt f r o m 1 81 3 t o 1 8 22 .

I n fo r me r d a y s t h e s t a t ue s t o o d in t h e g r a n d j ury r o o m o f -

t h e o ld S upr e me C o urt w h i c h s t o o d o n t he s a me s i t e a s

t he p res e n t buildi n g Th e i n s c ripti o n up o n t h e p ed e s t a l

.

rec o rd s t h a t h e w a s a p ri n c ip a l fo un de r o f t h e H i n d u
”
C o l leg e fo r pr o mo t i n g li ber a l ed uc a t i o n i n I n di a a nd t h a t ,

t he n a t i v e i n h a bi t a n t s o f C a lc ut t a c a us ed t hi s s t a t ue t o

be r a i s ed A D . . S i r E d w a rd Hyd e E a s t w a s
c re a t ed a ba r o n e t i n 1 823 o n h i s re t urn t o E n g l a n d
,
a nd ,

a ft e r s i t t i n i n P a rli a men t fo r s o me y ea r s w as i 1 830

g n , , ,

a pp o i n t ed a m e mbe r o f t h e j udi c i a l c o m m i t t e e o f t h e
Pri vy C o un c il He di ed i n 1 847 His pr ed ec es s o r a s
. .

C hi e f j us t ic e w a s S i r He n ry R us s ell t he un c l e o f t he ill ,

fa t ed R o s e Ay l me r : w h il e h i s t w o i mme di a t e s uc c es s o r s ,

S i r R o ber t H en ry Blo s s et a n d S i r Chri s t o ph er P ull er w h o ,

bo t h l ie buri ed i n S t j o h n s Ch urc hy a rd d es er ve c o mm e
’
.
,

m o ra t i o n fr o m t he mel a n c h o ly c o i n c id enc e t h a t t h ey
h eld t h e o ffi c e fo r ba rely a mo n t h ea c h .
380 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

o ne a n n ex a ti o n , t ha t o f C oo rg , of
hi c h he pro ud l y a s s e fit
w

c d t h a t i t w a s eff ec te d i n c o n s ide r a t i o n o f t he un a n i m o us
B ut a s M a c a ul a y s i n s c ripti o n t es t i
’
w i s h o f t he p eo pl e .
,

fies h is a d mi n i s t ra t i o n w a s ma d e memo r a bl e by t h e v ic
,

t o ri e o
s f p e a c e . F o r it i s t o h i m t h a t I n di a o w es t he i n t r o

d uc t i o n o f s te a m c o mmun i c a t i o n t he a bo li t i o n o f S ut t ee
, ,

an d t h e s u ppr e s s i o n o f T h u gg e e t h e a
, pp o i n t m e n t o f t h e

La w C i
o mm s s o n w i hi c h dr e w u p t h e P e n a l C o d e ,t h e d r a w

in g up o f M a c a u l a y s f a m
’
o u s s c h e m e o f E n g li s h E d u c a t i o n ,

f d
t he o un a t o n o t e i f h M e di c a l C o ll eg e t h e
,
a d m i s s i o n o f
d
e uc a t e d I n di a n s t o t h e hi g h e r o ffi c e s o f s t a t e a n d t h e a b a n

do nm en t o f a ll re s t ri c t i o n s o n t ra d e Tw o g rea t q ua li
.

t i es a re s a id t o h a v e di s t i n g ui s h ed h i m i n a ma r k ed

d eg r ee— p erfec t i n di fferen c e t o p o p ul a r a ppl a us e a n d h i g h

mo r a l c o ur a ge . Th e ma n w h o p erh a p s d o es m o s t
”
h o n o ur t o E ur o pe in As i a is h e w h o go v ern s it ,
w ri t es

V ic t o r j a c q uemo n t in h i s en t er t a i n i n g a c c o un t o f h is
t r a v el s i n I n di a ,L o rd \V illia m Ben t i n c k o n t he t h r o n e
o f t h e G rea t M og ul t hi n k s a n d a c t s li k e a P en n s yl v a n i a n

Q u a k e r . Y o u m a y e a s i ly i m a g i n e t h a t t h e r e a r e p e o pl e

w ho t a lk l o udly o f t h e di s s o l ut i o n o f t h e E mpi r e a n d O f

t he w o rld s e n d w h en t h ey beh o ld t h eir t emp o r a ry r ul e r

’

ridi n g o n h o r s eba c k pl a i n ly d res se d a n d w i t h o ut esc o rt o r ,

o n h is w a y i n t o t he c o un try w i t h his umbr ell a un d e r h is

”
a rm . Lo rd “ ill ia m B en t i n c k w a s t he fi r s t Go v ern o r
’

G en er a l o f I n di a pro p erly s o c a ll ed
, U n t il N o vemb e r
.
,

1 834 w h en he fo r ma lly a s s umed c h a rge o f t h a t o fii c e

, ,

t he c o rr ec t d es i g n a t i o n o f hi ms el f a n d h is pr ed ec es s o r s

h a d been t h a t o f G o v e r n o r G en er a l o f t he Pr es ide n c y o f
-

Fo r t W illi a m i n B en g a l : a l t h o ug h t he pr a c t i c e h a d been
t o s p ea k o f t h em a s Go v er n o r s G en era l o f I n di a -
. On
 THE S TATU E S AN D M O N U ME N TS o r CA C UTTA L . 381

h is r et urn t o E n g l a n d h e w a s r et ur n ed to P a rli a me n t a s
,

L ibe r a l me mber fo r G l a s go w a t t he Gen er a l E l ec ti o n o f

1 83 7 a n d r et a i n ed t he s ea t un t il a few d a y s befo r e h i s
,

d ea t h He di ed in P a ri s i n 1 839 a t t he a ge o f 65 h a v i n g
.
,

p r ev i o us ly been o ffered a n d ref us ed a p eera ge .

W A R R E N HA S T I N G S
’

.
— AC I O S S
th e r o a d a n d w i t hi n t he
’

s o ut h p o r t i c o o f t h e To w n H a ll w hi c h i mmedi a t ely f a c es
,

t h e effi g y o f L o rd W illi a m B en t i n c k t he v i s i t o r w ill n ex t

.
,

r i v e t he s t a t ue o f W A R R E N H A S TI N G S I t i s o n e o f t he
p e c e .

fi n es t e ffo r t s o f S ir R i c h a rd W es t ma c o t t a n d it w o uld be
'

i mp o s s i bl e t o fi n d t w o mo re s t ri ki n g pi ec es o f s c ulp t ure t h a n
t h e fi g ures o f t he B r a h ma n p un di t a n d t he s ea t ed M us

s ulm a n upo n eith er s id e o f t he p ed es t a l B ut i n i t s p re

.

s en t p o s i t i o n h a lf o bs c ure d by pill a r s a n d bri c k w o rk

,
-
,

a nd a ll but i n v i s i bl e fr o m t he r o a d w a y t he bea ut i es ,

of t hi s s plen did g r o up a re c o mpl e t ely l o s t N o r a re .

i n c o n g r ui ty a n d o bs c uri t y t he o n ly di s a d v a n t a ges fro m

w hi c h i t s uff er s The d us t li es thi c k up o n t he ped es t a l
.
,

a n d idle a n d i rr ev e r en t h a n d s h a v e n o t s hr un k fr o m defa c

i n g t h e ma r bl e w i t h t h eir s c ri bbl e .

Th e i n v ec t i v e o f B urke a n d M a c a ul a y a n d t he memo ri es
of t h e l o n g dr a w n o ut i mp ea c h men t a t t he B a r o f th e
- -

H o use o f L o rd s h a ve c o n s pi r ed t o en v el o p t he n a me o f
,

W a rr en H a s ti n gs in a n o bl o q uy w hi c h th e mo re so ber
j udg me n t o f p o s t eri t y w i ll be s l o w t o a c c o rd He is n o .

l o n ge r t he c a p t a i n gen era l o f i n iq ui t y fo r w h o s e c ri mes

-

n o a dj ec t i v e c a n be i m mod er a t e a n d n o f o r m o f c o n dem
,

n a tio n i n a ppro pri a t e o r un de s er v ed Y et it ma y be

.

d o ubt ed w h et h er j us tic e ha s ev en t o d a y been c o mpl et ely

a w a rd ed t o hi m Ho w ma n y E n gli s h men a d eq ua t el y
.
382 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

rea li z e t h a t i t w a s h e w ho d uri n g t he ele v en y ea r s o f h i s

,

r ul e i n B en g a l s ec ur ely l a id t he fo un da t i o n s o f t he B ri t i s h
,

po w er i n I n di a ? A n d i f h i s s uc c es s o r s h a v e a c c o mpl i s h ed
muc h i t is t o h i m t h a t t hey o w e t h e o pp o r t un ity a n d t he
,

p o s s i bil ity M a c a ul a y w i t h a ll h is bi a s a n d his l o v e o f

.
,

pi c t ure s q ue ex a gg er a t io n h a s bo r n e n ev er t heles s o ut
,

s p o k en t es t i mo n y t o t h e w o rk o f H a s t i n s a s a n a d m i n i s
g
t ra t iv e o rg a n i z e r a n d a s t a t es ma n

His i n t er n a l d mi n i s t ra t io n w ith a ll i t s bl e m i s h e s
a .

g i v es hi m a t i t le t o b e c o n s i de r ed a s o n e o f t h e m o s t

re ma rk a ble me n i n o ur h is to r
y H e
. di s s o l v ed t h e d o ub l e

g o v e rn men t o f N a b o b a n d C o m p a n y H .e t ra n s f e rr ed
t h e d i rec t i o n o f a ffa i r s t o E n g l is h h a n d s The w h o l e
.

o rg a n iz a t io n b v w h ic h j us t ic e w a s d i s p en s e d r ev e n ue c o l
,

lec t ed , p ea c e m a i n t a i n ed t h ro ug h o ut a t e rri t o rv no t ih
fe rio r i n p o p ul a t io n t o t h e do m in io n s o f L o ui s t he S i x
t een t h o r t h e E mp ero r j o s ep h w a s fo r med a n d s up e ri n
,

t e n de d by h i m He bo a s ted t h a t ev e ry p ubli c o ffi c e w i t h

.
,

o ut ex c ep t io n w h ic h e x is t ed w h en h e l e ft B en g a l
,
w as ,

h is c rea t i o n The j us t fa m e o f Ha s t i n g s ri s es
. s t i ll

h ig he r w h en w e r efl ec t t ha t h e w a s n o t b r e d a s t a t e s
ma n : t h a t h e w a s s en t fro m s c h o o l t o a c o un t i n g ho us e -

a n d t ha t h e w a s emp lo ye d d ur i n g t he p ri m e o f h i s m a n

h o o d a s a c o m m erc ia l a g en t fa r fr o m a ll i n t ell ec t ua l
,

s o c i et y N o r mus t w e fo rg et t h a t a l l o r a l mo s t a l l t o
.
, ,

w ho m w h e n p la c ed a t t h e h ea d o f a ffa i r s
,
h e c o ul d ,

a pp ly fo r a s s i s t a n c e w er e p e rs o n s w h o o w ed a s li t t l e a s
,

hi ms elf o r l e s s t h a n h i m s elf t o ed uc a t i o n His o w n re .

fl ec t io n h i s o w n e n e rg y w e re t o s upply t h e pl a c e o f a l l
,

D o w n i n g S t r ee t a n d S o m e rs et Ho us e It m us t be a d d ed
.
384 C AL C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

h i r s even y ea r s pe r s ec uti o n o f hi m by ri s i ng in t heir

t e
’

pl a c es a n d c h eeri ng h im w h en he en t ere d a n d un c o v er
i n g a s he w i t hd rew B ut t h e h a l f p ro mi s ed p eera ge w a s
.
-

n ev er c o n f err ed a n d i t w a s a s pl a i n W a rr en H a s t i n s
, g
t h a t t he g r ea t p ro c o n s ul di ed p ea c ef ully a t D a yl es fo r d
-

i n 1 81 8 . Th e s t a t ue befo re us a s t he i n s c rip t i o n s h o w s
, ,

w a s n o t e r ec t ed un t il t h e y e a r 1 830 In t h e I n di a O ffi c e .

t h e r e h a s bee n pl a c ed a t t h e f oo t o f t he g r a n d s t a i r c a s e

a n o t h e r by J o h n F l a x ma n R A w hi c h w a s c o m pl et ed
,
. .
,

i n 1 823 a n d fo r merly s t o o d i n t he g en e ra l c o ur t r o o m
,

o f t he E a s t I n di a H o us e i n L ea de n h a ll S t reet A n d in .

t h e n o rt h t ra n s ep t o f “ e s t min s t e r Abbey i s a t hi rd
’

s t a t ue i n h is h o n o ur t he w o rk o f B a c o n t he y o un g e r
,
.

LOR D C O R N W AL L l s .
— I f C a l c ut t a h a s been un g r a t e f ul t o
\V a rren H a s t i n g s i n t h e ma t t er o f t h e pl a c i n g o f h i s effi g y ,

t h e pli gh t o f Ch a r l es s ec o n d E a rl a n d fi r s t
, M A R Q U tzs s -

C O R N W AL Lt s . f a t h er o f t he Ci v il S er v i c e a n d t a me r o f
”
Ti g er o f M y s o re mo re c r uel
“
t he is
,
s t ill At .

t he w es t en d o f t h e l o w er fl o o r o f t h e To w n H a l l the .

g r ea t G o v e r n o r
-
G e n e ra l s t a n d s i n s il e n t w o n d e r a t t h e

r ec o mp en s e me t ed o ut t o h i m by p o s t eri t y N o t mo r e .

t h a n a ye a r o r t w o a go t h e v i s i t o r t o t h e To w n H a ll

mi gh t w ell h a v e been f o rg i v en i f h e le f t t he buil di n g

w h o lly i g n o ra n t O f t h e ex i s t en c e o f t hi s s t a t ue H i dd e n .

behi n d fr o w s y bo o k s he l v es a n d p a rt i t i o n s
- an d s ur ,

ro un d ed by t he B a boo s o f t he M un i c ip a l E n gi n eer s O ffic e ’

a n d t he W a t e r Vl o rk s D ep a rt men t i t w a s i mmur ed i n a
'

v eri t a bl e o ubli e t t e . The v ery ex i s t en c e o f C o r n w a ll i s

s eemed f o rgo t t en : a n d t he M un i c ip a l c l erk s us ed th e
s t ep s o f t h e ped es t a l a s a r ec ept a c l e fo r t h eir bun dl es a n d
 THE S TATU E S A N D M O N U M E N T S L
o r C A C U TTA . 3815

t he i r fi l es . Io
’
—
d y a th e litt er a nd lumber h a v e been t e
a nd ve t a ken
m o ved : but un s ightl y w ooden i ron ro
p p s h a

th ei r pla ce a n d s eri ous y l ob s tr u c t t he v i ew Y e t e v e

. n ,

in it s sordid envi o n men , a

r t n d i n s p i te o f t h e d u s t a n d

t he c o bw ebs a n d t e h d a r k n e s s t h e m a
, g n i fi c e n t b e a u t y o f

th e mo n umen i t s a pp a r en t t o t h e m o s t c a s u a l o f o b s er

ver s . Th e w o r k o f t he scul pto r j o h n B a c on t he y oun ger

, ,

i s seen a t i t s bes t D res sed in R o ma n c os t ume of

.

the c l a s si c a e w ith a l a ur el b r a nc h i n h is h an d
g ,

Co rn w a ll i s confr o n t s us in a ma j es ti c a ttit ud e w hi c h even

t h e i n congruity o f h is garb c a n n o t d es troy O n ei th er .

s id e s its a fema l e a l l ego ri ca l figure ; t he on e gra sps

a mi rr o r , t he oth er a s erp en t : a n d bo th a re o f s up erb

w o r kman s hi n d ex q ui s it e d es i gn T h e w h o l e i s pl a c ed
p a .

upo n a ma r bl e pl a t fo r m, t o w hic h a cc es s is gi ven by a

flig h t o f th ree s t eps U pon t he ba c k o f t he ped es ta l i s
.

a la ud a t or i n s c ri p t i o n w hi c h i s i n j a r ri ng c on tr a s t t o th e
y
ac t ua l r ea lity o f t he sc en e .In h onour of th e Mos t
N o b l e Ma rq ui s C o r n w a lli s , X C , Governo r Gen era l o f. .
-

In d i a fro m Sept ember , 1 786 t o O c t ober 1 7 93, w ho by ,

a n a d mi n i s tr a ti o n un i fo rmly c o n d uc t ed o n t he p ri n c ipl es

o f w i sd o m, eq u ity a nd soun d poli c y i mproved t he i n t er

, ,

na l r eso u rc es o f t h e c o un try p r o mo ted t he h a ppi n es s o f

,

it s i nh a bit a nts co n c i li a ted t he fri en d s hi p of t he n a t ive

,

p o w er s , co n fi r m e d t h e a tt a c h m e n t o f t h e a lli e s o f t h e

Compa n y a nd es t a bli s h ed t he reput a ti o n o f t he B riti s h

,

n a me i n Hi n dus ta n fo r goo d f a ith a n d mo d er a ti o n By .

fix i ng i n perpet uity t he publ i c d ema n d fo r t he l a n d ed

reven ue he ga ve t o t he p ro pri eto rs of the s o il for t he
,

fi rs t ti me a pe r ma n en t in teres t i n it a n d by t he fo r ma ,

ti on of a co d e o f r eg ul a ti o ns fo r ev ery d epa rt men t o f

25
386 CA L C U TTA AN D N EW .

the Go ve r n men t , he bes t o w ed ion o f I n di a t he

t he n a t v es

ben efi t o f a co n s t i t ut i o n a n d a s ec uri t y befo re un k n o w n in

t he en j o y me n t o f t h ei r ri ght s a n d pro p erty Fo rc ed i nt o .

a w a r by t he un pr o v o k ed a r i f T i S u l t
gg es s o n o pp o o a n ,

h is e m i n en t mili t a ry t a l en t s in th e c o n d uc t o f i t w er e no
l es s c o n s pi c uous th a n h is mo d er a t i o n in v i c t o ry As a .

l a s ti n g memo ri a l o f t h es e impo rt a n t se rv i c es a n d a s a
t es t i mo n y o f t h ei r r es p ec t a n d es te em fo r a G o v er n o r

Gen er a l un de r w h o se a d mi n i s tr a t i o n p ubli c s piri t w a s en

c o ura g ed a n d merit li ber a ll y rew a rd ed t hi s s t a t ue w as
,

er ec t ed by t he B riti s h i n h a bi t a n t s o f B en g a l A D ,
. .

S uc h is t he pi t o me o f L o rd C o rn w a lli s fi r s t a d mi n i s
e
’

t ra t io n. B ut he en j o y s t h e di s t i n c t i o n o f h a v i n g t w i c e
been G o ve r n o r G en e ra l o f I n di a
- O n t h e d epa r t ure o f
.

L o rd W ell es l ey in 1 805 h e w a s prev a i l ed upo n t o r es ume

,

h is f o r mer p o s t a t t he urgen t pr a y er s o f t he I n d i a H o us e .

He w a s i n h i s s i x t y fi ft h
-
y ea r : a n d pr ud e n c e m i g h t w e ll
h a v e di c t a t ed ref us a l S i n c e h is r et urn t o E n g l a n d i n
.

1 793 he h a d been L o rd Li eut en a n t o f I r el a n d w ith L a k e

,
-
,

a s h i s ri g ht h a n d ma n
- w hi le t h e g r ea t r ebelli o n o f 1 7 9 8
,

w a s a t it s w o r s t a n d i n 1 802 h e h a d p e rfo r med w h a t h e

,

mi ght h a v e been ex c use d fo r r eg a rdi n g a s h is l a s t p ub l i c

s erv i ce by a c t i n g a s o n e o f t he s i g n a t o ri es t o t he pe a c e

o f A mi e n s . Th e D i rec to r s how ev en w er e i mpo rt un a t e

, ,

a n d h e re s o l v ed t o es s a y t he t a s k He a rri v ed a t C a l c ut t a
.

in J uly 1 805 w i t h t he a vo w ed i n t en t i o n o f t urn i n g ba c k

up o n t he f oo t s t ep s o f h is bo ld er pr ed ec es so r The p re .

“
v a ili n g f ren z y o f c o n q ues t w a s t o be s ubd ued : a n d

t he C o m p a n y s t r ea s ury s a v ed fro m utt er ex h a us t i o n

'
.

B ut t he c li ma t e o f B en ga l pl a y ed h a v oc w ith the o l d
388 CA L C UTTA ow AN D N EW .

t hat p en a n c e o f W a rren H a s ti ng s a n d h is c o mp a n i o n
t he

in mi s fo rt une i s li k ely h erea fter t o l a s t o n ly s o l o n g a s

t h e buildi n g o f t he V i c t o ri a M emo ri al H a ll upo n t he

M a id a n is i n p rog res s The C o r po r a t i on h a ve o ffered

.

bo t h s t a t ue s t o t he Trus t ees fo r i n c l us i o n i n t he s c ulp t ure

: a n d C a l c ut t a s t ri but e o f a d mir a t i o n
’

g a ll ery i n t h e H a ll
a n d r es p ec t w ill befo re l o n g be fi t t in gly i f t a rdily p a i d ,
.

W e ma y lea v e
’
f ut ure v i s i t t o t h e
un t il t h e i
oc c a s o n o f a

Tow n H a ll t h e d es c ri p
,
t i o n o f t h e m a n y i n t e res t i n
g b us t s

a n d p o rt r a i t s w hi c h a re pl a c ed a bo ut t he upp er fl oo r a n d

t he n o r t h er n v es t i bul e .

LO R D C Am c .
— R et ur n i n g t o t h e B en t i n c k S t a t ue , w e

proc eed t o w a rd s t he w es t er n g a t e o f G ov er n men t H ous e

a n d s ki r t t he enc l o s ure un t i l w e rea c h i t s s o ut h w es t c o rn e r -
.

H ere up o n a g ra s s pl o t s t a n d s a bro n z e eq ues tri a n s t a t ue

o f E A R L C AN N I N G Go v er n o r Ge n era l o f I n di a fro m 1 85 6
,
-

t o 1 862 a n d fi r s t V i c eroy
, I t w a s mod elle d by J H. . .

Fo l ey R A , a n d c o mp l et ed by T
. .
, B roc k R A .
, . .

Ch a rl es J oh n C a n n i n g s ec on d V i s c o un t a n d fi r s t E a rl
,

C a n n i ng w a s t he t hi rd s o n o f Geo rge C a n n i ng t h e
, .

s ta tesma n His t w o eld er br ot h er s h a v i ng di ed he s uc

.
,

c e e d ed h i s m o th e r i n 1 837 i n t h e p eer a ge co n f err ed upo n

her a ft er h er h us ba n d s d ea t h a n d bec a me V i s c o un t C a n
’
,

n i n g o f K i l bra h a n i n t he C o un t y o f Kilk en n y In 1 841 he .

,

w a s a p p o i n t ed by P eel t o be U n d e r Sec r et a ry fo r Fo r ei n -
g
Aff a i r s a n d h eld t he o ffi ce fo r fi v e y ea r s w h en he w a s
, ,

a pp o i n t ed F ir s t C o mmi s s i o n e r o f “f ood s a n d Fo r es t s He .

j o i n ed L o rd Aberd een s G ov er n men t in 1 853 a s P os t’

ma s t er G en er a l : a n d in h is ma n a gemen t of t he D epa rt
-
 THE U
S TAT E S AN D M O N U M E N TS L
o r C A C U TTA . 389

m en t l i h ed a rep uta ti o n fo r a d mi n i s t ra ti v e a bility

es t a b s

w h i c h f o r es h ad o w ed t he q ua liti es w hi c h w ere t o di s

t i n g uis h hi s I n di a n V a —
i cero y lty un remitti n g i n d us t ry th e ,

h a b it o f c a r ef ul en q ui ry i n t o t he f a c t s o f ea c h c a s e a n d ,

c a ut i o n so me ti mes p erh a ps c a rri ed t o ex c es s B ut w h a t

.
,

e v e r h i s me rit s a s a w o rk er h e did n ot s hi n e a s a s p ea k er
, .

S i r M oun t s t ua rt G r an t D uff ha s reco rd ed in h is N o t es

-

f r o m a D i a r y t h e a cc o u n t g i v e n h i m b y L o rd D uffe ri n

( w h o w a s p r es e n t ) o f t h e c a t a s t r o p h e o f h i s fi r s t a pp ea r
a nc e . L o rd C a n n i ng a ft er ut t eri n g t w o o r three s en
t eh ees in h is ma id en s peec h p ut h is h a n d s be fo re hi s f a c e
, ,

M y L o rd s I c a n n o t go o n th us r ui n i ng his
’
a n d s a id , , ,

c a r eer a s a pa rli a men t a ri a n ,

th o ugh n o t a s a p ubli c ma n .

In 1 858, he w a s no mi na t ed t o s uc c eed L o rd D a lh o us i e
a s Gov ern or G en era l
-
of
I n di a a n d h el d the offi ce un til
M a rc h 1 862 It w a s t he f a t e o f Lo rd C a n n i n g w ho h a d
, .
,

s a i d a t his f a rew ell ba n q uet i n Lo n d o n th a t he ea r nes t ly

d es i red a po li c y o f pea c e t o meet t he g r ea t es t c ri s i s t h a t

,

h a s thr ea t en ed th e B riti s h E mpire i n I n di a

“
I w i s h for .

”
a pea c eful ter m o f offi ce he ha d to ld t he C o urt o f D irec
,

t o r s w ho h a d met t o do h i m h o n o ur but I c a n n o t fo rget

,

t h a t in t he s ky o f I n di a s er en e a s it is a s ma ll c l o ud ma y
, ,

a ri s e n o l a rg er t h a n a ma n s h a n d
’
but w hi c h g ro w
, ,

i n g l a rger a n d l a rger ma y a t l a s t th re a t en t o bur s t a n d

,

”
o v e rw h el m us w ith r ui n N ev er w ere w o rd s mo r e p ro
.

p h e t ic o r a bl o w m o r e s udd en I n di a i s q ui et thro ugh

.

”
o ut , a n n o un ced t he B o mba y Ga z et t e o n M a y l s t 1 857 , .

N i n e d a y s l a t er th e s epoy s a t M eer ut bro k e i n to Open

,

mut i n y : a n d fo r t w en ty mo n t h s t h e E ngli s h w ere a t ba y

, .

Th e hi s to ry o f Lo rd C an n i ng s a d mi n i s t ra tion h ow ever
’
, ,
390 C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W
L .

is on ly h a l f t o ld w i t h t he t a le o f t he S ep o y M ut i n y . On
t h e 1 8t h N ov e mber ,
1 858, t h e G o v er n men t o f I n di a w as

r
t a ns e f rr ed t o t he C ro w n a n d t he C o mp a n y s G o ve r n o r
,
’

G en er a l bec a me t he fi r s t V i c er o y o f Hi n d us t a n I n 1 86 1 .
,

t h e I n di a n C o un c il s Ac t s a n c t i o n e d t h e a ddi t i o n o f n o n

o fli c i a l m e mber s t o t h e S upre m e a n d Pr o v i n c i a l l eg i s l a
‘

t ures . A n era o f pr o g r es s a n d i n t e r n a l re fo r m s uc c eed ed

t h a t o f bl o o d s he d a n d r a pi n e B ut g rea t a s w e re t he
.

bo o n s L o rd C a n n i n g c o n ferr ed i n t h e pro se c ut i o n o f h is
p o li c y o f ex p a n s i o n a n d d evel o p men t he ren d e red I n di a ,

a y e t g r ea t e r s e r v i c e by t h e u n r ufil ed e q ua n i m i t y a nd

s t ri c t i m p a r t i a li t y w i t h w h i c h h e c o n fr o n t ed t h e d a rk es t

h o ur o f p eri l The epi t he t o f Cl eme n c y C a n n i n g c o n

.

f err ed o n h i m by h is c o un t ry men in d e ri s i o n i s n o w re ,

member ed o n ly t o h i s h o n o ur a d h is pr a i se
n 1 .

The l a s t mo n t h s o f L o rd C a n n i n g s s t a y in I n di a w e re’

c l o ud ed by t h e de a t h o f h i s w i fe w h o d ied a t B a rr a c k
,

p o re ia N o v ember 1 86 1 ,
S he h a d v i s i t ed D a rj eel i n g fo r
.

a bri e f c h a n w hil t h V i r y w t ur i U p r
g e e
, e c e o a s o n o n
p e

I n di a a n d o n h er w a y d o w n t h ro ug h t h e m a l a ri o us T e r ai
,

w a s a t t a c k ed by j un l e fev e r w hi c h ra pidly pr o v e d f a t a l
g , .

Th e l o s s t o ld s ev e rely up o n h i m He w a s c r ea t ed a n E a rl
.

i n 1 859 a n d a K n i g h t o f t he G a r t e r o n h is re t i reme n t
, B ut .

h e s ur v i v ed h is r e t ur n t o E n g l a n d o n ly a few w ee k s He .

di ed in L o n d o n in J un e 1 862 a n d li es buri ed i n “ e s t
'

, ,

m i n s t e r Abbey .A v ery mi rr o r o f h o n o ur t h e p a t t e r n o f ,

a j us t hi gh mi n d ed fe a rl es s s t a t e s ma n k i n d a n d c o n s i
,
-
, ,

”
d era t e a n d w i t h o ut p er s o n a l bi a s a g a i n s t h is o pp o n en t s .

S uc h a re t h e w o rd s i n w hi c h h is c ha r a c te r h a s bee n s um m e d
up by B i s h o p C o t t o n w h o w a s o n t e r m s o f cl o s e i n t i m a c y
,
392 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

LO R D —
H AR D IN GE At . th -ea s t of Go v ern ment
t he sou

Hous e o n a tri a ngul a r pl o t c a ll ed The C o c krd Ha t

“

a n d fa c i n g t he R ed R oa d i s a fi n e bro n z e eq ues tri a n

,

s t a t ue o f L O R D H A R D IN G E Go ve r n o r G en era l o f I n di a
,
-

fro m 1 844 t o 1 848 I t w a s mo d ell ed by J H F o l ey

. . .
,

R A
. . a n d is un d o ubt edly o n e o f h is ma s t er p i ec es
,
On .

t he g r a n i t e p ed es t a l is t he foll ow i ng i n s c ri p ti o n

The s a t uet w a s er ec t ed by t he i nh a bit a nt s O f B riti sh

I ndi a o f v a ri ous r a c es a nd c reed s t o H en ry V i s c ount

H a rd i nge i n g ra teful c o mmemo ra ti o n o f a G o v ern or

,

w ho tr a i n ed in w a r s o ug ht by t he a c t s o f P ea c e t o el ev a te
, ,

a n d i mpro v e t he v a ri o us N a ti o n s c o mmitted t o his c h a rge ,

a n d w h en re c a ll ed t o a r ms by un r o v o k ed i n v a s i o n at
p
-
,

Moo dkee Fero z es huhur a n d Sobr a o n ma i n t a i n ed t h e re

, , ,

p u t a ti o n w hi c h i n y o uth ,
, he w o n by t ur n i n g t he ti d e o f
”
v i c t o ry a t Al buer a .

The p i g n w hi c h thi s i n s c rip t i o n c o mmemo ra t es

ca m a

w a s a s s h o rt a s it w a s s h a rp In 1 845 t he S ikh s c r o ss ed
.
,

t h e S utl ej W i t hi n three w eek s fro m th eir i n v a s i o n o f

.

B riti s h t erri t o ry the four p itc h ed ba ttl es o f M o o d kee ,

Feroz es h uhur Ali w a l a n d So br a o n ha d been fo ugh t

, ,

La h o r e s urre n d ered a n d t he Jullun der D oa b a n ne x ed t o

,

t he C o mpa n y s d o mi n i o n s
’
The G o v er n o r Gener a l w a s
.
-

c rea t ed V i s c oun t H a rdi n e o f L a h o re a s t he r ew a rd o f

g
hi s ac hi ev emen t : a nd o n his ret urn t o E ngl an d fi lled
s uc c es s i v ely t h e Offi ces o f Ma s t er Gene ra l o f O rd n a n c e -

a n d C o mma n d er i n Chi ef o f t he Fo rc es
- -
In th e l a tt er h e .

w a s s uc c eeded in 1 856 by t he l a t e D uk e o f C a mbridg e

a n d died t h e s a me y ea r a t t he a e o f 72 ha vi n
g g “ , .

c rea t ed a F i eld M a r s h al a t w el vemo n t h ea rli er Wb

'

-
.
 THE S TATU E S AN D M O N U ME N T S L
o r C A C U TTA . 393

he l eft I n di a he v en t ured upo n t he a n ti c i pa ti on th a t It

w o uld n o t be n ec es s a ry t o fi re a gun a ga i n ther e fo r s ev en

yea rs to c ome but h is s uc c es s o r L o rd D a lh o us i e ha d

, ,

s p en t ba rely s i x mo n th s in t he c o un t ry w h en t he murd er

o f V a n s A n ew a n d An d er s o n a t M o o l t a n s et t h e P un j a b
g
o n c e mo r e a bl a z e L o rd H a rdi nge w ho c o uld bo a s t o f
.
,

h a vi ng bee n pres en t a t s i x teen gen er a l enga gemen ts ,

l o s t h is l ef t h a n d a t t he ba t t l e o f Li gn y but th os e w ho,

s eek t o di s c o ve r t h e d efic i en c y i n t he s t a t ue w ill fi n d

th ems el v es ba ffled by t he i ngen ui t y o f t he sc ul pto r .

THE L ATE Q U E E N E MP R E S S
- — .Ac ro s s t he r oa d t o th e ,

ea s t o f th e s t at ue o f L o rd La w r en c e a n d t h e n o r t h er n en d

f
o t he R ed R o a d h, a s b ee n e r ec t ed a s a t emp o r a ry m ea s ure ,

th e s ta t ue o f t h e l a t e Q U E E N E M P R E S S V IC TO R IA w hi c h it
-
,

i s i n ten d ed o n
, t h e c o m p l eti o n o f t h e V i c t o ri a M e m o

ra il H a ll t o pl a ce a t the en tra n c e a t t he h ea d O f a hi gh
, ,

fl i g ht o f s t a ir s w ith a n a rc h o r c a n opy o v er it The s t a t ue .

is t he w o rk o f M r Geo rge Fr a mpt o n

. R A ,
a n d po s
. .
,

s es s es a s p ec i a l i n t er es t fro m t h e f a c t th a t h er l a t e M a j es ty

c o m ma n ded t h e s c ulp t o r t o s ubm it a S k et c h model per s o n

a lly t o h er s el f a t O s bo r n e a ll o w ed h i m o n e o r t w o s itti ngs

, ,

a n d s ugges t ed c ert a i n a lt er a ti o n s a n d i mpr o v emen t s in

t h e d es i gn fi n a lly ex pres s i ng h er en t ire s a ti s fa c ti o n w i t h

,

t h e c o mpl et ed mo d el The figure is cas t i n li ght bro n ze

. .

Th e Q ueen E mp res s is s ea ted o n a th ro ne o f s tri ki n g

-

des i g n , an d w ea r s t he robes O f the O rd er o f t he S ta r o f

I n di a. In her ri ght h a n d is bo r n e th e sceptr e a n d i n ,

t h e lef t t he o rb o f S t a t e s urmoun t ed by a figure o f S t

,
.

G eo rge . A c ro w n a n d a w r ea th o f l a ur el s a re o n t he
h ea d a n d s up po rt is g i ven t o th e s h o uld er s by a c us h ion
,
.
394 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

At th e ba c k of t he c h a ir t he li o n of G rea t B ri t a i n a nd

t he ti ger of I n di a a re re pr es en t ed inr eli e f S id e b y s i d e ,

”
a nd a b o ve t h e m i s t h e s u n t h a t n e v e r s e t s .A ll e g o ri

c a l fi g ure s s mbo z n g
y li i A rt a n d Li t er a t u r e a n d J u s t i c e

r
s u mo un t t he ba c k of t eh c h a i r . T h e b a s e o r p e d e s t a l i s

O f ri c h I ri s h g reen ma r bl e b ea
,
r i g
n i n fr to n t w o fi g ru e s

O f Goo r k h a s e p o y s s,upp o r t i n g a S hi e ld w i t h t h e r o y a l
a r ms e n c ir c l ed b y t h e p a l m O f p e a c e A . d e c o r a t i v e

des i gn is c a rri ed ro un d t h e pedes t a l a n d t h e S id e v i ew ,

o f t h e r o bes fl o w i ng i n g r a c ef ul f o l ds fr o m t he S h o uld er

t o t he g r o un d o ff e rs a pl ea s i n g c o n t ra s t t o t he s e v ere

a rc hit ec t ura l p ro p o r t i o n s O f t he c h a i r . Th e s t a t ue w hi ch ,

w a s t he o utc o me o f a p ubli c s ubs c rip t i o n t o c o m me mo

r a t e t h e S i x t i et h y ea r O f Her M a j es t y s reig n w a s un ’

ve il ed by Lo rd C ur z o n w i t h fi t t i n g c e remo n i a l o n t he
1 9 t h M a r c h 1 902, .

AS w e proc eed up t he R ed R oa d , L a dy s M i l e
t he
’

O f C a l c ut t a w e c o me w i t hi n v iew o f t he bro n z e eq ues

,

t ri a n s t a t ue s o f L o rd R o be r t s a n d L o rd L a n s d o w ne w hi c h ,

fa ce o n e a n o t h er a t t he c e n t r e O f th e t h o ro ug hfa r e .

L ORD R O BE R TS . —Th e
s t a t ue o f L O R D R O B E R T S w ho ,

is r epr es en t ed i n a n A fg h a n p o s h t een a n d ridi n g h is

’

fa v o uri t e c ha rg er w a s c a s t i n o ne pi ec e t he met a l bei n g

, ,

O bt a i n ed f r o m f o ur tee n u pr id d b G r m t f
g n s o v e y o v e n e n o r

t h e p urp o s e It is s upp o r t e d by a ll ego ri c a l fi g ures a t e ith e r

.

en d o f t h e m a rbl e p ed e s t a l t h e o n e f a c i n g t h e Fo r t s y m
,

bo liz i n g \V a r a n d t he o t he r c o n fr o n t i n
g t h e R ed R o a d
V i c t o ry . A r o un d t h e ba s e O f t he s t a t ue a n d fo r mi n g
t he upp er p o r t i o n O f t h e p ede s t a l is a f ri ez e i n t en ded t o

c o mme mo r a t e t h e c o m p a n i o n s i n a r ms O f t he l a t e C o m
396 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

F red eri c k R o bert s ( g

t o i v e h i m t h e na me by w hi c h h e is
bes t k n ow n thi s c o un t ry ) w a s bo r n a t
in in C a w n po r e
1 83 2 . Hs a
i f th e r S i r A b r a h,
am R o b e rt s w a s
,

c o mma di P h r h h r t ur d t I d i i
’

n n
g a t es a w a w e n e e n e o n a n

1 85 1 w i t h a c o mmi s s i o n a s Li eut en a n t in t he Be n g a l A rt il
,

l ery He w o n t he V i c t o ri a Cro s s in t he M uti n y by c o n 5pi

.

c uo us ga ll a n t ry a t K h oda g un g e Th er ea ft er h e w a s a l m os t
.

c o n ti n uo us ly en g a g ed i n a s ucc es s i o n O f w a r s : o f o ne

o f th es e V o n o lel, t he n a me o f h is f a v o urit e c h a rg e r i s a
, ,

me mo rv— r ec a lli ng a s it d o es t he L us h a i E x ped i ti o n of

1 87 1 un d er t a k en t o re s c ue M a ry W i n c h es te r a n d t o e x a ct
,

r et ri buti o n fo r a l o n g s eri es o f ra id s upo n t he t ea g a rdens -

Of Cacha r Af t er his s ucc es s f ul c o n d uc t o f t he A fg h a n

.

c a mp a i g n o f 1 87 9 h e w a s a pp o i n t ed C o mma n d er i n C hi ef
,
- -

in M a dr a s Thi s O ffi c e h e h eld fo r fi ve y ea r s a n d fr om
.
,

1 885 t o 1 893 he w a s C o mma n d er in Chi ef i n I n d i a

,
- In -
.

1 895 he bec a me C o mma n d er O f t he F o rc es in I r el a nd

, .

a n d i n 1 899 w a s d es p a t c h ed t o S o uth A fri c a t o t a k e the

s upr eme c o mma n d i n t h e fi eld a g a i n s t t he Boe rs To .

t he li s t o f en ga gemen t s c o mmemo r a t ed o n t he p e d es t a l

o f h is s t a t ue mus t be a dd ed t he ba ttl e O f P a a rdebe r t h

g e ,

rel i ef of Ki mberl ey a n d t he c a pt ure o f Preto ri a

, O n his .

ret urn he o bt a i n ed t he h ig h es t O ffi c e O pen t o a n E n g li sh

,

s o ldi e r a n d fro m 1 901 t o 1 904 w a s C o mma n d er i n C hi ef

,
- - .

He w a s ma d e a ba r o net in 1 87 9 el ev a ted t o the pe e r a ge ,

a s B a ron R o bert s O f K a n d a h a r a nd W a t erf o rd in 1 892 ,

a n d in 1 901 w a s c rea t ed E a rl R o bert s a t t he c o nc l us i o n o f

,

th e B o er W a r r ec ei v i ng a l s o t h e O rd er o f t h e G a rt er a n d
,

a s ubs t a n ti a l mo n ey g r a n t f ro m P a rli a men t .

L O RD A N S DO W N E .
L -
U po n t he o p po s it e s ide o f t h e roa d
 —
I I I E S TATU E S
‘

AN D MO N U M E N T S O F CA L C U TTA . 397

w as p l a c ed J a n ua ry 1 901 t he co mpa n i on s t a t ue Of th e
in , ,

MA R Q UE S S O F L AN S D O W N E V i cer oy a n d Gover no r Gen era l ,

-

o f I n di a from 1 888 t o 1 894 Li ke th a t o f Lo rd R obert s it .

,

w a s c a s t fr o m el ev en gun s c o n t ri buted by t he Gover n men t

o f I n di a Th e c o mmi s s io n w a s a l s o en tr us ted t o M r
. .

B a t es but hi s l a men t ed d ea t h oc c urred befo re t h e ped es

,

t a l w a s fi n i s hed a n d t he c o mplet i o n o f t he s c ul pt o r s c o n
’
,

ce p t io n w a s s upe rv i s ed by t h e l a t e M r E O n s l ow Fo rd . .
,

R A
. . w h o gen er o us ly ga ve h is s erv i c es w ith o ut a n y pro
,

fes s io n a l fee .

The i t h er s o s t ri ki n g o r s o a rt i s ti c a s tha t
s t a t ue is ne

o f Lo rd R obert s The h o rs e is a n a d mi ra bl e p i ece of w ork,

.

b ut t he h el met o n t he ride r h a s t he a ppea r a n c e o f bei ng

t oo l a rge fo r t h e h ea d a n d t h e figur e d oes n ot S it ea s i ly

i n t he s a ddl e The a ll ego ri c a l fi gur es fo r w hi c h C a l c ut t a

.

i s i n d ebt ed t o M r O n s l o w Fo rd a re s y mbo li c a l o f W i s d om
.

j o i n i ng th e h a nd s O f I ndi a a n d G rea t B rit a i n a nd o f '

J us t i ce a n d La w s uppo rted by t he St a t e .

Lo rd L a n sd o w n e h a s ha d a l o n g a n d di s ti n gui s h ed pub
lic c a r eer , a n d c o mes O f a l o n g li n e o f s o ldi er s a n d s t a tes
men . His g r a n d f a t h er h eld O fi i c e a s L o rd Pr es id en t o f t he
C o un c il d uri ng t he t hi rt i es a n d fo r t i es i n t he M i n i s tri es
M el bo ur n e a n d R us s ell : a n d h is mo t h er s
’
o f G r ey ,

fa t he r t h e C o mte de Fla ha ul t w a s a F renc h genera l

, ,

a n d di pl o ma ti s t w ho ma rri ed t h e B a r o n es s K ei t h a n d
,

N a i rne I n a ddi t i o n t o h is ma rq ues s a t e he i s t he h older

.
,

o f t h r ee ea rld o ms t hree v i s c o un ti es a n d fi v e ba r o n i es
,
.

S uc c eedi n g h is f a th er a s fi fth M a rq ues s in 1 866 a t t he a ge

o f t w en t y o n e he w a s fr o m 1 869 t o 1 872 a L o rd O f t he
-
,
.

Trea s ury a n d fro m 1 87 2 t o 1 874 U n d er Sec ret a ry fo r

, ,
-
398 CA C L U TTA AN D N EW.

I n di a. I n 1 883 h e w a s a pp o i n t ed t o s uc c eed t he M a r
,

q ue s s o f L o r n e a s G o v er n o r G en er a l o f C a n a d a a n d h el d
-

t h a t o ffi c e un til 1 888 w h en he fo ll o w ed L o rd D uffe r i n

,

t o I n di a His V i c er o y a l t y w a s m a rk ed by t he t a k i n g o f
.

t h e fi r s t s t ep i n c urre n c y r efo r m by c l o s in g t h e mi n t s t o t h e
»

fr ee c o i n a g e o f s il v er t he r ec o n s t i t ut i o n o f t h e L eg i s l a t i v e
,

C o un c il s by t he a d mi s s i o n O f el ec ted member s a n d l es s , ,

h a ppily by t h e o ut brea k in M a n ipo re w hi c h res ul te d i n t h e

,

murd er o f M r Q ui n t o n t he Chi ef C o m mi s s i o n er O f As s a m
.
, ,

a n d o t h er B ri t i s h O ffi c er s S i n c e h i s r et ur n t o E n g l a n d
.
,

L o rd L a n s d o w n e w h o is n o w ( 1 906) i n h is S i x t y fi rs t ye a r
,
-
,

h a s t a k en a n a c t i v e p a rt i n p o li t i c a l life a n d a f t er h a v i n g ,

be e n S ec ret a ry O f S t a t e fo r W a r w a s in 1 900 a pp o i n t e d , ,

S ec r et a ry O f S t a te fo r F o rei g n Alf a i r s a n O ffi c e w hi c h h e h a s ,

r ec en t ly r es ig ned upo n S i r H e n ry C a mp bell B a n n e r m a n s

,
-
’

a c c es s i o n t o p o w e r AS a di p l o ma t i s t he i s i n hi s e l e m e n t
.
, .

Yea r s a go it i s s a id t h a t a member o f o n e O f M r G l a d
,
.

s t o n e s M i n i s t ri es s umme d h i m up i n t h e fo ll o w i n g w o rd s
’

He ha s a l l t he q ua li t i es a t a c t w hi c h n eve r f a i l s a
, ,

memo ry t h a t n ev e r s lip s a t emp e r w hi c h t h e ma n is n o t

,

”
y e t b o r n w h o c a n r uffl e .

L O R D D U F FE R I N — At t h e h ea d o f t he R ed R o a d a n d
.

s t a n di ng in t h e c en t r e O f t h e f o ur ro a ds w hi c h c o n v e r e
g
t he s o ut h e n d O f S ec ret a ry s W a lk is S ir E d g a r
’
at ,

B o eh m s s t a t ue O f t he M A R Q L E S S O F D U FF E R IN A N D A V A
’ '

V i c ero y a n d G o v er n o r Gen er a l O f I n di a fr o m 1 884 t o

-

1 888 ; a n d t h e predec es s o r O f L o rd L a n s d o w n e i n t he o ffi c e .

Th e e x V i c ero y i s repr ese n t ed in f ull O fli c ia l un ifo r m w ea r

-
‘
,

i n g t h e c o ll a r s o f fi v e o rde rs O f K n i g h t h oo d ( S t P a tri c k .
,

t h e B a t h S t M i c h a el a n d S t G eo rg e th e S t a r o f I n di a
,
. .
, ,
400 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t h e s ec on d g r ea t c h an c e o f h is lif e w h e n h e s uc c ee d e d t he
M a rq ues s of R i pon in 1 884 a s V iceroy o f I n di a U pon .

his retiremen t he bec a me on ce mo re a n Amba s sa do r, fi rs t

a t R o me a n d la tterl y a t P a ri s In 1 888 he w as a dva nc ed
.
,

t o a ma rq ues s a t e by t he s t yl e a n d ti t le o f M a rq ues s o f

D uff eri n a n d Ava a n d E a rl o f Av a in c o mmemo ra ti o n o f ,

t h e a c q ui s i t i o n O f U ppe r B urma Appa ren tl y he did n ot .

rega rd a s hi s mos t S i gn a l a ch i ev emen t th e t r a n s fo r ma ti on

o f Theeba w s p a l a c e en c l o s ur e a t
’
- M a n d a l a y i n to F o rt
B ufl erin : for it a p pea rs fro m S ir Alfred Lya ll s r ec en t ly
'
’

p ubli s h ed bi og ra phy t h a t w h en he w a s o ffe red t he ma r

q u e s s a t e h i s
, fi r s t w i s h w a s t o a s s oc i a t e w i t h h i s ti t l e t h e

c ity o f Q uebec w h o se old c ity w a ll s he h a d s a ved f ro m

,

d es tr uc t i o n An d it w a s a t t he s pec i a l w i s h o f th e l a te
.

Q ueen t h a t the n a me w a s s el ec t ed o f t he a nc i en t c a p i t a l
o f t he B urme s e K i n g s He di ed in 1 902 his l a s t yea rs
.
,

bei n g c l o ud ed by fi n a n c i a l tr o ubl es br ought o n by t he

c o ll a p s e o f t he W hit a k er W ri ht C o m a n i es , a n d t h e
g p
d ea th o f h is eldes t s o n Lo rd Av a d uring the s i ege o f
, ,

L a dy s mi t h .

S IR J AM E S O U TR AM .
—Turn i ng ri ght w e ma ke to t he ,

o ur w a y d o w n t he a v en ue a s t t h C a l ut t G lf Cl ub pa vi
p e c a o

li o n to w a rd s C how ringhee H ere on a g ra s s pl o t O ppo s i te

.

t he en tr a n c e t o P a rk S tr eet s t a n d s t he s piri t ed b r o n z e

eq ues tri a n s t a t ue by J H Fo l ey R A o f S IR J A M E S
. . , . .
,

O U TR A M w hi c h w a s un v eil ed in 1 87 4 w ith g rea t c er em o n y

,

by L o rd N a pi er o f M a gd a l a t he t he n C o mm a n d e r i n ,
-

Chi ef w ho h a d i n 1 865 s uc c eed ed O utra m in t he o ffi c e

,

o f M ilit a ry M ember o f C o un c il The s t a t ue is pl a c ed o n.

a l o ft y gr a n it e p ed es t a l a n d r epr es en t s O utr a m in th e a c t
 THE S TATU ES AN D M O N U ME N TS L
o r C A C U TTA. 401

of r ei n i ng in his c h a rger a n d l oo ki n g beh i n d him as i f , to

en c o ur a ge h is men It bea r s th e f oll o w i n g i n s c ripti on
.

S ir J am es O utr a m, Li euten a n t Gen era l

-
,

B a r o n et . His l i fe w a s gi v en t o I n di a : i n early man h ood

h e r ec l a i med w ild R a c es by w i n n i n g thei r h ea rt s Gh a z n i .
,

K h el a t t he I n di a n C a uc a s us w i t nes s ed t he d a ri ng d eed s
, ,

o f h i s p ri me . P ers i a bro ught t o s ue fo r pea c e ; L uck n o w

r e l i ev ed d efen d ed a n d rec o v ered w er e fi eld s o f his l a ter
, , ,

g l o r i.e s F a i t h f ul s e rv a n t O f E n
g l an d l a
,
rg e mi n d ed-
a n d
ki n d ly r ul er o f h er s ubj ec t s ; i n a ll the True K n ight The ,

B a y a rd o f t he E a s t B o r n 29t h J a n ua ry 1 803 di ed 1 1 t h
.
, ,

M a rc h ,

T he s t o ry O f O ut ra m s s el f s a c ri fi ce d uri n g th e M uti ny
’
-

a n d h i s s urr en d er t o H a v el oc k o f t h e g l o ry O f r eli ev i n g

t h e bele a g uer ed R es id en c y a t L uc k n o w n eed s n o rec a pi

,

t ul a t i o n. It w a s a n o t h e r N a pi er S i r Ch a rl es J a mes th e
, ,

c o n q ue r o r O f S i n d w ho i n 1 842 a t a p ubli c ba n q uet t o

,

O ut ra m t o a s t ed h i m a s t h e
“
B a y a rd o f I n d i a S a n s pea r
‘

, ,

of w a s repro c h e a n d t he epi t h et w ill a l w a y s rema i n

li n k ed w i t h his n a me I t is th e s o l e i n s c ri p t i o n upo n
.

h i s g r a v e i n t he c en tr e o f t he n a v e o f W es t mi n s t er
A b b ey . His i r on n er ve a n d s a g a c ity w er e prov er bi a l o n
t h e B o mba y s id e w h er e t h e s a yi n g w en t t h a t
, a fo x w a s
”
a f o o l a n d a li o n a c o w a rd by t h e S id e o f J a mes O utr a m .

In ea rly l ife h e w o n t he c o n fi d en c e o f t h e w ild B h eel s i n

K h a n d es h by li v i ng a mo n g t h em un a r med a n d t r us t i ng
to t h ei r ro ugh s en s e o f j us t i c e a n d h o n o ur W h a t do
.

I c a re fo r t he c l a w i n g O f a c a t w a s t he r ema rk w i t h

w h i c h o n on e oc ca s i o n h e q ui et ed t h em w h en t h ey res

c ue d h i m fr o m a w o u n d ed ti g er t ha t w a s m a uli n
g h i m ,

26
402 CA CL U TTA AN D N EW .

a nd t he p eec h w a s ri fe a mo n g t he Bheels fo r ma n y y ea r s
S

a ft e rw a rd s He w a s c r ea te d a ba r o n et i n 1 858 a n d w a s
.
,

o n e O f t he fi r s t K n i gh t s o f t h e S t a r O f I n di a o n t he fo un d a

t i o n O f t he o rde r i n 1 86 1 W h en ill h ea l t h c o mp ell ed hi m

.
-

to l ea v e I n di a i n 1 865 h e w a s p ubli c ly en te rt a i n ed i n C a l
,

c ut t a. His fri en ds in B o mba y pr es en t ed h i m w i t h a S il v er

S hi eld d es i g n ed by M r H H A r m s t ea d R A a n d n o “
. . .
, . .
,

o n e x hi bi t i o n a t t h e S o ut h K en s i n g t o n M us e um He d ied .

a t F a n i n 1 863 A ma rbl e bus t by M a t t h ew N o bl e R A

.
,
. .
,

w a s e r ec t ed t o h is m emo ry by o rd e r O f t he S ec r e t a r y O f
:

S t a t e o v er t h e d o o r w a y o n t h e s o ut h S id e O f t h e n a v e i n
W es t mi n s t er Abbey : a n d a s t a t ue O f h i m by t h e s a me
'

s c ulp t o r s t a n d s o n t h e Th a me s E m ba n k m en t i n L o n d o n .

L O R D M A vo n ow
. t ur n t o t he l ef t a n d t a k e t he

ro a d w hi c h r un s a c ro s s t he M a id a n d irec t fro m P a r k
S t r eet t o G o v er n men t H o us e A t t h e j un c t i o n w h ic h i t
.

ma k es w i t h t h e l o n g a ven ue l ea di ng f ro m C o rp o r a t i o n
S t r eet t o Kidde rp o re B rid g e s t a n d s a bro n ze eq ues t ri a n
,

s t a t ue O f t h e E A R L O F M A Y O w hi c h w a s un v eil ed b v K i n
,

E d w a rd V I I o n D ec emb er 31 s t 1 875 o n t h e oc c a s i o n O f , ,

h is v i s i t t o I n di a a s P ri n c e O f \V a l es The fo ll o w i n g .

in s c rip t i o n a pp ea r s up o n i t s pe d es t a l

To h o n o ured a n d bel o v ed memo ry o f R i c h a rd

t he

S o ut h w ell 6 t h E a rl O f M a y o K P
, ,
H um a n e
. .
, ,

C o ur t eo us R es o l ut e a n d E n li g h t en ed s t r uc k d o w n i n t he
, ,

mid s t o f a P a t ri o t i c a n d B en efi c en t c a r ee r on t he 1 8t h F eb
rua r
y
,
1 8 7 2 b y t h,e t r ea c h er o us h a n d o f a n a s s a s s i n ; t he

P eo pl e o f I n di a mo ur n i n g a n d i n di g n a n t r a i s e t his
, ,

S t a t ue . B o r n 2l s t F e br ua ry 1 822 a s s umed t he V i ce
, ,

ro y a l t y 1 2t h J a n ua ry 1 869
, , .
 404 L
C A C U TTA O L D A N D N EW .

i n S yri a , t o w hi c h is a dd ed a ba s e w hi c h is pure E gyp tia n ,

a nd d o me w hi c h ha s a
t he met a lli c c upo l a is Tur kis h .

The co l umn it s elf i s O f bri c k w o rk a n d t he c i r c ul a r s t a i r

,

c a s e w ithi n ( by w hi c h a c c es s i s h a d t o th e t w o g a ll erie s

w hi c h en c irc l e t he c o l umn fr o m o ut s id e) i s c o n s t r uc t ed o f

Ch un a r s to n e It r es t s o n a ma s s iv e p ed es t a l o f bri c k w o rk
.

a nd s tone a n d bea r s a c irc ul a r di s c O f w h i te m a r bl e w i t h

,

t h e fo ll o w i n g i n s c rip t i o n

Si r D a v id O c ht erlo n y , B a r o n et , G r a n d Cro s s of th e

M ili t a ry O rd er o f t he B a t h , M a j o r G en er a l i n t he A r m y
-

Of B en g a l , d ied at M ee r ut on t h e 1 5t h J uly , 1 825 . Th e

p eo pl e of Ben g a l n a ti v es a n d E uropea n t o c o mmemo ra te
, ,

h is s er v i c es a s a s t a tes ma n a n d a s o ld i er h a v e i n g ra t e ful ,

a d mi r a t i o n r a i s ed t hi s c o l um n .

Th e fo un d a ti o n is s a id t o be a n a rt i fi c i a l o n e m a d e by ,

dri v i ng ei g h ty t w o S al l og s ea c h t w en ty feet l o n g i n t o
-
,

t h e g r o un d t h ei r h ea d s bei n i h t f t b l w t h urf
, g e g ee e o e s a ce

O v er t h e m a s t ro n g t ea k w o o d fr a me w a s l a i d
“
l ev el .
,

a n d o v er t h a t e i h t f eet O f s o lid m a s o n ry befo r e t h e l o w e s t

g
s t ep w a s be un T h ere is a s t o ry th a t j us t bef o r e t h e
g
Mo n umen t w a s c o mpl eted a di n n er p a r t y w a s h eld o n t h e
t o p o f t h e S h a ft w hi c h w a s t h en 3 f eet a bo v e t h e fl oo r o f

t he s ec o n d g a ll e ry a t a n el ev a t i o n O f 1 45 f eet a bo v e t h e
,
‘

pl a i n Th e s ea t s w ere di s po s ed a r o un d t he g a ll ery a n d
.
,

a s ec ur e t em p o r a ry r a il i n pr i d d f t h e oc c a s i o n
g o v e o r .

O ld c hr o n i c l es d es c ri be t h e p a rty a s a n un iq ue a n d
”
hil ri o us fun c t i o n
a w hi c h did n o t te r mi n a t e un til th e
un us ual h o ur o f n i n e o c l oc k a t n i ht
’
g .

It w a s O c ht erlo n w ho , in 1 804, ga l l a n tly d efen d ed

y th e
 TuE S TATU E S A N D M O N U M E N TS L
o r C A C U TTA . 405

c i t a d el of D elhi i
aga n s t HOl ka r s t w en ty th o us a n d men
’

un t il t he a d v a n c e o f L a k e s a r my r a i s ed
’
a n d 1 00 gun s ,

t h e s i eg e .N o a c t i o n O f t he w a r w i t h t he M a hr a tt a p o w er s
d es e rv es g re a t er c o mme n d a t i o n t h a n t hi s bra ve a n d s kilful
d e fen c e fo r t en d a y s o f a n a l mo s t un t en a bl e p o s iti o n .

T w el ve yea r s l a t e r he w a s en t r us t ed w i t h t he c o mma n d
o f t h e c a mp a i g n a g a i n s t t h e G o o rkh a s w hi c h ea rn ed fo r
,

L o rd M o ir a t he M a rq ues s a te o f H a s t i n g s a n d en a bl ed him
t o a dd t he hill s t a t i o n s o f N a i n i Ta l M us s o o ri e a n d S i ml a
-
,

t o t he p o s s es s i o n s O f t he E n g li s h Fo r h is se rv i c es O c ht er
.
,

lo n y w a s c r ea t ed a b a ro n et a n d w a s g r a n t ed by t he Pri n c e
,

R eg en t a n a ug e t m n a t i o n t o h i s c o a t o f—a r ms by w hi c h
-

t h e c o n q ues t o f N ep a ul w a s s p ec i a lly c o mme mo r a t ed His .

d ea t h a t t h e a g e o f s i x ty ei gh t a t M eerut w h ere he h a d
-
,

o n e fo r c h a n ge o f a i r fr o m D elhi w a s c a us ed by g ri ef
g ,

a t t h e c en s ure p a s s ed upo n h i m by L o rd A mhe r s t fo r t h e

m e a s ures t a k en by h im t o pres erv e tr a n q uilli t y a t B h ur t

o r e t he w i s d o m O f w hi c h w a s a m ply de mo n s t r a t ed by t h e
p ,

w a r w hi c h bro k e o ut a few mo n t h s l a t er a n d w a s o n ly

e n d ed by L o rd C o mbe rme re s c a p t ur e O f th e fo rtr es s

’
.

O c h t erlo n y w a s o ne of t h e few O ffic e s r

h a r n es s st ill in
i n t h e t w en t i es w ho h a d s een s er v i c e un d er S i r E yre C o o t e .

F o r fi f t y y ea r s a s o l di er he ha d s er v ed i n ev ery I n di a n
,

”
fro m t he t i me o f Hyd er d o w n w a rd s He w a s .

a t ypi c a l s p ec i men o f t h e c l a s s O f s er v a n t o f J o h n C o mp a n y

t o w h o m I n di a w a s n o l a n d o f t empo r a ry s o j o ur n but a

h o m e fo r g oo d a n d al l The s o n o f a n A meri c a n l o y a li s t
.
,

h e c a me t o t he E a s t w ith o ut fri en d s a n d li t er a lly fo ug ht

h i s w a y t o n o ti c e W h en he S h oo k h a n d s w ith H eber i n
.

t h e h ea rt O f R a jp ut a n a h e h a d n o t l eft I n di a fo r fi fty f o ur
,
-
406 L
CA C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

y ea r s a n d a s he t o l d t he B i s h o p
, ,
w ho
ld w o n d er t h a t
cou

he c l un g t o t he o n ly pl a c e in t he w o rld w h e r e he c o uld

feel hi ms elf a t h o me ?

THE P AN IO I Y ' ‘
FO U N TA IN —
. At t h e c o r n e r Of E x p l a n a de
Row ,
Ea s t , and O ld
C o urt H o us e S t reet t h ere h a s b een ,

e rec t ed ,
a s a t ri but e t o fa i t hf ul a n d a s s id uo us s e rv i ce .

e x t en di n g o v e r a p eri o d o f 42 y ea r s by t he V i c ero y a n d
,

P ri v a t e S ec ret a ri es w h o g r a t e fully r eme mbe r i t a J eyp o re ,

ma rbl e fo un t a i n in m emo ry o f M r D e metri us P a n io t y . ,

a hi gh ly r es p ec t ed membe r o f t h e d o mi c il ed G re e k
-

A rme n i a n c o mmun i t y w ho fi ll ed fo r ma n y v ea rs t h e O ffi c e
o f As s i s t a n t P ri v a t e S ec re t a ry t o t h e V i c e r o y a n d di ed i n

1 895 a t S i ml a O ve r t h e a rc h o n t he w es t s id e i s t h e
.

i n s c rip t i o n : A g o o d n a me is r a t he r t o be c h o s en t h a n
g re a t ri c h es .

I m y C U RzO N ’
S FO U N TAIN .
—A li t t l e furth e r t o t he E a s t

l E s pl a n a d e R o w t here w ill ( it i s un d er s t oo d b
a o ng , ) e

s h o r t ly pl a c ed up o n t h e
g r a s s pl o t w hi c h i m medi a t ely f a c es

t he n ew M ili t a ry S ec r et a ri a t B uildi n s t he fo un t a i n
g p r e,

s e n t ed by L a dy C ur z o n t o t he c i t i z en s o f C a l c utt a i n t o k e n

o f her g r a t i t ud e fo r t h e s y mp a t hy S O w id ely ex t en d e d t o h e r

u
d ri g t he d a n g e ro us ill n es s w hi c h s o ne a rly p ut a n en d t o
n

he r life d uri n g t h e s um mer a n d a ut umn o f 1 904 Th e w h o l e .

o f t hi s p o r t i o n o f t he M a id a n w hi c h w a s fo r me rly a s un t idy

a s i t w a s un s i h t ly h a s bee n n ew ly l a id o ut w i t h pl a n t s
g
a nd la w n s a n d i t w ill be s een t h a t t he a rr a n emen t O f
,
g
fo o t p a t h s t a k es t he fo r m O f a U n i o n J a c k .

IN THE C 1TY .
— \V e h a v e now co m plet ed o ur v ew i o f t he
408 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he E n g li s h i n W es t er n I n di a , a nd t he ma p
H i ndo s t a n Of

dr a w n by him rema i n ed s ubs t a n t i a lly un c h a ng ed un t il t h e

r ei gn o f L o rd D a lh o us i e He di ed i n 1 826 a t M a l t a w h e re
.
,

he w a s h o ldi n g t h e O ffi c e o f G ov er n o r a t t h e t i me L a dy .

H a s t i ngs Surv i v ed un til 1 840 .

J AM E S V I L S O N — In t h e g rea t ha ll O f t he D a lh o us i e I n s t i
V
.

t ut e s t a n d s a fi n e f ull l e n g t h s t a t ue i n w hi t e m a r b l e b v
,
-

S i r J o h n S t eell , O f t h e R i g h t H o n o ur a bl e J A M E S

Vi x L S O N Fi n a n c i a l M e mbe r o f t h e V i c ero y s C o un c i l f ro m
'
’
,

N o vember 1 859 t o A ug us t 1 860 The I n s t i t ut e w a s e rec

.

t ed a s a mo n umen t a l edi fi c e t o c o n t a i n w ithi n i t s w a ll s

t h e s t a t ues a n d b us t s O f g rea t men a n d fo r t h i rt y fi v e -

y ea rs a fter it s fo r ma l O p en i n g in 1 870 by L o rd L a w re n c e ,

i t s t ro ve t o f ul fi l t he o bj ec t O f i t s ex i s te n c e U n t il a few .

mo n t h s a go th ere mi g h t h a v e been s ee n r a n ged a ro un d t h e

h a ll a n umb er o f b us t s O f M ut i n y h eroes a n d in t he s o uth
w e s te r n c o r ner o pp o s i t e t h e effi y O f W il s o n w a s l d
, g p a c e ,

S i r J o h n S t eell s s t a t ue o f L o rd D a lh o us i e w hi c h s t o o d
’

o ri g i n a lly i n G o v er n men t H o us e fa c i n t h a t O f L o rd VV l
g e

l es ley . B ut bo t h M ut i n y h ero es a n d G ov er n o r Ge n e ra l -

h a ve n o w been remo ved t o t he I n di a n M us eum p en d i ng ,

t h ei r fi n a l t r a n s fe r t o t h e V i c t o ri a M e mo ri a l H a ll Fo r .

s o me O bsc ure re a s o n J a mes I V ils o n h a s no t been p e r

,

mit t ed t o fo ll o w t h em It is t o be h o p ed t h a t t h e o mi s s i o n
.

w il l be r ec t i fie d i n t he n e a r fut ur e fo r t h er e is n o d en y i ng
,

t he fo rl o r n a n d fo rgo t t en a s p ec t O f t h e pres en t s i t ua t i o n o f

t h e me mo ri a l . J a mes W il s o n w as t he thi rd s o n o f a w e a l
t h y w oo ll en ma n ufa c t urer ia Sc o tl a n d a n d w a s bo rn a t

H a w i c k in 1 805 His r a r e me n t a l g i ft s fo un d mom in t he

.

rea l ms o f p o li t i c a l ec o n omy a n d fi na n c e He bec a me a .

 T HE S TAT U E S AN D M O N U M E N TS L
o r C A C U TTA . 409

mo v i n g s pi ri t in th e a n t i c o r n La w a gi ta ti o n a n d in c o n
-

s ul t a t io n w ith C o bd en fo un d ed in 1 843 the E c on o mi s t s till

'
, ,

t he l ea di n g mo n et a ry o rga n o f L o n d o n E n t eri ng P a rli a

.

me n t a s membe r fi r s t fo r W es t bury a n d s ubs eq uen t ly fo r

,

D ev o n p o r t he bec a me s ucc es s i v ely Sec re t a ry t o t h e Bo a rd

,

o f C o n t r o l ( 1 848 F i n a n c i a l Sec ret a ry t o t he Treas ury

n d V i c e P res id en t o f t h e B o a rd o f Tra d e a n d
( 1 8 5 3 a -

P a y ma s ter Gen er a l i n 1 859 w h en h e w a s al s o s w o r n o f t he

-
,

P ri v y C o un c il He ra pidly a c q uired a reput a t i on i n P a rli a

.

m en t a s a n a ut h o ri t y o n fi n a n c i a l q ues ti o n s a n d t he hi gh es t ,

d i s t i n c ti o n s la y w i t h i n h is g ra s p but he a ba n d o n e d hi s
,

p r o s p ec t s o f o fli c e i n E n g l a n d a t t h e re q ue s t o f L o rd P a l
m er s t o n w ho s a w i n h im t he o n ly ma n w h o c o uld res t o re
,

e q uili bri um t o t h e I n di a n ex c h eq uer a f t e r t h e M uti n y The .

s t o ry is t old t h a t w hen t he l a te Q ueen w a s i n f o r med by t h e

P ri me M i n i s t er o f h is i n t en t io n t o a pp o i n t W il s o n a s t he
fi rs t F in a n c e M ember o f t he V i c ero y s C o un c il her fi r s t ’
,

”
w o rd s w er e B ut w h a t w ill bec o me o f t h e E c on omi s t ?
A n a d mi r a bl e E di to r w a s fo un d h o w ever i n W il s o n s , ,
’

s o n in l a w
- -
,
W a l t er Ba geho t a n d W il s o n s et o ut fo r C al
,

c ut t a w h ere h e a rri v ed i n N o v embe r 1 859 ,

He di ed in .

l es s t h a n a y ea r a t t h e a g e o f fi ft y fi v e s pen t w ith t o il in -
,

a n un c o g en ia l a n d ex a c t i n g c li m a t e b ut n o t befo re he h a d .

d uri n g h is n i n e mo n t h s t en ur e o f o ffic e l eft a n e n d uri n g

’

m a rk up o n I n di a n F i n an ce To h i m is due t he i mp o s i t i o n
.

o f a n I n c o me t a x -
,t he c r ea t i o n o f a Go ve rn men t p a pe r c ur

r e n ey a n d t he remo d elli n g o f t he w h o l e s y s t em o f a c c o un t s .

T he di c ti o n a ry o f N a t i o n a l Bi og r a p hy d es c ri bes W il s o n
as v ery a c ti v e i n t emp era men t f e r t il e i n id ea s , l uc i d in ,

e x p os iti on . To t he l a s t h o ur o f h is lif e h e w a s o f a s a n

g u i ne di s p o s i t i o n . Hi s m e m o ry w a s m a rv e ll o u s h i s ,
41 0 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

j udg men t rema rk a bly k een In s o c ie t y h is v iva c i t y o f

.

”
c o n v er s a t i o n w a s n o t ew o r t hy He w a s a n ex t re mely .

h a rd w o rk er a n d h is w h o l e ma n n er g a v e a n i mpres s i o n Of
ma s s i v e p o w er a n d fi rm d et er mi n a t i o n Th e re i s a b us t .

o f \V il s o n in t he n a t i o n a l g a ll ery a t E di n burgh a n d his

po r t r a it h a n g s in t h e To w n Ha ll o f H a w i c k Th ree ye a rs .

a f t e r h i s d ea t h h is n e ph ew
,
\V il s o n Hun t er , .

l a n d ed in C a lc ut t a t o c a rry o n t he i n te l lec t ua l t ra di ti o n s o f
t h e fa mily a n d t o c a r v e o ut a re p ut a t i o n fo rhi mse l f a s b ri l

li a n t a n d a s e n d uri ng .

M A HA R AJ A H OF Dt '
RB m '
N oA —P ro c ee ¢ li n ( lt m n t he '
so ut h
.
g
si de of D a lh o us ie Sq ua r e t o w a r d s H a re S t r ee t , t he vi s t or
i
w ill n ex t s ee at t he s o ut h -
w es t c o rn er t he w hi te m a rble
s t a t ue of l a t e M A HA R AJ A H o r D U R R IIU N G A w hi c h is
t he ,

o f i n t er es t a s t h e l a s t w o rk o f t h e e mi n e n t s c ul t o r M r
, p .

E O n s l o w F o rd R A
.
‘
, I t w a s un ve il ed by S i r An d re w
. .

F r a s er ,
Li eut en a n t G o v ern o r o f Benga l o n t he 25 th
-
,

M a rc h 1 904 a n d i s t h e l a t es t a ddi t io n t o t he s t a t ues o f

, ,

C a lc ut t a Th e M a h a ra j a h is r epre s en t ed s ea t ed upon hi s
.

g a dd e a o r c h a i r o f S t a t e w i t h a s c i m i t a,
r i n t h e ri g h t ha n d
a n d a s hi e ld i n t h e l e ft a n d w ea ri n g t he a n ces tr a l he a d
,

dr es s o f h is fa mily a n d t h e r o bes a n d c h a i n o f a K ni gh t
G ra n d C o m ma n de r o f t he O rd e r o f t h e I n di a n E mpi re .

M a h a r a j a h S i r La ks h mis h w a r S i n g h Ba h a d ur ,

of D urbh un g a , w ho w a s on ly i n hi s fo rt v -
thi rd yea r at t he
t i me of h is d ea th i n 1 898, w a s i n
ry s e n s e t he bes t typ e ev e

o f t h e I n di a n n o ble ma n a n d l a n dl o rd He w a s t h e lea d .

i ng z emi n d a r in Beha r w h er e h e o w n ed n o l es s t ha t
,

s q ua re mil e s w i t h a n et y e a rly r en ta l o f 30 la k hs
.

a n d w a s t he r ec o g n i z ed h ea d o f t he o rt h od o x Hindo o
41 2 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

ma n , r eg a rdi ng h o m mo re fa c t s a re k n ow n o r m o r e li es
w

t o ld o r w ho h a s been t he h a ppy rec i pi en t o f m o re r a pi d

,

pro mo t i o n . At 29 y ea r s o f a g e h e w a s J un i o r S ec re t a ry
t o t he B o a rd o f R ev en ue a t 31 S ec re t a ry t o t h e G o v e rn
, ,

me n t o f B en ga l a t 42 Chi e f C o mmi s s i o n er o f B ri t i sh
, ,

B ur ma a n d a t 46 Li eut en a n t G o v ern o r o f B en g a l
, ,
-
A nd .

y e t a s a j un i o r he h a d b e e n t h e ri g h t h a n d m a n o f Sir -

J o h n P et er G ra n t in his un p o p ul a r c rus a d e i n t h e s i x t i es
a g a i n s t t h e I n di g o pl a n te r s i n L o w e r B en gal : a n d a s a

s en i o r h e w a s t h e r ea l a ut h o r o f t h e B i ll w hi c h f el l upo n

A ng l o I n di a i n t h e ei gh t i es lik e a bo mbs h ell a n d h a s b een

-

"
fa t h ered up o n S ir C o ur te n a y Il bert The d ev il is Io o s c
. .

w a s t h e r em a rk ma d e i n C a l c ut t a w h en t h e n ew s w a s re

c eiv ed by t el eg r a m t h a t As hl ey E d en w a s t o s uc c e e d S i r

R i c h a rd Templ e a s Li eute n a n t G o ve rn o r o f Ben g a l -

B ut .

h is t en ure o f t he o ffi c e w a s a s o rd erly a n d p e a c e ful

a n d un ev en t f ul a s it m i g h t be ex pec t ed n o t t o h a v e b e e n :

a n d h e w ill be bes t remembe red a s t h e bea ut i fi e r a n d

s ec o n d c r ea t o r o f D a rj eeli n g w hi c h h a s bo r n e t es t i m o n y
,

t o his l a bo ur s a n d h e r g r a t i t ud e by t he e r ec t i o n of a

me mo ri a l fo un t a i n o n t h e C h o w ra s t a .

S m S TE U A R T — In t he O pp os i rh
te or no t -
ea s t ern
r
co ne r ha s been r
e ec t e hi t e ma rbl e s t a t ue b y \ V
d t he w .

H a mo Th o r n eyc ro ft R A o f S m S TE U A R T C o n v m B A Y L E Y
,
. .
, ,

Chi e f C o m m i s s i o n er o f As s a m fr o m 1 87 8
t o 1 881 M ember o f t he S upr eme C o un c i l fro m 1 882 t o
,

1 887 a n d Li eut en a n t G o ve rn o r o f B eng a l f ro m 1 887 t o

,
-

1 890 . I n t h e l a s t men ti o n ed ye a r h e w a s a p po i n t ed t o b e
-

S ec r et a ry i n t h e Po li t i c a l D e p a r t men t a t t he I n di a O fli o e ,

a n d i n 1 897 a mem be r o f t he C o un c i l o f t he Se c re ta ry o f
,
 THE S TATU ES AN D MO N U MEN TS O F C AL C U TTA.
’
41 3

S t a te , an ofli ce w hi c h he h a s
res i gned d uri n g t he y ea r
1 9 05 . The s t a t ue is s t ri ki n g ly n églig é i n pos e a nd ,

t h e s p ec t a c l es giv e t h e a pp ea r a n c e O f bli n d n es s : but th ere

i s n o d en yi ng t he fa i t hf ul n es s o f t he r es embl a n c e t o t h e
o rig i n a l . U po n t h e pedest al i s a l en gt hy i n s c ri p t i on , w h i c h
c o n c l ud es by r ec o rdi n g th a t t he s t a t ue h a s been er ec t ed

b y p ubli c s ubs c rip t i o n a s a tri but e o f res pec t t o a j us t a n d

w i s e a d mi n i s tra t o r w h o s e g en er o us s y mpa th i es en d ea r ed
”
h i m t o th e p eo ple o f Ben ga l S i r S t eua rt B a yl ey w h o
.
,

p a s s e d o ut fr o m H a il ey bu ry i n 1 855 i s t h e y,o un g es t s o n of

M r W illi a m B ut t erw o rth B a yl ey w ho o fli c ia t ed a s Go v

.
,

c ruo r G en er al o f Ben ga l fro m M a rc h t o J uly

-
1 828 d uri n g , ,

t h e i n t err eg n um be t w een t he d ep a r t ur e o f E a rl Amh er s t

a n d t he a rri v a l o f L o rd W illi a m B en t i nc k a n d w a s s ubs e ,

q u e n t ly a D ir ec t o r o f t he C o m a n y fr o m 1 833 t o 1 858
p ,

fi l l i n g t he o ffic e o f Ch a irma n in 1 840 The s t a t ue s t oo d

.

un t il q ui t e rec en t ly up o n t h e g ra s s pl o t in fro n t o f t h e
T rea s ury B uildi ngs a n d w a s remov ed t o D a lh o us i e S q ua re
,

i n Se pt ember 1 905 .

Sm J O HN \V O O D B U R N .
— Bet w een th es e t w o s t a t ues a n d

in t he c e n t e
r o f t he n o r t h e r n s id e O f t he Sq ua re it i s
i n t e n d ed t o pl a c e M r Geo r e F ra m t o n s eq ues tri a n s t a t ue
’

g .
p
o f t he l a t e S t a J O HN W O O D B D R N Li eut en a n t
'

G o v ern o r o f B en g a l fro m 1 898 t o 1 902 w hi c h i s un d er ,

s t oo d t o be a pro a c hi n
p g c o m pl eti o n .

M ea n w hil e , h a ve o n ly o n e mo r e p ubli c memo ri al

we

i n D a lh o us i e Sq ua r e t o ex a mi n e : a n d i n ma n y res pec t s
i t w i ll be a dj udged t o be a mo ng th e mo s t i n t eres ti ng o f
t h os e t ha t C a lcutta h a s t o o ffe r t o the gaz e o f t he v i s it or .
41 4 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N Ew .

THE H O L W E LL O B E L I S K .
— At t he n o rt h -
w es t e n r r
c o n er

of t he S q ua re , w h ere a bew ild eri n g rk o f n et w o o v e rh ea d

w i r es ma rk s t he j un c t i o n O f t h e t r a mw a y li n e s O p po s i t e

t h e B en g a l L eg i s l a t i v e C o un c il Ch a m ber t h er e n o w s t a n d s
-
,

o n c e a g a i n t he O bel i s k i n s c ri bed w i t h t h e n a me s o f t h o se

w h o p eri s h ed in t h e B l a c k H o l e o n t h e 20t h J un e 1 7 56 ,
.

Th e mo n ume n t w a s o ri g i n a lly erec t ed a t t he e x p e n s e o f

J o h n Z eph a n i a h H o l w ell o n e o f t h e few s urv i v o r s O f t he
,

t r a gedy ,
w h o l ef t I n di a f o r go o d i n 1 7 60 I t m a rk ed .

t he s i t e o f t h e di t c h o f t h e un fi n i s h ed r a v el i n o ut s id e

t h e ea s t er n c ur t a i n o f t h e F o r t a n ea r t h w o rk h u r r i e dl y
,

t hr o w n up t o d e fen d t he m a i n g a t e H e r e t he c o rp s e s w e re
.

fl ung w i t h o ut c eremo n y o n t h e fo ll o w i n g mo rn i n g and

i t w a s n o t un t il 1 7 66 t h a t t hi s D i tc h ro un d t h e O ld
”
Fo rt , a s i t is t e r med i n t h e Pr oc eedi n g s O f t h e C o un c il ,

w a s o rd e r ed t o be fi ll ed up .

Th er e i s l a c k o f pi c t o ri a l repr es en t a t i o n o f t h e f o r m er
no

mo n ume n t . U pj o h n s m a p O f 1 7 93 s h o w s t he o be l i s k a s
’

fa c i n g t he ea s t er n c ur t a i n o f t h e r ui n ed Fo r t w h i c h w a s ,

s t ill c umbe ri n g t h e w es t e r n s id e o f Ta n k S q ua re i n its

da y . D a n i ell w ho s a w i t i n 1 786 h a s i n tr o d uc ed i t i n t o
, ,

t w o O f h is V i ew s o f O ri e n t a l S c en e ry bo t h O f w hi c h m a y b e
,

fo un d r epro d uc ed i n D r B us t eed s E c h o es fro m O ld C a l

’
.

c ut t a : a n d i n F r a s e r s V i ew s
’
o f C a l c ut t a p ubli s h e d i n ,

1 824 t h er e i s a n o t h e r ill us t r a t i o n o f it
, Th e O beli s k i n t h e
.

l a s t n a med en g r a v i n g l o o k s a t l ea s t 50 f eet h i gh a n d i s
n o t s urr o un d ed w ith a n y r a ili n g s It s eems i n c o n s e
.

q uen c o t o be t he l o un g i n g pl a c e fo r l o w er c l a s s l o a fe r s o f
a l l s o r t s w h o g os s i p s q ua t t i n r o u d d i t i t A
g a n a n a g a n s .

ba r be r is s een plyi n g h is c r a ft i n t he f a v o uri t e p o s t ure

41 6 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

The ta bl et on the o ri g i n a l Obeli s k bo re the fo ll o w ing

i n sc ri p ti on w ritten by H o lw ell h ims el f
To th e M emo ry s of

Edw a rd E yre a nd Wi l li a m B a il l ie, E s qs th e R evd J erva s B e l l a my

. .

M ess rs . J enks , R evel y , L a w , C oa t es , V a li court , J eb, T o i i a n o

E . P a ge, S . P a ge, G rub, S t reet , Ha ro d, P . J ohns ton e , B a l l a rd .
N . D ra ke, C a rs e, K n a p to n , G os l in g, D od , an d D a l ry m p lz ;
C a pt a i n s C l a yton , B uc ha n a n , a nd Wi th erin gton ; L i e ut en a n t:

B ishop , Ha ys , B l a gg, Si ms on , a n d J B el la my ; En s i gn s P a c c m d . .

S c ot , H a s ti n gs , C Wed de rbum , a n d D umbl eton ; S ea c a p t a i ns

.
-

Hun t , Osburn e, a n d P urn el l M ess rs C a rey, L eech , S t ea v e n s o n . .

G uy , P o rt er, P a rk er, C a ul ker, B en da l a nd Atki n s o n ;

Who , w i th s un d ry o th er i n h a b i t a n ts , M i li ta ry an d

M i l i t ia , to th e nu mber of 1 23 perso n s , w ere by

t h e ty ra n n i c v i o l en ce of S ura j -ud-D o w l a h ,
S uba of B en ga l ,
S ufi oea ted i n the B l a c k Hol e P ri so n of F ort Wi ll i a m ,

on th e n ight of the 20th d a y o f J un e , 1 756,

and p rmi s cuo us ly thro w n th e
o suc

c eed i n g mo rn i ng i n to th e D i tch of

th e ra v el i n of thi s p l a ce.
This mon umen t i s erec t ed by thei r s urviving f el lo w
s ufferer,

J . 2 . Ho l w el l .

Thi s ho rri d a c t o f v i o l en c e w a s as a mp l y as deserve d l y

reven
g d
e on S ura j -ud- D ow l a h, His M a j esty
by
’
s

ar ms , un der t he co n d uct o f V i ce-Admi ra l

Wa ts o n a nd C o l on el C l ive, An n e 1 757 .

In t h eli s t w hi c h H o l w e ll g i v es i n h is p ubli s h ed a c c o un t
o f t he T r a g edy
*
fo ur a ddi t i o n a l n a mes a re g i ven t h ree
Sergea n t s o f M ili t i a Ab r a h a m C a r t w ri ght a n d B l ea u .
, ,

S ee Hol w ell Tra c ts

'
s .
 T HE S TAT UE S AN D MO N U M E N TS O F CA L C U TTA . 41 7

a nd a tl ema n i n t he Ci v il S er v i c e o f t he n a me o f
g en

B i ng , id en tifi ed by D r B us t ee d a s a n eph ew o f t h e
.

ill f a t ed Ad mi ra l a n o rd er fo r w h o s e a rres t w en t fro m

-
,
-

E n g l a n d t o G i br a l t a r i n t hi s v ery mo n t h o f J une 1 756 ,

.

T h er e is n o ex pl a n a t i o n a s t o w hy t h es e n a mes w e re
o m i t t ed fr o m t he epi t a ph o n t h e m o n umen t D r B us t eed . .

s ug g es t s a n o ve r s i g h t o n t h e p a r t o f t he s c ulp t o r .

L o rd C urz o n h a s h o w ev er i n t r o d uc ed ma t eri a l a l t era

, ,

ti o n s i n thi s a n d i n o t h er r es p ec t s i n t h e i n s c ri p t i o n
a fii x ed un d er h is o rd er s . The bi t t er r ef er en c e t o t he

p e r s o na l r es p o n s i bili t y o f S u r a j u d D o
-
w l
-
a h f o r t he t ra

g e d y w a s n o t ,
i n h i s o pi n i o n w h o
,
l ly j u s t i fi e d b y o u r

f ull er k n o w l edge o f t he fa c t s a n d h a s been a c c o rdi n gly

,

s t r uc k o ut . F ur t h er mo r e w h er ea s t he o ri g i n a l i n s c rip
,

t i o n o n ly g a v e t h e few n a mes t h a t H o l w ell c ould re

m ember a n d ga ve s o me o f t h em i n a c c ur a tely a c o mpl et er ,

a n d mo r e c o rr ec t li s t h a s been c o mpil ed by c a r ef ul ex a mi n a

t i o n o f c on t emp o r a ry r ec o rd s li s t s a n d regi s te rs c o n
'

, ,

d uc t ed by Lo rd C ur z o n hi ms el f i n c o n j un c t i o n w i t h M r .

S C Hill o f t he I n di a n R ec o rd D ep a r t men t n o w D i
. .
,

rec t o r o f P ubli c I n s t r uc t i o n a t N a gp o re The res ul t is t h a t .

t h e ne w mo n umen t r ec o rd s n o t o n ly Ho lw ell s 50 n a mes

’
,

but 20 a ddi t i o n a l o n es o f t h o s e w ho di ed i n t h e pri s o n .

T h ere a re i n a ll s i x t a bl et s t w o o f t h e s id es o f t he p ed es t a l
,

bei n g l eft bl a n k . N o t o n ly a re a ll t h o s e e n umer a t ed ,

w ho p e ri s h ed i n t h e B l a c k H o l e i t s el f but a li s t is a dde d
,

o f t h o s e w h o a re k n o w n t o h a v e been kill ed o r t o h a v e

di ed o f t h ei r w o un d s d uri n g t he s i ege a n d w h o ei t her ,

did n o t s urv i ve t o en t er t h e p ri s o n o r a f t erw a rd s s uc c umbed

t o its eff ec t s . Ag n o n g t h es e l a s t a re J o h n F r a n c i s Pi c k a rd

27
41 8 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

( P a c c a rd) a nd Th o ma s P ur n ell w h o s e n a mes a p p ea r i n

Ho lw ell
’
s li s t a mo ng th o s e w ho di ed i n t he B l a c k H o l e .

Th e fo ll o w i n g a re t he v a ri o us i n s c rip t i o n s upo n t h e t a b
l et s beg i n n i n g w i t h t he s id e w hi c h fa c es t he b uild i n g s in
,

Ch a r n o c k Pl a c e a n d w a lki ng ro un d t he o beli s k fro m l ef t t o

,

ri gh t The l a s t i n s c ri p t i o n is o n t he s o ut h w es t
.
-

I .

Th is mon umen t
Ha s been erec t ed by
L o rd C urzo n , V i c ero y a nd G o vern or-G en era l of I n dia ,

I n the yea r 1 902

U po n the s i te
And i n repro duc t i on of t he d es i gn

Of t he o ri gin a l mon umen t

To the memo ry of t he 1 23 p e rs o n s

\V h o p e ri s hed i n the B l a c k Ho l e P ri so n
O f O ld F ort W i l l ia m
0 11 th e n i ght o f the 20th J un e , 1 756 .

The f o rmer memo ri a l w a s ra is ed by

Th ei r s urvivi n g f e l l ow - s uff erer

J . Z . Ho l w ell , G overnor o f F o rt Wi l l i a m ,

On t he s po t w h ere the bo d ies of the d ea d

Ha d been th row n i n t o the d i t c h of the ra ve l i n .

It w a s remo ved i n 1 821 .

II .

To the M emo ry of

Wi l l i a m B a i l l i e
E d w a rd E v re, ,

R evd J erva s B el l a my J o hn J en ks
.
, ,

R o ger R evel ey J ohn C a rse J o h n L a w

, , ,

Th o ma s C o l es J a mes V a l ico urt

, ,

J ohn J ebb R i c ha rd To ria n o

, .

E dw a rd P a ge, St eph en P a ge,

Wi l lia m Grub, J ohn S t reet,
A y l mer Ha rrod, P a tri ck J ohns tone ,
420 C A CLU TTA O L D AN D N E W .

R obert Wi lki n so n Hen ry ,

Stop f ord ,
Wi ll i a m S to p f o rd , Thoma s P urnel l ,
R obert Ta l bot , “ i ll i a m Ti deco mb ,
’

D a n i el M a c ph ers on , Jo hn J ohm on ,
a nd

M ess rs . Wh itby , S urma n , B ruc e,

M a n i ko , w ho i h ed
on t ro n g, a nd J p er s

D uri n g th e S iege of C a lc ut t a .

VI .

To th e M emo ry of

R ic h a rd B i sho p , Fra nc i s Ha yes ,

C ol i n S i mson, J ohn B el l a my,
Wi l li a m S c ot t Hen ry Has t in gs
, ,

C ha rles Wed de rb urn W i l l ia m D umblet on

, ,

B e rn a rd A bra h a m Wi l l ia m C a rt w right
, ,

J a c ob B l ea u Hen ry Hun t
, ,

M ic h a e l O sbo rn e , P et er C a rey ,
l h o ma s L ea ch , Fra n c i s S teve n so n ,
' '

J a mes G uy , J a mes P o rt er,

Wi l l i a m Wes ton a n d
P a rker, E l ean o r ,

M es s rs . C o c ker B en d a l l A tk i n so n J enn i n gs
, , , ,

R ei d B a rn e t F rere Wi l so n
, , , ,

B urto n , L yo n , H i l l i er, Ti l ley , a n d A l so p ,

Who peri s h ed i n t he B l a c k Ho l e P ri so n .

Th e s ite of t he H o l e i t s el f li es i mmedi a t ely be h i n d

Bl a c k
t h e M o n ume n t t o t h e w e s t but w e ma y c o n v en i en t ly p o s t
p o n e o ur pil g ri ma ge t o t h e hi s t o ri c s po t un t il a f ut ure o c
c a s i o n w h en w e s h a ll e n d ea v o ur
, by mea n s o f t h e t a b l e t s ,

e r ec t ed un d er t he di r ec t i o n s o f L o r d C ur z o n t o pi c t ur e t o ,

o ur s el v es t h e v a ri o us l o c a li t i es w i t hi n t h e O ld Fo rt a s it
s t o o d i n t he y ea r o f t h e t r ag edy In t h e sa me c h a p t e r w i l l
.

be fo un d c o ll ec t ed a few s t r a y n o te s w hi c h w ill n o t be w i t h
o ut i n t e r es t r eg a rdi n g t he mo r e pr o mi n en t o f t h o s e w h o

s t a n d h e re c o mmemo r a t ed up o n t h e s i te o f t he ir r ud e g r a v e .

IN T HE N O R THE RN Q ua ntu —
m Proc eedi ng n o rt h w a rd in to
 THE S TATU E S AN D M O N U M E N TS o r CAL C U TTA . 421

t he q ua r ter o f t h e t o w n in w hi c h t h e I n di a n l men t is
e e

p r ed o mi n a n t w e s h a ll fi n d s eve ra l memo ri a l s
,
t o emi n en t

p ubli c men w hi c h s t ill a w a i t i n s p ec t i o n .

O ur mo s t i
c o n v en en t i i t i n g t h em w ill be to
meth o d of v s

t a k e a S h a mba z a r t r a m fro m D a lh o us i e S q ua r e a n d t o

re q ues t t he c o n d uc t o r t o dro p us a t C o ll eg e S q ua re .

H ere a re g ro up ed t og et he r t he S en a t e H o us e t he Pres i ,

d en ey C o ll eg e t he H a re Sc h oo l a n d t he Hi n d o o Sc h oo l
,

a nd S a n s kri t C o ll ege in ea c h t h ere a re i n t e res ti n g

.

m o n umen t s t o be ex a m i n ed .

PR O S UN N o C O O MA R TAGO R E .
—l n t he po r t i c o o f the
S en a t e H o us e h a s been pl a c ed a fine ma rb l e s ea te d s t a t ue
o f t he Ho n ble B a boo P R O S U N N o C O O M A R TAG O R E
’
,

fo un d er o f t he Ta g o re Pro fes s o r s hip o f La w in t he U n i

v e r s i t y o f C a l c ut t a. The i n s c rip t i o n upo n t he red g r a n i t e
p ede s t a l rec o rd s t h a t h e w a s bo r n o n t he 2l s t D ecembe r ,

1 801 a n d di ed o n t he 30t h A ug us t 1 868

, ,
In h i s t hr ee
.

fo ld c a pa c i t v o f l a w y e r p ubli c ma n a n d a ut h o r B a bo o
, , ,

P ro s un n o C o o ma r Ta go re w a s t h e mo s t c o n s pi c uo us ma n
o f h is d a y . He w a s t he fi r s t n a t iv e o f I n di a to be a p
p o i n t ed t o t he V i c e reg a l L eg i s l a t i ve C o un c i l a n d h e w a s,

t w i c e n o mi n a t ed t o a s ea t i n t he Be ng a l C o un c il His .

pro fes s i o n a l i n c o me a t t he B a r is s a id t o h a v e a v e ra ged

t w o l a khs o f rup ees a ye a r but h e w a s a ma n o f pri v a t e
,

mea n s a n d r et i r ed fr o m pra c t i c e w hil e s t ill i n t he pri me o f

life i n o rd er t o d evo t e hi ms elf t o p ubli c ma t t er s
, At his .

d ea t h it w a s fo un d t h a t h e ha d l e ft n o l es s t h a n s ix a n d a
h a l f l a kh s o f rup ees by w a y o f l eg a c i es a n d beq ues t s fo r
r elig i o us c h a ri t a bl e a n d ed uc a t i o n a l p urp o s es The l a rges t
, .

o f th es e w a s t he s um o f t hr ee l a kh s w hi c h fo r ms t he
422 L
C A C U TTA o w AN D N EW .

en d o w men t of the Ta go re
Pro fes s o r s hi p o f La w His s o n .
,

G a n e n d ra M o h un Tag o re e n j o y s t he di s t i n c t i o n o f be i ng
,

t h e fi r s t I n di a n c a ll ed t o t he E n g li s h B a r He w a s a d mi t .

t ed a s a n a d v oc a t e o f t he S upr eme C o urt i n M a rc h ,

1 860 .H a v i n g bec o me a c o n v ert t o C h ri s t i a n i t y he w a s ,

ex c l ud ed f r o m i n he ri t a n c e b h i f t h r w h l f t h i va st
y s a e o e s

l a n d ed es t a t es t o h is n eph ew t h e prese n t M a h a r a j a h B a h a ,

d ur S i r J o te n d ro M o h un Ta g o re Lo n g a n d ex ,

p en s i v e li t i g a t i o n en s ued a n d un d er t he mo di fic a t i o n s i n t r o
,

d uc ed i n t o t he w ill by t h e P ri v y C o un c il t he es t a t es w ill ,

rev er t t o t he h ei rs o f t he di s i n h erite d s o n o n t he d ea t h o f
t he M a h a r a j a h B a h a d ur .

D A v m HA R R .
-
dj o i n i n g e n c l o s ure o f t he H a re
In t he a

Sc h o o l , t h er e s t a n d s fa c i n g C o ll e e S t r eet
g a s t a t ue o f ,

D AV H AR E
ID w a t c h ma k e r phil a n thr o pi s t a n d f a t h e r o f
, ,

n a t i v e ed uc a t i o n .

The i n s c rip t i o n up o n th e s ta t ue , w hi c h w as fo rm e rl v
su r mo un t ed by a d o me r un s
,
as fo ll o w s
In h o n o r o f D a v id Ha r e w ho by s t ea dy i n d us try ,

ha v i n g a c q ui red a n a mpl e c o mp e t e n c e c h ee rf ully rel i n ,

q u i s h ed t h e pr o s p e c t o f r e t u r n i n
g t o en j o y i t i n h i s n a t i v e

l a n d i n o rd e r t o pro mo t e t he w el f a re o f t h a t o f h is a d o p
t io n . To t he c lo s e o f h is i rr epro a c h a bl e a n d us e ful li fe
he ma d e t h e i mp ro v e me n t i n t ell ec t ua l a n d mo ra l a s w ell
, ,

a s t he c o n d i t i o n i n s i c k n es s n o l es s t h a n i n h ea l t h o f
, ,

t he n a t i v e y o ut h o f B e n g a l t he o bj ec t o f h i s c o n s t a n t
,

c a r e a n d un w e a ryi n l i i t u d n d t h ey i t k f
g s o c e a n o e n , o ,

g r a t i t ude a n d v e n e r a t i o n fo r t he me mo ry o f t h ei r c o n s t a n t ,

n e r o us a n d mo s t d is i n t er e s t ed ben e fa c t o r h a v e er ec ted
g e
,

”
t hi s s t a t ue .
424 C A CU TTA O L D A N D N E W
L .

i mpro v i n g t he v ern a c ul a r s c h oo l s by t he d ep ut a ti o n o f ,

i n s pec t i n g p un di t s a n d t h e g ra n t o f pri n t ed bo o k s In .

u b li c m a t t er s h e w a s eq ua lly en er g et i c a n d e n li g h t en ed
p .

He s t r en uo us ly a d v o c a ted t he i n tr o d uc t i o n o f t ri a l by j ury
fo r c i v il c a s es a n d w a s a n a rd en t c h a m pi o n o f t h e em a n ei
,

p a t io n o f t h e Pr e s s a n d a v i g o r o us O p p o n en t O f t he c o ol y

t ra fii c. O f h im it mi g h t t r uly be s a id t h a t he w a s t he
fri en d o f t h e p o o r a n d few E n gli s h men o f n o n o ffi c ia l ra nk
,
-

h a v e a t t a i n ed s o i mp o rt a n t a n d i n fluen t i a l a po s i t i o n in
p ur ely I n di a n Soc i et y .

Th e H i n d o o Sc h o o l a n d S a n s kri t C o ll ege fo un d ed in ,

1 81 7 o n l a n d ma d e o v er t o G o v er n m en t by D a v id H a re a s
a fr ee g if t s t a n d s o pp o s i t e up o n t h e n o rth e r n s id e o f C ol
,

l eg e Sq ua r e It w a s t he fi r s t i n s ti t ut i o n o f it s ki n d in
.

C a l c ut t a w h ere t he o n ly E n gli s h S c h o o l s hith er t o h a d been

,

c h a ri t a bl e i n s t i t ut i o n s o r pri v a t e a c a d emi es .

PU N D IT I S HW A RC HA N D R A V l D Y A S AG AR a c a n opy
.
— U n d er
in fro n t o f t h e buildi n g w h ic h is en t ered fr o m a t urn
,

i ng o ff C o ll eg e S t r eet t h er e h a s been pl a c ed a
, f ull
s i z ed s ea t ed s t a t ue o f P un di t I s h w a r Ch a n d r a V i dy a
s aga r ,
C I E w ho a s t h e i n s c rip t i o n up o n t he p ed es t al
.
, ,

rel a t es ,
fro m a p upil bec a me t he Pri n c ip a l o f th e S a n s
”
kri t C o ll ege . Th e s t a t ue w a s er ec t ed w i t h s ubs c rip ,

ti o n s r a i s ed by t he p ubli c a s a t o k en o f t h eir pro fo un d res

,

p e e t fo r h i s g r ea t v i r t ue s a n d a tri bu t e t o h i s e m i n e n t

s er v i c es t o t he c o un t ry a s s c h o l a r a uth o r ed uc a ti o n i s t
, , ,

r efo r mer a n d phil a n t hr o pi s t

, .

The P un di t ,
w h o w a s bo r n on t h e 26t h Sep t ember , 1 820 ,

a nd d i ed on the 28t h J ul y ,
1 89 1 , ma y be d es c ri bed i h o ut
w t
 THE S TATUE S AN D M O N U M EN TS L
o r C A C U TTA. 425

ex a gge a r ti o n a s o n e o f t he mo s t rema rk a bl e B eng a lees o f

h is g en era ti on At t h e a ge O f 21 h e w a s in 1 841 a pp o i n t ed
.

He a d P un dit o f t he C o ll eg e o f Fo r t W illi a m a n d in 1 849

'

bec a me H ea d As s i s t a n t In t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r h e w as
.

m a d e a Pro fes s o r a t t he Sa n s krit C o ll ege a n d bec a me

P ri n c ip a l i n J a n ua ry 1 85 1 He w a s i n a ddi t i o n t o h is
, .
.

d uti es a s Pri n c i p a l a pp o i n t ed i n 1 855 a s pec i a l I n s p ec t o r

,

O f S c h oo l s a nd h elp ed i n t h e es t a bli s h men t O f a n umbe r o f

,
'
v e r n a c ul a r s c h o o l s a n d a l s o o f g i rl s s c h oo l s B ut h e .

c a me i n t o c o n fl i c t w i t h t h e D i r ec t o r o f P ub li c I n s t r uc ti o n

i n c o n nex i o n w ith his eff o rt s in t he l a tt er di r ec ti o n a n d

t h rew up his a p po i n t men t un d er Go v er n men t in 1 858 .

H e c o n t i n ued , h o w ev er fo r s o me y ea r s a f t er t o be un
,

o ffi c i a lly c o n s ul t ed b Go v er n men t o n ed uc a t i o n a l ma tt er s

y
a n d ha d a l rea dy i n t he Ac t o f I n c o rp o r a ti o n o f t he C a l c ut t a

U n i v ers ity in 1 857 been n a med a s o n e o f i t s fi r s t Fell o w s

,
.

In 1 87 7 he r ec ei ved a c er t i fi c a t e o f H o n o ur a t t he P ro
,

c l a ma ti o n D ur ba r a t D elhi a n d i n J a n ua ry 1 880 w a s
,

ma d e a C I E o n t he r ec o mmen d a t i o n o f L o rd Ly t t o n
. . . .

W hil e dri v i ng th e l a t e M is s M a ry C a r pen t er fr o m t he

'
Ba lly S t a ti o n ( n ea r C a l c ut ta ) to t h e U t t erp a ra Gi rl s
Sc h o o l he h a d i n 1 866 a s e ri o us f a ll fr o m h is c a rri a ge
, , ,

fr o m t he effec t s o f w hi c h he s uffer ed up t o t he da y o f
his d ea th a q uarter o f a c en t ury l a t er
,
He w a s a H i n d oo
.

of t he o rth od o x type b ut he w a s d eeply c o n s c i o us a t

,

the s a me ti me o f t h e n eed fo r i mpr o v e men t i n t h e c o n

di t i on o f t he w o men o f I n di a O n t h ei r beh a lf he s t a rt ed
.

bo t h t he w id ow ma rri ag e mo ve men t a n d t h e a g i t a ti o n
aga i n s t po ly ga my Th e fi rs t r ec ei v ed l egi s l a ti ve s a n c t i o n
.

in 1 856 by t he Ac t w hi c h a ut ho ri s es t he re ma rri a ge o f -

Hi nd o o w id o w s but t he s ec o n d en ded in fa il ure He w a s .

426 CAL C U TTA O LD A N D N E W .

n ev e r w ea ry d vo c a t i n g t he c a us e o f fema l e ed uc a tion
of a ,

s up po rt i n
g h i s a r g u m e n t s b y q uo t a t i o n s fr o m t h e Sh a s

t ra s a n d t h e fo un d a t i o n b h i m i n 1 86 4 O f t h e M e t r o po li ta n
y
I n s t it ut i o n f ur n i s h ed t he t yp e a n d p a t t e r n fo r ma n y s i mi la r
s c h o ol s fo r bo y s Hi s S a n s kri t a n d Be n g a l ee w o rks
.

p o s s es s a hi gh ed uc a t i o n a l v a l ue a n d ma n y O f t h e m s till ,

h o ld t h ei r p o s i t i o n a s s t a n d a rd a ut h o ri t i es up o n t h e s ub
j e c t s o f w hi c h t h e v t re a t H i s d ea t h w
. a s l a rg ely m o u r ned

t h ro ug h o ut B en g a l a n d t h e s t a t ue w hi c h i s n o w e n a g i ng
, g
o ur a t t e n t i o n a n d w h ic h r ep res e n t s h i m s e a t ed i n O ri en ta l
,

fa s hi o n a n d i n a medi t a t i v e a t t i t ud e is o n ly o n e o f s e v era l ,

memo ri a l s w hi c h m a y be fo un d i n t h e i mp o r t a n t e d uca
t io n a l c en t r es o f t h e pr o v i n c e .

RM K a l s TO D AS PAL , B A HA D U R
li t t l e hi g h e r up .
~ -
A
t he r o a d ,
a n d a t t h e j un c t i o n ma d e w i t h C o ll eg e S t r eet
by Ha rri s o n R o a d t h e g re a t a rt e ry w h ic h r un s f r o m
,

H o w r a h B rid g e t o S ea l da h R a ilw a v S t a t i o n t he re s t a n ds ,

G e fi o w s ki s f ull s i z ed s t a t ue i n w hi t e ma rbl e o f R A ! K R I S TO
’
-

D A S P A L B a h a d ur C I E
, It w a s un v eil ed i n M a rc h
,
. . .
,

1 894 by L o rd E l g i n
, t he t h en V i c e ro y
, a n d be a r s t he ,

fo ll o w i n g i n s c rip t i o n up o n it s p ed es t a l

To t h e memo ry t he Ho n ble R a i Kri s t o D a s P a l

’
of

B a h a d ur , C LE . B o r n Ap ril 1 839
. D ied 24t h J uly 1 884
, .
,
.

As S ec re t a ry t o t he B ri t is h I n di a n As s o c i a t i o n a s a IVI e m ,

be r o f t h e M un i c ip a l C o rp o r a t io n a s a j o ur n a li s t a n d a s a ,

l eg i s l a t o r he bro ug h t t o t h e s erv i c e o f h is c o un t ry a c ul
,

t i v a t ed un d er s t a n d i n g g re a t t a l en t s un t i ri n g i n d us t r y a n d
, .

a l o ft y p a t rio t i s m Th i s s t a t ue h a s been e rec t ed a s a t ri

.

but e t o hi s me mo ry by h is g ra t e ful c o un t rv men a n d m a n v

o t h e r a d miri n fri e n ds
g .
428 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

p ubli c i s t h e w a s w i t ho ut ri va l a mo ng hi s c on t emp
a i o rar e s

in B en ga l .A s ec o n d me mo ri a l i n t he fo rm o f a po rtra i t
w i ll be fo un d in t h e Tow n Ha ll a n d a n o t h er pi c t ure ha ngs

in t h e C en tr a l M un i c i pa l O ffi ce .

R AJAH Ka nt KR I S HN A D E B .
-
W e mus t n o w c o n t i n ue our

w a lk up Co ll ege S treet un til w e rea c h Bea do n S tre e t Hen .

w e t ur n t o t he le ft a n d proc eed i n a w es t erly di r ec t i on as

,

fa r as t he pl ea s a n t o pe n s p a c e w hi c h goes by t h e h el m
,

o f Bea do n Sq ua re a n d s t a n d s a t th e j unc t i o n o f B ea don

,

St reet a n d U pper C hi t po re R oa d .
i
I n t he ce n t re o f ths
s q ua re is a h a n ds o me s ea t ed s t a t ue i n ma rbl e

KAL ! K ms m mD E B Ba h a d ur o f t he S obh a ba za r
, ,

B o r n in 1 808, t he R a j a h w a s the s ec o n d so n o f
R a j K ri s h n a D eb of Sobh a ba z a r. g r a nd so n o f
a nd

r a j a h N ubkis s en t he fa mous D ew a n o f Lo rd C l i
,

s ucc es s ful ri v a l o f N unc o ma r A ft er t h e d ea th l

.

o f h is r el a t i ve , R a j a S i r R a dh a K a n t a D eb
he a s s ume d t he pos iti o n o f l ea d er o f
do x Hi n d oo c o mmun i t y in Ben g a l He w a s .

c o n s id era bl e lit er a ry t a l en t a n d hi s tr a n s l a t i o n
,

S a n s krit w o n for h i m go ld med a l s fro m G e rma n ,

Fren c h a n d Bel gi a n Go v er n me n t s He t oo k a .

p a rt i n a l l p u b li c m o vem en t s a n d w a s a j u s t i c e

P ea c e a n d a Fell o w o f t he U n i vers i t y His d ea t h .

red in 1 874 a t B en a res a t t he a g e o f s i x t y si x o

s t a t ue w hi c h p erp et ua t es h is memo ry is

p o s e a n d a t t r a c ti ve i n ex ec uti o n T h e re. i s a l s o a

in t he To w n Ha ll t o t es tify t o t he reg a rd a n d h ig h
in w hi c h h e w a s h eld by h is co n t e mpo r a ri es .
 C HAPTE R IV .

T HE O L D FO R T AN D THE B L AC K HO LE .

T HE id ea o f es t a bli s hi ng a fo rt i fied fo rt s o mew h ere n ea r

t h e m o ut h o f t he H oo g hly a s t he bes t mea n s o f p ro t ec ti n g
,

t h e E n g li s h t r a d e fr o m t he o ppr es s i v e ex a c t i o n s o f t he

N a bo b o f B ng a l a n d h is o fli c ia ls s eems t o h a v e been fi r s t
e
,

s ugg e s t ed by W i lli a m H ed ges w ho a d mi n i s t ered t he C o m

,

f i B
'

p a n y s a f a i r s n e n g a l duri n g t h e y ea r s 1 6 82 t o 1 6 84 .

B ut t he fi r s t s t ep ha d s till t o be t a k en w h en S ir J o h n
G o l d s bo r o ugh c a me t o v i s i t S ut t a n ut tee a ft er Ch a r noc k s ’

d ea t h in 1 693 a nd a s po t w a s o rdered by him t o be enc l o s ed

w i t h a mud w a ll pen di ng t he n ec es s a ry p er mi s s i on fro m t he
.

N a bo b . Th i s w a s no t c on c ed ed un til 1 696 w he n S ir ,

C h a rl es E yre w a s Agen t a n d th en o n ly i n dir ec tly

, The .

H i n d oo R a j a h s on t he w es tw a rd o f t he ri v er h a v i ng rebell ed
a g a i n s t t he I mperi a l a uth o ri t y t he N a bob begged the
,

E ng li s h F re n c h a n d D utc h t o t a k e s t ep s t o d efen d th ei r
, ,

i n t e r es t s. Th e i n v i t a ti o n w a s q ui c kly a c c epted a nd p re
,

b a ra t io n s ma d e fo r th e c o ns t r uc ti on o f a fo rt . T w o y ea r s

lla t er t he E n gli s h p r oc ur ed fo r t h e s um o f s i x teen th o us a n d

rup ees , l ett ers p a t en t from Pri n ce Az i m us h s h a n g r a n d

- -
,

so n o f A urun g z eb a n d n o w N a bo b o f Ben ga l
,
w hi c h eu
,

'
a b led the m t o p urc h a s e fro m t he h o ld er s t he ri ght t o t h e

ven t s o f t h e t hree v ill a ges o f C a lc ut t a S ut t a n ut t ee a n d

,

G o vi n dpo re a dj a c en t t o t he fa c t o ry
. . Th ey h a d n ow t he
me a n s t o d e fr a y t he c h a rges o f t he s ma ll ga rri s o n
r eq ui r ed fo r th ei r p roposed fo rt but t he prog res s ma de
,
430 CA C L U TTA ow AN D N E W .

i n buildi ng w a s l
s ow . E v en t ua lly on Augus t 20t h ,
1 700
.

t he w o rk w as so d v a n ced a s to be di gn i fi ed w i t h t he
fa r a

n a me o f t h e r ei i ki d F r t \V il li a m c a m e i n to
g n n g n
g a n o ,

ex i s t en c e . Th er e w a s l i t t l e mo r e h o w ev e r t o m e e t t he
, ,

ey e t h a n a w a ll ed en c l o s ur e a n d a ba s t i o n B ut i n 1 701 .

a s ec o n d ba s t i o n w a s a dd ed a n d in 1 707 t h e t w o r e ma in
, ,

i n g ba s t i o n s w ere a dd ed o n t he ri v er s id e f a c i n g t h e o l de
-
,

ba s t i o n s o n t h e ea s t .

The s po t h o s en by G o ld s bo ro ug h w a s t h e h ig hest
c

pi ec e o f g ro un d o n t he ri v er s id e In o rd er t o p i c t ur e it
-
. .

w e mus t remembe r t h a t i n t h o s e d a y s t h e ri v e r fl o w ed

muc h f urth er ea s t t h a n it d o es n o w a n d t h a t t h e p r es ent ,

S t r a n d R o a d w a s t h en d ee p un d er w a t e r The a c t ua l S II . t

o f t h e Fo rt i s t h e pl o t n o w o c c upi ed by t h e Ge n e ra l P ost
O ffi c e , t he a dj o i n i n g blo c k o f G o ve r n men t O ffi c e s t he ,

C us t o m H o us e a n d t h e E a s t I n d i a n R a i l w a y H o us e The .

w a r eh o us es buil t a l o n g t he s o ut h s id e o f t he Fo r t s k i rted

K o il a Ghfit S t reet Th e n o rth s id e w a s in Fa i rl i e P l a c e

. .

a n d o n t h e w es t t he ri v e r l a pp ed t h e w a ll s T h e ea s .

fro n t l o o k ed o ut o n Cli v e S t reet a n d D a lh o us i e S q ua re .

t h e n k n o w n a s t h e L a l B a g h o r t he P a rk Im m e d i a t el v .

o ut s id e t he Fo r t a n d be fo r e t he ea s t c urt a i n w a l l s t o od -

t h e Ch ur c h o f S t An n e c o n s ec r a t ed o n J un e 5 t h
. 1 7 09 ,
.

a n d n a med a f t er t h e p a t r o n s a i n t o f t he Q ue e n lt .

o c c upi ed t he s i t e o f t h e m o de r n B en l C u il C h m be
g a o n c a

a n d r ema i n ed t h e c h ur c h o f t h e S et t lemen t un t i l 1 756 .

In 1 709 a l s o t he o ld t a n k o n t he g reen in fro n t o f t h e F o r t

, .

w a s ex t e n d ed a n d d eep en ed It h a d fo r merly be en w i t h i n
.

t h e e n c l o s ur e o f t he o ld z e mi n d a r s c ut c h erry a n d s t i l l
’

a d o r n s t he c en t r e o f D a lh o us i e S q ua re Th e vea r 1 7 0 6
.
432 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W.

t he s o uth c urta i n in 1 7 41 , fo ll o w i ng th e li ne o f Ko i la G hat

S t reet . W es t Of t he w a r eh o us es w as th e ca rpe n te r ’
s

y a rd .

In t he middl e of t he s o uth s ec t i o n o f t he F o r t w a s the

G o v er no r H o us e t h e bes t a n d mo s t r eg ul a r Pi ec e o f
’
s ,

Arc hit ec t ur e t h a t w a s ev er s een in t h e E a s t by t h e m uc h

tra vell ed a nd obs erva n t Al ex a n d er H a mil t o n Th i s b ui ld» .

ing fo r med t hree s id es o f a rec t a n g l e t he w es t a nd p ri n ,

c ip a l f a c e bei n g 245 feet l o ng In t he c en t re o f t he w es t ern

.

fa c e w a s t h e g rea t g a t e a nd fro m it a c o l o n n a d e ra n d o w n
,

t o t h e w a t erg a t e a n d t he la n di ng s t a g e The l a rg e h a ll .

a n d t he pri n c ip a l r o o ms o f t h e f a c t o ry l a y o n t he fi r s t fl oo r ,

w hi c h w a s a p p r o a c h ed by a g r a n d s t a i r c a s e t o t he l ef t o f

t h e g rea t g a t e The so uth ea s t w i ng c o n t a i ned t he a p a rt

.
-

men t s o f t he Go v er n o r A r a i s ed c l o i s t er ra n r o un d th e
.

three s id es o f t he c o ur t enc l o s ed w ithi n t he buil di n g .

On i h er s id e of t he ea s t ga t e o f t h e Fo rt a n d l o o k ing
e t
”
on to Ta n k Sq ua re t h er e ex t en d ed a d o ubl e ro w o f

a r c h es p a ra l l el t o t he ea s t c urt a i n w a ll Th e fi rs t ro w o f
-
.

t he l i n e o f a rc h es t o t h e l eft s erved t o c o n t a i n a ra n g e o f

ro o ms buil t a ga i n s t t he w a ll t he s ec o n d ro w fo rm ed a ,

v er a n d a h o r pi a z z a w es t o f t h e r o o ms E a c h O f th es e a rc h es
.

mea s ured 8 feet 9 i n c h es The fi r s t fo ur betw een the g a t e

.

a nd the s o uth ea s t ba s ti o n w er e us ed a s t he c o ur t o f gua rd

-
,

an d w er e l eft o p en t o t he p i a zz a in fro n t o f t h e m The ne x t .

n i n e a rc he s fo r me d r oo ms c o mmun i ca t i n g w i th eac h o t he r
,

a n d em pl oye d a s s o ldi er s ba rr a c k s Th ey w ere s epa ra te d

’
.

fro m t he p i a z z a by a s ma l l d w a rf w all o r p a r a pet bui lt b e

t w een t he a rc h es Th e fo urteen th a n d fi ft een th a rc he s
.

a dj o ined t h e s t a i r s l ea di ng t o t he bas t i o n , and w ere c om

 THE O LD FO R T A N D THE B L AC K HO L E . 433

p l e t e ly ll ed in Thi s w a s t he mili t a ry pri s o n o r B l a c k

wa .

H o l e a n d h ere it w a s th a t t he t raged y w a s en a c t ed w hi c h
,

h a s g i v en a l urid pr o mi n en c e t o t he fa t ef ul y ea r 1 756 .

S uc h t h en w a s t he as p ec t of O ld Fo rt W illi a m . Fo r
the v s i it o r th e be s t i r ema i n s o f t he a c t ua l
w a y t o v ew t h e

s i t e i s t o t ur n do w n K o il a G hé t S treet a n d en t er t h e P o s t

O ffi c e c o mp o un d t h ro ug h t he o ld P o s t O ffi c e b uildi n g a n d

i t s n e w red bri c k e x t e n s io n The s un k en a rc h es i mme

.

d i a t ely i n fro n t w h e re t he P o s t O ffi c e w a g o n s a re n o w
.

ke p t c o n s t i t ut e a ll t h a t s urvi ves o f t he O ld Fo r t : t h ey
,

w e r e o n c e p a r t o f a n a r c a de w i t hi n t h e s o ut h c urt a i n us ed

fo r t he i mp o r t a n d e x po rt w a r eh o us es Th e P o s t a l em
.

l o y es h a v e t h ei r t i ll i o ro o m a bo v e d t w r h t t h
p a n o a c es a e
-
,

e a s t e n d h a v e been c l o s ed i n a n d ma d e i n t o a ki t c h en .

Th e r o o m t h us fo r m ed i s a go o d d ea l l a rge r t h a n t he B l a c k
H o le but i t s e r ve s to g i ve s o me id ea o f w h a t it w a s lik e
, .

B ehi n d th e o ld a rc a des ra n t he li n e o f t h e s o ut h c ur t a i n
w al l. H e re a s els ew h ere un d er t he direc t i o n s o f L o rd
, ,

C urz o n t he o ut li n e o f the O ld Fo rt h a s been ( w h erev e r

,

p r a c t i c a bl e
) m a rk e d o ff o n b r a s s li n es s un k i n t h e s t o n e

p a v e m e n t a,n d t h e ide n t i t y o f t h e d i ffe re n t f ea t ures of

i n t e re s t i n di c a ted by i n s c ri bed t a bl et s a ffi x ed t o t h e
a d j o i n i n g w a ll s The fi rs t o f t he t w o t a bl et s a t t hi s p o i n t
.

be a rs t he fo l lo w i n g i n s c rip t i o n : The b r a s s l i n es i n t he
s t o n e o n t he a dj a c e n t r o un d ma rk t he p o s i t i o n a n d ex t en
g t
o f t h e s o ut h c urta i n o f O ld Fo rt \V il li a m
”
The s ec o n d
.

is t h us en g r a ved : The t w o li n es o f t w el v e a rc h es t o t he
w es t o f thi s t a bl et a re a ll th a t n o w rema i n s a bo v e r o u d
g n

o f O ld Fo rt a n d o ri i n a lly f o r med a p o r t i o n of t h e
g
a r c a d e w i t hi n t he s o ut h c ur t a in Th e B l a c k H o l e pri o n
g
.

28
 434 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

w a s a s ma ll ro o m fo r med by bri c ki ng up tw o a rc h es of a

s i mil a r but s ma ll er a rc a d e w ithi n t he ea s t c ur a i n

t , so ut h
”
o f t he ea s t g a t e .

P a s s i ng on , to the ri ght , up t he co mp o un d of th e P os t
O ffic e, un t il t he ga t e in D a lho us i e S q ua r e is rea c h e d , t h e
v i s i t o r w a lk s a l o n g w h a t w a s o n c e t h e s i t e o f t h e p a r a d e

r und O n t h e ri h t i n o ld d a y s w er e r a n es o f a r c h es
g o .
g , ,g
us ed a s w a reh o us es : a n d o n t he l ef t w a s t h e p a r a d e

g r o un d,
p a r t ly p a v ed w i t h b ri c k a n d p a r t ly t ur fe d A t .

t h e D a lho us i e S q ua r e g a t e is t h e a c t ua l s it e o f t h e B l a c k

H o l e t o w hi c h w e s h a ll s h o r t ly r et ur n The ma s s i v e .

ma s o n ry ga t e w hi c h s t oo d h ere un til 1 900 h a s been

remo ved s o th a t t h e s i t e o f t h e pri s o n ma y be ea s i ly v i s i b l e
, ,

a n d t he s it e i t s elf h a s been c o v e r ed w ith p o li s h ed bl a c k

ma r bl e a n d en c l o s ed w ith a r a ili n g a n i n s c rip t i on o n a

,

bl a c k ma r bl e t a bl et bei n g pl a c ed o n t he w a ll a bo v e i n 1 900
un d er t h e o rd er s o f L o rd C urz o n An o t h er t a bl et i n t e n d
.

i n g t o g uid e v i s i t o r s t o t he hi s t o ri c s p o t w il l be fo un d a t
t h e c o r n er o f t h e P o s t O ffi c e by t h e ga t e o n th e s id e f a c i n g

D a lh o us ie S q ua r e P o s t po n i ng f ur t h er ex a mi n at i o n f o r
.

t he pre s en t a n d p as s i n g t h ro ugh t h e g a t e i n t o t he S ua re
, q .

t h e v i s it o r w ill s ee b r a s s li n e s o n t he s t ep s o f t he P o s t

O ffi c e w hi c h ma rk t he a ng l e o f t he s o uth ea s t ba s t i o n t h e -
,

t hi c k n es s o f t he w a ll bei n g ex a c tly i n di c a t ed b t h
y e s pa ce

betw een t he li n es O n t he w a ll a dj o i n i ng is a t a b l e t
.

w h i c h t ell s us th a t t h e ex treme s o uth ea s t i t f th e

p o n -
o

ba s ti on w a s 95 feet a w a y Proc eed i n g n o rt h w a rd a lo ng

.

t he fo o tp a t h th r o ug h Ch a r n oc k Pl a c e a t a bl et w ill m ee t

t h e eye a t t he c o r n e r o f t he red hnic k o ffi oe o f t he C o l lec

-
’

to r o f C a lc ut t a o p po s i t e t he m a r bl e repli c a o f t he H o lw e l l
,
436 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

rai l H a l l co ll ec ti o n n o w t emp o r a rily h o us ed i n t he I n di a n

,

M us eum a n a d mi r a bl e mo de l o f t h e Fo r t a n d t h e Ch urc h
,

of St A r e p a r ed un d e r t h e s up e r v i s i o n Of D r C R
. n n e p ,
. . .

W il s o n w h o s e l a bo urs h a v e throw n s o m uc h lig h t U po n

,

t h e w h er ea bo ut s a n d t h e s urr o un di n g s o f t he O l d F o r t

a nd w h o s e
p r e m a t ure d ea t h i n 1 904 h a s bee n a n i rre p a r ,

a bl e l o s s t o t h e s m a ll ba n d o f s t ud en t s o f t h e p a s t hi s t o ry

o f t h e B ri t i s h E mpir e in I n di a .

Th e en t ir e c i rc ui t of t he O ld Fo r t h a s n ow been m a d e
but we h a v e yet t o p a y o ur pilg ri ma ge t o t he s i te o f th e
B l a c k H o l e i t s el f w h i c h w e h a ve o n ly h urri ed ly ex a m i n ed
,

in p a s s i n g Th e v i s i t o r w il l di s c o ve r t he g uid e t a b l et
.
-

a l m o s t behi n d t he H o l w ell o beli s k a t t h e n o r t h ern en d o f

t h e ea s t er n v er a n d a h o f t he G en er a l P o s t O ffi c e build i n g ,

w hi c h w ill en a bl e t h e s p o t t o be r ea dily a s c e r t a i n ed It .

bea r s t he w o rd s Be hi n d t he g a t ew a y i mmedi a t el y a d
j o i n i ng t hi s s p o t is t h e s i t e O f t he B l a c k H o l e pri s o n o f
O ld F o r t E n t e ri ng t he i ro n g a t e a c c o rdi n g ly ,

w hi c h li es t o t h e ri h t o f t he t a bl e t t he v i s i t o r w il l c o me
g ,

i n f ull v i ew O f a r a il ed enc l o s ure c o n t a i n i n g a p o li s h e d,

bl a c k ma r bl e p a v emen t 0 s l a b w hi c h c o v e r s t h e ex a c t
"

b r ea d t h o f t he p ri s o n 1 4 f ee t 1 0 i n c h es but n o t i t s f ull
, ,

len g t h O f 1 8 feet a s a bo ut o n e thi rd o f t he a rea a t t h e

,
-

n o r t h en d is a ppr o pri a t ed by t h e C us t o m H o us e buildi n g - .

I m medi a t ely a bo ve t he s l a b a n d up o n t he w a ll o f t h i s
,

buildi n g is a s ma l l er s l a b a l s o o f bl a c k ma rb l e w h i c h
, , ,

bea r s t he f o ll o w i ng i n s c ripti o n

The ma r bl e p a vemen t bel o w t hi s s p o t w a s pl a c ed h e re

by L o rd C urz o n V i c ero y a n d Go v er n o r Gen era l O f I n d i a
,
-
,

in 1 900 t o ma rk t h e s i t e o f t h e pri s o n in O ld F o r t
.
 THE O LD FO R T AN D THE B L AC K HO L E . 437

W i lli a m k n o w n a s t he B l a c k H o le i n w hi c h 1 46 B r it i s h
, ,

i n h a bi t a n t s o f C a l c ut t a w ere c o n fi ned o n t h e n i g h t o f t h e
”
20t h J un e 1 756 a n d f ro m w h ic h o n lv 23 c a me o ut a li ve
, ,
.

F o r ma n y p o t r ema i n ed a l t o g et h er fo rgo t t en
y ea rs the s .

B ut in 1 9 6 3 M r R R o s kell B a y ne i n t h e c o ur s e o f p re
, . .
,

p a ri n g t he fo un d a ti o n s O f t he E a s t I n di a R a il w a y C o m
c a me U p o n w h a t h e s a w mus t be t he rem
'

a n y s o ffi c es
p ,

n a n t s o f th e n o rt h e r n c ur t a i n a n d ba s t i o n s o f t h e O ld F o r t

a n d b y c a r e ful mea s ure men t s a n d fur t h e r ex c a v a t i o n s he ,

w a s e n a bl ed t o pl o t o ut n o t o n ly t h e s i t e o f t h e B l a c k

H o l e but t o veri fv t h e rec o rd ed d es c rip t i o n s o f t h e F o r t

,

by c o n t e mpo ra ry w ri t er s The s ma l l d ep t h t o w hi c h t h e
.

fo und a t io n s o f t he c ur t a i n w a ll s w er e c a rri ed a s t o n i s h ed ,

M r Ba y n e
. .t he g r o un d w a s f a ul t y s dl t i m be r s ,

w e re fre e ly us ed a n d b uil t up o n but d eep fo un d a t i o n s

,

a pp e a red no t t o be t h o ug h t o f The m a s o n ry hO .
,
'

ev e r ,
w a s o f s uc h s t r en g t h t h a t pi c k a x e a n d c ro w ba r

w e r e o f n o a v a il a n d bl a s t i n
g b
, y g un p o w d e r w a s r e

s o rt e d t o M r Ba y ne s res ea rc h es w er e c o n t i n ued by D r
. .
’
.

B us t e ed w i t h muc h c a re a n d la bo ur a n d c o mpl et ed by
Dr C R
. . . i n 1 89 1 w h en a p o r t io n o f t h e o ld
,

C us t o m Ho us e w a s p ull ed d o w n a n d t he g ro un d o pe n ed ,

up fo r l a y in g t he fo un d a t i o n s o f t he n ew o ffi c es o f t h e
C a l c ut t a C o l le c t o r a t e D urin g t h e s e l a t t e r i n v es t i g a t i o n s
.
,

t h e w a ll s a n d l o w e r d un g eo n o f t he B l a c k H o l e w ere fo un d ,

a n d t h e s i te bei n o w fi d w i t h ut d ub t t h t u
g n x e o o e o pp o r ,

mi t y w a s t a k en t o ma rk t he s p o t w i t h a g ra n i t e s l a b ,

w hi c h bo r e h o w e v e r n o i n s c rip t i o n a n d v e ry pr o p e rly h a s
, ,

be en remo v ed t o ma k e w a y fo r L o rd C urz o n s c o mmemo

’

ra t i ve t a bl et .
438 CA C L U TTA OL D AN D N EW .

’
A refere n c e l a s t edi t i o n o f D r B us t eed s E c hoes
t o t he .

o m Old C a lc utt a w ill di s c l o s e o n p a ge 28 a n j ec t ura l

f r c o

v i ew o f t h e B l a c k H o l e a n d a dj a c en t c h a mber s a s seen

fro m t he p a ra d e g ro un d w i t hi n t he Fo rt W i th it s d et a ils
-
.

in o ur mi n d w e ma y rep ea t bri efl y t he d es c rip t i o n w e

,

h a v e a l rea dy g i v en Th ere w a s a d o ubl e ro w o f a rc h es

.

r un n i ng fro m t he fo rti fi ed ga te in the ea s t ern c ur ta i n

w a ll (w hi c h fr o n t ed D a lh o us i e S q ua re) t o t he s o uth ea s t -

ba s ti on . Th e t w o a rc h es a t t h e en d a dj o i n i ng t h e s t ep s
,

w hi c h led up t o t he ba s ti o n w er e bri c k ed up a n d use d

,

a s a mili t a ry pri s o n The di men s i o n s o f the roo m a re

”
g i v en b y O r me a s n o t t w e n t y fe e t s q ua r e H o l w e ll .

c a ll s it a c ube o f a bo ut 1 8 feet : but Se c r et a ry C o o k e

,

a n o t h er O f t he s urv i v o r s is mo re prec i s e a n d s a y s i t
, ,

w a s a bo ut 1 8 f eet l o n g a n d 1 4 feet w id e O n t h e ea s t .

a n d s o ut h i t w a s bo un d ed by d ea d w a ll s o n t h e n o rth b , y
a di v idi n g w a ll r ea c hi n g t o the r o o f in w hi c h w a s a d o o r
, ,

a n d o n t h e w es t l oo ki n g o ut o n t he p a ra de g ro un d , t h e
,

o ut er a r c h es ha d been bl oc k ed u p b i l ft l
p s a c e e n
, g e o n
y
fo r t w o s ma ll w i n d o w s s tro ng ly ba rred w i t h i ro n Th e s e .

w i n d o w s w e r e t he o n ly o ut le t fo r li g h t a n d a ir but t h e ,
"
reli e f a ff o rded w a s o f t he s li gh t es t Befo re t h e c h a mber
. ,

w ri t es O r me , w a s a v er a n d a h o r o p en g a ll ery o f a r c he d

ma s o n ry a n d i n t en d ed t o s hel t er t he s o ldi ers from t h e

,

s un a n d r a i n : but bei n g lo w it a l mo s t t o t a lly o bs tr uc t e d

,

”
t he c h a mber s behi n d The w i n d ow s fa c ed t hi s ve r a n
.

da h a n d t he d a rk di s ma l a n d s tifli n g n a t ure o f t he a c
, ,

c o mm o d a t i o n ma y be i ma g i n ed ev en w h en t he c h a m be r
,

w a s p ut t o i t s l eg iti ma t e us e as a p un i s h men t c ell .

In 1 803, w h en L o rd V a l en ti a ma d e the gr a n d t o ur , t he
440 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

app ea r ed t he mo s t dr ea df ul o f ev i ls i n t o a s ec u ri t y fo r
”
th o s e w ho o ut li ved t h e n i ght .

Th e nu m be r of p er s o n s w ho bec a me pri s o n er s ,
on the

Fo r t f a lli n g i n t o t he enemy s h a n d s o n t he ev e n i n g o f
.
’
,

the 2ot h O f J un e 1 756 w a s o n e h un d r ed a n d fo r t y s i x

, ,
- .

S o m e w er e E n gli s h s o me w er e
“
,
bl a c k Chri s t i a n s
h a l f c a s t e P o r t ug ues e : a n d t h er e w a s h a rdly a c o n d i ti o n
-

in s oc i et y un r eprese n t ed Th ey w ere a ll di s a r m ed
. a nd ,

o rd e r ed t o a w a i t t he pl ea s ure O f S er a j ud D o w l a h w ho - -
,

r es en t ly ent er ed t he F o r t i n h is l i t t er by t h e n o r t h ri v er
p
g a t e . H o l w e ll h a d t h r ee i n t e r v i ew s w i t h h i m t h e l a s t

bei n g h eld in t h e g r ea t h a ll o f t he G o v ern o r 5 H o us e .

Aft er m uc h us el es s di s c us s i o n t he N a bo b r et i r ed t o r es t .

g i vi n
g o rd e r s t h a t t h e pri s o n e r s s h o uld be s ec ur ed fo r t h e

n igh t but t h a t n o h a r m s h o uld h a pp en t o t h em

,
.

fo ll o w ed ma y bes t be t o ld i n Ho lw ell s o w n w o rd s ’

As soo n as it w as da rk , w e i w e re a ll ,
d is t i n c w t ho ut

t i o n d i rec t ed by t h e g ua rd o v er us t o c o ll ec t o ur s e l v es
,

i n t o o n e bo dy a n d s it d o w n q ui et ly un d er t he a rc h ed ,

ve r a n d a h o r pi a z z a
,
t o t h e w es t o f t h e B l a c k H o l e pri s o n
,

a n d t h e ba rr a c k s t o t h e le f t o f t h e C o ur t o f G ua rd ; a n d
’
j us t o v er a ga i n s t t h e w i n d o w s o f t h e Go v er n o r s ea s t e rly
a p a r t men t s B es id es t h e g ua rd o ver us
. a n o t h er w as ,

pl a c ed a t t h e fo o t o f t he s t a i r s a t t he s o ut h en d o f t hi s
v er a n d a h l ea di n g up t o t h e s o ut h ea s t ba s t i o n t o pr ev e n t
,
-

a n y o f us e s c a pi n g t h a t w a y O n t h e p a ra d e ( w h ere y o u
.

w ill re me mber t h e t w o t w en t y fo ur p o un d er s s t o od ) w er e
-

a l s o d r a w n up a bo ut fo ur o r fi v e h un dr ed
g u n m e n w i t h
li g h t ed ma t c h es A t t hi s t i me t he f a c t o ry w a s i n fl a mes
.

t o t h e ri ght a n d l ef t o f us ; t o t h e ri gh t t he A r mo ur a nd
y
 THE O LD FO R T A N D T HE B LAC K HO L E . 44 1

La bo ra t o ry ; t o t he l ef t t he C a rp en t er s y a rd ; t h o ug h a t ’

thi s t i me w e i ma g i n ed i t w a s t he c o tt a w a r eh o us es .

Th ey o rd ered us a ll t o ri s e up a n d g o i n t o t he ba rr a c k s
to t h e l e ft O f t h e C o ur t o f G ua rd Th e b a rr a c k s h a v e a
.

l a rge w oo d en pl a tfo r m fo r t he s o ldi er s t o s l eep o n a n d a re ,

op e n t o t h e w es t by a r c h es a n d a s m a ll p a r a p et w a l l -
,

c o rr es p o n di n g t o t h e a r c h e s o f t h e v er a n d a h w ith o ut In .

w e w en t mo s t rea dily a n d w er e pl ea s i n g o urs e l v es w i t h

t he pr o s p ec t o f p a s s i n g a c o m fo r t a bl e n i g h t o n t h e pl a t

fo r m li t t l e dr ea mi n g o f t h e i n fer n a l a p a r t me n t s i n r es e r v e
,

fo r us fo r w e w er e n o s o o n er a ll w i t hi n t he ba rr a c k s th a n
,

t he g ua rd s a d v a n c ed t o t he i n n e r a rc h es a n d p a r a p et w a l l -
,

a n d w i t h t h ei r m us k et s pr es e n t ed o rd er ed us t o o i n to
, g
t h e r o o m a t t he s o ut h er n mo s t en d o f t he ba rr a c k s c o m ,

mo n ly c a ll ed t he B l a c k H o l e pri s o n w hil s t o th er s f ro m,

t he C o urt o f G ua rd w i t h c l ubs a n d dr a w n s c i m i t a r s
, ,

pre s s ed upo n t h o s e o f us n ex t t o t h em Thi s s t ro ke w a s .

s o s udd en ,
s o un e x p ec t ed a n d t h e th r o n g a n d pr es s ure
,

s o g r e a t up o n us n ex t t h e d o o r o f t he B l a c k H o l e pri s o n ,

t h a t t h er e w a s n o r es i s t i n g i t ; but lik e o n e a g i t a t ed w a v e

i m p e lli n g a n o t h er w e w e r e o bli ged t o g i v e w a y a n d en t er

,
.

T h e r es t fo ll o w ed lik e a t o rren t few a mo n g s t us t h e, ,

s o l d i e r s ex c ep t ed h a v i n g t h e l ea s t id ea o f t h e di men s i o n s
,

of a pl a c e w e h a d n ev er s een : fo r i f w e h a d w e s h o uld ,

a t a l l ev en t s h a v e r us h ed up o n t h e g ua rd a n d been as , ,

t he l es s er ev il , by o ur o w n C h o i c e c ut to pi ec es
,
.

F ig ure t o y o ur s el f i f p o s s i bl e t h e s i t ua t i o n o f a h un dr ed
, ,

a nd f o rty s i x w r etc h es ex h a us t ed by c o n t i n ua l f a ti g ue
-
,

a n d a c tion ,
t h us c r a m med t og et h er in a c ube o f a bo ut

e i g h t e en fe et ,
i n a c l o s e s ul t ry n i g h t in B en ga l s h ut up
, ,

t o t h e ea s t w a rd a n d s o ut h w a rd ( t he o n ly q ua rt er s fr o m
442 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

w hen c e a i r c o uld r ea c h us) by d ea d w al l s a nd by a w a ll

a n d a d o o r t o t h e n o rth O pen o n ly t o t h e w es t w a rd bv
,

t w o W i n d o w s s tro ng ly ba rred w i t h i ro n fro m w hi c h w e ,

"
c o uld r ecei v e s c a rc e a n y t he l ea s t c i rc ul a ti o n o f fres h a ir .

The mo n s o o n , as a ma tt er
f a c t did n o t bur s t un t i l t h e
of ,

n i g ht o f t he fo ll o w i ng da y t he 21 s t
,
w h en it r a i n ed i n
,

t o rr en t s Th o s e w ho k n o w fro m bitt er ex p eri en c e w h a t a

.

C a l c utt a n i ght c a n be lik e d uri n g t he l a s t few d a y s be fo re

”
t he br ea ki n g o f t he r a i n s mus t t a k e i n t o a c c o un t a l s o
,

t h e h ea t a n d t he s mo k e o f t h e b ur n i n g buildi ngs a r o un d .

if th ey d es ir e t o rea li z e ho w ut t erly un bea ra bl e t he t em

p e ra t ur e m us t h a v e b een I t w . ill s e r v e n o u s ef ul p ur o se
p
t o r ec a ll i n d et a i l t he h o rro r s W hi c h ma rke d t he p a s si n g o f

t h e n ex t t en h o ur s .N o thi n g i n hi s t o ry o r fic t i o n c a n
a ppr o a c h th em a n d w e ma y be c o n t en t w i t h bo rr o w in g

D r B us t eed s a d mi r a bl e s umma ry o f t h i s p o rti o n o f H o!

‘ ’
.

w ell s n a rr a t i v e O n r ea li z i n g t h e t ra p t h ey w e re i n
’
.
,

H ol w ell bes o ught h is fell ow c a p t i ves t o end ea v o ur to

-

k eep c a l m a s t h ei r o n ly c h a n c e O f es c a pe fro m dea th At .

fi rs t t h ey li s t en ed t o h is en t r ea t y a nd n o t hi n g w a s h ea rd
,

but t he c ri es a n d g ro a n s o f t he ma n y w o un d ed H o l w ell .

h a d been o n e o f t h e fi rs t t h r us t i n t o pri s o n a n d h a d ga i n ed ,

t h e W i n d ow n ea r es t t h e d o o r w h er e h e t oo k w i t h h i m t w o
,

o f t h e y o un g es t w o un d ed o ffi c er s F ro m hi s po s iti o n o f
.

a dv a n t a ge h e t ri ed t o b ri be a n O ld j e ma d a r o f t he u a rd
g
t o t ry a n d g et t h e d o o r o pen ed o r t he pri s o n e r s di vid ed

but it w a s o f n o a v ai l I n a few mo men t s a l l w ere s t re a m

.

i n g w ith per s pir a ti o n a n d t o r men t ed w i th a n i n t ol era bl e

thirs t All s a v e H o l w ell a n d t w o o r t h ree n ex t t o hi m
.
, ,

t o re o ff t h e ir c l o t h es I n o rd e r t o p r oc ure s o me mo ve
.
444 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he d ea d t o t he f urt he r en d o f t h e pl a t fo r m D ea t h I .

e x p ec t ed a s un a v o id a bl e a n d o n ly l a men t ed it s s l o w
,
ap

pr o a c h t h o ug h t h e mo men t I q ui t ted t h e w i n d o w mv
,

”
br ea thi n g g r ew s h o r t a n d p a i n f ul S o o n t he d e p ri v a
.

t i o n o f a i r c a us ed t o r t uri n g p a i n s i n t he C he s t a n d in a ,

few mi n ut es h e h a d by a n effo r t O f d o ubl e t he s t r e n g t h

”
I ev er po s s es s ed p us h ed h is w a y t o t he O pp o s i t e w i n d o w
,

t o w h e r e h e h a d fo r me rly been I c ri ed a l o ud fo r w a t er
.

fo r G o d s s a k e I h a d been c o n c l ud ed d ea d but a s s o on
’
.
,

a s t h ev h ea rd m e a mo n g t h e m t hey h a d s t ill t he re s ec t
, p
a n d t en d e rn es s fo r me t o c ry o ut g i v e h im w a t e r
‘ ’
nor ,

w o uld o n e o f t he m a t t h e w i n d o w a t t e mp t t o t o uc h it
”
un t il I h a d dr un k B ut t h e r elie f o bt a in ed a t t h e c o t
. s

o f s uc h s a c ri fi c e w a s a l t o g e t h e r i n s uffi c ie n t I w as
o bs e r v ed by o n e o f my mi s er a bl e c o mp a n i o n s o n t h e r i g h t

O f me i n t h e ex p ed ie n t o f a l l a yi n g my t hi rs t by s uc ki n g r

my s hir t s l eev e -
. He t o o k t h e hi n t a n d r o bbed me f ro m
t i me t o t i me o f a c o n s id er a bl e p a r t o f my s l eev e t h o ug h ,

a f t e r I d etec t ed h i m I h a d ev en t he a ddr es s t o beg i n o n

,

t h a t s l eev e fi r s t w h e n I t h o ug h t my re s erv o i r s w ere s ufli

,

e ien t ly r ep l en i s h ed a n d o ur mo ut h s a n d n o s es O f te n m et
,

I n t h e c o n t es t . Thi s pl un d e r er I fo un d a ft er w a rd s w a
, ,
s

a w o rt h y y o un g g en t l e ma n i n t h e s er v i c e M r L us hi n g t o n , . .

o n e o f t h e few w ho es c a p ed fr o m d ea t h a n d s i n c e p a i d

me t h e c o mpli men t o f a s s uri n g me he beli ev ed h e o w e d h i s

li fe t o t he ma n y c o m fo r t a bl e d r a ug h t s h e h a d fr o m m v
s l ee v e
.

By a bo ut h l f p a s t el ev en t he g rea t er n umber o f t h o s e
a -

s t ill li v i n g w e r e d eliri o us As a l a s t eff o rt t o g a i n a i r

. .

s ev er a l w h o w er e behi n d l ea p t a n d s c r a mbl ed o n t he
 THE O LD FO R T A N D THE B L AC K HO L E . 445

ba c k s a nd h ea d s of th o s e
fr o n t r o w s a n d g r a s pi n g
i n t he
t h e ba r s s o h eld t h ei r p o s i t i o n w hil e li fe a n d s t r en g t h

l a s t ed SO g r ea t w a s t he t hr o n g a n d pres s ure ev en w h en
.
,

t h e fl o o r w a s s t re w n w i t h d ea d t h a t H o l w ell a t h i s s ec o n d
,

po s t fo un d hi ms el f w i t h a hea v y ma n o n h is ba c k a n d
a nd a
“
hea d a ,
D utc h S e rg ea n t o n h is l e f t s h o uld er ,

t o p a z ( n a t i v e s o ldi er) bea ri n g o n h i s ri g h t M a n y di ed.

s t a n di n g in t he i n n er r a n k s : a n d pres en t ly o n ly t h o s e
w e r e a li v e w ho by r ea s o n o f t h ei r e n d ur a n c e o r t h ei r

pl a c e n ea r t he w i n d o w s ha d bee n en a bl ed t o es c a pe
d ea t h Ho l w ell s pe r s o n a l r ec o ll ec t i o n o f h is t o r t ure
’
.

c e a s ed a t t w o o c l o c k
’
I fo un d a s t up o r c o mi n g o n a p a c e
.

a n d l a id my s elf d o w n n ea r t h e s o ut h er n mo s t w a l l o f t h e

pri s o n . W h en t he da y bro k e he w a s fo un d lyi n g un d er

t he d ea d up o n t h e pl a t fo r m C a p t a i n M ill s ( n o w c a pt a i n
.

o f t he C o mp a n y s Y a c h t ) w h o w a s i n po s s es s i o n o f a s ea t
’
,

in t h e w i n d o w h a d t h e h uma n i ty t o r es i g n i t
,
a l t h o ug h
,

l ife w a s eq ua lly d ea r t o ev e ry ma n a n d t h e s t enc h a ri s i n g

fro m t he d ea d bo di es w a s g r o w n i n t o l era bl e a n d he

s l o w ly r e v i v ed At s i x O c l o c k t he n e x t mo r n i ng w h en
’
.
,

t he d o o r o f t he pri s o n w a s o pen ed o n ly t w en t y thr ee p er -

s o n s w e r e f o un d s t ill a li v e Th e bo di es o f t he d ea d w er e
.

pro mi s c uo us ly t hro w n i n t o a d i tc h o f a n un fi n i s h ed r a ve
lin i n f ro n t o f t he ea s t g a t e a n d c o v er ed w ith ea rth a n d
, ,

her e i t w a s t h a t H o l w ell a f t e r w a rd s er ec t ed t he O beli s k t o

t hei r m emo ry w hi c h L o rd C ur z o n h a s r es t o r ed t o C a l

c utt a .

The ma j o rity of i r r f urt h er mol es t ed

t he s urv vo s w e e n o t .

Some did n o t i mmedi a t ely l ea v e C a l c ut t a a n d f o un d s h el

t er in t w o r ui n ed h o us es o f t h e s e t t l emen t w h e re t h ey
446 C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .
L

w er e fed by O mic h a n d but on t h e 30th J un e a d run ken

E uro p ea n rgea n t kill ed a M o o rma n a n d all t he E n g lis h
se

w ere o rd ered o ut o f t he c i t y O th er s l o s t n o t i me i n
.

ma ki ng th ei r w a y d o w n t o F ult a t o s w ell t he c ro w d of
h elpl es s men w o men a n d C hildr en w ho w er e h ud dl ed
,

t ogeth er w i t h D r a k e o n bo a rd t he s hip s a n d i n w r et c h ed

h ut s o n s h o re H o l w ell w a s r es er ved fo r a di ffe r e n t f a t e

. .

W i t h t hree c o mp a n i o n s h e w a s h a n d ed o ver t o M eer

M udd un o n e o f t he n a bo b s g en er a l s w ho s en t th em
’
, ,

t o M oo rs h id a ba d The j ourn ey l as t ed ov er a fo rt n i g h t
. .

N o t hi ng bet t er t h a n a l ea ky c o un t ry bo a t w a s p r o v id ed-

fo r t h e pri s o n er s Th ey la y w ith o ut s h elt er o f a n y ki n d

. .

o n bam bo o s c o v er ed w i t h bo il s a n d h ea v ily i r o n ed : t h eir

,

foo d a n d dri n k w a s ri c e a n d t he w a t er o f t he ri v er w h i ch
”
y o u k n o w ,
w rit es H o l w ell i s n e i t,
h er v e ry c l ea r n o r

very p a l a t a bl e i n t he r a i n s but t h er e w a s en o ug h o f it
,
”
w i t h o ut s c r a mbl i n g O n a rri v a l a t M oo rs hida ba d t h ew
.

w ere l ed i n c h a i n s t hr o ug h t he c i t y : but t hi s w a s t h e e n d
.

o f t h eir tr o ubl es fo r th ey w e r e s h o rtly a f te r w a rd s rel ea sed

,

a l o n g w i t h W a t t s a n d C o ll et w h o h a d been c a pt ur ed a t

C o s s i mba z a r a n d p er mitted t o j o i n t he remn a n t s o f t h e

-
,

E n g li s h a t F ult a .

Let us fo r a mo men t w a lk ov er t o t h e O be li s k in the

S q ua re behi n d us a nd rea d o n c e a ga n i t he na mes i n s c ri bed
upo n it s t a bl et s O f ma ny th ere is n oth i ng t o rec o rd
.

bey o n d the t ra g i c d ea th w hi c h h a s proc ured th em i m

mo rt a lity .O t h er s a re n o t w i t h o ut t h ei r v a t es s a c e r
a nd a few s tr a y n o t es ma y n ot be w i t ho ut i n t eres t
r eg a rdi ng t he mo re pro mi n en t o f th o s e w ho s t a n d c o m m e
mo ra ted up o n t he s i te o f t h ei r rud e g ra ve Fo re m o s t .
448 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

r ema i n ed a t h is p o s t P R P ea rkes Fi ft h o f C o un c il a n d
. . .
,

Ac c o mpt a n t re ma i n ed un t il t h e c a pt ur e o f t he F o rt a nd
, ,

es c a p ed a c c o rdi n g t o M ill s in th e co n f us i o n w hi c h en s ued

, ,
.

O f t h e o t h er s “ i ll ia m \ V a t t s S ec o n d O f C o un c i l a n d
'

, , ,

M a th ew C o ll et t S ev e n t h o f C o un c il w e r e a t M o o rs h ida
, ,

ba d a n d R i c h a rd B ec her t he ki n s ma n o f Th a c k e r a y s
’

, ,

mo t h er a n d F o urt h o f C o un c il w a s Chi e f o f D a c c a ,
The .

—
r ema i n i n g fo ur R o g er D r a k e t h e G o v e r r
n o a n d C a
,
s h

k eep er Ch a rl es M a n n i n g h a m Third a n d E x po rt
, ,

h o us e k eeper W illi a m F ra n kla n d

- S i x t h a n d m
I p r o t
,
,

“ a reho us e ee e
'

k p r a nd -
W illi a m ,
M a c k e t t N i'
n t h a n d ,

B ux ey fl ed i n c o mp a n y o f M i n c hi
,
n t h e C o m m a n d a n t a n d, ,

l ef t t h eir c o m ra d es t o t h ei r fa t e E d w a r d y E e T e n t h .
o f ,

C o un c i l a n d S t o re k eep er a n d W illi
- a m B a illi
,
e E l e v e n t h ,

of C o un c il a nd M ili ta ry St o e r k e e p e r p e ri s h e d i n t h e- B l a c k ,

H o l e O f t h e m a n n er o f E yr e s d ea t h w e h a v e a g r a ph ic
.
’

pi c t ure H o l w ell h a d f o rc ed h is w a y t o t he ba c k O f t he
.

h
c a m be r w hil h
e t e ,
fr e n z i e d s t r u gg l e f o r w a t e r w a s a t

it s h i
e g ht i n o rd e r ,
t h a t h e m i g h t r e s t u p o n a s t o n e

s ill a n d d i e w he n he s a y s
,
my po o r fri en d M r E d w a rd
, ,
.

E yr e c a me s t a gg eri n g o v e r t h e d ea d t o m e a n d w i t h h i s ,

us ua l c o o l n es s a n d g oo d n a t ur e a s k ed me h o w I d id -
,

but fell a n d e x pir ed befo r e I h a d ti me t o ma k e a re p ly .

On t he s a me r fa c e o f t he mo n umen t s t a n d
no r t h- w e s t e n

rec o r ded t he n a mes o f o t h er s er va n t s o f t he C o mp a n y O f

ev e ry r a n k f r o m t he hi gh es t t o t he l o w es t Ger v a s B e l .

l a my t he s en i o r c h a pl a i n ha d been i n I n di a s i n c e 1 7 26
, , ,

a n d a l t h o ug h i n h i s s i x ty s i x t h y ea r h a d f o ug ht l i k e a -
,

li o n d uri n g t he s ieg e W he n H o l w ell fo r t he s ec o n d .

t i me g a v e up h o p e h e l a i d h i ms el f d o w n h e t ell s us
, bv , ,
 T HE O LD FO R T AN D ma B L AC K HO L E . 449

t h e ga ll a n t O ld ma n w ho la y d ea d ,
w i th his s on t he
L i euten a n t h a n d ia h an d n ea r t he s o uth er n mo s t w a ll o f
,
- -
,
”
t h e pri s o n J en k s a n d R evely w ere merc h a n t s : Go a les
.
,

i n t h e q ua i n t l a n g ua ge o f t he t i me w a s
“
R eg i s t er o f ,

”
D us t ic ks a n d C o ll ec t o r o f C o n s ul a g e ; in o t h er w o rd s ,

w a s i n c h a rg e O f t h e C o mp a n y s C us t o ms La w J ebb
’
.
,

a n d C a r s e w ere f a c t o r s a n d V a l ic o urt a j un i o r me rc h a n t
, , .

F o urt een o f t he s uc c eedi n g n a mes a re t h os e O f y o ung

w ri t er s ma n y o f w h o m h a d n o t been a bo v e a y ea r o r t w o
,

i n t he c oun t ry Cl a yto n a nd W ith eri n gt o n w h o w ith

.
,

B uch a n a n c o mpl et e th e t a l e, w ere c a p t a i n s in t he milit a ry

s erv i ce O f t he C o mp a n y O n t h e s o ut h w es t er n t a bl et s
.
-

a re t he n a mes o f t h ei r c o mr a d es — three Li eut en a n t s a n d

fo ur E n s i g n s t w o o f t he l a t t er n o d o ubt t he l a d s th a t
, , ,

H o l w ell s t ro v e t o pr es erve fro m d ea t h s o l o n g a s h is

s t r en g th a n d t h eir s en d ur ed W i t h t h em too di ed t he
.
, ,

S e rg ea n t ma j o r Ab r a h a m a n d t he Q ua rt er ma s ter C a rt
-

w ri g h t . I n J a c o b B l ea u w h o s e n a me is i n s c ri bed a l o n g
,

w i t h t h e ir s w e h a v e pe rh a p s li g h t ed up o n t h e
, D utc h
w h o s a t o n Ho lw ell s s h o uld e r w h en h e w a s
’
S e rgea n t

g a s pi n g fo r a i r a t t h e s ec o n d w i n d o w C o li n S i ms o n w a s .

one o f t he t w o en g i n eer s o f t he g a rri s o n : t he o t h er ,

O Ha ra es c a pe d o n bo a rd t he s hip s a n d s o did t he Ad
’
, ,

j ut a n t Al ex a n d er G r a n t w ho is s a id t o h a ve fo ug ht a t
, ,

C ull o d en fo r Pri n ce Ch a rli e but he li ved t o ma k e a me n d s

,

by v o t i n g fo r i mmedi a t e a c ti o n be fore Pl a s s ey Tw o o the r .

O ffi c e rs ,
Li eut ena n t B l a gg a n d E n s i gn Pi c c a rd w o uld ,

a ppea r a c c o rdi n g t o Ho lw el l s epita ph t o h a ve been a mo n

’
, g ,

t he v i c ti ms O f t he B l a c k Ho le B ut r esea rc h ha s es t a b
.

l is hed t h a t th ey pe ri s h ed o th erw i s e a nd t h ei r n a mes w ill ,

be fo un d o n t he t a bl et o n t he s out h er n fa c e o f th e mon u
29
 '

450 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

men t . B l a gg w a s c ut to pi ec es re f us i n g t o
on a ba s ti o n
s urren d er t o t he l a s t I n o n e o f t he s o rti es O f w h ic h
. .

he w a s t h e l ea de r a y o un g w riter Ch a rl es S m ith w a s
, , ,

kill ed by his s id e a f t er d es p a tc hi n g fo ur o r fi ve O f t h e
M oo r s . Th e o the r s o ldi er Pi c c a rd w ho di ed O f h is
, ,

w o un d s befo r e t he Fo rt w a s t a k en w a s t h e h e r o O f th e
,

ll n t a c t i o n a t P erri n s R ed o ub t w h er e h e s pi k ed fo ur
’

g a a

o f t h e en emy s g un s
’
.

Th o ma s L ea c h w h o s e n a me is o n e o f th o s e o n t h e s o ut h
,

w es t er n t a bl et ,
w a s a n o th er h er o He w a s t he C o m
.

m
’
i h p ri h l rk f S A H o lw el l
’

p a n y s s t a n d t h e a s c e o t nne s . .

t ell s us h e h a d ma d e h is es c a pe a ft er t he s urr en d e r but ,

r et ur n ed j ust befo re it w a s d a rk t o i n fo rm h i m he h a d
,

prov id ed a bo a t fo r h is es c a p e B ut H o l w ell to ld h i m t he
.

s t e p w a s o n e h e c o uld n o t pr ev a i l upo n h i ms elf t o t a ke .

a s h e w o uld t h ereby v ery ill rep a y t he a t t a c h me n t t he

e n t l e men a n d t h e g a rri s o n h a d s h o w n t o h i m : w h e r e
g
up o n t he s mi t h r epli ed t h a t he w o uld n o t l ea v e h i m a nd
w a s r es o l v ed t o s h a r e h i s f a t e His fi delity c o s t h i m h is
.

life O f h umbl e o ri g i n he w ell merit s t he t ri but e w hi c h

.
,

H o l w ell p a y s t o t he me mo ry o f o n e t o w h o m I h a d in

ma n y i n s t a n c es been a fri en d a n d w ho o n thi s o cc a s i o n

,

demo n s t ra t ed his s en s i b ility o f it i n a d eg ree w o rt h y o f

”
a muc h hi h er r a n k A th r i ti m w h l i m tt
g . n o e v c o c a s a en

t i o n i n Ho lw ell s n a rr a t i v e is P et er C a r ey
’
a n o ffi c e r o f
,

o n e o f t he s hip s w ho h a d beh a v ed w ith m uc h b ra v ery

d uri n g t he s i ege he w a s c l os e behi n d H o l w el l w h en he

fo rc ed h is w a y t o t h e s ec o n d w i n d ow a n d h elped h i m t o
ma k e h is fi n a l ret r ea t . The p oo r w retc h h a d bee n l o ng
r a v i n g fo r w a ter a n d a i r : I t o l d h im I w a s d et ermi ned
452 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

n ev e rt hel es s i n t he r ev i s ed li s t o f th o s e w ho peri s h ed in
,

t h e B l a c k H o l e w hi c h h a s b e e n i n sc ri be d o n t h e s o u t h
w es t e n r f a c e o f t h e o b e li s k : a n d M a ri a C o r n e l i u s w as

c er t a i n ly o n e o f th o s e ki l l ed d uri n g t h e s i eg e o f C a lc utta ,

but it i s a q ues t i o n w h eth er in t h e B l a c k H o l e o r n o t .

R eg a rdi n g t he l a t t er w h o s e n a me d o es n o t fi n d i n c l us i on
,

a mo n g t h e t a bl et s n o t hi n g
,
is k n ow n Fo r p a rti c ul a rs
.

r ega rdi n g E l ea n o r W es t o n w e mus t t ur n t o t he w i fe o f

,

P et er C a rey Thi s w o ma n un d o ubt edly s urv i v ed t h e h o r

.

ro rs O f t he n i h t
g H
. o l w e ll m a k e s di s ti n c t m e n t i o n o f
he r a n d C oo k e s re fe ren c e t o o n e w o ma n a mo ng t h o s e in
’

t h e B l a c k H o l e i s ev id en t ly t o h er Tr a diti o n h a s it t h a t
.

s h e w a s c a rri ed o ff b p pl b if s he
’

y t h e N a b o b s e o e u t so , ,

w a s s p eedily r es t o r ed t o li bert y Her n a me d oes n o t o c c ur

.

in t h e li s t o f E uro p ea n s uff erer s t o w h o m p a y m e n t s by

w a y o f c o mp en s a t i o n w e r e ma d e in 1 7 59 a n d 1 7 60 b ut s h e

li v ed t o s ee W el les ley r uli n g o v e r I n di a i f w e a re t o c red i t ,

t h e ge n t l e ma n w ho v i s i t ed he r o n Aug us t 1 3t h 1 7 99 a t h er , ,

h o us e in C a lc ut t a s i t ua t e in a n a n g l e a t t h e h ea d o f t h e
,

”
P o rt ugues e Ch urc h S t reet a n d rec o rd ed t he fa c t o n t he
,

fl y l ea f o f h is C o py o f Ho l w ell s Tr a c t s n o w i n t h e p o s
’
-
,

s e s s i o n o f M rs .B ev erid ge Th e n o t es o f t hi s O bs e rv er
.
,

a M r Th o ma s Bo i l ea u w h o w a s a n a t t o r n ey o f t h e Su
.
,

pr eme C o urt a n d di ed ea rly in t he n i n et een t h c en t ury a re ,

q uo t ed bv D r B us t eed in h is E c h o es from O ld C a lc ut ta
.

( t hi rd e diti o n , p a g e a n d fr o m t h e m .
it w ill a pp e a r
t ha t M rs C a r ey
. n o t o n ly c o n fi r med a ll w hi c h M r Hol .

w ell h a d s a id o n t h e s ubj ec t o f t he tr a edy b u t dd d

g a e ,

tha t ,
bes i de s he r h us ba n d h er mo th er M rs
, E l ea nor
, .

Wes to n ( her n a me by s eco n d ma rri a ge) a n d her s i s t er , ,

a ed t en y ea r s ha d a l s o p eri s h ed t h erei n a nd t h a t o ther

g , ,
 T HE O LD FO R T A N D THE B L AC K HO L E .

w o men , t h e w ves o f s o i ldi ers ,

a nd c hildren ,
ha d s h a red
a lik e fa te .

Th er e i s men t i o n M rs W es t o n i n M r S C Hill s ’
no of . . . .

Li s t of i n h a b i t a n t s i n t he E n gli s h s et t l e men t s in Be n g a l i n
1 7 56 but i t i s c l ea r th a t s he h a s been i n c l ud ed i n t h e li s t
M rs C a r ey s
’
up o n t h e a uth o ri t y o f t he p a s s a g e j us t C it ed . .

a g e a t t he t i me o f t he i n t erv i ew i s g i v en a s fi ft y ei g h t -
,

upo n her o w n s t a t emen t i n w hi c h c as e s h e mus t h a v e bee n

,

a bo ut 1 5 i n t h e y ea r o f t h e c a pt ur e o f C a l c ut t a : a n d i n a

s ubs eq ue n t n o t e o n t h e s a me fl y le a f h er d ea th i s s a id t o
-

h a v e oc c urred o n M a rc h 28t h 1 801 Wh eth er M rs E l ea

,
. .

n o r W es t o n w a s o r w a s n o t a rel a ti v e o f Ch a rl es W es t o n ,

th e fri en d O f H o l w e ll a n d b en ef a c t o r o f S t J o h n s Ch urc h
’
.
,

mus t r ema i n a m a t te r o f c o n j ec t ur e : but it is a t a ll ev en t s

d es erv i n g o f r ec o rd a s a po s s i bili t y .

Tw o o the r W oo d an d a M rs B o w er s a re
w o men , A n n .
,

s a id o n d o ubt f ul a ut h o ri t y t o h a v e s urv i v ed t he a w f ul
n ig ht . Th e n a me o f t h e l a tt er un q ues t i o n a bly a ppe a r s
”
in t he li s t o f s ufferer s as ,t h e r ec ipi en t o f s ev er a l

s m a ll s ums A n d in Hic ky s Ga z ette t h er e oc c ur s d uri n g

’
.

t h e y ea r 1 780 a p a r a g r a ph r el a ti n g t o h er : M rs B ow .
i

e rs . i t r un s in Hic ky s t ypi c a l s li p s h o d fa s hi o n
’
w as ,
“

a y o un g w o ma n a n d i n h a bit a n t o f C al c utt a w h en i t w a s ,

t a k en by t he M o o r s i n t h e y ea r w h ere upw a rd s

of B ri t i s h s ubj ec t s w e r e c o n fi n ed in t h e d un geo n ;
s he c o n c eal ed he rs elf un t il a ft e r n i g ht i n o n e o f t he
w a reh o us es i n t he fa c t o ry fro m w h en c e s he ma d e her
,

esc a p e o n bo a rd a s ma ll v es s el lyi n i n t h e ri v er O pp o s i t e
g
t h e O ld Fo rt .
454 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N Ew .

O ur i n fo r ma t i o n as to M rs . W oo d res t s upo n t h e t
s ta e

men t ma d e by C a pt a i n E . B uc kl e in h i s hi s to ry o f t he
”
B en g a l A r t ill ery . The
fo ll o w i ng s ays , w as B uc kl e ,

c o pie d fr o m a n i n s c ri p t i o n o n c h a rc o a l o n th e w a l l o f a

s ma l l mo s q ue o n t h e d ec li v i t y o f a hil l a bo ut a m il e f ro m

Ch un a r a n d t he s a me di s t a n c e fro m t he G a n ges i n O c t o
, ,

ber 1 780
, . Thi s is t he pl a c e o f c o n fi n emen t o f An n “ f o o d ,

w i fe t o Li eut en a n t J o h n W oo d t a k en pri s o n er by J a fl er
' '

B eg C o mma n d a n t t o S i r R og e r D o w l er [s ic ] t a k e n o ut
, ,

o f t he h o us e a t C a l c ut t a w h e re s o ma n y un h a p t l
p y g e n e

men s uff er ed ; t he s a id J a ff a r B eg O bt a i n ed pro mo t i o n o f

S ego ur D o w l er [s i c ] fo r h is l o n g s erv i c e Fo uj d a r o f ,

Chun a r G a r 1 Al ex a n d er C a mp bell w a s t a k en a l o ng
.
, , ,

w i t h t h e un fo r t un a t e l a dy a t el ev en y ea r s o ld
, b y t he ,

s a me p er s o n s w ho m a d e me a n e un uc h ; m o ly em l y
, y n
p o

men t w a s t o a t t en d t hi s l a dy w hi c h I d id in thi s pl a c e fo r
,

fo ur y ea r s . 1 76 2 M a y 3rd t h e s a id J a f a r B eg s e n t t o
, ,

a c q ua i n t t h e l a dy t h a t i f s h e did n o t c o n s e n t t o li v e w i t h

h im t h e 4t h o f t he s a id mo n th s h e s h o uld be s t r a n g l ed , ,

a n d by m y h a n d s ; t h e 3rd a t m id n i g h t w e j ump ed o ut o f
, ,

t hi s w i n d o w a n d t t t h ri r id w h r I hi r d b t
g o o e v e s e e e e a ,
o a

fo r fi f t y g o ld r up ees t o c a rry us s a fe t o Chi n s ur a h w h e re

, ,

w e a rri v ed o n t he 1 1 t h Th e fi rs t n ew s w e h ea rd w a s
.

t h a t Li eut en a n t “ oo d di ed fo r g ri ef a s s o o n a s s h e h ea rd
’

t hi s s h e fell s i c k a n d di ed t he 27t h o f t h e mo n t h
, Mr . .

D r a k e beh a v ed w i t h t he g rea t es t i mpr ud en c e h e did ,

d es erv e t o be s h o t ! s h o t ! s h o t ! Al ex a n d er C a mp be l l ; I
a m now
’
i n D o w l a h s s erv i c e C a p t a i n B uc kl e a dds
’
.

t h a t M rs .W oo d s a p a rt men t
’
w hi c h i s a l l t he h o us e
,

c on s i s ts o f i s 9 feet 5 i n c he s by 8 f eet 9 i n c h es a n d 7
, ,

”
feet 9 i n c h es hi g h ; t he w i n d o w 1 8 i n c h es M r H ill
,
. .
456 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N ew .

B l a c k Ho l e, h e w a s iro n s t o M ur s h ida ba d w i t h
s en t in
t h re e co m a n p i o n s b u t w a s ,
r el ea s ed a n d m a de h i s w ay to

t h e s hi p s a t F u l t a I n s h.a t t e r ed h e a l t h h e pro c eed ed h o m e

w i t h d es pa t c h es a n d i t w a s d uri n g t h e ra pi d vo y a g e ( a s
,

i t w a s t h en c o n s id ered ) o f fi ve mon t h s t h a t he w ro t e hi s
w ell k no w n n a rr a t i v e o f t h e t ra gedy i n t he form o f a 33
- ~

p a g e l et t e r t o W illi a m D a v i s E s q re fro m o n be “ ,
.
,

t h e S y re n l op t hi s 28t h d a y o f F eb rua ry
,
I t w as ,

t r a n s l a t ed i n t o G e r ma n i n 1 7 9 9 a n d a s eco n d En g l is h ,

t i o n a p p ea r ed i n t h e s h a p e o f a n a ppe n di x t o h i s Infi a
Tr a c t s , w h en he h a d bec o me a Fell o w o f t he

Soc i et y .

He did not r ema i n l c n g i n E ng l a n d . In oon si

of h is r i
s e v c es th e D i rec t o r s by a l a rge m
n a t ed him as t he s uc c e s s o r o f Cli ve i n t h e

but he decl i ned t he

h o n o ur a n d w a s t h en
i n C o un c il B ut a fr es h el ec ti o n t o t he
.

pl a c e be fo re h e s t a rt ed a n d t he n ew Bo a rd ,

t o t h e po s i t i o n o f N i n t h O w i ng ho w ever .
, ,

p a rt ure o f s en i o r s he foun d h i ms el f Fo urth i n

,

o n h i s a rri v a l a t Fo rt \V i ll ia m : a n d i n 1 7 59 ,

S ec o n d I t w a s n o t l o ng befo r e h is milita ry
.

o n c e mo re c a ll ed i n t o re q ui s iti o n In t h e s a m .

w h en C a l c ut t a w a s d e n ud ed o f tr oo ps d uri ng

w i th t he D ut c h a n d t he M ili t i a w ere
,

t he se t t l emen t t hi s c o mma n d w a s e n t r us t ed
,

H o l w ell N ex t y ea r
. t he g o ver n o rs hip de
,

h im a f te r Cli v e s d ep a rt ure fo r E uro pe a n d un t il th e Ord ers

’

o f t he C o ur t w e re rec ei ved B ut he hel d the o ffic e for

.

ba relv s ix mo n th s fo r t h e D i rec to r s ap poin ted Hen ry

,
 THE O LD FO R T A N D T HE B LAC K HO L E . 457

V i
a n s t ta rt of t he M a dr a s C o un c il t o t he p o s t . A mo n g
t he O rme ma n us c rip t s , y s D r B us t eed t h ere i s a go s
sa .
,

s i ppy let t e r w ri t ten fr o m C a l c ut t a t o D r a k e i n E n g l a n d ,

fr o m w hi c h w e l ea rn ho w H o l w ell rec ei v ed t he n ew s o f
h i s s up er s es s io n A s s oo n a s h e h ea rd O f M r V a n s it
. .

t a r t s a ppo i n t men t h e s ee med g r ea t ly s h oc k ed but w i t h

’
, ,

h i s us ua l g a i et y a n d t a ki n g a pi n c h o f s n uff s a id h e w a s
, ,

l a d f i t f r t h f t i u f t h e C h a ir w a s t oo muc h fo r
g o o ,
e a g e o
”
h i m t o be a bl e t o h o ld i t t hree mo n t h s l o n ger He d e .

t e rmi n ed ne v e r t h el e s s n o t t o re ma i n i n I n di a a n d d uri n g
, , ,

t h e s um mer o f t h e y ea r 1 7 60 he a ppli ed f o r l ea v e t o r es i g n,

t h e s erv i c e g i v i n g a s h is r ea s o n
, t he ma n y un me ri t ed

a n d c o n s eq uen t ly un j us t m a rk s O f res en t men t w hi c h I

h a v e l a tely rec ei ved fro m t he pres en t C o urt o f D irec t o r s .

H i s p o s iti o n ha d i n f a c t bec o me un ten a bl e

, ,
A y ea r p re .

v io us ly ,H o l w ell ha d o n D ec ember 29t h 1 759 j o i n ed w i t h , ,

C li v e a n d t h e n i n e o t h er M e mber s o f C o un c il i n s i g n i n g
a n i n di g n a n t pr o t es t t o t h e C o urt a ga i n s t t he i n s ul t i n g

ma n n e r in w hi c h t h ey h a d been a ddr es s ed a n d a c c us ed
o f p ec ul a t i o n Th e o ri gi n a l d ra ft in Ho lw ell s w ri t i n g
’
.

w as , s a ys D r B us te ed i n t he po s s es s i o n o f h is g r ea t
.
,

g r a n d s o n I t
. O p e n s b y d ec l a ri n g t h a t t he u n pr o v o k ed

a n d g e n e r a l a s p eri t y o f t he C o urt s l et t e r w a s s uc h t h a t
’

”
t h ey fel t bo un d t o ex p o s t ul a t e w i t h fre ed o m t h e r eo n .

”
Per mi t us t o s a y t h ey c o n t i n ued
,
t h a t t he di c t i o n ,

i s mo s t un w o rt hy y o ur s el v es a n d us i n w h a teve r r el a t i o n ,

c o n s i der ed eith e r a s ma s t e r s t o s e rv a n t s
, o r g en t l emen ,

t o gen t l emen The a n s w er t o thi s o ut s p o k en epi s t l e

.

w a s n o t w ri t t e n un t il n ea rly t w el v e mo n t h s h a d el a p s ed

w h en t he C o urt o rdered t he s umma ry di s mi s s a l o f

H o l w ell a n d t h r ee o th ers O n e is g l a d t o thi n k w i t h .
458 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E w .

Dr . B us t eed h a t H o lw ell a n t i c ip a t ed t he bl o w be fo re it
t

h a d ti me t o fa ll up on h i m He l eft I n di a in Sep t e m be r
.
,

1 760 befo re t h e f a t a l d es pa tc h ha d been pen n ed

, a nd ,

died a t Pi n n er n ea r H a rro w o n t he 1 5th N ovembe r 1 7 98 , ,

a t t h e a g e o f 87 It w o uld s eem th a t h e mus t h a v e

.

fa ll en up o n ev il d a y s t o w a rd s t he en d fo r t he t o mbs t o n e in,

t h e P a rk S t reet buryi n g g ro un d o f M r Ch a rl es “ e s t o n
- f .
,

c l e rk a t S t J o h n s Ch urc h w i n ner a t a l o t t ery o f T i re t t a

.
’
,

B a z a r i n C h it po re R o a d a n d o n e o f t h e j ur o r s a t N un
,

c o ma r s he ma n ifes t ed a g r a t e f ul
’ “
t ri a l r ec o rd s t h a t
,

m i n d by c h eri s hi n g i n h i s o ld a ge h is fo r me r empl o ye r a n d
be n e fa c t o r t he l a t e Go v ern o r H o l w ell
,
”
W es t o n w h o .
,

w a s a n E ur a s i a n h a d been Ho lw ell s med i c a l a p pr e n t i c e

’

, .

a n d lik e h i m h a d c h a n ed hi s p ur s ui t s w h a t c o ul d I
g
e x p ec t fr o m fo l lo w i n t h e m edi ca l pr o fes s i o n w h en I s a w
g
a reg ul a r bred s urgeon a n d s o C l ever a ma n a s M r .

H o l w ell c h a rg e n o mo r e t h a n fi ft y r up ees fo r t h ree mo n t h s

’

”
a t t en d a n c e a n d medi c i n e He w a s o ften h ea rd t o s a y
.

’
t h a t S e ra j ud D o w l a h s fo rbea r a n c e t o H o l w ell a n d t h e
- -

l a t t en s rel ea s e fro m c a p t i v i t y w ere due t o t he i n t e rc es

’

s io n o f t h e N a bo b s l a die s i n s ti ga t ed by t he n a t i v e s o f
’

C a l c ut t a w ho l o v ed H o l w ell fo r h i s ki n d t rea t men t o f

t h e m d uri n h is t en ure o f o ffi c e a s Z emi n d a r
g
.

Th ere h ung un t il r ec en t ly o n o n e o f t he s id e l a n di ng s o f
G o v e r n men t H o us e a q ua i n t p o rtr a i t O f H o l w ell w a tc h i n g ,

t h e pr o g r es s o f t h e bri c k a n d p l a s t er o beli s k w hi c h h e

e rec t ed a t h i s o w n ex p en s e i n me mo ry o f h i s dea d c o m
,

r a d es The a r t is t s n a me i s un k n o w n in s pi t e o f t h e
.
’

s t a t e m en t ma d e b L d D uff ri i h V i r l Li f i
y a y e n n er c e eg a e n

I n di a a n d a l s o by M r H G K een e in fhe D i c t i o n a ry o f
, . . .
460 L U TTA
CA C OLD AN D N EW .

V i n c en t w h o s e i mp ers o n a t i o n o f P o lly P ea c hum i n t he

,

B egg a r s O per a h a d t a ke n L o n d o n by s t o r m S he r e t ur n ed
’
.

w i t h h i m t o I n di a but di ed i n 1 802 a t H a m p s t e a d
,
.

In c o mmen t i n g up o n t h e o ld s ea c a p t a i n s d ea t h w h ic h
’
-
,

t oo k pl a c e in t h e h o mely s ubur b o f C a mde n To w n t he ,

G en t lem a n s M a g a z i n e c a ll ed a t ten t i o n t o t he f a c t t h a t he
’

w a s n o t t h e l a s t s ur v i v o r o f th o s e w h o h a d w i t n e s s e d t h e

s urr en d er o f C a l c ut t a a n d c l a i med t h a t di s t i n c t i o n
,
fo r
“
h i s fell o w pri s o n e r J o h n B urd et t
-
,
l a t e o f E a li n g n o w
, ,

”
a r es id en t a t To t t o n n ea r S o ut h a m p t o n
,
N o r ec o r d o f .

B urd et t s d ea t h h a s w e beli eve been di s c o v er ed a n d in

’

, , ,

t h e a bs e n c e o f a n y ev id en c e t o t h e c on t ra rv he m a y v en

w ell be t h e i n di v id ua l r ef err ed t o i n a l et t er w hi c h a p p e a r ed

i n t h e L o n d o n S ta n d a rd o f J a n ua ry 2l s t 1 889 a n d w h i c h , ,

is q uo t ed by D r B us t eed in t h e l a t es t edi t i o n o f h is b o o k
. .

The a s se r t i o n is t h er e ma d e t h a t in t h e y ea r 1 840 t h e r e
w a s li v i n g i n t h e n ei g h bo urh oo d o f H a s t i n g s i n S us s e x a

m an o f a bo ut o ne h un dr ed yea rs o ld w ho h a d bee n o n e
,

o f t h o s e t hr us t i n t o t he B l a c k H o l e o f C a l c ut t a B urde t t .

a rri v ed in I n di a t o t a k e up h is w ri t er s hip o n t h e 4t h
A ug us t 1 755 a n d in t he o rdi n a ry c o ur s e o f t h i n g s c o ul d
, ,

not h a v e been mo r e t h a n s i x t een y ea r s o f a ge a t t h e

t i me. Th i s w o uld pl a c e t he d a t e o f h is b i r t h i n 1 7 39 ,

a n d t h er e i s n o i n h er en t i m pr oba bili t y i n s e t t i n g h i m d o w n

a s t h e ce n t en a ri a n i n q ue s t i o n He w a s o n e o f C l i v e s
'

O pp o n en t s i n C o un c il in 1 7 65 a n d w a s di s mi s s ed t h e
,

s er v i c e i n c o n s eq uen c e a nd s e n t h o me “ it h E n s i g n
'

VV a lc o t a n d R i c h a rd C o ur t a s en i o r mer c h a n t h e w a s
, ,

Ho lw ell s c o m p a n i o n i n t he t erri bl e j o ur n ey t o M o o rs h id
’

a ba d w hi c h t h ey w er e fo rc ed t o ma k e a s pri s o n er s o f t h e
,

N a bo b . C o urt w a s s ubs eq uen tly n o mi n a t ed t o C o un c i l

 T HE O LD FO R T AN D THE B L AC K HO L E . 46 1

fo r h
be a v n g i ve ry w ell , but w as dr ow n ed in t he

H oo g hly o n t he 7t h M a y 1 758 W a l co t w ho help ed

,
.
,

hi
L us ng o t n w h en d a w n b r o k e t o l oo k fo r th e c o rp s e ( a s

h
t e y s u pp o s ed ) o f H o l w ell w e n t ,t o Ch a n d er n a g o r e o n

h i s r el ea se fr o m M oo rs h ida ba d L a t er he a ppea r s t o
.
,

h a v e s er ved un d er K ilp a t ric k w ho a rriv ed fro m M a dr a s

,

a l mo s t i mmedi a t ely a f t e r D r a k e s fli g ht fr o m C a l c ut t a a n d
’

a s s um ed c o mma n d o f t h e t r oo p s ; but t h e pri v a t i o n s h e

h a d un d ergo n e w er e t oo m uc h fo r h im a n d h e a ppe a r s t o ,

h a v e d i ed a t F ul t a s o me t i me in t he a ut um n o f 1 7 56 .

Th e s to ry of H o l e c a n n o t be di s mi s s ed w i t h o ut
t he B l a c k

a r e feren c e t o th e a t t em p t s w hi c h h a v e bee n ma d e o f
re c en t y ea rs t o demo n s t ra t e t h a t t he e n t i re i n c i den t is a
fi g me n t o f Ho lw e l l s br a i n It ma y be t h a t n o t o n e w o rd
’
.

o n t h e s ubj ec t o f t h e t r a gedy i s t o be fo un d i n t h e c o n

t em po r a ry M a ho meda n w ri t i n gs o r in t h e H i n d o o t r a di

d it io n s o f t he t i me It ma y a l s o be t h a t t he E n g li s h a t
.

F ult a s a n k s o lo w in t h ei r mi s ery a n d t h ei r h unge r t h a t

i n t he c o mpli men t a ry l et t e r t h ey a ddr es s ed t o Ser a j

ud D o w l a h t h ey w er e a bl e t o c o n t en t th ems el v es w i t h
-
,

c o m pl a i n i n g a li t t l e o f t he h a rd us a ge o f t he E n gli s h
H o n o ra ble C o mp a n y a n d h a d n o t a s i n gl e referen c e t o
m a ke t o t he ma s s a c re o f t h ei r fell o w c o un t ry men F i n a lly -
.
,

i t i s ce r t a i n ly t he fa c t t h a t t h e le t t ers o f Cli v e t o S er a j
ud D o w l a h befo r e t he ba t tl e o f Pl a s s ey a re s il en t o n t he
-

ma t t er o f t he B l a c k H o l e a l t h o ugh d w elli n g in d et a il
,

o n t he i n j uri es r ec ei v ed b t h E li h t t h h d s of
y e n
g s a e a n

t h e N a bo b a n d fo r mul a ti n g ma n y c h a r es a a i n s t h i m
g g .

B ut it is n o t t he c a s e a s h a s been g r a v ely a s s ert ed

, ,

t h a t t he fi r s t a n d l a s t a ll us i o n ev er ma d e b
y H o l w ell
 462 CA LC U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

hi ms elf t o t he ev en t i n w hi c h he pl a y ed s o pro m i n e n t a
p a rt is c o n t a i n ed i n t he l et t er o f t h e 28t h da y o f F eb rua ry
, ,

1 757 w ri t t en i n t he r o un dh o us e o f t he n i n et y t o n S l o op
,

w hi c h w a s c o nv eyi n g h i m ho me The re a re n o l es s t h a n
.

fi v e c o n t emp o ra ry s o urc es o f i n fo r ma t i o n o f w h i c h t w o ,

h a v e n o c o n n ec t i o n w i t h H o lw ell Li s t s o f p e rso n s
.

“
kill ed in t he fi g h t i n g a n d i n t he B l a c k H o l e o v e rh ea t ed
”
a n d fo r w a n t o f w a t e r , a s w ell a s t h o s e w h o t o o k re f ug e

a t F ul t a w ere s en t t o E n g l a n d a n d p ubl i s h ed i n t h e E n g
,

li s h a n d Sc o t c h n ew s p a p ers O f t he t i me It is p e rfe c t l v .

w ell k n o w n t h a t O r me w h o w a s i n 1 7 56 a M em b e r o f
-
,

C o un c il a t F o rt S t G eo rge a n d h a d been a w ri t e r i n C a l
.
,

c ut t a pri o r t o t h a t d a t e w r o t e t o ma n y o f t h e a c t o r s i n
,

t h e s c e n es h e pro p o s ed t o d es c ri be a n d O bt a i n ed t h ei r

w ri t t en ev id en c e w hil e a ll t h e ev en t s w e r e f r es h i n t h e ir

mem o ry . Amo n g t h o s e w ho a n s w er ed h i s q ueri es w e re

S ecret a ry C oo k e a n d C a p t a i n M i ll s bo t h a s w e k n o w , , ,

The l a t t er s a c c o un t w ri t t e n
’
s urv i v o r s o f t h e t ra gedy .
,

o n s i x t een p a g es o f a poc k e t bo o k i s s till t o be s een i n

,

o ri g i n a l a mo n g t h e 231 v o l um es o f O r me s C o p e r l a t e
’

p p
ma n us c rip t s i n t h e I n di a O ffi c e Th en w e h a v e t h e c o n
.

t em po r a ry a c c o un t s by W illi a m Too k e a n d G eo rge G r a v .

t w o s er v a n t s o f t h e C o mp a n y w h o w e r e p res en t i n t h e

F o rt d uri n g t he s i ege a n d l a s t ly it h a s o n l y t o be re m e m
,

bered t h a t H o l w ell re fers t o t h e tra gedy i n n o les s t h a n

s ev en l ett er s ,
o f w h i c h s ix w e r e O ffi c i a l a n d th a t h i s fi rs t
,

li s t o f c a s ua l t i es w a s d ra w n up in A ugus t 1 756 o n l y s i x , ,

w eek s a ft e r t he fa t a l n i h t
g T he
. a b s u r d s u p p o s iti o n c a n

be p a s sed o v er t h a t H o l w ell w a s a ll o w ed t o erec t a m o n u

men t in c o mmemo ra t i o n o f t he v i c tim s o f a t r a ed y w h i c h
g
n ev e r t o o k pl a c e : b ut i n fa c e o f t hi
s e v id e n ce it i s i m ,
464 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N Ew .

c ove e r d in t he ex c a v a t i o n s o f 1 89 1 Suc h a s i t w a s it
.
,

rema i n ed t he o ffi c i a l C h urc h o f t he s et t l emen t un t i l the

c o mpl et i o n o f St J o h n s in 1 787 a n d t he c h a pel o ri g i n a lly

’
.
,

i n te n d ed t o be buil t w i t hi n th e n ew F o r t w a s n o t p ro v i ded
un t i l 1 826 B y t h e beg i n n i n g o f 1 7 67 a ll t h e m i l i t a rv
.
,

w er e w i t hd r a w n fro m t he pl a c e in o rd er th a t it m i g h t be
,

c o n ve r t ed i n t o a C us t o m H o us e a n d v a ri o us w a reh o uses
,

a n d o t h e r buildi n g s w e r e e r ec t e d t o a d a p t i t t o it s n ew

D a n i ell s v i ew s s t ill s h o w a c o mplet e ex t eri o r in

’
us es .

1 7 70 : but fro m t hi s t i me o n w a rd s it s fo rt une s s t e a dily

d ec li n ed The riv er g ra d ua lly rec ed ed an d t he ti d e of
.
,

l i fe l e ft i t t o fl o w in o t h e r c h a n ne l s Th e o ld C us t o m.

H o us e a t t he s o ut he rn ex t r emi t y o f t he O ld F o r t dis
a pp ea r ed d uri ng t he r efo r mi ng a d mi n i s t r a t i o n o f t he
M a rq ui s o f H a s t i n gs a n d w i th i t t h e l a s t ves t i g e o f the
,

h i s t o ri c w a ll s w hi c h h a d fo r s o ma n y yea r s r emi n d ed C a l
c o t t a o f a n O ld er a n d h umbl e r o rd er o f t hi n gs The fo un .

d a t i o n s t o n e o f t he N ew C us t o m H o us e w a s l a i d o n
-

F rid a y F ebr ua ry 1 9t h 1 81 9 w i t h i m p o s i n g M a s o n i c c e re
, , ,

mo n i es a n d a ll C a l c ut t a c o n g r a t ul a t ed i t s el f upo n t he
,

v a s t i mpro v emen t t h us eff ec t ed i n t he a pp ea ra n c e o f the

c i ty. F i n a lly i n 1 868 t he o pe n i n g o f t h e G en er a l P os t

,

O ffi c e ba n i s h ed o ut o f s i gh t a n d m in d fo r n ea r ly t h irt y
y ea rs a l l memo ri es o f t he O ld Fo r t a n d o f t he t ra ged y o f
s uff eri n g a n d h umili a t i o n w hi c h it w a s it s fa t e t o w i t n es s .
 C H A P TE R v .

ST JO HN S C H URCH
’
. .

T HE R E a re p ubli c buildi n gs in C a l c utt a ri c h er in thei r

few
m e m o ri es O f bygo n e d a y s t h a n t he old c h urc h o f S t J o h n .
,

t he o ri i n a l p a ri s h c h urc h o f B en g a l V i s it o rs c a n n o t
g .

f a i l t o m a rk t he d emure O ld w o rld edi fic e w hi c h s t a n d s

-

r e t i red fro m th e ro a d a t th e c o r n e r o f C o un c il H o use Str eet

a n d H a s ti n s S t r eet
g a n
, d lik e s o m e C i t y c h ur c h i n m o d e r n

L o n d o n li v es a n d br o od s upo n it s p a s t g l o ri es W i t h t he .

a d v en t i n 1 81 5 o f D r M iddl et o n
. t he fi r s t B i s ho p o f C a l
,

c ut t a ,
it beca me t he c a thed ra l o f t h e s et t l emen t a n d w a s ,

n o t d ep o s ed fr o m i t s prid e o f pl a c e t ill t h e c o n s ec r a t i o n

o f St .P a ul s by B i s h o p W il s o n in O c to ber 1 847
’
, .

It w a s not of c o u se r t he ea rli es t
h urc h in C a l c utt a
C .

T h a t h o n o ur a ppe rt a i n s t o S t An n e s w hi c h s t oo d a t
.
’
.

t h e c o r n e r o f D a lh o us i e S q ua r e a n d Cli v e S t reet o n t h e ,

s po t n o w oc c upi ed by t he oc t a g o n a l eh a mber o f t he B e n a l
'

g
L eg i s l a t i v e C o un c il . Abo ut fi f t y y a rd s fro m Fo r t
W illi a m w ri t es C a pt a i n Al ex a n d er Ha milt o n
”
, s ta nd s ,

t h e c h urc h buil t by the pi o us c h a rity o f m erc h a n t s res id

in g th er e a n d t he Chri s t i a n ben ev o l enc e o f s ea fa ri n g

,
-

men w h o s e a ffa i r s c a ll th em to t r a d e t he re
, Th e s t eepl e .

w a s v e ry l o f t y a n d it is r el a te d
,
ho w mag n i fi c en t w a s
t h e O ld c h urc h t o w hi c h t h e Go ve r n o r o n ev ery S un d a y
,

w a l ked in s o l e mn proc es s i o n a t t en d ed by a ll t he c i v il
,
”
s e rv a n t s a n d a ll t he milita ry o n d ut y B ut S t An n e s
’
. .

l o s t her t a p eri ng s pire in t he f uri o us c yc l o ne o f 1 737 a n d ,

30
466 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N Ew .

i n 1 757 , i t h a red i n the

s g e nr d es truc t ion
e a l of C a l c utta
by th e a r my O f S er a j ud - -
Do w l a h .

The l a s t c h a pl a i n s w h o o ffi c i a t ed i n t he Ch urc h o f St .

An n e w er e t he R ever en d G erv a s Bell a my , s en i o r

l a i n w h o p eri s hed in t he B l a c k H o l e i n t he 30t h y ea r of
,

hi s C h a pl a i n c y a n d t he R ever en d R o be rt M a p let o f t d
, ,

O ld Hi g h Ch urc h S t oc k w ho di ed a mon g t he fug i t ives

-
,

a t F ul t a . Th e rec o rd s o f t h e c h urc h w ere des

”
t he Tr o ubl es but a m on g h is ma n ifo ld
,

h a l f o f t he C h urc h he l o v ed s o w ell M r Hyd e n ow A rd fl , .

,

d e a c o n o f M a dra s a n d fro m 1 888 t o 1 899 c ha pla i n

, ,

J o h n s ha s h a d th e w h o l e O f th em t ra n sc ri bed f ro m
’
,

c a t es di sc ov er ed by hi m a t t he I n di a O ffi ce The .

R eg i s t er s a re n o w t h e r efo r e c o mp le t e fro m 1 7 1 3 o
A li st o f t h e s en i o r a n d j un i or c ha pl a i n s o f t he
fro m J o h n E v a n s o f J es us C o ll ege O x f o rd , a nd ,

s uc c e s s i vel y o f B a n g o r a n d o f M ea th w ho a rri ved in ,

Be n g a l i n 1 6 78 t o t he pre se n t da y i s pres e rve d i n t he

,

V es t ry roo m o f S t J o h n s
’
- .
.

’
Th e pl a ce o f S t An n e s w a s a ft er a w hil e t a ke n
.

Ch a p el buil t o n t h e s out h o f t he E a s ter n g a t ew a y o f t he

O ld F o r t a n d a but t i n g on t h e s i te o f t he B l a c k Ho le B ut .

fo r t h ree y ea r s a f te r t he r ec o ve ry o f t he fa c t o ry P ro te s b ,

a n t C a l c ut ta w o r s hipped i n t h e P o rt u ues e Ch urc h o f our

g
L a dy o f t he R os a rv a t M o o rghih a t t a .

t ut es w e r e pr o po s ed fr o m ti me t o ti me .

s t o o d be fo re t h e s a c k a t t he c o m er o f M i s si o n R ow a nd
,

L a ll Ba z a r w a s o n e o f t h es e
,
W e a re t ol d s ay t he:
"
.
,

C o urt o f D i rec t o r s in t h eir p ubli c l ette r of M a rch 3rd.

“
1 7 58 , t h a t t h e buildi n g fo r merly ma d e us e o f as a
 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

rec ei v ed li t t le mo re th a n a w es te r n en c lo s i n g w a i l a n d a
”
c o v eri n g Thi s ma ke s hift
. c h a p el o f t he O ld F o rt as ,

i t w a s c al l ed s erved a s t he Pr es id enc y Ch urc h fo r t w e n ty

,

s eve n y ea r s t he c h a pe l d es i g n ed i n t h e n ew F o r t
, n ot

bei n g pr o v ided un t il 1 826 It s r oo f w hi c h w a s o f high

.
,

i t h a n un us ua l a rc hi t ec t ur a l fea t ur e i n Be n a l a t t ha t
p c , g
t ime is s h o w n in t w o O f D a n i ell s v i ew s t a k en a b o ut t he
,
’

y ea r 1 785 Like t h e ed ific e w hic h s uc c ee d ed it a n d s e rved

.

fo r s o l o n g as t he C a t h ed ra l it w a s d edi ca t ed t o S t J o hn
, .

t he B a p t i s t a n d bo t h c h ur c h a n d c h a pe l w e re c o n s ec r a t e d on

h is n a me da y H o l w ell w a s a ma s o n o f hi gh ra n k a n d a t
.
,

t he t i me o f t h e c o ns t ruc t i o n a n d t he op en i n g O f t h e c h a pel ,

he w a s pen d i n g t he a rri v a l o f V an s i t t a r t
, Pres id en t i n t he ,

B a y a n d G o v e r n o r a n d C o mma n de r in Chi e f fo r F o rt - -

W illi a m in B en g a l fo r t h e U n i ted E a s t I n di a C om p a n y
a n d i t w a s a n o ld O pi n i o n t h a t t he Cr a f t w h o ma d e l i be ra l ,

c o n t ri but i o n s t o w a rd s t he c o s t w e re t he s ugges t o rs o f t he
,

na me .

I n 1 7 70, t h e re rri v ed in C a l c ut t a a s c h a pl a i n W i ll i a m
a , ,

J ohnso n F a t e ha s o rd a i n ed t h a t t he f a me o f t h i s w o rt hy
.

s ho uld s urvi v e a s t he fo ur t h a n d l a s t h us ba n d O f t h e m uc h

ma rri ed B eg um J o h n s o n w ho li es buri ed in t h e O ld
c h urc hy a rd : but j us t i c e d ema n d s h is c o mmemo r a ti o n a s

t he m a n t o w h o m C a l c ut t a r e a lly o w es th e c h urc h O f
’
St J oh n s
. .

S ix y ea rs rri v a l he pet i t i o n ed t he C o un c il t o
a tef r h is a ,

pro v id e a per ma ne n t buildi n g i n li eu o f th e On ly a p o

l ogy fo r a pl a ce O f w o r s hi p w h i c h ha d ex c i t ed t h e i re o f
M rs Ki n d ers ley
. F o r s ev en l o n g ye a rs t he p ro j ec t w a s
.

s h el v ed by t he C o ur t o f D ir ect o r s : a n d it w a s n o t un ti l
 ’
S T. JO HN S C HU R C H. 469

1 7 82 , t h a t it fi n a lly t oo k h a pe N o th o ug ht w a s en te r
s .

t a i n ed O f buildi n g o n t h e O ld s i t e o f S t A n n e s The s p o t
’
. .

m us t h a v e been s t ill tr a c ea bl e w hen J o h n s o n fi r s t o pen ed

h i s a tt a c k fo r t he l a n d w a s c er t a i n ly lyi n g un o c c up i ed
,

i n 1 7 79 a n d w a s a c t ua lly t re a te d by t he C o un c il a s c o o ma r
,

o r w a s te a n d s o t he a bs o l ut e pr o pe r t y o f t he C o mp a n y
,
.

B ut J o h n s o n preferr ed n o r eq ues t fo r i t a n d o n N o v embe r

1 8t h O f t h a t y ea r t h e w ho le w a s g r a n t ed by a p o tt a h t o
,

M r Th o ma s Lyo n s a n d t h e pres en t W ri t er s B uildi n g s

.
,

w e r e erec t ed th er eo n An o t h er s i t e ho w ev er w a s s p eedily
.
, ,

m a d e a v a il a bl e by t h e i n fl uen c e O f \V a rren H a s ti ng s w ho ,

t oo k t he k een es t i n te r es t i n t h e s c he me fo r a ne w c h urc h

f r o m i t s i n c e pt i o n .

O n Apri l 3rd , 1 782, t he M a h a r a j a h N uhki s s en c onve yed

to H a s t i ng s fo r t he s um o f s i c c a r up ees t he O ld
P o w d er M ag a z i n e Y a rd w h i c h h a d been s o ld by t he

C o mp a n y a t pri v a t e a uc t i o n o n J a n ua ry 1 1 t h 1 77 4 ,
Th e .

l a n d w a s O ffered by H a s t in g s t o t he B uildi ng C o mmi t t ee ,

a n d a w e ek bef o r e he res i g n ed h is o ffi c e O f Go v er n o r
G en er a l i n 1 785 b e fo r ma lly ma d e i t o v er t o a pe rpe t ua l
,

s uc c es s i o n o f t rus t ees i n t rus t fo r t he p urp o s e o f bui ldi ng

,

a C h urc h . Ac c o rdi n g t o t he o ri g i n a l n o ti c e o f s a l e t he ,

p pr o e rt y w a s n e a rly a s q ua r e o f o n e h un d r e d y a rd s I t .

’
i s repres en t ed t o da y by t he w h ol e o f t he pres en t S t J o h n s
-
.

c o m po un d ea s t o f t h e C h urc h t o e t h e r w i t h t he p ubli c
g
foo t w a y bey o n d t he c o mp o un d w a l l O n t he n o r t h w h ere
.
,

t he E n g li s h ma n pr es s n o w i n c es s a n tly p ul s a t es w a s t he ,

h o us e O f t he h ea d s urgeo n o f t h e Pres id e n c y H o s pi t al a n d ,

a h o us e oc c upi ed by C a t a in Ho O t h uth w
p g n .e s o as

a r a n ge O f g od o w n s w h e r e a l o n li e f u t t w t ri d
, g n o g a n o s o e -
470 C ALC U TTA AN D N EW .

b ui ldi n g s hid es t he v i e w fro m H a s t i ngs S t r eet In t h e .

c en t r e w a s t he d i s us ed m a g a z i n e a ma ss i ve c i rc u ,l a r bri c k
e r ec t i o n o f s i x t y fee t d i a met e r a n d e x a c t ly w h ere t h e n e a r
,

p a rs on ag e h o us e n o w s t a n d s the re w a s a t a n k o f a bo ut
o n e h un dr ed fee t s q ua re On th e w e s t w a s t he o ld b ury
.
,

i n g g ro un d w h e r e la y t he bo n es n o t o n ly O f Job C ha rn o c k .
-
,

a l w a y s a fa i t hf ul ma n t o hi s C o m a n y ( a s h i m a t r s
p s s e

g r a t e f ully w r o t e o f h i m a f te r h i s d ea t h ) b u t O f Ad m i ra l ,

W a t s o n t h e li be ra t o r o f C a l c ut t a a n d ca pt ure r o f Ch a n d a
,

o re n d O f a h o s t O f unrc me mbe nw w o rt h i es n b
na
g , a s o a s

S ir J o h n G o ld s bo r o ug h t he pl a n ne r o f O ld Fo rt “ i ni a l “ .
,
f

a n d G o ve r n o r R o be rt H ed es ph w f t he a u t h o r o f t h e
g n e e o ,

D i a ry w ho
, a f t e r a s i c k n e s s o f n i ne d a y s
,
depa rte d t h i s ,

life a t betw een s i x a nd s even o c l oc k on t he ev en i n g o f ' ”

D ec embe r 28t h , a n d by h is o w n w i s h lies in a

n a me l e s s g r a v e .

i t e t h us s ec ured t he a ppro pri a ten es s of w h i c h

a s ,

c o uld n o t be g a i n s a id C ha pl a i n J o h n s o n s et t o wo rk w i th
,

r e n e w ed e n ergy t o c o l lec t t he f un d s A g re a t l o t t ery w as .

o rg a n i s ed i n 1 7 84 w hi c h w a s t he ra g e o f t he s et t l emen t fo r
,

fi v e mo n t h s : a n d a s um o f mo re t h a n rupees w a s

re a li z ed I n t he me a n t i me Li e ut e n a n t Ag
.
,
o f the Ben g a l ,

E ng i n ee r s w h o ha d O ff e red h i s s e r v i c es a s a rc hi tec t h a d
. ,

been b us ily a t: w o rk a n d o n April 8t h o f the sa me y ea r. th e

,

foun d a ti o n s t o n e w a s re a dy t o be l a id The Go vern m

-
.
e

G en er a l be i n g a w a y up c o un try M r E d w a rd Wh eler th e
-
,
.
,

S e n i o r Me mbe r O f Co un c il g a ve a public br ea kfa st i n th e

,

mo rn i n g a t t h e O ld C o urt H o us e a t w hic h sa y s t he , ,

G a z et te ,
w e re pr es e n t t he o t he r me mbe rs of Co unc il
"
a n d ma n y o f t he pri n c ip a l i n h a b it a n t s O f C a lc utta A .
47 2 L
C A C UTTA O L D AN D n ew .

i t mus t h a v e been fo r t hi s rea s on ( a cc o rdi ng t o M r h yde) .

th a t t he idea w a s a ba n d o ned a n d the fo un da ti o ns o f t he

,

ed i fi ce l a id w h o lly ( un les s t he ea s t er n p o rt i co be e x c e p t ed)

w i thi n t he li mi t s o f t he o ld buryi ng g ro un d w i t h t he a
,

S pi r e a s i t n o w s t a n d s a t t h e w es t a n d th e m ag a z i n e y a rd
-
, , ,

a s a fr o n t a g e t o t he eas t .

O n t h e 8th M a y , 1 787 , t h e ne w c h urc h b ei ng th en n e a rly

"
c o mpl et e , a g e n e r a l v es t ry o f t he i n h a bi t a n t s o f C al

c ut t a w as he ld t o re es ta bli s h t he p a ri s h o rg a ni z a fi m
-

t h e mi n ut es o f thi s mee t i n g t he ex i s ti ng s er i e s o f

mo d e r n v es t ry proc eedi ngs o p en s Th e meet i ng w a s p m

.

s id ed o v e r by L o rd C o r n w a l li s t he G o v erno r Gen era l w h o

,
-

h a d a rri ved i n I n di a the pr ev i o us y ea r a n d t he re w e re ,

t en g en t l e me n pr e s en t bes ides t he c h a pl a in s Up t o t h is .

t i me t he re h a d be en o n e c h urc h w a rd en fo r the pa ri s h w h ic h

t hen c o mp ri s ed t he w h o l e B eng a l Pres id en c y a n d on e

s id e s ma n It w a s n o w re so l ved t h a t t h e re s ho ul be tw o
.
d
c h ur c h w a rd en s a s i n a n E ng li s h p a ri s h
,
a n d tw o s i des ,

men w h o w er e t o q ua li fy by t a ki ng oa t h in t he S up ra n e
,

C o urt : a n d t h es e e l ec t ed by the gen er a l v es try w it h t h e

t w o c h a pl a i n s h en c efo r t h c o n s ti t ut ed t he s el ec t ves t ry .

In t h ei r h a n d s w er e pl a c ed t he a d mi n i s t r a t i o n o f t he fun d s
and a ff a i rs o f t he c h urc h ao -
a rr a n g eme n t un iq ue i n
B en g a l —a n d t h ey w e r e a l s o e x ofii c i o G o ve rno rs o f t h e
-

F ree Sc h oo l a n i n s t it uti o n o ri gi n a ti n g o ut o f a Ch a ri ty
,

F un d a s o ld a s t he d a y s o f S t An n e s
’
. .

Th e w o rk r uc t i on o cc upi ed f ully t h ree ya m :

of const

a n d t he c e re mo n y o f co n s ec r a ti o n w a s w i t nes s ed li t d
f -o r
C o rn w a l l i s w ho h a d bro ugh t o ut w i th
,

l eg a l i n s tr umen t s un d er t he s ea l o f
 47 3
’
S T. J O HN S C HU R C H .

C a n t e r bury The da y fi x ed fo r t he s o lemn i t y w a s S un d a y ,

.

t he 24t h o f J une , 1 787 , bei n g t h e n a ti v i t y o f S t J o h n t h e .

B a pti s t . Th e Go ve r n o r Gen er a l -
i h hi m t
a t en d ed ,
a nd w t

t h e m ember s o f C o un c il a n d t he J ud ges o f t h e S upre me

C o ur t a n d , a v e ry n ume ro us a n d r es p ec t a bl e c o m p a n y
”
o f l a di es a n d gen t l eme n a s t he o ffi c i a l rep o r t t ell s us
,
.

And so t he c h urc h of St . J oh n ca me i n t o
i s t en c e A s ex .

S i r J o h n S h o re h a s p ut it A p a g a n ga v e t he g r o un d
,

a l l c h a ra c t er s s ubs c ri bed : l o t t eri es c o n fi s c a t io n s do n a

, ,

t i o n s rec ei v ed c o n t r a ry t o l a w w er e e mpl o y ed i n c o mpl et

i ng i t . The C o mp a n y c o n tri but ed but li tt l e : n o g rea t

r oo f th ey t hi n k t h e mo r a l s o f th ei r s e rv a n t s c o n n ec t ed
p
w i t h rel i g i on Th e c h ur c h ha s ex t er n a lly un d erg o ne
.

li t t l e a l t er a t i o n I n t h e V e s t ry is a c o py o f a dr a w i n g o f
.

t h e e n t ir e edi fi c e t a k en i n 1 788 by D a n i ell a n d a n o t he r ,

t a k e n i n 1 7 95 fro m t h e s a me s po t by W illi a m B a i lli e .

Th es e s h o w t he c h urc h t o h a v e been o ri g i n a lly a s a t p re

s en t w i t h t h e e x c ep t i o n o i t he w id e p o r t i c oes o n t h e n o rt h
,

a n d s o ut h w hi c h w e re er ec t ed i n 1 81 1 d uri ng t h e Go ve r ,

n o r G en er a l s hip o f L o rd M i n t o a n d t he c a rri a g e p o rc h a t
-
,

t h e w es t a n d t h e s a c r a ri um a t t h e ea s t en d bo t h o f w hi c h ,

w e r e a dd ed w i t hi n t he pr es en t gen e ra t i o n .

The c hi ef
r i n o ld en d a y s w a s i n t he middle o f
en t a n c e

t h e ea s t ern w a ll I f y o u w er e a p er s o n o f fa s hi o n ( s a y s
.

M r H yde) y et did n o t c hoo se t o go t o c h urc h in y o ur

.
,

y ell o w c h a ri ot y o u w o uld a rri v e i n a n ea t s ed a n c h a ir

,
-

g l e a m i n g w i t h b l a c k l a c q uer Y o u b r o ug h t a.t l ea s t

s ev en se rv a n t s w i t h y o u fo ur c h a i r bea rer s
, t w o run n i n g ,

foo t men w i t h s pea r s a n d o n e K i t t es ol boy t o h o ld a p a r a s o l

o v e r y o ur h ea d I f yo u h a d o ffic i a l ra n k y o ur s il v er ma ce
.
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

w ou ld o c c upy t he s er v i c es o f a t l ea s t a n o t h e r r un n er .

Al i g h t i n g a t t he g rea t ea s te r n s t a i rc a s e o f Ch un a r s t o n e ,

y o u a s c e n d ed u n d e r t he s c r ee n o f y o u r h u g e p a i n t e d p a ra

s o l t o a t il e d p a v ed t e rr a ce ben ea t h t he ea s t e r n
-
po rti co .

H ere a s en t ry w i t h a fi reloc k g ua rded the en tr a n c e Ac k .

n o w ledg i n g h is s a l ut e y o u f o un d y our s el f in a w ide n a rrow

v es t i bul e a n d a t t he ba c k o f t he s h a ll o w c urved rec es s t h a t

,

e n c l o s ed t he a l t a r T h i i l s n b li s h e d un til
( . s v e s t b u e w a o t a o

To t he ri g h t a n d t he l eft w e r e s t a i rm s es l ea di ng
up t o t he d o o r s o f t he g a ll e ri es . Pa s s i n g un d e r o n e of
t h es e s t a ir c a s es i n t o t he i n t eri o r y o u s a w th a t t he a l t a r
,

w a s s et i n a n a p s e a n d o n a p a v emen t o f w hit e C h i n es e

ma r bl e . Abo v e it h un g Z o ffa n y s pic t ure o f t he La s t

’ ’

S up pe r a n d i t w a s pro tec t ed by a c urv ed r a ili n g

, . The
bo dy o f t h e c h ur c h w o uld be fo un d p a v ed w i t h bl a c k o r
bl ue g rey ma r bl e a n d o c c upi ed by t he p ew s o f t h e h um bler
-

member s o f t he c o ng reg a t i o n a n d pe r s o n s o f t he l o w er
o ffi c i a l r a n k s Th es e p ew s pro ba bly a ll fa ced n o rt h a nd
.

s o ut h o n ei t h e r s id e o f a b ro a d c en t r a l a i s l e . The t a ll p ulpi t
w i t h t he re a di n d k t d i fr t f t h e w s t er n a l l e ry
g es s o o n o n o e g
-
,

w hi c h w a s o n ly j us t la r e en o u h t o c o n t a i n t he o r a n a nd
g g g
s i n g er s a n d a t t he a n l es o f t hi s a ll ry w r t h w f
, g g e e e e p e s o

t he c h a pl a i n s fa mili es a n d o f t he c h urc h w a rd en s a n d s i d es
’

me n . The ha n d s o me c o l umn s s up po r t i ng t he ga ll eri es a nd

t he ro o f w ere t h en o f t h e pl a i n D o ri c s t yle li k e t h os e o f ,

t h e e x t eri o r They w ere co n v er t ed in t o t h e C o rin t h i a n in

.

1 81 1 .

O n t he t h a n d s o ut h w ere a l so g a ll er ie s w hi ch in
nor

t h o s e d a y s w e re fo r t he ex c l us i v e a c c o mm o d a ti o n o f t he
”
q ua li t y I n t he mid s t o f t he n o rth ern ga ll e ry w a s t h e
.
476 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

o ne o f t he merc h a n t pri n c es
C a l c ut t a r ui n ed by t he
of ,

fi n a n c i a l d é ba c l e o f 1 836 I n t he s t eepl e h un g t he b e ll
.
,

d a t ed 1 7 7 7 n o w c ra c ked a l mo s t in h a lf Thi s h a d p ro
,
.

ba bly been br o ug h t fr o m t h e Ch a pel i n t he O ld F o r t .

Ther e w a s a cl oc k a l s o in t h e s te epl e but i t w a s l o w er ,

in o ld en d a y s t h a n i t i s n o w The t o w er i s built o f Ch un a r
.

s t o ne a n d h en c e a ri s es t he l o c a l n a me o f P a t t h a ree G irj a
,

o r S t o n e Ch urc h by w hi c h t h e edi fi c e i s s till k n o w n .

Th e V es t ry ro o m o f S t J o h n s is w ell w o r t h a v i s i t
-
.
’
.

The ri c hly c h a s ed c o mm un i o n pl a t e w a s t he g ift o f

-

th e E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y a n d h a s bee n i n us e fo r mo re
,

th a n a c en t ury E q ual ly n o tew o r t hy fro m th eir a n tiq ui t y

.

a re t he c h ur c hw a rd en s s t a v es
’
w h ich h a v e ma n y a ,

time been bo r n e i n fro n t o f t he Gov er n o r-G en e ra l w h en

h e w o r s hi pped i n s t a t e a n d w e re o n ly empl o y ed up o n s uc h
oc c a s i o n s I n t he o ri g i n a l r eg i s t er ma y be s een t h e en t ry
'

ma d e by Ch a pl a i n J o h n s o n o f t he ma r ri a ge o n J uly l ot h ,

1 777 of M i s s V a rl e o f Ch a n de r n a go re a n d M r G eo rg e
'

.
,

F r a n c i s G r a n d w ri t er i n t he Ho n b le C o mp a n y s s e r
’ ’

vi ce — t he beg i n n i n g o f t he c h eq ue r ed life s hi s t o ry o f t he
’

“
Q ueen o f G a n ges Q ueen o f S ei n e , w ho f a s c i n a t ed

J un i us in C a l c ut t a a n d r ea pp ea red i n P a ri s a s Ta lleyr a n d s ’

Pri nc es s I m medi a te ly bel o w by t he s t r a nges t o f c o in c i

.
,

d euc es t h e un i o n is rec o rd ed o n A ug us t 8t h o f W a rren

, ,

Ha s t i ng s w i t h A n n a M a ri a A po ll o n i a C h a p us et t in
-
”
hi s ,

d ea res t M a ri a n t he bea ut i ful M rs I mh o ff B o t h t h es e

, . .

w eddi n g s w e re perfo r med a t pri v a t e r es id en c es t h e l a t t er , ,

i t m a y be a t H a s ti n g s r es i d en c e a t t he co r n er o f O ld C o urt
,
’

Ho us e S t r eet a n d E s pl a n a de R o w Th ere a re t w o o th er .

e n t ri e s i n t he r eg i s te r o f w h i c h t h e v i s i t o r w il l be g l a d t o
 ST . J O HN ’

S CH U RC H . 47 7

s ec u er a li mp e — t h ose w hi c h rec o rd t he ma rri a g es o f

g s

W illi a m M a kep ea ce Th a c ker a y s p a ren t s a n d g r a n dp a ren t s ’

Syl h et Th a c k e r a y w ho bo re t he s a me Chri s t i a n n a mes

a s h i s g r a n d so n a n d w h o c a me o ut t o I n di a i n 1 766 in t h e
,

s a me s hi p a s M a d a m G r a n d s f ut ur e h usb a n d w as ma rri ed
’

in S t J o h n s Ch urc h o n J a n ua ry 3l s t 1 7 76 t o M i s s Ameli a
’
.
, ,

R i c h mo n d “ ebb a de s c en d a n t o f t he Ge n era l W ebb o f

'

W y n en d a el fa me w ho is i m mo rt a li z ed in E s mo n d Thei r
'

.
,

s ec o n d s o n R i c h mo n d w a s t h e n o ve l i s t s f a t h er a n d w a s
’

m a rri ed i n h is t ur n o n t h e 1 3t h O c t o be r 1 81 0 t o t h e
, , ,

d a ug h t er o f J o h n H a r ma n Bec h er a ki n s ma n o f t he R i c h a rd ,

B ec h er w ho s h a red w i t h h is w i fe t h e a go n i es o f t he fli ght
t o F ul t a a n d w a s t he c o ll ea g ue in C o un c il o f Cli v e a n d

H o l w ell in t he h a ppie r d a y s w hi c h fo ll o w ed i t F i v e .

y e a r s l a te r R i c h mo n d Th a c ke ra y w a s bo r n e t o h is l a s t
,

re s t i n g pl a c e i n t h e N o rt h P a rk S t r eet buryi n g g r o un d
- -
.

A m o n g o t h e r a rc hi ve s i s s t ill pres e rv ed a l et t er in t h e
s c h o l a rly h a n d o f S i r W i lli a m J o n es s et t i n g o ut t h e ,

r ea s o n s w hy h e a n d h is bro t h er j us t i c es o f t he S upre me -

C o urt d ec li n ed t o s ubs c ri be t o t h e fun d fo r t he buildi ng

o f St .J o h n s : a n d y et a n o t her i n w hi c h ma y be rea d in
’

H a s t i n g s o w n phr a s es h is mo de s t a c c ep t a n c e o f t he
’
,

c o mpli men t p a id to h i m by i n s c ri bi n g h i s n a me o n t h e

fi rs t s t o n e o f t he new c h urc h O n t h e w a ll s o f t he V es t ry
.

ro o m a re pi c t ur es o f t he c h urc h a t v a ri o us s ta ges o f i t s

h i s t o ry a n d po r t ra i t s o f c h a pl a i n s s uc h a s J o h n E v a n s
, ,

a n d M a p let o ft a n d J o hn s o n a n d o f ben ef a c t o r s s uc h a s
,

C h a rl es W e s t o n t he fri en d a n d pa tro n o f H o l w ell a n d

, ,

C ha rl e s S e a ly fi r s t ,
R e g i s t r a r o f t h e S u pr em e C o u rt a n d

a n c es t o r o f a V ic e n o y i n t h e p e r s o n o f L o rd N o r t h b roo k .

To t h e fo s t e ri n
g c a r e o f M r Hyd e i s d
. ue ma n y o f th es e
478 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

a d o rn men t s , d es ire t o k no w mo re a bo ut t he C al
a n d a ll w ho

c ut t a o f peri w ig s a n d p a t c he s , o f h o o ka h burden a nd -

p a ra s ol bea rer s o f Ho lw ell a nd F r a nci s , a re h ea rt ily rec o m

,

mend ed t o p urc ha s e fi r s tly , a Copy o f D r B us t eed s fa s c i

’
.
,
”
n a t i ng E c h oes fro m O ld C a l c utta , a n d s ec o n dly a co py ,

o f Mr Hyd e s n o l es s i n di s pen s a bl e C hr o n i cl es o f th e
.
’

P a ri s h o f Ben ga l Th e ill us t r a ti on s w ith w h i c h M r

. .

Hyd e s boo k is a d o r n ed a re a n a ll po w erf ul l ure i n th em

’
-

s el v es , fo r they r epr o d uc e a ll th a t i s n o t a bl e a mo ng t h e
trea s ures w i t h w hi c h t he V es t ry ro o m o f h is old c h urc h i s
-

e n ri ched .

On e ith er s id e o f t he w es ter n ga ll ery o f t he c h urc h a re

ped es t a l s i n t en d ed , a s t he i n s c rip t i o n s upo n t h em a s s ert
, ,

t o s e rv e a s memo ri a l s o f Lo rd C o r n w a ll i s a n d L o rd M i n t o ,
”
t h e Gove r n o r s Gene r a l -
un d er w h o s e a us pi c es ,
,
i n 1 7 87
a n d 1 81 1 res pec t i vely , t h e o ld c a t hedra l w a s fo un de d a n d
,

c o n s ec r a te d
”
a nd
“
en l a rged a n d i mpr ov ed W h il e
.
,

h o w ever t he pe d es t a l o n t he n o rth w hi c h bea r s t h e n a me

,

o f L o rd C o r n w a lli s i s s ur mo un t ed by h is bus t t he o t h e r
,

i s ba re a n d un a d o r n ed Th e ex pl a n a t i on fo r t he i n v i di o us
.

co n tr a s t t h us p re s en t e d m u s t b e s o u g ht i n t h e V e s t ry
r ec o rd s fo r t he y ea r 1 897 The bus t o f L o rd M i n t o w h i c h
.

t
s oo d u p o n t h e p e d e s t a l t o t h e s o ut h w a s o v e r t h r o w n

d uri n g t he ea r th q ua ke o f th a t yea r : a n d w a s s o c o m

I t is n o t t he ly mo n u m
on e n t th a t h a s v a n i s h ed Ch a n .

trey s fi n e s t a t ue o f B i s h o p H eber o n h is k nees fo r me rl y

’
,

s t oo d i n t h e E a s t er n p o rt i c o ( behi n d t h e s p o t w h e r e t he

a l t a r h a s; n o w been pl a c ed a n d w a s a p ro mi n en t o bjec t fr o m
)
 480 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

a nd fi n a lly t o it s
pres en t pl a c e o v er t he ga ll ery . B ut , as

f a r a s t h e c o n di t i o n o f t he p a i n t i ng is c o n c e rn ed , t h e re is

li t t l e c a us e o f c o mpl a i n t t o da y : fo r it a ppea r s
-
t o be in
a n ex c el len t s t a t e o f pre s erva t i o n .

All t he fi g ures i n t he pi c t ure a re s a id t o h a ve been p a i nt

ed fro m life , p a r t o f t h e fi g ure fr o m o ne p e r s on a n d a rt
p
fr o m a noth er : a n d h ere s eems n o r ea s o n t o d o ub t t he
fa c t fo r t he f a c es a re q ui t e un id ea li z ed a n d s o me o f t h em
,

a re c o m mo n pl a c e t o a de ree T he id t i t y f t h ri
g .e n o e o

g i n a l s i s n o t e a s y t o es t a bli s h T h e A
. p os t l e s a re a s s e rt ed
t o be o r t r a i t s o f l ea di n g merc ha n t s o f t h e c i t y : a nd
p
F a t h e r P a r t h en i c a G ree k c l e rg y ma n w ell k n o w n a t t he
,
-

t i me is s t a t ed t o h a v e s a t fo r t he fi g ure o f t h e S a v i o ur
,
.

The di s c ipl e J o h n w ho is l ea n i n g upo n h is s h o ul d e r is

, ,

d ec l a red t o be M r B la c q uire fo r ma n y yea r s a p o li c e

.
,

ma gi s t r a t e . I f t hi s be t he c a s e t h e s el ec t i o n mus t be
,

a dj ud g e d t o be a n i n a ppro pri a t e o n e fo r J o h n C l a rk
,

M a r s h ma n in h is bi o g r a phy o f C a r ey t he elder M a rs h ,

ma n a n d W a rd d es c ri bes B la c q ui re a s a B ra h ma n i z ed
'

E uro p ea n n o t o ri o us fo r his h o s t ili t y t o C h ri s t i a n i t y a n d

h is i n di ff er en t C h a r a c t er A ro un d t he ide n t i t y o f J ud a s
.

I s c a ri o t q ui te a m i n i a t ure c o n t ro ver s y ha s ra ged I t is .

rema rk a bl e t h a t h is i s t he mo s t pr o m i n en t fig ure i n t h e
middl e g r o un d t he o t h er a p o s t l es a n d Chri s t oc c up y i n g
,

t he ba c kg r o un d .The i n t e res t i s C l ea rly i n t en d ed t o c e n t re

o n t h e be t r a y e r up o n w h o s e c o un t en a n ce th e co n fl i c t o f
,

p a s s i o n a n d t he s t rife w i t hi n h im a re m a rkedly po rt ra y ed .

The re a re s o me n o t a bly a c o rres po n d en t w ri t i ng i n t h e

,

S t a t es ma n in 1 888 un d er t h e n a me o f Ga mi n de B un
”
Ac c o rd w ho a w a rd t h e di s ti n c t i o n o f s upplyi n t h i
, g e o r
 s e. J O HN '
S CH URCH. 481

g i na l of J ud a s r t a i n E ng li s h res id e n t a t t he C o urt
to a ce

of w h o h a d ma d e hi ms e lf p a r t i c ul a rly di sa g ree
‘

a bl e bo th t o t he N a w a b a n d t he p a i n te r a n d w a s ma d e

t o fi g ure n o t o n ly a s J ud a s in t he C a l c ut t a pi c t ure but a s ,

a pr o m i n en t fi g ure i n a l ew d fr es c o w hi c h w a s t he w o rk o f ,

Z o fl a n y a n d w a s d efa c ed a l o n g w i t h o t h er s o f a s i mil a r
'

, ,

c ha r a c t e r by o rd e r o f S i r R o be rt M o n tg o mery in 1 858
,
. .

T he i n fo r m a t i o n s o g i v en is s a id t o be t a k e n f ro m» a boo k
The D i a ry o f a n E ng li s h ma n a t t h e C o ur t o f
“
e n t i t l ed

O udh w hi c h c a me i n to t he h a n d s o f t h e S ta t es ma n s
’

c o rr es p o n d en t d uri n g t he c o urs e o f a s ea v o y a ge An d -
.

t h e di a ry is f ur t h e r q uo t ed a s s t a t i n g t h a t a l t h o ug h s uc h ,

c t ur es ma ke o n e a s h a med o f h is
“
p i s p ec i es s t ill t he ,

r s o n s o g i bbe t ed ri c hly d ese rv ed t h e t re a t men t fo r lik e

p e ,

h i s pro t o typ e J ud a s I s c a ri o t he a ft e rw a rd s c o mmitte d ,

s ui c id e
H
I f t hi s c o n j ec t ure be c o rr ec t t he p o rtra i t ma y
.
,

b e s et d o w n — w i h
t s o m e m ea s ure o f s a fe y
t — a s tha t of a

c e rt a i n M r P a ul ] a s erv a n t o f t he C o mp a n y He w a s
.
, .

r o m o t ed t o b e R e s id en t a t t he C o ur t o f O udh b
y t h e
p
M a rq ues s W ell es l ey but rep a id h i m w i t h g ro s s i n g ra ti
'

t ud e . Fo r o n h is r et urn t o E n g l a n d he bec a me a membe r

o f P a rli a men t a n d a t t a c k ed t he p o li c y o f L o rd W ell es l e y

w i t h g rea t s ev eri t y O n t he di s s o l ut i o n o f P a rli a men t

.
,

h o w e v e r he lo s t h is s ea t a n d s h o r t ly a f t e rw a rd s c o m
, ,

m i t t ed s ui c id e ea rly in t he pres en t c e n t ury O t h ers .

,

a ga i n fi n d t he o ri g i n a l o f J ud a s i n M r Tullo h a w ell
, .
,

k n o w n C a l c ut t a a uc t i o n eer o f t h e p eri o d a n d t he s t o r
y ,

s t h a t t he v i c t i m s o ug ht t he pro t ec t i o n o f t he la w
g o e .

B ut a c a re ful s ea rc h i n t he rec o rd s o f t he S upreme C o urt

f o r t h e yea rs 1 7 86 o r 1 787 o r w ith i n t he n ex t few yea rs
'
'

h a s fa il ed t o b ri n g t o li g ht t he t r a c es o f a n y s uc h s uit
31
'
482 CA L C U TTA ow AN D N EW .

bet w een Tullo h a nd Z o ffa n y Th ere w a s i t ma y be n o t ed

.
, ,

n o t hi n g un us ua l i n t h e c o n d uc t o f Z o fi a n y i n t h us us i ng
'

h is pen c il t o g r a t ify pri v a t e di s lik e At o n e t i me a m e m be r

.

o f t he R o y a l Ac a d e my h e g rea t ly s c a n d a li z ed E n g l i s h
,

r o y a l t y by p a i n t i n g a pi c t ure i n 1 7 74 e n t i t l ed t he L i fe
Sc h o o l ,
i n w hi c h h e i n t ro d uce d a po r t r a i t o f t he Q uee n
a s s he w a s w h en Pri n ces s o f M ec kl en burg a n d a n o t h er

o f a s upp o s ed a d mi r e r o f he r s The c o n seq ue n c e o f t h i s

.

o ut bur s t o f ma li c e pro v o k ed
,
it w a s s a id by s o m e a c t i o n
, ,

o f t he Q uee n w hi c h o ffe n d ed h i m w a s t h a t Z o fl a n y f o un d
'

i t c o n v en i en t t o l ea v e E n g l a n d He c a me t o I n d i a in
.

1 7 84 a n d fo r fo ur t een y ea r s res id ed a t L uc k n o w w h e re h e
, ,

bec a me a c o n s pi c uo us fa v o uri te w i t h t he N a w a b I t is .

a m i s t a k e t o d e s c ri be hi m a s S i r J o h n fo r he w a s n e v er ,

k n i g h t ed . He di ed a t K ew i n 1 81 0 a t t he a ge o f 7 5 .

Th er e w a s n ot hi ng s i n g ul a r in t hi s p ec uli a ri t y o n t he
p a rt o f Z o ffa n y o f i n t r o d uc i n g p o r t r a its o f li v i n g p e rs o n a l
i t i es i n t o h is pi c t ure H o g a r t h freely depi c t s w e ll k n o w n
.
-

c h a r a c t er s o f h is da y i n h is H a rl o t s a n d R a k e s P ro
’ ’

r s es : a n d i t i s a n hi s t o ri c a l f a c t t h a t M i c h a el A n l
g es
g e o

r ev en g ed h i ms el f in t he s a me w a y o n t he P o pe s ma s t e r o f ’

c er emo n i es w h en p a i n t i n g t h e i ur f H ll i h P
’

p c t e o e n t e o pe s

pri v a t e c h a p el O n e o f t he d a mn ed s o ul s s o cl o s ely re s e m
.

bl ed t he ma s t er o f t he c e r emo n i es t h a t ev ery o n e rec o g

n iz ed t he pi c t ure “ h ere up o n th e ag g ri ev ed o ffi c i a l c o m
'

pl a i n ed t o t he P o pe a n d begg ed t h a t t he p ai n t er m i g h t be
,

o rd e r ed t o d ef a c e t h e p o r t r a i t B ut P ope Cl eme n t e n j o y ed
.

t he j o k e a s m uc h a s t he p a i n t e r did a n d as k ed t h e m a s t e r
,

o f c e r emo n i es i n w h a t d ep a r t me n t h is lik en es s a p e a re d
p .

In H ell w a s t h e r e pl y . W hy t h e n ”
r ej o i n ed t he
, ,
 484 CA L C U TT A O LD AN D N EW .

life hi bi t i n g a ra re h a r mo n y o f t he q ua li t i es o f m i n d
ex

a n d he a r t t h a t s t a mp t h e i r c hi e f v a l ue o n o ffi c i a l p r i v a t e

a n d Chri s t i a n c h a r a c t e r B a rl o w w a s a c o n tem p o ra ry a t
.

H a iley bury o f A n d re w S t i rli n g w h o s e mo n ume n t i s h a rd ,

by He a rri v ed i n I n di a i n 1 81 3 a n d w a s S a l t A g e n t a t
. ,

Hidg elee a t t he t ime o f h is d ea t h .

Ad j o i n i n g is l et be a ri n g t he n a me o f L i e u
a ma r bl e ta b

t e n a n t C o l o n el H en ry H a w t r ey
-
C o mma n di n g 3rd B L , . .

C a v a l ry w ho di ed ( a t Gh a z ip o re ) 7t h J uly 1 833 a g e d 49
, , ,

y ea r s It w a s e re c t ed a s a ma rk o f res pe c t a n d e s t e e m by
.

t he o ffi ce r s o f h i s c o rp s .

J us t bey o n d C o l o n el Ha w t rey s t a bl et is t h e ’
n o rt h
s t a i r c a s e l ea di n g t o t h e g a l lc rv “ e n o w t ur n to e x m i ne
'

. a

t h e mo re i m p o r t a n t t a bl et s o n t h e n o r t h e r n w a ll .

Fi r s t co me s a ma r bl e ta b l et , in co mme mo r a t i o n of

R ic h a rd V h a n Ta x i n g O ffi c e r Chi e f Cl e rk o f t h e I n
a ug , ,

s o l v e n t C o ur t Ke e p er o f t he R ec o rd s a n d M un i me n t s a n d
,

R ec ei v e r o f t h e S upr e me C o ur t w ho di ed a t C a l c ut t a 3l st . ,

J a n ua r y 1 843 , .

T h es e a ppo i n t men t s w e re un i t ed in o ne i n di v id ua l un d e r
t he new a rr a n g e me n t fo r t he re m une ra ti o n bv sa l a r i es
i n s t ea d o f fee s , as m
p po se d b v t h e J ud
g es i n t h ei r le tter
”
of t h e 25 t h A p ril ,
1 836 , a nd a pp ro v ed by G o v ern m e n t .

V a ug h a n w a s t h e fi rs t i n c um be n t .

The n ex t rec a l ls a s ad m e m o ry o f t he M ut i n y o f 1 85 7 .

It co m me mo r a t e s t he fa t e o f Hen r ie t t a ,
a g ed 30 v e a rs ,

w i fe of C a p ta i n R . I ’
. An d e rs o n , 25 t h B e n g a l N . L , a nd

H ild a M a ry a g ed 7 mo n t h s d a ugh t e r o f C a p t a i n R P
, , .

An d e r s o n w h o d ied f ro m s hee r w a n t o f pro pe r n utri m e n t

,
 U RCH 485
’
S T. J O HN S CH .

d uri n g t he i s eg e o f L uc k n o w C a pt a i n An de r s o n s s ma ll
.
’

t w o s t o rey ed h o use s i t ua t ed o n ri s i n g g ro un d fo r me d t h e
-
, ,

s o ut h e a s t e r n a n g l e o f t he R es id e n c y po s i t i o n
- a n d fro m ,

i t t o G ubb i n s h o us e ex t en d ed t he s o ut h fr o n t
’
B y t h e s id e .

of t hi s li l tp
t t e o u os t ra n t h e C a w n p o r e r o a d a n d t h e e,
n em y
i
be n g o n ly a f ew y a rd s a w a y o n t h e l e f t a n d i n fr o n t a n ,

i n c es s a n t fi re w a s k e p t u p n i g h t a n d d a y I t w a.s s e v e r e ly
d d
h a n le a n d a l m os t d e s tr o y e d b y t h e e ne m y w rit e s L a
, dy
I n g li s i n her di a ry . It w a s pe rh a p s t he mo s t ex po s ed
po s t in t he w h o le g a rri s o n a n d t he o n ly o ne c a l l ed by
t he n a me o f i t s o w n c o m ma n d er d uri n g t h e s i eg e Th e .

a rri o n c o n s i s t ed o f C a p t a i n A n d e r s o n a s ub a l t e r n o fii c er
g s , ,

pri v a t es a n d a s e rg e a n t o f Her M a j es t y s 32n d

’
n ine ,

F o o t a n d ei g h t v o l un tee r s : a mo ng t h em a n I t a li a n a n d a ,

F re n c h ma n a n d M r C a pp er o f t he B en g a l Ci v il S erv i c e
.

w h o did r eg ul a r d uty a s a c ommo n s o ldi er a n d a p re

c io ns , g oo d a n d a t t en ti v e o n e h e w a s T h.e y w e r e k e pt

c o n s t a n t ly a t w o rk a n d c o uld a ff o rd n o a id t o th eir s tri c ke n

,
”
fa mili es . F i v e ba bes w e re b uri ed l a s t n ig h t r un s a n ,

e n t ry i n o n e o f t h e d a ily r ec o rd s o f t he s i ege : a n d n o l e s s

t h a n 53 E ur o pea n o r E a s t I n di a n c hild ren di ed d uri n g t h o s e

t e rri ble ei g h t y s ev e n d a y s
-
M rs A n d er s o n s d ea t h i s
. .
’

n o t ed by L a dy I n li s a s t a ki n pl A u u t 1 7 th t
g g a c e o n
g s e n ,

d a y s a f t er he r h us ba n d a n d h is c o mr a d es h a d w i t h t he
ut mo s t di ffi c ul t y re pell ed a m i gh t y a s s a ul t U p o n t h ei r fr a il
d e f e n c es .

To t h e ri gh t o f t hi s p a t h et i c li tt l e mo n umen t is a ma rbl e
t a bl et w h i c h c h a ll en g es a t t e n t i o n by re a s o n o f t he c i r

c ums t a n c es o f t h e d ea t h it r ec o rd s It i s e r ec ted i n me mo ry
.

o f Geo rg e Cr a c ro f t A uber t a ged 25 y ea r s, w h o o n t he ,

486 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

i
e v en n g o f t he 29 th A pril , 1 843 , ridi n g h o mew a rd fr o m the
res id en c e of a fri en d w a s o v e rt a k en by a s udd en s t o rm
, ,

a nd w i th t he h o r s e t h a t bo r e h i m w a s s t r uc k d ea d by
,

li ght n i n g .

B y it s ide is a ma r bl e t a bl e t t o t h e me mo ry o f T rev or
s

J o h n Chi c h el e Plo w d en an a ff ec t i o n a t e h us b a n d a nd

fa t h er a n uprig h t p ubli c s e r v a n t a n d v i r t uo us c i t i z e n w ho
, , ,

fo r t hir t y y e a r s w o r s hi p p ed G o d i n t hi s C h urc h t hi s s i mple

memo ri a l O f l o v e a n d res p ec t is e rec t ed by h is w i fe a nd
c hildr en : bo r n J une 4t h 1 7 84 di e d J uly 7 t h
, , He ,

w a s a me mber o f t h e B e n g a l Ci v il S er v i c e a n d S a l t Ag ent
a t t he 24 P erg un n a h s a n d J es s o re
-
a t t h e t ime O f his d e a t h ,

w hi c h t oo k p la c e a cc o rdi n g
, to D od w e ll a n d M i l e s on ,

bo a rd t he H i bern ia o n J uly 7 t h 1 836 In 1 827 h e s e rv ed

,
.
,

t he o ffi c e o f Sheri ff o f C a l c ut t a Th e P lo w de n s h a v e been
.

c l o s ely a s s oc i a t ed w i t h U p pe r I n di a fo r mo r e t h a n a cen

t urv . So me p eo p l e w ill t ell y o u t h a t i f t h e re w e r e but ,

a s i n g l e l o a f o f br ea d t o be di v id ed i n I n di a it w o uld be ,

d i v id ed eq ua lly be t w een t he P lo w de n s t he Tr ev o r s t he , ,

”
B e a do n s a n d t h e R i v e t t C a r n a c s
,
-
Th e a d v e n t o f t he
.

c o m p et i t i o n w a ll a h h a s i n
-
ma n y a n i n s t a n c e b r o k e n t he
h e r edi t a ry li n k but Trevo r Pl o w d en h a s been fo ll o w ed in
t he s e rv ic e by bo t h s o n a n d g r a n d s o n o f t h e s a me n a me .

Trev o r J o h n Chi c h e l e Pl o w d en t he s ec o n d w a s a m e mber ,

o f t he B en a l Ci v il S e rv ic e fr o m 1 827 t o 1 860 a n d h i s s o n
g , ,

t h e t hird o f t he li n e s e rv ed fro m 1 86 8 t o 1 900 a n d a ft er

, ,

fi lli n g t he O ffi c e o f R es id en t a t Hyd e r a ba d fo r n i n e ye a rs

a nd a tta i n i n
g t o t h e d ig n i t y o f a di ed i n N o v em
be r, 1 905 .

F ur t h e r on is a ma r bl e t a bl et a do r ne d i h
w t a coa t of-
 488 CA C L U TTA OL D AN D N EW .

The f o ll ow i n g oc c upy t h e s p a c e bet w een t he L udl o w

c en o t a p h a n d t he mo n ume n t t o Ad a m i n t h e c o r n er

Ce n o t a ph w i th m ed a lli o n p o r t r a i t i n memo ry o f Li e ut
, .

C o l J o h n W es t o n O f t he B eng a l M ili t a ry E s t a bli s h men t

'

. . ,
,

w h o di e d J uly 3 l s t 1 81 9 ( o n b o a rd t h e E l
,
i z a
) on h is

v o y a g e f r o m Pri n c e O f W a l es I s l a n d t o C a l c ut t a E rec t ed .

by h is un c l e .

M a r bl e Ta bl et : bea ri n g t h e na me of A n d r ew S t i rli n g ,
s ec o n d so n Of Ad mir a l S t irli n g of VV O burn F a r m, i n t he

c o un t y of S urrey , w ho di ed a t t hi s Pres id en c y o n t h e 23rd

Of M a y , 1 830, i n t he 36 t h y ea r o f h is a ge E rec t ed b y h i s
.

fa t h er .

S t irli n g P er s i a n Sec r et a ry t o G ov e rn men t a n d

w as

D eput y S ec ret a ry i n t he S ec re t a n d P o li t i c a l D ep a r t m e n t
un d er L o rd W i lli a m B en t i n c k At H a il ey bury d uri n g t he
. ,

y ea r s 1 81 1 a n d 1 81 2 he c a rri ed o ff a l mo s t ev ery pri z e t h e re

,

w a s t o w in He a rri ve d in I n di a i n 1 81 3 a n d h is n a me
.
,

i s s t i ll rec og n i z ed a s t h a t o f a n a ut h o ri t y o n t h e hi s t o ry o f
”
O ri s s a . He “
di ed a t C ho w ri n gh ee a f te r a n ill n e s s o f
,

ten d a y s a n d it is r ec o rd ed i n t he B e n g a l O bi t ua ry t h a t h i s
rema i n s w e re fo ll o w ed t o t h e g r a v e by a l a rg e c o n c o ur se

o f mo ur n e r s E ur o p ea n a n d N a t i v e
, a mo n g t h e l a t t e r

w e r e O bs e rv ed t he w h o l e o f t he di s t i n g ui s h ed n a t i v e p ri n c es ,

na bo bs r a j a h s a n d o t h er s
, .

An o t h e r M ut i n y memo ri a ld s c o mmemo r a t i ng s ucc ee ,

J a me s E rs ki n e mo rt a lly w o un d ed a t L uc k n o w d uri ng t he
,

M ut i n y a ged 21 y ea r s
, E r s ki ne w a s a t r oo p e r i n C a p t a i n
.

B a rr o w s fa mo us r eg i me n t o f v o l un t ee r h o r se B a rro w s
’ ’

dev o t ed ba n d ”
a s O ut r a m n a med t h e m)
, w hi c h pl a y ed ,
 JO HN U RC H 489
’
S T. S CH .

s o pro mi n en t a p a rt in t h e c a mp a i g n t h a t beg a n w i th
H a v eloc k s d ep a rt ure fro m All a h a ba d o n J uly 6t h 1 85 7
’
, ,

w i t h a f o rc e o f men a ll t o ld a n d en d ed o n S ep te mbe r
, ,

2 5t h w i t h t he reli ef O f t he R es id en c y “ h e n H a v el o c k
'

re a c h ed B e n a r es o n J un e 1 8t h h e fo un d hi ms el f t er ri bly
,

h a mp e r ed by t h e w a n t o f E uro pea n c a v a l ry a n d a ppli e d fo r

p e r m i s s i o n t o r a is e a t ro o p o ut o f t h e o ffi c e r s o f reg i
m en t s w hi c h h a d mut i n i ed o r h a d be en di s ba n d ed o f ,

i n d i g o pl a n t er s
-
Of
, p a t ro ls o f bur n t o ut s h o p k eep ers ;
,
- -

”
i n s h o r t o f a ll w o a re w illi n g t o j o i n me
,
h
B a rr o w o f t he 5t h M a dr a s Li g h t C a v a lry ( a f te rw a rd s C o m
L o us a d a .

m i s s i o n e r o f L uc k n o w i n 1 864 a n d Chi ef C o mm i s s io n e r
,

O f O udh fr o m J a n ua ry t o A pril ,un d er t o o k t he t a s k ,

a n d a fo r c e o f a bo ut 1 8 o ffi c e r s a n d me n l e f t All a h a ba d

w i t h H a ve l o c k O n t h e ro a d fo ur mo r e j o i n ed a n d t h is
.
,

w a s t he t o t a l s t ren g t h o f t he r eg i men t d uri ng t h e w h o l e

o f t he en g a g emen t s un t il t h e c r o s s i n g o f t he G a n g es fo r

t h e fi r s t t i me o n J uly 20t h w h en i t w a s r ei n fo r ce d by s o me
,

4 0 m en fro m di fferen t r eg i me n t s a n d l a t er w h en e n c a mp ,

ed a t M ung ulw a r s o me h a lf d o ze n mo r e O ffi c er s j o i n e d
,

t h em . B ut t he n o mi n a l r o ll a s pre p a r ed by B a rr o w s h o w s ,

n o mo r e t h a n 40 a s a c o n s t a n t t o t a l i n t he l a t er s t a e s 20
g
m i li t a ry m en a n d 20 c i v i li a n v o l un t ee r s S ma ll a s t h e i r
.

n umbe r w a s t h ey w ere t he h e r oe s o f ma n y a g a ll a n t ex
,

l o it A t t h b t t l w hi c h w o n ba c k C a w n po r e o n J uly
p . e a e

l 6 t h B a rr ow a n d h is ei g h t ee n s a br es c h a rge d a w h o l e
,

reg i men t o f rebel c a v a lry a n d ro ut ed t h em n o t d es i s t in g ,

fr o m t he c h a s e un t i l s ix o ut o f t he br a v e h a n d ful o f E n g
f i s h me n w e re di s a bl ed . A s t h ey ro d e ba c k t he s o ldi e r s ,

re et ed t h e m w i t h a c h ee r a n d H a v e l o c k e x c l a i med w e ll
g ,

d o n e ge n t l e men v o l un t ee rs ! I a m pr o ud t o c o mma n d
,
490 L
C A C U T TA O L D AN D N EW .

vo u An d w h enfo un d t h ems el v es bel eag uer ed i n t he

t h ev

R es iden c y a l o n g w i t h t h e g a rri s o n t he y ha d c o me t o r esc ue ,

t h ey c he er fully a s s umed c h a rg e O f I n n e s P o s t cl o s e t o ’

”
t he c h urc h o n e o f t h e mo s t ex p o s ed p a rt s o f t he w o rk s
, .

E r s ki n e h o w ev e r w a s mo rt a lly w o un d ed o n S ep t e mber
, ,

23t h a s t h e relie v i n g fo rc e w ere fi g h t i ng t h ei r w a y t h r o ugh

,

t h e s tr e et s O f L uc k n o w \ V e a d v a n c ed w i t h o ut i n t e rr up
.

”
tio n ,
w ri t e s a c o m r a d e i n a J o ur n a l p ubli s he d i n 1 858
bv t h e B a p t i s t M i s s i o n Pr es s a t C a lc ut t a un t il w e a rri ved ,

a t t he Ch a r B a h v ry l r rd u r u d d b
g a e a ,g g
e a e n s r o n e y a

hi g h l oo p h o le d w a ll j us t o n t he o ut s ki rt s O f t he c i t y
-
As .

w e ro d e a l o n o u r h a d a d s h uld e r s pp r d j ust
g e ,
s n o a e a e

a bo v e t he w a ll
g i vi n
g a,
v e ry
g o o d m a rk fo r t h e e n e m y ,

w h o w e r e t h er e w a i t i n g fo r us Th ey O pe n ed fi re a n d I
.
, ,

a m s o rry t o s a y o n e o f o ur y o un g v o l un t ee r s
, bv n a me ,

E rs ki n e ,
w a s s h o t i n t h e s id e He w a s o n e o f t hree .

yo un g fell o w s w ho c a me a ll t he w a y fro m C a l c ut t a t o j o i n
us . P o or bo y : w ell did he do h is dut y : he di ed 3 o r 4
d a y s be fo r e w e g o t o ut o f L uc k no w o n N o v embe r 1 7 t h .

no w a rri ve ph o f J o h n Ad a m Ac t
at t he c en o t a ,

i n g G o v er n o r G ene r a l o f I n di a f ro m J a n ua r y t o A ug us t
-
.

1 823 . Th i s s t a n d s a t t he n o r t h ea s t c o rn er a n d i s a fi ne -

w o rk o f a rt O n ei t h e r s id e o f t h e t a ble t bea ri n g t h e in
.

s c rip t i o n s t a n d s a f em a l e fi g ur e t he o n e o n t h e ri g h t h o ld
,

i n g t he fus c es a n d t h e o t h e r o n t he l e f t a pl umb r ul e a s
t
, ,
-
,

e m ble m s o f c i v il a ut h o r it y a n d j us t i c e , .

A full a c c o un t o f M r Ad a m
. w ill be fo un d i n t h e c h a p t er
on G o v er n men t H o us e ,
w h e re pi c t ure h a n g s i n t he
h is
b re a k fa s t -
ro o m . It w ill be s uffi c i e n t i n t hi s pl a c e t o
 4 92 C A L C l TT A
'

O LD AN D N EW .

tak en by M r J o h n P a l me r t he .
,
Pri n c e of M e rc h a n t s ,

w h o s e bus t is i n t h e To w n H a ll .

A dj o i n i n g a nd co mpl et ely o bs c u e r d by t h e o rg a n i s. a
m a r bl e l
s a b, in m emo ry of a not her a c t i n g Go v e r n o r G e n e -

ral B ut t e r w o r t h B a yl e y , of Ho pe h a ll n ea r E c c l es ,

L a n c a s hi re , a nd of t he Ben ga l C i vil S e r vi c e , bo r n 30t h

N o v e mbe r ,
1 7 81 , di ed 29t h M a y , 1 860 .

A t ypi c a l I n di a n i l o f t he s c hoo l
o ffi c a He .

w a s t he un c l e o f S i r E d w a rd Cli v e B a yl ey M embe r o f ,

C o un c il fro m 1 87 4 t o 1 87 8 a n d f a t h e r o f S i r S t eua rt ,

C o l v i n B a yl ey Li e ut e n a n t G o v er n o r o f B en g a l f r o m 1 8 8 7
,
-

t o 1 890 He a rri ved i n I n di a in 1 7 9 9 a n d w a s a pp o i n t ed

.
,

t em p o r a ry m e mber o f t h e S up re me C o un c il i n F eb rua rv ,

1 822 but res ig n ed i n t h e fo ll o w i n g D ec embe r

,
In .

e m b er 1 8 25 h e w a s a g a i n a p po i n t ed a n d h eld t he o fli c e
, ,

un t il 1 830 F ro m M a rc h t o J uly 1 828 h e o ffi c i a t e d a s

.
, ,

G o v er n o r G en er a l d uri n g t he i n t e rreg n um be t w e en L o rd
-

Am h er s t s d ep a r t ure a n d Lo rd
’
B en t i n c k s a rri v a l
’
.

He w a s e l ec te d a D i r ec t o r o f t he E a s t I n di a C o mp a n v in
1 833 a n d s a t o n t he B o a rd un t il 1 858 fi lli n g t h e o fl i c e o f
, ,

c h a i r ma n i n 1 840 .

W e h a ve n o w a rri v ed a t t he ea s t e n d o f t he c h urc h .

W i t hi n t he c h a n c el a n d behi n d t he a l t a r r a i l s i s a p l um -

ma rbl e sl a b i n t he g r o un d w i t h t hi s s i ng l e i n s c ri p t i o n
“
T I M
.
" . I) D O bii t V I I I J ul i i 1 822
.
, . . T h es e w o r d s
,

ma rk t he l a s t re s t i ng pl a c e o f Th o ma s Fa n s h a w M idd l
-
e

to n ,
F R S. fi r s t B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a
. .
, He w a s bo r n i n .

1 76 9 t he o n ly s o n o f t he R ec t o r o f Ke dl es t o n i n D e rb v
, ,

s hi r e a n d w a s ed uc a t ed a t Ch ri s t s H o s pi t a l a n d P e m
'

,
 51 . J O HN
'
s CH U RC H . 493

bro k e C o ll ege C a mbridg e , h e w a s i n M a y 1 81 4

.
7
\\ he n , , ,

c o n s ec r a t ed B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a in L a mbe t h P a l a c e Ch a p el ,

h e h a d bee n fo r t w o y ea r s A rc hd eac o n o f H un t i n gd o n .

O n t he a ft er n o o n o f N o ve mbe r 28th 1 81 4 he s t epped o n , ,

s h o r e in t h e Ci t y O f P a l a c es w i t h o ut a n y éc l a t fo r fea r

o f a l a r m i n g t he pr ej udi c es o f t h e n a t i v e s t o q uo t e h is ,

o w n w o rd s His fi r s t a ppe a ra n ce i n p ubli c w a s a t t he

.

fé t e g i v en a t G o v e r n men t H o us e o n D ec e mbe r 2nd 1 81 4 , ,

i n h o n o ur o f t he g en e ra l pe a c e : but i t w a s o n ly h is
i n di s po s i t i o n t h a t preven t ed t h a t di s t i n c t i o n fro m a c c ru
to t he S t An dr ew s D i n n e r o f t h a t y ea r t o w hi c h h e
’
in g .

w a s s p ec i a lly i n v i t ed a n d a t w hi c h o n e O f t h e to a s t s w a s

t h e B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a fo ll o w e d by t he a ppro pri a t e
,

t un e s P ut t h e g o w n o n t h e B i s h o p a nd M y n a t i ve :

”
l a n d I ve b id a die u The c h urc h O f S t J o h n w a s c o n
’
. .

s t i t ut ed by h im t he C a t h edr a l o f t he D i o ces e : a n d it
C o n t i n ued a s s uc h un t i l 1 847 w h e n B i s h o p W il s o n re ,

m o v e d t he t hro ne t o S t P a ul s His n i n e y ea r s epi s

’ '
. .

c o pa te w as l a rgely t a ke n up w i t h ex t e n d ed t o ur s to
M a d ra s C e yl o n a n d B o mba y a n d e v en a s fa r a fi eld a s
, ,
.

I e n a n g w hi c h w ere a ll i n c l ud ed in h is D i o c es e In C a l
’
, .

c ut t a ,
h i s e ne rg y a n d p o w e r s o f o rg a n i z a t i o n fo un d a mpl e
s c o pe b ut t h e w o rk i n w hi c h h e di s pl a y ed t he k een es t
,

i n t e res t w a s t h e fo r ma ti o n o f t he B i s h o p s C o ll ege o f '

w hi c h he la id t h e fo un d a t i o n s t o n e a t S eebp o re i n D ec em

be r , 1 820 Th es e b uildi n gs h a v e rec en t ly p a s s ed i n t o

.

t h e p os s e s s io n o f t h e Ci v il E n g i n ee r i n g C o ll ege but th ei r ,

d a vs a re n umbe red fo r t h a t i ns t i t ut i o n is un d e r o rd er s
,

o f r e mo v a l t o R a n c hi V en t uri n g o ut o n e ev en i n g i n t h e
.

m o n t h o f J ul v 1 822 fo r a dri v e in a n o pen ca rri a ge befo re

,

t h e s un h a d g o n e d o w n he rec e i v ed a s un s tro k e fro m

,
494 CA L C U TTA O LD Ax D x ew .

w h i c h h e n ev er r ec o ve red a n d o n t he 8t h o f t he mo n t h ,

he d i ed a ft e r fi v e d a y s ill n es s His f un e r a l did n o t t a ke

’
.

pl a ce t ill t he 1 7t h a n d w a s a n i mpo s i n g p ubli c c er e mo n y

,
.

A mo n g t he p a ll bea re r s w ere M r J o h n Fen d a ll M r J o hn .

,
.

Ad a m a n d M r B ut t er w o r t h B a yl ey Mem be r s o f C o un c il
.
, ,

S i r F r a n c i s “ o rk ma n M a c n a g ht en t he Chi ef J us t i c e o f
’
,

t h e S upr e me C o ur t a n d Gen e ra l , H a rd w i c k e O n e w ho
k n ew t he B i s h o p h a s d es c ri bed h im a s be i n g a bo ve t he
o rdi n a ry s t a t ur e o f ma n s t r o n ly fr a med f fl rid d
g o
, a o a n
,

c o mm a n di n g c o un t e n a n c e a n i ma t ed a nd en erge t i c
,
in
m a n n er A n d Ch a rl es L a mb w h o w a s h i s s c h oo l f ell o w
.
,
-

a t Chri s t s H o s pi t a l i i n et t e o f h i m i n h i s
’

g ves u s a v , g
e pi s c o p a l d a y s M is s a id t o w ea r h i s mi t re hi g h i n
.
“
.

I d ea w h e re t he rc g n i n a t i t a s ( I d a r s y) u fii c i e t l v
'
,
e a s n

j us t i fi es t he bea ri n g He w a s o n ly 53 a t t h e t i me O f h i s
.

d ea t h .

Th e l
s ta nes i
w i n ddo w a bo v e t h e a l t a r i s a m em o r i a l
g a s

O f He n ry I n g li s O f C herra p o o n j ee w h o s e n a m e is s t ill
,

w ell re m e mbe r ed i n A s s a m a s o n e o f i t s i n d us t ri a l pi o n ee r s .

O n t h e w a ll s of t he c h a n c el su rr o un di n g t he a l t a r a re

t h e fo ll o w i n g Ta bl et s

( )
1 J hon M a t h i a s Tur ne r , D D . .
, L o rd B i s ho p o f Ca l
o ut t a ,
d i ed 7 t h J uly , 1 83 1 , a ge d 45 y ea rs .

A r phi la n t hro pi s t a n d a ma n O f G o d
s c h o la ,
He .

li es buri e d i n t h e C h urc h a n d t o t he w es t by t he s id e o f , ,

t w o C h i e f J us t i ce s o f t he S upr em e C o ur t a n d S ir B en j a mi n

M a lk i n .

( ) R ig h t
2 R e vd . D a n i el C o rri e L L D , . .
,
l a te L o rd
B i s ho p of M a d ra s , a nd fo r me rly Arc hd ea c o n O f C a l c ut t a
496
‘

CA L C U TTA O LD AN D s ew .

ex p ec t ed o n B i s h o p Tur n er s d ea t h t h a t C o rri e w o uld be

’

n o m i n a t ed fo r t h e B i s h o pri c : but i t w a s n ec es s a ry t h a t

n o t i me s ho uld be lo s t i n fi lli n g up t he a pp o i n t me n t a n d

D r D a n iel \ V il s o n w a s a pp o i n t ed
. In 1 834 t h e c rea t i o n .
,

o f t he s ees o f M a dr a s a n d B o m ba y g a v e t h e o pp o r t un i t y

fo r h is pro mo t i o n a n d he w a s n o mi n a t e d fo r t h e fo r m e r .

He w a s c o n s ec r a t ed in E n g l a n d i n J une 1 835 a n d a rri v ed ,

a t Fo r t S t Ge o rg e in t h e fo ll o w i n g D ec e mbe r
. B ut h i s .

e pi s c o p a t e w a s d es t i n ed t o la s t o n ly e i
g h t ee n m o n ths a nd

h e di e d a s rec o rd e d in Fe br ua ry 1 83 7 a t M a dr a s w h e re , , ,

h i s n a me w i ll be h a n d ed d o w n t o p o s t e ri ty i n c o n n ec t i o n
w i t h B i s h o p C o r rie s g r a m ma r s c h o o l
’
.

( )
3 H en ry Llo vd Lo ri n g D , . D .
,
Fi rs t A rc hd ea c o n of

C a l c ut t a di ed 4t h S e p t e mbe r
, , 1 822, ag e d 38 y ea rs .

U po n t he e x t en s o n i i n 1 81 3 of t he Ch a r t e r o f t he E a s t
I n d ia C o m p a n y f ur t h e r p ri o d o f t w e n t y y ea r s t he
fo r a
e
,

w a s e mpo w e red t o c r e a t e a B i s h o p s s ee i n C a l
'

c ut t a a n d a n A r c h d ea c o n ry i n ea c h o f t h e t h ree P re s i

( l e n c ie s t h e s a l a ri e s o f t h e a pp o i n t me n t s t o be bo rn e b v
,

t h e C o mp a n y L o ri n g w a s a p po i n t ed fi rs t A rc hd ea c o n
.

o f C a l c ut t a He s a il ed fo r I n di a w i t h B i s h o p M iddl e t o n i n
.

1 8 1 4 a n d o ffi c i a t ed w i t h C o r ri e a t h i s f une ra l s e r v i c e o n
,

J uly 1 7 t h 1 822 ,
fe w w e e k s l a te r h e fel l a v i c t i m t o
.

c h o l e ra .

() n t h e s o ut h of t he c h a n c el is o ne o f t he fi n e s t me m o
ri a ls i n t he c h urc h . It i s a w hi t e m a r bl e c e no t a ph in s
c ri be d

To t he me mo ry of Al e x an d er Co l v i n . Thi s t a b et l is
i n s c ribe d by t h e m e r c h a n t s o f C a l c ut t a ,
w ho h a vi ng fo r
 S T. JO HN ’
S CH U RC H
. 497

forty yea rs w i t n es s ed in him a n un i o n o f t h o s e t a l en t s a n d

v i rtues w hi c h bes t a do rn th eir pro fes s i o n a n d do mo s t

h o no u r t o a C h a r a c t e r i n pri va t e li fe ,
t h us rec o rd th e ir a ffec

t io n a te es t eem fo r h im w hil e li v i n g a n d t h eir s o rro w fo r

his dea t h B o r n 3rd April 1 756 di ed 1 5t h D ec ember

.
, , ,

Thi s i s remely h a n d s o me mo n umen t in w hi t e

an ex t

ma rble by R i c h a rd W es t ma c o t t Th e fi g ure o f the H i n d oo

.

w o ma n w ho s i t s t o t h e ri g ht o f t he i n s c ripti o n i s C h a r mi n
g
in it s g r a ce a n d s i mpli c i t y An d pr a i s e a l mo s t a s hi g h
.

mus t be a c c o rd ed t o t he t w o fema l e fi g ures a bo v e w hi c h ,

a re pl a ced up o n ei t h er s id e o f a beehi v e t he s y mbo l o f ,

i n d us t ry Al ex a n d e r C o l v i n w a s t he un c le o f J o h n R us s ell
.

C o l v i n Go v er n o r O f t he N o rt h W es t fro m 1 853 t o 1 857

,
-
,

w ho die d i n t h e Fo r t a t Ag r a d uri ng t he mut i n y : a n d

g r e a-
t u n c le t h e r e,f o re o f S i r
,
A uc kl a n d C o l vi n Li e ut ,

G o v e r n o r o f t he s a me pro v i n c es fr o m 1 887 t o 1 892 a n d ,

O f S i r W a l te r C o l v i n t he w ell k n o w n ba rris t e r o f A ll ah a ba d
'

-
.

In o r a bo ut s a y s S i r Auc kl a n d C o l v i n i n h is li fe o f

h i s fa t h e r Al ex a n d er C o l v i n w a s t h e fi rs t o f t he fa m ily
,

t o ri s k h is f o r t une s i n I n di a t em p te d by w h a t c o n n ex i o n
, ,

o r l e d by w h a t ho p es c a n n o t n o w be k n o w n
,
Th ere h e .

e s t a b li s h e d a h o us e o f bus i n es s k no w n l a te r a s t he ho us e
,

o f C o lv i n A i n s li e a n d C o w i e : a n d w hil e H a s t i n g s w a s en
,

la rg i n g t he l i mi t s o f t he C o mp a n y s r ul e Al ex a n de r
’
,

C o l v i n a t te n ded t o hi s v en t ures His n a me n o t in fre

.

q u e n t ly oc c ur s i n o ld C a lc ut t a Ga z et t es a n d R ec o rd s H e .

m a y h a v e s e r ved o n a j ury be fo re Sir E lij ah Impey He .

m us t h a v e di s c us s ed o ver h is t ea a n d h is ba n a n a s t h e ,

s q ua bbl es o f t h e G o vern o r a n d h is c o un c ill o r s : a n d h a v e

32
 498 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

pres e n t ed h is h o ma ge t o t he a d o red M a ri a n The .

s c a n d a l o f M a d a m G r a n d w ill h a v e been t o h i m a s ub j ec t

fi r s t o f di s c r eet en q ui ri n g a n d l a ter o f pi o us r epr o b a t i o n .

He p ref erred w e ma y be s ure a s bec a me a s o be r S c o t c h

, ,

bo dy t h e j o y s o f h i s h o me i n H a s t i n g s S t r eet t o t h e m a s
,
”
q u e r a d e s a t t he H a r m o n ic H o us e H e w a s j o i n ed in .

b us i n e s s by h is b ro t h e r J a me s t he f a t her O f J o h n R us s e ll
, .

w h o h a d be en a mid s hi p ma n i n h is y o ut h but l ef t t h e n a v r ,

t o s e t up h i s h o us eh o ld g o d s i n C a l c ut t a R et urn i n g e a rlv .

i n 1 789 t o E n g l a n d t o rec o v e r h ea l t h J a mes C o l v i n fo un d ,

h i ms e lf pr ese n t a t t h e t a ki n g o f t he B as t ill e Th e H o use .

o f C o l v i n C o w i e 81 C o c o n t i n ued t o be t h e l e a di n g a n cy
.
g e

fi rm i n C a l c ut t a un t il t h e s even t i es : i t s p l a c e o f bus i n e ss
is s t il l a t N O 4 H a s t i n g s S t reet w h e re Al ex a n d e r C o l v i n
.
, ,

li v ed a n d w he re J o h n R us s ell C o l v i n w a s bo rn i n 1 807 .

I m m edi a t ely a bo ve t he C o l v i n m o n ume n t a t t he ea s t ern ,

e n d o f w h a t w a s o n c e t he s o ut h g a ll e ry ma y b e d i s c e rn ed ,

a m e mo ri a l bea ri n g t he n am e o f Ch a rl es Li o n e l S h o w e rs .

“
S e n i o r C a p t a i n o f t h e 1 9 t h R eg t B I w h o i n t he.
, . .

a s s a ul t s o f t h e f o r t i fi e d h ei g h t s o f M a l o w n o n t h e 25t h
A p ril 1 8 1 5 led o n e o f t h e pri n c ip a l c o l umn s t o a s e p a ra t e
, ,

a tt a c k ,
i n t he mo s t g a l la n t s t yl e a n d g l o ri o us ly fe ll a t it s
he a d j us t w h en i n p e r s o n a l c o n fli c t h e h a d w i t h h i s o w n
h a n d s l a i n t h e C hi ef o f t h e e n e my He w a s a g e d 35 . .

Tw o o t h er o fii c e rs o f t h e s a me reg i men t a re a l s o c o m me
m o ra t ed . O n t h e s a me o c c a s i o n i n t h e g a ll a n t e x ec u
t i o n o f h i s d ut y fell Li e ut H um ph e ry B a g o t o f t h e s a me
, .
,

reg i m e n t a et a t 23 3 a n d i n t he s a me c a m p a i n q u lly
, .
,
g e a ,

h o n o ra bl e fell L i eut E d w a rd “ il s o n B ro ug h t o n o f t he
, .
'

s a me re g i m e n t a et a t ,
The ha s reli e f be l o w t he
.
-
 500 L
C A C U TT A O L D AN D N EW .

t i t ely e x po s ed . The mo n umen t , li ke the prec ed i ng one.

w as e r ec ted a s
,
i n sc ripti o n o n i t tes ti fi es by S ir D a vid
t he ,

O c h t erlo n y a n d t he o ffi c ers un d e r h is c o mma n d i n m e mo ry ,

o f o n e o f th ei r c o m r a d es o f t he fi r s t N e p al W a r .

Dr . i ll i a h o s e n a me n o w ca tc h es t h e eye
m Tw i n i n g , w ,

w a s a di s ti n g ui s h ed s urg eo n i n C a l c ut t a d uri ng t h e t i me

o f L o rd W illi am B en t i n c k a s t he i n s c ripti o n up o n his

,

mo n ume n t s h o w s In g r a t e f ul r ec o g n i t i o n o f be n e fits
d e ri v ed fro m t he s uc c es s ful a ppli c a t i o n o f pro fes s i o n a l a bi
l it y a n d i n t es t i mo n y o f r es p ec t a n d es t eem fo r m o dest
w o rt h a n d a c t i ve phil a n t h ro py Thi s t a bl et e rec t e d by
.

h is fri en d s a n d p a t ie n t s i s c o n s ec ra t ed t o t h e me m o ry of
\ V il l i a m T w i n i n g , O bii t A u us t
g 25t h 1 83 5 , , ,

a g ed Tw i n i n g en j o y ed t he di s t i n c t i o n o f h a v i ng
s e r ve d a s a y o un g ma n i n t h e c a p a c i t y o f H os pi t a l A s s i s t

a n t un d e r t he D uk e o f W e lli n g t o n thr o ug h o ut t he w h o le

c o ur s e o f t h e P en i n s ul a r W a r In M a rc h 1 81 4 h e w a s
.
, ,

pr o mo t ed t o S t a ff As s i s t a n t S urgeo n a n d en t ered P a n s ,
'

w i t h t h e a lli ed a r m y a s a me mbe r o f Gen er a l L o rd H ill s

’

s t a ff
. He w a s a l s o pres en t a t W a te rl oo In 1 82 1 be.
,

a c c o mp a n i ed S ir E d w a rd P a g et t o C eyl o n a s hi s pe rs o n a l

s urgeo n : a n d t w o ye a r s l a t e r fo ll owed h i m t o I n d i a on ,

h is a ppo in t men t t o be C o m ma n d er ia Chi ef -

I n 1 82 4
-
.
,

h e e x c h a n ged fr o m t he Ki n g s t o t he C o mp a n y s se rv i c e
’ ’

a n d bec a me a n A s s i s t a n t S urg eo n o n t h e Be n g a l E s t a b li s h

m en t . He rema i n ed fo r a s h o r t t i me o n S i r E d w a rd
P a get s s t a ff a n d w a s t h en a ppo i n t ed fi rs t p e rma n en t A s
’
,

s i s t a n t S urg eo n a t t he Ge n e r a l H o s pi t a l — a po s t h e h el d

un t il h i s de a t h His pri v a t e pra c t i c e is s a id t o ha ve b e en

.

'
e n o r m o us p eo pl e o f a ll ra n k s E uro pea n a n d n a t i ve fl o c k
, ,
 U RCH 501
’
S T. J O HN S CH .

i ng to ava il t h ems elves o f h is s kill In 1 833 he p ubli s h e d .

,

a n i m po r t a n t bo o k upo n Ch o l e r a h a v i n g in t he prev i o us ,

ea r b r o u ht ut w o rk o n t h e D i s ea s es o f B en ga l a C o py
y g o a ,

o f w hi c h is s c ulp t ur ed bel o w h is mo n umen t His d ea t h .

w a s c a us ed by t he m p t ure o f a b l o od v es s el d ue t o ex e r t i o n

i n a s s i s t i n g t o li ft a g en t l e ma n w h o w a s v i o l en t ly t hr o w n
o ut o f h is c a rri a e a n d w a s lyi n h lpl w i t h fr ac t ur ed
g g e e s s a

t hi g h . It is o n r ec o rd t h a t h e w a s a ri g id w a t e r dri n ke r
a n d t h a t he r eg a rd ed i n d ul g ence o f t he t a bl e o f ev ery ki n d

a s a n un p a rd o n a bl e O ff enc e i n a ma n w ho w i s h ed t o p re

s erve h i s h e a l t h i n a t r o pi c a l C li ma t e .

Th e l
t w o n ex t t a b e t s a re i n m emo ry
h a pl a i n s o f t he of C

c h ur c h Ta yl o r B A
J o h n H en ry di ed a t s ea 30t h ,
. .
,

A pril 1 89 1
’

, , a ge d 44 y ea rs
S en i o r Ch a pl a i n o f S t J o h n 5
. .

C h ur c h fro m D ec em ber 1 885 t o A pril 1 888 ( 2) R ev d . .

A rt h ur H a m il t o n s o n o f Si r F r a n c i s H a m ilt o n
, ,

B a rt . bo r n 2n d Fe brua ry 1 806 died a t s ea 2n d A pril

, , , , ,

1 858 . Ch a pl a i n o f S t J o h n s Ch urc h D ec ember 1 850 t o

.
’
,

J a n ua ry 1 858 .

A dj o i n i n g is a bl a c k m a rb l e t a b etl : r
e ec t e d in me
m o ry of Li eut C o l J J e r v i s di ed
.
-
. .
, a t s ea , 3rd S ep t embe r ,
1 8 49 , a g ed 52 y ea r s .

N ex t rd er ma y be no ti c ed a l o n g L a t i n epi t a ph in
in o

h o n o ur o f M a j o r Ga vin Yo un g J g
u d e A d voc a t e Genera ‘
,
- -
.

o f t h e B eng a l A r m y a n a c c o m pli s h ed s c h o l a r
, a n a bl e ,

w ri t e r a n d a t r ue Chri s t i a n
,
w ho di ed o n M a rch 6t h ,

1 8 41 , a g ed 56 a n d li e s buri ed i n t he c eme t ery i n L o w e r

,

C i rc ul a r R o a d .

C l o s e by i s a m a r bl e l et in memo ry
ta b of J a mes B a rw ell ,
502 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

of the B en g a l Ci v il Se r v i c e , w ho di ed l 6t h Apri l , 1 833 ,

a ged 49 ye a r s . He w as t he son .
of R i c h a rd B a rw e ll of

Tra n s t e a d P a rk S us s ex bet t er k n o w n t o I n di a a s t h e c o l
, ,

l ea g ue a n d fa i t h ful s upp o r te r o f “ a rr en H a s t i n gs a g a i n s t ’

F r a n c i s a n d t he ma j o ri t y i n C o un c il F o r 1 6 y e a rs .

h e fi lle d t he o ffi c e o f S ub Tr ea s ur er o f t h e Pre s id e n c y -

.

Th e bes t q ua li t i es o f h ea d a n d h ea r t c o mbi n ed a li k e t o
”
d i s t i n g ui s h h is p ubli c a n d pri v a t e li fe .

A t a bl e t of mo d e r n
i o n is t he ne x t : a ma rbl e s l a b
r
e ec t .

c o mme mo r a t i n g I P D el ve s B r o ug h t o n Ad mi n i s t ra t o r
.
,

G e n e r a l o f B e n g a l fo r mo re t h a n t h i r t y y ea r s a n d O fli c i a t ,

i ng J ud g e o f t h e Hig h C o ur t f ro m 1 878 t o 1 882 B o rn .

J a n ua ry l 6t h 1 836 h e di ed in C a l c ut t a J a n uary 3rd 1 9 03

, , , , .

now co me to l o rie s o f t he C h urc h t h e

o ne o f t he g

c en o t a ph O f Li e ut C o l J a mes Ac hill es Kirkpa t ri c k

.
-
. of

t h e Ho n E I C o m p a n y s M ili t a r y E s t a bli s h me n t o f F o rt
’
. . .

S t G e o rg e w h o a ft e r fi l li n g t he di s t i n g uis h ed s t a t i o n o f
.
,

R e s id e n t a t t h e C o ur t o f Hyd e r a ba d fo r up w a rd s o f n i n e
y ea rs a n d s uc c es s f ully c o n d uc t i n g d uri n g t h a t p e ri o d
v a ri o us i m po r t a n t n eg o t i a t i o n s di ed a t C a l c ut t a 1 5 t h , ,

7 )
O c t o be r 1 805 a g ed 4 1 y ea rs
, ,
.

Thi s m us t be a c c o un t e C o l v i n mo n u
d ,
t o g et h er w t i h t he

me n t t o be o n e o f t he fi ne s t mo n ume n t s i n t h e C h ur c h
,

a n d c o m me m o r a t e s a re ma rk a bl e ma n It i s b y J a m e s .

Ba c o n j un i o r a n d is a be a ut i ful pi ec e o f s c ulp t ure J us t i c e

, , .

p o i s i n g a pl um me t a n d Sc i e n c e a r med w i t h a t el es c o pe a re
t h e c e n t r a l fi g ur es a n d a re r e pre s en t ed a s s ea te d upo n a
,

pli n t h w hi c h uph o ld s a f une ra l urn J us t i c e C l a s p s t o h er .

bo s o m a c a m eo p o r t r a i t o f Ki rkp a t ri c k A t t he s id e o f .

Sc i e n c e a pp ea rs a full w a t t le d c o c k pre s um a bly t he b i rd o f

-
504 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

at h er g ra n df a t h er h o use a n d ha d fa ll en des p er a t ely in

’
s

l ov e a t fi r s t s i g h t : a n d t h a t s he h a d c o me a s a n e m i s s a ry
t o a rr a n ge t hi s ma rri a ge K i rkp a tri c k r ef us ed t o li s t en
.

t o t he O ld l a dy w ho w i t h m uc h di ffi c ul t y w a s p e rs ua d ed
,

t o l e a v e t he R e s id en c y B ut a few ev e n i n g s l a t e r a n o t h er
.

pa l a n q ui n w a s bro ugh t t o t h e h o us e a n d fro m i t s t e p p e d t he

,

y o un g Beg um w h o t hrew he r sel f a t t he feet o f t he a s t o n i s h

,

ed R es id en t ,
a n d d ec l a r ed t h a t h er a ff ec t i o n s h a d bee n

i r rev oc a bly fi x ed o n him fo r s o me t i me t h a t he r f a t e w a s ,

li n ked t o h i s a n d t h a t s h e w o uld be c o n t en t t o p as s h e r d a y s
,

w i t h h i m a s t h e h umbl e s t o f h a n d ma id s Th e r e s ul t o f .

thi s ex t ra o rdi n a ry meet i n g w a s t h a t t he R es id en t s o ugh t

t he h a n d o f t h e B eg um Kh a i r un ni s s a fr o m t h e N i z a m
- -
,

wh o c o mm un i c a t ed t h e req ue s t t o t he y o un g l a dy s f a t h er
’
.

A fte r muc h d em ur t he bux ey g a v e his c o n s en t t o t h e m a r

ria g e s t ip ul a t i n g t h a t t he ri t e s h o uld be pe r fo r m ed i n a c
,

c o rda n c e w i t h t he c us t o ms o f t he M uh a m ma d a n f a i t h As .

ma y be i ma g i n ed t he o ut s id e w o rld s t a r ed a n d s c o ffed a nd
,

bl a me d a n d un d ers t oo d n o t hi n g Lo rd \V elles ley h e a ri ng

.

t h a t M a j o r Ki rkp a t ri c k h a d t ur n ed M uh a m m a d a n w ro t e , ,

c e n s uri n g t h e R e s id e n t s c o n d uc t fo r s o me t i me
’
a nd ,

i t l o o k ed a s t h o ugh Kirkp a t ri c k w o uld be r ec a ll ed I n t he .

en d, h o w e v e r t he t r ue s t o ry o f t he a fl a i r bec a me k n o w n
,

a n d W e ll es l ey n o t o n ly w i t hdr ew h i s t h re a t s o f r e m o v a l
, ,

but fo r w a rde d v ery h a n d s o m e e x p res s i o n s o f t he G o v e r n or

G en e r a l s s e n s e O f Ki rkp a t ri c k s g rea t p ubli c s e rv ic e s a n d
’ ’

pr o mi s ed t o rec o mmen d t h a t t h e Ki n g s h o uld be a s k ed to

c o n fe r a ba ro n et c y up o n h i m Th e m a rri a ge w a s c el eb a t
.
r

ed i a d ue c o ur s e a n d w a s a n ex t r emely h a ppy un i o n a s t he
, ,

a l l a n t B ri t i s h o ffi c e r w a s a s d ev o t ed t o h is be a ut i f ul pri n
g
c es s a s s h e w a s t o hi m He b uil t her a bea ut i ful P a l ace
.
 ST .
J O H N ’
s CH URC H . 505

in Hyd er a ba d ll ed t he R an g ma h a l w hi c h w a s d emo li
, ca ,

s h ed by S ir Geo rg e Y ul e w he n R es id en t i n 1 863 6 7 an act -

,

o f v a n d a li s m fo r w hi c h i t i s h a rd t o fo r g i v e h i m All t h a t .

re m a i n s a s a me mo ry o f K h a ir un n i s s a — is t h e bea ut i ful
-

R a n g ma h a l G a rd en t he t r ee s o f w hi c h s h e pl a n t ed Th e re
,
.

w e r e t w o c hildr en a s t he r es ul t o f t he un i o n a bo y w h o di ed ,

y o u n
g a n,d a d a ug h t e r C a t h a rin e A u,r o r a t h e Ki t t y Ki rk ,

p a t ri c k o f C a rlyl e s R emi n i s c en c es a n d t he B lum i n e o f h i s

’

S a r t o r R es a rt us w h o m a rri ed C a p t a i n J a m es W i n s loe
,

Ph ill ipp s a n d die d a t To rq ua y in 1 889 a t t h e a ge o f 87 .

\ V e l les ley c o uld be c oo l a n d ca l c ul a ti n g a s w ell a s i n s o l e n t

a n d o v er bea ri n g a n d h is c h a n ge o f fr o n t t o w a rd s Kirk
,

p a t ri c k s m a rri a g e de m a n d s li t t l e ex pl a n a t i o n
’
H e w as .

n o t c o mpl et ely a pp ea s ed i t i s t rue a n d h is br o t h e r A rt h ur

d id n o t h e s i t a t e t o ex pr es s t o h im h is v ery un fa v o ur a b l e
o p i n i o n o f w h a t h e c a ll ed t he
po m po u s a n d o v e r bea ri n
g
be h a v i o ur o f t he R es id e n t
’
B ut Ki rkp a t ri c k s s e rv i c es
.

w e r e t o o v a l ua bl e t o be di s p en s ed w i t h H en c efo r t h he .

w a s l e ft in p ea c e t o li v e c o n a mo re t h e li fe o f a S ul t a n a t

H yd e r a ba d The mo s t i m p o rt a n t o f h is a c hi ev eme n t s w e re
.

t h e s i x t r ea t i e s c o n c l ud ed by h i m w i t h t he N i z a m be t w een

1 7 98 a n d 1 804 w hi c h pr o v id e d fo r t h e pr o t ec t i o n o f t h e
,

S t a t e by t h e B ri t i s h ; t h e es t a bli s h me n t o f a g a rri s o n o f
h o r s e f o o t a n d a r t ill e ry a t S ec un d er a ba d t he c o s t o f
, , ,

w h ic h ,
i n p erp et ui t y w a s met by t h e ce s s i o n o f a l a rg e
,

t e rri t o rv n o w i n c l ude d un d e r t h e M a d r a s Pr es id en c y
. a nd ,

k n o w n a s t he C ed ed D i s t ri c t s t he di s ba n di n g o f P e rro n s ’

a n d R a y mo n d s F r en c h l e v i es ; t h e d ep o rt a t i o n o f F r en c h
’

o ffi c e r s f r o m Hyd e r a ba d ; a n d t he ma ki n f m m r i l
g o c o e c a

a rr a n g e me n t s w hi c h li m i t e d t h e N i z a m s po w e r t o l e y v
’

d ut y o n go o d s in t r a n s i t t hr o ug h h i s S t a t e Th o s e w e re .
506 CA L C U TTA AN D N EW .

t he da ys be fo r e
Ci t i z en l i pp o w as c r us h ed w h en N a po
’

l eo n w a s t he s c o urge o f t he c i v ili z ed w o rld a n d Tra fa l ,

g a r h a d y e t t o be fo ug h t Kirkp
. a t ri c k lik e h i s c hi e,f l o ve d ,

O ri en t a l m a g n i fi c en c e a n d p er s ua d ed hi m s el f a s “ el les lev
'

did a n d o t h ers o f a l a t er da y h a v e d o n e t h a t s uc h ma gni ,

fi c enc e g a ve r e a l i mp o r t a n c e t o E n g li s h men i n t he ey es of
n a t i ve c o ur t s a n d o f t h e p eo pl e o f t he c o un t ry S o i n t ense .

w a s t he t h o r o ug h n e s s w i t h w hi c h he t h r e w h i ms el f i n t o his

A s i a t i c s urro un d i r g s t h a t he a l t o g et h e r d ro p ped h is E n gli s h

n a m e i n h is d e a li n g s w i t h t he c o ur t o f t h e N i z a m a n d i n t he ,

v e r n a c ul a r c o rr es p o n de n c e is k n o w n o n ly a s H us h ma t
J un g t h e Ma g n i fi c en t i n Ba t t l e
, O f t h i s ma g n i fi c e nce
.
,

a s it w a s s een by M o un t s t ua r t E lphi n s t o n e a n d E d w a rd

S t ra c h ey ( d es c ri bed by Kirkp a t ri c k a s t w o s upe ri o r y o ung

men p a s s i n g t hro ug h Hyd e r a ba d o n t h ei r w a y t o P o o n a )
’

w e h a v e a r ec o rd i n E lph in s t o n e s di a ry o f Se p t e mber
'

1 801 . A ft e r a v i s i t t o S e ri n g a pa t a m f w herc t he i r h o s t ,

”
A r t h ur “ e l les ley
“
us ua l ro w ed Hus h ma t j un g ’
'

as ,

t h ey p ro c eed ed t o Hyd er a ba d a nd s t a y ed t he re t hree

mo n t h s H e re is E lp hin s t o n e s a c c o un t o f t he E uro pea n

'

N a bo b . M a j o r K is a g o o d l o o ki n g m a n s ee ms a bo ut
.
-

t h ir t y ,
i s r ea lly a bo ut t hir t y fi v e He w ea r s mus t a c h i os
-
.

h is h a i r is c r o p pe d v e rv s h o r t a n d h is fi n g er s a re dy e d w i t h
h en n a .In o t h e r res p ec t s h e is li k e a n E n g li s h ma n He .

is v e ry c o mm un i c a t i v e a n d d e s i ro us t o pl ea s e but he t ell s
l o n g s to ri e s a bo ut hi ms el f a n d pr a c t i s es a ll t he a ff ec t a
,

t i o n s o f w hi c h t he fa c e a n d ey es a re c a p a bl e O ne o f
h is t a l e s w a s t h a t h is ho o k a hburd a r a fte r c h ea t i n g a n d ,

ro bbin g h im pro c eed ed t o E n g l a n d a n d s et up a s t he Pri nc e

o f S ylh e t t o o k i n eve ry bo dy w a s w a i t ed upo n b Pi t t
, , y ,

d in e d w i t h t he D uk e o f Y o rk a n d w a s i n t ro d uc ed t o t he
,
5 08 CA L C U TTA O LD Ax o N E W .

w h er e he w as p ubli c h o n o ur s but a c c o rd
b uri ed w ith f ull , ,

i ng t o t he B en g a l O bi t ua ry t he i n s c rip t i o n upo n it w a s t h e
,

s a me a s t h a t w hi c h a ppea r s upo n t h e c e n o t a p h b e f o r e
us t h o ug h t he l a t t e r h a s a n a ddi t i o n o f a d o z en li n e s o f
,

v ers e .

The n ex t tw o mo n umen t s a re fro m t he c hi s e l o f R i c h a rd

VV e s t ma c o t t , R A . .
,
a n d a re w ell w o r t hy o f s t udy .

Th e fi r s t i s a ma r bl e m o numen t : i n memo ry of G e o rge

C r utt en d e n , la t e M a j o r , Ho n . E . 1 . Co .
,
B en g a l A r my ,

d i ed at M a c a o , 23rd M a rc h , y ea r s
1 822, H is a ge d 54 .

l o n g t e rm o f m ili t a ry s e r v i c e a ffi rm s t h e l e n g t h y i n
,

s c rip t i o n ,
f ul fi lle d w i t h e ve ry ma rk o f g o od d es e rt w as ,

fo ll o w ed by a n a c t i ve p a r t i n C i v il life p ur s ued w i t h e q ua l ,

t a l en t a n d i n t eg ri t y I n t he c en t re o f t he mo n um e n t i s
.

a med al li o n p o r t ra i t To t h e l e ft i s a mal e figure o f a n

.

I n di a n a n d t o t he ri g ht a H i n d oo w o ma n s ea t ed a n d c l a s p
,

i n g a n i n fa n t . B elo w a re s c ulp t ur ed p a n el s up o n e i t h er
s id e o f t h e i n s c rip t i o n w hi c h a pp ea r t o be i n t e n d e d
, to

i ll us t r a t e t he be n e vo l e nc e o f t he d ec ea s ed w ho h a d r e t i re d ,

f r o m t h e a r my i n 1 809 t o j o i n t he fi rm o f C rut t t c n d e n
M a c kil lo p a n d C o o f B a n k s h a ll
.
, S t r ee t Th e n a m e o f .

C r utt en d en i s a fa m ili a r o n e i n t h e ea rly hi s t o ry o f C a l

c ut t a . E d w a rd H o ld e n Cr ut t e n d en w a s s ec o n d i n C o un c i l
a t F o rt W i lli a m i n 1 7 53 but w a s di s m i s s ed f ro m t h e C o r r .
,
’
v i c e t w o y e a r s l a t e r bec o mi n m
“
p a n
y s s e r g a fr ee e r c h a n t .

He w a s pr es e n t t hr o ug h th e s ieg e a n d w i t h h is w i fe a n d
t hr e e Ch ild re n t o o k r e fug e a t F ul t a His h o us e a n d s p a .

c i o us g r o u n d s w hi c h w e r e s i t ua t ed i mmedi a t ely t o t h e
n o r t h o f t h e F o rt pl a y ed a p ro mi n en t p a r t bo t h i n t h e
,
 ’
s r. j o HN s CH URC H . 509

d e fen c e a nd a t ta c k , a nd a re cons pi c uo us ly ma rk ed in
“ ill ma p of C a l c ut t a i n 1 7 56
' ’
s .

The l in ma rbl e w a s e rec t ed by p ubli c c o n

s ec o n d a so ,

t ri but io n to M i c h a e l Ch ees e S urg eo n o n t he Ben ga l ,

E s t a bli s h me n t a n d G a rri s o n S urg eo n o f F o r t W illi am ,

w h o di e d o n t h e 1 4t h J a n ua ry 1 81 6 a n d li es buri ed i n t he , ,

N o rt h P a rk S t ree t buryi n g g ro un d The ba s reli ef o n th e - .

-

m o n umen t a s o n t he t o mb i n t he c emet ery re pr esen t s t he

, ,

s t o ry o f t h e G oo d S a ma ri t a n .

Adj o i n i n g i s a ma rbl e t a bl et , co mmemo ra t i n g J a mes

P a t tl e of t he B en g a l Ci v il Se r v i c e , w ho di ed 4t h S e pt em
b e r, 1 845 , age d 69 y ea rs , a nd a s o l Ad el i n e , h is w i fe , w ho
d ied a t s ea , l l th N o ve mber , 1 845 , a ge d 52 yea rs .

M r Pa t tl e
. en te e r d t he Ci v il S er vi c e i n 1 790, an d a t t he

t i me of h is d ea t h a t h is h o us e in C ho w ri n gh ee , w as Sen i o r
M e mbe r of rd o f R e ven ue a n d t he o ld es t s er v a n t o f
t he B o a

t h e C o m p a n y i n a c t i ve e mpl o y I n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h h is .

w i s h h e w a s n o t buri e d in C a l c ut t a but h i s rema i ns w er e ,

p r e s e r ved i n s piri t s a n d c o n v eye d t o E n g l a n d w h e re th ey ,

w e r e d e p o s i t ed in t he fa mily v a ul t a t C a mber w ell M rs . .

P a t t l e w a s t h e d a ug h t er o f Ch ev a lie r An t o i ne de L E t a ng ’
,

K n i g h t o f t L o ui s ( 7
S 1
. 5 7 — 1 840) w h o h a d been a p a g e
,

o f M a ri e A n t o i n e t t e a n d go i n g o ut t o P o n di c h erry t o
,

e s c a pe a l e t t re d e c a c h et rema i n ed i n In di a un t il h is d ea th ,

w h i c h o c c urr ed a t G h a z ipo re i n 1 840 Th e ir d a ug h te r s w e re .

p p
o u l a rly k n o w n i n t h e C a l c ut ta o f t h e d a
y a s t he b ea u t i
”
f ul M i s s P a t t l es a n d w ere a s a c c o m pli s h ed a s t h ey w er e
,

c h a rm i n g Ch a rl es Ha y C a me ro n La w M embe r o f C o un
.
,

c il fro m 1 842 t o 1 848 ma rri ed t he b es t k n o w n o f th em

, a nd

a n a c c o un t o f bo t h h us ba n d a n d w i fe w ill be fo un d i n t h e
 51 0 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

c h a p t er i n t he To w n h er e C a mero n s pi c t ure h a n gs
H a ll ,
w
’

i n t h e ma i n v es ti bul e M rs C a mero n s fo ur s i s t e r s m a rri ed

’
. .

r es pec t i v ely Gen e ra l C o li n M a c k en z i e ( a di s t i n g u i s h ed

,
”
p o li t i c a l a n d n o t t o be c o n f used w i t h t h e S urv e y o r
,
.

G e n e r a l o f I n d i a o f t h e s a me n a me) H en ry Th o b y P ri n s ep ,

t h e e ld e r w h o s e bus t ma y a l s o be fo un d i n t h e To w n H a l l
, ,

Hen ry V i n c e n t B a yl ey J ud g e o f t he Hi g h C o ur t fr o m 1 862
,

t o 1 873 a n d E a rl S o mer s
,
B ut thi s by n o mea n s c o m p l e t es
.

”
t h e e n umer a ti o n Y o u mus t k n o w w ri t es M r
“
. F re , .

d e ri c k L ev es o n Go w e r a v i s i to r to
-
C a l c ut t a i n
,

tha t ,
w h er eve r y o u g o i n I n di a y o u m ee t w i t h s o me ,

m e mbe r o f t h e P a t t l e fla mi ly E ve ry o t h e r m a n ha s .

m a rri ed a n d ev e ry o t h e r w o ma n h a s been a M i s s P a t t l e
, , .

Th e ma rbl e t a bl et , hi c h C o mes n ex t un d er r e v i ew
w ,

b ea r s t h e n a me o f S i r B en j a mi n H ea th M a l ki n J ud g e o f ,

t h e S upr e me C o urt a t F o r t W illi a m fro m O c t o be r 6t h 1 835 , ,

t o O c t o ber 2l s t 1 83 7 w he n he di ed
,
Hi s i n t i ma c y w i t h
,
.

M a c a ul a y w h o w a s L a w M ember o f C o un c il a s i s w ell
, ,

k n o w n f ro m J un e 1 834 t o J a n ua ry 1 838 h a s pro c ured

, , ,

f o r h i m t he h o n o ur o f p o s t h umo us c o mme mo r a t i o n f ro m
t h a t e l o q ue n t p en F o r t h e i n s c rip t i o n upo n t h e t a b l e t
.

be fo re us lik e t h a t up o n t he st a t ue o f L o rd “ ill i a m B e n
'

t i n c k w hi c h s t a n d s be fo re t he To w n H a ll a n d t h e me m o ri a l
,

i n S t P a ul s C a t h ed ra l t o V a n s Ag n ew a n d A n d e r s o n i s
.
’

w ri t t e n by M a c a ul a y A ma n e mi n en t ly di s t i ng ui s h ed
“
.

by h is li t e r a ry a n d s c i e n t i fi c a t t a i n me n t s by h i s r f
p o e s ,

s i o n a l l ea rn i n d bi l i t y by t h e c l ea r n es s a n d a c c ura c v
g a n a ,

o f h i s i n t ell ec t by dili g e n c e by p a t i en c e by fi r mn e s s b v
, , , ,

l o v e o f y o ut h by p ubli c s pi ri t a rd en t a n d di s i n t e res t e d y et
, , ,

a l w a y s un d e r t h e g uid a n ce o f di s c re t i o n by ri g id upri g h t ,
51 2 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

pl a c es i n Aff g h a n is t a n : rga n i z a t i o n O f S h a h
a nd t he o

SOO j a h s t ro o p s w a s e n t r us t ed t o B ri g a di er A n q ue t i l a
’
,

di s t i ng ui s h ed s o ldie r in t he C o mp a n y s se rv i c e w h o h a d ’
,

bee n D ep ut y Adj ut a n t G en er a l i n I n di a a n d l a t t e rl y in
-

c o m ma n d o f t he O udh C o n t i n g en t fo rc e As fa r a s O ppo r .

t un it y a n d t i me a d m i t t ed h e i n t ro d uc ed m uc h o rd e r a n d
,

m a n y i m pro vemen t s i n t o t h e a r my s c a t t ered a s i t w a s

t hr o ug h t h e c o un t ry D o s t M a h o med s urr en de re d
. in
N o v em be r 1 840
, ,
to S i r W illi a m M a c n a g ht en Lo rd ,

A uc kl a n d s Chi e f S ec ret a rv w h o h a d been ma d e en v o y a t

’
,

t h e C o ur t o f K a b ul B ut h is w i t hdra w a l t o I n d i a o n a
.

h a n d s o me p en s io n m a rked t h e beg i n n i n g o f the s t o rm On .

t he 2n d N o v e mber M a c n a g hte n s co llea g u e S ir

’
1 841 , , ,

Al e x a n d e r B ur n e s w a s m urd e r ed in h is h o us e by a m ob
,

o f A ff h a n s N O eff o rt w a s ma d e t o a v e n e h i s d t h
g .
g e a :

a n d ev en t s d ev el o p ed s o r a pidly t h a t by t he fo ll o w i ng
mo n t h fi v e t h o us a n d E ng li s h s o ldi e r s a n d s ep o y s f o un d
th em s el v es s h ut up in a w ea k c a n t o n men t w i t h s upp l i e s c ut ,

O ff a n d t h e s h a rp Aff ha n w i n t e r s et t i n i O D e c em
g g n n .

be r 1 1 t h t h e w o rd w a s g i ve n fo r t he ev a c ua t i o n o f a l l t he
,

E n g li s h s t ro n g pl a c e s in Affg h a n is t a n : but t he pro m i s ed

s uppli es w e r e n o t fo r t h c o m i n g M a c n a gh te n w ho h a d j us t
.
,

rec ei v ed i n t i m a t i o n o f h is a pp o i n t me n t a s G o v er n o r o f 8 0 m .

ba y w a s s h o t d ea d by t he D o s t s s o n o n D ec embe r 23 rd
’

, .

The p a n i c w a s n o w c o m pl et e a n d o n J an ua ry 6t h 1 8 42 , , ,

E lphi n s t o n e m a rc h ed o ut O f t h e c a n t o n me n t s l ea v i n g fo ur ,

o ffi c e r s a s ho s t a a d a l l h i t r u r t r d o rd
g e s n ,
s ea s e s o e s a n ,

n a n c e e x c ep t s ix u n s D u ri n t h di s a s t r u s v t
g .
g e s e o e e n s ,

An q uet il w a s s ec o n d o r t hi rd in c o m ma n d but in t h e un
ha ppy a n d fa t a l ret re a t he s ucc eed ed t o t he c hie f c o mm a n d
,

a nd res t o red o rde r w he re a ll w a s c o n fus i o n ”

W i t h t he .
 ’
S T. J O HN S CH URC H . 51 3

e x ce p t i o n h o w ev er o f a h un dred a n d t w en ty men w o men

, , ,

a n d c hi ld r e n i n c l udi n g E lphi n s t o n e h i mself a nd La dy

,

S a l e w h o m A k ba r t he s o n o f t he D o s t too k pri s o n e r s o n
, , ,

t h e w a y a n d a few s c o re s ep o y s w ho a ft erw a rd s s tr a gg l ed

i n t o Pe s h a w a r n o n e w ere t o s ur vi v e t he h o rro r s O f th a t
,

fl i g h t i n m id w i n ter -
Th o us a n d s pe ri s h ed i n t he Kh urd
.

K a bul p a s s a l o n e In t h e J ugd ull uc k p a s s t he s l a ug h t e r

.
,

w a s r en ew ed a n d h er e A n q ue t il hi ms el f fell
, A f te r t h a t .

a l l w a s di s o rd e r d es pe ra t i o n a n d a n n ihil a t i o n O n the
, .

1 3 t h J a n ua ry a s o li t a ry E n g li s h ma n D r B ryd o n ha lf
, , .
,

d e a d fro m w o un d s a n d ex h a us t i o n w a s seen guidi ng h is ,

j a d ed p o n y t o w a rd s t he
g a t e s o f J e l l a la b a d H e w a s th e .

o n e s ur v i vo r o f t he E n g li s h men w ho h a d esc a ped c a pti v i t y

o n ly t o pe ri s h on t h e r o a d t o s a f et y a n d by a s t r a n g e fa t e ,

i t f el l t o h is lo t t o p a s s un s c a t he d t hro ug h t h e t erri bl e ex
e rie n c e o f t he s iege o f t he L uc k n o w R es id en c y i n 1 857
p .

I t i s i n t e res t i n g t o n o t e t h a t a s rec en tly a s M a rc h l as t

t he d ea th w a s a n n o un c ed o f M rs W al ke r w id o w .
,

of C o lo n el \V a lker o f t he Ben ga l H o r s e A rt ille ry w ho ,

w a s s t a t ed t o h a v e been t h e l a s t s urv i v o r o f t he a d ult

E n g li s h pri s o n er s O f A k ba r Kh a n i n Affgha n is t a n
’
.

A mo ng t h o s e w ho w e re c hild ren a t t he ti me S ir Arth ur ,

T rev o r l a t e membe r o f t he V i c ero y s E x ec uti ve C o unc il

’

, ,

a n d M a j o r G en er a l W -
S Tr ev o r V C . a fo r me r P ubli c
.
,
. .
,

VV o rks Sec ret a ry t o t he Go v e r n men t o f I n di a a re s t ill a li v e ,

Th e l a t t er w a s el ev en y ea r s O ld a t t he t i me o f t he
d a i s s t e r a n
, d t h e f o r m e r w h o w a s b o r n
,
a t J e l l a l a ba d i n

A p ril 1 84 1 a n i n fa n t in a r ms
, ,
.

U nd er t he s t a i rc a s e o n t he s o ut h w hi c h l ea d s to t he ga ll ery
is a ma r ble mo n umen t in memo ry o f S ir Ch a rle s W illi a m
33
51 4 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

B l un t , B a r t .
,
w ho di ed at P ult a h on 29t h S epte mbe r , 1 802

a ge d 7 2 ye a rs . P ul t a h , a few mil es a bo v e B a rr a c k po re ,
is
n ow t he h ea dq ua rt er o f t he C a l c ut t a W a te rw o r k s The .

ba ro n et c y d a t es fr o m 1 720 B l un t did n o t c o me o ut t o
.

I n d i a un t il he w a s 53 y ea r s O f a ge B a r well i s f o und .

r ec o mmen di n g h i m t o H a s ti ngs fo r a w ri te rs hi p i n 1 7 83 .

a s h a v i n g run t h r o ug h h i s f o r t un e a n d d es erv i n g p a t ro n

a g e f o r t h e s a k e o f h is f a mily o f t hree s o ns a n d e i g ht

d a ug h t er s H a s ti ngs ga ve h i m t he po s t o f a g en t f o r t he
.

s upply o f a r my bull oc k s a n d h e O b t a i n ed in a d d i t i o n a
,

s h a r e in t he P o s t O ffi c e -
B o t h h is v en t ure s b r o ug h t h im
.

w ea l t h ,
a n d w h e n he di ed he i s s a id t o h a v e b ee n w o rt h
,

A c uri o us s t o ry is r el a t ed o f h i m t h a t h e built
a ma us o l e um fo r t he c a rc a s es o f h i s d ea d r a c e h o r s es w hi c h -
,

w a s s t ill t o be s een a t P ult a h a bo ut t h e y ea r 1 84 5 On .

t he 20t h M a y 1 7 95 t w o o f h i s d a ug h t e r s w e re m a r ri ed
, ,

”
f r o m L a d y Sh o re s g a rd en ho us e Lydi a t o S i r Alex
’

a n d e r S et o n B a r t , o f t he B en g a l Ci v il S e rv i c e ( w h o d i e d in
.
,

a n d A n n a M a ri a t o t h e Ho n Ch a rles An drew B ruce .

w ho di ed i n G o v e r n o r o f Pri n c e o f “( a l es l
( I s a n d
a n d b r o t h e r O f t he s e v en t h L o rd E l g i n A n o t h er d a ug h t e r .
.

Ch a rl o t t e m a rri ed H a s t i n g s s t ep s o n Si r Ch a rles I m h o fi
,
’
,
'

S h e n urs ed Ha s t i n g s i n h i s l a s t h o ur s a n d a l et t e r O f h e r s , ,

”
bl i s t e red w i t h t e a r s c o n v ey ed t h e n e w s o f h i s d ea t h t o
,

h is li fe l o n g fri e n d D a v id A n d e r s o n B l un t s thi r d s o n
’
-
.

W illi a m a l s o a C i v ili a n ( w h o di ed in M a d r a s in 1 8 6 0 a t
,

t he a g e o f 8 1 y ea rs ) w a s o n e O f t he h o ld er s o f t h e s h o rt
,

li ved o ffi c e o f G o v er n o r o f Ag r a He w a s a pp o i n t e d o n .

Ma rc h 20t h 1 835 i n s uc c es s i o n t o S ir Ch a rl es M et c a l f e
, , ,

w h o n e v e r a c t ua l ly t oo k o v e r t h e a pp o i n t men t t o w hi c h h e

ha d be en g a z e t te d i n N o v embe r 1 834 a n d h e h a n d ed o v e r ,
 51 6 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N ew .

( )
4 Ca pt . a nd B r evet M a j o r
J o h n G ri ffi n 24t h R egt -
,

B N I
. . w ho fell i n t h e a c t i o n fo ug h t bet w ee n t h e B ri t i sh
.
,

a n d S ei k h s a t Fe r o z es h a h o n 2l s t D ec e mber 1 845 a g ed 47 , ,

y ea r s .

( )
5 M a r bl e P a l mer di ed a t P ur n e a Sep
t a bl et : G eo rge , ,

t ember l ot h 1 840 N O ma n po s s es s ed a mo r e k i n d or
, .

ben ev o l e n t h ea r t I n ma n n er s pl a i n i n c o un c i l w i s e ir
.
, ,

j ud g men t upri gh t i n pi et y a n d c h a ri t y un o s t en t a t i o us
,

i n a ll t he r el a t i o n s O f h us ba n d f a t h er a n d fri e n d e x em , , ,
~

”
p la ry a n d b e l o v ed T h e n a m e o f P a l me.r h a s v a n i s hed
f ro m t he rec o rd s o f t h e E n g li s h i n I n di a B ut i n th e d a y s ot
'

H a s t in g s W illi a m P al me r h is Pri v a t e Sec re t a ry w i e lded

, , ,

bo t h a ut h o ri t y a n d i n fl uen c e He ma rri ed a pri n c e s s 0 .

'

De lhi a n d h is s o n J o h n P a l mer w a s t he
, , Pri n c e o f M er ,

”
cha n ts A t Hyd er a ba d a n o t h er b ra n c h o f t h e f a m ilv
. .

w i t h t h e R um bo l ds rei g ne d s upreme d uri n g t he t w e n t i es

,

Th e i r p o w e r w a s d ee me d s o d a n ge ro us t h a t S i r C h a rles ,

M et c a l fe w a s c o mpell ed t o i n t er v en e be t w een t h e i m po
v e ri s he d N i z a m a n d t h e fi rm w hi c h s t o pp ed p a y m e n t in ,

c o n s e q ue n c e .

T he no rt h a nd h
h a v e a l rea d
s o ut
g a ll e ri e s , as we x

n o t i c d h a v e bee n r e mo v ed In t h e n o r t h e r n g a ll e ry t he n
e
.
,

w a s fo r me rly pl a c ed a t a bl e t t o t h e memo rv o f C a p t .

R o be r t Ad a i r M c N a ug h t e n o f t h e Gl s t R eg t N I w ho,
.
, . .
,

di ed o n M a y 1 8t h 1 845 a ged 49 N o t ra c e o f t hi s m o n u
, ,
.

m e n t c a n h o w ev e r be fo un d,
Th ere is yet a n o t h e r t a b le t
, .

i n t he C h urc h w hi c h w e ma y n o t e befo re l ea v i ng i t
,
It .

r un s I n me mo ry o f G e o rge E d w a rd Ly n c h C o t t o n ,

B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a C o n s ec r a t ed 1 858 D ro w n ed a t K us h
. .

t i a 1 86 6 The d ec e a s ed h a s pro pe rly s p ea ki n g n o Cl a i m

.
, ,
 URCH 51 7
’
S T. JO HN S CH .

to a memo ri a l in S t J o h n
.
’
s as he r prea c h ed t h ere
n ev e .

B u t i t i s o n ly fi t t i n g t h a t t he mem o ry O f t he l a me n t ed
re l a t e w h s e n a me s ur v i ves a s t h f un d e r f B i h p
p o e o o s o

C o t t o n 5 Sc h o o l s a t B a n g a l o re a n d S i m l a s h o uld be c o m
,

m e m o ra t ed i n t h e p a ri s h c h urc h o f B eng a l a s w ell a s i n t h e

m o r e m o d er n C a t h edra l o f S t P a ul s w h e re t h ere is a
’
.

m o s a i c t o h i s memo ry .

VVe h a v e n o w c o mpl et ed o ur C i rc uit a n d a re o n ce m o re

a t t h e ma i n en t r a n c e o n t h e w es t : fr o m w hi c h w e ma y

m a k e o ur w a y i n t o t he c h urc hy a rd .
 C H A PTE R V I .

JO H N C H U R C H YA R D AN D T HE C H AR N O CK
’
ST . S

M AL S O L E U M
'

IN St J o h n s Ch urc hy a rd C a l c ut t a p o s s es s es a re l i c o f
’
,

h e r p a s t o ld e r by n ea rly e i g h t y y ea r s t h a n t h e C a t h ed ra l
o f M iddl e t o n a n d H e be r w hi c h s t a n d s in he r mid s t F rom .

t h e t i me o f Ch a r n o c k un t il t h e o p en i n g i n 1 7 6 7 o f t he S o ut h

P a rk S t reet C emet e ry ( n o w i t s el f di s us ed ) it w a s t h e s o le
,

b uryi n g pl a c e o f t he s et t l emen t
-
. The E n g li s h men w h o se
bo n e s h er e m i n g l e w i t h t h e d us t t o o k p a r t i n g r ea t e v e n ts
,

a n d li t t l e k n o w i n g l e f t a ri c h i n h e ri t a n c e t o t h e n a t i o n .

Th e g r a v e s o f o n ly a few re ma i n t o da y -
The ex c a v a t i on
.

o f t h e fo un d a t i o n s o f t he Ch urc h w a s t h e c a us e o f t h e dis

a pp ea ra n c e o f m a n y o f t h e o beli s k s a n d pyr a m id s w hi c h

o ur f o r e fa t h e r s in C a l c ut t a l o v ed t o pl a c e o v e r t h e i r d ea d

a n d w hi c h fo rm s o pr o m i n e n t a fe a t ure o f ev e ry v i e w of

t he o ld B uryi n g pl a c e p ri o r t o 1 780
-
O t h e r s w e r e re
.

mo v ed i n 1 802 w h e n t h ey a re s t a t ed by A s ia t ic us t o h a ve
,

f a ll e n i n t o s uc h a c o n di t i o n o f i rrep a r a bl e d eca y t h a t it
w a s d ee med n ec e s s a ry t o p ull d o w n mo s t o f t h e m m
‘
CC

o rd e r t o pr e v e n t a n y d a n g e r o us a c c id en t s w hi c h t h e t o t t er
”
i n g r ui n s t h rea t en ed t o s uc h a s a pp ro a c h ed t h e m Th e
.

s t o n e a n d ma r bl e t a bl et s w e r e t h en c l ea red fr o m t h e r ub b i s h

a n d l a id a g a i n s t t he w a l l o f t h e c e me t e ry w h e r e th ev
”
no w s ta n d . O n t hi s p a s s a g e M rs ,
E mma R o be rt s
. ,

Wri t i n g i n 1 830 t h us c o m men t s Th i s a c t O f des ec ra

ti o n t he w o rk O f t he rev eren d g e n t l e ma n a t t he h ea d o f
,
520 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

J a n ua ry ,
1 7 86 , in rd a n c e w i t h a w i s h e x p r es s e d bv
a cco
”
t he l a t e G o ve r r G r l H t i s t o pl a c e t h e s l a b
n o e n
-
e a a s n g ,

i n t he c en t e r n i c h e O f t h e en t r a n c e a t t h e e a s t e n d o f t h e

c h u r c h , a n d t h a t t h e i n s c ri p t i o n be b e a u t i fi ed b y g i l di n g
t h e l et t e r s Th ere is n o i n di c a t i o n o f thi s r e so l ut i on
.

h a v i n g be e n c a rri ed o ut Th e s i t e O f t h e g r a v e h a s been
.

a l t o g e t h e r fo rg o t t en : a n d t h e s l a b w i t h i t s l et t e r s u n g ild

ed i s n o w i n t he Ch a r n oc k M a us o l eum .

S t ill t h e re is mo re t h a n q ua i n t ma s s i ve p i e c e of
o ne

ma s o n ry t o remi n d us O f t h e d ebt w e o w e t o t h e p a s t We .

c a n p a us e a n d d r ea m O f t h e fo un d a t i o n o f C a l c ut t a b e fore

t he v e ry s p o t w hi c h s h el te r s t h e h o n o ured rema i n s o f Cha r

n oc k , t he F a t h er o f t h e Ci t y Th e n a mes O f A d mi ral
.

W a t s o n a n d br a ve li t t l e B illy S p ek e c a rry us b a c k to
"
t he d a y s w h en C a l c utt a w a s i n t h e h a n d s o f t he B I oo rs '

a n d E n g li s h s hip s O f w a r s a il e d up t h e H o o g hly t o b o m b a rd

a n d c a p t ur e C ha n d e r n a g o r e The t o mb o f B eg um J o hn
.

s o n i s a n e pi t o me O f t h e hi s t o ry o f t h e c i t y f ro m t h e d a y s

o f C li ve t o t h o s e O f M i n t o W h a t memoi r s o f b l a c a ula)
.
’

i n C a l c ut t a a re n o t a w a kene d by t h e g ra v e o f S i r B e n j a min
M a lki n o n e o f t h a t n o bl e g ro up o f p h il a n t h rO p iC a n d t a l ent
,

ed men i n t he t hir t i es t o w h o m m od er n I n di a i s i n d e b t ed for

t h e bo o n O f E n g li s h ed uc a ti o n .

As w e p urs ue o ur medi t a t i ve w a y a mo n g t he s c a t t e red

s ur v i v o r s o f t hi s o nc e c r o w d ed C i t y o f t he d ea d w e s h a ll ,

fi n d o ur s el v es a t e v ery t ur n h a un t ed by t h e s pi ri t s O f m a nv
an A n g l o I n di a n c el e b ri t y o f by go n e d a y s w h o m t he
-

memo ry w ill n o t w illi n g ly let d ie .

E n t eri n g t he c h urc hy a rd by t he g a t e i n Ch urc h La n e ,

 ’
S T . J O HN S CH U R C HYA R D AN D C HA R N O C K M A U SO LE UM . 521

f o ur pl a i n mo n umen t s w ithi n a n en c l o s ure meet t he v iew

t o t he w es t o f t he c h urc h Th es e c o v er t he re ma i n s o f
.

t w o Chi e f J us t i c es o f t he S upre me C o ur t — Si r R i c h a rd
H e n ry B lo s s et a n d Si r Ch ri s t o ph e r P ull e r

O f a p ui s n e J ud e o f a
g l a t e r d a t e S i r B enj a m i n H ea th ,

M a lki n ( 1 837) a n d o f a B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a D r J a me s ,
.

M a t hi a s Turn er I t is a me l a n c h o ly c o m me n t a ry
o n t he s h o rt li ved c h a r a c t e r o f a n I n di a n r e p ut a t i o n t h a t
-

M a lki n a n d P ull er a re be t t er k n o w n a s p a r t a ut h o r s o f -

m us t y la w rep o r t s a n d Blo s s et a s t h e un c l e o f G eo rg e
-
,

G r o te t he hi s t o ri a n o f G reec e t h a n a s oc c up a n t s o f t h e
,

C a l c ut t a B en c h .

S IR R O BE R T H E N RY B L O S S E T w a s t he son of t he

R ev . Dr
. H en ry P ec k w ell , an e mi n e n t
prea c he r a n d t oo k ,

t h e n a me o f Bl o s s et fr o m h is mo th e r w h o bel o n ged to a

H ug uen o t f a mily His pr ed ec es s o r a s Chi ef J us t i c e o f t he

.

S u p r e m e C o u rt w a,s S i r E d w a rd Hyd e E a s t w h o s e s t a t ue
,

s t a n d s o n t he s t i rc a s e w h i c h fo r ms t h e m a i n en t r a n c e t o
a
t h e H i g h C o ur t fr o m t he M a id a n He w a s s w o r n i n o n
.
’

D ec e mber 23rd 1 822 a n d di ed o n F ebr ua ry l s t

, ,
1 823 ,
.

I t is r el a t ed o f h i m t h a t he w a s a l mo s t a s a c c o mpli s h ed a
l i n g ui s t a s S i r W illi a m J o n es He w a s a p erfec t ma s t e r
'

o f F re n c h I t a li a n Ge rma n L a ti n G r eek a n d H ebrew

, , , , ,

a n d ha d s o me k n o w l ed ge o f S p a n i s h As r ega rd s t he .

la n g ua ge s O f I n di a he em pl o y ed t he l o n g s ea v o y a g e to
,
-

C a lc ut t a in a c q uiri n g t h em The i n te r va l t o mo s t
.
,

r t di u d t m i n t o l er a bl e w a s t o h im a
p e s o n s e o s a n o s o e ,

”
re fres hi n g s ea s o n O f e n j o y men t By t he t i me h is s hi p
.

c a s t a n c h o r a t H o o g hly h e w a s s o w ell v er s ed i n Hi n d oo
,

s t a n c e a s t o be a l rea dy t ea c hi n g o t h er s O n bo a rd p o s s e s s ed ,
5 22 O L D AN D N E W.

in a ddi t i o n a c o mpe te n t k n o w l edge o f Pe r s i a n a nd w a s

ma ki n g c o n s id e ra bl e a d va n c es in S an s kri t The G ro w .

w i t h w h o m S i r H e n ry B lo s s e t w a s s o C l o s el y c o n n e c t ed ,

w ere r e pr es e n t e d i n I n di a fro m 1 833 t o 1 86 8 by A r t h ur

G ro t e br o t h e r o f t h e hi s t o ri a n a n d n eph ew o f the C h i ef
,

J us t i ce w ho re ti red in t he l a tt er yea r a s a member O f t h e

,

Bo a rd o f R e v e n ue a n d w h o s e pi c t ure h a ng s in t h e ro o ms
o f t h e R o y a l A s i a t i c So c i e t y His w ife H e l en An n e G ra t e
.
, ,

di ed i n 1 838 a t t he a ge o f 1 8 o n bo a rd t he M ega n P t t
, ,

v e s s el o ff Ked g e ree : a n d li es buri ed in t he N o rt h P a rk

S t ree t C e me t e ry Tw o o t h er G rot es w ere in I ndi a a bo ut?
.

t h e s a m e p eri o d bo t h s o n s o f t he s a me Geo rg e G ra t e
,
of ,

Ba d g emo r e i n O x fo rd s hir e a n d Seli n a M a ry Blos s et w h o

, , ,

w a s a w o ma n o f e x t r a o rdi n a ry bea uty O ne Lie ut ena nt .

,

F red e ri c k G ro t e o f t he Ben g a l A rt ill e ry ,

t o L o rd A m h er s t a n d di ed i n C a l c ut t a
,

The o t h e r R o be r t G ro t e w a s a y o ung c i v ili a n a nd die d a t

, , ,

s s o re n e a r M o r a d a ba d i n 1 829 h
J p
e a t t e a g e o f 20 , .

S IR C HR I S TO P H E R F U L L E R w a s the i m me d ia te
s uc c es s o r o f S i r R o be rt H e n ry Blo s s e t : a n d hi s t en u re fl f

o tii c e w a s e v e n bri e fe r He w a s S w o rn in a s Ch i e f J us ti c e
.

o n A pril 1 8t h 1 824 a n d di ed o n M a y 26t h s i x w ee ks la ter"

, , ,

Th o s e w er e n o t h eal t hy d a y s fo r Chi ef J us t i ces i n C a lc ut t m

S i r Ch a rl es E d w a rd G rey w ho fo ll o w ed S ir Ch ri s t op her
,

l ull e r w a s mo re fo rt un a t e a nd h el d t he O ffic e fo r se ven

’
,

y e a rs : but S i r “ i llia m O ldn a ll R us se ll w ho ca me nu n

’
,

w a s s w o rn i n o n J uly 4t h 1 832 a nd d ie d on j amua ry 2311 4

, ,

o f t h e e n s ui n y a r
g e .

S IR BE N J A M I N MA L KI N wa s a co n c m
y pmttr
y i n’
5 24 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

a s hi ms elf A f un e
. r a l h a t c h men t a cco mp a n i e s t he mo n u
me n t w i t hi n t h e c h urc h .

BI S HO P TU R N E R fo ur t h B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a
w a s t he ,

a n d in t he s h o r t n e s s o f h i s I n d i a n c a r ee r f ur n i s h e s l i k e ,

t h o s e w ho l i e bes id e h i m a n o bj ec t l es s o n o f t he d ea d li n e s
,
-

o f t he C a l c ut t a c li ma t e i n t h e t w en t i es a n d t hir t i e s Ex .

”
t ea c h es us t o v e ri fv
“
p eri en c e it w a s w ri t ten in 1 7 335
,

t hi s g en er a l o bs e rv a t i o n t h a t me n s li v es a d v a n c ed t o o r

n i g h t he a o f fo r t y a re v e ry prec a rio us in s uc h a c h a n g e
g e

o f c li ma t e fr o m t h e i r n a t i ve c o un t ry Th e a ph o ri s m h a d
.

l o s t n o n e o f it s t ra g i c a ppli c a t i o n i n t he c o urs e o f s e v e n t y
vea rs .B lo s s et w a s 47 P ull er 50 M a l ki n 40 D r T ur n er
, , , .

45 : a n d D r J o h n Th o m a s J a mes h is pr ed ece s s o r i n t h e
.
,

s ee 42 w h en t h ey
, ,
fell a v i c t i m t o t he ms a l ubrit y o f t he
c li ma t e
’
a s t he i n s c rip t i o n s
, o f t he p e ri o d p ut i t w i t h

m el a n c h o ly r ep et i t io n D r J a mes l a n de d i n C a l c ut t a i n
. .

J a n ua ry 1 827 a n d d i ed o n bo a rd t he Ma rq ues s o f H un t l ey
, ,

i n S a ug o r R o a d s in A ug us t 1 828 D r Tur ne r s e p i s c o
’
. .
,

p a t e did n o t ex c eed a s i mil a r pe ri o d a n d o f t he t o t a l pe ri o d ,

o f o n e y ea r a n d s ev en mo n t h s ei g h t o n ly w e re s p e n t i n
,

C a l c ut t a B ut d uri n g t h a t b ri ef s pa c e o f t i me h e w a s
.
,

a bl e t o le a v e h is m a rk up o n t he c i t y i n mo r e w a y s t h a n

o ne . The fo r ma t i o n o f t he D i s t ri c t Ch a ri t a bl e S oc i e t y t h e ,

e s t a bli s h men t o f t he H i g h S c h o o l i n C h o w ri n g hee ( w h i c h

h a s s i n c e 1 863 en t e r ed up o n a n ew ex i s t enc e in D a rj e e li n g
’
a s St P a ul s S c h o o l ) t he buildi n g o f t he c h urc h a n d t h e
.

F r ee S c h o o l Ch urc h a t H o w r a h — t he pro mo t i o n o f Se a,

ma n s Ch a p el
’
n ea r t he S t r a n d a n d t he fo un d a t i o n o f
,

t h e I n fa n t S c h o o l a re a ll d ue t o h is i n i t i a t i ve a n d e n c o ur
,

a g e men t N o r w e re t h e o t h er Pres id en c i es f o rg o t t en
. .
 J O HN U R C HY A R D U S O LE U M 525
'

ST . S CH AN D C HA R x o c x MA .

M a dr a s ,
B o m ba y C eyl o n w e re ea c h v i s i t ed i n tur n a n d
a nd

t h e B i s h o p s pre ma t ure de a t h i n C a l c ut t a o n J uly 7 t h 1 831

’
, ,

w a s h e ld t o be l a rg ely d ue t o t h e pri v a t i o n s a n d t he f a t i g ue

o f t h e o v e rl a n d j o ur n ey un d e r t a k e n by h i m fr o m M a d r a s

t o B o mba y It is a c uri o us c o mme n t a ry o n t he t i mes i n

.

w hi c h h e li v ed t h a t o n e o f h is fi r s t a c t s up o n a rri v a l i n I n di a

w a s t he pro mo t i o n o f a n a dd r es s t o t he G o v er n o r Ge n e r a l -

p r a yi n
g f o r t he s us p e n s i o n o n S un da y s o f a l l bus i n ess
‘

i n t he G o v er n me n t o ffi c es a s c o uld w i t h o ut emba rra s s

m e n t t o t h e s erv i c es be di s pen s ed w i t h , .

To t he ri g h t o f t h es e mo n umen t s a n d t o t he n o r t h w es t -

o f t he Ch ur c h s t a n d s a l o ft y a n d r a e f ul o t ph t
g c c en a s e

up o n t w e l v e G rec i a n pill a r s w hi c h w a s e rec t ed s o me 90 ,

y e a r s a g o a t t he j o i n t ex pe n s e o f M r W illi a m C o o pe r
, .
,

t h e n a me mbe r o f C o un c il a n d M r G eo rge H a t c h o f t he , .
,

B o a rd o f R ev e n ue t o c o m me mo r a te t he o ffic e r s w ho fe ll
,

a t R a mp o re d uri n
g t he s ec o n d R o hill a W a r o n t h e 26t h o f

O c to be r 1 7 9 4 a ft e r a g a ll a n t res i s t a n c e
, , I n s id e t h ere .

i s a pl a t fo r m d e s i g n ed fo r s o me mili t a ry t ro phy w hi c h w a s
n e v e r e r ec t ed Fo r ma n y y ea r s a l s o t h e mo n umen t bo re
.

n o i n s c rip t i o n o f a n y ki n d but t h e o mi s s i o n w a s rep a i red

,

b y G o v e r n me n t i n 1 895 a n d t he fo l lo w i n g n o w a ppea r s
,

o n it s e a s t e r n fa c e

In me mo ry
of

C o l o n el G eo rge B urri n gt o n .

M a j o r Th o ma s B o l t o n . C a p ta i n N o r ma n M a c Leo d .

C a p t a i n J o h n M a w bey . C a p t a i n J o h n M o rda un t .

Li eut An dr ew C ummi n g s
. . Li eut W illi a m Hen c ks ma n
. .

Li eut J o h n Pl umer Li eut W illi a m O d ell

'

. . . .
5 26 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

Li eut E d mun d W ell s Li eut Y Q M B i rc h

'

. . . . . . .

Li e ut J o s eph R i c h a rd s o n
. Li eut E d w a rd Ba ke r . . .

Li eut Fi re w o rker J a mes Tel fer

. .

a n d t he E uro pe a n a n d n a t i ve n o n c o mmi s s i o n ed o ffi c e r s -

a n d p ri v a t es w h o w e re kill ed in t h e s ec o n d R o hill a \ V a r in

O c t o be r ,

Th e ill a ge n ea r w h i c h t hi s a c t i o n w a s fo ug h t w a s
v

a n c i e n t ly k n o w n a s Bee t ura but is n o w a ppro p ri a t ely

n a me d I a t ehg a n j w e s t ( t he c i t y o f v i c t o ry ) O n t he
’ .

r ig ht o f t he r o a d f ro m R a mpo re t o B a reilly a l a rg e red

s a n d s t o n e o be l i s k w i t h a n epi t a ph s i m il a r t o t h e o n e h e re

m a r k s t h e s po t w h ere t h es e br a v e men la y d o w n t h eir

’
l iv e s . I n me mo ry o f t he v i c t o ry t he w o rd R o h i lc un d
i s bo r n e a mo ng m a n y o th er h o n o ur a bl e di s t i n c t i o n s o n
t h e c o l o urs o f t h e R o y a l M un s te r Fus ili e r s a r eg i m e n t ,

w hi c h i s a r eo rg a n i z a t i o n o f t he o ld B en g a l E ur o p ea n

R eg i me n t .

Fa c i n g t he ph o n t he w es t is t he t o mb
R o hill a c e n o ta

w h ic h pe rp e t ua t es t h e me m o ry o f a g a ll a n t li t t l e m i d s h i p

ma n w h o fell a t t h e s i eg e o f Ch a n d e r n a g o re i n 1 7 5 7 Th e .

me mo ri a l s la b w h ic h is fully s i x te en fe e t hi g h is bo t h
sin
g ul a rl y a n d i n a c c ura t ely w o rd ed Th e fo ll o w i n g in .

s c ri t i o n i s c ut U p o n i t i n e n o r mo us l et t e r s
p
He re ly e s t h e bo dy ul S p ek e , a ge d 19 , son o f
Hy His M a j es t y S hi p K e n t
’
. S pe k e , Es q .
, C a p ta in of s .

He l o s t hi s leg a nd li f e in t ha t s hip at t he c a p t ure of Fo rt

O rle a n s , t he 24t h o f Ma rc h , a nno

As a ma tt e r f a c t C ha n d er n a g o re w a s t a k en o n M a rc h
of ,

23 rd "
a nd B i llv S pe ke w ho a c c o rdi n t o I v es t h e S ur
, ,
g , ,

g e o n o f t he K e n t w a s o nly s i x t ee n v oa r s o l d di ed o n t he
, .
528 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

ut t e red ag r o a n t h a t c o uld be he a rd a t a y a rd di s t a nce .

Bo t h t he f a t h e r a n d s o n t he d a y a ft e r t he a c t i o n w e re sent
, ,

w i t h t he r es t o f t h e w o un d ed ba c k t o C a l c ut t a Th e fa ther .

w a s l o d g ed a t t h e h o us e o f “l illi a m M a c ket t his

'

Esq ,
.
,

"
br o t h er i n la w a n d h i s so n w a s w i t h me a t t h e hos p it al l
- -
,

M a c ket t s h o us e is s h o w n i n \V ill s ma p o f C a l c ut t a in
’ ’

1 7 53 a s s i t ua t ed i n Cli v e S t r eet t o t he ea s t beh in d the ,

premi s es n o w oc c upi ed by M es s r s G r a h a m 8: C o He . .

w a s N i n t h i n C o un c il a t t he t i me o f t h e c a p t ure o f t h e Fort

by S e r a j ud D o w l a h a n d w a s c a rri ed a w a y a s Ho l w ell
- -
, ,

r ec o rd s t o F ult a i n t he s hip s a ga i n s t h is w i ll Th e hos

,
.

’
pi t a l s t oo d in 1 7 57 t o t he n o r t h o f S t J o h n s Ch urc hya rd .

a t t h e c o r n e r o f C o un c il H o us e S t ree t a n d H a re S t reet .

In t h e fi r s t ei g h t o r n i n e d a y s I ga v e t he fa th e r great ,

c o m fo r t by c a rryi ng h i m j o yf ul t idi n g s o f h is bo y : a nd
,

in t h e s a me ma n n er I g r a t i fi ed t he s o n in reg a rd t o his
fa t h e r
. B ut a l a s fr o m th a t t i me a l l t he g o o d s y m p t oms
, ,

w h i c h ha d hi t he r t o a t te n d ed t hi s un p a r a ll el ed y o ut h bega n

t o di s a pp ea r He h a d been de liri o us t he even i n g p rec ed ing

t he d a y o n w hi c h h e di ed a n d a t t w o o c l oc k i n t h e m o rn
'

i n g i n t h e ut mo s t di s t res s o f mi n d he s en t me a n i n c o h e rent ,

n o t e w ri t t en by hi ms elf i n pen c il o f w hi c h t h e fo ll o w i n
g ,

is a n ex a c t c 0 p y : I f M r I v es w ill c o n s id e r t h e d i s o rder
.

a s o n m us t be i n w h en he is t o ld h e i s dyi n g a nd i s yet
,

i n d o ub t w he t he r h is f a t h e r is n o t i n a s g oo d a s t a t e of
he a l t h
. I f M r I ve s i s n o t t oo b us y t o h o n o ur t hi s c h it t
. ,

w hi c h n o t hi n g but t h e g r ea t e s t un ea s i n es s c o uld dra w

fro m me Th e bo y w a i t s a n a n s w er
. I m med i a te ly on .
’

rec eip t o f t hi s n o t e I v i s i t ed h im a n d h e ha d s t ill s ense

, ,

e n o ug h t o k n o w w ho I w as He t h en bega n w i t h me
. .

A n d i s h e d ea d ? W ho my d ea r ? My fa t h er Sir
’

,
’

,
.
’
S T .
j onN
’
s CH U R C HY A R D AN D C HA R N O C K M A U SO LE UM . 529

N o ,
my l o v e no r is h e in
d a n ge r I a s s ure yo u he
a ny ,

i s a l mo s t w ell Th a n k G o d t h en w hy did t hey t ell me

.

s o ? I a m n o w s a t i s fied a n d rea dy t o die At t h a t t i me he .

’

h a d a l oc k ed j a w a n d w a s i n g r ea t di s t re s s but I un d er
, ,

s t oo d ev ery w o rd s o i n a r t i c ul a t ely ut te red he begged my

p a rd o n fo r h a v i n
, g ( a s h e o bli i
g gn ly a n d te n d e rly e x pr es se d
h i ms elf) di s t urbed me a t s o ea rly a n h o ur a n d befo re t h e ,

”
d a y w a s en d ed s urr en d e red up a v a l ua bl e li fe
, .

F ro m t hi s hro n i c l e o f tea r s ta i n ed v i c to ry w e p a s s o n t o
c -

t h e a n n a l s o f a p e ri od w he n t he c i t y s a v ed by t he pro w es s

o f B illy a n d h is s hip ma t es h a d n o ex i s t en c e To t he n o r t h .

o f t h e t o mb o f t he y o un g he r o is t he Ch a r n oc k M a us o l e um ,

a m a s s i v e s t r uc t ur e oc t a g o n a l in fo r m a n d w i t h a d o ubl e ,

d o me w hi c h l a y s c l a i m t o be t he o ld es t pi ec e o f ma s o n ry i n
C a l c ut t a In ea c h fa c e is a lo w a n d n a rr o w a rc h w a y
. It .

w a s s o pl a c ed a s t o i m me di a te ly fro n t t h e o ri g i n a l en t r a nc e

t o t h e buryi n g g ro un d w hi c h o p en ed n o rt h o f it w h er e t h e
-
,

h o us es n o w i n t erv e n e bet w een it a n d t he mo d er n H a re

S t r eet It is lik ely t h a t i t c o n t a i n ed w h en fi r s t e rec t ed
.
, ,

t wo t a bl e mo n umen t s s id e by s id e w h o s e c o v e ri n g s l a bs
, ,

o f bl a c k s t o n e n o w fi ll up o n e o f t he w es t e r n a r c h e s o f t he

c h a mbe r The d a t e o f it s e rec t i o n s a y s A rc hd ea c o n Hyd e

.
, ,

w h o h a s di s c us s ed t he q ues t i o n w i t h m uc h t h o r o u h n es s
g ,

m a y fa i rly be a s s umed t o be t ha t o f t he c ut t i n g o f t h e
i n s c rip t io n in me mo ry o f Ch a r n oc k w hi c h h e p ut s a t s o me
d a t e pri o r to 1 696 9 7 He p o i n t s o ut t h a t t he s l a b w hi c h
-
.

b ea r s Ch a r n oc k s n a me c o n t a i n s a l s o t h a t o f h is eld es t
’

d a ug h t e r M a ry t h e w i fe o f Ch a rl es E yr e a n d h is s uc c es s o
, ,

i n t he o ffi c e o f Agen t S he die d o n F ebrua ry l 6 t h 1 696

.
,

9 7 th ree y ea r s a f t er h er fa t h e r a n d ex a mi n a t i o n o f t he
, ,
 CA CL U T TA O L D AN D N EW .

l et t eri n g ma k es it pl a i n t h a t t he t w o i n s c ri pt i o n s a re not
c o n t em po ra neo us E yr e too k c h a rge o f th e a g en cy on
.

J a n ua ry 23rd 1 693 94 a n d s i nc e t he i n sc riptio n s la b was

,
-
,

i n s i tu w i t h it s lo w e r h a l f v a c a n t w h en h is w i fe d ied thc
, , ,

er ec t i on o f t he M a us o l eum c a nn o t be d a t ed ma n y mo n ths

ea r l i e r o r l a te r tha n t he y ea r 1 695 .

Th e re c a n be d o ubt t h a t w h oev er el s e ma y a ft erw a rds

no ,

h a ve be en i n t erred w ithi n t he gr ea t to mb t h e body of ,

C h a r n oc k m us t h a ve oc c upied t he c en t ra l po s i t i o n a nd
s t ill r es t s the re E x ca v a t i o n s ma d e i n 1 892 a s t he result
.

o f t he s t a t e o f di s rep a i r i n t o w hi c h t he M a uso l e um had

fa ll en di s c l o s ed h uma n rema i n s i n t he c en tre o f th e floor

, .

lyi n g ea s t by w es t : a n d h a d t h e w o rk bee n pers i s t ed in .

t h er e i s ev ery lik elih o o d t he mo rt a l p a r t o f t he F a th er of

Them
’

C a l c ut t a w ould h a ve been di s c o v ered e a re fou r .

bl a c k s t o n e s l a bs n o w w i t hi n t he t o mb Th e t w o i n the .

c e n t r e c o mmemo r a t e Ch a r n oc k a n d hi s d a ug ht e rs Man ,

E yre a n d C a th eri n e W hi t e w ho s e h us ba n d J o n a t han s

'

s t o n e li es a mo n g th os e w h i c h en c irc l e t h e ba s e o f t h e Maw

s o leum o ut s id e Fl a n ki n g t h em o n t he ri ght is a s l a b in
.

memo ry o f M rs M a ri a E yl es a n d o n t he left is t h e w ell

.
,

k n o w n t a bl et w hi c h rec a ll s t he n a me o f S urgeo n W i lliam

Ha mil t on Th e i n s c ri p t io n s o n t he s l a bs a re a s fo ll o w s
.

( )
l D M Jo bus Ch a r n oc k Ar mi ge r An g l us e t n upt r
. O . .

i n ho c reg n o Ben g a len s i d ig n i s s imus Ang lo rum Agens ,

mo rt a l i t a t is s ua e e x uvi a s s ub h oc ma r mo re depo s uit ut ,

m
'

in s pe bea tae res urrec t io n is ad

Chri s ti j udic i s a d ven tu

o bdo r mi ren t .
Q ui po s t q ua m i n s o l o n o n s uo
p e regri !
ne

t us es s et di u, revers us es t d o mum s ua e a et ern i t a t is dccimo

d ie J a n ua rii , 1 692 . P a ri t er j a cet M a ri a J o bi
, p ri mo gen ta,i
 532 CA C L UTTA O L D AN D N EW.

t o ry w e re c ut o ff . In A pril 1 6 86 he g a v e h is
, en e m ies
t he s lip a n d rea c h ed H o o ghly w h ere h e a t on c e a s s u m ed

t h e c hi e f dir ec t i o n o f t h e E n gli s h a ff a i r s Fo ur y e a r s w e re .

t o el a p s e be fo r e t h e fo un d a t i o n o f C a l c utt a but h e n c e ,

f o r t h h is hi s t o ry is t h t o f t h e c i t y o f w hi c h h e i s t he
F a t h er . Bes id e s t h e t w o d a ug h t er s buri ed by h is s i de ,

he h a d a t hi rd E li z a be t h t h e w i fe o f “ ill ia m B o w ri d g e
, ,
’ '

w h o s ur v i ved i n C a l c ut t a un t il 1 7 53 .

Of Ch a r n oc k ife
r m m
’
s w g a v e o r
no o n u e n t h a s s ur

v i v ed : b ut t he r o ma n c e w hi c h t r a di t i o n h a s t hr o w n o v er

t h e m a rri a g e i s w ell k n o w n -
It w ill be fo un d in it s e a r
.

li es t fo r m i n t he n a rr a t i v e o f C a p t Ale x a n d er H a mi l t o n :
.

The c o un t ry a b o ut be i ng o v e rs pr ea d w i t h P a g a n i s m ,

t he c us t o m o f w i v es b ur n i n g w i t h t he i r d ec ea s ed h us b a n ds

Be fo r e t he M o g ul s w a r Mr
’
is a l s o pr a c ti s ed h er e .
, .

Cha un oc k w en t o n e t i me w i t h h is o rdi n a ry g ua rd o f s o l d i e rs
t o s ee a y o un g w id o w a c t t h a t t r a g i c a l c a t a s t r o p h e but ,

h e w a s s o s m i t t en w i t h t he w id o w s be a ut y t h a t he s e nt
’

h is g ua rd s t o t a k e h e r by fo rc e fr o m the ex ec ut i o n e rs ,

a n d c o n d uc te d h er t o h is l o d g i n g s Th ey li ve d l o v i n g ly
.

fo r ma n y y ea r s a n d ha d s e v e r a l c hild ren At l eng t h s he .

d i ed a ft er h e ha d s et t led in C a lc ut t a b ut i n s t ea d o f c o n ,

v ert i n h r t o Ch ri s t i a n i t y s h e ma d e h i m a pr o s e ly t e t o
g e ,

P a g a n i s m a n d t he o n ly p a r t o f Chri s t i a n i t y t h a t w a s
,

rema rk a bl e in h im w a s buryi n g he r d ec en t ly a n d he buil t ,

a t o mb o v e r h e r w he r e a ll h is li fe a f te r he r d ea t h h e k ep t
,

t he a n n i v er s a ry o f h e r d ea th by s a c ri fi c i n g a c oc k o n h er

t o mb a ft e r t h e P a g a n m a n n e r Thi s w a s a n d i s t he c o m
.
, ,

mo n repo r t a n d I h a ve bee n c redi bly i n fo r med bo t h by

, ,

C h ri s t ia n s a n d P a g a n s w h o li v ed a t C a l c ut t a un d e r h is
,
 J O HN S
’
CH U R C HYA R D AN D C HA R N O C K M A U S O LE U M . 533

a g e n cy t h a t t h e s t o ry w a s r ea lly t r ue m a t t er o f f a c t
,

H a m il t o n p ubli s h ed h is N ew Ac c o un t o f t he E a s t I n di es
i n 1 7 27 but h is d es c ri p t i o n o f C a l c ut t a m us t be d a ted
,

s o m e t w en t y ye a r s e a rli e r S i r Hen ry Y ul e re j ec t s t hi s
.

s t o ry a l t o get he r bec a us e t h e s a c ri fi c e o f a c oc k i s n o t
,

H i n d oo but i f i t be t h a t C ha r n oc k s m a rri a ge t oo k pl a c e
,
’

w h i le h e w a s a t ta c he d t o t he f a c t o ry a t P a t n a a n e x p la ,

n a t i o n ma y be f o un d i n t he f a c t t h a t t he ri t e fo r m s p a r t

o f t h e w o r s h ip o f t he P a nc h Pi r o r F i v e S a i n t s i n B eh a r ,

a c ul t w hi c h t h o ug h pri m a rily c o n fi n ed t o l o w c l a s s M uha m

m a d a n s is t h er e a d o p te d a l s o by H i n d o o s
,
Th e p ro ba bi .

I i t y is t h a t H a mil t o n is me re ly re pea t i n g c o n t empo r a ry

s c a n d a l w i t h reg a rd t o t h e h ea t h en s a c ri fi c e a n d t h a t t he ,

r ema i n d er is t r ue Fo r t he p o et i c epi t a ph c o n n ec t ed
.

w i t h t he n a me o f J o s eph To w n s en d t he Pil o t o f t he ,

”
G a n ges ,
w h o s e t o mbs t o n e i s o n e O f t h o s e pl a c ed a r o un d

.t h e M a us o le um s h o w s c l ea rly t h a t t h e t r a di t i o n r eg a rdi ng
,

t h e ma n n er i n w hi c h Ch a rn o c k w o n hi s d us ky b rid e h a d

s tro n
g h o ld o f t h e C a l c ut t a o f a s u c c eedi n g g e ne r a t i o n .

Th e v er s es a re w ell w o r t hy o f q uo t a t i o n by r ea s o n o f ,

t he i r c o rr o bo r a t i o n w h et h e r by a c c id en t o r d es i g n
,
of ,

t hi s p o r t i o n o f t he s t o ry t o ld by Ha m il t o n

I lipp ed my mes s ma t es , I m d ro ppi n g

’
ve s l
c a b e, a

do w n w i th t he t id e,

I h a ve my sa ili ng o rd er s ,
w hile y e a t a nc ho r
rid e
An d n ev e r , on f a ir J un e mo r n i n g h a ve I , p ut o ut

to s ea ,

W ith c l ea rer
'

i
c o n sc e n c e o r bet t er h o pe o r h ea rt
m o re l i ght a n d free .
5 34 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

N ay do n o t c ry , my K a t i e ,
ly a mo n t h a fl o a t on

A n d t h en t he ri n g a n d t he p a r s o n a t F a irl i g h t ,

c h urc h my d o a t , ,

—
The fl o w ers t re w n p a t h Th e Pr es s G a ng l N o — ,

I s h a ll n ev e r s ee
Her li t t l e g r a ve w h ere t h e d a i s ie s w a v e i n t h e
b reez e o n F a i rli g h t L ee .

S h o uld e r t o s h o ulde r J oe my bo y in t o t he c r o w d
, , ,

l ike a w ed g e ?

O ut w i t h y o ur h a ng er s me s s ma t es b ut d o n o t
, ,

s t ri ke w i t h t he e d g e

Cri es Ch a r n o c k s c a t t er t he fa
, gg o t s ! D o u b l e

t ha t B r a h mi n i n t w o !

The t a ll p a l e w id o w i s mi ne J oe— t he l i t t l e b r o w n
,

g irl s fo r y o u .

Yo un g Jo e ( y o u re n ea ri n g s i x t y) w h y is y o ur h id e
’

s o d a rk ?

M y K a t i e w a s fa i r w i t h s o ft bl ue ey es — w ho b l a c k
en ed y o ur s P — W h y ha r k ! ,

Th e mo r n i n g g un ! Ho s t ea dy ! The a rq uebuse
,

to me ,

I
’
v e s o un d ed t he h ea r t a s my l ea d
D ut c h Ad mi r a l
’
s

d o t h s o un d t h e s ea .

S o un di n g s o un di n g t h e G a n ges fl oa t i n g d o w n w i t h
, ,

t h e t id e ,

M oo r me c l o s e by Ch a r n oc k n ex t t o my n ut b ro w n ,

b rid e ,

M y ble s s i n g t o K a t i e a t F a i rli gh t : H o l w ell my ,

t h a n k s t o you ,

S t ea dy w e s t eer fo r h ea v en
,
t h ro ugh s c ud drifts ,
-

c o ld a n d bl ue .
536 CA CL U TTA ow AN D x zw .

I n th e l edger o f t he S herbo m e t he a c c o un t o f V V i llia m

,

H a milto n c l o s es w i t h t he s c o rn f ul w o rd run b ut be
co tn i n u e d h i s fli g h t t o C a l c u tt a a n d ,
i n D ec e m b e r 1 7 1 1 .

w as t k
a en o n t o t h e C o m p a n y s e
’
s t a b li s h m e n t a s s ec o n d

r
S u geo n in C l
a c ut t a . H e w a s a pp o i n t e d t o a c c o m p a n y

Su r m a n s
’
E m b a s s y t o D elhi i n J a n ua ry 1,
7 1 4 : a n d it w a s

d uri n g h is s t a y i n t he c a pi t a l t h a t h e c u r d
e t h e E m p e ro r

Fe r o kh S h a h i n N o v ember 1 7 1 5 In c o n s eq ue n c e s o runs
,
.
,

t h e t r a di t i o n t he pr a y er s o f t he E n gl i s h w er e g ra n t ed
,
.

Th e p urc h a s es o f t h e t hr ee v ill a ges o f G o v i n dpo re S ut ta ,

n ut t ee an d C a l c utt a ,
w a s c o n fi r med p e rmi s s i o n w a s g i ven
t o a c q ui r e Z emi n d a ri ri g ht s o ver t h e n ei g h bo uri n g v i l l a ge s :
a n d t he pri v il eg es o f fr ee t r a d e a n d a fr ee us e o f t h e M int

w e r e a c c o rd ed .

The E mba s s y l eft D e lhi o n i t s ret ur n j o ur ne y i n J uly ,

1 7 1 7 a n d rea c h ed C a l c utt a o n N o v ember 22n d

, H a m il t on .

di ed i n C a l c ut t a o n t he 4t h D ec embe r fo ll o w i n g The .

P er s i a n i n s c rip t i o n w hi c h s t a n d s bel o w the E n g li s h one

o n his t o mb s a y s t h a
,
h a v i ng r a i s ed h is n a me i n t h e four
.

q ua rters o f t he ea r t h by t he c ure o f t he Ki n g o f ki n g s the ,

pro t ec t i o n o f t he w o rld M uh a mme d F a rrukh s iy a r t h e vic

, ,

t o rio us , a n d w i t h a t h o us a n d di ffi c ulti es h a v i n g o bt a i ned

fr o m t he C o urt th e a s yl um o f t he w o rld p er m i s s i o n to
, ,

”
ret ur n to h is c o un t rv he di ed a s d ec re ed by G od His .

w i l l i s s t ill e x t a n t a mo n g t he c o n s ul t a t i o n s It w a s e x e .

c ut ed o n O c t o be r 27t h 1 71 7 a t, S urugeg urra o n bo a rd

,
”
t he boa t s go i n g fo r B e ng a l fro m D elhi a n d he de ,

s c ri bes hi ms elf i n i t a s W illi a m H a milto n C h y rurg ie n of ,

”
B en ga ll in t he E a s t I n di es He beq uea t h ed t o M r J o h n
. .

S ur ma n my l a rge D i a mo n d R i ng t h a t I h a d g i v en to
S T . J O HN ’
S CH U R C HY A R D AN D c m rmo c x M A U S O LE U M . 53?

m e by Ki n g Ferruc k s ee r a nd lik ew i s e my c ulgie ,

”
to t he Ch urc h of Ben g a ll o n e t h o us a n d r upees .

H a mil t o n s t ab l et is t o t he ri g h t o f Ch a r n o c k s
’
S urgeo n
’
.

O n t he l e ft bey o n d t h a t o f C a t h e ri n e W hi t e is a s l a b
, , ,

w hi c h lik e t h a t o f H a mil t o n h as been t ra n s ferred h ere

, ,

f r o m a n o t h e r po r t i o n o f t he o ld b uryi n g g r o un d I t be a r s -
.

t h e fo l lo w i n g i n s c rip t i o n

V i rt us po s t [a n ew w a i t — Th i s mo n ume n t w a s r
e ec t e d
i n me mo ry of M a ri a E yl es
d a ugh t er o f S ir J o h n VV it t c
,

w ro n g B a r o n et : a n d r eli c t o f J o h n G uml ey E s q
,
w ho ,
.
,

d i ed Chi ef o f D a c c a i n J a n ua ry 1 742 3 A f t e r bei ng

,
-
.

a g a i n ma rri ed a s h o r t t i me t o E d w a rd E yl e s Esq , o f ,
.

C o un c il a t F o r t W illi a m s he c o n c l ud ed t hi s li fe w ith a
,

bec o mi n g res i g n a t i o n t he 2l s t A ug us t 1 7 48 : bei n g w ell

, ,

es t ee m ed a n d muc h r eg ret t ed by t h os e w h o w er e a c q ua i n t
"
ed w i t h he r e n g a i n q ua l i fi a t i o a d p r o n a l me ri t
g g c n s n e s .

I n t he c o ns ul t a t i o n s fo r
J a n ua ry 1 748 E d w a rd E y les , ,

a pp ea r s a s o f C o un c i l a t C o s s i mba z a r L a t er o n i n t h e .

y ea r he w a s Z em i n d a r a t C a l c ut t a He m us t h a v e l e ft C a l.

”
c ut t a o r d i ed befo re t he Tr o ubles fo r h is n a me d oe s n o t
,

a ppe a r a s a h o us e o w n e r i n -
ma p o f 1 7 53 o r i n M r ,
.

Hill s l i s t o f E ur o pea n s a n d o th ers in t he E ng l is h F a c

’

t o ries in B en g a l a t t he t i me o f t he s i ege o f 1 7 56 He .

mus t n o t be c o n fo un d ed w i t h Ho lw ell s g oo d fri en d ’ “

M r E d w a rd E yre Te n t h o f C o un c il a n d S to re k ee pe r w ho
.
, ,

p e ri s he d i n t he B l a c k H o l e a n d w a s b r o t h er t o a D e an

o f W ell s a n d to M r R o be rt E yre fo r me rly Chi ef o f

.
,

”
Pa t n a .

Aro un d t he ba s e of t he M a us o l eum a re la id a nu mbe r o f

t a bl et s r emo ved fro m t he b uryi n g g ro un d ,
-
ra ngi ng in d a te
538 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

f ro m 1 6 93 t o 1 76 7 . Be g i n n i n g at t he n o rth er n en t ra nce ,

t he i i t o r w ill fi n d t he t o mbs to n es
v s in t h e fo ll o w i n g o rd er ,

proc eedi n g f ro m l ef t t o ri gh t
1 . M rs M a r t ha O rme ,
. w id o w of t he R ev e ren d R o be rt
”
O r me , di ed Februa ry 4t h 1 735 : a ged 67 : a n d M rs ,
.

L o ui s a Teres a M e r edi t h the ir d a ugh ter t he w ife o f J a mes

, ,

”
l
Vl e red it h i n h a bi t a n t o f t hi s pl a c e
,
di ed Sep t e m ber ,

1 2t h 1 7 4 1 a g ed 27
, ,
.

Thi s i s l o n g i n s c rip t i o n i n L a t i n O n e w o n d ers w ho

a .

t he R e v e ren d R o ber t O r me m a y h a v e been He fi n d s .

m e n t io n i n A rc hdea c on Hyd e s P a r oc hi a l An n a l s o f
’
no

B e n g a l a n d w a s n o t t h e r efo r e o n e o f t he ch a pl a i n s o f t he
,

p a ri s h o f Be n g a l Th e hi s t o ri a n o f B ri t i s h I n di a
.

( 1 7 28 w h o b o r e t h e s a me n a m e w a s a W ri t e r a t ,

F o r t W illi a m in h is ea rli er d a y s : b ut h i s p e ri o d o f r es i
d e n c e w a s fro m 1 744 t o 1 7 52 i n w hic h l a t te r yea r he w a s ,

t r a n s fe rred t o Fo r t S t Geo rge He r o se t o be Fo urt h in

. .

C o un c i l o f t h a t Pr es id en c y but did n o t r et ur n t o C a l c utt a

,
.

J a mes M eredi t h w a s a n a t t o r n ey He a ppea r s c o n s t a n t ly .

W M
’

( sa ys D r C R . il s o n ).i n. t h e pr oc eedi n g s o f t h e a y o r s

C o ur t fro m 1 7 34 o n w a rd s .

2 M rs J a ne S ma r t reli c t o f J o n a t h a n S m a r t ( s ee N o
. .
,
.

di ed S ep t e mbe r l 0t h 1 753 a ged 50 y ea r s , , .

1 . M r J a mes R o s s
. C a l c ut t a M erc h a n t di ed O c t o
, of , ,

be r 7 t h 1 75 1, a
g e d 45 ,B e l o w i s a q uo t a.t i o n f rom

H o ra c e ( O d e s 1 4 1 3) w i t h a n E n gli s h re n d eri n g fro m

, ,

F r a n c i s Tr a n s l a t i o n
’

( t h e f a t h e r o f S i r Philip F r a n c i s
) .

W i t h eq ual p a c e i mp a rt i a l fa t e
K n oc k s a t t he p a l a c e a n d t he c o t t a e e t
g g a
5 40 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W.

An n a M o o r e w as t he w i fe of Th o ma s J o s h ua M o o re ,

a i r me rc h a n t w h o w a s a c t i n g a s s ub a cc o mp t a n t a t
s en o ,
-

t he t i me o f he r d ea t h Th e l et t e ri n g o n t hi s t a b l et l y i ng
.
,

fa c e up w a rd s a nd ex po s ed t o t he elemen t s i s g ra d ua l ly ,

bec o mi n g f a i n t .

8. J o n a t h a n S ma r t s en i o r ( h us ba n d o f N o
,
di e d S ep .

t e mbe r 4t h 1 7 45 a ged 48 a n d h is s o n J o na t h a n S m a rt
, , , , ,

j un i o r di ed S ep t embe r 8th 1 747 a ged 25

, , ,
.

0. Ch a rl o t t e Bec h er w ife o f R i c ha rd Bec h er

,
U n d er .

n ea t h t hi s s t o n e ly et h t he r ema i n s o f Ch a rl o tt e B e c h er ,

t h e a ff ec t i o n a t e w ife o f R i ch a rd B ec h e r Esq i n the ,

.
,

E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y s s erv i c e i n Beng a l
’
S he died .

t h e 1 4t h da y o f O c t o be r i n t he y ea r o f o ur L o rd 1 7 59 ,

i n t h e 2l s t ye a r o f h er a g e a f t er s ufferi ng w i t h p a t i e n c e a
,

l o n g ill ne s s oc c a s io n ed by g ri ef fo r t h e d ea t h o f a n on ly
d a ug h ter w ho d ep a r t ed t hi s life a t F ult a t he 2ot h da y
,

o f N o v ember 1 7 56
, Thi s mo n ume n t is e rec t ed t o her
.

”
m emo ry by h er a fil ic t ed h us ba n d .

R i c h a rd B ec h e r w as Fo ur t h
C o un c il a n d C hi e f a t
in
D a c c a d uri n g t he Tro ubl es H ere M rs B ec he r a nd .

h er c hild w e re ma d e p ris io n e rs but thr o ug h t h e g ood

,

o ffi c es o f C o ur t i n t he F re n c h Chi ef w ere rel ea s ed a n d er

, p ,

m i t t ed t o j o i n t h e fo rl o r n c o l o n y a t F ul t a In 1 7 59 h e w a s .

T hird in C o un c il un d er Cli ve a n d a t t he Pres id en c y fo r ,

”
h e w a s t he s en i o r o f t h e Q uo r um o f Z emi n d a r s the ,

o t h e r t w o bei n
g F r a n kl a n d a n d H o l w el l w ho in M a y o f ,

t h a t y ea r d re w up t h e fa mo us Proc eedi n s w hi c h re u
g g
t he men i a l s erv a n t s o f t h e se t tle
“
l a t ed t h e w a ge s o f
me n t . F r o m Se p te mbe r 1 76 7 t o M a y 1 7 68 h e w a s , ,

Z emi n d a r .It is rel a ted o f h im t h a t he retired w i t h a

S T. J O HN ’
S C HU R C HV A R D AN D C HA R N O C K M A U S O LEU M . 5 41

co m pet en c e to E n gl a n d i n 1 77 4, but lo s t h is i
s a v ng s

t h ro ug h t he fa il ure o f o n e t o w h o m he h a d e n tr us t ed
th e m a n d w a s c o mpell ed t o ret ur n t o I n di a
, He w a s .

re a d mi t t e d a s a
- w ri t e r i n 1 781 but di ed i n C a l c ut t a i n ,

r t p o v e r t y o n N o v e mbe r 1 7t h 1 7 8 2 T h e s to ne o ve r
g ea , .

h is g r a v e i n t h e S o ut h P a rk S t r eet B uri a l g ro un d rec o rd s -

"
t h a t it is s a c r ed t o t h e me mo ry o f a n h o n es t ma n .

The P a ri s h R eg i s t er n o t es h is ma rri ag e t o M i s s Ch a rl o t te
G o li g h t ly o n N o ve mbe r 29t h 1 752 a n d o n J uly 3rd 1 7 54 , , , ,

t h e c hri s t en i n g o f th e li t t l e o n e Ch a rl o t t e w ho di ed d uri ng ,

t h e s a d d a y s o f w a i t i n g a t F ult a fo r t he a v e n i n
g g a rm y
o f Cl i v e a n d \V a t s o n It is w o r t hy o f rec o rd th a t a f t e r
.

’
B ec h e r s ret ur n t o C a l c ut t a i n 1 781 n o l es s t h a n fi f t een
B ec h er s c a me t o I n di a i n t he c o ur s e o f fi f t y y ea r s Amo ng .

t h e m w a s J o hn H a r ma n B ec h e r w h o s e d a u ht e r An n e
g ,

ma rri ed R i c h a rd Th a c k e r a y i n 1 81 0 a n d o n J uly 1 8t h , ,

1 8 1 1 bec a me t h e mo t h er o f t he n o v eli s t
,
.

’
10 . C a pta i n I s a a c D V a re n n e , di ed O c t o be r 24t h , 1 730,
a ge d 37 .

B y h is W ill d a t ed t he 1 7t h O c t obe r 1 730 he l ea ve s t he

, , ,

m a j o r p a r t o f h is e s t a t e t o h is w ife E li z a bet h w hom I ,

do a l s o a ppo i n t w i t h M r W ill ia m “ e s t o n o f t hi s t o w n i n
'

.
,

h a bi t a n t ex ec ut o r s ,
Thi s \V i llia m W es t o n R eg i s t ra r
.
,

o f t h e M a y o r s C o ur t w a s t he f a t h e r o f Ch a rl es W es t o n
’

, ,

t he ben e fa c t o r o f H o l w ell in h is o ld a ge a n d w i n n e r o f

t h e Ti ret t a B a z a r in t h e l o t t e ry o f 1 7 9 1 M rs E li z a beth . .

D V a ren n e m a rri ed in 1 73 1 M r S o l o mo n M a rg a s s en i o r
’
.
, ,

me rc h a n t w h o d i ed a t F ult a i n 1 7 56
,
.

11 . W illi a m Li ves a y ,
M e rc h a n t , a te f r h e ha d vo y a ged
 L
C A C U TTA O LD A N D N EW.

thes e p a rt s ma n y y ea r s a n emi nen t s uperc a rg oe t o t he

in , ,

e n er a l s a t i s fa c ti o n o f h is empl o y e r s a n d t h e p ub li c g o o d of
g
tra de res t s h ere ( muc h l a men t ed by th ose w h o kn e w h i m)
,

w i t h h is w i fe S a r a h a n d t h r ee c hild r en H es t e r J o h n a nd , ,

W illi a m w ho w ere a ll bo rn a n d dep a rted t hi s li fe a c c ord

,

i ng t o t he f o ll o w i ng a c c o un t M r W i l l ia m .

Li ves a y a ft er so rr o w i ng s o me t i me fo r h is s a id f a m ily
, ,

d ep a rt ed thi s life N o v embe r l 6t h 1 7 1 9 a ged 40 y ea rs , , ,

1 mo n th a n d 6 d a y s
,
”
W illi a m Li ves a y s w ill w a s p ro ved
.
’

o n N o v embe r 2l s t , 1 7 1 9 He d es i res t o be buried a l on g

.

w i t h my w ife a n d c h ildr en a n d t h a t t h ere ma y be a s t ron g

,

a n d ha n d s o me t o mb buil t o v er us —IV ils o n . .

12 . M rs . S a r a h B o urc h ier, di ed Feb r ua ry 1 2t h , 1 7 38

39 , ag e y ea rs R ic h a rd B o urc h ier w ho a cco rd i n g t o
d 35 .
'
, ,

A s ia tic us buil t t he o ld Co urt H o us e ( w hi c h s t oo d o n t he

,

An d rew s Kirk) a n d g a v e i t t o Go v er n me n t t o
’
s i t e of S t .

be us ed a s a Ch a ri t y Sc h o o l w a s in 1 7 33 Sec o n d o f C o unc il,

a t Fo r t W illi a m a n d M a s t e r A t t en d a n t o f t he P o rt F ro m .

1 7 50 t o 1 7 60 h e w a s G ove r n o r o f B o mba y a n d it w a s un der ,

h is a d v i c e t h a t Cli v e a n d W a t s o n d ec ided i n Fe brua r

y , ,

1 7 56 t o a t t a c k G e ria h t he s t ro n h o ld o f t he i i l
, g , p ra t c a

p ri n c e T ul,l a g ee A n
g ri a H e di ed p e n n il es s a
. n d i n s o l v en t

i n retir emen t .

13 . R i c h a rd C a ry M erc ha n t died
, , N o ve mber 1 5t h 1 708, ,

a g e d 35 y ea r s .

The fo ll ow i ng pa t h eti c e x t ra c t fro m t h e B eng a l P ublic

C o n s ult a t i o n s o f N o v embe r 23rd 1 7 1 0 h a s refe re n ce t o , ,

R i c h a rd C a ry s w id o w n é e J a n e N i c k s ma r ri ed a t M a d ras
’

A pril 23rd , 1 702 a nd w ho a ft er h is d ea th rema rried a ls o

,

a t M a dr a s J a mes C o lli n s o n o n J uly 6t h 1 71 0 1 1 -

.
,
544 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

I n 1 7 30, an q ua d ro n un der C a pt a i n G o s f rig ht

E n g li s h s ,

o f t he F o rdw ic h w a s d es p a t c h ed up t he H oo gh ly
,
w i th ,

i n s t r uc t i o n s to se i z e a ll v es s el s bel o ng i ng to t he Ge rm a n
C o mp a ny a t Ba n keba z a r a n d s uc ceeded i n c a p t uri n g th e
S t Th e res a w ith o ut a n y o pp o s i t i o n
. B ut a l a rg e v e s se l.

m a n a g ed t o get a wa y a n d a n c h o r in a po s iti o n c o mma n d ed

by t he g un s of t he B a n ke ba z a r Fo rt , a n d as it w as n ot

d eemed a d v i s a bl e to fo ll o w h er s he c o n tri ved t o esc a pe a n d

,

u t o ut t o s ea Th e Ge r ma n C o mpa n y h ere re f err ed t o is

p .

t he O s t e n d E a s t I n di a C o m p a n y w hi c h fo un d ed a s e t t l e ,

men t i n 1 724 o n t he l eft ba n k o f t he H o oghly s o me fi f t ee n ,

m iles n o r t h w a rd o f C a lc ut t a B a n keba z a r d o es no t a p p ea r
.

i n t h e ma p s o f t he pres en t da y but w a s o n t he ea s t b a n k ,

of t he H o og hly w h e r e G a r uli a n ow s ta nd s O ppo s i t e ,

B h a dre s w a r It w a s s o s t ro ng ly fo rti fi ed t h a t t he E ng l i s h
.

a n d t h e D ut c h c o mbi n ed t o g eth e r t o i n d uc e S h u a h o o d
j -

d een t he N a bo b o f Ben g a l ( 1 7 25 t o d es p a t c h a fo rc e

a i n s t it d i t w t k ft r l d ll t i
a
g a n a s a en a e a o n
g a n g a a n t e s s

t a n c e a n d t he fo rt i fic a ti o n s r a z ed t o t he r o u d
g n .

18 . In memo ri a m J o n a t ha n i W hite Ang li et in rebus

A n g lo rum admin is t ra n d is i n h oc Ben g a la e reg n o o li m Se
e un d i :
q ui a n n o s u a e p e reg ri na t i o n i s t rige s s i mo q ua rt o

a b hin c in a et ern a s m ig ra v i t d o mo s v i ges i mo t ert i o die

J a n ua ri i , a n no d o mi n i 1 703 .

\V e h a ve l
a rea dy ma d e
i t he a cq ua n t a n c e o f
J o n a th a n
“ hi te fo r he w a s t he h us ba n d o f Ch a rn oc k s y o un ges t ’
'

d a ug h t e r C a t h eri ne w ho died in c hild bed in 1 700 a n d lies

, ,

b uri ed by t he s id e o f her fa t h e r a n d s i s t er w ithi n t he ma u

s o l eu m .
s r.
'

J o uN
’
s C HU R C H Y AR D AN D C HA R N O C K M A U S O LE U M . 545

In 1 695, w e co me J o n a t h a n W hi te fo r t he fi rs t
a c ro s s

ti m e , as Sec ret a ry to t he C o un c i l i n t h e B a y W h en .

B e n g a l w a s c o n s t i t ut ed a s ep a r a t e Pr es id en c y i n 1 699 a n d ,

S i r Ch a rle s E yre c o n s tit ut ed i ts fi rs t P rqs iden t it w a s ,

o r d e r e d th a t the r e w er e t o be fo ur member s o f C o un c il

n a me ly J o h n B ea rd s ec o n d a n d a cc o un t a nt N a t ha n i el
, , ,

H a l s e y t hird a n d w a reh o us e keeper J o n a t ha n W hi t e

,
-
,

”
f o ur t h a n d p ur s er ma ri ne a n d R a lph S h eld o n
, fi fth ,

a n d rec e i v e r o f rev en ues I n 1 703 Wh i t e ha d ri s en t o be

.
,

s e c o n d in C o un c il u n d er t he Pr es id e n c y o f J o h n B ea rd w h o ,

d i ed i n 1 705 a t Fo rt S t Geo rg e : t he t hird w a s R a lph .

S h eld o n , a n d t he fo urth w a s J o h n R us s ell a f t e rw a rd s ,

G o ver n o r o f F o rt W illi a m fro m 1 7 1 1 t o 1 7 1 3 W hi t e s eems .

t o ha v e di ed w i t ho ut ma ki n g a w ill but in t he o ld C o m ,
’

p a n y s di a ry f o r 1 7 03 04 t h e r e i
-
s pr e se
, r v ed t he Oo py o f a

pa pe r w ro t e w i t h h is o w n h a n d a s v ery w e ll k n o w n t o us , ,
”
b ut w i t h o ut d a t e i n te rl in d n o r fi rm d o r sc al d It w ill
’ ’ ’
.

be fo un d repro d uc ed a t p a g e 350 o f t he fi r s t v o l ume o f D r .

C R \V i ls o n s E a rly An n a ls o f t he E n g lis h in B en ga l
. .
’
,

a n d is f ull o f a q ua i n t i n t er es t o f it s o w n Th e Ho n ble
’
.

J o hn Bea rd Pres id en t a n d R a l ph S heldo n o f C o un c il fo r

, ,

t he R i g h t H o n o ura b le C o mp a n y s a ffa ir s i n B e n g a ll
’
a re

n a med as E x ec ut o r s He gi v es . un t o m y s er v a n t s
Killera m A n n un t ra m S idd o C h un ee Bea t ri c e a n d M a ri a
, , , ,
”
my fo r me r s l a v es e a c h t w e n t y r up ees a nd w ill s a n d

a ppo i n t s t h a t m y bo dy be i n t err d n ea r my l a t e w i fe i n
’

her fa t h e r s t oo mb a n d t h a t a t oo mbs t o n e o f a bo ut o n e
’
-
,

ya rd s q ua re be en g r a v ed i n t he us ua l l ma n ne r a n d s e t t up
”
in s a id t oo mb Th e s l a b w hi c h bea r s h is n a me is
.

ex a c t ly lik e t h e o n e t o t he memo ry o f h i s w ife w hi c h i s ,

w ithi n t he Ch a r n oc k ma us o l eum b ut it h a s n o t been pla ced

35
 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

i n s id e a n d mus t h a v e been o n e o f t h o s e c o ll ec ted fro m

,

r ui n o us to mbs in t h e c h urc hy a rd i n 1 802 .

He pp ea rs fro m t he c o n t ex t o f t he p a pe r w r o t e wi
a

h is o w n h a n d t o h a v e ma rri ed a g a i n but h e o r d e r s th e

t h e da ug h t e r C a t h e ri n e w ho c o s t h i s fi rs t w i fe h e r l ife is
, .

t o be s en t t o E n g l a n d fo r ed uc a t i o n w i t h g oo d a t tend
"
a n c e a n d p r ov i s i o n s fo r s oe t en d er a n i n f a n t t h e v o y a e
g .

19 . H er e lyet h t he B o dy o f Ch a rl es B ea rd E s q w h , .
,
r

d e p a r t ed t hi s life t h e 3ot h D ec e mbe r An n o 1 7 4 7 a g ed

, ,

y ea rs He w a s t he s o n o f J o h n B ea rd E s q
. f o rmerl ,
.
,
t

”
Pre s id en t o f t hi s pl a c e .

Th er e r J o h n B ea rd s in s uc c es s i o n a t t h e head
w e e tw o

o f t he C o mp a n y s a ff a i r s i n B en g a l Th e fi r s t w a s on
’
.
,

t h e di s pl a c emen t i n 1 684 o f S i r “ i llia m H ed g e s ap ,

p o i n t ed Agen t a t H oo g hly un d er Fo rt S t G eo rg e h e died .

i n 1 685 a n d w a s s uc c eed ed by Ch a r n oc k Th e s ec ond .

bec a me Ag en t a t C a l c utt a in 1 699 a n d w a s s ec o n d Pref

,

d en t a t F o r t W illi a m fro m 1 701 t o 1 704 He w a s s uper

.

s ed ed bv t h e R o t a t i o n G o v e r n men t a n d died a t M a d ras

,

in 1 7 05 w o r n o ut by t he c o n s t an t bi c k eri n g s be t w ee n t he
,

O ld a n d N ew C o mp a n i e s w hi c h w er e n o t c o m po s ed fi n a llr
un t il t he a pp o i n t men t a s Pr es id en t o f An t h o n y VV el t d en in :
1 709 The w id o w o f J o h n B ea rd t he s ec o n d s s o n C h a rles
’
.
,

w h o s e t o mbs t o n e is h er e pre s e r v ed li v ed i n Cli v e S t reet

,

i n a h o use o n t he s i t e o f w h a t is n o w t he R o y a l E x c h a ng e ,

a n i t em o f c o n t emp o r a ry t o p o g r a phy s uppli ed b y W ill s

’

ma p o f 1 753 S he w a s s t ill a li v e in 1 756 w h en C a l c utt a

.

w a s c a p t ure d a n d w a s a mo n g th o s e w ho t ook r e fu e a t
, g
F ul t a .
548 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D s ew .

en te e r d t he C o mp a n y s s erv i c e in 1 752 a s a w ri t e r but

’

befo re l o n g ex c h a nge d t he c i v il fo r t he mili t a ry p ro f es s i o n .

A f t e r s er v i n g w ith S tri n ger L a w ren c e i n th e o pe ra t i o n s

r o un d Tri c hi no p o ly in 1 754 h e a c c o mp a n i ed Cli ve t o B e n
,

g a l in 1 7 5 6 a n d r ec ei ve d a C a pt a i n s c o
’
m m i s s i o n f o r h is

H
’
ll a n t ry a t t he s iege o f C a l c ut t a e w a s Cli v e s a i d e
g a .

de c a mp a t Pl a s s ey a n d w a s s ev e rely w o un d ed
- He no w .

rev e rt ed t o t he Ci v il S er v i c e a n d i n 1 760 w a s t h i r d a t
, ,

Chi t t a g o n g S ubs eq uen t ly he bec a me c hi ef a t P a t n a a n d

. ,

fro m 1 766 t o 1 769 w a s o f Co unc il a t Fo r t W i l l i a m .

He h a d n o w ma de h is fo rt un e an d ret urn ed t o E n g l a nd
w h e re i n 1 770 h e t oo k hi s se a t in t he H o us e o f C o mm o n s a s

me mber fo r N ew S h o reh a m In 1 77 7 h e s uc c ee d ed P i g ot
.
,

a s G o v er n o r o f F o rt S t Ge o rg e : a n d l a n d ed in M a d ra s in
.

t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r . D uri n g h i s t en ure o f o fii ce P o n di ,

c h erry c a pi t ul a t ed t o H ec t o r M un ro a n d bo t h G o v e rn o r
,

a n d G en e r a l w e r e c r ea t ed b a r o n et s A f t e r h is fi n al re t urn
.

t o E n g l a n d h e c o n t i n ued t o s it in P a rli a men t a n d p l a y t he

p a r t o f a n a bo b till h is d ea t h i n N o vembe r 1 7 9 1 , H e l e ft .

h is es t a t es t o h is c hild ren by hi s s ec o n d w i fe w h o w a s t he ,

d a ug h te r o f E d mo n d La w B i s h o p o f C a rli s l e : but b y h is
,
?

fi rs t w i fe (w h o s e epi t a ph w e a re h ere c o n s id e ri n g) he h a d
tw o so ns . The eld es t w ho di ed in 1 786 w a s a id e d e c a m p
,
-

t o S i r H e c t o r M un r o a t t he s i eg e o f Po n di c herry a n d c a rrie d

h o me t h e d es pa t ches a n d t h e c o l o urs o f t he fo r t res s fo r

pr es en t a t i o n t o t he Ki n g The s ec o n d s o n a n d s ec o n d
.

b a r o n et S i r Geo rg e B e rri man R umbo ld w h o s e bi rt h c o s t

, ,

h i s mo t he r he r li fe w a s s ei z ed by o rd e r o f N a po l eo n w h ile
,

M i n i s t e r R es id e n t a t H a mb urgh i n 1 804 a nd c o n ve yed a s ,

a pri s o n e r t o t h e Templ e i n P a ri s He d i ed a t Me me! i n

.

1 807 . Tw o o f h is s o n s c a me t o I n di a a n d j o i n ed t he ba n k
 U R C HYA R D ma us o l e um 549
’
S T .
J O HN S CH AN D C HA R N o c x .

i ng ho us e o f P a l mer 8; C o a t Hyd era ba d w h ere t h ey bo t h .

,

l ie buri ed Geo rge di ed i n 1 820 a n d S i r W illi a m t he

.
, ,

t hird B a ro n et in 1 833 th e l a t te r l ea v i n g fi v e s o n s ea c h o f
, , ,

w ho m s uc c eed ed in t ur n t o the ba r o n et c y w hi c h i s n o w h el d

b y t he y o un ges t S i r H o r a c e R umbo ld t h e w ell k n o w n E x

, ,
-

A mba s s a d o r R umbo ld K o t e in C h uddc rg h a t s t ill perpe

.
,

t ua te s t he c o n n ec t i o n o f t he fa m ily w i t h Hyd er a ba d but ,

t h e li n k h a s been s n a pp ed w hi c h bo un d t he m t o I n di a fo r

m o r e th a n a c en t ury .

20 M rs . J a n e D o ug l a s di ed N o vembe r 7 t h 1 755 a n d
.
, , ,

h e r d a ugh t e r H el en a ged 3 w h o pred ec ea s e d h er mo t h e r ,

o n J un e 22n d 1 755 : w i f e an d c hild o f M r Ch a rl es D o ug

,
.

l
‘a s t hi rd s o n o f S i r W illi a m D o ug l a s o f Kelh ea d B a r o n et
, ,
.

21 . C a p t a i n Geo rg e Go ri ng t hi rd s o n o f Sir H en ry G o r ,

ing , B a r o n e t di ed N ov ember 1 1 t h 1 7 50 a g ed 40 y ea r s
, , ,
.

He w a s t he s o n o f t he d e s c r ibes h im
fo ur t h B a ro n e t a nd

self as a M a ri n er i n h is w ill w hi c h i s d a t ed D ec e mbe r

30t h 1 738 His n eph ew S i r H a rry Go ri ng t h e s i x t h B a ro
, .
, ,

n e t m a rri ed J o h n An n a
, t he o n ly d a ug h t er o f J o h n Fo r s t e r
, ,

G o v er n o r o f Fo r t \V illia m fro m 1 7 46 t o 1 748 .

22 H ere ly et h i n te rr ed t h e B od y o f Ma rge ry J o n es
.
,

d a ught er o f Geo rge Cr o k e M e rc h a n t fo r merly o f C o un c il , ,

o f t hi s pl a c e S he w a s ma rry d i n Fo rt S t Geo rg e t o
’
. .

C a p ta i n J o h n J o n es t he 23rd o f O c t o be r An n o 1 7 1 1 w h o
, ,

a f t e rw a rd s bei n g a pp o i n t ed M a s t er At t en d a n t fo r t hi s
S e t t l emen t s he dy ed h ere t h e 25t h April 1 723 a ged 30
, , ,

”
y ea rs 1 da y .

23 . M rs
J a n e M a rti n w ife o f
.
,
Li eut en a n t C o l o n el -

F l e m i n g M a rti n di ed S epte mber 1 5t h , , 1 7 66 a g ed 35 yea r s

, .
5 50 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

24 8c 25 . pi a m memo ri a m M a rgerit a e A d a ms
In ,

Ke v di D o mn i B e n j a ma n is Ad a ms Ec c l es i a e K s ti i n Ben ,

l P a s t o ri s d i lec t a e O li m c o n j ug i s O bi i t d ec i mo 3 t io
g a a

C a len da rum S e pt e mb ris a n n o D o mi n i 1 703 .

M o r s J a n ua V it a e . P io rum n it a mur ex e mp lis , doc

t o rumq ue s er mo n ib us , P e ra n g us t a en im es t v ia q ua e ad

v ta i m d uc i t et p a uc i q ui i n v e n i un t . Ma t 7 .
,

T h es e tw o s ma ll l
s a bs ri g i n a lly fo rmed t he e n d s O f a
o

s ma l l ma s o n ry t o mb . Ad a m s w a s t hi rd in o rd er O f t h os e
”
w ho h eld t he O ffic e o f Ch a pl a i n a t t he B a y O f Ben g a l ,

He l d i n N o ve mber 1 69 9 a rri v ed o n J un e 6 t h
w a s e ec t e , , ,

1 700 a n d re t ur n ed h o me in M i c h a el ma s 1 706
, H e s et , .

a fo o t i n 1 704 a v i g o r o us pro j ec t fo r t he buildi ng O f a P re s i

d en c y Ch urc h but l e ft B en g a l befo r e h is e x e r t i o n s bo re

,

a n y fr ui t B e fo re s a ili n g fo r E n g l a n d h e ma d e h is w ill
.
,

s ea l i n g i t w i t h a s i g n et i n t he Pe r s i a n Ch a r a c t er r ea d i n g
”
B en j a mi n Ad a ms a n E n g li s h ma n ,
.

26 . S a muel J o n es s o n ,
of C a p t a i n S a muel J o n e s O f
Lo n d o n ,
w ho di ed P ur s e r O f t he s hip D utc h es s J un e 1 9 th , ,

1 704 .

Th e D utc h es s r ea c h ed C a l c utt a in J a n ua ry 29t h 1 7 04 ,

a n d t he c o n s ul t a t i o n boo k s p ea k s O f The P a c q t o f t he .

D utc h es s fro m t h e H o n o ur a bl e M a n a g e r s O f t he U n i t ed
Tr a d e bei n g t hi s da y br o ug h t t o us by M r S a mue l J o nes .
,

p ur s er O f s a id s hip — IV ils o n . .

27 . R a d ulp h us S h eld o n , A r mi ge r et Ill us t ris S hel

d o n ia n i s te ma t is h a ud i n di g n a Pro l es ,
mo rt a lit a t is s ua e

ex uv i a s in s pe bea t a e re s urrec t io n is s ub hoc t umul o d epo

a ui t A pril is 26 , 1 709 . Aet a t .
 552 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

w h ic h Sh eld o n , lrea dy been d ea d fo r o v er a

w ho h a d a

w a s n a med a s Thi rd o f C ounc il O n t he 4t h M a rc h 1. ,

fur t h er pro mo ti on c a me t o h a n d fo r t h e de a d ma n Th! .

S uc c es s w hi c h h a d
,
mus tered i n t he D o w n s l]
o n Ju

22n d 1 7 1 0 a rri v ed i n t he H oog hly o n M a rc h l s t 1 711,

, , ,

a n d s i x d a y s l a t er w ei g h ed a ga i n a n d a bo ut n oo n
”
up t o C a l c ut t a a n d a n c h o red o ppo s i t e t he Fo rt w ,

s he s a l ut ed w i t h s eve n g un s S he b ro ug ht a p a .

v o k in
g W e l t de n s c o m m i s s
’
i o n a n d a p po in t i n b
g y
c o mmi s s i o n , d a t ed J un e 23rd 1 71 0 t he Ho n , ,

S h el d o n E s q G o v e r n o r O f F o r t “ i llia m a n d
’
.
, ,

O f B en g a ll B ut t h e d ec rees o f t h e I n di a H o us e c o uld on
.

r ever s e t ho s e O f f a t e : a n d t he pl a ce w en t t o J o hn R ussel
w ho s t o od n a me d a s S he ld o n s S ec o n d O f C o unc il and
’

d es e rv es r e me mb ra n c e a s O li ve r Cro mw ell s g r a n d son

'
.

28 . H e re li es i n t err ed t he bo dy o f E li z a beth M a w .

w ife of C a p t a i n J o h n M a bbe M a ri n er w ho d ep a rt ed this

, ,

li fe t he 1 9t h o f M a y 1 6 99 in ye 23rd y ea r O f her a g e
, ,
.

29 . E l i z a bet h , W illi a m
w ife Of
Ba rrw el died
S ep t ember 25th 1 731 a ged 22
, W illi a m B a rw ell was
, .

a fa c t o r fro m 1 722 a nd was a pp o i n t ed

, P res ident
a nd G o ve r n o r o f Be ng a l in 1 748 dis
“
b ut w as ,
'
mi s s ed by o rd er O f t he C o urt a ft er f o ur t een m on thS

s erv i ce a s i n d ee d w a s h i s s uc c es s o r A d a m D a w so n
, He .

w a s f a t h er o f t h e bett er k n o w n R i c h a rd B a r w ell
-
w ho ,

s upp o r t ed H a s t i n s s o c o n s i s t en t ly in C o un c il r t i r d t o
g e e ,

E n g l a n d in 1 7 80 w i t h a fo r t un e re p ut ed t o a mo un t to
e i g h t y l a kh s bec a me a me mbe r O f P a rli a me n t a n d w a s the
,

t ypi c a l n a bob O f h is da
y H e o w n ed ex.t e n s i v e r
p p o e rtr

in C a lc ut t a i n c l udi n t he l a n d upo n w hi c h W rit ers Build ’

g
 5 1 .
J O HN s CH U R C HY A R D AN D C HA R N OC K M A U SO LE UM . 553

m gs r
w e e e ec t e r d by Th o ma s Ly o n s i n 1 7 76 , a nd w h i c h he
ren e t dC o mpa n y fo r R s
t o t he c urre n t . r upees
p e r a n n u m H i s h o us e a t Kidd
. er po r e i s n o w t he M ili t a ry
O rph a n As yl um W h en he di ed in E ng l a n d in 1 804
.
,
he
w a s 63 y ea r s O ld a n d t hi s w o uld pl a ce his bi rth i n
,
t he

y ea r 1 7 41 .

30 . F r a n c i s Ail ey , Th o ma s Ai ley , R i c h a rd Go url a y ,

-
O bt . Aug us t 1 9t h , Sep t embe r 5t h a nd 1 4th , 1 708 . F ra n c i s
. a g e d
yea rs3 ,
3 m o n th s , Th o ma s 5 y ea rs , a nd R i c h a rd
1 8 mo n th s .

t o mb O f th es e t hree c hildren rec a ll s t he p a s s a ge i n

Th e
S i r W illi a m H un t e r s Th a c k era y s i n I n dia : The pri c e
' ’

o f B ri t s h rul e i n I n di a h a s a l w a y s been pa id i n t h e li v es o f

l i t t l e c hi ldren To ma n y O f t he e a rly fa th ers O f C a l c ut t a

.
,

t h e c ur s e o n t he r eb uild er o f J eri c h o c a me bi tt e rly h o me

He s h a ll la y t he fo un d a t i o n t h ereo f i n h is fi rs t bo r n -

a n d i n h is y o un ges t s o n s h a ll h e s et up t h e g a t es O f i t .

p h s ki r i
O n the lk O f Ch urc h L a n e a n d t o
at t n g t he w a -
,

t he w es t o f t he Ch a r n o c k M a us o l eum a re a ro w o f ma s s i v e

m a s o n ry t o mbs Ta k en in t he i r o rd er f ro m t he n o r t h
.

w es t c o r n er O f t he Ch urc hy a rd th ey a re t h e f o ll o w i n g ,

31 . M rs F r a n c es J o h n s o n
. r t h e fa mo us
. Thi s is O f c ou s e,

B eg um J o h n s o n rema rk a bl e fo r h er l o ngev i t y h er
, ,

i n fl ue n ce a n d po p ul a ri t y in C a l c ut t a s oc i et y a n d h er fo ur
“

w ed di n g s Th e i n sc rip t i o n up o n h er t o mb w hi c h i s buil t
.
,

i n t he fo r m O f a G r ee k s hri n e a mply (a l t h o u h n o t a l w a y s
g ,

c o rr ec t ly ) s et s o ut he r li fe s hi s t o ry
’
She w a s t he s ec o n d .

d a ught er O f Ed w a rd Croo k E s q o f H erefo rd s hi re ,GO .

,

v er n o r o f Fo r t S t
”
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.
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'

a nd w a s bo r n t h e l ot h Of April , 1 725 . Her fa t h er , p ri o r

t o hi s ret i remen t fro m I n di a w a s O ffe red th e G o v er n men t

,

of F r
o t St . r
G eo ge but h e , d ec li n ed t he a pp o i n t m e n t o n

a c c o un t O f a g e a n d i n fi r m h ea l t h a n d ret ur ne d t o h is n a t i ve

c o un try w h e re w e r ea d h e w a s rec ei v ed w i t h h ig h re s pec t

by t he C o urt O f D i rec t o rs O n t h e 3rd N o v ember 1 7 4 4
. ,

n o t i n t h e y ea r 1 7 38 a s rec o rd ed by th e e pi t a ph w hi c h w o uld ,

—
pl a c e h e r o n ly in her t hi rt een t h yea r s he ma rri ed P a rry
P urpl e Te mpl er n eph ew t o Th o ma s B ra dd yll
,
t he n G o v ,

e rn o r o f C a l c ut t a a n d h o ld e r O f t h a t o ffi c e fr o m 1 7 38 t o

1 7 45 . By h i m s he h a d t w o c h ild re n w h o di ed i n fa n t s .

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,
-
,

t he s a me y e a r s he ma rri ed a g a i n
, Her s ec o n d h us b a nd
.

w a s J a me s Al t h a m o f C a l c ut t a w h o di ed O f t he s mal l p o x -

a few d a y s a ft e r t he ma rri a g e His d ea t h i n fa c t oc c ur

.

red w i t h i n a fo r t n i h t a d h w a b u ri e d o N o v e m ber
g n e ,
s n

1 2t h . S h e n e x t i n t er ma rri ed o n N o v e mbe r 24t h O f t he

fo ll o w i n g y ea r 1 7 49 , w i t h W illi a m W a t t s
, Esq t he n ,
.
,

S en i o r M embe r O f t he S upr eme C o unc il by w h o m s he h a d ,

i s s ue fo ur c h ildr en O f w h o m o n e W illi a m di ed in i n fa n c y ,
.

I n 1 7 56 t h e y ea r O f t he c a p t ure o f C a l c ut t a by S e r a j ud
,
-

D o w l a h W a t t s w a s c hi e f a t C o s s i mba z a r He w a s ho
’

, .

c o ur t ie r a s J o h n L a w t h e c hi e f O f t he n ei g h bo uri n g F r en c h
,

fa c t o ry a t S a id a ba d w as , I n s tead O f c ul t i va t i n g t h e y o ung
.

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’

i n g a t h is s upe r s e s s i o n but w a s un w i s e en o ug h t o r et urn

,

a bo ld a n d un c o mp ro mi s i ng r eply t o t he d ema n d ma d e
upo n h i m t o d e mo li s h h is n e w ly b uil t fo r t i fi ca t i o n s -
An .

i m medi a t e a d v a n c e o n C o s s i m ba z a r res ul t ed in t he s ur
ren d e r O f t he E n g li s h w i t h o ut t he fi ri n g o f a s h o t a n d t he ,

d r a m a t i c s ui c id e o f J o h n E l li o t t h e Li e ut en a n t i n c o m ma nd
,
 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

l a t e t he w ife , a ndid o w O f G eo rg e P o y ntz

now t he w
”
R i c k et t s E s q l a t e G o v e r n o r O f B a rba d oes
,
.
, A t t h e t ime .

O f t he i r c a p t i v i t y in M oo rsh ida ba d t he s e c h il d re n w ere ,

s ix y r
ea s f ou r,
y r
ea s a n d o n e y e a r O l d re s p e c t i v e l y M r
,
.
s
.

W a t t s re t ur n ed a l o n e t o B en ga l i n 1 7 69 t o a d m i n i s t er he:
h us ba n d s es t a t e O n th e l s t J un e 1 7 7 4 s h e i n ter
’
.
, ,

ma e rri d w i t h t h e R e v e r en d VV i ll i a m J o h n s o n t h e n p rin ,

c ip le ( s ic ) Ch a pl a i n O f t he Pr es id e n c y o f F o r t V V i l l ia m .

S h e w a s n o w i n h er 5ot h y ea r a n d i t ma y be g ue s s e d t hat ,

h er fi n a l m a t ri mo n a l v en t ure w a s n o t a l t oget h er a s uc c e s s fu l
o ne . S h e re fus ed t o a c c o mp a n y h er h us ba n d t o E n g l a nd
i n 1 788 a n d he h a d t o c o n s o l e hi ms el f a s be s t h e c ould
,

w i t h t he t hr ee a n d a h a l f l a kh s O f r upees h e i s s a i d t o ha w
- - -

c a r ri ed a w a y by w a y o f a c o m pe t enc e F o r t h e n e x t q uar .

t er O f a c en t ury s he c o n t i n ued t o r es id e in C a l c ut t a a n d her ,

h o us e w a s t h e r en d ez v o us O f t he f a s hi o n a bl e w o rl d o f the
s e t t l eme n t Her fo r t une w a s a mpl e a n d her h o s p i t a li ty
.
, .

"
a s w e a re t o ld di g n i fi ed a n d gen er o us
, S he l i v e d to .

t he n o rt h w a rd O f t he O ld Fo r t w h ere Go v e r n o r Crut

t en den s s p a c i o us ma n s i o n h a d s t oo d befo re t he s i e g e and

’

w h er e a ro w O f bus i n e s s o ffic es n o w fo r ms t he n o r thern

s id e o f F a irli e Pl a c e S he di ed o n t he 3rd O f Fe b rua r) .

.

1 81 2 h a v i n g ne a rly co m pl et ed her 87 th y ea r
,
t h e O ldest

B ri t i s h res id en t in B en g a l un i v er s a lly be l o v ed res p ec ted

, ,

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a n d r ev e r ed S O c o n c l udes t he ep i t a ph The O ld bur) “

. .

i n g g ro un d t h en c l o s ed fo r fo rt v Ye a r s w a s re o p en ed in
-
, ,
-

h er h o n o ur D uri n g t he G o v e r n men t o f L o rd VV ell es lev

.

s h e h a d been a c c o rd ed t he s pec i a l pri vil eg e O f s elec ti ng

he r l a s t re s t i n g pl a c e n o r t h w a rd O f t he mo n umen t erec ted
o v er t he r v e O f A d mi r a l \V a t s o n a t t h e n o rt h w e s t a n le
g a
g
-

O f t h e c h ur c hy a rd : a n d h e r e s he w a s i n t e rr ed “
The .
S T .
J O HN S C H
’
U R C HY A R D AN D C HA R N O C K M A US O LEUM . 557

f un e ra l we r ea d t d d by a n umer o us c o mp a n y
,
w a s a t en e ,

a m o n g w h o m w e r e t he R i gh t H o no ura ble t he Go ver n o r

G e n e r a l ( Lo rd M i n t o ) i n t h e s t a t e c o a c h w i t h s ix h o rs es ,

a n d a de t a c h me n t O f t h e bo dy g ua rd : t he H o n o ura bl e S i r

H e n ry R us s ell ( Chi ef J us ti c e O f t h e S up reme C o urt a n d

u n c l e o f t h e ill fa t ed R o s e Ayl me r) t he H o n o ur a bl e J o h n
-
,

L u m s d en E s q ( M e mbe r O f C o unc il ) a n d o t h e r h i g h O ffi
, .
,

c i a l s O f t h e s ettl e me n t Her ma n n ers . w e l ea r n fro m ,

t h e B e n g a l Obi t ua ry w er e c h eerful po li s h ed a n d h i ghly

, ,

p l e a s i ng S h
. e a b o un d ed in a n ec d o te a n d p o s s es s i n
g e a s e

a n d a ff a bility o f c o m mun i c a t i o n her c o n ve r s a ti o n w a s

,

a l w a y s i n t e res ti n g w i t h o ut a n y t e n d e n c y t o fa t i ue t h e
, g
b e a re r He r v iew s O f life w e re c o rr ec t a n d t he benevo l en c e
.

O f h e r h ea rt a n d t he w a r m th o f h er a ff ec ti o n s c o n ti n ue d

un i m p a i red t o t he l a t es t pe ri od O f h e r life W e o f a l a t er .

n e r a t i o n c a n o n ly fa irly i ma i ne t he c h a r m w hic h i n t er
g e g
c o urs e mus t h a ve p o s s es s ed w i t h o n e w h o h a d h a d s i ht O f
g
S e r a j ud D o w l a h a n d s pe ec h w i t h Cli v e a n d W a t s o n a n d
- -

w h o li ved t o s ee J o h n C o mpa n y di c t a ti n t r m t H lka r

g e s o o

a n d S c in d ia a n d t h e v e ry M a h ra t t a s w h o s e o n s l a u ht o n
g
C a l c ut t a s he ha d o n c e s o muc h d rea d ed .

“ ’
e n ex t a ppr o a c h t he t o mb O f o ne w h o s e fa t e it w as
to d ie i n t he f ull t id e o f s uc c e s s , but w ho se na me is i mperi
sh a b ly w ri t t en up o n t he l
a n n a s O f o ld C a l c ut t a VV e
.
’

w ill
le t t he s i mpl e yet el o q uen t i n s c rip t i o n s p ea k fo r it s elf

( )
2 H ere li e s i n t erred t he B o dy o f Ch a rle s W a ts o n ,

Esq i c e Ad mi r a l o f t he W hi t e
.
,
-
C o mma n d er i n Chi ef O f ,
- -

H is M a j es t y s N a v a l Fo rc es i n t he E a s t I n di es w ho de
’

p a rted t hi s life t he l 6t h da y o f Aug us t 1 757 i n t he 44t h , ,

y ea r O f his a ge G e ria h t a k en Fe br ua ry 1 3t h 1 7 56 : C a l
.
,
 558 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

c freed J a n ua ry 1 1 t h 1 757 : Ch a n dern a go re ta ken

ut t a , , ,

"
M a rc h 23rd 1 7 57 ,
E x eg i t mo n umen t um ac re pe ren n ius
. .

A few wo rd s ma y be a dded by w ay Of s u pplemen t t o the

g l o ri o us li s t O f a c hi ev eme n t s w hi c h a re h e re rec o rd ed
.

Ch a rl es W a t s o h w a s t h e s o n O f a preben d a ry O f VVest
m i n s t e r a n d w a s bo r n i n 1 7 1 4 He en t ered t he n a v y in
.

1 7 28 a s a V o l un t eer o n bo a rd t he R o mn ey a n d h a v i ng
, ,

hi gh i n fl uen c e a t t he Ad mi ra l t y p a s s ed r a pidly t h ro ugh

,

t h e s ubo rdi n a t e r a n k s .

O n t h e 9t h M a rc h , 1 754, His M a j es t y
hip K en t O f 70
’
s s

u n s c o mm i s s i o n ed by Ca p t a i n H en ry S pe k e a n d fl yi n g
g
t h e fl a g o f R ea r Ad m ir a l Ch a rl es W a t s o n O f t h e Bl ue
-
,

C o mma n d er in Chie f in t he E a s t I n di es s a il ed fro m Ply

- -
,

m o ut h w i t h t h e Tyg er S a li s bury a n d C um berla n d a n d tw o

,

o t h er s hip s ( w hi c h bec a me a l mo s t i mme di a te ly di s a b l ed } ,

a n d a l a r g e bo d y o f t r o o p s i nc l udi n g Adle rc ro n s R eg i ment

’

O f M a ri n e s w ho w e r e l a t e r t o h elp Cli v e t o w i n t h e b a tt le

O f Pl a s s ey . Th e ex pedi t i o n w a s i n t en d ed t o s uppo r t t he
C o m p a n y s O per a t i o n s in t he I n di es a ga i n s t t he F ren c h
’
s

w h o w ere un de r B us s y a n d L a lly c e me n t i n g t he fo un da

t i o n s O f e m pire l a id by t h e ge n i us O f D upl ei x Th e log .

O f t h e K en t ma y be s een a t t h e R ec o rd O ffi c e i n Ch a n c e ry

L a n e a n d a j o urn a l o f h er v o y a g e w a s p ubli s h ed in 1 7 7 3
,

by he r S urg eo n E d w a rd I ves ,
O n t he 1 1 t h N o ve m be r
.
,

1 7 55 t he s q ua dr o n a n c h o red i n B om ba y h a r bo ur a n d t he r e
,

fo un d Li eut C o l o n el R o ber t Cli v e w ho h a d l a te l y

.
-

l a n ded o n t h e i s l a n d w i t h t hree c o mp a n i es O f t he K i n g s ’

A rt ill ery w i t h t he d es ig n o f c o o p era t i ng w i th t he Li a b

-

ra t t a s a ga i n s t t h e F r en c h i n t h e C a r n a t i c a n d t he D ec c a n .
 560 CA C L U TT A O L D AN D N EW .

mo n s to R en a ul t , t he F r en c h Go v e r n o r , t o s ur ren d er . The
a tta c k beg a n d a y s l a t er a n d by t he mo rn i n g Of the
tw o ,

1 6t h t he E n gli s h i n s pit e O f t he d ete r mi n ed res i s t a n ce of

,

t h e F r en c h h a d d ri v en th ei r ene mi es i n t o t he c i t a d el and
,

o c c upie d t he s ur ro un di n g h o us es w h i c h ga v e t h em th e pra e

ti c a l c o mma n d O f t he Fo rt R en a ul t s on ly h o p e n o w lay
.
’

i n bl oc ki ng t he n a rro w p a s s ag e f o rmed by a s a n d ba n k in
t he ri v e r a s h o r t di s t a n ce bel o w t he t o w n in o rd e r t o a rrest
,

t he pr og r es s o f W a t s o n s s q ua dr o n F o ur l a rg e s h ip s and
’
.

a b ul k w e re s un k a n d a l a rg e c h a i n a n d boo m l a id a c ro ss :

b ut t he c h a i n w a s a t o nc e c ut by a p a r t y fro m t h e Tyger .

a n d t h e F ren c h pil o t s a n d bo a t men h urri ed a w a v w i t h ou t

s t a y i n g t o s i n k t w o o t h e r s hip s w hi c h w o uld h a v e com

l e t ely eff ec t ed t h ei r O bj ec t T h e i r m i s fo rt un es w e re c a used

p .

by t h e d efec t i o n O f t he o n ly a r t ill e ry o ffi ce r i n t h e g a rri s on :

a S ub Li eut e n a n t by t h e n a me O f C o s s a r t de Te r r a n ea n
-
,

u h o m t r a di t i o n c o n n ec t s w i t h t he betr a y a l o f t h e ri v e r pas

s a g e t o t he E n g li s h Ad m ir a l As a ma t t e r O f f a c t VVat
.
,

s o n s o l ved t he riddl e i n a p e rf ec t ly n a t ur a l m a n n e r f o r the ,

ma s ts O f t he s un k en S hip s w e r e l eft s t a n di n g s o a s t o mark

t h ei r p o s i t i o n : a n d de Terra n ea u S O fa r fr o m c o rro bo rat
,

i n g t he s t o ry by c o m mi t t i n g s ui c id e in d es p a i r a n d g ri ef .

li v ed o n un t il 1 7 65 B y t he 1 8t h O f M a rc h t h e K en t the
.
, ,

S a l is bury a n d t he I y g er a n c h o red o ut O f t he ra n g e o f Fort

' '

d O rlea n s h a lf a mil e be l o w t he n a rr o w p a s s a g e a n d w a i ted

’

fo r t he ri s i n g O f t h e t id e O ff t h e Pr us s i a n O c t a go n s o ca lled ,

bec a us e it w a s t he h e a dq ua r te r s o f t h e co mme rc i a l a gen t

O f a n E mbd e n c o mp a n y O f me rc h a n t s Fo ur d a y s l a t e r the
.
,

w a t e r s e r v ed t h e s hip s a n d i n t h e ea rly mo rn i n f t he
, g o

23rd C li v e s men s t o rm ed t he ba t te ry c o v eri ng t h e p a s s a ge

’
, ,

w hi le t he fl eet u id e d b t h li h t pl d t h i
g , y e g s a c e e e v e n ng
ST . J O HN
’
S CH U R C HYA R D AN D C HA R N O C K M A U SO LE U M . 56 1

b e fo re on the ma s t s of t he s un k en v es s e s l ,
mov ed i n t o
p o s i t i o n o ppo s i t e t he Fo rt a n d o p en ed fi re a t s ix o c l oc k ’
.

B y h a lf p a s t t en a ll w a s o ve r : a n d R en a ul t h o i s t ed t he
-

w hi t e fl a g a nd d ema n de d a pa rlev His o w n pi c t ur e o f .

t he s i t ua t i o n is a s g r a phi c a s i t i s t er s e The ba s t i o n s .

w e r e un d er mi n ed t he g un s di s mo un t ed t h e ga rri s o n de
, ,

m o r a li z ed by t he l o s s o f a ll t he g un ne r s a n d n ea rly t w o
'

h un d r ed men t o s uc h a n ex t en t t h a t n o on e c o uld s h ow
h i m s elf o n t he ba s t i o n s d emo li s h e d by t he fi re o f mo r e
t h a n 1 00 g un s S t ill t h o ug h d e fea t ed t he F r en c h w e r e
.
,

n o t di s g ra c ed W a t so n s p a s s a ge o f t h e ri v er in t he fa c e
.
’

o f a de s t r uc t i v e fi r e fro m t he Fo r t w a s a fe a t r em a rk a bl e

i n t h e n a v a l hi s t o ry o f t he t i mes but it ma y be q ues t i o n ed

w h e t he r i t d oe s n o t yi eld t h e p a l m t o R e n a ult s g a ll a n t
’

e l ev en d a y s d ef en c e w i t h o ut a m ili t a ry en g i n ee r w ith o n ly
’
, ,

a f ew s a il o r s fr o m t h e F re n c h E a s t I n di a m a n S a i n t C o n t es t

t o w o rk h is g un s a n d w i t h o n ly 500 E ur o pea n s a n d 50
,

To p a s s es t o o ppo s e t o Cli v e s di sc ipli n ed s epo y s an d E n g

’

l is h men . Th e E n g li s h l o s s w a s t he h ea v i er o f t h e t w o .

T h eir c a s ua l t i es a mo un t ed t o 206 a s a ga i n s t 1 50 kill ed ,

a n d w o un de d o f t he F r en c h fi g ures w hic h a re i n ves t ed

,

w i t h a s i g n i fi c a n c e a ll t h ei r o w n w h en t he n umeri c a l w ea k

n es s o f t h e f o rc e s e n g a g e d i s bo r n e i n m i n d R en a ul t a n d .

h is C o unc il w ere k ep t c l o se pri s o n ers un t il t he o v ert hro w

of Se ra j ud D o w l a h a t Pl a s s ey
- -
a nd t he t o w n a ft e r a

ill a ge o f f o ur d a y s w a s r a z ed t o t he g r o un d a s a l a ud
p ,

a bl e n a t i o n a l r ev e n g e fo r t he c o n d uc t o f L a lly w h o ha d
’
d es t ro y ed t h e E n g li s h f a c t o r s h o us es a t F o r t S t D a v id .

a n d s o ld t he ma t e ri a l s Th e w o rk w a s c a rri ed o ut s o effec
.

t ua l ly t h a t o n ly a few i n di g en t w id o w s h ut s rema i n ed ’

s t a n di n g . The p a l my d a y s o f t h is l a rge ri c h a n d t h riv ,

36
562 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D n ew .

ing co onl y w e e a t a n en d a n d w t
r i h her f a ll i hed i nto
va n s

thi n a ir a ll t he drea my a mbi t i o us pro j ec t s of D uplei x .

Th e r ema i n i ng mo n t h s o f W a t so n s li fe w ere s pen t at ’

Fo rt W illi a m i n a v a i n c o mba t w i t h t he d ea dl y c l i ma t e of
C a l c ut t a The mo rt a li t y a t t he n a v a l h os pi ta l w a s verv
.

r e t I v es w ho w a s i n c h a r e o f it r rd d t h d ea th
g a .
g eco e e ,

o f 1 80 men ex c l us i v e o f t h o s e s l a i n i n ba tt l e
, b et w een ,

Ch ri s t ma s D a y 1 756 a nd N o v embe r 7t h 1 7 57
, , Amme , .

th em w a s t he ga ll a n t Ad mi ra l hi msel f w ho di ed o n t h e 1 6111
A ug us t .A mo n umen t by Sc h ee ma kers e rec t e d by the
C o mp a n y in t he n o r t h tr a ns ep t o f W es t mi n s t e r Abbe"
h a rd by t he g ra v es o f G l a d s t o n e Pi t t Fo x a n d G r a t ta n
, , , .

d oes h o n o ur t o t he memo ry o f thi s g rea t a n d no b l e ma n :

a n d a ba o et c r n y w a s c o n fe rr ed i n 1 7 60 u p o n h i s s on

Ch a rl es a bo y o f n i n e y ea rs o ld The mo re mo d es t tri
,
.

but e o f C a l c ut t a mus t be s o ught h e re : yet w h a t n e ed had

W a t s o n o f s t a t ue o f ma r bl e o r o f bro n z e ? E x eg i t mom:
men t um ( a re peren n ius .

To t h e s o ut h o f Ad mir a l W a tso n g r a v
’
s
e a re t w o o ther

t o mbs : p o s s es s i ng n o hi s t o ri ca l i n t eres t in t h ems el v es but ,

meri t i n g n ev er t h el es s a p a s s i n g g l a n ce by rea s o n o f t heir

ma s s i v e c o n s t r uc t i o n a n d o ld w o rld a pp ea r a n c e
-
.

( )
3 M rs E li z a beth Re ed , w i fe
. of J ohn R eed , w h o depa rt
ed thi s li fe t he 1 6th Sep t ember , 1 767 , in t h e 26t h y ea r of

her a g e, a nd h er di ed th e 1 7t h N o v ember
i n fa n t s on w ho .

fo ll o w i n g a ged o n e mo n t h a n d 1 2 d a y s
,
O ne w h o a d o rn .

ed t h e a d mi r a bl e v i rt ues o f a d uti ful c hild a s i n ce re a n d lov ,

i ng w i fe a t en d er a ffec ti o n a t e pa ren t a ki n d rel a t i o n a nd

, ,

t rue fri en d a h uma n e mi s tres s a n d a rea l w ell w i s her to

,
-

a l l he r fell o w c rea t ures -

.
 L U TTA
CA C O L D AN D N EW.
'

s us pen s i o n d uri ng w hi c h t i me he n o t o n ly perfo rmed his

c l e ri c a l fun t io n s , but c o n s o l ed hi ms elf w i t h t a k i n g s ha re
i n t he m uc h c ri t i c i z ed s a l t bet el a n d t o ba cc o m o no pol y
, ,

s a n c t i o n ed by Cli v e a s t he a ut h o ri z ed met h o d by w h i c h the

C o mp a n y s s e rv a n t s mi g h t g ro w ri c h
’
. I f w e a re t o belie s
t h e s o me w h a t j a un di c ed C on s i dera i i on s o f M r . \ V illiam
Bol ts ,
P a rry s t w o t h ird s s h a re br o ugh t hi m i n n o less
’
-

i
tha n t h e fi r s t y ea r a n d t he s ec o n d. B ut h s

e n j o y me n t o f h i s fo r t un e w a s v e ry b ri ef. He d i ed on
A pril 1 3t h 1 7 6 9 a n d i s b uri e d i n t h e S o ut h P a r k S t ret
, ,

buri a l g r o un d w hi c h h e li v ed j us t l o n g en o ug h t o c o nse
-

c ra t e.
 C H AP TE R V II .

THE P AR K S TR E E T C E M E TE R I E S .

( B Y M R . J U L IA N C O TTO N ,

I T ha s O f t en been a ma tt e r o f w o n d er t h a t C a l c ut t a r es i
d e n t s s o s eld o m v i s i t t h e c e me t eri es in P a rk S t reet w h e re
t h e i r pr ed ec es s o r s h a v e been l a id t o r es t l o n g y ea r s a go .

F r o m t h e d a y s o f S o phi a G ol dbo rn e d o w n t o t h e mo re
r e c en t t i mes o f H un t e r Kipli n g a n d B us t eed t h es e g r ea t
, ,

m a g a z i n es o f mo r t a li t y h a v e been ex pl o red by a ut h o r s
w h o h a ve m a d e t h e m f a mo us To t he g en er a l p ubli c t h ey
.

a re un a c c o un t a bly li t t l e k n o w n B uri a l s a re n o l o n ge r
.

a ll o w ed i n t h em ex c ept t o t h e o w n e r s o f f a mily v a ul t s
, ,

b ut a s a rec o rd a n d a reli c O f t h e p a s t t h es e h o m es o f t h e
O ld d ea d h a v e a n i n t er es t w hi c h i s pra c t i c a lly in
e x h a us t i bl e .

A r a mbl e a mo ng t he t o mbs w ill t ea c h t he v i s i t o r mo r e

a bo ut t h e c a ee r r o f o ur a n c es t o s rL a n d o f R eg ret s
in t he
t h a n ma n y a n h o ur s p e n t o v er m us t y r ec o rd s A des c rip .

t i o n o f t h es e pl a c es a s t h ey a pp ea red i n 1 785 i s t h us i ve n
, g ,

b y S o phi a G o ldbo rn e : A l a s ! A r a be ll a s h e w ri t es i n
,

s en t i men t a l s t r a i n t he B e n ga l b uryi n g g r o un d s
, ( for

t h e re a re t w o o f t h em bea r a mel a n c h o ly t es t i mo n y t o t h e
)
t r ut h O f my o bs erv a t i o n s o n t he s h o r t d a t e o f ex i s t e n c e i n

t hi s c li ma t e . O beli s k s a nd p a g o d a s a re e r ec t ed a t g r ea t
e x p e n s e ; a n d t h e w h o l e s p o t i s s urr o un d ed b w ll
y a s e

t ur n ed a w a lk a s t h o s e y o u t r a ve r s e in K en s i n t o n G a r
g
d en s o r n a men t ed by a d o ubl e ro w o f a r oma t i c t r ees w hi c h
, ,
 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D

a ffo rd a l mn a n d bea ut i f ul s h a de ; in a w o rd n o t O ld
so e ,

W i n d s o r Ch urc hy a rd w i t h a l l it s c ypres s a n d ye w s i s in
’

t he s ma ll es t d eg ree c o mp a r a bl e t o t h e m ; a n d I q ui t t ed

t h e m w i t h un s pe a k a bl e r el uc t a n c e The o p po s i t e p o i n t
.

o f v i ew a pp ea r s i n a p oe m o n C a l c ut t a p ubli s h ed i n 1 81 1

”
by a n a n o n y mo us a uth o r I ha te .
“
h e w ri t es t he, ,

g r o un d s w i t h pyr a m id s o ppres s ed W he re a s h e s m o ul der ,

i n s e p ul c h ra l res t W h e re l o n g e ff us i o n s o f t h e l a b o uri ng
,

p e n W e e
'

p o e r
’
t h e v i r t ue s O f t h e be s t o f me n A n d fo n d ,

a ffe c t i o n re a r s t h e p o n d ro us s t o n e To w o r t h a n d w i s d o m
’

l
’

p uc k d a t t w e n ty o n e
-
.

D ri v e w i t h us , ge n t l e rea d e r t o t h e f urth er en d o f P a rk
,

S t reet a n d j udge fo r y o ur se lf Th e fi rs t g r a v ey a r d w e
.

rea c h bet w een P a rk S t reet a n d M c Leo d S t reet i s the

’
F re n c h o r l i ret t a s B uri a l G ro un d : t he key o f w h i c h i
’ '

w i t h t he d ur w a n o f S o uth P a rk S t ree t C e met e ry The .

hi s t o ry o f t he p ers o n a fte r w h o m t hi s G o d s a c re i s n a med ’

is w o r t h r ec a lli ng E d w a rd Ti ret t a w a s a n I t a l i a n f ro m
.

T rev i s o n e a r V en i c e a n d i s id e n t i fied by B us t eed a s o ne

,

o f t he boo n c o mp a n i o n s o f C a s a n o v a He ha d t o fl y his .

c o un t rv fo r a po li t i c a l o ffe n c e a n d drift ed t o C a l c utt a ,

w he re h e held fo r ma n y y ea r s t h e p o s t O f Supe ri n t e n d en t

o f S t r eet s a n d B uildi n g s 5 0 w ell did h e pro s pe r i n t h a t

.

pro fes s i o n t h a t he a c q ui red a ba z a a r in t he C h it po re R oa d

,

s t ill k n o w n a s Ti ret t a s B a z a a r
’
La te r o n he bec a me ba n k
.

r up t a n d his ba z a a r w a s O ffer ed by h is c redi t o r s a s pri ze

i n a l o t t e ry a n d w o n by M r Ch a rl es W es t o n . It i s n o w .

t he ma rk e t fo r bi rd an d bea s t fa n c i e r s The O ld es t t o mb
-
.

i n Ti re t t a s B uri a l G ro un d i s t h a t o f h is w i fe A ng eli ca
’

d a ugh t e r o f t he C o un t de C a rri o n w ho di ed in 1 7 96 a t the ,

 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N E ‘V .

f o r it s l
c o ou r a mo n g i t s g r ey c om
p a n i o n s T h i s i s t he .

fa mily v a ul t o f t he K iern a n ders w h ere s l eep s by t h e s i de

,

o f h is t w o w i v es t he R ev J o h n Z ec h a ri a h K ie rn a n d e r a
. ,

S w ed e a n d t he fi r s t Pr o t es t a n t M i s s i o n a ry t o B e n g a l
,
.

As i a t ic us r ec o rd s t h a t p a d r e K ie rn a n de r h a d n o t be e n l on g
” “
i n C a l c ut t a w h en h e l o s t h is l a dy b ut h e h a d t he
,

fo r t i t ud e n o t t o gi ve h i ms elf up t o v a i n l a me n t a t i o n s fo r , ,

a fe w mo n t h s l a t e r t h e r emem br a n c e o f a ll fo r m e r s or
’

r o w s w a s o bli t e r a t ed i n t he s ilk en emb r a c es o f o p ul ent

bea uty . I n o t h e r w o rd s h e t oo k a s a s ec o n d w i fe a ric h
,

w id o w . B ut i t s h o uld n o t be fo rg o t te n t h a t b e d e v o t ed
m uc h o f h is w ea l t h t o t he c a us e O f Chri s t i a n i t y a n d b uil t
t h e O ld o r M i s s i o n C h urc h a t h i s o w n ex p e n s e H e di ed .

a t C a l c ut t a o n t he 29 t h D ec e mbe r 1 799 a ged 88 , ,

.

J us t o n t h e ri g h t a s yo u en ter t he C emet e ry fro m t he

r o a d i s a s ugg es t i v e n a me t h a t o f R i c h a rd B ur n ey fo r
, ,

1 8 y ea r s H ea d ma s t e r o f t he Kidd e rp o re O rph a n a g e w ho ,

d i ed a t R a n g oo n i n 1 808 i n h i s fo r t i et h y ea r A s o n of .

D r Ch a rl es B ur n ey by h is w i fe E li z a be t h All en h e w a s a
.
,

h a l fgbro t he r o f t he c el eb r a t ed M a d a me D A rbla y be tt er
’
,

k n o w n t o f a me a s Fa n n y B ur n ey J o h n s o n s li t t l e c ha
,
’

”
ra c t er mo n g er t h e a ut h o r es s o f E v el i n a
, .

An d n ow ro s s t he ro a d a n d en t er t he S o ut h P a rk
to c

S tr eet C emet e ry w hi c h i s t he m o s t i n t e res t i ng o f a ll t hese

,

d e s er t ed g r a v ey a rd s It w a s O p en ed o n A ug us t 25t h
.
,

1 7 6 7 fo r t he rec ep t i o n o f t he bod y O f M r J o h n “ oo d a
’
, .
,

w ri t e r i n t h e C us t o m H o us e w h o s e t o mb w as s ubse
,

q uen t ly l ev ell ed t o ma ke w a y fo r t he w es t er n c ro s s roa d .

N umber s o f t a blet s fro m mo n umen t s s i mil a rly r emo ved

h a v e been c o ll ec ted a n d i n s ert ed i n t h e w a ll s o f t h e li t tle
 T HE P AR K S TR E E T C E M E TE R I E S .

h o se
u a t r
t he e n t
a n c e N o t .t h e l ea s t n o t e w o r t hy i s o n e

h gi h up o n t he ri g h t h a n d t o S a m u e l O ldh a m t h e

r
un d e t a e k r w h o fi r s t b r o u g h t t o C a l c u t t a t h e G o u r s t o n e
,

r
f om w hi c h so m a n y o f t h es e s l a bs w e r e c u t H i s i n i t i a l
. s

S O ec t
. f . i ar e t o b e s ee n o n m a n y a B e n g a l t o m b s t o n e ,

f r o m Ad mi ra l “ a t s o n i n S t J o h n s Ch urc hy a rd t o J a me s
’ ’
.

”
S k i n n e r t he un c l e o f S ec un der S a hi b a t B e rh a m p o r e
, ,
,

i n t h e M o fus s il H ere in C a lc ut t a h e res t s s o s urro un d ed

.
,

b y ex a m pl es o f h is h a n di c r a f t t ha t h is e pi t a ph mi g h t w ell
,

h a v e been w ri t t en S i mo n ume n t um q ua e ris c i rc um s pi c e .

S t r a i g h t i n f ro n t of i i
r a t t h e j un c t i o n o f t he
t he v s t o

c e n t r a l ma i n w a lk w i t h t he s ec o n d p a t h w a y l ea di n g ea s t

i s t he bes t k n o w n t o mb i n a ll t hi s I n di a n P é re la Ch a i s e
a n un pr e t en t i o us s t r uc t ur e t o pp ed by a fl ute d pill a r br o k e n

It c o m me mo r a t es R o s e Ayl me r L a n do r s e a rly
’
a c ro s s .
,

lo v e . He r bri ef epi t a ph c o n c l ud es w i t h a n i n s ipid q uo t a

t i o n fr o m Y o un g s N i g h t T h o ug h t s The v er s es i t s h o uld
’
.

bea r an d w hi c h i t i s h o p ed a V i c ero y ma y o n e d a y c a us e
,

t o be c a r ved up o n i t a re La n d o r s h a un t i n g li n es
’
,

Ah , w h a t a va il s p r d r
t he s c e t e ace ?

Ah w h a t t he fo r m di v i n e
,
?

“ h a t ev e ry v i r t ue e ve ry g r a c e ?
'

R o s e Ayl mer a ll w e re t hi n e
, .

R o s e Ayl me r w h o m t h es e w a k e f ul ey es
,

M a y w eep but n ev e r s ee
, ,

A n i g h t o f memo ri es a n d s i gh s
I c o n s ec r a t e t o t he e .

Rose Ayl me r di ed i n 1 800 h o us e o f her a un t L a dy

at t he ,

R ussell , o ne o f t he m a n y E n gli s h g irl s w h o di ed un t i mely

570 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D war .

i n t he E a s t he n hill s t a t i o n s a n d t he S uez C a n a l h a d n o t
w -

been i n v en t ed t o a ff o rd r a pid es c a pe fro m t h e ma l a ri o us

pl a i n s o f Ben g a l A n o t h e r i n s t a n c e w a s M i s s C h a rl o t te
.

Lo ft ie w ho di ed i n 1 789 a g ed 1 8
, ,
He r d ea t h t o o w a s re
.
, ,

c o rd ed i n v e r s e i n t he C a l c ut t a n ew s p a p er s o f t h e t i me .

B ut a l a s t h e v e r s e w a s bo rro w ed fro m M a t t h e w P ri o r a n d
, ,

Ch a rl o t t e Lo ft ie d oes n o t s h a re t h e i mmo rt a l i t y O f R os e
Ayl me r .He r s i s te r ma rri ed G en er a l J o h n G a rs t i n a n d
o n ly g ri ev e d h e r h u s b a n d w h en s h e di ed

G a rs t i n c o m ma n d ed t h e B en g a l E n g i n ee r s d e s i g n e d t he ,

To w n H a ll a t C a l c ut t a a n d buil t t h e ex t r a o rdi n a ry G o la
,

or
g r a n a ry s t il l e x i s t i n
g a t B a n kip o re He t o o w a s l a.i d
t o r es t h e re i n 1 820 .

N ex t to R o s e Ayl me r is h er g ra ve a s s oc i a t ed w i th
a not

a p o et g r e a t er t h a n L a n d o r L o rd B yro n Th e me m o ria l
, .

is t h a t o f a y o un g s a il o r C a p t a i n W illi a m M a c k a y ( g rea t
,

un c l e o f Ch a rl es M a c k a y t he a ut h o r o f , Ch ee r B o ys , .

C hee r Th e ma r bl e ( 1 804) rec o rd s h is ma n ly fo rt i

*
t ud e w hic h h is i n te res t i n g n a rr a t i v e
,
o f t he s hi pw rec k o f
”
t h e j un o w ill t es t i fy t o f ut ure t i mes As D r B us t eed . .

h a s t o ld us i t w a s t hi s n a rr a t i ve fa lli n g i n t o t h e h a n d s o f
,

B yr o n a s a s c h oo l bo y t h a t f ur n i s h ed h i m w i t h th e i n c i den t
of t he t w o fa t h er s i n t h e gh a s t ly c rew w hi c h fo r ms the

mo s t p a t h et i c d et a il o f t he s hipw rec k o f D o n J ua n .

Aw a y t o t he w es t a mo n g s t
fo r es t o f o beli s k s a n d s a rco
a

ph a g i t o w er s t he w hi t ew a s h ed pyra mid o f S ir W illi a m

J o n es ( 1 7 94) w i t h t hi s n o ble epi t a ph w ri t t en by hi mself .

M ac ka y s
'
‘
Th e n a rra t i v e w i ll b e fo un d rep ri n t ed in C h a rl es
”
Th o usa n d a nd O n e G ems of E n gli s h Prose .
5 72 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N Ew .

or l es s t h a n a H i n d oo t e mpl e erec ted o v e r t he r e m a i ns of

M a j o r Gener a l Ch a rl es S t ua r t bette r k no w n a s
-
, Hi ndoo
S t ua r t fro m h is c o n fo r mi t y t o n a t i ve c us t o ms a nd
d
i ea s . He bu a il t t e m pl e at S a u g o r a n d w h e n h e w e n t t o

r p
E u o e too k h is id l
o s w i t h h i m . I n 1 8 2 8 h ,
e d i e d a t h is

re s id e n c e a t W o o d S t r e e t ; a n d r e s t s h e r e s urr o u n d e d b y th e

e mb e ms o f t a t
l h id o l a t ry w hi c h i n li f e h e c h e ri s h e d a n d

preferred . His p ec uli a r c h o i c e O f a me mo ri a l r ec a ll s the

mo n umen t a l fre a k o f J o h n H es s i n g D ut c h C o m
m a n d a n t i n t he s er v i c e o f S c i n dia w ho r es t s i n t h e P a dre
,

t o ll a a t Ag r a un d e r a red s a n d s t o n e mod el o f t h e Taj .

w hi c h c o s t a la c o f r upees ! His s o n C o l o n e l G eorge

Hes s i ng ( 1 826) k ee p s S t ua r t c o mp a n y h ere .

P a s t t w o mo re s t reet s O f t o mbs ri s es a g a i n s t the

s o ut h er n w a ll a pill a r t o t he memo ry o f Th o ma s J a mes
Ta yl o r ( 1 839) s ec o n d s o n o f Th o ma s Ta yl o r E sq a nd ,
.
,

o f L a dy L uc y yo un g es t d a ug h t er o f Ch a rl es E a rl of
,

S t a n h o p e a n d g ra n d d a ug h t e r o f t he i mmo r t a l C h a t h a m
-

O ri g i n a lly a M a d ra s C a v a lry o flic er Ta y l o r be c a me a

,

m e mbe r o f t he C a l c ut t a fi rm o f Li v i ng s to ne S ey e rs a n d CO ,
.

The mo s t p a t h et i c p a r t o f h is b uri a l h ere is t h a t h e w a s the

O ld M o r t a lity o f t h ese P a rk S t r eet buri a l g r o un d s a nd
w r o t e a n a rti c l e o n t h e m i n R i c h a rd s o n s Ben g a l An nual
’

o r Li t e r a ry K eep s a k e fo r 1 836 w hi c h en d s w i t h t h e w o rds

He re
“
I h a ve n eve r en t ered t h a t g r a vey a rd s i nc e .

e n t e r ed i t t o b e buri e d t h e r e o n ly t hr ee y ea r s l a t e r .

N ow let us t ur n ba c k t o t he h ea r t o f t he c emet e ry w here ,

t he d ea d l ie t hi c k es t Th e v i s i t o r c a n n o t fa il t o be s t ruc k bv
.

a n e n o r mo us pyr a mid w hi c h oc c upi es mo r e S p a c e t h a n a n)

‘

o t h e r mo n umen t o n t h e r o un d a n d mus t be n o t i c ed by a ny
g
 T HE P AR K S TR E E T C E M E TE R I E S . 57 3

one d ri v i n g t o w a rd s t he ce met ery w ho lo o k s o ve r t he w a ll

a t t h e a n g l e ma d e by P a rk a nd R a w d o n s treet s D r . .

B us t eed a s s i g n s thi s n a mel e s s pil e t o E li z a beth J a n e B a r

w ell , t he y o un g brid e o f R i c h a rd B a rw ell , h e r o o f t he
”
m o re c urri c l es s t o ry. His l a dy , a M i s s S a n de rs o n ,

w a s o n c e t h e t o a s t a n d p rid e o f t he s ett l emen t . Tw el v e

p a c e s t o t h e n o r t h o f h e r i s c h es t ed S i r J o h n Cl a ve ri n g

( 1 7 7 7 ) H a s t i ’
n g s c h o l e ri c a n ta go n i st i n c o un c il . Cl o se

b y s l ee p t he mo t h e r a n d c hildr en o f S i r R o ber t Ch a mber s ;

un d e r a mo un d w i t h o ut n a me o n e o f N un c o ma r s
’
a nd

J udg es S teph en C a es a r Lema is t re D e a th t o o c l ut c h ed

,
.
, ,

h i s b ro t h e r p ui s ne Hyd e ( 1 7 96) w h o r es t s n o t fa r fr o m S i r
,

W illi a m J o n es o beli s k C o l o n el a n d L a dy A n ne M o n s o n
’
.

7 7 n d e r t w o lo w bri c k a r c h es w i t h o ut s o muc h a s
( 1 6 ) l ie u
a t a bl e t t o t h e i r mem o ry . Th e s ea rc h e r ma y id en t ify
t h e m by t he t o mb ex a c t ly O pp o s it e o n t h e o th e r s id e o f t h e

p a t h w hi c h is t h a t o f M rs M a rga ret K i n se y
.

B e fo r elea v i n g t hi s g ro up w e ma y p a us e o v er o t h e r d ea d
w h o m t he w o rld r eme mbe rs but w h o s e g ra v es a re q ui t e
,

fo rgo t ten ; Ch a rl es W es t o n ( 1 809) t he fri en d a n d a s s o c i a t e

o f H o l w ell ,
o n e o f t h e j ury at t h e N un c o ma r t ri a l a ,

E ura s i a n o f g rea t w ea l t h a n d bo un d l es s gen er o s i t y w h o ,

d eli gh t ed t o di s t ri bute w ith h is o w n h a n d a t h is r es id en c e

i n Chi n s ur a h o n e h un dred go ld mo h ur s a mo n t h t o t he
po o r ; C o l o n el Th o ma s D ea n e P ea r s e Fa th e r
o f t he B e n g a l A rtill e ry a n d k n o w n t o f a me a s H a s t i n s
’

g
s ec o n d i n h i s d uel w i t h F r a n c i s ; M a ry B o w e rs a

s urv i vo r o f t h e B l a c k H o l e fi dget ed i n t o he r g r a v e
,

a c c ordi n g t o Hi c k ey fro m fea r o f l o s i n g a h a rd ea rn ed -

fo rtune ; B urri s h Cri s p ( 1 81 1 ) o n e o f t he w i t n es s es t o

 5 74 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

R i c h mo n d Th a c ke r a y ma rri a ge ; C o l o n e l Li lly ma n o f t he
’
s

E ng i n eer s w ho helped t o bui ld t he p res e n t Fo rt

\V i llia m ; a nd S ir
J o h n R o yd s t h e J ud ge w h o g a ve

h is n a me t o R o yd S t ree t ; C o l o n el s B r uc e ( 1 796 ) a n d E d
mo n s o n v et er a n s o f t he R o hill a c a mp a i g n s t he ,

l a t t er w i t h a fi n e L a t i n i n s c rip t i o n ; a n d a c r a c k e d s l a b 0 .

G eo rg e B og l e ( 1 781 ) l a t e Amba s s a d o r t o Ti bet w h ose

f a me rea c h ed t he ea rs o f D oc t o r J oh n s o n .

Thi s is but ri n kli ng O f th o s e w h o s e bo n es l ie s t re w n

a sp

i n S o uth P a rk S t reet H ere a re c i v il i a n s y o un g a n d O ld

.
,

s o me o f th e m B a ro n e t s a n d n o t a few o f t h e m H o n o ur

a bl es ; I mpeys a n d D O y ly s P rin s eps a n d V a n s i t t a r t s

’
, , .

Sh a kes pea rs a n d P lo w den s ; mili t a ry men o f ev e ry r a n k

fro m Phili p D Auv erg n e a n d C o li n M a c kenz i e (g rea t a m o g
“
’
n

a n t iq ua ri a n s ) d o w n t o y o un g a id es de c a mp lik e G r o t e
- -

( b ro t h e r o f t h e hi s t o ri a n ) a n d D o v et o n ; h
p y s ic a n s w h o

b eg i n w i t h Ty s oe S a ul H a nc o c k t he co rres po n d e n t c f
,

H a s t i ng s C hidley C o o t e a n eph ew o f t he Gene r a l a n d

, , ,

R o w l a n d J a c k s o n M rs Fa y s a t t en d a n t a nd i nc l ud e m o re
’

,
.
,

rec en t d o yen s o f t he med i c a l t ri be in Tw i n i ng w ho s e rv ed ,

a t W a te rl o o J o h n Ad a m a n d M o un t fo rd Bra ml ey ; c h a p
,

l a i n s o f t h e c a li bre o f D a v id B ro w n Th o ma s Y a t e a nd,

C h ri s t ma n D i e mer ; t hree s uc c es s i v e M a s t er At t e n d a n t s o f
t he P o rt o f C a l c utt a in t he p e r s o n s o f H en ry

C ud bert Th o r n hi ll a n d “ illia m H o pe t he fi rs t t w o o f
’
,

w h o m s ur v i ved t he tr o ubl es un d er S ura j a h D o w l a h ; s ea

c a p t a i n s a s c o ura g eo us a s H un t a n d F ro s t a n d P o y n t i n
g ,

c o mma n d e r o f t he s hip R es o lut i o n i n t h e s e rv i ce o f t h e

U n i t ed C o mp a n y o f M e rc h a n t s o f E ng l a n d t ra di n g t o t he
E a s t I n di es w ho mo s t bra v ely d efen d ed t he R es o l uti o n
,
 57 6 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

t he M a g i s t r a t es of To ul o n ,
pr ev i o us t o o ur t a k i n g p o s s es
The a c t i o n oc c urred a t
N
s i o n o f t h a t t o w n a n d h a rbo ur .

n i h t bet w een 9 P M o n t h e 28t h Feb rua ry a n d 2 30 a m

g . .
,
-
.

t he n ex t mo r n i n g . The F o rt e w a s a t t he t i me t h e l a rg es t
a n d mo s t h ea v ily a r med fri g a t e a fl o a t be i n g o n e t h ird -

“
l a rg e r t h a n t he S y bille S he w a s o ri g i n a lly
. la i d d o wn
fo r a 7 4 a n d c a rri ed 50 g un s o r s ix mo r e t h a n h er
,

a d v e r s a ry . Th e r e i s a g r a phi c d es c rip t i o n o f t h e fi g h t in
t he life o f C a p t a i n R Vi
"
E a s t w i c k w ho w i t n e s s e d i t a s
. .
,

a pri s o n e r o n bo a rd t he F o rt e Th e F re n c h fri g a t e ha d
.

been pl a yi n g h a v o c a t t he S a n dh ea ds w i t h t h e B ri t i s h
s hi pp i n g a n d h a d j us t c a p t ur ed E a s t w ic k s s hip t h e E n d ea
’

t o ur a n d s e v en o t h e r s i n t h e B a
'
w h n t h e S y bi ll e fe ll in
y e ,

w i t h h e r a n d c o mp e ll ed h e r t o s t rik e h e r c o l o ur s The .

F re n c h fo ug h t t o t h e bi t te r e n d l o s i n g Ad mi r a l D e S e rc rv
,

a p upil o f S uffren s ) t h e C a p t a i n a ll t h r ee Li eut e n a n t s a nd

’

( , ,

57) kill ed a n d 85 w o un d ed o ut o f a c re w o f 300 F i n a ll y . .

t he s e n i r s ur v i v i n ffi c e — m e r l ad b egg e d E a s t w i c k
o
g o r a e
-

w i t h t ea r s i n h is eves t o h a il t he E n g li s h s hip a n d r e po rt

t h a t t he F ren c h ma n h a d s t r uc k L a F o rt e w a s t h e n a dis
.

m a n t l ed h ulk . O n t he S y bille t h ere w e r e o n ly 1 5 c a s ua l

t i e s t he fi re fr o m t he F o rt e h a v i n g go n e c l ea r o v e r t h
,

h e a d s o f h er c r ew a n d n e ve r h a v i n g been bro ug h t t o bea r

pro pe rly o n h er d ec k B ut a mo n g t h em w ere n o t o n l v C oo k
. .

b ut C a p t a i n D a v i s o f t h e S c o t c h B ri g a d e A D C t o Lo rd
, ,
. . .

M o r n i n g t o n ( a s h e t h en w a s ) w h o w a s s e r v i n g o n bo a rd a s
a v o l un t ee r To c o m memo r a t e C o o k t h e E a s t I n di a C om
.
,

p a n y er ec ted a s t riki n g mo n ume n t i n S t J o h n t he E va n .

h p l i “ s t mi n s t c r Abbe v I i s t h e h a ndi
'

i
’

g e l s t s c a e n e t .

w o rk o f B a c o n j un i o r a n d s t a n d s n ea r t he m o n ume n t s of

S i r J o h n F r a n kli n a n d G en er a l W o l fe ’
A ba s reli ef re pre.
 T HE P AR K S T R E ET C E M E TE RI E S .

;e n ts t h e F o rte a n d S y bi lle i n l i
c o se a c t o na n d a n o t h er

l e p ic t s C a p ta i n C oo k w o un d ed a n d s uppo r t ed by a s a il o r .

Th e i n sc ri p t i o n rec o rd s t h a t it w a s erec t ed by t he C o mp a n y
as a g r a t e ful tes t i m o n y t o t he v a l o ur a n d emi n en t s er v i ce of

th e d ec ea s e d w ho o n t he l s t o f M a rc h 1 7 99 a ft e r a l o ng
, ,

a d
n w e ll c o n t es t e d en g g
a e m e n t c a p t ur e d L a F o rt e a ,

F r e n c h fri ga t e o f v ery s up e ri o r fo rc e in t he B a y o f B en ga l
, ,

a n ev en t n o t
m o re s p l en did i n it s a c hi ev e me n t t h a n i m

r t a n t in i t s r es ul t s t o t he B ri t i s h t r a d e i n I n di a
p o .

T he i ito r
v s w ti h l ei s ure w ill do w ell t o d ev o t e a s e p a r a t e
m o r n i n g t o t he N o r t h P a rk S t reet Ce met e ry o n t he o t h er
s id e o f t h e r o a d . Th o ugh l es s a n c i en t th a n i t s fell o w ,

w h ic h is t er med i n o ld r eg i s t er s t he G rea t B uri a l

”
G r o un d , it t oo h a s it s q uo t a o f w ell k n o w n n a mes
-
As .

w e s ur v ey i t s ro w s o f bl a c k en ed s ep ul c h res a mo n umen t
,

o n t h e ri g h t t o C a p t a i n N a t h a n i e l B a c o n ( 1 7 9 9) w ho di e d

s i n c e r ely r eg ret t ed by a l l w ho h a d t he ple a s ure o f k n o w

”
i n g him , d a z z l es us w i t h a ll t he gl o ry o f ne w w hi t ew a s h .

E l s ew h ere t he t o mbs o f men o f rea l di s t i n c t i o n h a v e bee n

a ll o w ed t o d ec a y t ill t he y d ro p ped In t hi s w a y h a s d is
.

a ppea red t he me mo ri a l o f C o l o n el J a mes Ac h ill e s Ki rk

p a t ri c k R es id e n t a t Hyd e r a ba d a c en t ury a go He .

w a s n o l e s s f a mo us i n t he li s t s o f l o v e t h a n o f w a r a n d h is ,

ma rri a ge rea d s li ke a t a l e fro m t he A ra bi a n N i g h t s A .

B egum o f hi g h d eg ree fell i n l o v e w i t h h i m a t s i g h t ; a n d

h e ma rri ed her a f t e r th e mo s t d a ri n g a n d un c o n v en t i o n a l
o f w oo i n g s . Suc h a n o ri en t a l did Ki rkp a t ri c k bec o me
t h a t he w a s k n o w n i n t h e N i z a m s C a pi t a l a s Hus h ma t
'

j gu n o r t h e M a g n i fi c en t in Ba t t l e a n d a ba z a r O p po s i t e

t he C h udde rg ha t R es iden c v s t ill goes by th e n a me o f

37 .
 5 78 CA CL U TTA AN D n ew .

Hus h ma t G un ge . In t h e R a n g Maha l o r o ld R es idency

Z en a n a w a s bo r n h is d a ug h t e r K a t h a ri n e Aur o r a t he off ,

s pri n g o f o n e r o ma n c e a n d t he h e ro i n e o f a n o t h e r Sb:
di ed a t To rq ua y in 1 889 a nd w a s n o t o n ly t h e R im
Ki rkp a t ri c k o f C a rlyl e s R emi n i sc e n c es but a c c o rdi ng 1
’
.

s o me t h e Bl umi n e o f h i s S a r t o r R es a rt us .

S ev en yea r s a fte r t hi s d a s hi n g c a v a li er fo un d h i s graw

i n C a l c ut t a t h e r e w a s bo r n e t o res t n ea r hi m a C o lleen
,
"

o f t he 24 Pe rg a n n a s o f t he h o n o ured n a me o f R i c h monc
-

Th a c k er a y me mo r a bl e a s t h e fa t he r o f E n g l a n d s g rea te r
,
’

n o v e li s t .His mo n ume n t i s li t t l e c a red fo r : but trx

s t umpy t ree w hi c h o bs c ur ed i t w a s c ut d o w n s o m e a "
y e .

a g o a t t he i n s t a nc e o f t h e pres en t w ri t e r a n d t h e i n serir

t i o n n ew ly pi c k ed o ut w i t h bl a c k p a i n t The w o rk n
.
o:

n ee d s re d o i n g a n d s h o uld be t he d ut y o f t he S t a t e
-
1x 1 .

g l a nc e a t t h e t o m b w hi c h
,
i s n ea r t h e w e s t e r n bo u n da r

w a ll a n d r ea d H un t e r s i n t e res ti n g v o l ume o n t h e
'
Thar-
“
v

c ra y s i n I n di a w h e n w e r et ur n h o me N e x t t o Cello:
t o r Th a c k e r a y is t he li t t l e g ra v e o f h i s o n ly d a ughter

S a r a h t o w hi c h H un t e r ma k es a v eil ed refe re n c e i n h ‘ ‘

a
,

a r t i c l es c o n t ri bute d t o t he E n g lis h ma n as a pa thetic

,

fe mi n i n e r e mi n i s c e n c e o f t h e d ea d ma n s y o ut h ”
but omits
’

i n h is bo o k S a lly
. Th a c k er a y a s s he w a s ge n erally
,

c a ll ed w a s Tha c k er a y s d a ug h t e r by Ch a rl o t t e SOphia
'

R udd . S he w a s bo r n 1 9t h N o v embe r 1 804 ( n o t 1 806 as ,

c a l c ul a t ed o n he r t a bl e t ) a n d ba p t i z ed 23rd Se t emb r t
p
’
1 81 5 j us t t e n d a y s a ft e r h e r fa th e r s d ea t h
, O n 2ot h j ut}:
.

1 820 un d e r he r s ec o n d n a me o f Sa r a h R a d fiel d s he ma"

, ,

ri ed M r j a mes B lec hy n den a c i v il a rc hi tec t a n d died

.
,
.1

w id o w in 1 841 .
 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D N EW .

A w o rd mus t be sa id of t he o t h er f o r g o t te n sa h i bs w ho

h a un t t h es e s oli t ud es ; Guru J o n es lo s t h ei r to
a n I ri s h p eer a ge ,
but bet t er k n o w n a s t he a r c h i tec t of
.

t h e See bp o r e C o ll ege a n d pi o n ee r o f t he B en ga l C o a l ia

dus t ry : y o un g G ra h a m ( 1 800) t h e boy c iv ili a n k i ll e d on ,

h i s s i x t een th bir t hd a y w h en eng a g i ng a F ren c h p ri v a te?!

i n t he G a n g es ; t he goo d s urgeo n M i c h a el Ch ee s e ( 1 81 61
o v e r w h o s e s ep ul c h re i s s c ulpt ure d t he p a r a b l e o f t h e Gmd

S a ma ri t a n ; D oc t o r l V illia m Pi t t M us t o n ( 1 837) t h e b a rdh

us ed i n v e n t o r o f a n ew a r my d oo l ey ; O ld M a s t e r s of

t he c i v il s e r v i c e s uc h a s t he phi la n th ro pi s t E
.
J S.h o r e
.

T ei g n mo uth ; J o h n E i
( 1 83 7 ) a son o f L o rd ll ot ( 1 81 8 1

C a l c ut t a s mun i c ip a l refo r mer ; N J Ha lhed

’
. .

s c ho la r ,
j ud ge a n d li ng ui s t ; P et e r S p eke ( 1 81 1 ) l o ng a
r uli n g v o i c e i n t he S upre me C o un c il . Th es e mi n g l e w ith
s o ld i er s a nd s a il o r s
,
like C o l o n el Geo rge B a l l
”
g l o ri o u s fr o m t h e c a m p a i g n s o f L o rd L a k e a n,d A 111

b ro s e K epli n g ( 1 801 ) o n e o f t he o ld es t c o m ma n d e r s ou t

o f t hi s p o r t . E v e ry w h e r e t o o a re li t t l e ma rb l e c ro s ses
t o ma rk t he res t i ng pl a c e o f t h e l o s t i n f a n t s w i t h w hich

s o ma n y o f t he ea rly f a mili e s o f C a l c ut t a p a id t h e i r debt

t o t he Ea st .

F ro m N rt h P a rk S t reet t he v i s i to r s h o uld p a s s o n to
o

t he L o w e r Circ ul a r R o a d C emet e ry Cro s s i n g t h e boul

.

e v a rd w hi c h c o v er s t he s i t e o f t h e o ld M a hr a tt a D i t c h he ,

w ill fi n d h i ms el f i n a s h o r t s p a c e o f t i me be fo re t h e por

t a l s o f a n o t h e r g r ea t C a mpo S a n t o O pe n ed in 1 840 for

,

t he rema i n s o f a li t t l e c hild : i t h a s been ev e r s i n c e t he

r e po s i t o ry o f t he C a l c ut t a d ea d N ea r t he en t ra n ce is
.

c o n s pi c uo us t he t o mb w i t h h a n d s o me ha s reli e f o f Si r W- .
 T HE P AR K S TR E E T C E M E TE R I E S .

H . M a c n a g ht en , B a rt .
,
E n voy to C o ur t o f C a bul
t he

a n d G o v er no r el ec t o f Bo mba y w h o fell w i t h ,
Sec un der
B ur n es i n t h e C a bul ma s s a c re o f D ec embe r 1 841 a n d ,

h
w o se r e ma i n s w r
e e r e s c ue d a n d pl a c ed h e r e by h i s

w i dow s i x te e n m o n t h s l a t er Al mo s t o ppo s i t e
. t he

G r e a t E l c h ee i s e n c a s ed in w i re n et t i n g t he mo n umen t
to S i r W illi a m C a s e m e n t m e m b e r o f t h e S upr e m e

C o un c il w ho ha s t he h o n o ur o f a bus t i n t h e To w n H a ll
,
.

I n t h a t d ea t h dea li n g d ec a d e w ere buri ed h e re ma n y i ll us

-

t ri o us me n t h e mo s t fo rgo t t e n o f w h o m perh a p s i s D a v id
, , ,

D r ummo n d t he t ea c h er o f D ero z io a n ecc en t ri c

,

S c o t c h d o mi n i e w h o k e pt a sc h oo l in D h urrumt o l la h
, ,

n ea r w h er e H a r t s li v e ry S t a bl es n o w s t a n d D r ummo n d
’
.

w a s a poet hi ms el f but h is bo o k o f v e r s es n ev er s a w t h e
,

li g h t . I t a s h s dyi g i s h t h a t t h es e po ems w ri t t en
w i n w —
i n h is n a t i v e D o ri c — s h o uld be p ubli s h ed in S c o t l a n d b ut ,

t he s hip t ha t c a rri ed t h em w a s l o s t a n d t h us p eri s h ed

( a c c o rdi n g t o T h o m a s E d w a rd s t h e b i o
, g r a ph e r o f
D e ro z io ) s o me o f t h e fi r s t S c o t ti s h ly ri c s s i n c e t he
”
d a y s o f B urn s a n d Ta n n a hill He s l eep s o ff h is
.

s o rr o w s bes id e o th er fo rg o t t en ed uc a t i o n i s t s s uc h as ,

J a c q ue s I s a a c D An s elm C o mte de Cl a v a ill a n

’

fi r s t H ea d M a s t er o f t h e C a l c ut t a Hi n d u C o ll ege a n d
H en ry B loc hma n n Pri n c ip a l o f t he M a dr a s a w ho ,

lies a t res t n ex t h i s li t t l e s o n .

In 1 841 w as en t o mbed h er e D a v id C a r mi c h a el S my t h ,
h o s e bro t h er w h en a C a p t a i n o f Ben ga l E ng i
w ,

n eet s ma rri ed a t C a w n po re i n 1 81 7 An n e B ec h er t he
, ,

w id o w o f R i c h mo n d Th a c k era y The n o v eli s t s s t epfa t h e r

’
.

w a s a ft e r w a rd s S upe ri n t en d en t o f Add is c o mbe a n d li ved ,

582 L
C A C U TTA AN D n ew .

to a pa tri a rc h a l o ld ag e D yi n g a t Ay r in 1 86 1
.
, his ep i

t a p h w a s w ri t t en by M rs R it c h i e a n d en d s
.
,
w th
i the

Ad s um q uo t a t i o n fro m t he N ew c o mes .

H er e t o o is t he g r a v e o f J o h n E d w a rd es Ly a l l
, ,

Ad v o c a t e G en era l w ho p a s s ed a w a y a t Ba rr a c kpo r e a t t he
-
,

e a rly a g e o f 35 .He w a s a c o n t e mpo ra ry o f G l a d s t o n e a t

O x fo rd a n d Pre s id en t o f t he U n i o n i n 1 831 Hi s I n d i a n
.

l a w s t ud e n t s h a v e c h e ri s h ed h is me mo ry by a t a ble t i n t he
Pres id en c y C o llege t o t he z ea l o us fri en d o f t he n a t i v es

a n d t h e firs t g r a t ui t o us l ec t ure r o n J uri s pr ud en c e i n t hi s

H a ll . N o r is he th e o n ly l eg a l li g ht buri ed h e r e The
.

la w is a l s o rep re s e n t ed by J a me s C o l ebroo k e S ut h e rl a n d
Sec re t a ry t o t h e L a w C o mmi s s i o n by J a mes D ri n k
w a t e r B e t h un e fo un d er a n d e n d o w e r o f t he S o c i e ty
t h a t be a r s h is ho n o ured n a me ; by J o h n P a x t o n N o r m a n

a s s a s s i n a t ed o n t he s t e p s o f t h e To w n H a ll w h en

a c ting a s Chi ef J us t i c e ; a n d by H en ry V i n c en t B a y lev

t h e l a s t o f t he O ld B ri g a d e o f q ui h y es t o s mo ke

a h o o k a h i n t he B en g a l Cl ub O f c i v i c di g n i t a ri es w h o se
.

fe a t ure s li v e i n c a n v a s o r ma r bl e i n t he To w n H a ll a n d
M un i c ip a l O ffi c e s ev e r a l h a v e fo un d s ep ulc h re h e re ; B ec k et
,

G ree n la w w h o s e t o m b is o n t h e l eft a s y o u e n t er ;

H e n ry M ea d t he b rilli a n t edi t o r dro w n ed i n t h e H o o g hl y

, ,

a nd J o h n Bl e s s i n g t o n R o be rt s ( 1 880) w ho ros e
fro m a po li c e c o n s t a bl e t o be Pres id en c y M a g i s t ra t e The .

Ci v il S erv i c e h a s g i ven o f i t s a bles t i n J o h n D en t

Pro v i s i o n a l M ember o f C o unc il M a dra s ; i n H en ry “ hi te
'

l o c k To rren s a ren o w n ed o ri e n t a li s t ; a n d co m i ng to

rec e n t t i mes C o l ma n P a t ri c k M a c a ul a y
,
a nd

S t ep h e n J a c o b t he di s t i n g ui s h ed fi n a n c i e r a nd
584 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D ne w .

of H en ry W M Th a c ke ra y S urgeo n o f t h e B en g a
. .
,
l A rt i l ~

l ery w h o s e t o mb w a s a t ri but e o f g r a t i t u d e fro m

”
t h e p up i l t o t he me mo ry o f h i s ma s t e r He s l ee p s t hen .

in s t r a n ge c o mp a n y w i t h C a pt a i n D o n a ld M a c i n t y re ( 1 809
a n a t i ve o f Loc h a n ds ide A rgyles h i re ,
a nd la t e
u o f t he ,

M a hr a t t a s e rv i c e w ith t he c hild o f M rs E s t h e r L e a c h . .

a s e rg ea n t s w i fe w ho w a s t h e g rea t es t C a l c ut t a a c t re s s ul
’
,

he r d a y ; w i t h E li z a B ell a my w h o fo ll o w ed f o r 3 4 y ea rs
,

”
t h e pro fes s i o n o f mid w i fe i n I n di a a n d a t t he o t h e r end
,

o f t h e s c a l e D oc t o r H en ry H a rp ur S pry F e l l ow
o f t h e R o y a l S oc i et y Th e p oo r d ea d Th a c k e r a y w a s a
.

c o us i n o f R i c h mo n d Th a c k e r a y w h o h ea d ed h i s re l a t i v e s
’

c o rt ég e t o t h e g r a v e a n d w a s hi ms e lf c a rri ed o ut fo r b uri a l

t w o y ea r s l a t e r .

H er e at Bh o w a n i po re w ill be fo un d t he d us t o f t wo

g r ea t g r l ; S i r Th o ma s V a li a n t
e n e a s K H ( 1 7 8,4 . .
,

t h e h e ro o f a h un dred fi g h t s w h o di ed i n h i s bed ,

w hil e c o m ma n di n g t he ga rri s o n a t Fo r t W il li a m a nd ,

S i r \V illia m Lo c kh a r t ( 8 4 1 l r
’

,
1 ea d e o f
t h e Ti r a h ex pedi t i o n i n 1 897 a n d a f t er w a rd s C o mm a n der

in Chi ef i n I n di a
-
L es s a mbi t i o us but eq ua lly glo ri o us a re
.

t h e rec o rd s w ri t t en o v er t he t o mbs o f M a j o r W ill i am

Tur n e r ( 1 841 ) o f t h e 5ot h F o o t w h o s erv ed fo r 34 y ea rs in

,

H o ll a n d a n d i n t h e Pen i n s ul a r a n d l o s t a n a rm a t the
ba t t l e o f V i t t o ri a a n d C a p t a i n W illi a m A rm s t ro n g
o f t he 2l s t R o y a l N o r t h B ri t i s h F us il iers w h o w a s the ,

eld e s t o f t hr ee b ro t he r s w h o en t e red h er M a j es t y s s e rv ice

’

a n d di ed w i t hi n t hr ee y ea r s o f ea c h o th e r t h e s ec o n d 1 11 ,
”
C a n a d a a n d t he t hi rd in W es t ern Aus tra li a
,
.

It i s not eas y t o ex h a us t t he i n t eres t of thes e o ld Ca l

 T HE max S TR E ET C E M E TE R I E S . 585

o ut t a r a v ey a rd s T h y a r o met hi n g mo re t h a n mer e
g . e e s

fi eld s w h er e t he d ea d a re s t o red a w a y un k n o w n . The y

a re a t o uc hi n g a n d i n s t r uc t i v e h i s t o ry ,
w ri t t en i n f a mily

b uri a l pl o t s i n mo un d ed g r a v es i n sc ulp t ured a n d i n

, ,

s c ri bed mo n umen t s Th ey t ell us o f t h e p a s t it s i n d ivi

.
,

d ua l li v es o f it s men a n d w o men o f it s c hildren o f it s

, , ,

h o us eh o ld s W e fi n d n o s uc h r ec o rd el s ew h ere o f t he
.
'

ri p id f C l u tt b e n e r a t i o n s o f by go n e E n g
p c e a o r a c a y g
l i s h men w h o li v ed a n d di ed a t t h eir w o rk
,
. To t h e re a d er
w h o d es i r es t o s t udy s till f ur t h e r t h es e mo r t ua ry memo

ri a l s th ere is a c o mpr eh en s i v e D i rec t o ry o f t he D ea d to

,
“
h a n d i n t he B en g a l O bi t ua ry p ubli s h ed i n 1 848 by a
fi rm o f C o s s it o lla h un d er t a k e rs . Thi s v o l ume pres e r v es

n o t o n ly t h e e pi t a p h s o f t h e mul t i t ud e th a t h a v e d i s a
p
p e a re d
, b u t s u mm a ri s e s i n t h um b n a il s k et c h es t he c a r ee r s

o f t he ma n y n o t a bil iti es w h o s e de a t h s a re mo n umen t a lly

reco rd ed in t he n o w c l os ed up g r a v ey a rd s o f th e p a s t
-
.
 C H A P TE R V III .

ST P AU L C AT H E D R A L
’
. S .

T11 12 B i s h o pri c of C a l c ut t a r d i n 1 81 3 a n d t he
w a s c ea t e .

fi r s t fo ur i n c um ben t s o f t he S ee—M iddl et o n H ebe r J a mes , ,

a d
n T u n —
r e r w e re en t hro n ed in t he o ld C a t h ed ra l C h urc h
of St .J o h n ; w hi c h fo r 32 yea r s rema i n ed t h e C a t h ed ra l o f
t he D i o c es e . S o l o n g a go h o w eve r a s t h e y ea r 1 81 9 t he
, , ,

id e a o f a n ew C a t h edr a l Ch urc h w a s en t er t a i ned a n d a ,

d es i g n a n d pl a n o n a g r a n d s c a l e w e re prep a red but t he ,

pro j ec t fell t hro ug h Tw en t y y ea r s a f t er it w a s re v i v ed

.

by B i s h o p W il s o n w h o s uc c eed ed Tur n e r i n 1 833 a n d

, ,

p ro s ec ut ed by h im w i t h c h a ra c t e ri s t i c en erg y He a p p li ed
.

t o G o ve r n men t fo r a s i t e a n d t h e mo men t t he pr es e n t o n e
, .

w hi c h i s e x c ep t i o n a lly fi n ely s i t ua t ed a t t he e x t re me s o ut h

o f t he M a id a n w a s g r a n t ed h e t o o k p o s s es s i o n
, A Com .

m it t e e w a s a pp o i n t ed a n d o n t h e 8t h O c t o be r 1 839 t he
, , ,

fo un d a t i o n s t o n e w a s l a id .

The d es i g n a n d pl a ns w e r e prep a red by M a j o r ( a f t er

w a rd s Ge n e r a l ) N F o r bes o f t he B e n g a l E n g i n eers
.
, .

t h e a rc hi t ec t o f t h e M i n t a n d c a rri ed o ut un d e r h i s s upe rin

"
t en d e n c e .The s t yl e o f t he buildi ng is I n d o go t hi c -
,

t h a t is t o s a y s p uri o us g o t hi c a d a p t ed t o t h e e x i g e n c i es
,

o f t h e I n di a n c li ma t e The ex t re me l en g t h o f t he buil d
.

i n g i s 247 fee t a n d i t s w id t h 81 feet a n d t he t r a n s e pt s 1 1 4

,

fee t . Th e h ei g h t o f t he To w e r a n d S pi re fro m t h e g ro und

i s 201 feet a n d t he w a ll s t o t he t o p o f t h e ba t t l ements
, ,

5 9 feet . Th e w es t e r n ves t i bul e w hi c h s uppli es t he pri n

588 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

me n da t io n fr o m l rgy ma n o r o t h e r s po n so r o f p o s it ier
a c e

a re fr eely a d mi t t ed t o t he pri v il eg e o f us i ng t h e L i b ra n

a n d bo o k s ma y be a l s o t a k en o ut un d er c e r t a i n c o n d i t i or

w hi c h a re n o t v e ry o n e r o us Th e Li br a ry c o n t a i n s a fin
. :

ma r bl e bus t o f B i s h o p W il s o n a n d a v a l ua bl e c l o c k w hic:
‘

i s a l s o h is g if t a n d w hi c h w a s pres en t ed to h i m i n J a m
, .

1 832 by h is fo r me r p a ri s hi o n er s o f S t M a ry s I s l i n g t on
, .
’

B e f o re w e d es c en d ,fo rg et t o e x a m i n e 1 1?
we s h o uld not

l o w er li g h t s o f t he g rea t w es t w i n d o w o f th e C a t hed rai

w hi c h a re v ery fi n e a n d a re n o t v i s i bl e fro m be l o w The .

w i n do w ,
w hi c h w a s d es i g n ed by S i r E d w a rd B ur n e J o nes .

i s a me mo ri a l t o L o rd M a y o V i c ero y o f I n di a f ro m 1 86! ,

t o 1 87 2 w h o w a s a s s a s s i n a t ed a t P o rt B l a i r i n F e b rua fl
,

o f t he l a t t e r y ea r .

In t h e v es t ry ,
w hi c h is onill b e found
the g r o und flo o r , w
a l a rge fo li o ma n us c rip t vo l ume en t i t l ed H i s t o ry at ,

t he E r ec t i o n o f S t P a ul s C a th edr a l C a l c utt a d ra w n ta
’
.

H Pr i h p h pl i h i h ’
by t he R ev J . . a tt B s. o s c a a
,
n w c c or s

t a i n s a pl a n o f t he B uildi n g a t p 265 . .

Th er e a re s o me fi n e mo n ume n t s in t he v es t i b ul e a nd i:

t h e n o r t h a n d s o uth t r a n s e p t s ; o f w hi c h t h e pri n c i p l
a

be i n di c a t ed a s w e ma k e o ur w a y r o un d t h e bui ldi n g . I

t h e v e s t i b ul e ,
w e m a y n o t i ce t h e f o ll o w i n
g

U po n t he w es t e n w a r ll a nd to t he no rt h of t h e en
,

is a b ra s s t a b l et i n memo ry “ illi a n:
'

r
t a nc e Li of eut en a n t

O
’
Ch a rl es O w en o f t h e 3rd H us s a r s a n d 3 Q rd ue e n s w n
,

h
’

B o mba y Li gh t C a v a lry w h o me t a b r,
a v e s o ldi r d
e s ea t

w h en c h a r g i n g t h e en e mv h
a t t e di s a s t r o us ba t t le o f
 S T. P A UL ’
S C AT HE D R A L . 589

Vl a i w d uri n g t he Afgh a n w a r o f 1 880

a nd . The pi t a ph
e

w i t h t h es e re ma rk a bl e w o rd s
“
:o n t i n ues . The h o li es t
) l a c e o n ea rt h o n w hi c h t o li ve o r die is n o t o n en c a us t i c
”
so i l o r t es s e ll a t ed p a v emen t b ut a t t he p o s t
, o f d uty .

To t he l eft o n t h e n o rt h ern ll is a fine ma r bl e t a bl et

w a

e r e c t e d by t h e O ffi c e r s o f t he C o rp s o f B e n g a l E n g i n ee r s

in 1 86 2 i n h o n o ur o f t h ei r c o m r a d es w ho fell d uri n g t h e
I n d i a n R ev o l t o f 1 857 a n d 1 858 The n a mes a re en .

r a v e d o n a p a n e l o f bl a c k ma r bl e i n t he c e n tr e s urr o un d e d
g ,

by s i x t ee n med a lli o n p o rt ra i t s a n d a p a n el bel o w rep res en t

i n g t h e ga ll a n t blo w i n g up o f t he K a s h m ir g a t e a t D elhi ,

by L i e ut en a n t s D un c a n C H o me V C a n d Philip S a lk eld
.
, . .
, ,

V C . . Th e mo a t ma y be s ee n s p a n n ed by a few bea ms o f
w oo d . Ag a i n s t t h e d oo r i n t he g a t e ba g s o f po w d e r h a v e
b e e n h ea ped up a n d a n E n g li s h en g i n ee r is c ra w li n g o v e r
,

t h e b e a m s w i t h a li g h t i n h i s h a n d T w.o o t h e r s a r e w a t c h
i n g h i m fro m t h e mo a t bel o w . To t h e l e ft t hr ee men a re
c a r ryi n g o ff a w o un d ed c o m r a d e . W h il e en d ea v o uri ng t o
fi re t he c h a rge S a lke ld w a s m o rt a lly w o un d ed but h e h a n d
,

e d o v e r t h e \s l o w m a t c h t o C o rp o r a l B u rg e s s w h o
p e r fo r m e d
t h e t a s k j u s t a s h e t o o fe ll m o r t a lly w o u n d e d A mo n g .

t h e o t h er n a mes c o mme mo r a t ed ma y be n o ti c ed t h o s e o f

C p a t a i n C . W . W .F u l t o n , t h e li fe a n d s o u l o f t h e b e l e a

g u re d g a rri s o n o f t h e R e s id e n c y t o
, w h o m w a s
g i v e n b y
c o m mo n c o n s en t o f h i s c o m r a d e s t h e pro ud ti t l e o f De
”
f e n de r o f L uc k n o w ,
a n d C o l o n el H ug h F r a s e r C B w ho , . .
,

a c t e d a s Chi e f C o m mi s s i o n e r i n t he N o r t h W es t e r n Pr o v i n

c es upo n t he d ea t h o f J o h n R us sell C o l v i n i n S ep t embe r

1 85 7 un t il Lo rd C a n n i n g s a rri v a l i n U ppe r I n di a i n F eh
’

rua ry 1 858 .
 590 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

B ey o n d in t he r t h ea s te r n c o r n er is a bea ut i f ul go thi
no -
~
t

mur a l mo n ume n t e rec t ed by t he Go v ern me n t o f I ndia

, .

w hi c h c o mme mo r a t es t h e t r a g i c d ea t h o f t h e 1d o a
J o h n P a x t o n N o r ma n O ffi c i a t i n g Chi ef J us t i c e o f B e ngal
,
.

w ho w a s a s s a s s i n a t ed o n t h e s t ep s o f t h e To w n H a ll o n t h e

2ot h S ep t e mbe r 1 87 1 a s h e w a s o n h is w a y t o t a k e h
, ,
e

s ea t i n c o ur t He w a s a ppo i n t ed o ne o f t he fi r s t b a rri s te
. r

p ui s n e J ud ges o f t h e Hi gh C o urt a t Fo r t “ i l l ia m upec ’

i t s c o n s t i t ut i o n i n 1 862 : a n d a c t ed a s Chi e f J us t i c e .
r

1 86 4 d uri n g t he a bs en c e o f S i r B a rn es P e a c oc k o n l ea ve
Hi s d ea t h t o o k pl a c e w hil e hew a s o ffi c i a t i n g fo r t h e s ec ond
t i me a n d w h e n h e w a s o n t h e p o i n t o f ret i r e m e n t H . e

w a s a t r ue fri en d t o t he p eo pl e o f I n di a a n d t o o k a b ea m ,

i n t e res t a n d a n a c t i v e p a r t i n a l l mea s ures fo r t h e i r ad

v a n c e me n t .Abo v e a l l m en i t mi g h t be a s s e rt e d o f hirr
,

”
t h a t h e h a d n o t a n en e my .

The mo n ume n t is r mo un t ed by a c ro s s a n d fl a n k ed bi
su ,

t w o c o l um n s bea ri n g fi g ur e s o f a n g e l s W i t hi n t h e a rc .
L
.

t h e re is a di v i s i o n i n t o t hr ee c o mp a r t men t s l n t h e h ig hest .

is s ea t ed J us t i c e h o ldi n g h er s c a l es w i t h a ba c k g r o un d ,

c o l o ured t il e s The middl e c o mp a r t me n t i s c ut i n t o t w o I n

.

a t r ee O n t he ri g h t a re t w o M uh a mma d a n me rc h a n t s a nd
.

a c a me l w i t h a mo s q ue i n t he ba c kg ro un d
, O n t h e l eft .

a re a H i n d o o f a t h er a n d mo t h e r a cow a n d t w o c h ild re n
, , .

o n e in it s mo t h er s a r m s a n d t he o t h e r feedi n
’

, g t h e c ow

behi n d t h e m is a H i n d o o t empl e The l o w es t c o m pa rt .

me n t c o n t a i n s t he i n s c rip t i o n .

To t he ri g h t is a t a b et l in co m memo ra ti o n of a nu m ber
o f o ffi c e sr of t he A t r ill e ry ,
E n g i n eer s a nd l l th , 29t h a nd

43rd N i
a t ve l n fa n t rv w h o fell i n t he B h ut a n ca m a p ig n of
592 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

Adj o i n i ng i s h er ma r bl e t a bl et w i t h t w o s uppo rters

a not ,

s urmo un te d by a fi n e bu s t b y T h e e d o f M a j o r G e neral -

W illi a m N a i r n Forbes o f t he Ben ga l E ng i n ee rs a rc hi tect

, ,

o f t h e C a t h edr a l a n d M i n t a n d v a ri o us o t h e r public
,

buildi n gs He w a s bo r n a t B l a c kfo rd in Aberd ee n s hire

. ,

A pril 3rd 1 7 96 a n d di ed n ea r Ad en o n h i s w a y t o Eng ,

la nd Ma y l st
, ,
The mo n ume n t i s e r ec t ed by the
’
a ff ec t i o n o f h i s fri en d s a n d f ell o w c i t i z e n s - F o r be s co
.n

n ec t io n w i t h t he C a t h edr a l w a s me re ly t h a t o f a r c hi t ect .

\V i t h t he M i n t h e i s li n k ed by t i es o f t he c l o s es t c h a ra ct er .

He n o t o n ly d es i g n ed a n d c o n s tr uc ted t h a t n o bl e buil di ng
a n d er ec t ed a ll t he c o mpli c a t ed ma c hi n e ry i n i t b ut s uper .
,

i n t e n d ed t he o p er a t i o n s o f t he i n s t i t ut i o n as M i n t M as ter
fo r up w a rd s o f t w en t y y ea r s To ma rk t h e i r s en s e o f his
.

em i n e n t s e rv i c es t he E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y pl a c ed a ma rble

bus t o f F o r bes by Fo l ey in t he M i n t in 1 858 Th e b us t in .

t h e C a t h ed r a l w a s g i ve n by B i s h o p W il s o n i n t he v e a r pre

c e di n g .

Pa s s i n g ea s t w a rd un d e r t he To w er A rc h , w e fi n d upon
t he sa me s id e o f t he Ch urc h a ma r bl e mo n umen t in memory
of s e v en o ffi c e s o f
r t he 68t h N ti v e I n fa n t ry
a w ho died
d uri ng t he M ut i n y o f t h e N a t i v e Tr o o p s a n d
s ub s eq uent

o p e r a t i o n s fr o m 1 85 7 t o 1 859 S o me o n t he fi eld o f ba tt le
.
,

s o me by t he h a n d s o f t h e i r o w n fo ll o w e r s o th e r s from ,

—
di s e a s e a ll d o i n g t h eir d ut y ”
O n e o f t he n a m es tha t
.
,

of Li e ut J a mes Aug us t us D o ri n rec a ll s me mo ri es of

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, ,

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,

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f ul y e a r s .
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R A U L s C ATHE D R A L . 593

To t he ea s t is a fi n e ma rbl e mo n umen t by
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, ,

f e l l o w a n d fri en d o f W i ll i a m M a kep ea c e Th a c k e ra y On .

e a c h s id e o f t h e ped es t a l s upp o r t i n g a bus t o f R i t c hi e a re

, ,

f ul l l e n gt h fig ures t he o n e o n t he ri gh t repres en t i ng La w
-
, ,

a n d t he o t h er o n t he l ef t R e lig i o n At t h e ba s e a re R i t .

c h i e s a r ms a n d c res t a n d th e mo t to v ir t ut e a c q uiri t ur
’

”
bo nos .

The i n s c ri pti o n w as w ri tt en by Th a c k er a y hi mself ,

a nd

r un s a s fo ll o w s

A memo ri a l of t he a ff ec t o n i
fri en d s a n d fell ow of

c i t i z e n s fo r W illi a m R it c hi e o f t h e C a l c ut t a B a r a n d I n n e r

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.

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-
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c a re e r w a s o n e o f r a r e s uc c es s b reedi ng n o en v y ,
His .

d e a t h w a s felt t o be a c a l a m it y a lik e p ubli c a nd p ri v a t e a nd

c a r ri e d g rief i n t o ma n y h o us eh o ld s b ut l ef t t o a ll w ho ,

m o urn h im t he bri gh t a ss ura n c e o f h i s res t in Chri s t He .

d i e d i n C al c ut t a M a rc h 22n d A D 1 86 2 i n h is 46t h y ea r
,
. .
, .

R i t c hi e w a s a d mi tt ed as an a d vo c a t e of th e Su preme
C o ur t i n M a rc h , 1 81 3, a nd fi ll ed t he o ffi c e of Ad v o c a t e
G e n e ra l fro m 1 855 t o 1 86 1 . In S ept e mber of t he l a t te r
y e a r he w a s a ppo i n t ed a pro v i s i o n a l me mber o f t h e
S up r e me C o un c il a n d w a s c o n fi r med a s La w M ember a
,

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, ,

s uc c e e d ed by S ir H en ry S umn e r M a i ne R i t c hi e s mo t h e r ,
’
.

38
59 4 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

Ch a rl o t te w a s t he d a ughter o f S ylhet Th a c k e ra y the

, ,

n o v eli s t a n d t he fo un d er o f t h e fa milv s
’

g r a n df a t h e r o f t h e

c o n n ec t i o n w i t h I n di a R ea d e rs o f Th a c k e r a y w il l remem
.

ber t h e p a s s a g e i n o n e o f h is R o und a bo ut P a pe rs w hen:

h e p a y s a l a s t t ri but e t o S ir R i c h mo n d S h a kes pe a r a n other ,

c o us i n w h o di ed i n t he v e ry y ea r i n w hi c h R i t c hi e w as
,

a ppo i n t ed L a w M embe r o f C o un c il I n o n e o f t h e st ories

.

b y th e p r e s en t w rit e r a ma n is d esc ri be d to t t e ri ng u
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t he s t e p s o f t h e g h a ut h a v i n g j us t p a r t ed w i t h h i s child
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,

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-
, ,

s t ep s , t o a bo a t w hi c h w a s i n w a i t i n g c a me t w o c h ildren ,
.

w h o s e mo t h er s rem a i n ed o n t he s h o re O ne o f those
.

l a di es w a s n ev e r t o s ee h er bo y a n y mo re a n d h e t oo s , ,

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,
.

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m a t e s fro m t he t i me o f o ur b i r t h : a n d t he fi rs t h o use r?
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m o t h e r o f His H o no ur t he M embe r o f C o unc il H i s Honour .

w a s eve n t h e n a g e n t l e m a n o f t h e l o n g r o b e b e i n,g it
,

t r u t h , a b a b y i n a r m s W e . I n di a n c hi l d re n w e r e c o n s ig n d

to a sc h o o l o f w hi c h o u r d e l u d e d p a r e n t s h a d h e a r d I

fa v o ur a bl e repo rt but w hi c h w a s g o ver n ed by a ho rrible

,

li t t l e t yra n t w h o ma d e o ur yo un g li v es s o mi s e r a ble that I

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re me mbe r k n eeli n g by my li t t l e bed o f a n i g h t a nd saying

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Pr a y Go d 1 ma y d rea m o f my mo t h e r I Th en c e w e went
,

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ub c sc oo : h l a n d m y c o u s i n t o A dd i s c o m be a n d m
W m
'

I n di a . An d F o rt illi a m g u n s a re s a l u t i n
g i n o n e a n s

h o no ur w hil e t he t ro o p s a re fi ri n g t he l a s t v o ll ey s o verthe
,

o t h er s g r a v e
’
— o v e r t he g r a v e o f h
t e br a e t e ge l
v h , n t e tit ,
596 CA C L UTTA OLD AN D N EW .

a nd e el ph a n t in t he ba c kg ro und , a nd a Pa rs i , a S i kh sol

di er a n d o th er I n di a n s in fro n t .

Th o ma s B r uc e , t he k n ow n tos ev en t h E a rl , w h o is be s t
fa me a s the A mba s s a d o r t o Turk ey a n d c o ll ec t o r o f the
E l g i n ma r bl es w a s c o n n ec t ed w i t h I n di a
,
t h ro ugh his

b ro t h er t h e Ho n ble Ch a rl es An drew B ruc e ( d i e d

’
,

G o v e r n o r O f Pri n c e o f W a l e s I s l a n d w h o se w i fe Anna
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,

M a ri a d a ug h t er o f S i r Ch a rl es B l un t B a rt o f t h e Bengal
, ,
.
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Ci v il Serv i c e di ed a t H o o g hly
,
a f te r o n e d a y s illn ess
’

o n Sep t embe r 1 9t h 1 7 90 a n d l i es i n t he S o uth Park , ,

S t reet B uryi n g g ro un d V i c t o r Al ex a n d er B ruc e tk

-
.
,
t

n i n t h E a rl w a s V i c e r o y a n d G o v e r n o r Gen era l O f I ndia

,
-

fro m 1 894 t o 1 899 .

I mmedi a t ely bey o n d a n d o pp o s i t e t he memo ri a l t o the

O ffi c er s o f t he 68t h N a t i v e I n f a n t ry is t he mo n ument by ,

J. H F o .l ey R A o f S
,
i r H e n ry M .o n t g o m e ry
. L
, a w r en ce .

w ho fell i n t h e memo r a bl e d efen ce o f L uc know

o n t h e 4t h J uly a v ery
g r a c e,f ul m a r b l e t a ble

s upp o r te d by s e rpe n t i n e pill a r s w i t h w hi t e ma r b l e medal ,

li o n p o r t ra i t .

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r h repro d uc t i o n In m emorv ofis wo t

t he g re a t a n d go o d Si r H e n ry M o n t g o me ry L a w rentt .

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, , ,
s

a nd s o ldi er : w h o i n t he P un j a b R a j po o t a n a a n d Oudh
, , , .

t a ug h t h o w ki n dly s ubj ec t r a c es s h o uld be rul ed : w h o .

fi rs t i n I n di a fo un d ed hill a s yl ums fo r B ri t i s h s o l diers

'

c h ildr e n a n d w h o f ell i n t h e me mo r a bl e d e fen c e o f Lu

, ck

now 4t h J uly I 5 7 be l o v e d a n d mo ur n ed by n a t i ves and

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t
,

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.

d es i red t he c o m mun i t y o f C a l c ut t a a n d Be ng a l j o i n ed with

,
 UL 597
’

S T. P A s C ATHE D R A L .

t h a t of U ppe r I n di a
fo un di ng a H en ry L a w ren ce
in
h I e m o ria l As yl um fo r s o ldi er s c hildren a t M urr ee i n t he
’
,

h i l l s o f t he P un j a b th ey a l s o e rec t t hi s t a bl et i n t h e C a th e
d r a l t o keep a mo n g t h em hi s memo ry a n d ex a mpl e The .

c i rc ums t a n c es o f L a w re n c e s t r a g i c en d h a ve o bs c ured in
’

t h e p ub li c mi n d t he ea rl ie r C h a p t er s o f h is O ffi c i a l c a reer

b u t h is n a me is s t ill v en e r a t ed in t he P un j a b w h er e he ,

a n d h is br o t h e r J o h n w er e pl ac ed in j o i n t c h a rge by Lo rd

D a l h o us i e a f t er t he d o w n fa ll i n 1 849 o f R a n j eet S i n g h s
’

K i n g do m It w a s t he v i ew o f t he e ld er th a t t he f eud a l
.

n o b ility o f t h e c o n q uered p ro v i n c e s h o uld be t r ea t ed w ith

c o n s id e r a t i o n a n d ki n d n es s a n d h e reg a rd ed h is p o li c y n o t
, ,

o n l y a s j us t i n i t s e lf but a s t h e bes t fo r s ec uri n fri d t

, g e n s o

t h e n ew Go v er n men t The s y mp a t hy o f J o h n L a w ren c e

.

w i t h th e c ulti v a t o r s r a n ged h i m upo n t he O p po s i t e s id e a nd ,

i n t he r es ult bo t h bro t h er s ten d ered t he i r res i g n a t i o n Th a t .

O f H en ry w a s a c c ep t ed a n d t he y o un e r w a s l e ft t o c a r ry
g ,

on t h e w o rk o f p a c i fi c a t io n a c c o rdi ng t o h is o w n lig ht s .

T h e o utb r ea k o f t he M ut i n y ga ve J o hn L a w re n c e h is
o p p o rt un i t y a n d h e w a s h a i led o n ev e ry s id e a s t he s a v i o ur
,

of I n di a B ut h is ma gn i fic en t s ucc es s es w er e i n r ea li t y
.

t h e j us t i fi c a t i o n o f H en ry L a w ren c e s p o li c y o f w i s e c o n
’

c i li a t i o n The c hi efs fo r w h o m he ha d i n terc ed ed a n d sa c

.
,

rifi c ed hi s p o s t a n d w h o s e a n c i en t ri h t s w ere res p ec ted a s

, g
t h e o utc o me o f t h e s t r ugg l e c a s t i n t he i r lo t w ith t h e E n
,
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li s h a n d en a bl ed J o h n L a w ren c e to s en d o ur tr oo p s o ut o f
t h e P un j a b t o D elhi As H en ry L a w ren c e la dyi n i
y g n
.

t h e R es id en c y w e l ea r n fr o m S ir J o s eph F a re r w h o s
,
y e ,

ma n us c ript di a ry ha s l a tely been pl a c ed a t t he di s po s a l o f

M r Fo rr es t t h a t o n e o f t he s ubj ec t s w hi c h s eemed t o be
.
,

mo s t pres en t t o th e d ep a rti n g h ero s mi n d w a s t he c a us es ’

59 8 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

of t he rev o l t a n d o f t he t ro ubl es in w hi c h he a n d h i s garri ~

r i
s o n w e e n v o ve l d He t a elk d fr e
. q u e n t ly i n a n e x c i t ed but

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, , ,

d ic io us met o h d i n w hi c h t he n a ti v e l a n dh o ld e rs h a d been

d ea l t w i t h by t he G o v e rn men t a n d a mo ng o t h e r thi ngs ,

h e d ec l a red mo re t h a n o nc e w i t h emph a s i s I t w as the ,

J o h n L a w ren c es t he Th o ma s o n s t he E dmo n s t o n es (and

, ,

o t h e r s ) w h o br o u ht I n di a t o t hi s
g
”
W e ma y c o ndem n .

t he j ud g me n t a s un d uly h a r s h : but H e n ry L a w re nce is i

a t a n y r a t e ri g h t i n t hi s th a t if t he E ng li s h in I n d i a hart
,

e v e r a g a i n t o fig h t fo r t h e ir s upr e ma c y t h e fri en d s o f w hich ,

t h ey w ill mo s t s t a n d i n n eed a re t he g rea t l a n d o w ning

c la s s .

U n d er t h e To w e r t h e re k n eel s in full ca n o n i c a l s Regi

n a ld H ebe r B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a fro m 1 823 t o 1 826 : t
,

s up e r b mo n umen t i n w h i t e s t a t ua ry m a nble e x ec ut ed bv ,

S i r F r a n c i s Ch a n t rey R A i n 1 835 , Th e b a s e bea rs tht

. .
,
.

”
o n e w o rd H e be r
, R eg i n a ld H ebe r w a s t h i rd B i s hop
.

o f C a l c ut t a Th e re a re t w o o t h e r s t a t ues t o h i s m e mon
. .

bo t h f ro m t he c hi s el o f S i r F r a n c i s Ch a n t rey t he o n e in the ,

s o ut h a i s l e o f t h e c h o i r o f St P a ul s C a t h ed ra l London ’
.
,

( w hi c h i s s i m il a r t o t h e pr e s e n t ) a n d t he o t h e r in St ,
.

G eo rg e s C a t h edr al M a dr a s w hi c h re prese n t s h i m in tbt

’

, ,

a c t o f l a yi n g o n o f h a n d s H eber li es burie d in S t J ohn s

'

.
.

Ch urc h C emet ery Tri c hi n o po ly ; his d ea th o n A pril 3rd

, .

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, , ,
’
h ea rt s a c t i o n c a us ed by pl ung i ng i n t o a ba th a t t he boust
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. .
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c o n di t i o n He w a s rel a t ed t hro ug h h is w ife to 55!

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“ i llia m J o n es w ho ma rri ed M r H ebe r s a un t i n t he year

'
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, .
6 00 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

B r a h mi n s a nd R a jp ust A s e.c o n d editi o n a pp e a re d in

“
1 860 His c hi ef c o m pl et ed w o rk h o
.
w e v e r ,
w a s t h e ,
B b
i li o
”

g r a p h i c a l I n d ex t o t h e H i s t o ri a n s o f M u h a m m a d a n I n di a ,

i n w hi c h h e pro p o s ed t o g i v e a n a a ly i n s s o f t h e c o n t e n ts

a nd a c ri t c s m o f the
i i v a l ue o f 23 1 A r a b i c a n d P e r s i an

hi s t o ri a n s o f I n di a B ut he o n ly li v ed to b ri n g o u t
.
t h e fi r c t

v o ume i n 1 849
l . ili
Fa n g h ea l t h co m p e l l e d h i m t o se e k

a c a n g e o f c ma t e a
h li n d he ,
di e d o n h i s v o y a g e h o m e .

a f t e r t w en t y s i x
- y ea rs c o n ti uo us s r i e
n
’
e v c i n I di
n a H e .

l eft l a rge ma n usc ript c o ll ec ti o ns behi n d w h i c h w er e pos ,

t h umo us y edit ed
l Th e Hi s t o ry o f I di a a s
. n t o ld y b ,
it s

o w n hi s t o ri a n s ,
p ubli s h ed be tw een 1 866 a n d 1 87 7 testi , ,

fi es t o t h e w id t h a n d v a l ue o f h is hi s t o ri c a l res ea rc h fo r it ,

w a s he w h o a ma s s ed t he ma t eri a l s fo r t he e ig h t v o l ume:
w hi c h n o w fo r m h i s memo ri a l fo r a l l ti me Hi s l ea rni ng ’
.

i n a n o t h er direc t i o n w a s ill us t ra t ed by t h e H i s t o ry a nd
Fo lkl o re a n d D i s tri buti on o f t he R a ces o f t he N o rth West -

”
e rn Pr o v i n c es , w hi c h fo un d a n edit o r in M r J ohn .

B ea mes , in 1 869 .

M e mo ri es of rri bl e c a t a s t ro ph e a re rec a ll e d bv an
a te

a dj o i n i n g br a s s w hi c h bea r s t he n a me o f C o l o n el F rederick

S h er w o o d Ta ylo r o f t he R o y a l E ng i n eer s a nd C o n s ul ti ng
, ,

E ng i n ee r fo r R a il w a y s t o th e G o ver n me n t o f I n di a w ho ,

w a s kill ed by t he l a n d s lip a t N a i n i Tal o n Se pt ember 1 8th .

1 880 . R a i n ha d fa ll en i n t o rren t s o n th e 1 6t h a n d c onti

n ued d uri n g t he 1 7t h a n d 1 8t h by W hi c h ti me 3 3 i nches ,

A t t en o c l ock on
’
h a d f a ll en in t he t w en t y fo ur h o ur s -
.

t he mo r n i n g o f S a t urd a y t he 1 8t h a s li g h t s li p o cc urred
, ,

behi n d t he V i c t o ri a H o t el w hich s too d t o th e n o rth of the

,

n o r t h e r n c o r n er o f t he l a k e a n d buri ed s ever a l n a ti ves and

,
 UL L 601
'

S T. P A s C ATHE D R A .

o n e E ur o pea n hild The As s i s t a n t C o mmi s s io n er M r

c . ,
.

L e o n a rd Ta yl o r w i t h a n um be r o f po li ce a n d l a bo ure r s a n d
, ,

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,
d o f a d e t a c h me n t o f

s o ldi e r s w e re a t w o rk c l ea ri n g a w a y t he d éb ri s a nd ren
,

d e ri n g a s s i s t a n c e t o t he w o un ded w h en a t 1 30 P M ,
t he - . .
,

w h o l e pr ec ipi t o us c liff o v erh a n g i n g t h e h o t e l fell w i t h

a t re me n d o us ro a r buryi ng a t o n c e t he h o te l t he reli ef
, ,

a r t y t h e As s embly r oo ms li br a ry o rd erly ro o m r o a d a n d
p
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. m o s t ev ery p er s o n in t he b uildi n
g a n d g r o u n d s

w a s e n t o mbed a n d it w a s f o un d ut t erly i m po s s i bl e t o ex
,

t ri c a t e a n y o f th em .

O ppo s ite S i r H en ry E lli o t s t ab l et a re t w o me mo ri a l s

’

o f t h e I n di a n M ut i n y Th e fi r s t is a t a bl et i n s c ri bed w ith
.

t h e n a mes o f a y o un g B en g a l c i v ili a n a n d h i s s i s t er t h e ,

o n e 21 a n d t h e o t h e r 20 ye a rs o ld a t t he t i me o f t h e i r t r a g i c

d e a th . S i r M o un t s t ua r t Goo dri c ke J a c k s o n B a r t w as ,
.
,

a g o d s o n of M o u n t s t ua rt E lphi n s t o ne w h o se a id e d e ,
-

c a m p a s G o v e r n o r o f B o mba y h i s fa t h er Si r K ei t h Al ex
, ,

a n de r J ac kso n t h e s ec o n d ba ro n et
, h a d been He h a d
, .

o n l y a rri v ed i n I n di a t h e y ea r be f o re t h e M ut i n y bro k e o ut ,

a n d i n J une 1 857 w a s As s i s t a n t C o mmi s s i o n e r o f S eet a

o r e a n i mp o r t a n t m ilit a ry s t a t i o n i n O udh fi ft m i l
p , y o ne e s ,
-

f ro m L uc k n o w O n t he 3rd o f th a t mo n t h th e t h ree n a t i v e
.
,

r e g i me n t s w hi c h fo r med t he g a rri s o n ro s e i n mut i n y a n d

m urd ered t hei r O fli c ers Th ey n ex t a tt a c k ed t h e h o us e o f

.

t h e C o m mi s s i o n er G eo rg e J a c k s o n Chri s t i a n
, w h e re t he ,

w o m en a n d c hild ren h a d been c o ll ec t ed The p o s i t i o n .

s o o n beca me un t en a bl e a n d t he h a n df ul o f E n g li s h w ere
,

f o r c e d t o fly Chri s ti a n a n d h is w i fe a n d c hild w ere s h o t

.

d o w n a n d s o a l s o w e re H en ry B en s l ey Th o r n hill a n o t h e r
, ,
 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

As s i s ta n t C o mmi s s i o n er a n d h is w ife J a c k s o n a n d his

,
.

t w o s i s t e r s C a pt a i n P a t ri c k O rr Li eut en a n t G H B urns
, ,
. . .

S e rg ea n t M a j o r M o r to n a n d a few o t he rs s uc c eed e d i n es
-
,

c a pi n g t o t h e j un g l es n ea r t he Fo r t o f t he M i t h o w lee

R a j a h w h o r ef us ed t o recei v e t h em a n d a f te r re m a i n i ng
,

i n hidi ng fo r s ev er a l w ee k s a n d s ufferi n g t he e x t re m i t y of
d i s tres s a n d pri va t i o n t he few s urv i vo rs w e re ul t i m a t el y
,

t a k en pri s o n e r s a n d s en t t o t he K a i s a r B ag h a t L uc kn on
i n t w o se p a ra te pa rt i es H ere t h ey w e re murd e re d M i ss
.
,

A meli a G eo rg i n a Ja c k s o n a n d th o se w ith he r o n t h e 24th ,

S ep t e mbe r 1 857 a n d Sir M o un t s t ua rt a n d h is fe l l o w c a p

, ,

t i ves a few w ee k s l a t e r o n t h e l 6t h N o v e mber

,
A m e mo .

ri a l k no w n a s t he O rr M o n umen t n o w ma rk s t he s p o t Of .

t he w h o l e n umbe r o n ly t h ree es c a pe d o n e c hil d w h o w a

, , ,
s

s mugg l e d i n t o t he Al um B a g h by a fa ith f ul s e rv a n t a nd ,

t w o l a di es M rs O rr o n e o f t he ref uges fro m M o h um dee

, .

n ea r S h a h j eh a n o re a n d t h e s ec o n d M i s s J a c k s o n w ho
p ,

w e re re s c ued by C o li n C a m p bell s r eli ev i n g fo rc e i n M a rc h

’

1 858 . M i s s J a c k s o n s ubs eq uen t ly ma rri ed h er c o u s i n El

p h i n s t o n e J a c k so n o f t h e B e n g a l Ci v il S e r v i ce w h o w as ,

a J ud g e o f t h e Hi h C o ur t a t F o r t W illi a m fro m 1 8 6 3 to
g
1 87 3 a n d di ed in t he l a t t e r y ea r
, The fa m ily i s un rep re
.

s e n t ed t o da -
y i n t h e Ci v il S e r v i c e bu t i t w a s, a typi c a l o ne

o f i t s ki n d w h e n H a il eybury r ul ed t he l a n d Th e fi rst .

ba ro n e t S i r J o h n J a c k s o n w a s a D i rec t o r o f t he E a t
, ,
s

I n di a C o mp a n y fro m 1 807 t o 1 820 a n d M P fo r D o v e r . . .

Tw o o f h is s o n s w e re in t he B en g a l Ci v il S e rv i c e : “ d 3

B ro w n J a c k s o n J ud ge o f t h e S udd er A d a w l ut w h o s e rv ed
, ,

i n I n di a fro m 1 821 t o 1 853 a n d di ed a s recen t ly a s 1 890

, .

a n d C o l v ill e C o ve rl ey J a c k s o n w ho a c c o mp a n i ed C o li n
C a mp bell s fo rc e a n d w a s pres en t a t t he reca pture o f
’

,
6 04 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

l 1 5t N i
a t ve I n f a n t ry ha d been w a r n ed by M r C h ri s t i a n . .

t he C o m mi s s i o n er t h a t g r a v e s y mp t o ms o f d i s a ffe c t i o n
,

h a d a pp ea r ed a mo n g t h e i r o w n : but t h ey c l un g t o t h eir
b eli ef i n t h eir l o y a l t y a n d w e re s h o t d o w n w i t h o ut o p p o r
t un i t y fo r d efen c e o r es c a p e The w i fe o f C a p t a i n G o w a n
. ,

w h o i s a l s o c o mme mo r a t ed o n t h e t a bl et w a s a d a ug h t e r o f

M a j o r Gen era l J a mes S t ua r t o f t he B en ga l Arm y

- Bo th .

s h e a n d t h ei r i n f a n t s o n w er e c r uelly murd e r e d a s t h en
,

w e re a t t e mp t i n g t o fly w i t h t he o t h er w o men a n d C h i l d r e n

a ft e r t h e a t t a c k o n t h e C o mmi s s i o n er s h o us e
’
.

A dj o i n i n g t h e s e t w o h o f S ir M
l
t a b e t s a n d t o t h e s o ut .

k pl d m r l a bl et i n m emo ry o f G eo r e
’

J a c s o n s i s ,
a c e a a b e t g
C a r n a c B a r ne s C B o f t h e B en g a l Ci v il S erv i c e f ro m
, . .
, ,

1 837 t o 1 86 1 w h o di ed M a y 1 3th 1 86 1 a ged 43

, , , .

D uri n g t h e M ut i n y , G eo rg e C a r n a c B a r n es w a s C o rn
m i s s i o n e r o f t h e c is S ut l ej S t a t es a n d did ex c ell e n t s e n i or
-
,

i n c o ll ec t i n g s uppli es fo r t he D elhi fo rc e a n d i n k ee p i n g t he
c o m mun i c a t i o n s o p en w i t h t h e a id o f t h e l o y a l S i k h f e n d a

t o ri es. S o s pl en didly w a s h i s w o rk d o n e t h a t n e v e r w a s
a n a t t emp t ma d e t o i n t e rc ep t t he s uppli es o f s t o re s a nd
”
a m m un i t i o n It is s a id t h a t i n o n e w eek h e c o ll e c t e d fo r
.

t r a n s p o r t p urpo s es c a mel s men a n d 500 c a rt s

, .

To h i m a n d a l s o t o M ild ma y R i c k et t s t he D ep uty C o m m is ,

s io n e r o f Lo o d h i a n a w a s d ue t h e pr es e rv a t i on o f pe a c e in
,

t he c i s S ut l ej di s t ri c t s
-
a ma t t e r o f v it al i mp o rt a n c e
,
.

He en d ed h is c a reer a s Fo rei g n S ec ret a ry t o t he G o v e rn

men t o f L o rd C a n n i n g In t he pr ese n t gen e ra t i o n
. t he ,

f a mily rep ut a t i o n in I n di a h a s been w o rth i ly uph e ld bv

h i s n eph ew S i r H ug h S h a k es pea r B a r n es w ho a ft e r h o ld
, ,

i n g t he o fii c e o f Fo r ei g n S ec ret a ry in h i s t ur n w a s Li eu ,
t e na nt -
Go v er n o r of fro m 1 903 t o 1 905
B ur ma ,
a nd is now

m ember
’
a of t he S ec r et a ry o f S t a t e s C o un c il .

A s w e ma k e i n t o t he t ra n s ep t w e pe rc ei v e in
o ur w a y ,

i t s e a s t er n c o r n e r L a dy C a n n i n g s mo n umen t remo v ed
’

, ,

f ro m B a rr a c kpo re P a rk , w h ere it w a s o ri gi n a lly e r ec ted .

I t is a n i mmen s e ma rbl e p la t fo r m o r n a me n t ed w i t h mo s a i c ,

w o rk a n d s ur mo un t ed by a c en o t a ph
,
w ith a bea ut if ul ,

c a r v ed h ea d s t o n e It be a r s t he fo ll o w i n g i n s c rip t i o n
.

H o n o ur s a n d pr a i s es w ri t ten o n a t o mb a re a t bes t
, ,

a va in
g l o ry b u t t h a t h ,e r c h a ri t y h um il ity w e a k n es s , , ,

a n d w a t c h f ul f a i t h i n h e r S a v i o ur w ill fo r t h a t S a v i o ur s
’
,

ke be a c c ep t ed o f God a n d be t o he r a g l o ry ev erl a s t i n g
, , ,

i s t h e fi rm t r us t o f th o s e w h o k n ew he r bes t a n d mo s t ,

d e a rly l o ved he r i n lif e a n d w h o c h e ri s h t h e memo ry o f

,

h e r d epa rt ed S a c r ed t o t he memo ry o f Ch a rl o tt e E li z a
.

b e t h eld es t d a ugh te r o f L o rd S t ua rt D e R o t hes a y bo r n

, ,

a t P a ri s 3 l s t M a rc h,
1 81 7 di ed a t C a l c ut t a 1 8t h N o ve m
, ,

b e r 1 86 1 : w ife o f Ch a rl es J o h n V i s c o un t a n d E a rl o f
,

C a n n i n g fi r s t V i c ero y o f I n di a
,
Th e a bo v e w o rd s w e re .

u ri t t e n 22n d N o v e mbe r 1 86 1 by E a rl C a n ni n g w ho s ur
'

, , ,

v i v e d h i s w i fe but s ev e n mo n t h s He l e f t I n di a o n t he 1 8t h.

M a r c h di ed i n L o n d o n o n t he 1 7t h J un e a n d w a s buri ed
, ,

i n W e s t mi n s t er Abbey o n t he 2l s t J un e La dy ,

C a n n i ng s d ea th w a s c a us ed by a n a t t a c k o f m a l a ri o us
’

f e v e r c o n t r a c t ed i n p a s s i n g t hr o ug h t h e Ter a i o n he r
,

re t ur n fro m a v i s i t t o D a rj eeli ng S he li es buri ed i n t he .

P a r k a t B a rr a c kpo re .

At a l o vely ben d of t he v —
ri e r La dy C a n n i n g ’
s fa v o u
ri t e
—
h a un t he r bo dy res t s ,
”
w ri t es S i r H en ry C un n i n
g
»
h a m i n h is life of Lo rd C a n n i n g H o n o ur s a n d pr a i s es
, ,
606 CA L C UTTA O L D AN D x s w .

so r un s t he epit a ph w h i c h her h us ba n d s h a n d i n s c ri bed ’

.

w ri t t e n o n a t o mb a re a t bes t a v a i n g l o ry
, ,
v a in t oo , ,

t he reg r et s o f t he s a dd en ed h ea r t s w hi c h mo ur n ed f a r a nd

w id e i n I n di a t he l o s s o f t h e be a uti f ul a n d g i ft e d w o man

w h o h a d w ith s uc h f o rt it ud e a n d d ev o ti o n s h a re d t he
"
a n x i et i es a n d li g h t en ed t h e l a bo ur s o f L o rd C a n n i ng

t r o ubl ed r ei g n . Her s ere n e c o ur a ge in h o ur s o f d a n ger

a n d a n x i et y w h en t he h ea r t s o f ma n y w ere f a i l i n g t h em

fo r fea r h er rea di n es s t o h elp in a ll ben efic i a l p ro j ec t s

,
.

a n d h e r s y mp a thy w i t h h uma n s uff eri n g he r n o b i l i t y of ,

c h a r a c t er s hi n i n g b ri g h t a b o v e c a t a s tro ph e a n d v i c i s s i t ude ,

ma d e he r dea t h a p ubli c l o s s a c o mmo n s o rro w a n d ma de

, ,

h er me mo ry n o w o n e th a t E n g li s h men trea s ure a m o n g t he

’

p r ec i o u s r eli c s o f t h ei r c o un t ry s p a s t .

D i r ec t ly t o t he ea s t o fLa dy C a n n i n g s t o mb i s a fin : ’

m ur a l t a bl et ex ec ut ed by J G Lo ug h in 1 846 i n m e m ory
. .
, ,

o f S i r W i lli a m Ha y M a c n a g h t en B a rt B e n g a l Ci vil
, .
,

S e r v i c e w ho w a s a s s a s s i n a t ed a t K a bul in 1 841
, O n e i ther .

s id e a re f ull l en g t h I n di a n fi g ur es
-
behi n d e a c h o f w h o m
,

i s s een a c ro uc hi n g li o n . To t he ri g h t is a H i n d o o w i th
t h e fi n ge rs o f h is l eft h a n d o n t he li o n s m a n e on ’
-
,

t he o t he r s id e is a M us s ul ma n w i th h is ri h t l e ,g g c ro ss ed
in f ro n t o f h is l ef t a n d h is ri g h t k n ee res t i ng o n t h e l i o n s
,
’

h ea d Abo ve the t a bl et is M a c n a gh t en s c o a t o f a rm s w i th
.
’

h is mo t t o ,
H o pe in G o d .Th e w h o l e is s ur mo un t e d bv
a s t a t ue o f S i r W illi a m M a c n a g h t en i n fi n e r eli e f s ea ted ,

i n a c h a i r a n d t ur n ed t o w a rd s t he ri g h t o f t he s pe c t a t o r .

Th e b ri efes t n o t i c e o f t h e c a reer o f thi s di s t i n g ui s hed

s e r v a n t o f t he C o mp a n y m us t s uffi c e He w a s t h e s ec o n d
.

s o n o f S i r F r a n c i s W o rk ma n M a c n a gh t en , P ui s ne J ud e
g
608 CA CL U TTA O L D A N D n ew .

Go v e rn o r G en er a l w hen L o rd Auc kl a n d
proc eed ed t o t he
N o r t h W es t Pro v i n c es : a n d v i s i t ed S i ml a i n h i s s ui te
Th e n ex t t hree y ea rs o f h is li f e w ere s pen t i n d i p l o m a cy .

He w a s d ep ut ed t o L a h o re t o c o n c l ud e t he t ri p a rt i t e t rea t v
a rr a n ged bet w een R a n j eet S i n g h t he B ri t i s h
, G o v ern
me n t a n d S h a h S h uj a h t he p uppe t K i n g w ho m L o rd A ud i
,
o

l a n d w a s d et er mi n ed t o pl a c e o n t he t h ro n e o f D os
M uh a m ma d . Th en c e h e a c c o mpa n i ed L o rd A uc k l a n d to
t h e g re a t ga t h e ri n g o f t he B ri t i s h t r oo p s a t Fe ro z e p ore .

a n d i n h i s c a p a c i t y a s B ri t i s h E n v o y set o ut w i t h t h e m to

e s c o r t S h a h S oo j a h t o K a bul Th e mili t ary c h ro n i c l e s o

.
f

t he t i me h a v e t o ld h o w G h uz n ee w a s t a k en h o w D os
, t

M uh a mma d fl ed a n d h is fa mily s urren d ered t h e m s e l v es a

,
s

pri s o n er s a n d ho w S h a h S uj a h w a s i n s t a ll ed i n t h e Bah
,

H i s s a r a n d a c o n s id era bl e po r t i o n o f th e a rmy s e n t ba ck
t o I n di a. M a c n a gh t en rema i n ed behi n d w i t h E l i p h i n s t oot
a n d h i s f o r c e a n d i n 1 840 w a s h o n o ured w i t h a ba r o n e tc
, y .

I n J un e o f t he s a me y ea r he w a s pro v i s i o n a ll y a p p o i n t ed a
M e mbe r o f t he S upreme C o un c il a n d in S ep tembe r 1 841
, , .

h e rec e i v ed i n ti ma t i o n t h a t t he Co ur t o f D i rec t o rs ha d
n o m i n a t e d h i m t o t he Go v e rn o r s hip o f B o mb a i u
y n s c c es

s i o n to S i r J o hn R i v et t C a r n a c
-
B ut he n ev e r a s s umed
.

c h a rg e o f ei t h er o f t h es e hi g h o ffi c es fo r he bec a m e t he
,

fi r s t v i c t i m o f a ri s i ng w hi c h e n d ed i n t he c o mple t e d e s t ruc .

t i o n o f t h e B ri t i s h a r my o f oc c up a t i o n He h a d fi x e d t lk
.

e a rly p a r t o f N o v e mbe r 1 841 fo r t he d ep a r t ure f ro m

, ,

K a bul w h en in a c o n fe ren c e w i t h A kba r Kh a n t he s o n of ,

D o s t M uh a m ma d h e w a s s h o t d ea d o n t h e 23rd D ec e m ber
, .

1 841 w i t h t h e pi s t o l s w hi c h h e h a d pre s e n t ed t o h i m a few

,

d a vs be fo re . Hi s r e ma i n s w e re s ubs eq uen t ly res c ue d f ro m

t h e p it in t o w hi c h t h ey h a d bee n t h ro w n a n d i nt erre d on
 UL
’

ST . PA s C ATHE D R A L .

A p ri l 2
2 d 18
n ,
43 ,
i n t h e Ci r c u l a r R o a d C e m e t e ry w h e r e

t h e h a n d s o m e t o m b e re c t ed b y h i s w id o w m a y b e s e en c l o s e

to t e m h a i n e n t r a n c e T h
. e i n sc rip t i o n i n t h e C a th e d r a l
re a s d a s f o ll o w s T o t he m e m o ry o f S i r W i lli a m H ay

IVI a c n a g h t e n B a ro n et o f t he B e n g a l Ci v il S e rv i c e
, ,
His .

m i n d li ber a lly en d o w ed by n a t ure a n d en ri c h ed by edu

,

c a t i o n a n d res ea r c h w a s q ui c k en e d i n t o a c t i o n by hi g h a n d
,

e n e r o us i m p ul s e s a lik e c o n d uc i v e t o g o o d a n d g r e a t
g ,

re s ul t s a n d t o h o n o ur a bl e di s t i n c t i o n t h us t h a t c h a r a c t er ,

b ec a me d ev el o ped w h o s e ex c ell en c e a c k n o w l ed ged w ith

, ,

o ut di s s en t ,
w a s r eg a rd ed w i t h o ut en v y fro m t he mo d es ty

w h i c h embelli s h ed it E n t r us t ed d uri ng a l o ng c o ur s e o f
.

a rd uo us s e r v i c e w i t h c o n fi d e n t i a l a ut h o ri t y he a d v a n c ed ,

t h e r ep ut a t i o n h e h a d ea rly es t a bli s h ed : un til w hil s t ,

E n v o y a t t he C o ur t o f C a bul h o n o ur ed by h is S o v e re i g n
,

a n d o n t h e ev e o f a s s umi n g t he Go v er n men t o f B o mba y ,

h i s bri g h t c a ree r o f ea r t hly us ef ul n es s w a s a rres t ed .

R e v o l t h a d bur s t fo r t h up o n t he l a n d a n d o n t h e 23rd da y
o f D ec e m be r ,
1 84 1 i n t he s ummer o f h i s ma n h oo d a n d
,

h is fo r t un es i n t he fo r t y e i g h t h y ea r o f h is a g e he fell by
,
-
,

t h e ha nd o f a n a s s a s s i n His p ubli c a c t s w ill be fo un d

.

r e c o rd ed in the a n n a l s o f his c o un try t hi s memo ri a l is t he

l a s t t ri but e pe r mi t t ed t o pri v a te fri en d s hi p .

Abo ve t he M a c n a ug h t en mo n umen t h a n g t he o ld c o lo ur s
o f t he 1 8t h B e n g a l I n fa n t ry w hi c h w er e pl a c e d h e r e i n 1 886
,

o n t he pr ese n t a t i o n o f n ew c o l o ur s by t he M a rc hi o n es s o f

D ufferi n a n d Av a : t h e r eg i men t be i n g t h e n un d er c o m
m a n d o f C o l o n el A C To k er C B a s a t a bl et bel o w t he
. .
,
. .
,

c o l o ur s rec o rd s .

T o t he ri gh t of t he c o o u l rs is a bl a c k ma r bl e t a bl et in a

39
610 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D n ew .

rec es s o f t h e n o rt h er n w a ll i n memo ry o f C o un t R o bert

Adri a n S t ed ma n C B Li eut en a n t Co l o n el in t h e B en g al
, .
-

Li gh t C a v a l ry w ho di ed a t s ea o n hi s w a y t o E n g l a n d
bet w een C a l c ut t a a n d M a d ra s o n bo a rd t he s t ea m e r H a d .

di n g t o n proc ee di n g t o E n gl a n d a t 3 i n t he mo rn i n g o f
”
A pril 1 2t h 1 849 a g ed 59 y ea r s
, ,
He s e rv e d i n t he .

”
Beng a l Li g h t C a v a l ry 41 y ea rs a n d o n e mo n t h .

C o l o n el S t ed ma n r d t he Ben g a
l C a v a lry a s a c a de
en t e e

i n 1 808 . He w as a C o un t o f t he H o ly R o m a n E m p i re ,

a n d t h e s o n o f Li eut en a n t C o l o n e l J o h n G a b ri e l S t e d ma n
-

.
( 1 7 44-
1 7 9 7 ) a ut h o r o f t he w e ll k n o w n boo k o n S u ri na m

w ho ma rri ed fi r s t ly J o a n n a a n a ti v e o f S uri n a m a nd
,

s ec o n dly Adri a n a V iert z V o n C oel h o rn g r a n d d a u h ter

g
-
,

o f t he f a mo us m ili t a ry en g i n eer An o t h e r s o n o f 1m .

G a bri el S t ed ma n C a p t a i n J o h n C a mbrid ge S ted m a n o f the

,

34t h R eg i men t Chi c a c o l e Li g h t I n f a n t ry w a s k i ll e d o n the ,

l l t h J a n ua ry 1 826 a t t h e c a p t ure o f t he S et o n g s t o c k a de
, ,

d uri n g t he B ur mes e w a r w hi c h e n d ed i n t he c a p t u re o :

A rra c a n P eg u a n d Te n a s s e ri m
,
Th e re is a mo n u m e n t bu.

Cl a rk e t h e B ir mi n g h a m Ch a n t rey i n t he F o r t C h urc h
a t M a dr a s t o h is me mo rv a n d t h o s e o f h is bro t h e r o ffi c e rs ,

killed a n d fa t a lly w o un d ed o n t he s a me oc c a s i o n Tb. .

S t ed ma n s a re s t ill r epr es en t ed in t he ma l e li n e by G e n e ral

S ir E d w a rd S t ed ma n M ili t a ry Sec re t a ry a t t he
,

In di a O ffic e a n d i n t he fema l e li ne by S i r H e n ry J o h n
,

S t ed ma n C o t t o n ,
M P w h o s e bus t w il l b e f o un d
. .
,

i n t h e To w n H a ll a n d w h o is t he g ra n d s o n o f
, S ur i n a m "

S t ed ma n s d a ug h t er
’
.

Be fo re l ea v i n g t he t a n s e r pt w e ma y n o t e t w o o f t he
l
t a b e t s o n t he w a ll t o t he n o rt h o f L a dy C a n n i n omb
’
g s t .
 61 2 CA C L UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

of t he 43rd G ur kh a R ifl es . Th e t a bl et a l so bea rs t h e n a me

of Li eut Li o n el W ilh el m B r a c k en bury w h o w i th o t hers

. .

n a t i ve o ffic er s a n d s o ldi e r s o f t he 44t h G ur k h a R i fl es fell ,

i n a c t i o n a t M a n i p o re o n t he s a me da y : a n d o f W i ll i am
B a bi n g to n M el v ill e S uperi n t en d en t o f Tel eg r a p h s
, a nd ,

J a mes O B rie n a s i g n a ll er i n t h e s a me d epa r t m e n t w ho

’

, ,

w e re murd e red a t M y a n g kho n g o n t h e S il c h a r M a n i pore ,

-

ro a d o n M a rc h 26t h 1 89 1 The t ra gedy w a s o c c a s i o ned

, ,
.

by t h e G o v e r n men t o f I nd i a s d es p a t c h o f M r Q ui n ton
’
.

t o a rr es t i n o p e n D ur ba r t he Se n a p a t i o r C o m m a n d e r in ,
-

”
Chi ef o f t he M a n ipo re a r my w ho h a d en g i n ee red a ,

pa l a c e rev o l ut i o n W h en t he p a rty rea c h ed M a n i p o re t he

.
n

w e re bes i eg ed i n t he R es id en c y a n d s urr en de ri ng o n t e rms ,

w e r e beh ea d ed i n t he P a l a c e en c l o s ur e Fo r t h e i r c o mpli .

c i t y i n t h e c ri me t h e R a j a h w a s d epo s ed a n d t h e S e n a pa ti
,

a n d h is pri n c ip a l s upp o r t e r t he To n a] Gen e r a l h a n d

g g e .

To t he n o trh of a nd n ex t t o t he M a n ipo re t a b le t is a

ma r bl e l
s ab i n me mo ry of Col . R o ber t Abe rc ro m b y Y ul e ,

of t he 9 t h L a n c er s a m a n g r ea t ly bel o v ed a m o d e s t and
, ,

"
a c c o mpli s h ed s o ldi e r a n d a s b r a v e a s ev e r dr e w a s w o rd
, ,

kill ed a t t h e h ea d o f h is r eg i men t o n t he even i n g o f t h e 1 9th

J une 1 857
,
i n a n en c o un t e r w i th t he r ebel fo rc e i n rea r
”
o f t he c a m p a t D elhi Th e d ec ea s ed w a s a m a n of
.

l et t e r s a s w ell a s a s o ldie r a n d w ro te i n 1 856 a p o em

e n t i t l ed t h e B a n y a n Tr ee q uo t a t i o n s fro m w h i c h w ill
,

be fo un d i n H o b s o n Jo bs o n He w a s t he b ro t h e r o f Sir
.

G eo rg e U d n y Y ul e ,
C B ( 1 8 1 3 1 886) C o m mi s
. .
,
-

s io n e r o f B h a g a lp ur d ur i n g t h e M ut i n y a n d a f t e rw a rds

C h ief C o m mi s s io n e r o f O ud h ( 1 86 1 ) M ember o f t he S up reme

C o un c i l ( 1 86 7 1 868 ) a n d R e s ide n t a t H vde ra ba d f r o m 1 863
-
 ST . P AU L S C AT HE D R A L .

to 1 86 7 . He w as as h i k a ri a s h e w a s dis
fa mo us as a s

t i n g ui s hed a s a n a d mi n i s t ra t o r It w a s d uri n g S i r Geo rge

.

Y ul e s t en ure o f o ffi c e a t Hyd e ra ba d t h a t J a mes Ac hill es

’

K i r k p a t ri c k s fa mo us R un g M a h a l p a l a c e w a s p ull ed
’

d ow n . A thi rd b r o t h e r w a s t h e w ell k n o w n S i r H en ry
Y ul e o f t he B en g a l E n g i n eer s ( 1 820 1 889) a l s o a -

M a rc o P o ld s Tra
’
a nd a C B .
g g
e o . r a
,
ph e r a n d edi t o r o f
v e l s a n d o f t he D i a ry o f S i r W illi a m H edges fo r th e Ha k

l uy t Soc i et y w h o w a s fr o m 1 862 t o 1 869 a membe r o f t he

S e c ret a ry o f S t a t e s C o un c il Th e f a t h er o f t he Y ul es w a s
’
.

W i lli a m Y ul e ( 1 764 t o 1 839) a M a j o r in t he Co mp a n y s ’

s e rv i c e w h o w a s hi mse lf a n o ri en t a li s t o f rep ut e a n d
,

w h o s e v a l ua bl e c o ll ec t i o n o f P e r s i a n a n d A r a bi c ma n us

c rip t s w a s pres en t ed by h is s o n s t o t h e B ri t i s h M us eum .

R o ber t Y ul e w a s t h e sec o n d s o n a n d w a s fo rt y y ea r s o ld
a t t he t i me o f h i s g a ll a n t d ea t h His epi t a ph h ere w a s.

w ri t t en by h is bro t h e r H e n ry .

O n t he ppo s i t e a re ma r bl e t a bl et s t o S ir R i c h a rd
w al l o

d e La t o ur S t Geo rg e B a rt . a y o un g s uba l t er n in t he
, .
,

B en ga l A r t ill e ry w ho di ed a t L a n do ur a t t he a ge o f 25 o n
t he 1 4t h O c t o be r 1 86 1 a n d t o S i r R o be rt B a rl o w
, ,
B a rt ,
.
,

fo r mo re t h a n s i x t een y ea r s a J ud ge o f t h e S udd e r
C o urt w ho di ed J a n ua ry 2l s t 1 857 a g ed 59 y ea r s ,
The ,
.

l a t t er is i n t he fo r m o f a ma r bl e c ro s s Si r R o bert B a rl o w .

w a s t h e fo ur t h s o n o f S ir Geo rge Hila ro B a rl ow B a rt ,

.

G overn o r G en er a l o f I n di a fr o m O c t o be r 1 805 to J uly 1 807

-
,

a n d s ubs eq uen t ly a f t e r h i s s up e r s es s i o n b
y L o rd M i n t o ,

Go ver n o r o f M a dr a s fro m D ec ember 1 807 t o Augus t , ,

1 81 3. He w a s c rea t ed a ba ro n et in 1 803 a n d s ev er a l o f
h is de s cen d a n t s h a ve been m ember s o f t h e I n di a n Ci v il
61 4 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D s ew .

Serv i c e . The h ere c o m memo r a ted w a s t h e s e c o n d

o ne

ba r o n et . Th e f o urt h a n d l a t e ba ro n e t S i r R i c h a rd ,

W ell es ley B a rl o w w a s h is n eph ew a n d t he g ra n d s o n of

G e ne ra l S i r W illi a m N o t t He s e rv ed i n t he M a d ras
.

Ci v il Ser v i c e fro m 1 855 t o 1 884 .

Be l o w t he B a rl o w memo ri a l i s
t a bl et i n s c ri be d w i th
a

t he n a me o f C ec il M a c ki n t o s h S t eph en s o n Ag e n t o f t he ,

E a s t I n di a n R a il w a y C o mp a n y w ho di ed a t s ea o n t he 21 31
,

N o v e mbe r 1 87 5 a ged 56 y ea r s
, , Th e t a bl et i s d ec l a red
.

t o be erec t ed a s a ma rk o f t h eir s i n c e r e e s t e e m
, a nd

r es pec t by mo r e t h a n fi v e t h o us a n d o fli c ers a n d me n o f t he
E a s t I n di a n R a il w a y ( a n d o t h er s d es i ri n g t o j o i n ) w ho
h a v e a l s o pl a c ed a s i mil a r t a bl et a t t he R a il w a y t e rm i n us .

H o w r a h a hd i n s t i t ut ed a sc h o l a r s hip i n t he d i o c es a n
,

s c h o o l a t N a i n i Ta l fo r s o n s o f t h e E a s t I n di a n R a i l w a y
'

s erv a n t s .

Tur n i n g r o un d t he c o r n er t o t he l eft w e fi n d a t a b le t in ,

me mo ry o f Th o ma s R e id D a v id s o n w ho c o mi n g o ut to ,

I n di a in 1 8 1 9 a s a w ri t e r o n t he Beng a l es ta b l i s h ment
e n d ed h i s o fli c ia l c a r ee r a s R e s id en t a t N a
‘
g p o r e i n the , .

C en t ra l P ro v mc es w h ere he di ed o n A ug us t 30 1 8 5 1 a t
, , ,

t h e a g e O f 52 y e a r s He w a s a member o f t he B o a rd of
.

R ev en ue a t C a l c ut t a fro m 1 846 t o 1 848 in w hi c h y e a r he ,

w a s a pp o i n t ed t o N a g p o re .

To t h e ea s t o f t he D a v id s o n t a bl et w e n ex t co me a c ros s
t he fa mo us m e mo ri a l to P a t ri c k A l ex
d er V a n s Ag n e w an ,

o f t he B en g a l Ci v il S er v i ce a n d Li eut W illi a m A n d e rs o n .
,

o f t he Fi r s t Bo m ba y Fus il ie r s w ho w e r e m urd er ed un de r
,
6 16 C A LC U TTA O L D AN D n e w .

T he P un j a b h a d s eemi n g ly been c o n q uered by H a rdi nge

a s t he pri c e o f t h e pi t c h ed b a t t l es o f F e r o z e s h a h ,
A l i w a l
a n d S o br a o n ,a n d H e n ry L a w r e n ce i n s t a ll e d a t L a h o re
.

B ut a t t he beg i n n i n g o f 1 848 w hil e L a w ren c e w a s a w a v in

E n g l a n d a n ew s to r m g a t h e red M ul ra j Go v e r n o r o f
.
,

M ul t a n h a d a g r eed t o res i g n h is po s t : a n d V a n s Ag new

,

w i t h A n d er s o n a n d a s ma ll bo dy o f S ikh t ro o p s w ere

o rd e r ed t o i n s t a ll Kh a n S i n h i n h i s pl a c e
g . .A lit t l e m o re

t h a n t w o y ea r s a ft e r So br a o n V a n s Ag n ew a n d A n d er
,

son w e re a t t a c k ed a n d w o un d ed a s t h ey w e re ri d i ng

o ut o f t h e F o r t a t M ul t a n Th ey t oo k s he lt er a t t he
.

I dga h M o s q ue a n d s en t w o rd t o t he ex Gov er n o r M o o l -

ra j . B ut t he mo b a n d t he S i kh s o ldi er s h a d p a s s ed b e y o nd
c o n t ro l , a nd a s t he da y C l o s ed i n t he c ro w d beg a n t o

s w a r m ro un d t h e mo s q ue A c o mp a n y o f M o o l ra j s
’
.

”
M uz h a bees o r o utc a s t S i kh s l ed t h em o n
, , , w ri t e s H e r b e rt

E d w a rd es . It w a s a n a pp a lli n g s i g ht a n d S i rd a r K h a n
,

S i n g h begged o f V a n s Ag n ew t o be a ll o w ed t o w a v e a
s h eet a n d s ue fo r me r c y .W ea k i n bo dy fro m l o s s o f
bl o o d V a n s Ag n ew s h ea r t fa il ed h im n o t
,
’
He r e p l i ed
.

The t i me fo r me rc y is g o n e : let n o n e be a s k ed f o r .

Th ey c a n kill us t w o if th ey lik e : but w e a re n o t t h e l a s t

o f t h e E n g li s h : t h o us a n d s o f E n g li s h men w ill c o me h e re

w h e n w e a re g o n e a n d a n n ihil a t e M o o l ra j a n d h is s o l d i e r s

a n d h is fo r t Th e c ro w d n ow rus h ed in w i t h h o r ri b l e
’
.

s h o ut s a n d s urr o un d ed t h e t w o o fli c ers . An d ers o n f ro m

t he fi r s t h a d bee n t o o m uc h w o un d ed t o mo v e : a n d n o w

V a n s Ag n e w w a s s i t t i n g by h is bed s id e h o ldi ng h i s h a n d
a n d t a lki n g i n E n g li s h D o ubt l es s t h ey w e re biddi n g e a c h
.

o t h e r fa r ew ell fo r a l l t i me .Go od h er S i n g h a M uz h a bee , ,

s o d e f o r med a n d c rippl ed w i t h ol d w o un d s th a t h e l o o k ed
 S T. P A UL '

s C A I un n R AL .
’

61 7

mo r e li ke an imp th a n mo rt a l ma n s t ep ped fo rth fro m t he ,

:ro w d w i t h a d ra w n s w o rd a n d a f t e r i n s ult ing V a n s Agn ew

,

w i t h a few l a s t i n di g n i t i es s t r uc k h im tw i c e upo n t h e
,

nec k , a n d w i t h a t hi rd bl ow c ut o ff h is h ea d So me o t h er .

w r e t c h di s c h a rged a mus k et i n t o t he lifel es s bo dy Th en .

An d e rs o n w a s h a c k ed t o d ea t h ; a n d a f t erw a rd s t he t w o
bo d i es w ere dr a gged o utsid e a nd s l a s h ed a n d i n s ult ed by
,

th e c ro w d ,
t h e re l ef t a ll ni g h t un d e r t he s ky It i s
’
to uc hi n g t o rec o rd t he b r a v e V a n s Ag n ew s un s h a k en

fa i t h i n h is c o un try men N i n e y ea rs l a t er t he dyi n g

.
,

s p ee c h o f Th o ma s K i rk ma n Ll o yd t h e g a ll a n t M a g i s
,

t r a t e o f Humee rpo re w ho, g a ve u p h i s lif e r a t h er

th a n l ea v e h is po s t w as
,
i n s t i n c t w i t h t he s a me
tr us t a n d t he s a me s pi ri t o f pr o ph ec y H a v e t he
”
E n g li s h n o t c o me yet ? w ere h is l a s t w o rd s a s he s t o od
aw a iti n g h is d ea t h a t t he h a n d s o f t he mut i n eer s And .

in n ei th er t he o n e c a s e n o r t he o t h e r w a s t he t r us t mi s
al a c ed o r t h e pr o ph ec y un f ul fi ll ed W hil e Lo rd G o ug h
.
,

the C o mma n d e r i n Chie f a n d D a lh o us i e w e re d eli be r a t i n g

- -
,

on t he a d v i s a bili t y o f a ho t w ea t h e r c a mp a i g n -
H e rbe rt ,

Ed w a rd es ma rc h ed up fro m B a n n u w i t h h is o w n l ev i es , ,

an d s o me t roo p s un d e r C o l o n el V a n C o rt la n dt
( w h o h a d
ex c h a n ged R un j ee t S i n g h s se r v i c e fo r J o h n C o mp a n y s
’

)
’

i n d t hri c e d e fea t ed M ulr a j fi n a lly s h ut t i n g h i m up i n

,

Mul ta n .

The n ex t act in t he t a g e r dy is
ill us t r a t ed by t he a dj o i n
ng t a bl et o n t he E a s t w a ll
R a i s ed i n fri en d s h i p a n d
.

eg ret by h is s c h o o lfell o w t he E a rl o f D a lh o us i e Go ver

'

,
”
1 o r Gen era 1 o f I n di a it t ell s o f t he s o ldi er s d ea t h o f ’
~
,

tl a j o r G eo rg e M o n t i z a mbe r t o f t h e l ot h R e i men t o f
g
61 8 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D s e w .

Foo t , on t he 1 2t h S ep t em be r , 1 848,
d uri n g t h e s i eg e o f
M ul t a n w h i c h fo ll o w e d a n d w hi c h w a s en d ed by t h e s t orm
,

o f t he c i t y by G e n e r a l W hi s h o n t he 22n d J a n ua ry 1 849 ,
.

M ulr a j did n o t s urren d er ho w ev e r un t il h is fo rt res s w as

, ,

a me r e w rec k a n d t w o g rea t b r ea c h es i n t he w a l l s r e n de red

fur t h e r res i s t a nc e h o p el es s M o n ti z a mbe rt fe ll i n t h e t erri

.

bl e a t t a c k o n t h e h i s g a ll a n t regi
me n t o f Li n c o l n s hi re men pen et ra t ed i n t o t h e e n e mv
'
<

e n c l o s ur e by c li m bi n g t h e t rees a n d dr o ppi n g d o w n mt
t h e t hi c k o f t h ei r foes He res t s un d e r a n o be li s k fi ft
.
'

fee t h i g h i n t h e c i t a d el o f M ul t a n a l o n g s id e V a n s A g n ew
a n d An d e r s o n .

T he re ma i n d e r ry is s o o n t o ld
of t he s t o T h e Sikh .

”
n a t io n D a lh o us i e h a d s a id a t a ba n q ue t g i v e n t o h i m
, .

B a rr a c kpo r e h a s c a ll ed fo r w a r a n d o n my w o rd Sits
, , ,

t h e y s ha ll h a v e i t w i t h a v e n g ea n c e He w a s t rue .

h is un d er t a ki n g Th e ba t t l es o f C h ill i a n w a ll a h a n d G ui}
.

ra t w e re fo ll o w ed by t h e s urr e n d e r o f t he l a s t o f t h e 5m
'
L

l e a d er s a t R a w a l Pi nd i a n d t he a n n e x a t i o n o f t h e P unj i é

o n t he 29t h M a r c h 1 849 , .

J us t to t he s o ut h of M a j o r M o n t iz a mbe rt ’
s m e morii
a nd o n t h e s a me ea s t e rn wa ll is a t a b etl in co m m e m o ra ti tr
l t he los s Pil o t v es s el C o le ro o n w h i c h p e ri s hc
of
'

o the

w i t h a l l h a n d s o n bo a rd i n a c yc l o n e i n t he B a y o f Be n al
,
g
o n t he 5t h a n d 6t h N o v e m be r 1 89 1 , .

In t hert h e r n c o r n e r o f t he ea s t e r n w a ll is a m e mo ria
no

i n h o n o ur o f C o l o n el R i c h a rd Ba i rd S mi t h C B
'

a nC , .

A D C t o Q ueen V i c t o ri a a mut i n y h er o a n d i n h i s latr

. . . , ,

y e a rs M a s t e r o f t h e M i n t a t C a l c ut t a w h o di e d a t M a d rr ,
r

a t t h e a g e o f 42 o n D ec e mbe r 1 3 1 86 1 It i s a fi n e Geno , .
620 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

s p et but a t t en t i o n n eed o n ly be d ra w n t o fo ur The fi rs t . .

w hi c h w ill be f o un d o n t he n o rth e r n w a ll t o t h e e a s t o f t he

d o o r is a s ma ll br a s s t a blet i n memo ry o f Li e ut E ric

,
.

H en ry E r n es t G reen w ho w a s kill ed by a M uh a m m a d a n
,

fa n a t i c a t S ha bka dr o n the 25t h M a rc h 1 900 It i ,

.
s

e r ec t ed b v h is o l d H ea d m a s t e r D r \V elldo n B i s h op
. ,

o f C a l c ut t a fr o m 1 898 t o 1 902 The s ec o n d

. w h ic h i ,
s

i mmedi a t ely be l o w it c o mmemo ra t es a C o m mi s s i o n e r n

,
'

Po li c e o f C a l c ut t a M r A rt h ur H en ry J a mes w h o h e l d t he
, . ,

o fli c e fr o m 1 89 7 t o 1 901 a n d di ed a t Bo urn e mo ut h o n t he

1 8t h N o v e mbe r o f t he l a t t e r y ea r The t hi rd rec a ll s

. f.

pro mi n en t res id en t o f C a l c ut t a fo r ma n y y e a rs i n the

p e r s o n o f M r F red eri c k J o h n Fe rg us o n O ffi c i a l T rus tet
.
,

o f B en g a l w h o di ed o n D ec e mber 5 1 86 7 a t t h e a g e o
, , ,
f

52 . A n d t h e l a s t rec o rd s t he n a me o f C a p t J o h n P a t on .

D a v id s o n o f t he Ben g a l S t a ff C o rp s w ho a t t h e a ge 0
, ,

28 fe ll fi g h t i n g in c o m ma n d o f t he Cr a g pi q ue t i n t he

Khy be r P a s s o n the 1 3t h N o v embe r 1 863 T h e m a n ner ,

.

o f h is ll t d t h i w f r tt n b ut h i f ll w a s th
g a a n ea s n o o g o e s a ,
e

prec urs o r o f t he B l a c k M o un t a i n ex pedi t i o n o f 1 86;

un d e r G en er a l “ ild e w hi c h b r o k e t h e p o w e r o f t h e fa m
’

ti c a l W a h a bees o n t he n o r t h w es t ern fro n t i e r

-
.

O ver r d o o r t o t he n o r t h t r a n s ep t i s a s t a i ned
t h e en t a n c e

g l a s s w i n dow pl a c ed a s a L a t i n i n s c ri p ti o n upo n a bra s

, ,

t a bl e t bel o w i t rec o rd s i n memo ry o f t he R ev T H

, B ur . . . s

w h o di ed i n 1 863 muc h l a me n t ed by Geo rg e Ly n c h Co t

t o n s i x t h bi s h o p o f t hi s s ee t o w h o m fo r se ve n ye a r s he
, ,

w a s a fa i t hf ul a n d us e ful h e lp e r It w a s erec te d a f t er t he
.

B i s h o p s d ea t h by h is w id o w in a c c o rd a n c e w i t h h i s w i s h :
’

"
v i ri s ui v o lun t a t i s h a ud i mmemo r d a m c ura v i t
p o nen .
 UL L 621
’
ST . PA s C ATHE D R A .

I n t he w es t e r n r
r a n d to t he l ef t o f t he S pec t a t o r
co ne ,

a s he s t a n d s fa c i n t h d o r i s a t a bl et e r ec t ed by h is bro
g e o ,

t h e r o ffi cer s a s a t ri but e o f t h ei r rega rd t o S ec o n d L ieut e

, ,
-

nant Ch a rl es Lev er t o n D o n a lds o n o f t he B en g a l E u ,

g i n ee rs w h o
, f e ll i n ex ec ut i o n o f h i s d ut y a mo n g t h e

f o r e m o s t d uri ng t he o pe r a t i o n s befo re R a n g oo n o n A pril

1 2t h 1 852
,
a ged 21 y ea r s O w i n g t o a s uc c es s i o n o f
.

o ut r a o m m i t t ed o n B ri t i s h s ubj ec t s by t he B ur mes e
g e s c

G o v e r n o r o f R a n g o o n fo r w hi c h al l rep a r a t i o n w a s t e
,

f us ed t he g o ve r n me n t o f I n di a d ec l a red w a r i n 1 852 o n
,

P a g a n M i n t he Ki n g o f B ur ma : a n d t o w a rd s t he c l o s e
,

o f t he y ea r Lo rd D a lho us i e pr o c l a i med t h a t t he w h o l e o f
,

t h e pr o v i n ce o f P eg u w a s a n ne x e d t o t he B ri t i s h E mpire .

I t w a s in t he c o ur s e o f t h e s e m ili t a ry o pe r a t i o n s t h a t t h is
y o ung s uba l t er n fell

T he h er t a bl et s i n t he n o r t h t ra n s ep t a re n o t o f s uffi
ot

c i e n t hi s t o ri c a l o r pe r s o n a l i n t e r es t t o d e t a i n us a nd w e ,

m a y ret ur n o nc e mo re t o t he H eber s t a t ue a n d ma k e o ur
w a y i n t o t h e bo dy o f t h e Ch urc h .

H ere in t h e en t r a nc e t o t he C hurc h w e s hal l fi nd r l

s ev e a

me mo ri a l s w hi c h c a ll fo r ex a m i n a ti o n .

I mmedi a tely t o t he l e ft o f t he s t a t ue a n d o n t he n o r t h ,

e rn w a ll is a m a r bl e t a bl et in me mo ry o f C o l o n el A B . .

D i c ke n s C B o f t h e B e n g a l S t a ff C o rp s , D e p ut y C o m
,
. .
,

m is s a ry G e n e r a l w h o die d a t L uc k n o w o n O c t o be r 1 8t h
-
, ,

1 8 7 6 a g ed 52 y ea r s :
, e r ec t ed b
y h i s b r o t h e r o fli c e rs o f

t he C o mm i s s a ri a t D e p a r t me n t i n w hi c h he s e rv ed fo r u ,p
w a rd s o f a q ua r t e r o f a c e n t ury a s a ma rk o f es te em a n d ,
”
reg a rd C o l o n el D ic k e n s s e r ved i n t he M ut in y a s D e
.
6 22 CA L C U TTA O LD A N D N ew .

p y ut As s i s t a n t C o mmi s s a ry Gen era l w i t h S i r

-
C o li n Ca m
b F i eld Fo rc e , a nd w a s pres en t a t t he R eli e f o f
’

p el l s L uc k .

n ow , ea rn i ng men t i on in d es p a t c h es o n t w o o c c a s s ions .

B el o w i we ma y
i n pa s s i n g a bras s w hi c h rec o rd
not c e s

t h a t o n e o f t he mo s a i c p a n el s i n t he re r ed o s i s pl a c ed in

reme mbr a n c e o f F r a n c i s Les t oc k B ea ufo rt a w e ll k n o w » , .

me mbe r o f t he Ci v i l Ser v i c e w h o s e p o r t ra i t h a n g s i n thr

J ud ge s C o urt a t Alip o re a n d w ho di ed i n Se p te m be r 1 879
’

a t t he a g e o f 62 .

Adj o i n i ng on t he ea s t a n d o n t he s a me w a ll is a h a nd
so me ma rbl e i h po r t ra i t med a lli o n w h i c h p reser
t a b et w tl ,

v e s t he me mo ry o f S i r J o h n VV oo dburn L ieute ,

n a n t Go v e r n o r o f B e n g a l fro m 1 898 t o 1 902

-
w h o d i ed a: ,

B el v ed e re o n N o v e mbe r 2l s t o f t h a t y ea r A n a c c o urr .

o f h i s c a r ee r w ill be f o un d i n t he c h a pt e r o n t h e s t a t ues T I

C a l c ut t a in c o n n ec t i o n w i t h t he s t a t ue by M r G eo rge .

F ra mp t o n R A w hi c h w ill s h o r t ly be e rec t ed
,
.
on t il t

s o ut h e r n s id e o f D a lh o us i e S q ua r e .

To t he Ea s t ag a n i is a s ma ll t a bl et i n me mo ry o f L iC D l t
D A rc y \V en t w o rt h Th uill ier, Adj ut a n t
’
n a nt o f the V ia

B o dy g ua rd , w ho
’
ro y s di ed at D ehr a D o o n on J un e l at h ,

1 881 . He w as a son of Gen e ra l S i r H en ry E d w a rd L a nd

or Th uil lier, S urv ey o r Gen era l
I n di a f ro m 1 861 -
of

t o 1 878 a n d b r o t h e r o f C o l o n el S i r H en ry R a v e n s h a u
,

Th uillier ,
w ho w a s a l s o S urv ey o r G e n ra l o f
e
-

I n di a fro m 1 886 to 1 895 a n d di ed i n 1 906 a t t he a g e o f

Immedi a t ely o pp o s i t e t he W oo d burn memo ri a l i s a l a rge

b ra s s t a bl e t in com me mo r a t i o n of th o se me m b e rs at
 6 24 CA C L UTTA O L D A N D new .

To t h e w es hi s memo ri a l is a l a rge ma r bl e monu

t of t

men t s ur mo un t ed by a h el met a n d a s w o rd H a nging .

o ve r t he ed ge o f t h e t a bl et is a med a l w ith a c r o w n and

un d e r i t t he w o rd s M eea n ee Hyd e ra ba d , ,

U nd e r n ea t h is t h e c o a t o f a r ms o f Li eut en a n t Colonel -

\V ill ia m A d a m An s t r ut he r Th o ms o n o f t he 9t h Bengal ,

i
C a v a l ry in w h o se h o n o ur t he t a bl et is erec t ed by hs
,

w id o w .The i ns c rip t i o n s et s o ut t h a t he di ed i n C a lcutta

o n A ug us t 3rd 1 865 a ged 42 yea r s
, ,
He se rv ed t hrough .

o ut t he S c i n d e c o mp a i g n o n t h e r s o n al s t a ff o f S ir Char
p e

les N a pi e r a f t er w hi c h he w a s tw o y ea r s Adj ut a n t of tlx

,

1 5 t h I rreg ul a r C a v a l ry C o mma n d a n t o f t he Go vernor

,

G en e ra l s B o dy g ua rd fo r e l e ve n y ea rs un d e r L o rd Dal»
’

h o us i e a n d Lo rd C a n n i ng a n d P o li t i c a l Agen t a t Moo rslx

,
"
d a ba d w hi c h a ppo i n t men t he h eld a t t he t i me o f h is dea th
,

I mmedi a te ly be n ea t h ma y be s een a bra s s w hi c h records

t h e pl a c i n g o f a mo s a i c i n t he r ered o s i n me mo ry o f Frede

ri c k A ug us t us B a r n a rd G l o ver o f t he B en g a l Ci v il Servict
,
'
.

w h o fi ll ed t he o ffi c e o f J ud ge o f t he H i g h C o ur t a t Ca lc utta

f ro m 1 86 4 t o 1 876 .

The ea s t e n r en d o f t he Ch urc h ha s s ev e a lr fea tures 0

i n t e res t t o o ffe r The o ri i na l E a s t \V i n d o w w a s t he i ft

.
g g
of t he D ea n Ch a p t er o f
a nd W i n d so r
Th e s ubj ect w . a s

”
t h e Cr uc i fi x i o n a f t er a d es i g n b B n j a m i n W es t RA
, y e ,

It w a s o ri g i n a lly i n t en d ed a s a presen t fro m K in g Georg r

t he Thi rd t o S t Geo rge s Ch a pe l W i n d s o r but f ro m some

’
.
, ,

c a us e un k n o w n w a s n e ve r e rec t ed in t h e pl a c e d es i gned .

It c o s t Thi s w i n d o w w a s d e s t ro y ed by the gn a !
c y c l o n e o f 1 86 4 a n d t h e pre s en t o n e w a s t h en e rec ted b}
,

s ubs c ri p t i o n fr o m d e s i g n s by M es s r s Cl a y t o n a nd Bell .
 UL
’

ST . PA s C AT HE D R A L .

The w n i d ow to t h e ri g h t
g r o f t he
ea t ea s t w i n d o w w a s

'
reef ed in 1 880 by t he Go v ern me n t o f I n di a t o the memo ry
i f t he R i ght R ev eren d R o be rt M il ma n w h o s uc c eed ed
Jo t t o n a s B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a in 1 867 a n d di ed a t R a w a l ,

iun d i i n M a rc h 1 876 He w a s a w o rker o f no c o mmon

,
.

'
igo r a n d ea r n es t n es s a n d his d ea th w a s c a us ed by t he
,

g r e a t c h a n ge o f t e m p er a t ur e a n d e x p o s ur e t o w e t a n d
a t ig ue w hi c h he un d e rw en t a f t e r l ea v i n g C a l c ut t a o n h i s

as t t o ur o f v i s i t a t i o n The B i s h o pri c o f L a h o re is t h e
.

ne mo ri a l o f t he E uro pea n c o mmun ity t o h i s l a bo ur s a n d

[i s d evo t i o n t o t he w o rk o f t he Ch urc h i n I n di a F ro m .

872 t o 1 87 6 D r E dg a r J a c o b the pres en t B i s h o p o f S t

.
, .

l l ha us w a s h is c h a pl a i n
, .

O n t he ot h er s id e of t h e g re a t e a s t w
hi t e i n do w is a w

na rbl e t a bl et t o t he memo ry o f t he R i g ht R eve r en d D a n i el

V i l s o n fi f t h B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a ( 1 832 t o
,
a n d fi rs t

Iet ro po lit a n o f I n di a w ho di ed i n C a l c ut t a o n t h e 2n d
. ,

B i s h o p W il s o n s rema i n s a re buri ed
’
a n n a ry 1 858
,
.

e n ea t h t he a l t a r o f t he C a t h edra l w h i c h is s o d ee ply i n

eb t ed t o h is mun ifi c en c e .

Th e R e red o s is rec en t erec t i o n of a l a ba s t er a d o r n ed

a

i th p a n el pi c t ures in Fl o ren t i n e mo s a i c a n d w a s de ,

ig n ed by S i r A r t h ur B lo mfi eld A R A The t h ree c en t ra l

, . . .

a n els
n
rep res e n t t he An n un c i a t i o n t he Ad o ra ti o n o f t he ,

l a g i a n d t he Fli g h t i n t o Eg yp t t he rema i n d e r bei n g de

f
,

o t ed t o i ll us tr a t i o n s o f t he life o f S t P a ul . .

O ne of t he p a n el s o f t he R e r ed o s co nta ns i a t a bl et in
r
Io s a ic w o rk t o t he memo ry Ly nc h of G eo rge E d w a rd
lo t t o n B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a fro m 1 858 t o 1 866 a n d s ec o n d
,
,

det ro po l it a n o f I nd i a w ho w a s a cc id en ta lly dro w n ed i n

,

40
6 26 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

t h e G a n g es at K o o s ht ea , w hi l e on a i i
v s tat on i t our .

O c t o be r 6t h , 1 866 .

Dr . C o t t o n w a s a ppo i n t ed t o t he s ee o f C a l c ut t a from
t h e H ea d M a s t e r s hip o f M a rl bo r o ug h i n s uc c es s i o n t o Dr .

W il s o n . He h a d been t r a velli n g fo r s o me t i me i n Assa

.
"

a n d e l s ew h ere a t t he t i me o f h i s d ea th a n d h a d n ear] ,
.

c o mpl e t ed h is t o ur O n t he eve n i n g o f t he 6t h O c t o ber ht

. ,

c o n s ec r a t ed t h e c eme t e ry a t Ko o s h t ea a n d des p a t c h ed s
h

c h a pl a i n t o t el e r a ph t o C a l c ut t a a n n o un c i n
g g h i s s peed
“
.

re t ur n Th ere bei n g t h en n o ra il w a y he w a l ked do w n

.
,
”
,
.

t he w a t e r s edg e t o re emba rk o n h is s t ea me r
’
-
It u .

d a rk a s h e a s c en d ed t he ga ngw a y w h i c h h a d n o h a n drai
a n d h e l o s t h is foo t i n n d fell i n t o t he ri v er w h i h w
g a s
c a ,

muc h s w o ll en by t h e r a i n s S o s udd en a n d c o m p l e t e i t
.
"

h i s di s a ppea ra n c e t h a t a lth o ugh a tt emp t s w e re m a de

o n c e t o res c ue h im n o t r a c e o f h is bo dy o r even o f his M
,

c o uld be fo un d Th e w o rk w hi c h w i ll a l w a y s be mo s
.

c l o s ely a s s oc i a t ed w ith B i s h o p C o t t o n s n a me is
’
t he cf »

t a blis h me n t o f t he w ell k n o w n s c h o o l s a t S i ml a a n d Ba ng
- .

l o re fo r t he ed uc a t i o n o f Angl o I n di a n c hildre n - .

O t h e r p a n el s r epr es en ta t i o n s in mo s a i c o f v a riocs
c o n ta i n

e pi s o d es i n t h e li fe o f S t P a ul The fo ll o w i ng a re i t
. .

me mo ri a l s t o w hi c h referen ce is ma d e i n t h e se ries of sit

br a s s t a bl et s w hi c h a re pl a c ed in t he n a v e .

Th e d p a n el o n t h e s o uth er n o r ri g h t h a nd s ide f
s ec o n .
-

t he a lt a r repres en t i n g
,
St P a ul be fo re Feli x
. is
memo ri a l erec t ed by h is bro th er j ud ges i n 1 87 7 t o Mr -

F red e ri c k A ug us t us Ba r n a rd Gl o ve r J ud ge o f t he Bi g? ,

C o ur t fro m 1 864 t o 1 87 6 .
628 CA C L U TTA O L D A N D n ew .

th e re a re ra i s ed li n es o f pew s o n ei t h er s id e Th e un .

i n g is w o rth i n s pec t i o n The s ea t re se rv ed fo r Hi s Ex cel

.

l ene y t he V i cero y w ill be fo un d a t t he h ea d o f t he da is d

’

pew s o n t he s o ut h ern s id e The Li eute n a n t Go v ernors

.
-

ew i s t h e fi r s t t he n o rth e rn s id e o f the bo d y o f the

p o n .

Ch urc h a n d i mmedi a tely behi n d a re the s ea ts O f t h e Ch i

J us t i c e o f Ben g a l .

Th e r e a re ex its bo t h t o t he no rth a n d t he s o ut h of thr

a lta r a nd we . ma y ma k e o ur c h o i ce a cc o rdi ngly .

 C H A P TE R I X .

T HE O L D M I S S I ON C H U R CH .

IN t h e r
c en t e o f Mi s s io n Row ,
k n o w n a s t he R o pe
once

“ a lk a n d t he s c en e o f h a rd figh t i n g d uri n g t he
'

Tro ubles o f 1 7 56 t he v i s i t o r w ill c o me upo n th e O ld

,

M i s s i o n Ch urc h S ec o n d o n ly t o t he A r men i a n Ch urc h o f

.

St N a z a ret h a s t h e o ld es t pl a c e o f Ch ri s t i a n w o rs hi p i n
.

C a l c ut t a s he c a n c a rry ba c k her memo ri es t o t he d a y s

,

w h en Cli v e r ul ed a s G o v e r n o r o v e r th e re c o n q uered s et t l e
-

men t a n d H a s t i n g s h a d n o l o ft i er ta s k t o en ga ge hi m th a n
t h e s uppr es s i o n o f ma lpr a c t i c es in t h e C o mpa n y s pi ec e
’

g o o d s b us i n e s s a t Fo r t S t G eo rg e
. I t h a s been r el a t ed
.

el s e w h e r e ho w t h e Pr es id en c y Ch urc h o f St An n e w a s
.

o n e o f t he ma n y b uildi n g s i n C a l c utt a w hi c h met w i t h

des truc t i o n a t t he h a n d s o f S er a j ud D o w l a h an d h is v ic
- -

to rio us t r o o p s a n d ho w fo r n ea rly t hi rt y y ea rs t h e P o rt u
,

g u e s e c h u r c h i n M oo rg h i h a t t a a n d a t a l,
a t e r d a t,e a

ma k es hi f t c h a pel in t he r ui n ed Fo rt w ere d eemed t o s uffi c e

offi c i a lly fo r t he s piri t ua l w a n t s o f t he E n g li s h i n h a b i t a n t s

o f C a l c ut t a . B ut w hil e t he D i rec t o r s a n d t he
,
W o r s hip
ful S i r a n d S i r s o f t he C o un c il a t Fo r t W i l li a m di s c us s ed

a n d d e li be r a t ed rega rdi n g t he e rec ti o n o f a Pro t es ta n t

Ch urc h a pri v a te i n di v id ua l t o o k it up o n hi ms elf t o a c t
,
.

In S ept embe r 1 758 t h ere a rri v ed in C a lc ut t a o n t he i n

, ,

vita t io n o f Cli v e a S w e di s h mi s s i o n a ry w ho s e n a me w a s
,

des ti ned t o be i m pe ri s h a bly c o n n ec t ed w i t h t he hi s t o ry o f

t he c i t y . J o h n Z ec h a ri a h K iern a n der w a s o rd a i n ed t o the
mi n i s t ry a t H a ll e o n t he 29th N o v ember 1 7 39 a t t he a ge , ,
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

of t w en t y ei g h t
-
,
a nd a t t a c h irg hi ms elf to t he D a n i sh
M i s s i o n i n S o ut h I n d i a
. hi c h
h a d bee n fo un de d by Z ie
w

g e n ba lg a n d P l ut s c h a u m 1 706 ,
h e em b a rk ed fo r t h e E a st

a n d l a n d ed a t C udd a l o r e i n 1 7 40 H e re he w a s a t o nce .

pl a c ed by t he B ri t i s h a ut h o ri t i es a t F o r t St D a v id i n po .
s

s es s i o n o f t he P o r t u ue s e Ch ur c h
g fr o m w ,
hi c h t h e C a t ho

lic pri e s t s w e re i n c o n t i n en t ly ba n i s h ed : a n d fo r e ight

y ea r s he l a bo ured w i t h d ev o t i o n a n d s uc c es s es t a b l i s h ing ,

schools a n d pr ea c hi n i d f t i b ly b t h i P rt u u e
, g n e a g a o n o g es

a n d i n Ta m il I n t h e mid s t o f h i s go o d w o rk s t h e s e t t le
.
,

men t w a s a t t a c ked by t he F ren c h a n d on t he 4t h M a y ,

.

1 7 58 i t w a s s urren d ered t o L a lly by Al ex a n d e r “ vn c h

’

, .

t he E n g li s h G o v e r n o r Th o ugh t rea t ed w i t h ev e ry c o urt

.

es y by t h e F re n c h G o v e r n o r w h o preve n t ed t h e pi l l a g e of
,

t he P ro t e s t a n t M i s s i o n s pr o p e r t y K iern a n de r w a s c o m
’
,

p e l le d t o t a k e r e f ug e a t T r a n q ueb a r t h e h e a d q ua rt e r s o
,

t he D a n i s h S o c i et y o f w hi c h he w a s s t ill a m embe r But .

h e h a d w hil e a t C udd a l o r e f a ll en i n w i t h t h e ma n w ho
i
w a s t o n fl ue n c e t h e w h l
o e o f h i s l a t e r c a r ee r U p o n t he
.

c a p it ul a t i o n of Fo r t S t G eo rge t o La B o urd o n n a i s in
.

1 7 46 R o ber t Cli v e fl ed f r o m t he t o w n by n i g h t i n t he
,

di s g ui s e o f a M us s ul ma n a n d ma d e h i s w a y t o Fo rt St
D a v id w h ic h bec a me t he s ea t o f t he C o mp a n y s Go v ern
’
.

me n t fo r t he n e x t s ix y ea r s .

Th e ll k n o w n i n c id en t in t he life o f Cli v e w he n he
we -

ref us ed t o pa y mo n ey l o s t a t t he c a rd t a bl e t o pl a yers -

w h o w e re pro ved t o h a v e c h ea ted to o k pl a c e a t Fo rt St ,

.

D a v id : a n d it w a s h ere a l s o t h a t he fo ug h t h is f a m ous
d ue] w i t h a mili t a ry b ul ly w ho h a d ma d e hi ms e lf t h e t error
o f t h e li t t l e
g a rri s o n N o r did . h i s c o n n ec t i o n w i t h t he
 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

23rd D ec em ber , 1 7 70, a nd n a med B et h Tephi l l a h - or the

H o us e o f Pr a y er Th e a rc hit ec t w a s B o ut a n t de M
.
erell

a D a n e w h o di ed d uri n g i t s c o n s t ruc t i o n : but t h e build

,

i n g w a s a v e ry di fferen t o n e t o t he O ld M i ss i o n Church
“

o f t o da y
-
Fo r it w a s fo r ma n y yea r s n o th i n g bette:
.

t h a n a c l um s y un pl a s t er ed b ri c k edi fi c e o f s ma l l di mer
, ,

s ions ,a n d h em med in o n ev ery s id e by o ld h o uses

“ it h i n it w a s e x c eedi n gly un c o ut h w i t h a b ri c k pulp:
'

b uil t a g a i n s t t he w a ll a n d i t s a i s l e O f ro ug h un c o vem
,

t ili n g . A few r ud e ben c h es a n d p ew s o f un pa i n t ed pla nk

fo r med t he g en er a l s ea t s w i t h a s ma ll n umbe r o f c ha irs
,

w i t h o ut pew s fo r t he gen t ry ; a n d i t w a s ca l c ul a ted 9

,

a c c o m mo d a t e o n ly a bo ut t w o h un d r ed pe r s o n s It w e .

i n d eed mo s t c o mfo r t l es s a n d it w a s pro n o un c ed by t he

,

t h en s o c i e t y o f C a l c ut t a ut t e rly un s ui t a bl e fo r t h e rec ept i x s

o f a n E ur o pe a n c o n r i Y t i t w t r n l y buil
‘

g g e a t o n e a s s . o g
o f g o o d m a s o n ry a n d l o ft y a n d a ppea r ed w o rt hy o f heirs
, ,

ma d e a t t r a c t i v e t o a l a rge r a s s embly .

F r o m t he r eddi s h t i n t o f t he bri c k s Of wh i c h it
co mp o s ed , it ca me to be kn o w n a mo n g t he peo p l e o f
c o un t ry by t h e na me Of t h e L a ll G i rj a , or Red C h u
a nd it i s st ill so ll ed by t h em i n s pi t e
ca , of t he fa c t
fo r n ea rly a c e n t ury t he w a ll s h a v e been
, of a l i gh t
co oul r .

K ie rn a n de r
’
sife W en d el a w a s t he s i s t e r
fi rs t w

C o l o ne l F i s c h er o f t he M a d ra s Ar my a n d it w a s c h ic q ,

w i t h h e r w ea l t h t h a t t he c h urc h w a s co n s t ruc t ed A t bd .

d e a t h in 1 76 1 h e ma rri ed a M rs An n a W ooll ey w h o i
, .

d es c ri bed by o n e o f h is bi o g r a pher s a s a y o ung l ux uries

w o ma n w ho c a red li t t l e fo r t h e s o ul s o f t he hea th e n s ”
but ,
 T HE O L D M I S S IO N CH URC H . 6 33

w e ma y ta ke l ea v e t o a c c ept t he j udg men t w i t h res e r v e ,

f o r w h en s he di ed i n J un e 1 77 3 h er h us ba n d pla c ed it
, ,

u p o n r ec o rd o n h er t o mbs t o n e th a t S h e w a s o n e w h o
pr a c t i s ed ev ery v i rt ue t h a t a d o r n s t he c h a ra c t er o f a
C h r is t i a n , a n d S he be q uea t h ed h er j ew el s fo r t h e ben efi t

o f B et h Tephill a h \V ith t h e p ro c teeds w hi c h a mo un t ed t o

‘
.
,

R S . K ie rn a n de r buil t a M i s s i o n Sc h oo l o n h is o w n

g r o un d ,
i n t h e r ea r o f t h e c h ur c h w hi c h w a s
, c a p a bl e of

h o ldi n g 250 c h i ldre n . S ubs eq uen t ly a p a r s o n a ge h o us e

w a s a l s o e r ec t ed a dj o i n i n g th e c h ur c h .

In 1 7 78 K iern a n de r
’
s i g ht fa il ed h i m a n d fo r t hree
s

y e a r s h e w a s t o t a lly b li n d fr o m c a t a r a c t d u ri n g w hi c h
,

e ri od h is s o n R o be r t t h e g o d s o n o f Cli ve h a d c h a rg e o f
p , ,

h is a ffa i rs a n d a pp ea r s t o h a v e l a un c h ed o ut in a n umber
o f ex t r a v a g a n t s p ec ul a t i o n s W e h ea r o f a h o us e o f t he
.

K ie rn a n d ers i n C a ma c S t r eet w hi c h w en t by t h e n a me o f -

B et h S a ro n a n d a g a rd en h o us e a t B ho w a n ipo re , w hi c h
,
-

w a s c a ll ed S a r o n G r o v e a n d w hi c h i s oc c upi ed t o da b
y y
-

t h e Lo n d o n M i s s i o n a ry S oc i e t y K iern a n der rec o ver ed

.

h i s s i gh t in 1 7 81 but f r es h t ro ubl es o v e rt o o k h i m
,
He .

h a d i mpr ud e n t ly S i g n ed bo n d s fo r h is s o n a n d a l t h o ug h ,

t h e a gg reg a te a mo un t o f h is li a biliti es w a s n o mo re th a n

h i s pro p ert y w o uld h a v e r ea li z ed i f di s p o se d o f t o a dv a n t

a g e t h e c redit o r s g r ew a l a r med a n d t h e Ch urc h w i t h a ll
,

i t s a pp ur tena n c es w a s pl a c ed un d e r t he s ea l o f t he S h eri ff .

Kiern a n der bet oo k hi mse lf t o t he D ut c h S et tl e men t o f

Chi n s ura h w h ere he w a s a ppo i n t ed c h a pl a i n o n a s a l a ry
,

o f R S 50 a mo n t h : a nd h i s pr o pe r t y w a s a n n o un c ed t o be
.

bro ug h t un d er t he h a mmer At t hi s c ri s i s
. Ch a rl es ,

Gra n t o f M a ld a h a ft er w a rd s a n E a s t I n di a D i rec t o r a n d
, ,
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

t he fa t h er L o rd G l en el g s t epped fo rw a rd a n d res t o re d
of ,

t he O ld M i s s i o n Ch urc h t o rel ig i o us use s He p a i d t h e .

su m a t w hi c h it w a s a ppr a i s e d — t e n t h o us a n d ru p ee s

a n d o n t he l a s t d a y O f O c t o be r 1 7 87 t r a n s fe rred t o t h re e
, ,

t r us t ees t h e c h urc h s c h o o l s a n d buryi ng g ro un d i n P a r k

-
,

S t reet w hi c h h a d be en p urc h a s ed fo r t he us e o f t h e c o n

g gre a t i o n W h.e n Chi n s u r a h w a s ca pt u re d b y t h e E ng l i s h

i n 1 7 95 K iern a n der fo un d hi ms el f o n c e mo re a pri s o n e r

,

of w a r , b ut h is c a p t i v i t y w a s p ur ely n o mi n a l a n d h e re
t ur n ed t o C a l c ut t a i n t h e s a me y ea r a n d t oo k up hi s a b o d e

in t h e h o us e o f h i s s o n s w id o w
’
He re he di ed i n 1 7 9 9
.

a t t h e p a t ria rc h ia l a g e o f 88 a n d li es buri ed i n t h e M i s s i o n
,
.

buryi n g g r o un d be t w ee n h i s fi r s t a n d s ec o n d w i ve s i n a
-

ma s s iv e fa mily v a ul t .

The s uc c e s s o r of p a s t o r o f t he M i s s i o n
K iern a n der as

Ch urc h w a s D a v id B r o w n t h e ga r ri s o n c h a pl a i n a n d o ne
, ,

o f t he t r us t ees un d e r t he d eed o f Ch a rl es G r a n t w ho ,

z ea l o us ly a n d r t ui t u ly di c h a r g d t h e d ut i o f t h e
g a o s s e es

o ffi c e fo r t w e n t y o n e y e a r s -
E n c o ur a ge d a n d a id ed by
.

t h e fi n e t a s t e a n d s c i e n t i fi c a bili t i es o f h i s res pec t ed fri en d ,

M r W illi a m Ch a mbe r s w ho w a s a l s o h i s c o t r us t e e M r
.
,
-
, .

B r o w n w a s n o t l o n g i n ma ki n g a beg i n n i n g t o e n l a rg e
a n d i mpr o ve t he buildi n g It w a s a l s o g r a d ua l l y fi t ted
.

up in a ma n n e r s ui t a bl e t o t h e c li ma t e a bun d a n t ly l i gh ted , ,

a n d s uppli ed w i t h a n ex c ell en t o rg a n . .

In a v ew i of t he G rea t Ta n k , w hi c h is a tt ri buted t o
D a n i el] a nd m a y be
refe rred t o t he pe ri od be t w een 1 787
'

a n d 1 7 90 t h e Ch urc h is S h o w n t o h a v e a s s umed t he a
, p
p ea ra n c e w h i c h i t be a r s a t t h e pr es e n t d a y A s w e h a ve .

n o t ic ed in a n e a rli e r c h a p t e r t h e re w a s a t t he ti me a
,
6 36 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

In 1 77 4 t he s c h oo l h o us e
-
ha d a l rea dy been r
e ec t e d . It
w ill be fo un d to -
l o w er fl a t o f th e p a r s o n a ge
da y i n t he .

In 1 7 9 1 t he e a s t c h a n c el w a s a dd ed a n d t he roo m s a bo ve
t he s c h o o l h o us e buil t
- In 1 809 t he Ch urc h w a s e n l a r ged
. .

pro ba bly s o ut h w a rd s The M i s s i o n H o use w a s b ui l t in

.

1 807 but a s t h er e s ee ms t o be men t i o n ma d e o f a M i s s i on

,

H o us e a s a l rea dy e x i s t i n g befo re 1 785 i t is n o t c l ea r w he ,

t her N o 9 or N o
. 1 0 M i s s i o n R o w is i n t en d e d
. The .

up pe r fi a t w a s a dd ed in 1 801 .

The Ch urc h i me h a d ga ll eri es The p re s en t

at one t .

c h a n c el w a s a dd ed q ui t e r ec ent ly i n 1 895 Th e s t ee ple .

w a s a c o n s pi c uo us o r n a men t o f t he edi fi c e un t il t h e y ear

1 897 w h e n i t w a s s o s h a k e n by t he ea r t hq ua ke t h a t it
,

w a s t a k e n d o w n a n d h a s n ev e r been r ebuil t . .

In 1 870, d uri n g t he epi s c o p a t e o f B i s h o p M il m a n t he ,

O ld Ch urc h t o g et h er w i t h it s P a rs o n a ge s a n d o t h e r p ro
,

p er t y w a s ma d e o ver t o t he Churc h M i s s i o n a ry So c i ety

,

o n t h e c o n di t i o n t h a t i t s h o uld h e n c efo r t h s upply i t w i th

s ui t a b l e Ch a pl a i n s S i n c e t h a t t i me t h e s e rv i ce s o f th e
.

c h ur c h a n d t he ma n a g eme n t o f t he a fi a i rs o f i t s l a rge
'

p a ri s h h a v e bee n und er t he di rec t i o n o f t h e Cl e rg y o f t ha t

S oc i e ty .

Th e ch urc h c o n t a i n s a n um ber of i n t eres t i ng mem o ria ls .

of t he mo r e i m po r t a n t o f w hi c h a bri ef s um ma ry i s s ub
j o i n ed
B eg i n n i n g fr o m t he n ew c h a n c el on th e no rt h , w hich
w as a dd ed i n 1 895 a re , l
t a b et s in t h e c i rc ul a r ea s t e n r end

of t he c h urc h be a ri n g ll
t he f o o w n g i na mes '

( )
1 M rs .H a n na h E ll er t o n di ed J a n ua ry 2l s t
, ,
1 858,
a ge d 86 y ea r s Thi s i s t he l a dy w h o a s s ured t he
. Rev .
 T HE O L D M I S S IO N CH U RC H . 637

J a mes Lo ng tha t
i id r ec o l l ec t i o n o f t he d uel
s he ha d a v v

b e t w een H a s t i n gs a n d F r a n c i s a n d c o uld remem be r th e

d a y w h en t h er e w e re o n ly t w o h o uses i n t he ro a d t o
C h o w ri n g h y .

( )
2 Th e R e v H en ry P erro t t P a rk er M A o f Tri n i t y
.
, . .
,

C o ll ege C a mbrid ge fo r merly a s s i s t a n t mi n i s t e r o f thi s

,

c h urc h a n d c o rr es p o n d i n g S ec r et a ry in C a l c ut t a o f t he

C h urc h M i s s i o n a ry S o c ie t v He w a s s ubs eq ue n t ly a p
.

o i n t ed t o t h e M i s s i o n a ry s ee o f E a s t e r n E q ua t o ri a l A fri c a
p ,

a n d di ed n ea r t h e V i c t o ri a N y a n z a i n 1 888 a t t he ea rly a ge

o f 3 13 y ea r s H i s . s u c c e s s o r i n t h e o ffi c e o f B i s h o p w a s

H a n n y n g t o n w h o s e t r a g i c fa t e w ill be fre s h i n t he mi n d s
,

o f ma ny .

( )
3 D r D a n i e.l C o rri e fi r s t A rc hd ea c o n o f C a l c ut t a a n d
, ,

l a t e r fi rs t B i s h o p o f M a dr a s w a s fo r s o me ti me a l s o c h a p
,

l a i n o f t h e c h urc h : a nd h is c o n n ec t i o n w i t h it i s c o mme
m o ra ted by a bl a c k ma r bl e t a blet w hi c h rec o rd s t h a t he ,

”
w a s t he frie n d a n d fell o w l a bo urer o f H en ry M a rty n -
.

H e di ed a t M a d r a s in Fe br ua ry 1 837 i n t he s ec o n d y ea r , ,

o f h is e pi s c o p a t e a n d t h e 5 9 t h o f h i s a g e .

( )
4 Th e me mo ry of Dr . D a n i el W i ls o n is perpet ua t ed
by a s i mil a r t a bl et i mmed i a tely bel o w t h a t of C o rri e .

( )
5 A dj o i n i n g i s a s to n e mo n umen t in memo ry of H en ry
D a v enpo r t S h a k es p ea r w ho w a s fro m 1 835 t o 1 838 a
,

m e mbe r o f t he S upr e me C o un c il a n d di ed in C a l c ut t a ,

w h il e h o ldi n g t h a t o fii c e o n M a rc h 20t h o f t he l a s t n a me d

ye a r He w a s a co ll ea g ue o f M a c a ul a y w h o res i g n ed t he
.
,

a p po i n t men t o f La w M e mbe r j us t t w o mo n t h s befo re

S h a kes pe a r s d ea th The fa mily w a s a w ell k n o w n o n e
'
-
.
6 38 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

in by g o n e d a ys in C a l c ut t a a nd w as l
c o se ly c o n n ec ted
w t i h t ha t of t he Th a c k er a y s .

( )
6 We n ex t c o me t o a bl a c k ma rbl e l
t a b et w t h i t h es e

s i m pl e w o rd s t o t h e po o r t he Go s pe l w a s p re a c h e d in

t hi s Ch urc h by t he R ev D a v id B r o w n t w e n t y fi v e y e a rs
. -
.

O b a p C a l c ut t a 1 4t h J un e 1 81 2
. .
, ( a t t h e h o us e o f,
J o h n

H er be r t H a ri ng t o n i n C ho w rin g hee) B ro w n w h o w a s a .
,

Y o rk s hi re ma n by b i r t h fi r s t a r r i v ed i n C a l c ut t a i n 1 7 86
, .

w h en h e w a s pl a c ed i n c h a rg e o f t he F ree Sc h oo l b ut to
t hi s w a s s up er a dd ed a l mo s t i mmedi a t e ly a bri a d e c h a p
g
l a i n ey in t he Fo rt a n d t he i n c umben c y o f t he M i s s ion
Ch urc h Th e l a s t he c o n t i n ued t o h o ld ev e n a ft e r h is
.

a pp o i n t men t t o be Pr e s id e n c y Ch a pl a i n i n 1 7 94 Hi s s o n .
.

C h a rl es Philip B r o w n ( 1 7 98 1 884) w a s i n t h e M a d r a s C i v il
-

S e r v i c e fro m 1 81 6 t o 1 854 a n d is s t ill re me mbe r ed i n S o ut h

I n di a a s a mo s t w o un de rful Tel ug u Sc h o l a r .

7
( ) B e l o w B r ow n
’
s t a b et l
hi c h t es t i fi es t h a t t he
is one w

R t R ev Th o ma s D ea l t ry s ec o n d B i s h o p o f M a dr a s
. .
,
as ,

s e n i o r mi n i s t e r o f t hi s c h urc h p rea c h ed t h e g o s pe l o f

C hri s t w i t h ea r n es t f a i t h f ul nes s fo r up w a rd s o f s ev en t ee n

y ea r s H
.
H
e w a s a s s o c i a t ed w i t h t h e c h u r c h fr o m 1 82 9

t o 1 847 a n d di ed a t M a dr a s i n 1 86 1 a t t he a ge o f 6 1 .

( )
8 O n t he ppo s it e s id e o f t he a l t a r i s a bl a c k ma r ble
o

t a bl e t i n me mo ry o f t h e \ e n J o h n H en ry Pr a t t M A
'

. . .
, ,

A rc hd ea c o n o f C a l c ut t a w ho di ed a t G ha z ipo re ,

i n 1 87 1 The P r a t t M e mo ri a l S c h o o l in L o w e r Circ ul a r
.

R o a d bea r s w i t n es s t o t h e e s t ee m a n d reg a rd in w hi c h he
w a s h eld by h i s c o n t emp o r a ri es .

( )
9 B e l o w t he Pr a t t t a b et l is a not h er i n s c ri bed w thi
 L U TTA
CA C O L D AN D N E W .
’

l o ng f a i t hf ul mi n i s t ry
a nd He di ed a t M a uri t i us on his
.

w a y t o E n g l a n d o n J un e 22n d 1 829 a t th e a e o f 55 yea rs

g , , .

Hi s mi n i s try c o mmen ced i n 1 808 w i t h h is a rri v al in Cal

c ut t a a n d it i s s a id th a t w ithi n s ix
, mo n t h s h e fo und it
n ec es s a ry t o en l a rge t h e c h urc h W h en t he E a rl of .

M o i r a ( Lo rd H a s ti n g s ) a s s umed C h a rge o f t he o ffi ce of
G o ve r n o r Gen era l i n 1 81 3 h e ma d e it a pra c t i c e t o a ttend
-
,

t h e M i s s i o n Ch urc h : a n d Th o ma s o n w a s a p po i n t ed to

a c c o mp a n y h i m a s Ch a pl a i n d uri n g his t o ur i n t he U p er
p
Pro v i n c es .

1
( )1 I mmedi a t ely bel o w t he memo ri a l t o Th o ma so n is
o n e o f t he mo s t i n t e r es t i n t b l t s i t h h ur h I t b r
g a e n e c c e a s .

t he fo ll o w i n g i n s c rip t i o n : In memo ry o f Ch a rl e s Gra nt .

E s q l a t e a D i rec t o r o f t he Ho n ble E a s t I n di a C o mpa ny

’
.
, .

a n d fo r me rly a c i v il s e rv a n t o f t hi s Pr es id e n c y : w ho w as

di s t i n g ui s h ed by h is un w ea ri ed z ea l i n pro mo t i ng the
c a us e o f reli g i o n i n I n di a o f w hi c h t hi s C h urc h urc h ased
, p ,

a t h is e x pe n s e a n d pr es e rv ed fo r t he s e rv i ce o f G od is a
, ,

pro o f a n d a mo n umen t He di ed in L o n d o n O c tober

.

3l s t 1 823 a ged 7 8 y ea rs
, ,
At t he t i me o f h is hi storic
.

i n t e rv e n t i o n he w a s fo urth M e mbe r o f t he Bo a rd of
,

Tr a d e a n d li v ed a s w e h a ve a lrea dy n o ted i n i t s pl ace in

, , ,

t h e l a n e w hi c h bea r s h i s n a me i n t he fi r s t h o us e on the

ri g h t h a n d s id e fro m C o s s a it o lla h
- .

( )
1 2 N e a r h a n d is a atma r ble d edi c a ted by t he THIS '

t ee s o f t h e O ld Ch u r c h t o t h e m e m o ry o f G e o r gt

H m i
’
b l
’
C
'

U dn y E s
, q l a t e o f .t h,
e o n e C o
p a n y s B e n
g al i v l
"
r
Se v c ei a n d m,
a n y y e a r s a m e m b e r o f t hi s c o n r
g ge a ti on .

He w a s M embe o f o r C u n c il fr o m 1 8 0 1 t o 1 80 7 w h e n he
,

re s i g ned a n d w o uld a ppea r t o h a v e li ved o n in Calcutfl

,
'
 THE O L D M I S S I O N CH URC H .

or it w as he re th at he di ed on O c t o ber 24t h 1 830, i n t he

’
Ot h y ea r of h is a g e.

( )
1 3 In t h e r fo rmed by t he s o ut h ern a n d ea s t ern
co ner
v a ll s is a w hi t e ma r bl e t a bl et i n memo ry o f S t eph en
fo r ma n y y ea rs C o mp t r o ll e r G en e r a l o f
'

a c ob ,
-

n d i a Tr ea s uri e s a n d a s s uc h t he s ig n a t o ry o f t he G o v e m
,

n e n t C urre n c y N o t es He di ed D ec ember 1 1 t h 1 898

. .

1 4) O n t he O pp o s i t e o r w es t e n r wa ll is l
a t a b et in s c rib
d w i t h t he me of W a le Bym e ( 8 fa mo us
'

-
na 1 05 a
~
h a mp io n in t he f o rt i es and fi ft i es of t he c a us e of t he

Ea s t I nd i a n c o m mun i t y . He w as hi ms elf of mi x ed
)3 r en t a ge .

( )
1 5 I mmedi a tely to t he rig h t o f W a l e B yr n e s t a blet is ’

1 b l a c k ma rbl e s l a b in memo ry o f t h e R ev W a l t er .

Ho v e n den B D a fo rme r Ch a pl a i n a n d Sec r et a ry t o th e

,
. .
,

Be n g a l M ili t a ry O rph a n I n s t it ut i o n He di ed a t t he S a n d .

l e a d s o n S ep t embe r 3ot h 1 832 a t t he a ge o f 49 ,

His, .

:a re e r is a r e ma rk a bl e o n e fro m t h e f a ct th a t he s e rv ed fo r

n a n y y ea r s i n t he A r my a n d c o mma n d e d t h e 38t h Fo o t at ,

tl a d ra s Ill h eal t h c o m pell ed hi m t o di s po s e o f h is c o m

.
-

n is s io n a n d for s o me y ea rs
, he li v ed in I r el a n d o n a n
t a t e bel o n g i n g t o t he fa mily a n d s e rv ed o n t he C o m mi s

si o n o f t he P ea c e fo r t he C o un t y L a t e i n life he en t ered .

i i m s el f a t P et e rh o us e C a m brid ge a n d t a k i n H ly O rd r
, g o e s ,

va s a pp o i n t ed t o C a l c ut t a a s Ch a pl a i n a n d S ec r et a ry t o

h e w ell k n o w n i n s t i t ut i o n a t Kidd erp o re

-
His d eg ree o f .

w a s c o n f err ed o n h im by t he A rc hb i s h o p o f C a n t er

t ury .

( )
1 6 A l a s t t a bl et c o mmemo r a tes a n A r a b l a dy o f dis t in c
io n w ho w a s c o n v er ted t o Ch ri s ti a n i t y W a l iun N i s a .

41
642 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

Beg um , a na J edd a a n d d a ug h t e r o f a H a ji d riven

i
t ve o f ,

in ea rly li fe t o s eek a pea ce w h i c h M a h o med a n is m could

n o t a ffo rd s he f o un d r es t i n Ch ri s t a n d w a s b a p ti sed if
,

t hi s Ch urc h F ebr ua ry l 6t h 1 87 1
,
A f te r l a bo uri n g in th:
,
.

c a us e o f t h e G o s p el i n t h e Z en a n a M i s s i o n a t L uc know .

s he di ed a t M urs ida ba d D ec embe r 8t h 1 876

, ,
.

ST AN D R E VV S CH U R CH
’
. .

C a ll ed a l s o TH E S C O TC H K IR K a nd LAT S A HI B m

G IR JA .

"
Thi s i s ah a n d s o me G rec i a n buildi n g in c o n n ec t i o n wit
t h e Ch urc h o f Sc o tl a n d The n a ti ve n a me n o d o ubt owe
. ,

it s o ri g i n t o t h e c eremo n i a l w h en t h e fo un d a t i o n s t o ne w e

l a id a n d t o t h e c o n n ec t i o n o f L o rd M o i ra w i t h t h e C hute
,
. .

t h ro ug h h is w ife t he C o un t es s o f Lo ud o un a n d M o ira .

The Ch urc h s t a n d s o n o r n ea r t he s i t e o f t he O ld Coufi '

H o us e di r ec t ly f a c i n g O ld Co urt H o use S t ree t On?

, .

py g i n t hi s pr o m i n e n t po s iti o n it f o r m s w i t h i t s , t a ll ma ,
s
“

s i v e s pi re,
o n e o f t he fa mili a r f ea t ures o f t he t o w n 0: .

t he n o r t h a n d s o ut h t h ere a re el ega n t po r t i co s w i t h lofn ,

D o ri c pi l l a r s ; a n d o n t h e no rt h t h ere is a l s o a s pa cious
c a rri a g e e n t r a n c e a dd ed a t c o n s id er a bl e ex p e n s e by thr
,

c o n g rega ti o n w i t h th e c o n s en t o f G o v er n men t
, i n 1 838 ,
.

The Sc o tc h fo rmed in 1 81 5 by the

r
c o n g eg a t o n i w as

R ev . J a mes B ryc e ( a f te rw a rd s D r B ry c e ) a fi ne q .
,

l eng th p o rtr a it o f w h o m by Si r J o h n W a ts o n Gordon

, .

m a y be s een i n t he ves t ry Se rv i c e w a s c o n d uc t ed at
.

fi r s t in t he A s i a t i c Soc i ety s H a ll a nd f
a t er a ds
w r ’
i ! '
,
 644 CA C L UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

w ho l e o r pa rt of proc eed s o f a Lo t t ery ba s ing their

t he ,

a ppli c a t i o n o n t he g r o un d th a t t he Ch urc h m i g h t be con

s idered o n e o f t he i mpr o v e men t s t o w hi c h t h e Lo tt eri es

w e r e d evo t ed Go v er n men t h o w ev er i n di c a t ed i n reply

.
, , .

t h a t mun i c ip a l i m pro v e men t s w e r e t he o bj ec t s p ri n c ipal ly

c o n s id e r ed i n t he a ppr o pri a t i o n o f t he Lo t t e ry a n d the ,

Kirk Ses s io n w ere dri v en t o i s s ue d eben t ure s bea ri ng ,

hi g h r a tes o f i n t e res t s ec ur ed o n t he rev en ues o f tht

,

Ch urc h The effec t o f t hi s w a s t h a t t he d ebt c o n t i n ued

.

r a d u a lly t o i c r a e d t h fi a l liq uid a t i o n u nder

g n e s a n e
,
n ,

c e r t a i n s t ri n g en t c o n di t i o n s w a s a rr a n g ed fo r b y Go vern
,

men t fi
,
r l
s t o f a l by a n a d v a n c e i n 1 82 3 a n d fi,
n a ll y by
,

a n a bs o l ut e p a y men t i n 1 834 o f R s
, , .

An E uh a rmo n i c O rg a n , d mi red a t t h e t i me
muc h a .

w a s pl a c ed i n t hi s Ch urc h a n d t hi s is pr o ba bly t h e ear

,

li es t i n s t a n ce o f i n s t r umen t a l mus i c h a v i n g been s uc cess

f ully i n t ro d uc ed i n t o t h e s erv i c e o f t he Ch urc h o f S c o tla nd
Th e o ri g i n a l o rga n w a s r epl a c ed in 1 858 by a m uc h finer
.

o n e buil t by M es s r s
,
G r a y a n d D a v i s o n o f Lo n d o n a t a
.
,

c o s t o f up w a rd s o f R s .

The Cl o c k w as pl a ced in t he To w er in 1 835 , Go vern

me n t h a vi ng c o n t ri but ed Rs . a nd the p ublic
Rs .

Th e a ffa i rs of Ch urc h a re ma n a ged by t he Ki rk

t he

Se s s i o n c o
,
n s i s t i n g o f a b o dy o f E ld e r s pr es id e d o v er ht
,

t he Ch a pl a i n o r t he Ch a pl a i ns i n t ur n
,
w h en t h ere a n: ,

tw o . Thi s bo dy a l o n g w ith t he c o rres po n di ng bo di es in

,

M a dr a s a n d B o mba y h a s t he ri g h t o f sen di ng repres en

,

t a t i ve s t o t he G en er a l A s se mbly o f t h e Ch urc h o f Scotla nd

w hi c h meet s a n n ua lly i n E di n bur h p ri il w h ich

g a v eg e ,
th e I mperi a l P a rli a men t a n d t h e Ch urc h a c t ng i in . c onc e rt
h a v e n ot c o n fe rred o n a n y o the r br a n c h of t he Ch urc h of

S c o t l a n d ex c ep t th a t i n H o ll a n d
,
.

An i n t eres t i n g t ra diti o n h a n gs a bo ut t he s pir e B i s h o p .

M i d dl et o n t h e fi r s t B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a beli ev ed t h a t t h e
, ,

C h urc h o f E n g l a n d h a d a mo n o po ly o f S pires n ot o n ly ,

i n E n g l a n d but eve ry w h e r e i n t h e B ri t i s h d o mi n i o n s ,

S c o t l a n d p erh a p s ex c epted D r B ryc e w h o h a d been h is

. .

f e ll o w p a s s en ger fro m E n gl a n d a n d w h o m a c co rdi n g t o

, ,

S i r J o h n W illi a m K a y e he fo un d t o be ev en w o rs e th a n
,

”
h i s o t h e r ma i n en emy t h e p ri c kly h ea t w a s n a t ur a lly ,

o f a diff e r en t O pi n i o n , a n d o n h ea ri n g t h a t t h e B i s h o p h a d

us ed h is i n fl uen c e t o pr ev en t him fr o m get ti n g t h e s a n c

t i o n o f G o v er n men t t o er ec t a s pi r e h e dec l a red t h a t h e ,

w o uld n o t o n ly h a v e a s t eepl e hig he r th a n t h a t o f th e

C a t h edr a l Ch urc h o f S t J o h n but t h a t he w o uld pl a c e
.
,

o n t h e t o p o f i t a c oc k t o c r o w o ve r t h e B i s h o p w hi c h ,

c a me t o p a s s a c c o rdi n g ly Go ve rn men t it is a ll eg ed
.
, ,

’
a s a s a l v e t o t he B i s h o p s w o un d di rec t ed th a t t h o ugh
,

t h e res t o f t he buildi n g mi gh t be rep a ired t hi s a ud a c i o us ,

b ird s h o uld n o t h a v e t h e ben efi t o f t he P ubli c W o rk s

D ep a rt men t . I n s pi t e o f thi s o r a s c y n i c a l peo pl e mi g h t
,

p e rh a p s s a y b e c a u s e of t hi s t h e c,oc k s till c o n t i n ues t o

s ta n d , a n d s eems a s c a p a bl e a s ev e r it w a s o f c r o w i n g

o v er a n y a d v e r s a ry .

The pi c t ure of D r B ry c e
. h a n g i n g in t he ve s t ry ca me
o ut in t h e un fo r t un a t e P ro t ec t or w hi c h , w as l os t i n the
g a l
e in O c t o be r 1 838 o ff h en o n ly fiv e
t h e S a n dhea ds , w

o f the c r ew w e re s a v ed M i s s E d en i n h er
. Lette r s U p
t h e Co un t ry ha s a n i n t ere s t i n g referen c e t o thi s h o rri bl e
646 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

di s a s t er Th e p a c ki n g c a s e c o n t a i n i n g B ry c e s i r
’
.
p c t u e

wa s o n e o f the few t hi n g s resc ued from t h e w re c k .

M O N U M E N TS &C —
Bes id es t he a i n t ng i of D r B ryc e
, .
p .

(w ho w a s a s r e d o u b t a b l e a s a j o u r n a li s t a s h e w a s f a m ou s

a s a pr ea c h er h r i i v es t ry a c o mp a n i o n p o r t ra it
) t e
, e s n t h e

o f t h e R ev D r Ch a rl es w h o w a s t he s ec o n d t o oc cupy
. .
,

t h e p o s iti on o f Se n i o r Ch a pl a i n o f t he Ch urc h a l so a ,

po r t r a it o f t he R ev J M a c a li s t e r Th o ms o n 1 4 y e a rs the
. .
,

Ch a pl a i n o f t he Ch urc h Th ere a re a l so v a ri o us m a rble

.

mo n umen t s a mo ng s t
, w hi c h ma y be me n t i o n e d t h oa
'
e rec t e d t o t h e me mo ry o f t h e R ev D r B ro w n ( D r B ry c e s
. . .

a t M a la cc a i D
c o ll ea g ue
) w h o di e d n 1 83 0 ; t h e R e v . .

M ie k lej o h n ( D r Ch a rl es s uc c es s o r i n t he S en i o r Ch ap
’
.

l a i n ey) w ho di ed a t C a l c ut t a i n 1 850 ; t h e R ev D r
,
. .

O g i lv i e O f t he Gen e r a l A s s e mbly s I n s t i t ut i o n w h o di ed
’

, ,

a t P e n a ng i n 1 87 1 ; M r J a mes All a n o f D yk es 8: C o a
.
,
.
,

v ery z ea l o us E ld er o f th e Ch urc h an d fo un d e r o f t he ,

V e r n a c ul a r Sc h oo l in R a w d o n S treet now un d e r t he ,

ma n a g e men t o f th e Ki rk Se s s i o n ; a n d t h e R ev J M a ca . .

li s t e r Th o ms o n The v i s i t o r w ill a l s o n o t i c e t he mo nu
.

men t t o a di s t i ng ui s h ed s o ldi e r Li eut C o l W illi a m M a c t ier -

. .

C B o f t h e B eng a l Li g h t C a v a l ry w ho di ed a t J a n n po re
. .
, ,
.

o n t h e l 6t h Se p t e mbe r 1 855 a g ed 62 .
, ,

T HE C ATH E D R A L ( M U R G H IHATTA ) .

( 1 5 , P o rt ug ues e C h urc h L a n e .
)
W HE N J o b Ch a rn oc k l d in C a l c utt a in t he year
s et t e
‘

1 6 90, a few Po rt ugues e fo ll o w ed h im a n d t he E nglish ,

G o v e r n men t a ll o tt ed th e m a pi ec e o f l a n d o n w hi ch the
 CA CL UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

g o r r a n d a P a tri a rc h t o P o rt ugues e I n di a The

v e no s .

a r c hit ec t w a s M r Th o ma s S y a rs D ri ve r w h o d i ed on tht
.

6 t h D ecember 1 797 be fo re i t s c o mp l et i o n
, ,
.

The o ld P a la c e a dj o i n s t h e C a t hedral
A rc hi epi s c o p a l .

w hi c h i s c hi efly us ed o n g r a n d occa s i o n s fo r t h e solem :

,

a n d i mp o s i n
g c e r e mo n i e s o f t h e R o m a n C a th o li c Church

O n s uc h d a y s t he s p a c i o us buildi n g is t oo s m a l l for th
fa i t hf ul .

In t he C a th edr a l lie buri ed t he fo ll o w i ng V i c a rs Genen - .

o f B en g a l — D r J o h n
, Lo ui s. Ta berd , B i s h o p
o f [sa un

p o li s ( di ed W illi a m Kelly di ed i n 1 842 w ho

Hus s en a ba d i n t h e S un derbun ds W illi a m Ke n n edy (diff ,

D r R a ba s c a l l ( di ed
. I g n a t i us S t o r c k O S E ,
. . ,

( di ed P a t ri c k J o s e ph C a r ew A r c h bi s h o p o f O d ess
,
a

ed 1 855 t o w h o m C a l c ut t a i s i n d ebt ed fo r S t
( )
'

di X a vi ers .

C o ll ege A ugus t us V a n H eul e (di ed

,

B en ea t h t he al t a r is l
i n t err ed Arc h bi s h o p P a ul Gee
a so

t ha l s ( 1 833 1 901 ) t he fi r s t A rc h bi s h op o f C a l c ut t a a most

-
,

di s t i n g ui s h ed prel a te a n d a d ev o t ed fri en d t o I n di a Hs
'

Li bra ry w hi c h s h ould be bette r k n ow n t h a n it i s w a s be ,

q u e a t h e d b y h i m t o t he S e e I t i s a pe .rf e c t s t o r eh ou st

o f i n f o r ma t i o n up o n e v ery s u bj e c t c o n n e c t e d w i t h I ndia

a n d ma n y o f it s v o l ume s a re t o be fo un d n ow h e re else in

C a l c ut t a .

In t he C a t h edr a l co mp o un d lie buri ed

C o un t John
L a c ke rs t een ( 1 804 o n e o f t he g r ea t es t be n efactor
s

o f t he c h urc h ; a n d t he w i fe a n d d a ug ht er o f C udber t

Th o r n hill The mo n umen t s w ithi n d a t e ba c k a s far as

.
'

1 71 2 . The o ld A r men i a n fa mili es o f Sh a h rim a n Hazar ,

m a ll a n d Aga v a lly a re s ev e r a lly repres en t ed a n d th ere is a

 FR E E C H URCH . 649

cu ri o us epi t a ph t o a c er t a i n Leo w hi c h run s : Hie A rme

n us Leo n o mi n e dic t us a t q uem mo r s i p s a fa c t a Leo
,

N a z a ret h p a t ri meo P ersa eq ue p a t ri a e t o ll ere n o n pa rc it ,

”
j a c e o a
pp o s i t us a d p a t r es .

FR E E CHU RCH .

( W ell es ley S q ua re .
)
On n ew s rea c hi n g C a l c ut t a o f th e di s rupti o n th a t h a d
t a k e n pl a ce in t h e Ch urc h o f Sc o tl a n d t h o s e w h o s y m ,

p a t h is ed w ith t he E v a n g eli c a l p a rty f o rm ed t h ems e l v es

i n t o a c o ng reg a ti o n a n d met fo r th e fi rs t t i me a s a s ep a
,

ra t e bo dy fo r di v i ne s e rv i c e o n t he 1 3th Aug us t 1 843 in

, , ,

t he F r eema s o n s H a ll B en t i n c k St reet D r D uff s up

’
. .
, ,

p o rt ed by a ll o t h er mi s s i o n a ri es hith ert o i n c o n n ec t i o n
w i t h t he Ch urc h o f S c o t l a n d o ffic i a te d o n t he oc c a s i o n
,
.

Th e R ev J o h n M a c d o n a ld o n e o f t he mi s s i o n a ri es co n
.
, ,

s en t ed t o a c t a s t h e ir mi n i s t e r un t il o n e s h o uld be go t
,

f r o m h o me At t he s a me t i me it w a s r es o l ved to erec t a
.

r m a ne n t pl a c e o f w o r s hip a C o m mi t t ee w a s a ppo i nt ed
p e , ,

a n d a s ubs c rip t i o n w a s O pen ed fo r t hi s p urpo s e W hil e .

t h e C o mmi t t ee w a s i n s ea rc h o f a t em p o r a ry pl a c e the ,

D i r e c t o r s o f t he P a ren t a l Ac a d emi c I n s tit ut i o n n o w t he ,

D o v eto n C o lleg e ki n dly o ff ered t he us e o f th ei r H a ll fo r

,

th a t purp o s e The C o n g reg a t i o n a c c o rdi ngl y me t fo r

.

d i v i n e w o r s hip i n it un t il t he n ew Ch urc h w a s O p en ed i n
A ug us t 1 848 .

I n D ec embe r 1 843, t he pres en t s i t e c o mpri s i n g 2 bee

,

h a s 2} c o t t a hs , w a s bo ug ht a t a c o s t o f R s In
g .

M a y 1 844 , a pl a n pr ep a r ed by C a pt a i n H en ry Go od w y n o f ,
65 0 CA CL U TTA O LD AN D mm

t he E n g i n ee r s , w a s a d o p ted . The
l us i v e o f fitt c os t , ex c

i n g s w a s es t i ma t ed a t R s
,
. In J a n ua ry 1 846 the ,

buildi n g w a s f a s t a ppro a c hi ng c o mpl et i o n t h e i n t e rnal ,

fi n i s hi n g a l o n e rema i n i ng t o be d o n e w h e n o n th e n igh t of , ,

t he 1 5t h t he ro o f fell i n t he b ri c k pill a r s o n ea c h s id e o f the

, ,

c e n t r e a i s l e w ,
hi c h s upp o r t e d it h a v i n g g i v en w a y T he .

w h o l e buildi n g s a v e t he s pi re w a s fo un d in s o un s a t is fac
, ,

t o ry a c o n diti o n t h a t t he w a ll s ha d t o be t a k e n d o w n a nd
, ,

t he f o un d a t i o n s t o be pil ed a n d rel a id A n ew p l a n w as .

a g re ed up o n a n d t h e a i s l e pill a r s d i s p en s ed w i t h
,
The .

c o n t r a c t fo r r ebuildi n g i t a t R s e x c l us i v e o f s ubst
.

q uen t a ddi t i o n s w a s p ut i n t o t he h a n d s o f p ro fes s i onal

,

build e rs S o me o f t h e me mbe r s o f t he c o n g reg a t i o n o n this

.

o c c a s i o n c a me fo r w a rd w i t h w o n d erf ul li ber a li t I a ddi

y n o
.

t i o n t o pr ev i o us s ubs c rip t i o n s M r Abr a h a m F H a w ki ns, . . .

0 8 ,J ud g e o f t he S udd e r Ad a w l ut g a v e R s and .

le n t o t h er R s . a t 5 p e r ce n t ; D r N i c o l s o n g a v e R .
s.

a n d s ev e r a l o t h e r s R s ea c h . a n d t h e s e w en ,

a ft e r w a rd s s uppl e me n t e d un t il t he w h o l e c o s t a mo unting
, ,

to Rs . w a s s ubs c ri be d w i t h t he ex c e p t i o n of
,

Rs . rec ei v ed fr o m t h e C o l o n i al C o mmi t tee i n Edin .

b urg h .

W h en fi n i s h ed i t l o o k ed a s i t d o es
’

, , st ill , th e n ea tes t

E c c l e s i a s t ic a l buildi n g i n C a l c ut t a .

T he C o n g r eg a ti o n , t h o ug h s ma ll ha s been re m a rka blr,

li be r a l F ro m 1 843
. t o 1 890 t h ey s ubs c ri bed fo r c o q

g a t i o n a l m i s,s i o n a ry ,
a n d mi s ce ll a n eo us p urpos es R upees ,
652 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

w a rd s t he w o rk . It is t he pro per t y of t h e Go vernors of

t h e F ree S c h oo l .

The fo un d a t i o n L a dy W illi am
s to n e w as l a id by Ben»

t i n c k o n t h e 1 3t h April 1 830 a n d o n t h e 2n d February

, ,
.

1 833 i t w a s c o n s ec r a t ed by B i s h o p W il s o n
,
Th e churd .

co tan i n s a m e m o ri a l to M i s s M a ry B i rd s is t er t i

R M B i rd C S J ud g e o f Go ra khp o re
. .
, . .
,
She d evo ted be .

s elf e s p ec i a lly t o t he Chri s t i a n w o men o f C a l c ut t a wh ,

:

s pe a k Hi n d us t a n i fo r w h o m s he w ro t e o r t ra n s l a ted
,
:

n umbe r o f Hi n d us t a n i m a n ua l s .

ST P E TE R C H U RC H
’
. S .

( F o rt Wi llia m ) .

Th e F o r t Ch urc h pl et ed in 1 835 It is a ham

w a s c om .
.

s o me edi fi c e i n t h e go t hi c s t yl e o f a rc hi t ec t ure very nea

,
t}T
,

fi t t ed up Th e re is a fi n e ea s t w i n d o w a ca rved reredtb
.
,

a n d a n o ri e l w i n d o w o v e r tr
t he w es t en a ce n fill ed T i
ff
,

s t a i n e d gl a s s a l s o a h a n d s o me ma rbl e p ulpi t a n d readiff

‘

, .

d es k .

The Ch urc h pres s ly d es i g n ed

is ex fo r th e a cco mmod "

tion of t he E uro pea n Tr o o p s but t h er e a re a l so ,

si

fo r t he p ubli c Th ere is a go o d o rga n a n d c ho ir

. .

The rli es t mo n umen t s a re t o th e memo ry of

ea

o ffi c er s o f t h e Te n t h F o o t a n d o f t h e 2l s t R oyal

F us ili er s w h o di ed w hil e s t a t i o n ed a t Fo r t W i lli am in

,

e a rly fo r t i es Th ere a re a l s o me mo ri a l s t o th e officers

.

me n o f t h e illfa t ed B en g a l reg i men t s ( 5t h N a ti ve Cava

 T HE A R M E N I A N CH U RCH O F S AI N T N A A R E TH. Z

and 5t h N ti v e I n f a n try ) w ho fell in ga ll a n t but h o pel es s

a

o n fl ic t in t he di s a s t r o us r etr ea t fro m C a bul bet w een t h e

“

6t h a n d 1 3t h J a n ua ry A t a bl et er ec t ed by t h e

Co mma n d e r in Chi e f a n d O ffic er s o f Her Ma j es t y s A r my

’
- -

ln I n di a c o m me mo r a t e s C o l W H D en n i e C B . a
. .
,
. .
,

ro ma n t i c a lly c hi v a lr o us s o ldi er w h o w a s ki ll ed befo r e ,

Je lla l a ba d 7 t h A p ril 1 8 42 H e pr edi c t ed.t h e di s a s t er t o

El ip h i n s t o ne s a r my ev en to t he rec e ip t o f t idi ng s by a
’

so li t a ry s urv i v o r .

TH E A R M E N I AN C H U R CH O F S A I N T N A Z AR E T H .

Th i s w ill be fo un d at the co r n er of K he n g ra p ut t y ( t h e

qua r t e r of t h e b us ll er s ) a n d A r men i a n St reet

r h -
se It i s .

n o st c o n v en ie n t l v a ppr o a c h ed fro m O ld Chi n a B a z a r

St r ee t a n d ma y be e a s ily di s t i n g ui s h ed by i t s d o me The .

h ureh en j o y s t he di s t i n c t i o n o f be i n g t h e o ld es t pl a c e o f
h ri s t ia n w o rs hip i n C a l c ut t a a n d d a t es fro m t he y ea r,

17 24 .

Th e A r men i a n s h a ve I n di a fro m t he
been s ett e s l r in
a rl ie s t t i mes In 1 562 d uri n g t h e rei g n o f A k ba r th ey
'
.
, ,

re c t e d a c h urc h a t Ag r a a n d t h e i n s c rip ti o n s i n t h e O ld
,

De m e t ery in t h a t t o w n s ufli c ien t l i di t t h t t h y w r

y n c a e a e e e

in i mp o r t a n t a s w ell a s a fl o uri s hi n g c o mmun i t y To .

Sa lc ut t a t h ey a pp ea r t o h a v e fo un d t h ei r w a y pri o r t o
h e a d v en t o f J o b Ch a r n o c k a s t h ere is a n o ld t o mbs t o n e
,

n t he A r men i a n l a n g ua g e i n t h e buryi n g g r o un d a dj o i n i n g -

h e Ch urc h w hi c h rec o rd s the f a ct th a t

, Rez a beebeh t h e ,

wi f e o f t h e l a t e c h a ri t a bl e S oo kea s d ep a rt ed t h i s w o rld ,

0 l i fe et e rn a l o n t he 21 s t da y o f N a kh a in t he y ea r 1 5
6 54 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

of t he n ew e ra of ul
J p ,
h a w hi c h
rres po n d s w i t h t he l l tt co

of J uly 1 6 30 A D ,
\V h en J o b Ch a r no c k e s t a b l is he
. .
'

hi ms elf a t S ut t a n ut t ee in 1 6 90 t he A r me n i a n s a t Chin
s ur a h w e r e s pec i a lly i n v i t ed t o c o me t o th e n e w settle
,

men t a t C a lc ut t a a n d s ev e ra l mus t h a v e a v a i l e d t hem

,

s el ves o f t h e i n v i t a t i o n a s it i s o n rec o rd t h a t i n
,
1 690

s ma ll c h a p el o f t i mbe r w a s e rec t ed fo r t h ei r us e by tbr

Ho n ble E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y i n a cc o rd a n c e w i t h tht
’

t er ms o f a n a g r eeme n t d a t ed 22md J un e 1 688 w h i c h n : , ,

a s f o ll o w s

fo r t y or mo r e o f t h e A r me n i a n na i
t o n s h;

bec o me i n h a bi t a n t s o f a n y g a rri s o n c i t i es o r t o w n s be , ,

l o n g i n g t o t he C o mp a n y i n t h e E a s t I n di e s t h e said ,

Ar men i a n s s h a ll n o t o n ly e n j o y t h e free use a n d e x ercis t

o f t h eir r eli g i o n but t h ere s h al l a l s o be a l l o t t ed t o t he:
,

a p a r c e l o f g ro un d t o e rec t a c h urc h t h e reo n fo r w o rs hl:

a nd s e r v i c e o f G o d i n t h e i r o w n w a y A n d t h a t w e 315: .

w ill , a t o ur o w n c h a rge c a us e a c o n v e n i e n t c h urc h t o

,

buil t o f t i m be r w hi c h a ft erw a rd s t he s a id A r men i a n s um

,

a l t e r a n d build w i t h s t o n e o r o t h e r s o lid ma t e ri a ls t o t he:

ow n
g o o d liki n
g A n d t h e s a id G o v e r n o r a n d C o m a nj
p
.

w ill a l s o a ll o w fift y p o un d s p e r a n n um d uri n g t h e s ac

p ,

o f s ev en yea r s fo r t he ma i n t en a n ce o f s uc h p ri es t o r m i nis
, ,

t er a s t h ey s h a ll c h oo s e t o o fli c i a t e t h er ei n G i v e n under .

t h e C o mp a n y s l a rg e r s e a l
’
J un e 22n d 1 688 , , .

Thi s h a pe l s t o o d a b o ut 1 00 y a rd s t o t he so ut h o f t hr
c

pres en t c h urc h o f S t N a z a r et h a n d t he s i t e o f t he p resent

.
,

c h urc h w a s t h e n us ed b
y t he A r m e n ia ns a s a b ur i
y gn

g r o un d .

In c on se q ue n c e of t he i nc rea s e i n the A r me n i a n co mme

656 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

i
n an l a ngua ge , t h e ea rli es t E n gli s h epit a ph be i n g t h a t of

M rs . B a rt is W e s ki n w ho di ed on N o ve mbe r 1 8th , 1 781 .

O ne l
s ab bea ri n g m ili t a ry e mbl ems is t o t he m emo ry of

Ag a E mi n ( di ed l r d s o ldi er w ho a t t ra c ted
a ce eb a t e ,

t he n o t i c e o f S i r W illi a m J o n es A mo n g o t h e r em i nent
.

A rme n i a n s w ho a re buri ed h e re ma y be men t i o n e d t he

fa t h e r o f Ag a M a n uel Ag a Ha z a rm a ll S a t o o r ( d i e d
,

w h o l eft mo n ey fo r t he ex pres s p urpo s e o f a d d i n g a

s t eepl e t o t h e c h urc h ; M a h t es ey P et ro s e W o ks an
”
( di e d t h e w o rd M a h t e s ey d e n o t i n g pi l g r i m ,
'

a n d a p p l ied t o o n e w h o h a s g o n e o n pil g ri ma g e t o t h e H oir

S ep ul c hre a t J er us a l e m ; G reg o ry t he A rc hi ma n d ri t e w ho
di ed a t C a l c ut t a in 1 781 w h il e c o ll ec t i n g c on t ri b ut i o ns
fo r t h e s ee o f E t c h m ia z i n in A r men i a ; A rc h bi s h o p P h ili p

p u s o f E t c h m i a z i n w h o di ed i n C a lc ut t a i n 1 81 3 w hi l e s i mi

la rly en g a ged ; a s ec o n d G rego ry t he A rc hi ma n d ri t e w ho

a l s o di ed i n 1 831 w hil e up o n t h e s a me d ep ut a t i o n ; N l a s s v

B a b u J o h n o r Abd e l M a s s y M a rt y ro s e ( di ed 1 802) w h o he
u e a t h e d a n a n n ua l g r a n t of R s t o t he D i s t ri c t
q .

Ch a ri t a bl e S o c i et y ; G r eg o ry A pe a r ( di ed 1 847 ) a n d A rra
t oo n A p ea r ( di ed 1 863) member s o f t h e w ell kn o w n c o m -

merc ia l h o us e o f Apea r Co a n d P e t e r J a c o b P a ul d
.
, ( i ed
1 86 2) a n d h is di s t i n g ui s h ed s o n S i r G r eg o ry Ch a rl es P a ul ,

di d w h o fo r t w en t y fi v e y e a r s he l d t he
( e -

o ffi c e o f A d v o c a t e G en e r a l o f B en g a l
-
.

T HE G R E E K CH URCH ,

S t a n d s i n Amra t o lla h S t r eet , a c c es s t o w hi c h i s ea s ily

ha d fro m C a n n i n g S t reet . It w a s r t d
e ec e in the ye a r 1 780 ,
 THE G R E E K CH URCH .

d ded i c a te d to t he Tr a n s fi g ura t i o n of o ur b l es s ed R e
e me r o n M o un t Ta bo r . It it s
fo un d a t i o n t o H a dj ee
o w es

ex ia s A rg y ree ,
t h e fi rs t emi n en t G r eek w h o s et t l ed in

i lc ut t a . I n t he y ea r 1 770 Arg y ree s a il ed a s I n t erpret e r

t h C a p t a i n C udbe rt Th o r n h il l ( a ft e r M a s t er At t en d a n t

Fo r t W illi a m ) i n t h e s hi p A lex a n d er fr o m C a l c ut t a
, ,

a n d fo r M o c h a a n d J edd a Th ey met w i t h a s eve re ga l e

.

d t he ves s el w a s di s ma s t ed At t h e mo men t o f ex treme

.

n
g e r ,
w h e n a l l e x p ec t ed t h a t t h e v es s e l w o ul d fo un d e r ,

'

gy r e e m a d e a s o l em n v o w to h ea v e n t h a t i f t h ey s urv i v ed

e pe ril he w o uld fo un d a Ch ur c h in C a l c ut t a fo r i t s G reek

1 a bi t a n t s . Th e s hip w ea t h ered t h e s t o r m a n d a rri v ed ,

t h o ut f ur t h e r mi s h a p a t M o c h a a n d o n h is ret ur n t o C a ]
,

t ta ,
A rg y ree o bt a i n ed pe r m i s s i o n fro m t he G o v er n men t
e s t a bli s h a G r eek Ch urc h A s ma ll h o us e n ea r t he
.

i rt u ues e Ch ur c h w a s p urc h a s ed fo r di v i n e s e rv i c e B u t
g .

a t h p ut a p eri o d t o t he f ur t h er pi o us i n t en t i o n s o f
r e a n d i t w a s n o t un t il t hree y ea r s a ft e r h is d ea t h
gy
'

e ,

D a c c a i n Aug us t 1 77 7 t h a t t he fo un d a t i o n o f t h e p re
,

nt Ch urc h w a s l a id i n J un e 1 7 80 ,
The p urc h a s e o f t h e
.

o un d a n d t h e er ec t i o n o f t he b uildi n o s t r up
g c ee s ,

w a rd s w hi c h t he es t a t e o f A rgy ree a n d h i s f a mily c o n

b uted a c o n s id er a b le s um t he rema i n d e r be i n g ma d e up
,

v o l un t a ry c o n t ri but i o n s W a rren H a s t i ng s h ea di n g t he
,

bs c ri p t io n li s t w i t h r up ees Th e fi r s t mi n i s t e r o f
.

e c h urc h w a s Fa t h e r P a rt hen io a n a t i v e o f C o rf u w h o
, ,

tt le d in Be n g a l i n 1 7 7 5 a n d w h o i s s a id t o h a v e s a t fo r
”
e fi g ure o f o ur Lo rd i n Z o ffa n y s
’
L a s t S up per
’
.

The edi fic e w a s c on s ec ra t ed on t h e 6t h of A ug us t , 1 781 .

t he Ch urc h is a sa n c t o rum . The t h uri fer a nd c h a n d eli er s

42
 658 CA L C UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

a re o f s i l v er a nd ma de a fter t h e Turki s h fa s h i o n . The

i y i n C a l c ut t a it ma y be n o t ed i s c a lled
s o c et ,

”
O r t h o d o x B ro t he rh oo d o f G reek s in C a l c ut t a a nd ,

pri s es ma n y w ea lthy a n d i n fluen t i a l membe rs o f t he

c a n t ile c o mm un i t y .

The m o s t i n t e res t i n g mo n umen t s a re t h o s e t o Alex ar

A rgy ree o f Philippo p o li s t he f o un d e r o f t h e chu
a n d t o D e met ri us G a l a n o s a n A t h en i a n w h o died
, ,

1 833 The P er s i a n c hro n o g r a m o n hi s c e n o t a ph

.

”
Afs o s ! F a la t ti n i z a ma n r a f t ; A l a s ! T h e Flat:
'

”
t he a ge h a s g o n e G a l a no s di ed a ge d 7 2 a t Ben
.
z

w h er e t h e r e i s a n o t h e r mo n um e n t t o h i m ; a s w e ll a s

w hi c h r un s Th e s t ra n ger D emet ri us G a l a n o s t h e At
. .

n i a n t o t h e s t r a n g e r P et e r Federo f t h e R us s i a n .

T HE P AR S E E AG IA R E E , O R F I R E T E M PL E

S i t ua t e i n N o . 26 , E z ra S t r eet , w as b ui l t by th e

Mr . R us t o mjee C o w a s j ee , t he w ell k n o w n me rc h a n t -

o ne o f t h e l a rg es t s hi p o w n er s o f C a l c ut t a
-
a nd ,

c o n s ec r a t ed o n t h e l 6t h S e p te mber 1 839 Th e R u , . s

f a mily h a v e been d o mi c il e d i n C a l c ut t a f
j ee o r or

c en t ury a n d it s me mbe r s h a ve a l w a y s oc c upi ed a lea

po s i t i o n in t he c i t y Th e pres en t h ea d o f t he f a m ily
.

M r R us t o mjee H M R us t o mj ee t he g ra n d s o n o f 3
. . .
,

M a n ac kj ee R us t o mj ee w h o di ed o n th e 22n d D ec e m
,

1 89 1 a n d s o n o f t h e l a t e M r Hee rj eebh o y M a n a c k j ee R
,
.

t o mj ee ,
w h o s e d ea t h o c c urred i n t he y e a r 1 9!

O n a m a rbl e s l a b a t t he en t r a n c e to t h e Te mp l e i s
f oll o w i n g i n s c ripti o n
In t he na me o f t he H o ly Ho rmuz ed , t hi s F ir e Te rn
660 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

g en e a r ti o n s o f An g l o I n di a ns a s D a o ud E z ra ,

o p ened i n Sept e mbe r 1 884 , Th e b uildi n g t a k en

.

n a lly ,
pres en t s a fi n e y et un preten di ng f ro n t a ge and ,

it w e re n o t fo r t h e S pire it s us e w o uld be d i ffi cult

,
"

di v i n e I n s ide h o w eve r t he effec t is th a t o f o ne of

.
, ,

h a n d s o mes t a n d bes t a rr a n ged pl a c es o f p ub li c w

'

i n C a l c utt a . E x a mi n ed in d et a il o n e i s s t ruc k by ,

t a s t e a n d ri c h n es s o f t h e o r n a men t a t i o n an d y et ,

effec t i s th a t o f a n e x t r e me a nd if w e m a y s o 5;
, ,

s o l e mn s i mpli c i t y Th e b uildi n g w hi c h i s i n t h e I
.

R en a i s s a n c e s tyl e mea s ures 1 40 feet i n l e n gt h b y 82

'

in w id t h o ve r a ll . E n t eri n g t h e buildi ng t h r o ug h 3 1

h a n d s o me p o r t i c o a t t h e ea s t en d t he m a i n p o rtic ,

fo un d t o c o n s i s t o f a n a v e a n d t w o a i s l es w i t h a n ape
t e r mi n a t i o n oc t a n g ul a r i n pl a n t o t he w e s t
, be y o n d w ,

is a C h a mber fo ll o w i n g t h e s a me li n es in w h i c h a re
t h e B oo k s o f t he L a w Th e n a v e is 92 fee t l o n g a t
.
,

feet w id e a n d i s 52 fee t hi g h fr o m flo o r t o c e i li n
, g .

a i s l es a re ea c h 7 5 feet l o n b 1 5 f t b r d d
g y ee o a a n an ,

feet hi g h fro m fl oo r t o c eili n g ; but t h ey h a v e i n t erw ed

fl oo rin g s 1 6 feet a bo v e t h e g ro un d fl oo r fo rm i n g gzi
‘

, ,

ies fo r t he l a di es o f t h e c o n g rega t i o n T h e re is ab .

g a ll e rv o n t h e s a m e l ev el a c r os s t he ea s t e n d of
n a ve , a bo v e w hi c h is a fi n e r o s e w i n d o w 1 3 f e e t in ,

met e r g l a z ed w i t h c o l o ured g l a s s
, O n ei t h e r s i d e of
.

po r t i c o a re en t ra n c es t o s t a i rca s es l ea di n g t o t h e g a ll-3
t h es e c a n a l s o be us ed a s e x i t s fr o m t he n a v e i n ca s f

n ec es s i t y Th e o ne t o t he s o ut h ea s t is i n t h e ba se
.
- .

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,

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 THE N E W S YN AGO G UE .

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,

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.

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GO V E R N M E N T HO U SE .

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t he fo ur o r fi v e w i n t er mo n th s o f h is s t a y i n C a lc utt
‘

s it ua t ed i n a fi n e en c l os ure o f s o me s ix a c r e s o n t he,

o f t h e E s pl a n a d e a n d s t a n di n g ba c k fro m t he M a i d a n .

w hi c h i t e n j o y s a c l ea r v i ew o f t w o mil es t o t h e

Th ere a re en tr a n c es s ix in a ll U po n a ll f o ur s i d es P .

c ula rly n o t i c ea bl e o n t h e ea s t a n d w es t a re t h e fo u r

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t he s t a t ely a p a rt men t s o f th e p a l a ce w h i c h Lo rd W
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men d ed t h a t s t ep s s h o uld be t a ken t o proc ure a l

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h a ve been un eq ua lly a n d s tra n gely s el ec t ed : W

 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

o f t he pi c t ures d eri v ed fro m t hi s a n d ot h e r so urces ,

is giv
i n t he c o ur se o f t he en s ui n g p a es
g .

TH E V A R I O U S G O V E R N ME N T H O U S E S .

The fi r s t G o v er n men t H o use i n C a l c ut t a s t oo d Wi t

t he prec i nc t s o f O ld Fo r t W illi a m a n d w a s ev iden tl i ,

i m po s i n g b uildi ng fo r it w a s h o n o ured w i t h t h e pra ise

,

C a p t a i n Al ex a n d er H a mil t o n w h o s a w i t a s ea rly a s 171

,

A f t e r t he c a p t ure o f t he s et t l eme n t by Se ra j ud dm - -

a n d i t s r ec o v e ry by Cli v e a n d W a t s o n i n 1 7 57 t he h ,
e.

i n t he Fo rt w a s di s ca rd ed a n d a n o ffi c i a l r es ide n c e err -“
n
,

fo r t h e Pres id en t o n t he ri ver ba n k s o ut h o f t h e O ld F
,

In A ug us t 1 7 6 7 it w a s fo un d t o be i n a r ui n o us
, ,

a n d a n e w s i t e w a s s el ec te d n o t fa r fro m t h e s po t

t he m o d er n buildi n g s t a n d s In W oo d s ma p o f
’
.

t he s i t ua t i o n o f G o v e r n me n t H o us e i s s h o w n ( a s

bet w een C o urt h o us e s t reet a n d C o un c il h o use s t rc et

- - - -

t he en c l o s ure did n o t e x t en d a s fa r w es t a s it n o w don

A t t h e s o ut h ea s t c o r n e r o f C o un c il h o use s t reet st t
- - - ar

t he C o un c il Ch a mbe r
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o ve r a g a i ns t
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c a ll ed t h e Ac c o un t a n t G en e r a l s o ffi ce a n d n o w
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t he T rea s ury I n o t h er w o rd s bo th Go ver n me n t How!

.
,

a n d t he C o un c il H o us e s t oo d o n t h e g ro un d n o w format
-

t h e Go v e r n me n t H o us e en c l o s ur e t he C o un c il H o us e her! ,
-

t o t h e w es t o f G o v e r n men t H o us e Th e re w a s a n .

C oun c il H o us e s t i ll w hi c h w a s c o n d emne d in 1 7 64 a s
-
,

a d a p t ed fo r t he pri v a c y w hi c h is o ft en req ui s i t e Tn .

di t i o n , s a ys D r B us t eed . I do n o t k n ow w i th will
,

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t r ut h pl a c es t hi s s o ut h o f t he E x c h a n ge o n a s i t e a ft
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 THE V A R I O US G O V E RN M E N T HO U S E S . 665

wa rd s oc c u pi e d Pri v a t e Sec ret a ry t o the V i c ero y

by t he .

I t w o uld be i n t hi s o ld e r C o un c il h o us e t h a t t h e hi s t o ri c
i n c id en t o c c urred in J un e 1 7 63 w h en M r S t a n l a ke B a t s o n
, ,
.

s t r uc k H a s t i n s i n t he f a c e d uri n
g g a C o un c il meet i n g .

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-
hi rd
w ho oc c upi ed t hi s t

G o v e r n me n t H o us e w hi c h w en t by t he n a me o f B uc ki n g
,

h a m H o us e w e re H a s t i n g s Si r J o h n M a c ph er s o n L o rd
, , ,

’
C o r n w a lli s a n d S i r J o h n S h o re
,
B ut H a s t i n g s r es id en c e
.

i n it w a s e x t re me ly i n t e r mi t t en t Fo r t h ree y e a r s a f t er .

h is ma rri a g e in 1 7 7 7 t o t he B a r o n es s I m h o ff he a pp ea r s ,

t o h a v e li ved i n t h e h o us e s h e h a d f o r me rly o c c upi e d ( no w

t he o fli c es o f M e s s r s B urn a n d C o
. i n H a s t i n g s S t reet ) .
,

a n d t o h a v e us e d G o v e r n men t H o us e o n ly fo r o fl i c ia l p ur

p o s es. At a l a t e r d a t e he pr e fe rr ed t o p a s s h i s t i me a t
,

h i s c o un t ry h o us e i n A li po re a n d c a me i n t o C a l c ut t a o n ly
-

t o t r a n s a c t p ubli c bus i n es s Hi s pri v a t e o ffic e is s a id t o

.

h a v e been s i t ua t ed i n t he h o us e n o w oc c upi ed by M es s rs .

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.
, ,

c o r n e r o f C o urt h o us e -
S t reet fa c i n g t h e Go v e r n me n t
,

H o us e en c l o s ures a n d h is i n i t i a l s w ere to be fo un d un t il ,

rec en t ly ,s c r a t c h ed upo n a p a n e o f g l a s s i n o n e o f th e
w i n d o w s o f t he h o use .

Thi s di s i n c li n a t i o n o f H a s ti n gs t o l i ve i n Go v er n me n t
H o use is e a s y o f ex pl a n a t i o n I t w a s n ei t h er i mpo s i n g
.

n o r c a p a c i o us G r a n dpre w h o v i s i t ed C a l c ut t a i n 1 7 90
.
,

i n t he d a y s o f Co r n w a lli s c o mmen te d i n mo s t dis p a ra g

,

i n g t e rms o n t he q ua li t y o f t h e a c c o mmo d a t i o n pro v id ed

fo r t he G o v er n o r Gen er a l -
.

He li ves in a h o us e o n t h e E s pl a n a d e o p po s ite t he
c i t a d el. M a n y pri v a t e i n di v id ua l s i n t he Tow n h a v e
66 6 CA C L UTTA O LD AN D N E W .

ho us es a s go od The h o us e o f t he Go v e r n o r o f P o ndi
.

c h e rry is muc h mo re m ag n i fic en t P ubli c rec e p t i o n s w ere

.

a s a r ul e h eld ei t h e r i n th e C o urt H o use

, w h ere S t An
-
, .

drew s Ch urc h n o w s t a n d s o r a t t he Pl a y h o us e w hi c h w a s
’
, ,

in Cli ve S t reet i m medi a t ely behi n d W ri t e r s B uild i n g s o n ’

t h e s i t e o f M es s r s F i n l a y M ui r a n d C o s o fli c es
. W h en
.
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.

L o rd W ell es l ey t h en Lo rd M o rn i n g t o n a rri v ed i n C a lc ut t a
, ,

i n 1 798 t he pr a c t i c e w a s s t ill i n us e
,
W e r e a d i n th e
.

G a z e t t e fo r D ec embe r 1 3 o f t h a t y e a r The R i g h t Ho n ble

’

t h e G o v e r n o r G en e r a l h a v i ng a pp o i n t ed M o n d a y t he 1 7 t h
-
,

i n s t a n t fo r t he c el ebr a t i o n o f His M a j es t y s bi r th d a y
’

,
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t h e re w ill be a B a ll a n d S uppe r a t t he Th ea t re o n th e o c c a

s io n , a t w hi c h His Lo rd s hip d es i res t h e fa v o ur o f th e

c o m p a n y o f a ll t h e Ge n t l e men bel o n i n t o t h e C iv i l a n d
g g
M ili t a ry S er v i c e o f His M a j e s t y a n d o f t he Ho n ble t he
’

E a s t I n di a C o m p a n y .

B ut h es e ma kes hi ft a rr a n gemen t s w e re no t t o t h e t a s t e
t

o f t he n ew G o v e r n o r G e n e r a l -
His s o ul re be ll ed a g a i n s t
.

t he p a l t ry di me n s i o n s a n d t h e mea n a ppea r a n c e o f t h e

o ffi c i a l r es id e n c e w hi c h h a d s e rv ed h i s pred ec e s s o r s : a n d

he did n o t re s t un t il h e h a d o bt a i n ed t he s a n c t i o n o f t h e
C o urt o f D i r ec t o r s t o t he c o n s t r uc t i o n o f a w o r t hi er d w e l l
i n g pl a c e fo r t he h ea d o f t he i r Go v e r n men t i n I n di a
- Th e .

e x ec ut i o n o f h i s g r a n di o se c o n c ep t i o n w a s ent r us t ed to

C a p t a i n Ch a rl es W y a t t o f t h e C o rp s o f E n g i n ee rs a n d t h e
, ,

r
fi st b c ri k w as l a id w i t h a ppr o pri a t e s o l em n i t y o n t h e 5 t h

Feb ua r ry 1 7 9 9 T h e
. c o s t o f e r ec t i o n w a s a b o u t t hi r t e en
,

l a kh s o f r up ees : t he l a n d is s a id t o h a v e c o s t R s .

a n d t he f u r n i t u r e h a lf a l a kh T h e .
g e n e r a l a r c hit ec t u ra l
d es i g n o f the buildi n g p a r t a kes o f t he o rdi n a ry c h a r a c t e r
 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

o f a ir c a n be o bt a n e
id t h ro ug h every roo m The Co unc il .

c h a mbe r oc c upi e s t he fi r s t fl oo r o f t he n o r t h e a s t w i n
g
-
.

The so uth w es t w i n g is d ev o t ed t o t he V ic ero y s es ta b

-
’

lis h men t : h ere is h is pri v a t e roo m a n d t h os e o f hi s P ri

,

v a t e S ec ret a ry a n d Aid e de c a mp -
O n t h e fl oo r i mme
-
.

d ia t ely bel o w i s t he Pri v a t e Sec r et a ry s o ffi c e a n d r oo ms ’

,

fo r t he s t a ff o f c l e rk s w h o s e s erv i ce s a re i n perp et ua l
req ui s iti o n to d ea l w i t h t he mo un t a i n s o f p a p e r s w hi ch
d a ily c o me be fo re t he V i c ero y In th e s o ut h ea s t w i n g is
.
-

t he pri v a t e dr a w i ng r o o m o f Her E x c ell en c y

-
Th e n o rt h .

w es t w i n g a s w e ll a s t he upp e r s t o ri es o f t h e o t h e r w i n s
, g ,

a re r es e r ve d fo r t h e pri v a t e a c c o m mo d a t i o n o f t h e h o us e

p a r ty The g ro un d floo r is a l mo s t en t i rely t a ken up b y

.
-

t he o ffi c es o f t he A id es d e c a mp a n d o t h er s bel o n g i n g t o
- -

t h e V i c e reg a l h o us eh o ld Th e g ra n d en t r a n ce li es o n t h e
.

n o r t h s id e a n d is a ppro a c h ed by a h a n d s o me a n d s p a c i o us

fli g h t o f s t ep s l ea di n g t o a n o bl e po r t i c o o n the fi rs t fl o o r
,
.

U p o n th es e s t ep s c us to m h a s o rd ered t h a t C al c ut t a so c i et y
s h a ll a s s e mbl e t o g r eet a rri v i n g V i c e r o y s but i t is s e ld o m
us ed e x c e p t up o n s uc h oc c a s i o n s o f s t a t e t he o rd i n ary ,

en t r a n c e bei n g be n ea t h t h e s t a ir s W e ma y h o w ev e r
.

i ma g i n e o urs el ves in t h e po s i t i o n o f a s t a t e g ues t a n d e n te r

by t he p o r t i c o w h en w e s h a ll fi n d o urs el ves a t o n c e i n t he
r e a t ma r bl e ba n q uet i n g h a ll c o mpo s ed i n re a li t y o f t h ree
g ,

s ep a r a te c h a mbe r s w hi c h w e pro po s e t o n a me i n t h e o rde r

,

in w hi c h w e en c o un t er t h e m Th e w a ll s a n d pill a rs o f t he
.

roo ms a re o f pl a i n W hi t e c h un a m hi g hly po li s h ed a n d t h e ,

c o ffere d c eili n s w hi c h a re t a s t e fully d ec o ra t ed i n ld

g g o

a n d c o l o rs , a re a ft er t he d es i gns o f M r H M Loc k e . . .
,

fo rmerly Pri n c i p a l o f t h e Sc h oo l o f A rt .
 THE B R E A K FA S T -
ROO M . 669

T HE B R E A K F A S T R O O M -
.

The rt h er n mo s t roo m is k n o w n a s the B rea kfa s t

no

ro o m At th e ea s t er n en d s t o o d un t il v ery rec en t ly a n
.

a d mir a b ly e x ec ut ed w hi t e m a r b l e s t a t ue by J a me s B a c o n

j un i o r O f t he M a rq ui s l V elles ley erec t ed a s it s i n s c rip t i o n ,

rec o rd s by t h e p ubli c s ubs c rip t i o n o f t he i n h a bi t a n t s o f

,

C a l c ut t a It ha s n o w bee n t r a ns fe rre d t o t h e V i c t o ri a
.

M e mo ri a l Ha ll c o ll ec t i o n a t t he I n di a n M us eum .

U po n t he w a ll s a re a nu mbe r of i n t e res t i n g po r t r a i t s

( )
1 J a mes A n d rew B ro w n R a ms a y , t en t h ea rl a n d fi r s t
M a rq ues s o f D a lh o us i e , G o v e r n o r G ene r a l -
of I n di a fro m
1 848 t o 1 856 di ed i n 1 860 a ge d 48 .

He is repres e n t ed s ea t ed in a pl a i n bl a c k suit a n d w ea rs
t he g r een ri bbon a nd s ta r of t he Thi s t l e .

Th e r t i s t w a s S i r J o h n W a t s o n Go rd o n
a ,

a n d t he y e a r o f t h e p a i n t i n
g 1 8 5 7 H i s s t a t ue by S i r J o h n
.

S t ee l ,
w hi c h o ri g i n a lly s t o o d o ppo s i t e t h a t o f

Lo rd W ell es l ey w a s pl a c ed in the s ev en t i es i n the D al

'

h o us i e I n s t i t ut e w h ere i t n o w is
,
It is i n t e n d ed t o re mo v e
.

i t t o t h e V i c t o ri a M e mo ri a l H a ll w h e n t h a t buildi n g h a s
bee n c o mpl e t ed .

2
( ) E d w a rd La w ,
s ec o n d Ba ro n a nd fi r s t E a rl o f E llen
bo ro u g h , Go v e n o r r -
G en e r a l of I n di a fr o m 1 842 44 -
: bo r n
1 7 90, a nd died as rec en t ly as 1 87 1 .

The pi c t ure is s i g n ed J . H a y es L o n d o n
, ,
a nd is a f ul l
l e n g t h li fe s i z e p o r t ra i t
-
.
6 70 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

The e rra t i c a n d t h ea t ri c al r ul e o f t hi s Go ve rn o r Gen e ra l -

w ill be a l w a y s memo r a bl e fo r i t s dr a ma t i c t e r m i n a t i o n .

He w a s a br up t ly r ec a lle d by t he C o urt o f D i r ec t o r s i n ,

s pi t e o f t he s t r e n uo us O ppo s i t i o n o f t he B o a rd o f C o n t r o l .

N o r w a s t he s t ep w i t h o ut j us t i fi c a t i o n . He se t o ut fo r
C a lc ut t a res o l v ed o n a p o li cy w hi c h a t a fa re w e ll d i n n e r
g i v en t o h i m a t t he I n di a H o u s e h e s u mm a ri z ed i n t he
”
w o rd s t o res t o re p ea c e to A s i a . B ut t he w h o l e o f h is
t e rm o f o ffi c e w a s oc c upi ed w i t h w a r s ,
o n e o f v e n g ea n c e

a n d t w o o f a n n ex a t i o n a n d ag g res s i o n . Th e w a r o f v e n

g e a n c e f o ll o w e d t h e m a s s a c r e a t K a b u l i n 1 84 2 a n d t h e

s i ege s o f G h a z n e e a n d J el a l a ba d : a n d a f t er it s s ucc e s s f ul

t e r m i n a t i o n he i n d ul g ed i n g r a n di o s e di s pl a y s a n d bo m

ba s t i c h a r a n g ues w hi c h w ere un i v e rs a lly ridi c ul ed i n t he

,

a bs en c e o f s p ec i a l c o rr es p o n d en t s t o w ri t e t h e m up

a s e s s e n t i a l a c c o m p a n i me n t s t o t h e g o o d G o v e r n me n t o f

a n o ri en t a l r a c e . His n ex t s t e p w a s t o a n n ex Sc i n de a n d
t o i n v a d e G w a li o r B ut t h e p a t i en c e o f t he D irec t o r s w a s
.

e x h a us t ed ,
i n s pi t e o f t he vi c t o ri es o f N a pi e r a t M ee a n e e
a d
n o f G o ug h a t M a h a ra jp o r e a n d P u n n i a r T
. h e y h a d no

c o n t r o l o v e r h i s p o li c y : h is d es p a t c h es w e r e h a ug h t y a n d

di s res pec t ful a n d w i t h t he c i v ili a n s fro m w h o m th e C o urt

d eri ved i t s i n fo r ma t i o n he w a s mo s t un p o p ul a r
,
The
.

G o v e r n o r Gen e r a l w a s o rd ered t o m a k e o ve r c h a rg e o f
-

h is O fli c e t o M r W illi a m W i l be rfo rc e B ird t he se n i o r

.
,

member o f C o un c il a n d h e s a iled fo r E n gl a n d o n J un e
,

1 5t h , 1 844 .

B ut h i s i t h I n di a w a s n o t o ver He h a d
i
c o n n ec t o n w .

a lrea dy t h ree t i mes fi ll ed t h e o fli ce o f Pres id en t o f t h e

B o a rd o f C o n t r o l fi r s t ly un d e r t he D uke o f W ell i n g t o n
, ,
 ( )
4 S i rJ o h n S ho re fi rs t L ord Teighmo ut h Go v ernor
, ,

Ge n er a l o f I n di a fro m 1 7 93 t o 1 7 98 : bo rn 1 7 5 1 ra i s ed ,

t o t h e pee r a ge i n O ct o be r 1 7 97 a n d di ed i n 1 834 , .

h r
S o e b g e a n h i s o ffi c i a l c a r e e r a s a c o n v i n c e d f o ll o w er

of F r a n c i s b ,
u t p e r s o n a l i n t e r c o ur s e w i t h H a s t i n
g s m a d e

t h e m fri e n d s f o r li fe . Lik e C o r n w a lli s h, e w a s a s t r o n g

a d v o c a t e o f e c o n o m y a
,
n d prid e d hi m s e l f o n b e i n g a t t e n d ed

by o n ly o n e fo u t - r h t h e n u m b e r o f a id e s d e
-
c-
a m p t o w hi ch
H a s t i n g s h a d been a c c us t o med As a s ta tes ma n h e dis
.
,

pl a y ed a l a c k o f fi r mnes s w hi c h pro vo k es a g o o d d e a l of
c o mme n t fr o m H a s t i n g s C
’
a l c u t t a c o rr e s p o n d e n t s . W e

a re t mi id h
w e e
,
r w e o u g ht t o b e b o ld ,
a n d d a ri n
g e v
, e n t o
”
t e me tri y in o c c a s o i n s t h a t r e q u ir e l e n i t y a n d c o n c i l i a t i o n ,
,

y
s a s Tu n e r r of S h o r e . H e h a s a m i s e r a b l e c o n s t i t u t i on

f
a n d s uf e s r hi lf
ms e t o b e d e pr e s s e d b y c o n s t a n t r e g r e t s o f

h is a b s e n t fa m i ly ,
w ri t e s C o l o n e l P a l m e r t h
, e f a t h e r o f
m —
t he Pri n ce o f M e r c h a n t s . A g o o d a n b u t
” ’
a s co ld as a G r e y H o u n d s
’
N o s e , i s T oo n e s v e r d i c t.

Thi s pi c t ur e i s a n o t h e r o f t h o s e s i g ne d by H a y e s a nd
li ke t he o t he r s is pro ba b ly a C o py It s s ubj ec t a rri v ed
.

i n Be n g a l a s a w ri t e r i n M a y 1 769 : a n d t o o k a pr o m i n en t
pa r t i n t h e c o mpil a t i o n o f t h e c o d e o f l a w s fo r B e n g a l
w hi c h w as p ubli s h ed in 1 79 3 He bec a me G o v e rn o r
.

G en e ra l i n t h a t ye a r o n t h e d epa r t ure o f L o rd C o r n w a l lis

a n d h e ld o ffi c e un t il L o rd W elles ley s a rri v a l i n 1 7 98 ’
.

P a c i fi c h a bi t s a n d s kill i n reven ue w er e S i r J o h n S h o re s ’

d i s t i n g ui s hi n g q ua li fi c a t i o n s His s ec o n d s on F rede ric k

.
,

Jo h n S ho r e w a s a l s o a n emi n en t me mber o f t he C iv il
,
 THE D I N IN G- R OO M .

S e rv i c e . He di ed i n C a lc utt a in 1 837 i n his 39t h y ea r a nd

l i e s buri ed i n t he N o rth P a rk - S t reet Cemet ery .

THE D I N I N G R O O M -
.

P a s s i n g t hro ug h the B rea k fa s t R oo m w e c o me t o t he

-
,

D i n i ng R oo m
-
Tw o row s o f d a z z li n g w hi t e co l umn s
.

d i v id e t hi s no bl e c h a mber i n t o a c en t ra l a p a rt men t a n d t w o
a i s l es . A l o ng t he ea s t er n a n d w es t er n w a l l s a re r a n ged
t h e w ell k n o w n bus t s of t he Tw el ve C a s a rs
- ca p t ured , ,

a c co rdi ng to tra d i tio n fro m a F ren c h S hi p , toget h er w ith

,

t h e po rtr a i t s o f Lo ui s X V a n d hi s Q ueen w hi c h h a n g
.

el s ew h e re o n t h e s o uth ea s t er n s t a i rc a s e
- The ex t re mely .

h a n d so me c h a n d eli er s w hi c h a d o rn t hi s a n d s o me o f t he
o th er pri n c ip a l a p a rt men t s a re al s o us ua lly re f erred t o t h e

s a me o ri g i n Ac c o rdi n g t o L o rd V a l en t i a h o w ev er it
.
, ,

w o uld a p pea r t h a t mos t o f t he g i r a n d o l es a n d mi rro r s i n

G o v ern men t H o us e w ere bo ug ht a t t he s al e o f t he e ffec t s

o f Cl a ud e M a rti n w h i c h w a s h eld a t L uc k n ow o n O c t o ber

1 801 a f t e r the Gen era l s d ea t h An d in t he fi r s t

’
1 5 th , ,
.

v o l ume o f W a lt er H a milt o n s
’
D e s c ripti o n o f Hi n d us
s h ed in 1 820) a s i mil a r r eferen c e ma y be fo un d
ta n ( p u b li .

At t he en d o f t he V i s t a , a ddi n g a
pe rfec t fi n i s h t o t he
n era l effec t i s t he Thro n e R oo m o en i n t fi
p
-
g e , g o n , o a n e

s e m i c irc ul a r v er a n d a h o verl oo k i n g t he s o uth a n d s o n a med

f ro m it s c o n t a i i g
n n t h e Th ne
ro o f T i pp oo S ult a n — a il t
g
c h a i r w i t h low ba c k low S l o pi ng a r ms a n d red c us hi o n s
, , .

THE THRO N E R O O M -
.

In t he Th ro n e- R oo m, t he p l a c e of h o n o ur is oc c upi ed by
43
67 4 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

po rt r a i t s o f K i ng Geo rge t he Thi rd a n d Q ueen C h a rl o tte .

Bo t h a re t he w o rk o f All a n R a ms a y a s s i s ted by R e i n a le
, g
a n d w ere o ri g i n a lly p a i n t ed fo r t he c o ro n a t i o n o f the

Ki ng a n d Q ueen o n S ep t ember 22n d 1 76 1 , . The y bec a me

t he a mba s s a d o ri al t yp e a n d w ere C o i ed fo r a l l f o rei n
p g
C o ur t s a nd repres en t a t i ves o f t he So verei gn .

N ex t toQ ueen Ch a rl o t te h a n g s ( 5) t he po s th um o us port

.
—
ra i t o f M r j ohn Ada m a c t i ng Go ver n o r Gen e r a l o f Fort
-

W illi a m in Ben ga l fro m J a n ua ry to Aug us t 1 823 be t w een ,

t he d e p a r t ure o f t he M a rq ue s s o f H a s t i n gs ( L o rd M o im

a n d t h e a rri v a l o f L o rd A mh er s t . Thi s is o n e O f t h e gems

o f t h e c o ll ec t i o n — a v e ry po w erf ully p a i n t ed pi c t ure b
-
y Sir

Th o ma s L a w r en c e a nd a fi n e s pec i men o f h is s t y l e A da m
w a s t he eld es t s o n o f t he R i g h t Ho n . W i l l i a m A da m .

Chi ef C o mmi s s i o n er o f the J ury Co urt fo r Ci v i l C a us es in

Sc o t l a n d a nd a d a ug ht er o f th e t en th B a ro n E l p h i n s tone
, .

H a v i n g a t t he a ge o f 1 5 o bt a i n ed a B enga l w ri t e r s hip
t h ro ugh h is un c l e , t he Ho n . W illi a m Full er t o n E l p hin
s to n e ,
he s a i led fo r I nd i a w ith his c o us i n M o un t s t ua rt
E lphi n s t o ne a n d a rri v ed a t C al c utt a i n Feb r ua ry 1 796
,
.

I n 1 81 7 he w a s ma d e prov i s i o n a l M ember o f C o uncil

at t h e Pres id en c y ,
a n d in 1 81 9 w a s c o n fi rm ed i n the
a pp o i n t men t . Ill h ea l th c o mpell ed him to res i g n t h e s er
-

v i c e in 1 825 a n d he sa il ed fo r E uro pe : but di ed o ff M a da

g a s c a r o n t he 4t h J un e a t t h e a ge o f o n ly 46 . H i s t e n ure

o f o ffi c e w a s c hi efly me mo ra b l e fo r h is d epo rt a t i o n of

J a mes S i lk B uc ki ng h a m t he edito r o f t he C a lc ut t a j o ur
,

nal , fo r h i s o ut s p o k en c o mmen t s upo n o ffic i a l a c t s a nd

pe r s o n s—a s t a r t li n g remi n d er th a t it w a s n o t un t i l 1 835
th a t t he Pres s i n I n di a o bt a i n ed it s f reed om .
67 6 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

a ft erw a rd s C o mma n d er i n Chi ef in E ng l a n d fro m 1 793 t o

- -

1 7 95 a n d h is s ucc es s i o n t o h is un c l e s ba ro n y i n 1 7 9 7 w a s
’

un d e r s p ec i a l rema i n d er In 1 81 6 he w a s d es p a t c he d o n the
.

w ell k n o w n mi s s i o n t o Chi n a w h en h e re fused t o ma k e the

-
,

ko w t ow
- Th e ea rli e r y ea rs o f h is g o ver n men t o f I ndia
.

w e re t a k en up w ith t he fi r s t B ur mes e w a r w hi c h c os t ,

li ves a n d ne a rly fo urteen milli o n s s t e rli n g but ,

a dd ed t o t he B ri t i s h E mpi re As s a m Arra ca n a n d T e na s ,

s e ri m pro vi n c es w hi c h h a v e prov ed w ell w o rth t h e um

,

q ueri n g In 1 826 he w a s c rea ted E a rl Amhe r s t o f A rra can

.

i n c o mmemo r a ti o n o f h is a c h i evemen t W i t h h i s n a me
'

mus t a l s o be a s s oc i a t ed the i n a ug ur a ti o n i n t he s a me year

o f S i ml a a s the s um me r s a n it a ri um o f t he Go v e rn o r G en t - s

ra l. A ft er h is ret ur n t o E n gl a n d he li v ed in re t i r em ent , .

Hi s eld es t so n J eff ery di ed a t B a rr a c k po re i n 1 826

, , .

Th ere fo r merly h un g in t he Thro n e R oo m -

an d i m me
dia tely ou s t ide it on t he s o ut h -
t i rc a s e
ea s t s a , tw o o t her

pic t ures , H o me
bo th by R o be rt t he o n e o f L o rd
VV e ll e s ley
, ,

a n d t h e o t h er a n e x t r e me ly i n t e res ti ng o n e o f t h e D uk e of

W elli ng t o n p a i n ted i n 1 804 a n d p urc h a s ed by G o v e r n ment

,

fr o m t he p a i n t er fo r R s in t he fo ll o w i n g y ear
. .

Th es e h a v e n o w un d er o rd e rs o f L o rd C ur z on bee n t ra ns
, ,

ferred t o t h e c o ll ec ti o n ul t i ma tely d es ti ne d fo r th e V i c to ria

M e mo ria l H a ll w hi c h i s n o w te mp o r a rily h o us ed i n the
,

I n di a n M us eum Th e g a p s c rea t ed by th ei r d e p a rture

.

h a v e been mo s t a ppr o p ri a t ely fi ll ed by a po rt r a i t o f His

M a j es ty Ki ng E d w a rd t he S ev e n t h .

A t t he d o o r o f t h e Thro n e R o o m o n -
t h e so ut h - ea s t s ta i r

ca s e , a re a n umbe r o f p o rt r a it s
 n us THR O N E - R OO M . 677

( )
1 H . R . H . Pri n c e Al bert V ic to r , D uke o f C la ren c e
a nd Av o n da le : bo rn 1 86 4 di ed ,
1 892 .

T hi s p a i n t ed by A
w as . So o rd i n 1 894, a nd is
d upli a

c a t e o f t he o n e pres en t ed to H . R . H . t he D uk e o f Y o rk
o n h i s ma rri a ge .

( )
2 L a dy Wi llia m B en ti nc k— A go o d pi c t ure pr o ba bly,

by H a y es .

L a dy M a ry Ac h es o n s ec o n d d a ugh t er o f A r t h ur ,

A c h es o n fi r s t E a rl o f Go s f o rd ma rri ed i n 1 803 L o rd
, ,

W illi a m Ben t i n c k Sh e a c c o mp a n i ed h im bo th t o M a dr a s
.

a n d C a l c ut t a a n d s urv i ved h is d ea th i n 1 839 .

O t h erpi c t ures r epres en t S h ere Ali A meer o f K a bul fr o m ,

1 863 t o 1 879 ( a n eq ues tri a n p o rtr a it ) M a h a r a j a h J a s w a n t

S i ng h Chi e f o f Bh urt p o re fr o m 1 853 t o 1 893 t h e pres en t
, ,

N i z a m o f Hyd era ba d a s a c hild F a t h Ali Sh a h o f , ,

P e r s i a fro m 1 7 98 t o 1 834 M a h a r a j a h M o h en der S i ng h , ,

rul e r o f P a t i a l a fr o m 1 862 t o 1 872 a n d S a a d a t Al i Kh a n , ,

N a w a b o f O udh fro m 1 79 8 t o 1 81 4 ( t h e l a s t n a med p ro -

b a b ly by H o me ) .

A t t en t i o n l ma y a so be d ra w n to po r t r a it o f L o rd
a

B ea c o n s field p a i n ted , by E . N . D o w n a rd a n d pr es en t ed by
t h e E a rl o f Ly t t o n .

O n th e s a me s o uth
t s t a i rc a s e is a re ma rk a bl e pi c t ure
-
ea s

o n t w ill ed ca n va s by Geo rge W il s o n a Sc o t c h a rt i s t w ho , ,

m a d e a l a rge f o r t un e in I n di a a n d di ed in E di n burgh in
1 7 97 . It re pr es en t s M a h a mma d Ali N a w a b o f t h e C a r ,

ma t i c fro m 1 7 54 t o 1 805 a n d k n o w n a l so a s W a l a J a h t he
,
6 78 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

N a bo b of i mil a r pi c t ure t o th i s b ut w ith a

A rc o t . A s

di fferen t ba c kg ro un d i s i n t he R o y a l Co ll ec t i o n a t H a mp
, ,

t o n C o urt P a l a c e .

A s p ec i a l i n t eres t a t t a c h es t o t he t w o l a rge p i c t ures of

Lo ui s t he Fi fteen t h Ki n g o f F ra n c e a nd Q uee n M ari
, ,
t

Le c z in s k a w hi c h a re a ls o h un g o n t he s o ut h c a s ten
,
-

s t a i rc a s e . Bo t h a re t he w o rk o f C a rl V an L o o a n d an:
s a id t o h a ve bee n c a p t ur ed b
y a n E n g li s h ma n o f w a r f ror: - -

a F r e n c h s hip o n i t s w a y t o t he M a uriti us T h e re is at .

e x a c t ly s i mil a r pi c t ur e o f t h e Q ueen a l s o by V a n L oo r:
'

, ,

t he Lo uv re a n d d a t ed 1 7 47
,
w h en s he w o uld h a v e bees
, .

44 y ea r s o f a ge .

T H E BA LL R O O M S -
.

A bo v e t he M a rbl e H a ll a re h
t e B a ll -
r oo ms , w h ic h on»

c upy t he w h o l e of d fl oo r o f t he ma i n buildi ng
t he s ec o n

The fl o o r s a re o f po li s h ed t ea k a n d t he roo ms c o rre s ponf ,

i n a rr a n g emen t t o t he a p a r t men t s bel o w O v e r the . .

Thro n e R oo m i s t he p ubli c dra w i ng roo m : i n t h e c emrr

- -

i s a l a rg e ba ll ro o m di v id ed by a d o ubl e ro w o f p ill a rs :
-
,

a n d o n t he n o r t h i s a s m a ll e r b a ll ro o m -
.

W e m a y n o w d es c e n d t o t he firs t floo r by t h e s t a i rca sc

in t h e n o rt h ea s t w i n g
- .

H ere a re t he p o rt r a i t s of

d rd R b r B l r Lyt d b d
( )
1 E w a o e t u w e t o n s eco n a ro n - a n ,

fi r s t E a rl of Ly t t o n V i c e ro y a n d Go ver n o r Ge n e r a l o f I ndia
,
-

f r o m 1 876 t o 1 880 : di ed i n 1 89 1 a ged 60 , .

680 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

a nd fi r s t Go v er n o r Gen er a l -
of I n di a from 1 83 4 t o 1 835 .

He w as bo rn in 1 774 a nd di ed i n 1 839 . His sta t ue by Sir

R i c h a rd W es t ma c o t t ,
R A
. .
, st a n ds O p po s i te t he Tow n
Ha ll .

Thi spi c t ure w a s proc ured by Lo rd N o rth b roo k t h ro ugh

La dy O s s i n g t on Lo rd W il li a m Ben ti n c k s n i ec e i n 1 873
’
.

, ,

It i s a c o py o f t he pi c t ur e bel o n g i ng t o t he D uk e o f P o rt
la n d a t W el bec k a n d w a s d esc ri bed by L ad y O s s i n gt o n
,

as a n ex a c t c o p y o f t he o ri i na l w hi c h w a s d o n e I b e
g ,

l i eve in P a ri s in 1 839 th e y ea r o f hi s d ea t h a n d t h e li ke
, , ,

n es s is v ery oo d
g .

( )
2 G eo rge E d en ,
d B a ro n a n d fi r s t E a rl o f A uc k
s ec on

la n d Go v erno r Gen er a l o f I n di a 1 836 1 842

,
- He s urv ived ,
-
.

hi s ret ur n fro m I n di a fo r s even y ea r s a n d di ed i n 1 84 9 at

th e a g e o f 6 5 His s t a t ue s t a n d s o ppo s i t e t h e E den
.

Ga rd en s .

The pi c t ur e w a s p a i n t ed by A S t ua r t VV o rt ley i n 1 878 . .

fro m t w o li ken es s es in t he p o s s es s i o n o f His Lo rd s h i p s ’

fa mily A n o th er po rtr a it o f Lo rd A uc kl a n d is i n G o v e rn
.

”
men t H o us e but it is ,
v ery po o rly p a i n te d an d w hen ,

L o rd N a pi er o f Merch is to un w a s a c t i ng a s V i c e ro y in
M a y 1 87 2 o n t he murde r o f Lo rd M a y o t he a t t e n t i o n of
, ,

t he Sec r et a ry o f S t a te w a s c a ll ed t o t he c i rc um s t a n a

a n d a r eq ues t ma d e t h a t a bet t er pi c t ur e mi g ht be p ro c ured .

M r S t ua rt W o rtley s pa i n t i n g w a s even t ua l ly t h e res ult

.
’
,

but it n eed ed a s ec o n d d es p a t c h fr o m L o rd N o r t h b r ook

fi ve y ea r s l a t er t o o bt a i n it .

eo rg e F red eri c k S a muel R o bi n so n , fi r s t M a r ues s

( )
3 G q
o f R i pon , V i c er o y a nd G o v e r n o r Ge n e r a l
- of I n d i a from
1 880 t o 1 884 . P a i n te d by S ir E d w a rd J . Po y n ter , no w

P res id en t o f t he R o y a l Ac a d emy .

L o rd R i po n s uc c eed ed t o t he heri t a ge o f t he Sec o n d

A fg h a n W a r but his t en ure o f o fli ce w a s e mph a ti c a lly a
,

p e a ce f ul o ne I t w a s .m a rk ed b y w h a t i s k n o w n a s t h e

I l be rt B ill Ag i t a ti o n t h e ex t en s i o n o f l oca l s el f g o vem

,
-

m en t a n d t he res t o r a t i o n o f t he s ta t e o f M y s o r e t o i t s
,

’
h e redi t a ry H i n d o o dy n a s t y L o rd R i po n s po p ul a ri t y
.

w i t h t he peo pl e o f t he c o un t ry h a s n ev er been eq ua ll ed by

a n y o t h e r V i c er o y : a n d hi s d ep a rt ur e fro m I n di a i n 1 884

w a s a cc o mp a n i ed by t he mo s t rema rk a ble d emo n s t r a t i o n s

o f e s t eem a n d a d mi r a t i o n .

Befo re h is a ssu mpti o n of t he V i cero y a lty , h e h a d fi ll ed

a nu mber i mpo rt a n t o flic es a t h o me Fr o m 1 863 t o

of .

1 86 6 he w a s Sec r et a ry o f S t a te fo r W a r a n d fro m 1 868 t o ,

1 87 3 Lo rd Pr es id en t o f t he C o un c il He pres ided ove r .

t he fa mo us Al a ba ma C o mmi s s i o n a n d rec e i v ed a mar

u s s t i n rec o n i t i o n o f h is s e rv i c es S i n ce h is ret ur n t o
q e a e g .

E n g l a n d he h a s been F i r s t L o rd o f t h e Ad mi ra l ty ( in M r
,
.

G l a d s t o n e s s h o rt go v er n men t o f a n d fro m 1 892 t o

' ’

1 895 w a s Sec ret a ry o f S t a te fo r t he C o l o n i es He occ up i es .

a t t h e pr es en t mo men t ( 1 906) t h e o fli c e o f L o rd P ri vy Sea l

i n S ir H en ry C a mpbell B a n n er ma n s M i n i s t ry Alth o ug h
’
- . .

i n h is s ev en t y n i n t h yea r his i n t eres t in I n di a n q ues ti o n s

-
,

a n d h is i n fl uen c e upo n E n g li s h po liti c s c o n t i n ue un i m

p a i r ed .

( )
4 F r ed e ri c k H a mil t o n Templ e B l a c k w o o d , fi r s t Ma r

q ues s o f D ufieri n a nd Av a ,
V i c er o y a nd Go ver n o r - Gen e ra l
o f I n di a fro m 1 884 t o 1 888 : di ed i n 1 903, a ge d 75 .
682 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

A co py by M i s s
H a w k i n s fro m t he p a i n ti n g by Frank
H o ll R A w hi c h h a s been eng ra ved by W ehrschmidt
,
. .
,

A s t a t ue O f Lo rd D ufferi n erec t ed by p ubli c s ubsc ri ption .

s t a n d s a t t he h ea d o f t he R ed R o a d .

( )
5 Ch a rl es J o h n C a n n i ng s ec o n d V i s c o un t a nd fir ,
.

E a rl C a n n i n g : Go v e r n o r Ge n e r a l o f I n di a f ro m i - v

1 858 a n d fi r s t V i c er o y a n d Go ve r n o r G e n e r a l o f I ndia
,
-

fro m 1 859 t o 1 86 2 : c rea t ed a n E a rl o n M a y 2l s t 1 839 ,

bo r n 1 8 1 2 di ed 1 862, The pi c t ure w hi c h i s w ea kly pain:

.

c d i s t h e w o rk o f C A M o rn ew ic k bet t e r k n o w n a a
. .
,
s

ma ri n e p a i n t e r a n d w a / p roc ured by L o rd N o rt hbm

s ,

i n 1 87 5 .

6
( ) S i r
j ohn L a w ren c e ,
Ba r t .
,
V i c ero y a nd Go vernor
G en e r a l Of I n di a f ro m 1 864 t o 1 869 : r
c ea t e d Barm
L a w ren c e in 1 869 , on his ret i remen t bo r n 1 81 1 ,
di ed 1379

P a i n t ed by V a l C P rin s ep R A a n d pr oc ured throng?

. .
,
. .
,

t he S ec ret a ry o f S t a t e d uri ng Lo rd N o rt hbroo k s Vice

’

ro y a l t y in 1 87 5 .

7
( ) R i c h a rd S o ut h w ell B o urk e , E a rl o f Ma y o : V iceroy

a nd G o ve r n o r - G e n e ra l of I n di a fro m 1 869 t o 1 872 : assas

s i n a t ed a t P o rt B l a i r i n t he A n da ma n s i n 1 87 2 i n h is 515:
y ea r Thi s pi c t ur e hi c h is by M r eo rg
. w G,
e F Cl r
a k e and . .
,

w a s p a i n t ed i n 1 87 5 i s n o t a s ucc es s B ut t h e a r ti st had
,
.

n o t hi n g t o w o rk up o n ex c ep t ph o t o g r a ph s a nd s e v eral ,

a r t i s t s o f n o t e w h o w e re a ppro a c h ed d ec li ne d t o a tt e m pt

t he w o rk o n a c c o un t o f t he d i ffi c ul t y o f pro d c i
u n a $ 36 5 :

g
f a c t o ry li ken es s .

H a ng i n g l
a so in t hi s co rrid o r a re t he t w o l a t es t addi

i
t o n s to the G a ll e ry .
6 84 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

E n gl a n d h e ha s pres id ed o ver the So uth A fri c a n V V a r Co m

mi s s i o n a n d t he eq ua ll y i mpo rta n t Sc o tc h C h urc h es Com
m i s s i o n a n d he i s n o w ( 1 906) C o l on i a l Sec ret a ry a n d a mem
ber o f t he C a bi n et He w a s c rea ted a K n i ght o f t h e G a rt er
.

in 1 899 It w o uld be i mpo s s i ble t o d esc ri be h i m a s a

.

p o p u l a r V i c e r o y a n d i n d eed , h e m a d e n o eff o rt s t o s ec ure

s uc h a rep ut a t i o n A p o r t r a i t by a pri v a t e a d m i r e r has

.

been pres en t ed t o t he i n h a bit a n t s O f C a l c ut t a a n d h a ngs

i n t he To w n H a ll .

THE C O U N C I L C H AM B E R - .

In t h e C o un c il Ch a mber
-
a re t he fo ll o w i ng p o r t ra i t s

( )
1 S i r H en ry Ha rdin ge ,
Go v er no r G e n e ra l of
-

I nd ia fro m 1 844 t o 1 848 : r

c ea t e d Vi s c o un t H a rd i n ge of -

L a h o re Ki ng in t h e C o un t y o f D e rb y on
’
a nd of s N ew ton

M a y 2n d , 1 846 .

P a i n t ed by Geo rge F . Cl a rke a tef r S ir F r a n c i s G ra nt .

P R A
. . .

Thi s pi c t ure w a s proc ured by L o rd N o rt h b ro o k t h ro ugh

t he S ec ret a ry o f S t a t e i n 1 875 .

J a mes B r uc e eig h t h E a rl o f E lg in a n d t w elfth

( )
2 ,

E a rl O f Ki n c a rd i n e V i cero y a n d G o v ern o r G e n e ra l of
,
-

I n di a f ro m 1 862 t o 1 863 bo r n 1 81 1 di ed 1 863

.
.

Th i s is l
a so a pa i n t i ng by Geo rg e F . Cl a rk e a f t e r S ir F .

G ra n t P ,
. R A . .

He is repres e n t ed in dipl o ma ti c un ifo r m w i t h t h e S tars

o f t he Thi s t le a nd B a t h , t he Chi n a W a r Med a l , a n d the
ri bbo n o f t he Ba t h a c os sr his b rea s t .
 THE C O U N C I L -
C HAM B E R .

Th e pic t ure is a Co py o f a full l en gth po rtra i t in t he -

p o s s e s s i o n o f t he F ife C o un ty C o un c il a n d w a s pr oc ured
i n 1 87 5 d uri n g Lo rd N o rt hbroo k s V i c e ro y a l t y ’
.

B e fo re co mi n g to I n di a Lo rd E lg i n h a d fi ll ed t he
,

O ffi c es o f Go ve r n o r O f J a ma i ca a n d Go v e rn o r Gen er a l O f -

C a n a d a a n d h a d t w i c e c o n d uc t ed mi s s io n s t o Chi n a i n th e
c a p a c i t y o f Pl en i o t en t i a ry
p . H e w a s t h e so n o f t h e f a m o us

c o ll ec t o r O f t he E l g i n ma r bl es a n d fro m 1 859 t o 1 862, h e

,

fi ll e d t h e offic e o f P os t ma s ter G ene ra l in Lo rd P a l mers t o n s

’

fi r s t a d mi n i s t ra t i o n . His ten ure o f t he o ffi ce o f V i ceroy

O f I n di a w a s o f t h e s h o r t es t p o s s i bl e d ura ti on He d i ed .

a t D h a rms a l a in N o vember 1 863 i n t he mid s t o f a n ex

, ,

p l o ri n
g j o urn ey he h a d u n d e rt a k en fr o m S i m l a thr o ug h
t he mo un t a i n t r a c ts o f the P un j a b .

( )
3 R i c h a rd C o ll ey W ell es l ey s eco n d E a rl of M o rn in g
,

t o n a n d fi r s t M a rq ues s W elles ley K G

,
K P G o v er n o r
, . .
, . .
,

G en e ra l o f Fo r t W illi a m i n B en ga l fro m 1 798 t o 1 805 .

Thi s pi c t ur e w hi c h is bo t h full l eng t h a n d li fe s i z e i s

,
- -
,

pro ba bly by H o me a n d is p oo rly pa i n ted t he figure

, ,

h a v i n g a s t un ted a ppea ra nc e As in t he o th er pi c t ure

.

a l s o by H o me w hi c h fo r me rly h un g i n t he Thro n e roo m

,
-
,

a n d h a s n o w been a dd ed to t he V i c to ri a M e mo ria l Hall

c o ll ec t i on he is repre s en t ed a s w ea ri n g t w o S t a r s
, on e o f ,

t h em bei n g t he S t a r o f t he O rd e r O f S t P a t ri c k a n d t he
.

o t h er t he S t a r a n d J e w el o f Ti pp oo S ult a n o ri g i n a lly t en ,

dered to hi m by t he v ic to ri o us M y s o re A r my a n d s ubs e
q uen t ly pres en ted t o h im by t he C o urt O f D i rec to rs The .

l a t ter S t a r w a s fi r s t w o r n by him o n M a y 4t h 1 802 the ,

a n n i ve r s a ry o f t h e fa ll o f Se ri n g a p a t a m w h en th e grea t
,
686 C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .
L

a p a t men t s
r o f t h e n ew G o ver n men t H o use w e re p
O en ed
”
fo r t h e fi rs t t i me fr a me o n ei t h e r s i de are
. B el o w t he
fa s hi o n ed i n g il t w oo d t i gers hea d a n d t he rep re se n ta tion ’

o f a tig ers k in f es t oo n ed bet w een t h em p re s uma b ly a refe ,

r en c e t o t he d ea t h o f Tippo o S ul t a n t he Ti ge r o f M y sore , .

Supp o r t ed o n thi s is a n ellip tic a l w ood en p a n el p a i n t ed in

g o ld a n d m o n o c h r o me a n d d epi c t i ng a s fa r a s ca n be
, ,

j udged t he i n s t a ll er o f K ris h n a ra j a W a dia r i n w h o se per

, ,

s o n t h e Hi n d oo dy n a s t y O f M y s o re w a s res t o re d i n 1 7 99 .

It i s pp a ren t ly a s k etc h fo r a l a rge r pi c t ur e Th e

a .

a r t i s t i s un k n o w n O t h er p o r t r a i t s o f Lo rd W el l e s ley are
.

t o be fo un d i n t he C o un c il R o o m a t th e I n di a O ffi c e ( also -

by H o me but bel o n gi ng t o a di fferen t pe ri o d ) i n t h e en

,

t r a n c e t o t h e H a ll O f Ch ri s t Ch urc h O x fo rd a n d i n one , ,

o f t he c o rrid o r s o f in ds o r C a s tl e The l a s t n a m e d w as .
-

e x hi bi t ed by S i r Th o ma s L a w ren ce a t t he R o y a l A c a derm

i n 1 81 3 .

( )
4 R o bert L o rd C liv e , B a ro n ofPl a s sey : Go v e rn o r of
B en g a l fro m 1 758 t o 1 760 , a nd a ga i n fro m 1 765 t o 1 767 :
bo r n 1 7 25 di ed 1 7 7 4
, .

A h a lf l en g t h fig ure t he s i z e O f li fe
-
, , bo ldly p a i n t ed bi
D a n c e w i t h v e ry fo rc i bl e s h a d o w s .

A pi c t ure s i mil a r ,
in i
s ze —but di fferi ng in a tt i t ude and

in ba c k g ro un d is i n po s s es s i o n o f t he E a rl O f P o wis
,
. t he
-
.

In it a n en g a geme n t o f t r o o ps oc c upi es t he ba c kg ro und

a n d a c l o ud o f s mo k e i s s ues fro m behi n d t h e fig ure to

w a rd s t he ri gh t In t he p res e n t o ne t he ba c kg ro un d c on
.

s i s t s o f ri c h t r ees s urro un di n g a pi ec e O f w a t e r w i t h a dis

,

t a n t v i ew o f mo un t a i n s bey o n d Thi s p i c t ure ha s been .

688 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N ew .

Thi s is a fi ne p i c t ure A d a rk c urta i n o r t en t ex tends

.

a c o s s t he
r to p o f t he ca nv a s a n d han g s d o w n behind the

f ull l eng t h s t a n di n g figure O f t he Go vern o r General To -

.

t he ri g h t t he c ur t a i n i s ra i s ed s ho w i ng i n brilli a nt sun

s hi n e a c r o s s t he p l a i n a v i ew O f Se ri ng a pa t a m Groups .

o f I n di a n s a n d n a t i ve t roo p s ( the o ld M a d r a s Sepoy) and

B ri t i s h s o ldi ers occ upy t he middl e g ro un d : beyond arc

roc k s in w hi c h t en t r opes a re fix ed In t h e f urther di s
.

t a n c e t r oo ps a re i n mo ti o n a n d el ep ha n t s c a rryi ng lint

d ah s .

The pic t ure w a s pai n ted bv A W D evis a n d purchased

. . .

o n t h e oc c a s i o n o f Lo rd C o r n w a lli s d epa rture for England

’

i n 1 7 93 by p ubli c s ubs c ri pti on fo r tw en t y t h o usa nd Sine

,

r upees w hi c h a t t he t h en ra te o f ex c h a ng e a mounts 1?
, ,

Th er e i s th er po rtra it o f Lo rd Co rn w a lli s by J S
a no . .

C O p ley in t he G uild H a ll o f the City o f Lo n d o n and tha t ,

a re S t a t ues o f h i m i n t h e C a l c ut t a To w n H a ll a nd a lso 31

M a d r a s ( in t he F o rt ) a n d a t Bo mba y ( i n t he E lphinstont
Ci rc l e) .

7
( ) G i l be rt E lli o t L o rd M i n t o , G o ve rn o r G ene r a l -
of Fort
W illi a m in Beng a l fro m 1 807 t o 1 81 3 : c rea ted Earl of
M i n to on h is ret ur n fro m I n di a : di ed i n t he following
y ea r at t he a g e o f 63 .

P a i n t ed by Ch i n n e ry w ho res id ed in Calcum
Geo rge ,

fr o m 1 802 u n til 1 8 22 n ,
m
a d di ed a t M a c a o a bo ut the i d!“ r

o f t h e c en t ury h a v i n g s p en t n ea rly fi fty yea rs of h

, is life

i n I n di a a n d Chi n a .
 THE C O UN C I L -
C HA M B E R .

L o rd M i n to a s Si r G il bert E lli o t w a s o ne o f t he M a n a
,
‘

e m fo r t h e H o use o f C o mmo n s a t t he i mpea c h men t o f

V a rreu H a s ti n gs a n d in 1 7 83 he w a s d es i gn a t ed a s o n e
,

I
f t he Sev en Ki ngs o r P a rli a men t a ry D i r ec t o r s t o be

i n d e r t he pro v i s i o n s o f F o x s a bo r t i v e
’
L
pp o n t ed u I n di a

ti ll
. F ro m 1 7 94 t o 1 796 h e w a s V i c ero y o f C o r s i c a , a n d
n 1 7 9 7 h e w a s c rea t ed a pee r I t w a s h e w ho w h en mo v
.

ri g fo r t h e i mp ea c h men t o f S i r E lij a h I m ey i n 1 7 88 ve
p g a ,

he i ma g i n a t i v e a c c o un t O f N unc o ma r s e x ec uti o n w hi c h
’

ra s s o s kilf ully f o ll o w ed a n d i mpro ved upo n by M a c a ul a y .

1 is s o n Al ex a n d e r E lli o t a y o un g w ri t er w h o di ed i n I n di a
,

.t a n ea rly a g e i n 1 778 a n d w a s a n i n t i ma t e fri en d o f bo th

,

I a s ti ng s a n d Impey h a d in 1 775 a c ted a s i n terpr eter a t

,

l un c o ma r s t ri a l bei n g em i n en tly s kill ed i n t he P e r s i a n

’
,

n d Hi n do o s t a n ee l a n g ua g e W h en th irteen y ea rs l a t er
t fell t o th e lo t o f t h e fa th er t o pl a y s o p ro mi nen t a p a rt
h
’

g
. a i n s t t h e s o n s fri en d e f elt t h e p o s iti o n k een ly
, f or ,

n a l et te r w ri t t en t o h is w i fe i n 1 7 88, he s a y s : I n ev er
aw H a s t i n gs un t il t o d a y a n d h a d n o t fo r med a n y t hi n g
ike a j us t id ea o f h i m He l o o k s a s i f h e c o uld n o t li v e
.

. w ee k . I al w a y s feel un c o mfo r t a bl e in th e refl ec ti o n O f

[IS c o n n ec t i o n s w i t h Ali c k a n d I c a n no t s a I w i
, y a s n s e n
”
i bl e t o t he id ea o f s eei n g h im t o d a y Pri o r t o h is
-
.

.
pp o i n t m en t t o t he G o v e r n o r s hip o f I n di a h e h a d fi ll ed
,

he O ffi c es o f V i c er o y o f C o rs i c a d uri n g t h e s h o r t B ri t i s h
,

c c up a t io n o f t h e I s l a n d a n d Pre s id en t o f t he Bo a rd o f
,

Zo n t ro l . \V h e n he l a n d ed in I n di a i n 1 807 fi ft y y ea r s ,

x a c t ly h a d el a p s ed s i n c e t he B ri t i s h me rc h a n t s o f C a l

ut t a h a d bec o me s o v erei g n s o f B en g a l : a n d o ne O f h is
id es de c a mp w ho v i s i ted the ba ttl e fi eld o f Pl a s s ey i n
- - -

808 w a s c o n d uc t ed ov er t he r u d b w h o ha d
,
g o n y o n e
6 90 C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .
L

bee n an eye w t n es s
-
i Of t ha t memo r a bl e
i t y Ilis ad v c or .
-

mi n i s t r a t i o n w a s di s t i n g ui s h ed by t he ca pt ure o f the Isl:

O f B o ur bo n a n d M a uri t i us fro m the F re nc h i n 1 81 0 and

O f J a v a fr o m t he D utc h i n 1 81 0 : a n d th ese a c hi evements

a re c o mmemo r a t ed by Chi n n er i t h pi t u b f u
y n e c re e ore s

It w a s h e a l s o w h o d es p a tc h ed M et c a lfe t o Runjet
S i n g h s C o urt a t La h o re M a l c o lm t o Teh e ra n a d
’
i
, ,

M o un t s t ua r t E lphi n s to n e t o K a b ul w i t h t he o bj ec t 01 6 , ?

t a bli s h i ng fri en dly re l a t i o n s w i t h t h e s ev er a l p o w ers it

held t he k ey s o f t h e N o r t h W es te r n fro n t i er -
He died .

E n g l a n d i n J un e 1 81 4 o n ly a few w eek s a f t e r h is rent

, ,
.
"

fro m I n di a .

The re i s no rec o rd o f t he ma nn er in w hi c h t h i s port r .

‘

o f L o rd M i n t o by Chi n n er f u d i t s w a y i t o t h e co l lac
y o n n

t i o n : but i t ma y be id en ti fi ed w ith t he po r t r a i t brou l '

e
o ut t o J a v a i n M a y 1 81 3 by Hi s M a j es t y s fri a t e Ha s a
’
t '
, , g
t he v es s el w hi c h c o n v ey ed Lo rd M i n t o t o E ng l a n d l a ter

t h e y ea r . The des c rip t i o n o f t h e J a v a pi c t ur e a s gi t! ,

“

in t he C a lc ut ta Ga z ette o f Oc t ober 1 7 th 1 81 8 t a lli es et , ,

a c t ly w i t h th a t O f t h e Go v er n men t H o us e pi c t ure : and

h
t e e r w as m o r eo v e r n o re a s o n w h y a p o rtr a i t O f t h e E n f

li s h c o n q uero r o f J a v a s h o uld h e r a v e m a i d t
n e a B a ta r :

“
f
a te r t he r r i
es t o a t o n o f t h e i s l a n d t o t h e D u t c h a n d L :

w i t hdr a w a l o f S ir S t a m fo rd R a ffl e s t h e E n g
,
l i s h G o v e r n o r

a n d t he a r my O f oc c up a t i o n .

L o rd M i n t o w a s ex t r emely p o p ul a r in C a l c utt a d urin ‘

i
t he s x y ea r s O f h i s r es id en c e : a n d it i s s i n g ul a r t h a t t hef t

s h o uld be n o p ubli c memo ri a l o f h is a d mi n i s t r a t i on Then .

is i t i s t rue a s t a t ue i n a n i c h e o f th e g rea t c o urt ya rd o

, ,
f

t h e I n di a O ffi c e a n d t hi s p a i n t i n g a t Gov e r n men t House

,
 6 92 CA L C U TT A O LD AN D N EW.

di pl yed
s a W . h
h a t a s h a ppene d t o t hi s pi c t ure Th e con
?

t ex t p o i n t s t o i t s h a v i n g been O bt a i n ed by p ubl i c s ub s crip

t io n a n d i t i s n o t li kel y t h a t i t w a s pres en te d t o t h e t etir

i n g Go v er n o r Ge n er a l fo r i n th a t ca s e t he c i rc um s t a nce
-
,

mus t h a v e fo un d men t i o n in t he r epo r t o f t h e pr oc ee d i ngs .

In t he o rdi n a ry c o ur s e i t w o uld h a v e been pl a ce d i n s o me

p ubli c ro o m i n C a l c ut t a : but w he re ? It w i ll be n o t i ced
t h a t t h e po s ture i n t hi s s ec o n d pi c t ur e o f Chi n n e ry i s di ff

e re n t fr o m t h a t o f t h e Go ver n men t H o us e p a i n t i n g : so
th a t it w a s c l ea rly a s ep a ra t e w o rk o f t he a rt i s t The .

my s t e ry r ema i n s un s o l ved : a n d in v i ew o f t h e c i rc ums

t a n c e w hi c h h a s o n c e mo r e a s s oc i a t ed t he n a me o f M i nto

w i t h I n di a i t w ill be s een t h a t a S pec i a l i n t e res t a t t a c hes

,

to it .

T HE S E C R E TA R Y S R O O M
’
.

In t h e S ec ret a ry s R oo m s o ut h o f t he C o un c il C h a mbe
’
- r
,

a re t w o pi c t ur es The fi r s t i s a repres en t a t i o n o f t h e lyi ng

.

i h s t a t e o f L o rd M a y o i n t he M a rbl e Ha ll o f Go v e rn ment
-

H o use p a i n t ed by a L o c a l a r t i s t t h e l a t e M r A l ex a n der
, , .

C ddy d i p r r it f S i Ch a rl e s “ ood
'

E . a T h.e s e c o n s a o t a o r .

Ba tr Pr
. e s id e n t o f t h e B o a rd o f C o n t ro l fr o m 1 852 to
,

1 855 a n d Sec re t a ry o f S t a t e fo r I n di a fro m 1 859 t o 1 866

,
.

He a s c
w r e a t ed V i s c o un t H a li fa x i n 1 8 66 a n d di ed i n 1 885 .

i n h i s e i g h t y s i x t h y ea r - .

The pi c t ure i s a Co py by A . M o rn ew ic k a ft e r Geo rge

R i c h mo n d R A ,
. .
,
a nd w a s pres en ted by Lo rd N o rt h broo k .

S O U T H E A ST -
S O U T H VV E S T
-
CO R R I D O R S .

I n t he C o rrid o r of t he So ut h E a s t -
w i n g o n t he sec o nd
 N O R TH- W E S T C O R R ID O R .

floor a nd in rrid o r o f t he So uth W es t w i n g o n t he

t he c o -

fi r s t fl oo r a re a s eri es o f o r t ra it s O f t he member s o f t he
,
p
M y s o re fa mily mo s tly p a i n ted a t Seri ng a p a t a m o r a t
,

V e ll o re i n 1 801 by T H i c k ey a n a rti s t w ho res id ed i n t

.
, he
M a dra s Pres id en c y a n d pa i n t ed a n umber o f pi c t ures c o n
n ec t ed w i t h t he d o w n fa ll O f Ti T h m l
pp oo e o s t n o t a.b e

a m o n g th es e is t he r e pr es en t a t i o n o f Pri n c e G h o l a m M u

h a mma d , t he ei g hth s o n o f Ti p po o w h o v i s i ted ,

E n g l a n d in 1 854 : a n d w a s t he b uild er o f t he h a n d s o me
m o s q ue w hi c h s t a n d s a t t he c o r n e r o f Ben t i n c k S t reet a nd
D h urumt o lla h Th es e My s o re pi c t ures w e re fo r merly i n
.

G o v e r n men t H o us e B a rr a c kp o re a n d w e re t r a n s fe rr ed
, ,

h e re un d er t he o rd ers o f L o rd D uffe ri n .

In t he pri v a te dra w i n g ro o m o f Her E x c ell en c y is a

-

p i c t ure o f her l a t e M a j es ty p a i n t ed by An geli i n t he l a t er

,

y e a r s o f h er lif e Thi.s i s a f a cs i mil e o f t h e o n e di s pl a y ed

a t t h e Pr oc l a ma t i o n D ur ba r a t D elhi i n 1 87 7 .

N O R T H VV E ST -
CO R R I D O R .

In t he rrid o r o f t he N o rt h V\ es t w i ng o n the fi r s t fl o o r
'

co -

a re t hr ee pi c t ures t he mo s t i n t e re s t i n g bei n g a v i ew o f
,

t h e Ta j M a h a l a t Ag r a by \V i l li a m H o d g es R A w ho ,
. .
,

t r a v ell ed in I n di a fr o m 1 7 7 7 t o 1 784 ; a n d w h o s e c o ll ec t i o n

o f I n di a n v i ew s a q ua t i n t ed by hi mse l f i s w e ll k n o w n
,
-
,
-
.

A n o t h er i n t eres ti ng pi c t ure i n t he s a me w i n g i s t he po r
t r a i t O f A k ba r S h a h E mper o r o f D elhi fr o m 1 806 t o 1 837
, ,

a n d s uc c es s o r o f S h a h Al um t he b li n d o,l d S o v ere i gn w h o m

L o rd L a k e r es t o red t o h is p uppet th ro n e a fte r t h e b a t t les

o f Ali ga rh a n d L a s w a rree The p a i n t i ng w a s fo r merly
.
6 94 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

in t h e pa la c e of t he l a te ex -
Ki n g Of O udh w ho died at
G a rd e n R ea c h i n 1 887 : p urc h a s ed i n 1 890 A
a nd w as .

repr o d uc t i o n i n c h ro mo li t h o g r a phy o f a s i m ili a r por

-

t r a i t w i ll be fo un d i n S ir “ i lli a m S leema n s R a mbl es and

’ ’

R ec o ll ec t i o n s o f a n I n d ia n O ffic i a l p ubli s h ed i n 1 84 4 ,
.

G R O U N D F LO O R .

O n t h e g r o un d fl o o r a t t he fo o t o f t he N o r t h E a s t st air -

c a s e is a p o r t r a i t o f S h e i kh K a ri m B uk s h burr a Khan
sa mma h h ea d B ut l er a t Go v er n ment H o us e f ro m 1 849
or

t o 1 87 7 His t e r m o f s e r v i c e w hi c h c o mmen c ed w i t h Lord

.

D a lh o us i e a n d e n d ed w i t h L o rd Ly t t o n ex t en d ed o ver the
a d mi n i s t r a t i o n s O f s ev e n V ic e ro y s .

In t h e di n i n g ro o m o n t h e g r o un d fl oo r i s a h a l f l ength
-

f ul l s i z ed p o r r
t a it o f M a h a r a j a h B e e r Ch u n d e r D e b B a rm an .

h l
t e a te r ul e r O f H il l T ipp e r a h w hi c h ,
i s i n t e r es t i n g f ron

t h e c i rc um s t a n c e t h a t it is p a i n t ed by hi m s el f There i .
s

a s ec o n d p o r t r a i t o f h i m p a i n t ed by h is s o n t h e Bum
,

Th a ko o r i n t h e C o rri d o r o n t he G ro un d F l oo r o f the
,

s o ut h ea s t w i n B t h t h p a i t i w r pr t d d u r
g o e n n
g s e e e se n e
-
.

i n g t h e V ic ero y a lty o f L o rd D uff eri n .

In t he g ro und s a re s ev e a r l j
hi s to ri ca l i n terest
o b ec t s of

O n t he S o ut h s id e i s a fi n e b r a s s 32 p o un d e r t a k e n from -
,

t h e S ikh s a t Ali w a l a n d bea ri n g a n i n s c rip t i o n i n Gur

—
mukhi o u ei t h er s id e is a br a s s h o w i t z er c uri o us l y orna ,
‘

m en t ed w i t h t i ge r s h ea d s a n d c l a w s t a k en a t Seri nga
’ r

pa ta m .

Th e re is a ls o a no t h er re m a rk a bl e t ro phy on t he N orth
 C H AP T E R X I .

TH E H I GH CO U RT .

A L ITT L E t o t he w es t o f t h e To w n
H ll a ,
a nd a l mos t at tlv
'
.

j u n c t i o n o f E s pl a n a de w es t w i t h t h e S t r a n d Road

s ta n d s t h e H i g h C o ur t an ,
i mpo s i n g buildi ng in the
t hi c s t yl e o f a rc hi t ec t u r e T h e f o u n d a t i o n s w e re la ii
g o .

i n M a rc h 1 864 a n d t he w o rk O f c o n s t ruc t i o n c omplete

, ,

in M ay , 18 7 2 . T o t h e l a t e M r W a
. l t e r G r a n v ill e t lr,

Go e v r n m e t
n A r c hi t ec t m u ,
s t b e a c c o rd e d t h e c r e d i t o f t h e

d es i g n w hi c h in i t s gen er a l id ea w o uld a ppea r to has

bee n i n s pir ed by t h e To w n H a ll a t Ypres The building
.

o c c upi es t he s i t e o f t h e o ld S upreme C o urt w hi ch stood

up o n t he w es t er n p o rt i o n o n ly a n d o f th r ee priva te nesr
,

den c es r ega rdi n g w hi c h a

,
w o rd o r t w o m a y be s ai d I f
.

t h e e a s t o f t he S up reme C o ur t w h i c h a s e rec ted

,
w b efo r e:

1 7 80 a n d 1 7 84 a n d o f w hi c h i t w a s s a id t h a t t here W
,
E

n o t i n t he w h o l e t o w n a mea n er buildi n t e r n al l y t he r!
g e x ,

ra n a n a rr o w g ully a n d t o t h e ea s t o f t h a t a g a i n w a s t h t
,

h o us e o f L o n g uev ille Cl a rk e w h o s e n a me ha s alrea d ‘

.
,

p a s s ed i n t o t he c a t eg o ry o f fo rgo t ten th i ng s a th g l o u h h !
,

di d a re
e s c e n t ly a s 8 3 B ut h e d es e r ves c o mmemo
1 6 . ra tif r I

a s a f a mo us a d v oc a t e O f t h e t hi rt i es a n d fo r ti es a nd o n !

o f t h e l ea d i n g fi g ures i n t h e p ubli c a n d s oc i a l life of ill!

C a l c ut t a o f h is da y W e h a ve a l rea dy en c o un tered h
.
it“

i n t h es e p a g es a s t he f a t h e r O f t h e C a l c ut t a Ic e H ou s e .

a n d h e w a s a l s o t he fo un d er O f t he B a r Li br a ry in JIM

1 825 a n d o n e o f t he mo s t pr o mi n e n t mo v er s i n the estab

'

,
 T HE H IG H C O URT .

lis hmen t of t he M et ca lfe H a ll in 1 838 . N ex t t o h is h o us e ,

a nd a t t he c o rn e r pl a n a d e a n d O ld P o s t O ffic e
of t he E s

St reet li v ed in t he fi fti es M r W illi a m M a h e rs o n M a s te r

, . .
,

o f t he S upr eme C o ur t a n d b r o t h e r o f t h a t di s ti n ui s he d
g
l a w yer S ir Art h ur G eo rge M a c ph ers o n w ho w a s a J ud ge
, ,

o f t he H i h C o ur t fr o m 1 864 t o 1 87 7 B e hi n d hi m i n
g .
,

O ld P o s t O fli c e S t r eet i t s elf a n d s t ill o n l a n d n o w c o v e red

,

by t he Hi gh C o ur t w a s t he res id en c e o f S i r J a mes W ill i a m

,

C o lv ile w h o s e c o n n ec t i o n w i t h t he S upreme C o urt w a s

,

three fo ld fo r h e w a s A d v oc a te G en e r a l i n 1 846
,
p ui s n e
-
,

J ud ge fr o m 1 848 t o 1 855 a n d s uc c es s o r o f S i r L a w ren c e

,

Peel a s Chi ef J us t i c e i n t h e l a s t n a med y ea r The S u .

r em C u r t it m u s t b e a dd ed in d e fen c e o f t h a t i n s t it u
p e o ,

ti o n ,
w a s mo re i m p o s i n g i ns id e t h a n o ut O n t he uppe r .

flo o r w a s t h e G ra n d J ury R o o m w h ere t h a t di g n i fi ed bo dy ,

met t o t hr o w o ut t he i n di c t men t s pr es e n t ed t o t h em o r t o
ret ur n a t r ue bill D o w n s t a ir s w a s t he C o ur t r o o m w h er e
.
-
,

th e i r L o rd s hip s s a t t o d et e r mi n e t he q ua rr el s o f t h o s e

th a t d w e l t w i t hi n t h e li mi t s o f t he M a hr a t t a D i t c h And .

.n o n e o f t h e ma n y r oo ms i n t h e buildi n g w e r e t he c h a m

J e rs o f S i r \V ill ia m J o n es w ho s uc c eed ed Le M a i s t r e a s a
,

l g
u d e o f t h e C o ur t i n 1 7 83 a n d di e d i n C a l c ut t a i n April ,

7 94 I t is s a id t o h a v e bee n h is h a bi t t o w a lk t o t h e
'

N e w C o urt H o us e e v e ry mo r n i n g f ro m t h e q ui et

run g a lo w a t G a rd e n R ea c h w h e r e he s pe n t h is ev en i n gs
,

wi t h p un di t s a n d moo n s h ees a n d c o rres p o n d ed w i t h J o h n

On
. a n d B urk e A t B h o w a n ipo re i n t he buildi n g t o t h e
.
,

o ut h o f t he ra c e c o ur s e w hi c h i s n o w us ed a s t he M ili
-
,

a ry H o s pi t a l w a s l o c a t ed t he C o mp a n y s a pp ell a t e t ri
’
,

un a l bo t h c i v il a n d c ri mi n a l w i t h j uri s di c t i o n o v e r t he
,

es t O f t h e Pres id en c y a n d k n o w n a s t h e S udd er Ad a w l ut .
69 8 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

A w o rd or t w o re g a rdi n g t h ese i h ed C o urt s may not

va n s

be w i t h o ut i n te res t .The S upreme C o urt w a s erect ed bv

t h e c el ebr a t ed Ch a r te r o f t he 26t h M a rc h 1 7 7 4 a nd con , ,

s i s t ed o f a Chi e f J us t i ce a n d th ree p ui s n e J ud es s u
g b st ,

f
q u en t ly i n pr a c ti c e r ed uc e d t o t w o It w a s
. a C o u rt o

Ch a n c ery a n d a C o ur t o f Ki n g s Benc h in o ne a n d pos

’
,

e s s ed i n a ddi t i o n e x c l us i v e c ri mi n a l j uri s di c t i o n w i thi n th e

t o w n o f C a l c ut t a a s w ell a s a cert a i n ge n er a l j urisdic

t i o n t hr o ug h t he Pr es id e n c y o f Fo r t W illi a m w hi c h migh
‘

be fo un d ed o n t he p e r s o n a l s t a t us o f t he d e fen d a n t o r m:
c ed e d by a g ree men t o f p a r t i e s .The l ea di g p rpo e
n u s fo r

w hi c h t he C o ur t w a s i n s t i t ut ed w as t o p r o t ec
,
t th e n a t iv e

f r o m o ppres s i o n a n d t o g i v e I n di a t h e be n efit s
,
o f E n g lis E

i n o th er w o rd s t h a t a rea dy ma de s ub s t a n t i ve bed
"
la w ,
-

o f la w in t he ma i n c o i n c id e n t w i t h t he pri n c ipl es o f EL E
‘

li s h Co m m on La w a d
n E q uity s h o uld be i r d
, n t o uc e d i n f?

t h e n ew s et tl emen t o f C a lc ut t a a n d be c a rri ed i
,
n t o a ll o t!

by a pro fe s s i o n a lly t r a i n ed C o ur t o f c o o rdi n a t e r - a n k m l

t h e S up e ri o r C o ur t s o f “ e s t mi n s te r H a ll d t h
’ a t
a n ,
.

t h r o ug h t he a uth o ri t y a n d po w e r o f t h i s c o ur t in dep e n d cfi
,

o f t h e l o c a l Go v e r n men t a ll E n g li s h me n t h r o ugh o u t tb t
,

c o un t ry w h et h e r o ffi c i a l o r o th er s h o uld ,
be re n d e rtf
,

res po n s i bl e fo r t h ei r r el a t i o n s a n d be h a v i o ur t o t h e na t i"

p o p ul a t i o n a c c o rdi n g t o t h o s e pri n c i pl es .

O n t he w h o l e , i n pi t e o f c e rt a i n ea rly e x t r
s a ag
v anciei

t he C utr di h r d i t v e ry d i fii c ul t a n d e x a l ted d ‘
o sc a g e s .

w i t h g oo d t emp e r a nd s uc c es s The li s t f t J g
. o i s ud e

fro m S i r E lij a h I mpey to S ir Ba rn es P ea coc k con ta ins

,

n a me s w hi c h s t a n d di s t i n
g u i s h ed o n t h e r o l l o f t he E n g
l is h B a r : a n d i t is h a rdly t oo muc h t o s a y t h a t t he Snp rt m f ‘
7 00 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D n ew .

pr a c t i c e ; a nd i t ma y be s a id t h a t th ese s t ill c o n s t i tute th

g r o u n d w o rk
-
o f t h e M o f us s il s y s t e m o f a d m i n i s t ra tion r

j us t i c e Tw o y ea r s a f t erw a rd s t he s uperi n ten dence

.
,

t hi s C o ur t w a s o n a r es o l uti o n o f t h e H o me Leg i s l atur

,
:

re a s s ume d
-
by t he G o ve r n o r G ene r a l a n d Co unc il 1
- .

1 801 it w a s e n a c t ed t h a t t h e C o ur t o f S udde r Dewar

,

Ad a w l ut s h o uld c o n s i s t o f t hree J ud ge s n a mely a Cl r , ,

'

J ud ge t o be sel ec t ed fro m t he membe r s o f t he Supren

,
'

C o un c il a n d t w o P ui s n e J udges t o be s el ec t ed from th
, ,

c o ve n a n t ed c i v il s erv a n t s o f t he C o mp a n y An d in l é .
n

i t w a s fo un d i n c o n v en i en t t h a t ev en t h e o flice o f 01
J ud g e s h o uld be h eld by a member o f t he S upreme Cora
c il,
a n d t he G o ve r n o r G en e r a l in C o un c il w a s d i rected n
-

s e l ec t t h a t o ffi c e r fr o m a mo n g t he c i v il c o v e n a n t ed s erum

o f t h e C o mp a n y n o t bei n g membe r s o f t h e S upre me C w

,

ci l
. T s a a n ge men t
hi rr w a s a f t e rw a rd s a g a i n c h a ngt

a n d a g a i n o n o e mo r e re e s t a bli s h e d -
An d a t t h e t ime i
.

t he un i o n o f t h e t w o C o ur t s i n 1 86 2 t h e S udd e r Del a ,

Ad a w l ut c o n s i s te d o f fo ur J udg es i n a ll a n eq ua l numtt ,

pres idi n g o v e r t he S udd e r N i z a mut Ad a w l ut .

A t t he o ut s e t , i n 1 7 7 2, t he w o rk t he M o f us s il Couf
'

of
'

w a s n ec es s a rily s o mew h a t c r ud e The a dmin is t ra tior

.

j us t i c e un d er t he n ew s y s tem s eems h o w ev er to h , ,
”

r a pidly i mpr o v ed a n d t h ere c a n be n o d o ubt i t w as m i

s a t i s f a c t o ry t o t he p eo pl e t h a n t h a t un d er t he n a t ive r
t

"
G r a d ua lly t oo t h e ed uc a t i o n a n d e x a m pl e a ffo rded i n
, ,

By d eg r ees the met

k
S upre me C o ur t h a d t h ei r effec t .
.

a nd pr a c t i c e d ev e l o ped un d e r t he s upe rin t en denoe

di rec t i o n o f t he S udd e r Ad a w l ut a s s i m il a t ed i t self th ,

i m pe r fec t ly t o t he E uro pea n mo d el ; a n d a f t er more

,
 T HE HIG H C O U R T .

y ea r s ex peri en c e it w a s j udged bes t t o revert t o t he

’

m w hi c h h a d c o mmen d ed it s elf t o H a s ti n gs a n d t o ,

c c t h e d o ubl e ma c hi n ery un d e r w hi c h j us t i c e w a s
n i s t e red by o n e c o mpreh e n s i v e o rga n i z a t i o n con ,

d b y a n E n g li s h ba rri s t er a n d l a rgely c o mpo s ed o f

=

s s i o n a l i n g r edi en t s
e
.

ie H i g h C o ur t o f J ud ic a t une a t Fo r t W illi a m in B en
t o g i v e i t it s f ull t i t l e w a s a c c o rdi ng ly c o n s t i t ut ed by
,

ers P a t en t o n t h e 1 4th M a y 1 862 by v i r t ue o f t he

, ,

ers c o n fe rred by a s t a t ut e o f t h e pr ec edi n g y e a r

( 24
3 V i c t o ri a c a p ,
. The fi r s t Ch i e f J us ti c e S ir ,

i es P ea c oc k a n d t w el ve p ui s ne J ud es w ere n a med i n
, g
Let t e r s P a ten t At t he s a me t i me t he S upreme C o ur t
.
,

t he S udd er N i z a m ut Ad a w l ut a n d S udd er D ew a n i

w lut w er e a bo li s h ed O f t he N ew H i g h C o urt
.

i h r h x i s t i n g j ud g es o f t h e C o mp a n y s
’

z e s e g
,
t w e e t e e

ts a nd o f
,
t h e r ema i n i n g fo ur tw o Si r Cha rl es
, ,

:s on a n d S i r M o rd a un t W ell s w e re member s o f t he
,

reme C o urt a n d M r J o h n P a x t o n N o rma n a n d M r

,
. .

lter M o rg a n ( a ft e r w a rd s Chi ef J us t i ce of M a dr a s ) w e r e
a ted fr o m t h e B a r
'

'

po n t h e n ew
ly c r ea t ed H i g h C o urt w ere c on ferred a ll
-

pow er s a n d a ut h o ri t i e s o f t h e a bo li s h ed C o ur t s : a n d
fres h Lett er s P a t e n t o n t he 28t h D e c ember 1 865 , ,

her pro v i s i o n w a s ma d e rega rdi n g t h e j uri s di c ti o n o f

Court .

pres en t t i me is c o n s t i tuted o f a Chi ef

’

he Co ur t at the

i
t ce a n d fo ur teen P ui s n e J ud ges t he f ull n umber a u
,

rized by t he L et t e r s P a t en t bei n g fi fteen O f t hes e .

 702 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

t he Chi ef J us t i c e a n d s ix J udg es a re Ba rri sters three ,

bein g member s o f th e l oc a l B a r a n d t h ree a ppointed from

E n g l a nd F i v e o f t h e re ma i n d er a re members of the
.

Co v en a n t ed Ci v il S e rv i c e a n d t hree a re n a t i ve gentle
,

men ( H i n d us ) w h o w ere l ea di n g V a k eel s o f the Court

Th ey a re a ll eq ua l i n reg a rd t o j udi c i a l a ut h o ri ty and dutv
but t he Chi ef J us ti c e is h ea d o f t h e C o ur t a nd has ,

c o n t r o l o f t he es t a bli s h men t i n it s v a ri o us br a n ches If

' '
e
.

P ui s n e J ud g es r a n k a f ter h i m a c c o rdi n g t o t he order f

t h ei r r es p ec t i v e a pp o i n t men t s The pres en t Chi ef Justin

.

is Si r F r a nc i s W illi a m M a c l ea n K C I E w ho u
“

. . .
,
.
,

a pp o i n t ed i n 1 896 His Lo rd s hip s a t i n P a rli a ment fro:

.

1 885 t o 1 89 1 a s me mbe r fo r th e W oo d s t oc k di vi sion 4

O x fo rd s hir e a n d fr o m 1 89 1 t o 1 89 6 h eld t he office
M a s t er i n L un a c y in E ng l a n d .

Th e g e n er a l j uri s di c t i o n o f t h e C o urt e x tends our

B en g a l pr o pe r Beh a r O ri s s a Ch o t a N a g po re a nd Assam
, , ,

th s
u c o v eri n g a n a r ea o f a bo ut s q u a re m il es (La

a n a rea a p r o x i ma t e ly fo ur t i mes t h t o f E n gl and

p a

W a l es ) w i t h a po p ul a t i o n o f s o me 80 m il li o n s of people
,

Th i s j uri s di c t i o n is l a rgely d mi n i s tr a t i v e a s
a w el l
j udi c i a l bec a us e i n t he a bs en c e o f a G o v e rn men t a l Depar .

me n t of j us tice ,
muc h of t he ma n a g e men t o f the Lot :

C o ur t s is en t r us t ed t o t he H i gh C o ur t .

Fo r a d mi n i s t ra t i ve w o rk
rt a c t s
,
t he c o u by c o mmittees

a n d t h e s upe rv i s i o n o f t he s ubo rdi n a t e c i v il j udician i '

us ua lly en t r us t ed t o o n e o f t he c i v ili a n j ud ges w ho p r

e si

d es o v er w h a t is k no w n a s t he E n gli s h D ep a rt men t .

The j udi c i a l wo rk di v id es it s elf bro a dly i n to w

t o c ass s. l '
 CA CL UTTA O LD AN D N E W .

g a rden a n d a fo un t a i n The pri nc ipa l s t a i rc a s e w il l be

.

fo un d in t he t ow er It is o f fin e pro po r t i o n s a n d the
.

s t a t ue o f Si r E d w a rd Hyd e E a s t ( w hi c h ha s a lre a d y c o me

un d e r o ur n o t i c e in t h e c h a p t e r o n t he s t a t ue s o f C a lc ut ta :
oc c upi es a pr o mi n en t pl a c e a t t he h ea d o f t he fi r s t fli ht
g
o f s t ep s . To t he ea s t o f t he q ua dr a n g l e i n O l d Post ,

O fii c e S t reet is t he c a rri a ge en t ra n c e fo r t h e p ublic :

,

w hil e t h ere a re pri v a t e en t ra n c es fo r t he J ud g es o n the

w es t a n d t h e ea s t A n ew bl oc k i s i n c o urs e o f co n s t n x
.

t i o n o n t he n o rt h w hi c h i t is i n t en d ed to d ev o t e to a m
,

S es s i o n s C o ur t a d a J ury
n R oom — t he l a t t er a c o n vem

ien c e repres en t ed by t he menes t ma kes hi f t in t he p resen:

bui ldi ng . O n t he gro un d fl oo r o f t he ex i s t i n g s t ruc tura
a re v a ri o us o ffi c es i nc l udi n g t h e c o ur t o f t he M a s t e r and

O fiic ia l R efer ee a nd a ba rred ro o m o n t he s o ut h in w hich

pri s o n er s a w a i t i n g t hei r t ri a l a t t he Ses s i o n s a re d e t a i ned
"

O n t he fi rs t fl oo r a re t he C o ur t s ( o n t he s o ut h ) t h e J udges ,

pri v a te roo ms (o n t he n o rt h ) t he J ud ges Li bra ry ( o n tb

,
’
s

w e s t ) t h e B a r Li br a ry ( o n t he ea s t ) t he Pl ea d e r s a n d the
'

, ,

At t o r n ey s Li br a r i es ( in t he n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r ) a n d
’
-

o ffi c es o f t he R eg i s t r a r s o n t he A pp ell a t e a n d

s id es, t he fo r me r o n t he w e s t a n d t h e l a tt er n e x t

B a r Li br a ry O n t h e upp er fl o o r a re v a ri o us o di
.

e l ud in g t h o s e o f t he Cl e rk o f t he Cr o w n t h e C o urt R eece
,

“er a n d t he L eg a l R eme mb r a n c er t he ba rri s t ers lun

‘

c h eo n r oo m a n d t h e Ad v o c a t e Gen e ra l s c h a mbe rs
’
- -
, .

The C o ur t s a re ei gh t in n umbe r Seven o f them.

o n t he s o ut h er n s id e o f t h e q ua d ra n g l e a n d t he ei gh t h w

i s o c c upi ed by t h e C ri mi n a l Appell a t e Be n c h is o n ,

n o rt h in c l o s e pro x i mi t y t o t he J ud ges roo ms

’
, .
 rm:
“
me n c o unt . 705

on s hi c h is a l s o used a s a Ci v il C o ur t o f fi rs t
C ourt w

1 06 18 a t t h e so uth ea s t e r n c o r n er
-
F a c i n g t he Ben c h .

e n o t i ced t he d oc k
' t he pl a tfo r m o f w hi c h s lid es ba c k
,
.

l er t o a d mi t t he pri s o n er w ho is bro ug h t up t hro ug h

rc ies o f t r a p d oo r f ro m th e d et en t i o n ro o m bel ow
- -
.

s t a t ed t i mes
y ea r Cri mi n a l Ses s i o n s a re h eld
i n t he , ,

w hi c h o n e o f t he J ud ges pre s id e s in h is sc a rl et ro bes .

o f t he c us t o ms o f t he d a y s o f t he o ld S upreme C o urt

ap t up The J udge ma rc h es in s o le mn proc es s i o n t o

.

his s e a t prec ed ed by t he S h e ri ff o f C a l c ut t a a n d t he
t y S h e ri fl a n d a t t en d a n t s c a rryi n g t he ma c e a n d
'

l t he a n c h o r o f V i c e Ad mi r a l t y a n d o t h e r i n s i g n i a o f
,
-

a n d a c c o mp a n i e d by j a v eli n men The proc eedi n g s -

.

J e n ed e v e ry da y by t h e f o ll o w i n g pr oc l a ma t i o n re ,

1 t h ree t i mes i n a l o ud v o i c e by t he ma r s h a l o f t he
O y ez ! O y ez ! O y ez ! All pe r s o n s t h a t h a v e a n y
t o d o be fo re my L o rd t he Ki ng s J us t i c e o f O y e r a n d
’

n e r a n d gen e r al a o l d eli v ery a n d a t th es e Ad m i r a l t y

g
in s d ra w n ea r a n d g i ve y o ur a t t en d a n c e O y ez ! .

”
O y ez '

r
t h e ea s te n w a ll o f t he S es s i o n s C o urt h a n gs a po rt
S i r H e n ry R us s ell B a r t fo ur t h Chi e f J us t i c e o f t he
,
.
,

m e C o ur t ro bed in red , It w a s p a i n te d by Chi n n ery

.

3 S i r H en ry R us s ell s uc c eed ed S i r W i lli a m D un ki n

.

di e d i n C a lc ut t a ) a s a p ui s n e J ud ge o f t he c o ur t in
H e w a s pro mo t ed t o t h e o ffi c e o f Chi e f J us t i c e in
o n t h e re t i re me n t o f S ir J o h n A n s t r ut he r a n d ,

d un t il 1 81 3 w he n he w a s fo ll o w ed by S i r E dw a rd
,

E a s t It is t o be fea red t h a t Si r H en ry R us s ell s e mi

’
.

a s a J udge s t a n d s i n d a n ger o f ec lip s e by h is rel a

45
706 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N E W .

t io n s h ip t o R o s e Ayl me r w h o s e f a me is ca rv ed a s i t we
in i v o ry o r in gems i n L a n do r s t o uch i n
’

g e l egy fl .
’

w ell k n o w n en try in t h e C a lc ut ta Ga z et te fo r t h e fix
-

w eek o f M a rc h 1 800 h a s been o ften q uo t ed b ut it

, , ,

bea r o n e mo re repet i t i o n . O n S un d a y l a s t at d ,

h o us e o f her un c l e S i r H en ry R us sell i n t he bloo m

, ,

y o uth a n d po s s es s i o n o f every a cc o mpli s h men t t h a t and

l dd r e mbelli s h life d epl o red by he r rel a t i ve s a:
'
o
g a e n ,

reg r ett ed by a s oc i ety o f w hi c h s he w a s t he brigh t es t o

”
men t t he Ho n ble M i s s Ayl mer
,
’
The t a pe ri n g c oluz
. .

ma y s t ill be s een w h i c h ma rk s h er l a s t re s ti ng p l a ce in n -

o ld b uryi n g g r o un d i n P a rk S tree t a n d t he re a d e r w ill in

-
,

t h a t i t h a s rec ei v ed it s due meed o f c o mme mo ra t i o n wh

h e c o mes t o v i s i t t h a t d es ert o f d ea t h w i t h i t s pin

memo ri es a n d i t s rec o rd o f te n d ern es s a n d g ra n d

’
a n d g ri ef . S ir H en ry R us s el l s r el a t i o ns hi p w i t h R 4
W hi t w o r t h Ayl mer w a s t hro ugh h is fi r s t w i fe Th e for ? .

Lo rd Ayl mer a n d he w ere ma rri ed t o s i s ter s o f E a rl “b

w o r t h t he B ri t i s h A mba s s a d o r a t P a ri s w ho w a s puhl q
, ,

i n s ul t ed by N a p o l eo n a ft er t he pea ce o f Amie n s 134 .

Chi ef J us ti c e s h o us e in C a lc utta w a s in t he s t ree t whi t

’

n o w be a r s h is n a mle a n d tr a diti o n l a ces i t o n t h e SL

j ‘
‘

, p
n o w oc c u i ed b N 1 2 d 1 3 w h r S i B P
p y os . a n e e
, r a rn es r

c oc k a n d J o h n P a x t o n N o r ma n li ved a f t er h i m .

h is y o un ges t d a ug h t er R o s e Ayl me r i n mem

n i ec e ,
a n d n o t w ith s t a n d i ng v a g ue s ugge s t i o n s w him

s ee mi n g ly t o t h e c o n tr a ry in L a n do r s
p oe m ’
A b er t a v

t h ere c a n be n o d o ubt h e w a s muc h a t t a c h ed t o hr

Three o f h is s ix s o n s en t ered t he C o mpa n y s s en t

’ "

H en ry ( 1 783 w h o s ucc eede d h is fa t h er i n 1 836

t he ba ro n etc y w hi c h w a s c o n ferr ed upo n h i m i n 1 81 2 u ,

”
.
708 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW.

Ch un d e r M it ter s ten ure o f o fii c e o f a c ti ng C hie f J us tice

’

i n 1 882 h a s a mply d emo n s t ra t ed t h eir fit n es s t o o c cupy

ev en t he c h a i r O f I mp ey a n d R y a n a n d P ea c oc k N or .

c o uld t h e r e be a bet t e r tes ti mo n y t o t h e ma nn er i n w him

I n di a n J udg es h a v e di s c h a rged t h e t r us t repo s ed i n tha n

t h a n t he h o n o ured r eme mb r a n c e i n w hi c h t he n a m es a re

h eld o f D w a rk a N a t h M i t t er i n C a l c ut t a R a n a de Tya bf
, , ,
.

a nd Tel a n g in B o m ba y M a h mo o d in All a h a b a d a rr-

,
i ,

M ut t us w a my A iy a r i n M a d ra s : w hil e a mo n g t h o s e retire:
J udges w h o a re yet li v in g S ir Goo r oo D a s s B a ne rj ee and
M r A meer Ali a re rega rd ed a s t h e l ea di ng a ut h o ri t i es ups:
. .

H i n d oo a n d M uh a mma d a n la w .

’
At t he en d o f rrid o r is t he Chi ef J us t i ce s Co urt
t he c o .

w h i c h c o rres p o n d s i n di men s i o n s t o th e Ses s i o ns C o urt s;

t he O pp o s i t e ex t r em i t y The w a ll s a re p a n ell ed a n d the

.
,

R o y a l a r ms a bo v e t he Chi ef J us ti c e s c h a i r i mpa rt a n m:
’

O f di g n i t y w hi c h w ill s t rik e t he v i s i t o r a s s o mew h a t lack

i n g i n t he o t h e r C o ur t s .

On t he w es t ern w a ll fa c i n g
,
t he B en c h , a re t h ree fine
p o rt ra i t s .O n t he l eft is t ha t O f S i r J o h n A n s t ruthu .
i

B a r t w h o fo llo w ed S i r R o bert Ch a mber s a s Chi ef J ust in

.
,

o f t h e S upr e me C o ur t i n 1 7 98 a n d mo r e fo rt un a t e t he:

s o me o f h i s s uc c es s o r s h eld t he O ffice fo r n ea rly eigl:

,

y ea r s The G ra n d J ury o n t he 5t h D ec e mbe r 1 805 pre

.
, ,

s e n t ed S i r J o h n A n s tr uth e r w i t h a n a ddre s s th a n ki ng hir ,

fO r h is s e rv i c es in t he a d mi n i s tr a t i on O f j us t i c e a n d a s ki ng ,

per mi s s i o n t o pl a c e h i s p o rt r a it in the To w n Ha ll w hee

”
t h a t bui ldi n g w a s c o mpl et ed The pet iti o n d esc ri bes Cal
.

c ut t a a s o n e o f t h e w ea l t h ies t a n d mo s t p u l u c i ti i
po o s es n
”
t h e w o rld S i r J o h n An s t r uth er ret i red fro m t he Bench
.
 THE HIGH C O U R T .

n F e b r ua ry , 1 806 , a nd w as s uc c e e d ed by S ir
H en ry
R us s e l l He di ed in 1 81 1 I n 1 798 he w a s c rea t ed a b a ro net
. .

o f G r ea t B rit a i n a n d i n 1 808 s uc c eed ed h is br o t h er a s

,

fo ur t h h o ld e r o f t he ba ro n etc y o f N o v a Sc o t i a a lr ea dy en

j y
o e d b y t h e f a m ily I n t.h e c en tr e h a n g s a p o r t r a i t b v Chi n

n e ry o f S i r F r a n c i s W o rk ma n M a c n a h t e n B r t p u i ne
g ,a . s,

J ud g e O f t he S upreme C o ur t fro m M a rc h 1 81 6 t o M a rc h
1 8 25 a n d t h e f a th e r O f S i r W illi a m Ha y M a c n a g h t en w h o ,

w a s a s s a s s i n a t ed a t C a bul in 1 841 o n t h e e v e o f h i s d ep a r

t ur e t o t a ke up t h e g o ver n o r s h ip o f B o mb a y Si r F ra n c i s
.

M a c n a g h ten s w h o l e l eg a l c a reer w a s p a s s ed i n I n di a
’
He .

w a s en r o ll ed a s a n a d v o ca t e O f t h e S upr e me C o ur t a t

For t W illi a m i n 1 79 1 a n d s ubs eq uen t ly bec a me Ad v o c a t e

,

G en er a l .I n 1 807 h e w a s a pp o i n t ed t o be a p ui s n e J ud g e i n
M a d ra s a n d n i n e y ea r s l a t er w a s t r a n s ferred t o C a l c utt a
,

o n t he r et i re men t o f S i r W illi a m B urr o ug h s He a c ted

.

a s Chi ef J us t i c e i n 1 823 o n t he d ea t h o f S i r H en ry B lo s s et ,

a n d a ga i n i n 1 824 a f t e r t h a t o f S i r Chri s t o ph e r P ull er tw o ,

v i c t i ms o f t he c li ma t e w h o s e c o mbi n e d t e n ur e o f o ffi c e

d id n o t ex c eed f o ur mo n th s His p o p ul a ri t y i n C a l c ut t a
.

w a s v ery g r ea t a n d w h en h e re s i g n ed his s ea t o n t he
,

B en c h in 1 825 a n d s a il ed fo r E n g l a n d
,
h e w a s a ec o m
,

a n ied t o C ha n d p a l G h a t by S i r A n th o n y B ull e r ( t he j un i o r
p
u i s n e J ud g e) t h e ba rri s t e r s a t t o r n ey s a n d o ffi c er s o f t h e
p , ,

C o urt a n d a l a rge c o n c o ur s e O f t he c o mmun i t y a n d c er

, ,

t a in ly a mo r e h o n o ur a bl e t ri but e c o uld n o t p o s s i bly be

”
p a id t o a n y o n e . H e w a s c re a t ed a b a r o n et i n 1 8 3 6 ,

h a v i ng fo ur y ea r s prev i o us ly s uc ceed ed t o t he fa mily es t a te

a n d t he c hi e f t a i n s hip o f c l a n M a c n a g h t en He di ed in
.

1 843 : a n d t he l eg a l t a l en t O f h i ms elf a n d o f h is di s t i n g ui s h

ed s o n w
,
h o w a s a s l ea r n e d a s a l a w y e r a s h e w a s f a m o us
710 CA L C U TTA O LD A N D n ew .

as a dipl o ma t i s t ha s di s pl a y ed i t self in t he pre se n t genera

,

t i o n in t he pe rs o n o f h is
g r a n d so n L o rd M a c n a g hten .

w ho h a s s i n c e 1 87 7 fil l ed t he hi h o ffi c e O f L o d of
g r

App ea l i n O rdi n a ry 1 n E n g l a n d Th e fa mily 1 5 a n a n cient

'

o ne . S i r Al ex a n d e r fell a t F l o dd en in 1 51 3 a n d Join ,

M a c n a g h ten j o i n ed h is fo rc es t o t h a t o f Cl a v erh o use and

h elp ed hi m t o w in t h e ba t t l e O f Killi ec r a n ki e in 1 68 9 .

Th e t hi rd pi c t ures in t he Chi e f J us ti c e s Court

o f t he
’

is o f S i r R i c h a rd G a r t h Chi e f J us t i c e o f Ben ga l f ro m 1 873

,

t o 1 886 a re ma rk a bly fi n e pi c t ure p a i n t ed i n 1 88 7 by th:

,

Ho n J o h n C o lli er a n d a w o r t hy me mo ri a l O f o n e w ho
.
,

ea r n ed un i v er s a l res p ec t a n d es t eem b t h m r i w hi h
y e a n n e n c

he uph e ld t h e hi g h e s t a n d bes t tra di t i o n s o f j udi c i al d ign ir

a n d i n d ep en d e n c e He s urv i ved h is ret i r emen t b y man
.

v ea rs a n d di ed in L o n d o n i n M a rc h 1 902 .

In t he J ud ges Li br a ry w hi c h li es t o t he n o rt h o f the
’

Chi e f J us t i c e s C o urt t h ere a re a n umber o f eq ua ll y in

' ’

t eres t i n g p o rtr a i t s The roo m is n o t o pen t o t he p ublic

. .

but a n a ppli c a t i o n i n w ri t i g t t e eg i t r r th e pp
n o h R s a O f A el .

l a t e S id e w h o s e O ffi c e a dj o i n s s h o uld proc ure a d m i tt a ntt

, ,

w i t h o ut di ffi c ulty fo r v i s i t o r s w h o a re pro v id ed w i th 1

l et t er O f i n t ro d uc t io n The Li bra ry is a c h a mbe r O f n obl

. e

pro po r t i o ns b ut th e li ght is n o t goo d a n d it c a n n o t be

,

s a id t h a t t h e pi c t ure s a re s een t o t hlei r be s t a dv a n t a g e .

In t he roo m o f t he R eg i s tra r t h e re h a n g s o n th e s o uth ,

e rn w a ll a p o rtr a it by t he l a te M r C W F urse of . . .
,

S ir W illi a m C o m e r P e t h e r a m Chi e f J us t i ce fr o m 1,
886 to

1 896 . It mus t be a dj ud ged t o be a n ex tremely di s a ppoi n t

i n g s pec i me n O f t h a t a rt i s t s w o rk t he bl a c k robes c rea te
’
71 2 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW .

To h a re t he ren t a n d l a n dl o rd
s ,

”
S h o uld get it a s he mi g ht .

His reti remen t t oo k pl a c e in 1 86 7 , a fte r thi rty -

fiv e yea rs

s erv ide : a n d he di ed i n E n gl a n d i n 1 899 .

O n t he l eft h a n d s id e o f t h e d oo r is a fi n e p o rt ra i t a
J o h n R us s el l C o l v i n His t o mb s t a n d s in t h e A g ra Fort
.

i n c o n s pi c uo us s o li t ud e befo re t he des ert ed a ud i e n c e c h r - a t

ber o f Ak ba r : a n d p o s t eri t y remembers h i m a s t h e li e n

t en a n t Go vern o r o f t he N o rt h W es t er n
- -

M ut i n y y ea r w h os e fa te it w a s t o die in
,

c a pi t al j us t fi ve d a y s befo re t he l a s t g r ea t a s s a ul t w hir
‘

pl a n ted t he B riti s h fl a g o n c e mOre upo n t he w a l l s o f D eltf

B ut h e w a s n o l es s fa mo us in h is da y a s a l a w y e r a nd :
j udge a s t he fo llo w i ng b ri ef rec o rd O f h is c a re e r w i ll ampfi
,
‘

d emo n s tra t e The s o n o f J a mes C o l v i n o f t he f a m o us Ca

'

. r

c ut t a h o us e o f C o l v i n A i n s li e a n d Co w i e a n d t h e n ephr
,

o f Al ex a n d e r C o l v i n w h o se m a rbl e mo n ume n t b y We t
-
o
s
,

ma c o t t in S t J oh n s c h urc h t es t i fie s t o t he es t e em i n w hich
’
.

h is bro th er me rc h a n t s h eld h i m J o h n R us s e l l C o l v i n w
,
as

r
bo n i n t he bus es s i n h o us e i n H a s ti ng s S t ree t i n 1 8 0 7 H r .

p a s s ed o ut O f H a il eybury i n 1 825 a t t he h ea d o f h i s term

a n d a rri v ed i n C a l c ut t a i n M a rc h O f t he fo ll o w i n g yea

P a s s i n g ra pidly t hro ug h t he c o ll eg e a t Fo rt W i lli a m w hen ,

h e di s t i n g ui s h ed hi ms elf a t P er s i a n he o bt a i n ed h is firs
,

a ppo i n t me n t at t he c l o s e o f 1 826 a s a s s i s t a n t t o Si
:
,

“ i llia m Ma c n a gh ten ( O f K a b ul f a me) w ho w a s t he:

R eg i s t ra r O f t he S udd er A d a w l ut He w a s set in due
.

in C a lc utt a w h ere he fi ll ed va ri o us s ec et a r a t Offic es

r i . In
 THE mon c o v e r. 71 3

M a rc h 1 836 he w a s sel ec ted by Lo rd Auc kl a n d o n h is

,

a r ri v a l i n I n di a t o be h i s Pri v a t e Sec ret a ry a n d ret ur n i n g

w i t h h is c hi e f t o E ng l a n d i n 1 842 h e r ema i n ed th er e un t il

1 845 w h en h e l eft it fo r t he l a s t t i me His n ex t po s t w a s

.

o f a dipl o ma t i c c h a r a c t e r S i r H en ry H a rdi nge s en di n g

,

n im t o reli ev e H en ry L a w ren ce a s R es id en t in N epa l .

A f t er a y ea r h e w a s a ppo i n t ed t o s uc c eed S ir H en ry ( t h e n
C a p t a i n ) D ur a n d a s C o mmi s s i o n er o f t h e Te n a s s eri m
P r o v i nc es in Lo w er B ur ma At t he beg i n n i n g o f 1 849 he
.

w a s r ec a ll ed t o C a l c ut t a by L o rd D a lh o us i e t o t a k e h i s

s e a t o n t he Ben c h o f t h e S udd e r D ew a n i Ad a w l ut . Th e
”
B e n ga l p ub li c w ri t es S i r Auc kl a n d C o l v i n i n h i s b io
,

g r a phy o f hi s f a t h e r ,
w e r e s o m e w h a t a s t o u n d ed a t t h e

a p po i n t men t . The o bj ec t i o n s w e re ma n y W i t h s o me he
.

h a d n o ex peri en c e .“ it h o t h er s he h a d n o t empe r Ag a i n
’
.

h e ha d n o k n o w l ed ge o f l eg a l ma t t ers He S peedi ly fa l s i
.

fi e d t he pr edi c t i o n s o f o n e a n d a ll . It w a s t r ue e n o ug h
t h a t h e bro ugh t w i t h h i m t o t he B e n c h li t t l e ex pe ri enc e o f
l a w bey o n d w h a t he h a d g a i n ed i n r o ug h a n d r ea dy fa s hi o n
a t M o ul me i n B ut it w a s n o t l o n g be fo re h e es t a bli s h ed a
.

c o mma n di n g po s i t i o n fo r hi ms elf i n t h e c o ur t Be fo re he
.

l e f t it in t o g o t o Ag r a a s Li eut en a n t G o v er n o r he
-
,

h a d bec o me fa c ile prin c eps : s o muc h s o t h a t a s S i r , ,

C h a rl es T rev ely a n p ut it in t he me mo i r o f h is f ri en d w hi c h
h e c o n t ri but ed t o Th e Ti mes it w a s c o mmo n ly s a id
t h a t t he ple a de r s h a d t o be s o met i mes r em i n d ed t h a t t h ev
"
o ugh t t o a ddres s t he C o urt a n d n o t M r Co l v i n
. . T he
v a l ue o f a J ud g e s w o rk i s t o be f o un d i n h is j ud men t s
’

g
ra t h er t h a n i n a n y r ec o rd o f a d mi n i s t r a t i o n . B ut C o l v i n
.
d id n o t c o n te n t hi ms elf w i t h l a yi n g d o w n s o un d p ri n c i

p l e s o f la w . T h e S udd er C o u rt w h e n h e j o i n ed i t h a d a
71 4 CA CL U TTA AN D N E W .

q ues t i o n a bl e reput a t i on . Ba rri s t e rs w ho v en t ure d a c ross

t he M a id a n fro m t he S upreme C o ur t c a me b a c k w i th

s tra n g e t a l es o f t he q ua li t y o f j us t i c e a d mi n i s t e red a t
Bh o w a n ip o re : o f a n tiq ua t ed pr oc ed ure : o f mi s use o f evi
”
d en c e : o f a rg umen t s mi sa ppli ed . Co l v i n l a bo ured s uc
c es s ful ly n o t o nl y t o r a i s e t h e C o ur t t o t he l e v e l w h i c h a

C o urt o f A p pea l s h o uld o c c upy but t o i mpro v e t h e q ua l i ty

,

o f a ll c o ur t s s ubo rdi n a t e t o it . He es pec i a lly a i m e d at

ra i s i n g th e c h a r a c te r o f t he n a t i ve ba r : a nd w hen a m eet
i n g w a s c a ll ed in C a l c ut t a i n 1 857 t o do ho n o ur t o his
memo ry t he l ea d e r i n t he mo v eme n t w a s R a m a P e rs ad
,

R o y th e mos t emi n en t o f t he pl ea d ers o f his da y w ho m

,
-

d ea t h a l o ne ro bbed o f t h e h o n o ur o f be i n g t he fi rs t H igh
C o ur t j ud ge o f I n di a n n a t i o n a li t y . The t hr ee y ea rs
”
C o l v i n p a s s ed o n t he C a l c ut t a Be nc h w e re s a y s h is so n
, .

p o s s i bly t he h a ppi es t in h is life He w a s a m o ng.

v a l ued fri e n d s . His h ea l t h i n t he mo i s t C a lc ut t a c l i ma te

a ve him n o n e f t h t i t y w hi h m y fee l In
g o a a n x e c a n .

H a s t i ng s H o us e a t Alipo re he ex ten de d t o a ll h i s a c
’

q u i n t a n c es a w id e a n d w a r m h o s pit a l i t y .H i s r ea d i n
g
h a d ma d e h i m a n ex c ell en t co mp a ni o n : a n d he d e lig ht ed
"
i n c o n ve r s e w i t h t he bes t a n d a bl es t o f tho s e a bo ut h i m .

He ha d been a d mi t t ed in his yo un ger d a y s t o t he i n t i m a cy

o f M a c a ul a y : a n d he is o n e o f t h o s e h o n o ured b y m e n

t i o n i n M a c a ul a y s l et t e rs to h i s s i s t e r a mo n g
’ “
t he

li t t l e c i rc l e o f peo pl e w h o se fri en ds hi p I v a l ue a n d in
w ho s e c o n v er s a t i o n I t a k e pl ea s ur e . In 1 853 he w a s
c a ll ed o n c e mo re to h ig h a d mi n i s t r a ti ve o ffi c e by the

d ea t h a t Ba reilly o f J a mes Th o ma s o n t he Li euten a n t ,

Go ve r n o r o f the N o r t h W es ter n Pro v i nc es : a n d t he la s t

fo ur y ea r s o f his li fe w lere p a s s ed a w a y fro m C a lcutt a .
716 L
C A C U TTA O LD A N D new .

He ha d a s o t he
l di ti ti s fri en d shi p w i t h D r 10h
nc on of .
"
.

son , a n d bel o n ged t o t he f a mo us Lit er a ry Cl ub w he re he ,

f o rega th ered w ith Burk e a n d Gold s mi t h a n d S i r J o s hua

Th ere a re freq uen t refer en c es t o Ch a mber s i n B o s w ell .

a n d w h en he s a iled fo r I nd i a he t oo k w i t h h i m t o Ca l
,

c ut t a a l et ter o f i n tro d uc t io n fro m J oh n s o n t o V V a rrcr

H a s ti n gs w hi c h ma y be s een a mo n g th e s elec t m a n us c ri pt
,
s

i n th e B riti s h M us eum a n d w hi c h S pe a k s c l ea rly e n ough

,

o f t he e s t i ma t i o n i n w hi c h h e w a s h eld by th e o ld philo
"
S o ph er . Ch a mber s s uc c eed ed Imp ey a s Ch i ef J U St t .

b ut a lth o ug h t he l a tt er l eft I n di a in N o v embe r 1 7 83 he , ,

did n o t t a ke h is s ea t a s s uc h un t il Se p t ember 1 79 1 w hen , ,

i t i s s a id a s a l ut e w a s fi r ed fro m Fo rt “ l ll ia m H e hes
'
'

.
,

t he o fii c e un t il Aug us t 1 7 98 w h en h e w a s o ff e r ed a peer
, ,

a g e but pre fe r red a p e n s i o n o f

, a y ea r H i s death .

t o o k pl a c e n ea r P a ri s i n 1 803 a t t he a ge o f 6 6 a n d hi: ,

bo dy w a s bro ug ht t o E n g l a n d a n d buri ed i n t h e T emp}:

Ch urc h w h ere a mo n umen t by N o ll ek ens w a s e re c t ed :
,

h is memo ry L a dy Ch a mbers w ho rema i n ed w i th hi

.
,

’
t hr o ugh o ut h is t w en t y fi v e y ea r s r es id en ce i n I n d i a , Str

v i v ed un til 1 839 w hen s he di ed a t t h e a e o f 81

, g T h e : .

d a ug hte r ma rri ed in 1 799 C o l o n el J o h n M a c d o na ld s on c

‘

, ,

t h e f a mo us Fl o r a M ac d o n a ld Ch a mbers lo s t s everal
.

c hildren in C a l c ut t a a s t h e i n s c rip t i o n t es ti fi es up o n t he
,

f a mily t o mb in t he So uth P a rk S t reet buryi n g g ro un d and

t he ir e ld es t s o n Th o ma s F i t z ma urice Ch a mber s w a s lost ,

a t the a g e o f s ix i n t he w r ec k o f t he G ros v eno r o n the

c o a s t o f A fri c a i n Aug us t 1 782 ,

In t h e sa me t om b w a
.
s

b uri ed in 1 7 93 M r \V illia m Ch a mbe r s

. Pro t h o n o t a ry and
Pe rs i a n I n t erpreter to t he S uprem e C o urt w h o w ould,

s ee m t o h a v e bee n a r el a t i v e .
 THE HIG H C O U R T .

To t he ri ght o f Ch a mbers is a ,
f ll l en gt h po rtr a i t , w
u -
it h
h a n d o ut s tretc h ed a n d i n full j udi c i a l pa no ply o f S i r E lij a h
I m pey Chi ef J us t i ce o f t he S upre me C o ur t ( n eed it be
,

s a id ) fro m O c t o be r 1 7 7 1 t o N o v embe r 1 783 The n a me

?
.
,

o f t he a rt i s t a s p a i n t ed upo n t he d es c ripti v e l a bel is

Z o ffa n y 1 782 but a s D r B us teed ha s po i n t ed o ut
, ,
.
,

t h e d a te is c l ea rly w ro n g fo r Z o ffa n y did n o t l ea ve

,

E ng l a n d un t il 1 783 . It is p os s i bl e o f c o ur se t h a t h e
a rri v ed in C a l c ut t a in t i me fo r Im pey t o s i t t o h im fo r t h e ,

C hi ef J us ti ce did n o t sa il fo r E uro pe un t il D ec e mber o f

t h a t yea r . Th ere is a n o th er p o r t ra i t o f Impey by Z o ffa n y
i n th e N a ti o n a l P o rt ra i t Ga ll ery in Lo n d o n w hi c h rep re ,

s e n t s h im sea t ed a n d i n t h e o rdi n a ry d res s o f the pe ri o d .

A t hi rd p a i n t i n g by Tilly Ket t le w hi c h d epi c t s h im in h is

ro bes o f o ffic e fo r merly h un g in t h e Chi ef J us t i c e s C o urt
’
,

a n d h a s been l en t by t h e pr es en t Chi ef J us t i c e a n d J udges

t o t he V i c t o ri a M e mo ri a l H a ll c o ll ec ti o n n ow t empo r a ril y

h o used i n t he I n di a n M us eum Bo t h a re o f a la te r d a t e
.

fo r Z o ff a n y did n o t a rri ve i n I n di a
’
t o Ket t l e s pi c t ur e ,

u n til t he c l o s e o f t he y ea r 1 783 The ca reer o f Impey

.

h a s been s o me rc il es s ly tr ea t ed by M a c a ul a y t h a t it ma y
s e e m t o m a n y t o be a s futil e a t a s k t o c lea r h is memo ry

a s t o ex o n er a t e S er a j ud D o ul a b fr o m t h e c h a rg e o f
- -

c o m pli c i t y i n t he B l a c k H o l e t r a g edy
. B ut he w a s i n
.

rea li t y n ei t h er ve n a l n o r v i c i o us a nd
,
d es erv es t o be
c o m me mo r a t ed a s a g r e a t J u d g e H e. w a s a di s t i n

g u i s h ed g r a d ua t e o f T ri n i t y C o l l eg e C a m b rid g e a n d a ft e r
’
h is c a ll t o t he B a r by t h e H o n o ura bl e S oc i ety o f Li n c o l n s
I n n w a s s ec o n d o n ly t o D un n i n g o n t h e w es tern Ci rc uit
,
.

A t t h e t i me o f N un co ma r s tri a l in 1 775 he w a s fo rt y three

’
,

ve a r s o f a g e a n d t h o u g h o ld e r th a n a n y o f t h e C o ll eag u e s
7 18 CA CL U TTA O LD A N D new .

w ho l ef t E n g l a n d w i t h h im , he i h s t and tht
w a s a b e to w t l
c li ma t e o f C a l c utt a fo r n i n e ye a r s Th e occa s i o n for bis
’

ret ur n fro m I n di a a s is w ell k n ow n w a s a rec a ll t o a nswer

, ,

c e rt a i n c h a rges befo r e P a rli a men t : but t he mo ti o n for im

p ea c h m e n t w a s l o s t H .e di ed i n 1 809 a t N ew i c k Pa rk ir
"
S us sex a n d li es buri ed a t H a mmer s m i t h I h a v e a nott .

s a y s D r B us t eed in h is E c h o es fro m O ld C a lc utta

. that ,

"
it n eve r fel l to I mpey s lo t t o p a s s a n o t h e r c a pi ta l sen tence
’

a f t e r h s c o n d e mn a t i o n o f N un c o ma r b ut he a d d s t ha t b:
i ,

i s un a bl e t o q uo t e a ny a uth o ri ty fo r th is There a re save .

ra l me mber s o f l m e m T
’

p y s f a ily buri ed i n C a l c u t t a a .
r

o f t h em w e re i n t he Co mp a n y s s er v i c e : H a s ti ngs 2
’

fa c t o r w ho di ed in C a lc ut t a in Febr ua ry 1 805 a t t he 33!

o f 24 a n d E d w a rd
, w h o s e d a ug ht er Ad e li n e ( d i ed 1 842
,
.

a g ed 20) r es t s in t h e Ci rc ul a r R oa d c emet e ry a n d w hosr ,

son , C o l o n el E ugen e Cl ut t erbuc k I mpey C I E sen t é ,

. .

t h ro ugh the M uti n y , a nd w a s Lo rd La w ren ce s m i l i t a ry su

’
t

ret a ry d uri n t h e y ea r s 1 86 3 a n d 1 864 An o t h e r I mps

g .

o f t h e s a me Chri s t i a n n a me a s t he Chi e f J us t i ce die: ,

i n C a l c ut t a i n 1 821 ze a l o us a n d s kil f ul i n h i s profe

,

”
s ion , t he n a t ur e o f w hi c h i s n o t s t a t ed upo n h is tomb

s t o n e : a n d i t is o n ly d uri n g t he p a s t y ea r t h a t a now cr

Impey ( M r W H L Impey di ed a t N a ini l a i

' '

. . . .
,

w hile h o ldi ng t h e Hi g h O ffi c e o f Chi ef S ec reta ry to the

G ov e r n men t o f t he U n i t ed Pro v i n ces .

O n t he ppo s i t e o r ri g h t h a n d s id e o f Ch a mbe rs hangs

o

an e q u a lly fi n e p o r t r a i t o f S i r L a w r e nc e P ee l pa i n t ed b y ,

Si r F r i
a nc s G r a n t P ,
R A S i
. r L a w
. r.en c e P eel w h o w a s
,

fi r s t c o us i n t o t he Pri me M i n i s te r w a s bo rn in 1 799 ,
Il ls .

c o n n ec t i o n w i t h I n di a d a t es fro m M a rc h 1 84 1 w hen he ,
,
7 20 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N E W .

S i r Th o ma s S t r a n ge , w h o fro m 1 7 98 t o 1 801 w a s Recorder

of M a dra s a nd Pres id en t o f t he C o ur t o f M a yor and
A ld e r men a n d bec a me fi r s t Ch ie f J us t i c e o f M a dra s in the
,

l a t ter y ea r h o ldi n g t he o ffic e un t il 1 81 7 S i r VViIliam

, .

B urr o ug h s w a s a t t he t i me in M a dr a s but di d not w ait

,

fo r t he w eddi ng w hi c h t o o k pl a c e fro m G o v er n me n t House .

t h e brid e bei n g g i v e n a w a y by L o rd W illi a m Bent i nck

B urr o ug h s w a s c rea t ed a ba ro n et in 1 829 but h i s o n ly son

di ed in 1 81 4 o f w o un d s rec ei ved befo re B a y o n n e a nd the ,

t i t l e bec a me e x t i n c t a t h is d ea t h in 1 829 .

N e x t to S i r W illi a m B urro ugh s pi c t ur e a n d o ver the

’

e n t r a n c e i s a p o rtr a it o f J o h n H er be r t H a rri n g t o n J g
u cl
,
t

o f t h e S udd e r Ada w l ut fro m 1 801 t o 1 807 a n d C h i e f Ju ,

dgr
fro m 1 81 1 t o 1 81 4 a n d ag a i n fro m 1 824 t o 1 825 . Thl s is
in s o me res p ec t s o n e o f t he mo s t rema rk a bl e pi c t ures in the
roo m It repr es en t s t he di s t i ng ui s hed O ri en t a li s t sea ted
.

a t a t a b l e a n d t ur n i n h a lf ro un d t o c o n s ul t w i t h a moon
g
s h ee a t h i s s id e Like t he pi c t ure o f C o l v i n in t h e a djoin
.

in g r oo m i t i s p a i n t ed w i t h a b ri g h t n es s a n d fre s h n ess of
,

c o l o uri n w hi h i f ull o f a t t r a c ti n H r ri t rrived

g c s o. a n g o n a

i n I n di a a s a w ri t e r in 1 780 . I n 1 793 w e co m e a eros =

h i m a s rep o r t er a n d t hree y ea rs l a t er a s R eg i s t r a r t o the

S udd er C o ur t He w a s a pp o i n t ed fo urt h me mbe r o f tht
.

B o a rd o f R ev en ue i n 1 7 98 but ret ur n ed t o th e S udder

,

D ew a n i a n d N i z a ma t Ad a w l ut a s J udge i n 1 801 .

E l ev en y ea r s l a t er he bec a me Chi e f J ud g e a n d c o n t i n ued

in t h a t o ffic e un t il 1 81 9 w h en he t oo k f url o ug h t o E n g l a nd .

He w a s a bs e n t fo r t w o y ea r s a nd on h is ret urn it
O c t o be r 1 821 w a s p ro v i s i o n a lly a ppo i n te d a member
of t h e S upr eme C o un c il . I n De c e mbe r 1 822 h e w as
 rue me n c o v e r. 721

Jon fir med in t he a pp oin t men t but res ig ned it in Aug us t

[ 823 in o rder t o p ro c eed up— co un t ry a s s e n i o r member o f

th e Bo a rd o f R eve n ue i n t he N o rt he rn Prov i nc es
1 nd Ag en t to t he Go v e r n o r G en e r a l a t D elhi
-
. In 1 824 ,

ho w ev e r he reverte d to hi s fo rm er p o s t o f Ch i ef J udge
,

3 f t he Sudd er C o urt a n d i n Ap ri l 1 825 h e w a s r ea ppo in t ed

a me mber o f t h e Sup r eme C o unc il a n d P res i de n t o f th e

,

Bo a rd o f Tr a d e a nd c on t in ue d t o h o ld t h a t ofl ic e un ti l
,

hi s ret i re men t i n 1 827 He w a s fo r s o me y ea r s h o n o r a ry

.

r o f e s so r o f t he L a w s a nd Reg ul a ti o ns o f th e B ri t i s h
p
Go v e r nmen t in I n di a a t L o rd W elles l ey s C o l l ege o f Fo rt
’

W i lli a m a n d w a s a l s o P resi den t o f th e C o unc il of th e

,

Co l lege As a n a ut h ority up o n the I n di a n s y s te m o f j uri s

.

p r u d e n c e o f h i s da
y h e s t oo d w i t h o u t a ri va l
. T h e t hr ee

vo l ume s in w h ic h m
( fro 1 80 5 t o 1 8 1 7 ) h e co ll ec te d h i s

E l eme n t a ry An a l y s i s o f t he La w s a n d R egul a t io n s e n a c t
ed b y t h e Go ve rno r G en er a l in Co unc il a t Fo rt W ill ia m in
-

Be n ga l fo r t he Ci v i l Go v ern men t o f t he B riti s h t er ri t o ri es

”
un de r t he Pres id enc y a re a s t a n di n g mon umen t to h is
,

. ea rm n g He w a s a l s o P res id en t o f t he As i a t i c S oc i ety i n
.

[82 4 a n d s t an d s h o n o ura bly c o mme mo ra ted a s t he Ed ito r

,

of t h e Pe rs i a n a nd A ra bi c w o rk s of S a di C lc ut t a 1 7 9 1
( a

:o C a lc utt a h a s pe rpe t ua t ed h is men t o ry by t he

st r e e t o ff C h o w ri n he e w h i c h bea r s hi s n a me
g . He d i ed
n L on d o n i n 1 828 ba rely a y ea r a ft er h is riet i re men t fr o m
,

In d i a . His s i gn a t ure a ppea rs in t he me mo ra ble R ul e

) f J o h n Ad a m s s ho rt a d min i s t r a ti o n w h e reby o n t he 1 4t h
’

Ma r c h 1 823 i t w a s so ug h t to res t ri c t t he li bert y o f t he

, ,

Pr e s s . The prea mbl e o f t he do c umen t set s fo rth it s j us ti

fic a t i o n by r ec iti n g t ha t ma t te rs ten d i ng t o bri n g th e
zo v e rn me n t o f t hi s c oun t ry i n t o h a tred a n d c o n te mp t a n d

46
 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

to di s t ur b t he p ea c e h a r mo n y a n d goo d o rde r o f socica

,

h a ve o f l a te bee n freq uen tly pri n ted a n d c i rc ul a t ed in the

n ew s p a p er s . A rg umen t s c o uc h ed i n a l mo s t identical
w o rd s h a v e d o n e d uty mo r e t h a n o n c e i n s uc c eed i n years
g
w h en c o n s ti t ut ed a ut ho ri t y h a s been t o o s en s i t i v e t o 3?

p re c i a t e t h e f a c t t h a t t h e v ir ul e n c e o f p ub li c c ri t i c ism e

n o t n ec es s a rily i n i n v er s e r a t i o t o t he i mpo r ta n c e of tlz

g ri ev a n ce a g a i n s t w hi c h i t i s d i riec t ed .

To t he ri ght d oo r w a y a nd fla n ki ng the p o rt rait r

of t he ,

S i r W illi a m B urr o ugh s i s t he pi c t ure by Si r M a rt i n Arch:

,

S h ee , o f S i r E d w a rd R y a n o n e o f t h e m o s t distin
,

u i s h ed Chi ef J us ti c es o f t h e ma n y w ho h a ve r id ed ow
g p e s

t he S upreme C o urt He w a s a p po i n t ed a p ui s n e J udgt r

.

M a y 1 827 a t t he a ge o f 34 in s ucc es s i on t o S i r Author:

,

B ull er In D edember 1 833 h e bec a me Chi ef J us t ic e oa th

.

d ea t h o f Si r W illi a m O ldn a l R us s ell w ho se t en ure o f w

,

l a s t ed o n ly fro m J uly 1 832 un ti l J a n ua ry o f t he f ollowilx

y ea r a n d w ith w h o m he ha d in 1 825 p ubli s hed a v o l um e
,

repo rt s o f Cro w n c a s es reserv ed , w h en th ey ha d been ttl ~

low a d voc a tes i n W es t mi n s t er H a ll U po n his ret i reme nt

-
.

1 843 he w a s s w o rn o n t h e P ri v y Co un c il a n d s a t a s a mez
,

ber o f t he J udi c i a l C o mmi tt ee until 1 862 B ut h i s j udidz

'

d ut i es fo r med o n ly p a rt o f thle w o rk to w hic h h e devotm

'

t he l a tt er yea r s o f h is life O n t he co ns ti t uti o n in 1 5

.
5

o f t h e B oa rd o f Ci v il S erv i c e C o mmi s s i o ners h e w a s nom

n a t ed a s o n e o f th e un pa id membe r s o f th a t bo dy : a nd it

A pril 1 862 he bec a me firs t s a l a ried c ommi ss io n er D un n;

.

h i s pres id en c y t he s c o pe o f th e c o mmi ss i o n w a s enlargu

'

y ea r by yea r The t es t ex a mi n a t i on fo r n o mi nees for

.

C i v il a pp o i n t men ts in t he Ho me Servic e w a s s uc c eeded b"

724 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

n es s o f t he K n i g ht hi mself
,
I m i g h t fi n d S u n d a y a “if?

u
d l l d a w i t h t h m H th r f r i i t ed mle t o ta b
y e . e e e o e n v

re f uge w i t h h im o n t h a t da t l t t di t k a “ ‘ k
y , a e a s o n e ,
a e

a n d pl a y a
g a m e o f c h e ss i i
n t he ev en n , w hi l e h i s W i fe
g
u m u i Y u m i m m d r f i d t h a t l
g a v e s s c. o a y a g ,
e y ea r e n ,

l r t
ea n m a n y hi g s d uri ng th o se c h a rm i ng ev e n i n g
t n s f ro m
a ma n w l a s t eig ht y ea rs he ld a j ud i c i a l sit“?
ho h a s fo r t he
” b
ti o n n I n di a ei t h er a t M a dra s o r in Ben g a l
i I t is t .
o f

f r d h t
ea e t a S ir Ch rl es Grey w ho di ed a s rec e n t l y a s
a 1 855

ha s been c o mplete ly fo rgo t ten : but he w a s p ui s n e J g u d t

a t M a dr a s fro m 1 81 8 t o 1 825 a n d C hief J us ti c e o f W

,

fro m 1 825 t o 1 832 a n d a c hi ev ed t he un us ua l h o n o ur f

,
or 3

l a w y er o f a ppo i n t men t a fter re t i remen t a s G o v e rnor d

J a ma i c a w h e re h e s uc c eed ed t he ei g h t h Lo rd E lg i n i n 184?
,

a n d r ei g n ed un t il 1 853 .

M a ki n g o ur w a y t o t he o p p o s i t e en d o f t h e q ua d ra ngk
w e s ha l l fi n d in th e o ut e r r oo m o f t he B a r Li b r a r
y (to
w hi ch a l o ne t he p ub li c a re a d mi t ted ) t he po rt r a i t s o f Si ;

G rego ry Ch a rl es P a ul , a n d o f M r M a n o m ohar
.

Gh o se T he l a t t er s p ubl ic s e r v i c es h a v e be e n
’
. 8k )

h o n o ured by a po rt ra i t in t he To w n H a ll a n d a n a c c ount ,

o f h is c a r ee r w ill be fo un d in t h e c h a p t ers w h i c h d ea
l

w i t h t h a t buildi ng . S i r Ch a rles P a ul w ho w a s a d m i t ted

,

as a n a d v o c a te o f t he S u pr em e C o u rt i n N o v ember 1 853 , .

a c hi e ve d t he un iq ue di s t i n c t i o n o f fi lli ng th e o ffic e o f A d ~

"
v o c a t e Ge
a
n e ra l fo r n o l e s s t h a n t hi r t y ye a r s In 1.8 7 !L

1 87 1 he o fiic ia t ed a s a J ud g e o f t he Hi g h C o urt a n d i t fe ll
t o h is lo t t o try a n d s en tien c e t o d ea t h t he murd e re r o f

Chi ef J us t ic e N o r ma n B ut h e d ec li n ed a per ma ne n t a p
.

p o i n t m en t o n t he Benc h a n d o n t he ret i remen t of t h e A d

 T HE HIG H C O U R T .

v oc a t e- Gen er a l , M r T H C o w i e i n 1 872 he w a s s el ec t ed
. . .
, ,

as h is s ucc es s o r , a nd h eld t he a
pp o i n t men t un t il w i t hi n a

f ew m o n t h s of hi s dea t h i n D ec ember , 1 900 . He w a s t he

fi r s t m embe r o f t he A rmen i a n co mmun i ty to ri se to t he
o ffi c i a l
h ea d s hi p o f t he B a r a n d t he po s i t io n w a s , w on by
h i m en t i rely by h i s i nd i v id ua l m eri t a n d a bili t y .

Th e i n n er r oo m o f t he B a r Li br a ry is s t ri c tly res erved

f o r t he us e o f a d v oc a t es o f t h e C o ur t : a n d n o t ev en mem
be r s o f t he s i s t e r bra n c h o f t h e pr o fes s i o n a re a d mi t t ed .

B ut , i f t h e v i s i t o r i s s o fo rt un a t e a s t o po s s es s a ba r ri s te r
a c q ua i n t a n c e ,
h e s ho uld e n d ea v o ur t o g et a s i g h t o f t he
ma n usc ri p t N o t es o f c a se s i n t he h a n d w ri t i ng o f M r
, .

J us t i c e Hyde w hi c h a re pres er ved w i t hi n Th er e a re n o

, .

l es s t h a n fo urt ee n v o l ume s o f t h e m but t he fi rs t o f t he ,

s e ri es s h o uld b e p a r t i c ul a rly a s k ed fo r O n o n e p ag e w a s .

t o be s een — un t i l s o me Phili s t i n e de s t ro y ed i t a y ea r o r
t o a go
w — t he n o t e i n Hyd e s o w n w riti n g o f t he fi r s t s it
’

t i ng i n O c t o be r 1 7 7 4 o f His M a j es t y s S up reme C o ur t a t
’
, ,

F o rt W illi a m a t t he O ld C o ur t H o use A lit t l e l a t er th e .

f o llo w i n g ma y y et be r ea d M emo ra n d a 1 7 75 J uly 24t h , , , .

S ign ed t h e K a len d a r c o n t a i n i n g t h e o rd er fo r t he ex ec uti o n

o f N un c o ma r He w a s H a n ge d
. I t hi n k t he da y w a s
.

S a t urd a y Augus t 1 2t h but I a m n o t s ure

, ,
O n a n ot h er .

pa g e o f t he s a me v o l ume i s a t ra n sc ript o f t he ev id en c e
i v en b t h G o v er n o r G e n e r a l a n d B a rw ell i n t h e h is
g y e -

t o ri c t ri a l i t s elf An d i f w e emul a t e D r B us t eed a n d t a k e

. .

up th e l a t e r v ol umes w e s h a ll c a t c h ma n y a g l i mp se o f l ife
,

in old C a lc ut t a In a n en try o f Oc to be r 22n d 1 779

. t he , ,

fi rs t da y o f t he fo ur t h t erm in t he 1 9t h a nd 20t h y ea r o f
”
t he r ei gn o f His M a j es t y Ki n g Geo rge th e Thi rd w e r ea d ,
 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

Me m S ir E . Impey , Chi ef J us t i c e w a s a bs e n t by rea son

,

o f ill n es s . He h a s a s w elli n g o f t he d o uble c h i n Sir .

R o be rt Ch a mbers w a s a l s o a bsen t by rea s o n o f ill ness .

Yes t e rd a y t he fev er beg a n w i t h h i m I (J o h n H y d e ) h ave .

h a d th e fev er a n d a m n o t y et p erfec t ly f r ee fro m t h e c o m

t

u f I h li h t d r ee o f p a i n a n d w ea k ness
q e n c e s : o r a v e a s g eg
"
i n my l ef t fo o t a n d a s li g h t d eg ree o f di z z i n es s i n m y h ea d .

B ut ill n es s o r n o ill n e s s t h e di g n i t y o f t h e C o urt w as

, ,

n ev er f o rgo t te n Th ree d a y s l a t e r t he proc eed i n g s o f the

.

d a y a re pre fa c ed w i t h t h e a n n o unc e men t t h a t I c a m e to

c o urt in my S ca rl et R o be t o d a y bec a us e it is t h e d a y of
-
,

t h e Ki n g s a c c es s i o n a n d i s t h e refo re tre a t ed by t h e C o urts

’

o f La w i n E n g l a n d a s a l d t - a r i n t h i r fi s t
g a a a y o a pp e,
e ne

c lo a t h s ,
a n d I t hi n k i t pro pe r mos t p a rti c ul a rly i n t his
,

pl a c e t h a t a ll ma n n er s o f t o ken s o f res pec t to H i s M a j esty

,

s h o uld be s h o w n a n d es p ec i a lly b t h w h o h t he
, y o s e a v e

h o n o ur o f h o ldi n g o ffi c es un de r His M a j es t y s a ut h o ri ty ’

o n h is a pp o i n t me n t A l l s i g n s o f l o y a l ty t o t h e K i n g of
.

E n g l a n d a re t o o muc h n eg l ec t ed i n t hi s c o un t ry I b e li eve.

t h ey did n o t e ve n fi re a s a l ut e a t t he F o rt w h i c h , is a
s h a m f
e u l l
n eg ec t i f it s
,
i n o t w o r s e— a d es i g n ed d i s t es
peet . The w o rd s o f I mpey t o Th url ow a re a n e n t e rt a in
in g pen d a n t t o t hi s o ut p o uri n g o f l o y a l s en t i men t H y de .

i s a n ho n es t ma n b ut a g rea t c o x c o mb
. His t o n g ue c a n
.

n o t be k ep t s t ill a n d h e h a s mo re p a r a d e a n d po mp t h a n I
”
h a v e yet s een in th e E a s t .

Th e J ud ges h a v e pres en t ed t o t he V i c to ri a M emo ri a l

H a ll c o ll ec t i o n t he en t i re c o ur t reco rd o f t he K i ng v ers us
N un c o ma r a n d i t m a y be h o ped t h a t t he B a r Li b ra r
y
w ill a t n o di s t a n t d a t e fo ll o w t he ex a mpl e o f t h ei r Lo rd
728 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D new .

t he H ig h C o ur t fro m 1 888 t o 1 904 a n d s ti ll a p ro mi nent

,

membe r o f o rth o d o x H i n doo S oc i ety in C a l c utta ( )

4 M.r

R E Tw id a l e a muc h res pec ted plea d er o f I n d o A n glian

. .
,
-

p a ren t a ge w ho di ed i n Aug ust 1 893 : ( 5 ) B a b o o K a lee

Moh a n D a s s ( 1 860 t o
, ( )
6 B a b oo He m C h un der

B a n e rj ee di s t i n g ui s he d n o t o n ly by rea s o n o f h i s l o n g a nd
,

s uc c es s f ul t en ur e o f t h e o ffi c e o f Se n i o r Go v ern m e n t P lea

der but a l s o a s a p oet : i n h i s l a t e r y ea rs h e w a s a ffl i c t ed

,

w i t h bl i n d ne s s a n d c o mp ell ed t o li v e i n r et i reme n t 7
( ) D r .

Troy luc kho N a t h M i t t er one o f the ea rlies t t o o b t a i n t he

,

D oc t o r a t e in La w f ro m t he C a l c utta U n i vers ity w h o died

,

Apr i l 1 8t h 1 895
, .
 C H A P TE R X I ] .

TH E TO W N H A LL .

ON t he E s pl a n a d e , t o t he w es t of G o v er n men t H o us e ,

a nd t di n g bet w een t he Trea s ury B uildi ng s a n d t h e

s an

H i g h C o urt is t he To w n H a ll e rec t ed by t h e i n h a bit a n t s

, ,

a t a c o s t o f s ev en l a kh s o f r u ees
p .

The p l a c e o f t he O ld C o ur t H o us e i n D a lh o us i e S q ua re ,
-

a ft e r i t s d e mo li t i o n i n 1 7 92, i mmedi a tely t a k en

w as no t

by a n y p ub li c buildi n g in w hi c h C al c ut t a c o uld me et a n d
ma k e me rry . Fo r s ev e r a l y ea rs t h e g a p w a s s uppli ed by
s uc h fo rgo t t e n pl a c es o f en te rt a i n men t a s W rig h t s N ew ’

Ta v e r n S t J o h n s c h urc h M oo re s As s embly
’
n ea r
’
.
,

R oo ms i n D a c re s L a n e t he E x c h a n ge a n d P ubli c
’

R oo m s i n Lyo n s R a n ge a n d t he H a r mon i e Ta ver n

’
,

i n L a ll B a z a r w hi c h w a s c a p a bl e o f a c c o mmo d a t i n g fi v e

o r si x h un d red pers o n s w i t h ea s e a n d w hi c h en t ered

upo n a n ew l ea s e o f li fe i n 1 803 un d er t h e ma n a gemen t o f
on e M r R o be rt Bea rd
. B ut o n F ebr ua ry 2l s t 1 804 t he
.
, ,

i n h a bit a n ts o f C a l c ut t a fo r ma lly d ec id ed in p ubli c meet i ng

t o erec t a To w n H a ll fo r t he c o n v en i en c e o f t he Se t t l e
men t a nd fo r t he r ec ep t i o n o f t he s t a t ues o f t he M a rq ues s
W elle s l ey a n d t h e M a rq ues s C o r n w a lli s ”
A l o ttery fo r .

fi ve la kh s o f r upees w a s a n n o un c ed in 1 805 un d e r t he
s a nc t i o n a n d p a t ro n ag e o f His E x cell en c y t he M o s t N o bl e
”
t he Go v ern o r Gen e r a l in C o un c il
- Te n per c en t o f t he
.

p ro ce e d s a n d t h e s urpl us w e r e t o be a ppli e d t o t h e c os t o f
buildi ng t he To w n H a ll w hi c h s eems h o w ev er t o h a v e
, , ,

t a k en a n un us ua lly l o ng t i me t o c o mplet e An i n s c rip t i o n

.
 L U TTA
CA C O LD A N D N Ei V .

in E ng li s h a n d U rd u i t h er s id e o f t he s o ut h e rn fac a de
on e

r ec o rd s t he fa c t t h a t d uri ng t he a d mi n i s t r a t io n o f Lord
W ell es l ey t hi s edi fic e w a s d es i gn ed a n d c o mp l e t e d un der
,

t he G o v er n men t o f L o rd M i n t o in t he y ea r o f C h r i s t

t h e a rc hi t ec t be i n g J o h n G a rs t in C o l o n el o f E n g i n eers
,
.

I t is a fi n e buildi n g i n t h e D o ri c s t yl e o f a rc h i t ec t ure
, ,

w i t h a ma g n i fi c en t fli g h t o f s tep s le a di ng t o a ra n d por
g
H ere s t a n d s S i r R i c h a rd W es t m a c ott s
'
t i c o o n t he s o ut h .

b ea ut i f ul s t a t ue o f W a rren H a s t i n g s w hi c h w i t h t ha t of
,

L o rd C o r n w a lli s w i t hi n h a s a lrea dy rec ei v ed n o t i c e i n the

c h a p t e r o n t h e s t a t ues o f C a l c ut t a .

Th e rri a ge en t ra n c e is t o t he no r t h un de r a lo fty
ca

c o v e r ed
p o r t i c o T h e
. b u ildi n
g c o n s i s t s o f t w o s t o re y s .

a n d i s us ed fo r p ubli c meet i n s di n n ers c o n c e rt s a nd

g , , ,

ba ll s . Th es e o rdi n a rily t a k e pl a c e o n t h e uppe r floor ,

w h i c h i s bo a rd ed w i t h t ea k a n d i s 30 feet i n h ei g h t .

Th e g re a t s a l oo n , w hi c h r un s fr o m en d t o en d o f the
up pe r fl oo r o f t he buildi n g , i s 1 7 2 feet i n l en g t h b y 65
feet i n w id t h , di v id ed i n t o a c en t re roo m a n d t wo
a nd is
a i s l es by a d o ubl e ro w o f pill a r s A t t h e w es t e r n e n d is
.

a m us i c g a ll ery a n d a t t he ea s t e r n a r a i s ed pl a t fo r m
,
.

O n t he h fr
s o ut -
r r roo ms 43 fee t by 21
o n t a re t w o c o n e -

fee t a n d a c en t ra l o n e 82 feet by 30 fee t t he l a s t n a med

, ,

be i n g s i t ua t ed i mmedi a t ely ov er t he po r t i c o Th ese ro oms .

a re ut ili z ed a s ca rd a n d s upp e r r oo ms o n t he o c ca s i o n of
-
,

a n y p ubli c c el eb r a t i o n i n t h e To w n H a ll In t he c en tre .

r oo m w ere h eld fo r ma n y y ea r s t h e meeti ngs o f th e Co:

po t a t i o n o f C a l c ut t a un til t he o p en i ng i n the yea r 1 905
,

o f t he M un i c ip a l C o un c il Ch a mbe r i n t h e n ew c fli c es in

C o rpo ra t i o n S t reet .
7 32 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N E W .

t he rig ht s o f t he a g ri c ul t ur a l c o mmun i t y t h a t h e w as
”
n a med t h e R y o ts F ri end In mun i c i pa l m a t t e rs he
’
.

p l a ye d a pr o m i n en t pa rt : a n d i t w a s c hi e fl y t h ro u g h his

e x er t i o n s t h a t t he H i n d u burn i n
g g h a t a t N i m-
t o l l a h w as

r et a i ne d U po n it s pres en t s i t e He w a s n o m i n a t ed t o a
.

s e a t i n t he V i c e ro y s C o un c il i n 1 873 a n d c re a t e d a R a a
’

j
I n t he fo ll o w i ng y ea r he w a s ma d e a Co mp a n i o n o f t ilt ‘

S t a r o f I n di a by L o rd N o r t h b roo k i n rec og n i t i o n o f thr

s e r v i c es r e n d e r ed by h i m i n c o n n ec t i o n w i t h t h e f a m i ne :

a n d o n t h e o c c a s i o n o f t he v i s it o f Ki n E d w d t Ca l
g a r o

c ut t a ,
w hil e Pri n c e o f W a l es h e a c ted a s Pres i d e n t o f the
,

C o m mi t t ee o f R ec ep t i o n A t t h e Proc l a ma t i o n D ur ba r of
.

1 87 7 he w a s a d v a n c ed by Lo rd Lyt t o n t o t h e d i g n ity ct
,

M a h a r a j a h A l t h o ug h n o t a s w ea l thy a s o t h e r m e m be rs at
.

h i s di s t i n g ui s h ed f a mi ly h is w h o l e ca r eer w a s o n e o f p ublic
,

us e ful n es s a n d ben ev o l en c e F i n a n c e a n d P o l i t i c a l Eco

.

n o my w e re h is fa v o uri t e s t udi es w h il e i n r el ig i o n h e w a
,
s

a d ev o t ed a dh e ren t o f t he t h ei s t i c t e n et s w i t h w h i c h the

n a me o f R a j a h R a m M o h a n i s s o c l o s ely co n n ec t e d .

M R J O HN P A L M E R ,
. h os e bus t by S ir F r a n c i s C h a n trev
w

i s a bea ut i f ul pi ec e o f w o rk w a s t he sec o n d s o n o f Lieu

,

t en a n t G en e r a l W illi a m P a l me r
-
t he c el eb ra t ed,p r i v a te

s ec ret a ry a n d c o nfi d e n t i a l m i n i s t er o f W a rren H a s t i ngs .

w ho s ubs eq ue n t ly bec a me R es id en t i n t urn a t t h e C o nns

o f P oo n a Hyd e ra ba d a n d D elhi a n d di ed in 1 81 4 w h i le a
, ,

G en era l o n t he s t a ff a t Be rh a m po re The s o n w h o w as .
,

bo rn o n Oc t o be r 8t h 1 7 67 s erv ed fo r a t i me i n t he N a vy
, ,

a n d w a s a mid s hi ma n w i t h S i r E d w a rd H ugh es
’
p s q u a

d ro n in t he E a s t I n di es d uri ng its en gag emen t s w i t h the

fleet o f t h e B a illi S ufl ren A fte r t he pea c e O f P a ri s in
.
 THE TOW N HA LL .

1 7 83 , he ca me to C a l c utt a a n d en t er
e d t h e fi rm o f B urgh
B a r be r Co . On th e dea th o f M r B a r be r he bec a me .
,

u n d e r h i s w ill a p a rt n e r in t he bus i ne s s a n d a l s o t he o w ne r
o f t h e p a la t i a l h o us e in L a ll B a z a r w i t h w hi c h h i s n a me
,

re m a i n s so c lo s el y a s s o c ia t ed a s t h e di s p en s er o f ma n i
g
fi c e n t h o s pi t a li t y a n d w hi c h he af t e rw a rd s s o ld t o t he
,

G o v er n men t fo r the p urpo s e t o w h i c h i t is n o w put o f a

p o l i c e o ffi c e a n d c o u r t L a t e r
. h e e n t e r e d i n t o p a r t n e rs hi p

w i t h M r H en ry S t Geo rg e Tuc k e r a f t e rw a rd s ( i n 1 843)

. .
,

C h a ir ma n o f t he C o ur t o f D i rec to rs : a nd t he h o us e o f
P a l me r 8 C o:
.ro s e t o a pi tc h of a lmo s t un p a ra ll el ed p ro s
,

p e r i t.v T h e M a rq u i s o f H a s ti n s
g G o ver n o r Gene r a l fro m
,
-

1 8 1 3 t o 1 823 w a s a c l o s e f ri en d o f P a l me r a n d a l w a y s
,

a l l ud ed t o h i m a s t he Pri nc e o f M e rc ha n t s — a t i t l e w h ic h

h e ri c h ly d ese rv ed ac co rdi n g t o co n t e m po r a ry o pi n i o n
, ,

o n a c c o un t bo t h o f hi s un res t r a i n e d i n di v id ua l li ber a li ty

a nd t he s c a l e U po n w h i c h h is c o mmerc i a l t r a n s a c t i o n s w e r e

c o n d uc t e d . B ut t he s h o rt t a bl et J o h n P a l me r the ,

F ri en d o f t he P oo r —w h i c h ma rk s h is g ra v e i n t h e N o r t h .

P a rk S t ree t b uri a l g r oun d a ff o rd s a n ev en mo re ex pres

-
,

s i v e i n di c a t i o n o f h i s c h a r ac t er He en d ea red h i ms elf t o
.
,

t h e peo p l e o f t he c o un t ry by h i s ki n d n es s o f ma n ne r a n d

h i s U p ri gh t n es s o f d ea li n g a n d t i me w a s w h e n hi s n a me
,

s t o o d g o o d fo r a c ro re o f rupees i n t he ma rket In 1 830 .

,

h o w ev e r t he g rea t h o us e fa il ed i n t h e mo s t di s a s tro us
,

f a s hi o n a n d d re w d o w n w ith it mo s t o f t he o ld es t a b li s h ed
a g enc i es i n t he c i t y
. The s ce n es t h a t en s ued w e re rema rk
.

a bl e . S o un s h a k en w a s t h e publi c c o n fi den c e i n hi m in
s pi t e o f t he gen er a l p a n i c t h a t ma n y l ea di n g n a ti ves c a me
,

f o rw a rd w i t h o ffer s o f s ubs t a n ti a l a s s i s t a n c e : a n d t he
c r edi t o r s o f t he fi rm un a n i mo us ly pl a ce d M r P a lme r s
’
.
 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N EW.

na me at t he h ea d o f th e li s t o f a s s i gn ee s T h e Chief .

J us tic e S i r Ch a rl es E d w a rd G rey w hen t h e l i s t w a s pi e

, ,

s en t ed t o h im r e ret te d t h a t a le a l o b j ec t i o n i t d
g , g e x s e t r

s uc h n o mi n a t i o n but h e s ei z ed t he o c c a s i o n t o p a y a t ribm ’

t o M r P a l me r s c h a r a c t e r a n d t o ex pres s a d e e p syn:
’
.

p a t hy i n h is mi s fo rt un es M r P a l mer s urv i v e d t h e crasl

. .
‘

f o r s i x y ea rs w hi c h he s pen t i n re es t a bli s h i n g h i s busi

,
-

n es s : a n d it i s o n rec o rd t h a t he d ev o t ed t h e ro fi ts b »
p
ma d e t o t he s upp o rt a n d a s s i s t a nc e o f tho s e w h o h a d ber:
r ui ned by t he do w n fa ll o f t h e l a t e fi rm W h e n h e died .

o n t he 22n d J a n ua ry 1 836 h i s r ema i ns w e r e f o ll o w ed tn

, ,

t h e g r a v e by a mo re n umero us c o n c o ur s e th a n h a d per

h a p s ever a t ten d ed a n y f un er a l in C alc ut ta a n d t h e ir »

s c ri p t i o n upo n t he bus t in t h e To w n H a ll w h i c h is ti: ,

o ut c o me o f a p ubli c s ubsc rip t i o n bea rs el o q ue n t test

,

mo n y t o t he es ti ma t i o n i n w hi c h he w a s un i v e r s a l l y hdd
His d a ugh t er ma rri ed M r W illi a m Ta yl o r w h o s e re mon
.
,

by Si r F red eri c k H a llid a y fro m the C o mmi s s i o n e rs h ip d

P a t n a f urn i s h es o n e o f t he mo s t di sc us sed c o n t r o v ers ifi
t o w hi c h t he I n di a n M ut i n y g a v e ri s e As a p ub l i c mas
. .

M r P a l mer w a s c l a i me d by th e E n glis h ma n o f h i s d a y t
.
?

h a v e been t h e Fa th er o f t he F ree Pres s o f I n d i a W bc:

'

M r Ad a m a fter L o rd H a s t i n gs dep a rt ure depo rt e d J a mes

.
,
’
,

S il k B uc ki n gh a m o f the C a lc ut ta j ourna l he to o k a n a c tis t ,

p a r t in t he ag i t a ti o n w hi c h res t o red t he Pres s t o th e li bem

i t fi n a lly obt a i n ed un d e r L o rd M etc a lfe Th e E n g l is h ma n.

s ummi n g up h i s c h a r a c t er o n t h e da y a ft er h i s dea th .

d es c ri bed h i m a s a ma n w h ose h eart p ros pe ri t y c ould

,

ne v e r h a rd en n o r a d v e rs ity s ubd ue
, ,
w h i c h m e l t e d lik e

w a x befo re t he fi re a t t he mi s fo rtun es o f o t hers b ut w a ,

s

”
a s a d a ma n t in en d ur a n c e o f h i s ow n .
 L
C A C U TTA O LD A N D N E \V .

l a t ive Co unci l an d h elp ed la rg ely in p a ss i n g t h e Ac t w hich

led t o t h e li s h men t o f t he l a st na med s o c i et y A»

es t a b .

a J us t i c e o f the Pe ac e a n d H on o r a ry Ma i s t ra t e a nd a
g
member of the Co rpo ra t i on un d e r t he Ac t o f 1 86 3 he tad ,

a n a c t i ve p a rt i n l oc a l p ubli c mo ve men t s I n l a t e r years .

he beca me fi rs t a s pirit ua l i st a n d t h en a t he o s o p h i s t Hf .

di ed in N o ve mbe r 1 883 a t t h e a g e o f 69
, .

The bus t of B a boo RA M G O P A L G n o s a bea rs no i n s erip

He
’
tion . a so l w a s o n e o f t he po et D e ro z io s p up il s , a nt?

at an ea rly reno unc ed H i n d ui s m a da p t i n g E nglist

ag e ,

fo o d a n d mo d e o f li v i n g He bet oo k hi ms elf t o c o m ment

.

t o w hi c h he o w ed th e i n t ro d uc t i o n t o D a v i d H a r e and ,

a f t e r g a i n i ng e x pe ri e n ce a s a ba n i a n a nd la ter a s a p a rt ner

i n a n E ur o p ea n fi rm he s t a rt ed bus i ne s s up o n h is own
,

a c c o un t un de r t he s t yl e o f R C ( i ho se Co . a n d been
. .
,
:

bo t h ri c h a n d s ucc e s s ful In hi s po li t ic a l a n d s o c i a l v ies

. :

he w a s mo s t e n l i gh te n ed It w a s c hi efl y o w i n g to lie
.

e n c our a g e men t a n d s upp o r t t h a t D r G oo dc ve w a s e n a bled.

t o a rra ng e fo r t he se n di ng t o E n g l a n d o f fo ur s t ud e n ts of

t h e M e d ic a l C o lleg e The li be r al i t y o f h is v ie w s w a s 1 19
.

ill us t r a ted by hi s s et t i n g t he ex a mple o f s e n d i n g li s

d a ug h ter t o t he Fema l e S ch oo l e s t a bli s h ed by t h e ther
La w M e mber M r D ri nk w a te r Be t h un e : a nd w h e n the
,
.

f
E a s t I n d i a n R a il w a y w a s fi rs t pro jec ted he w a s o n e o ,

t h e fi r s t t o rec ogn i ze i t s fe a s i bili t y a n d it s g r ea t p ossi

bili t ies . He w a s a bo ve a ll h o w ev er di s t i n g ui s hed f o r he

, ,

e l o q uen c e a s a s p ea k e r : a nd Th e Ti me s pr a i s ed hi s s eech
p
o n t he re ne w a l o f t he Ch a rt er Ac t o f 1 853 a s a m a s t er
pi ec e o f o r a t o ry .F ro m Go ve r n me n t h e rec e i v ed t he
h o n o ur o f n o mi n a t io n to a s ea t i n t he Be ng a l C o un c i l w h ich
 THE TO W N HA LL .

he filled fro m 1 862 t o 1 864 a nd s o g rea t w a s his s uc ces s in

his c o mmerc i a l ca reer th a t t he l oc a l a d mi n i s tra ti on o fi ered
him the sec o n d J udges hi p o f t he Pres id enc y Sma l l C a us e
Court a n o ffe r he w i sely dec li n ed feeli ng n o d o ubt th a t
, ,

it w a s t oo much t o ex pec t o f a ma n t o ma ke goo d boo t s

bec a use he ha d gi ve n s a t i s fa c t i o n a s a t a il o r He w a s a
.

lea di ng me mber o f the B riti s h As s oc i a ti o n fro m it s es

t a bli s hmen t i n 1 851 an d w a s th e fi r s t B enga lee to s y s te
,

ma tic a lly a d v oca te a n d pur s ue p ubli c ag ita tio n fo r the

red res s o f gri eva nc es His d ea t h occ urr ed i n J a n ua ry ,
.

1868, a t t he a ge o f 51 .

Proceedi n g ups t a i rs by t he ri ght h a n d s t a irc a se w e fi n d

-
,

o ur s el ves c o n fron t ed by a l a rge pi c t ure o f a n i n di v id ua l

o f o bv i o us ly hig h r a n k a l t h ou
, g h u n di s ti n gu i s h ed by t h e

ri ba nd o r s t a r o f a n y o rd er dres s ed in a sc a rl et un ifo rm
,

c oa t w ith epa ul ett es w hit e breec h es , a n d t O p bo o t s

, .Hi s
ri ght h a n d h old s a ro ll o f p a per w hi c h res t s upo n a
ta bl e : a n d t he ba c kg ro un d is fo rme d by a hea v y c urta i n
w hi c h i s pa rt i a lly lift ed o n t he l eft h a n d s id e o f t he can v a s

a n d d i s c l o s es a ba l c o n y a n d a
p ill a r be y on d w hi c h m a y b e

di sc e rn ed w h a t is ev id en tly a v i ew o f th e M a id a n a n d Fo rt
Wi lli a m The l a bel up o n the pi c t ure d es c ri bes it a s a po rt
.

ra i t o f Li eut en a n t C ol o n el C o li n M a c k enz ie , S urvey o r

-

Gen e ra l a t M a dra s fro m 1 807 t o 1 81 9 , Co mma n di ng R o y a l

E n g i n eer a t t he red uc ti o n o f J a v a in 1 81 1 a n d S urvey o r
,

Gen era l o f I n di a fro m 1 81 9 t o 1 821 w h o di ed i n C a l c utt a

,

on t he 8th Ma y , 1 821 , at t he a ge o f 68. The iden t i fic a

ti o n is l
n ot soa ri n gly i n a pp m p ria te a s th a t w hi c h fo r mer
g .

ly p ro fes sed t o di sc ov er t he o r ig i n a l in Lo rd Cli v e : but

th ere is rea s on t o d oubt it s a cc ura c y O th er s h a v e s oug h t
.

47
7 38 L
C A C U T TA AN D n ew .

to c o n n ec t it ith M a j o r Gen era l J o h n Ga rs t in o f the

w -
,

”
C o rps o f E ng i n eers th e a rc h it ec t o f t he To w n H a ll
, .

w h o di ed in C a lc utt a o n F ebrua ry l 6th 1 820 a n d lie , ,

~

buri ed i n t he o ld s o ut h P a rk S t reet C emet ery I n bo t :

“

c a se s h o w ev er th ere is no t hi n g but t he meres t o f g ues

,
~
.

w o rk t o g o upo n : a n d s till l es s prob a bl e i s t he s u t i

gg e s or

w hi c h i s i n di rec tly ma d e i n t h e l a tes t editi o n o f M urra y

'

h a n d bo o k t h a t L o rd Go ug h t he v i c t o r o f C hil li a n w a lla:
,

a d
n G o o era t a n d C o mm a de r i
j ,
n m C h ie f i n -
I n di a f ro m 1 8 4 7

t o 1 849 is t h e i n di v id ua l re pr es en t ed
,
The t em p t a t io n L
.

r ea t t o id en t i fy t he pi c t ure w i t h t he full l en t h t i
g g p o r r a :
-

p a i n t ed by R o bert H o me in 1 81 2 o f Lo rd M i n t o G o v e rnor
, ,

G en er a l o f I n di a fro m 1 807 t o 1 81 3 a nd d ec l a red by C ole

n el R . H o me o f th e P ubli c W o rk s D ep a rt ment t o be i n Lb , :

To w n H a l l a t C a l c ut t a , in t h e c o ur s e o f a mi n ut e rec o rded
,

by h i m in 1 887 o n t he s ubj ec t o f t he p a i n ti ngs a tt ri b ut e d t r

h is di s ti n g ui s h ed g r a n dfa th er Th ere is un do ub t e d ly a
.

p o rtra it o f L o rd M in t o by H o me in t he As i a ti c S o c iety s
'

c o ll ec ti o n but it is a h a lf l en t h I thi i t u r d l
g n s p c e a n a so
-
.
,

in C h in nery s a c kno w l ed ged po rtra it o f the G o v e rn or

’

G en era l a t Go ver n men t H o us e t he c l osely c ro pp ed w h ite

,
-

h a i r a n d w hite w hi s k ers a re a s p ro mi nen t a s th e y a re in

t he p a i n ti n g o f t he un k n o w n befo r e us B ut t h e s i m i la ri tw
.

fa il s a s rega rd s t he f ea t ures a nd t he mi li ta ry un i fo n r
,

r a i ses a no th er di ffic ul t y i n a s muc h a s t he firs t E a rl of

,

M i n t o w as no t a s o ldi er U p o n t he q ues t i o n o f t he pa i n ter

. .

it i s po s s i bl e t o spea k w ith g rea t er c erta in t y The .

c o mpo s iti o n is a l mo s t ex ac tly th a t o f Ho me s po rt ra i t o f

'

Lo rd C o r n w a lli s , w hic h h a ng s in Go vern men t Ho use

'

M a dr a s t he fl a gs ta ff i n t h e la t t er g i v i n g t he perp en d ic ula r
.

w hi c h i n t h e To w n H a ll pi c t ure i s d o ne by t he pilla r .
740 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

W I LL IA M W I L BE R FO R C E BI R D .
—N ex t to hi m on the

i ht h a ngs
rg a fi ne f ul l -
l eng th p o rtra i t by F R S a y o f Mr
. . .

W I LL IAM W I L B E R FO R CE BIR D , of th e Benga l C i v i l S ervice,

w ho s a t a s a n O rdi n a ry M ember of the Supre m e E x ecu

ti ve C o unc il w ith o n l y s h o rt i n termi s s i on s fro m M arch

, , ,

1 838 t o S eptember 1 848 , He a c ted a s Pres i d en t o f the

.

C o un c il a n d D ep ut y G ov ern o r o f Beng a l in 1 842 w hile ,

L o rd E ll en bo ro ug h w a s g ra tifyi ng h is ta s te fo r p a g ea n try
a t Fe ro z ep o re : a n d c a rri ed o ut t he h uma n e d es i n s of
g
L o rd A uc kl a n d by s ig n i n g t he Ac t w hi c h fo rma ll y a bo li shed
s l a v e ry i n I n di a W h en L o rd E llen bo ro ugh w a s r ec alled
.

by t he B oa rd o f D i rec t o rs h e o ffi c i a t ed a s Go v ern o r Gene -

ra l , p en di ng t he a rri va l i n J uly 1 844 o f th a t e rra t ic s ta tes

ma n s s uc c es so r a n d br o th er in la w S i r H en ry H a r d inge
’
- -
.

The Ch a i rma n o f t he C o ur t r es po n s ib l e fo r t h i s m u c h cri -

t ic iz ed s t ep w a s M r J o h n C o t t o n fo r merly o f t h e M a dras
.
,

C iv il Servi c e w ho ha d in 1 833 ma rri ed t h e d a ug h t er of

,

M r B ird a s h is s ec o n d w i fe
. M r B ird di ed i n L o n don
. .

o n t he l s t J un e 1 857
, .

The t w o l a rg e pi c t ures O f Q U E E N V IC TO R IA a n d the

P R I N C E C O N S O R T by W i n t erh a l t er w hi c h a re n ex t in o rder .

w er e pr es en t ed t o t he To w n O f C a l c utt a i n 1 842 by D w a r ka

N a t h Ta go re o n t he oc c a s i o n o f h is v i s it t o Lo n d o n .

SI R H E N R Y C O TTO N .
—M id w a y bet w een thes e
t w o p ic

t ur es t h er e w a s pl a c ed i n t h e s p ri n g o f 1 904 th e m a rble

bus t by M r H H A r m s t ea d R A
. . . o f S i r H E N R Y J O BS
,
. .
,

S TE D M AN C O TTO N ,
Chi ef Sec ret a ry to th e Go
v e rn men t o f B en g a l fr o m 1 89 t1 o 1 8796 a n d from 1 896 to ,

1 902 Chi e f C o mmi s s i o n e r o f As s a m S i r Hen ry C o t t on .

 T HE TO W N HA LL . 741

w h o w as bo r n i n 1 845, is a member o f a n o ld Ang l o -

I n di a n
f a mily a nd t he g r a n d so n of M r J o h n C o t to n
. w hos e mena

ha s j us t been men ti o n ed i n c o n n ec ti o n w i t h M r . W illi a m

W il berfo rc e B ird Fo r mo re t h a n a c en t ury a n d a h a lf
.

t h e i n t er es t s o f h is f a m ily h a d been w r a pp ed up i n I n di a

a n d n o l es s t h a n fi ve gen era t i o n s o f h is f a mily h a v e c o n ti

n uo us ly s e rv ed t he G ov e rn me n t w h eth er o f J o h n Co mp a n y
,

o r o f t he Q ueen .His ow n a s s o c i a ti on w ith t he a dmin is

t ra t io n o f Ben ga l w a s o f t he mo s t i n ti m a t e c h a r a c t er .

He w a s U n d er Sec ret a ry t o Go ve rn men t un d er Si r

G eo rge C a mp bell J un i o r Sec r et a ry un d er S i r R i c h a rd
,

Templ e a n d S ir A s hl ey E d en a nd Sec ret a ry t o t he Bo a rd

,

o f R even ue un d e r S i r R i v er s Th o mp s o n By Si r S t eua rt
.

B a yl ey he w a s ma d e Sec re t a ry t o G ov er n men t a n d h is ,

ten ure o f offi c e a s Chi ef Sec ret a ry c on t i n ued th ro ug h t he

Li euten a n t Go v em o rs h ip o f S ir Ch a rles E lli o t t o th a t o f
‘

'
S i r A l ex a n de r M a c k en z i e F ro m fi r s t t o l a s t t h erefo re
.
, ,

h i s dir ec t c o n n ec ti o n w i t h t he G ov er n men t o f B en ga l
c ov ered a pe ri o d o f n ea rly t hir t y y ea rs : a n d d uri n t h
g e

w h o l e o f t h a t ti me h i s i n te re s t in t he c i v i c life o f C a l

out t a w a s o f t he c l os es t a n d k een es t d es c ripti o n Fo r .

ma n y y ea r s h e s erv ed a s a m embe r o f t he Co rp o r a ti o n ,

a n d a c te d as i t s Ch a i r ma n i n 1 887 d uri n t h e a b e o n
g s n c e

l ea v e o f Si r He n ry H a rri s o n Tw o v ea rs prev i o us ly h is a d
“

v oc a c y o f t h e c a us e o f t he r a t e p a y er s i n c o n n ec ti o n w i t h a

c o mmi s s i o n o f en q ui ry a pp o i n t ed by S i r R i v er s Th o m p s o n
.
,

w a s rec ogn i z ed by a n o ffer t o pl a c e h i s bus t i n t he

T o w n H a ll : but t h e h o n o ur w a s r es p ec t f ully d ec l i n ed a n d
th e pr es en t memo ri a l w a s e r ec t ed a f t er h is ret i re men t ,

tw en ty y ea rs l a t er The i n s c ri pt i o n up o n t he p ed es t a l
.

c ommemo r a t es S i r H en ry C o t t o n a s a t r ue F ri en d t o
 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E ‘V .

I n di a a n d he r a n d i t w o uld be h a rd t o n a me ano

t h e r O ffi c i a l s o un i v e r s al ly a n d c omp l et ely p o p ul a r w i t h the

I n di a n c o mm un i t y At t he rec en t Gen er a l E l ec t i o n Sir

.

H en ry w a s ret ur n ed t o P a rli a men t in t h e Li be ra l i n t erest

a s member f o r E a s t N o t t i n g h a m a n d a c t s a s Ch a i rma n of

t he I nd i a n P a rli a me n t a ry P a r t y i n t he H o us e o f C o m mons .

A repli ca o f t he bus t by t h e s a me s c ulp t o r h a s bee n pl ac ed

i n t h e To w n H a ll a t G o w h a t t y a s t he res ul t o f a p ublic
s ubsc ripti o n a mo n g t he i n h a bi t a n t s o f As s a m .

L O R D M E TC A L FE B ey o n d t h e pi c t ure o f t he P ri n c e C on
.
-

s o r t h an g s th a t O f L O R D M E T C A L FE t he Li be r a t o r o f the
,

I n di a n Pres s .Ch a rl es Th eo phil us Metca l fe w a s the

s ec o n d s o n o f S i r Th o m a s M e t c a lfe B a r t w ho h a v i ng
,
.
,

s er v ed i n a mili t a ry c a p a c i t y i n t he E a s t I n di e s a s Sir ,

B e r n a rd B urk e h a s it fi ll ed t he o ffi c e o f a D i rec t o r o f the

,

E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y fr o m 1 7 87 t o 1 81 2 a n d w a s c rea ted ,

a B a ro n et o n D ec e mber 2l s t 1 802 He w as bo rn a t Ca l
, .

c ut t a i n 1 7 85 , a nd a t t he a ge of 15 O bt a in ed a w ri t e rs h ip on
'

t h e B e n g a l E s t a bli s h me n t . perfo rme d h i s first

In 1 804 h e
pi ec e o f i mp o rt a n t p ubli c s ervi c e a s p o liti c a l a s s i s t a n t w i th
t he h e a d q ua r t e r s O f L o rd L a k e s a r my Thi s w a s fol
’
-
.

l o w ed t hr ee ye a r s l a t e r by h is d es p a tc h o n a s p ec i a l m i s s ion
t o t he C o ur t o f R un j ee t S i n g h a t L a h o re He t h en a c ted .

a s d ep ut y s ec r et a ry t o L o rd M i n t o w h en th a t G o v e r nor

G en e r a l v i s i t ed M a d ra s a n d in 1 81 1 he bec a me R e s id en t at
,

D elhi . L o rd M o ir a be t te r kn o w n perh a p s by h is la ter

,

t i t l e O f M a rq ues s O f H a s t i n g s a pp o i n t ed h i m h i s pri va te
,

s ec re t a ry i n 1 81 7 but i n t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r h e w a s po s ted
,

t o Hyd er a ba d a s R es id en t a t t he C o ur t o f t h e N i z a m On .

t he d ea t h i n 1 822 O f h i s eld er b r o th er Th eo phi l us w ho ,

7 44 L
C A C UTTA O LD AN D N EW .

fro m J a n ua ry 1 843 t o D ec embe r 1 845 he fi ll ed t h e o ffice of

G o v ern o r-Gene ra l o f C a n a d a In t he beg i n n i ng o f th
.

l a s t n a med y ea r he w a s a d v a n c ed t o t h e peer a g e a s Bard :

-

M et c a lfe o f Fer n H ill in t he c o un ty o f Berk s h i re but he ,

n ev er t oo k hi s s ea t in t h e H o us e o f Lo rd s Hi s h ea l th w as
.

beg i n n i n g t o fa il a n d he r es i gn ed h is Gov e r n o r G e n e ra lshi; -

a n d r et ur n ed t o E n l a n d
g w h e re,
h e di ed a t M a l s h a nger .

n ea r B a s i n g s t o k e He l e f t no h ei r s but t he b a ro n etc
.
,
w

d es c en d ed t o h i s b ro th er a n d i s s till en j oy ed by t h e f a mil}
The i n s c ripti o n w hi c h p erpet ua t es hi s me mo ry i n V V i n kfieic
P a ri s h Ch urc h w a s w rit t en by M a c a ul a y .

M et c a lfe p o p ul a ri t y in I n di a w a s v e ry g rea t He was

’
s .

un i ve r s a lly r ec og n i s ed a s a n a bl e a n d s a g a c i o us a dminL c

t r a t o r o f un i mp ea c h a bl e i n t eg rity a n d un ti ri n g i n d us trf .

a n d h is p a rt i c ip a ti o n i n t he Li bera t i o n o f t h e I ndia:
Pr es s w o n fo r h i m t h e es t eem o f An g l o I n di a n s a s well -

a s o f t he p eo pl e o f t he c o un try Th e M etc a lfe H a ll

.
,
a.

t h e c o r n er o f H a r e S t reet a n d the S tra n d R oa d w a s erecttf

l
.
,

in h is h o n o ur a ll t he d i ff eren t p ubli c s ubs c ri p t i o n s being

,

c o mbi n ed fo r t h e p urp o s e . His bus t by E H B a i ly R A . .

,
. .

w hi c h s t o o d un t il rec en tly i n t h e v es t i bul e o f t he H a ll ha ,

s

n o w been t r a n s f erred t o t h e V i c t o ri a M emo ri a l H a ll c ollet

t i o n a t t he I n di a n M us eum .A s t a t ue by t he s a me s c ulpto r

ma y be s een i n t he C en t r a l P a rk a t Ki n g s to n i n J a maica
Th e e r a r e p o rtr a i t s o f h i m be s id
, e s t h e pr es e n t o ne at ,

E t o n ( by J J . M a
. s p e r ie r
) i n t
,
h e O ri e n t a l Cl u b L o n d on
,

T l T h
( y
b F R S y) d i h Ki t w H l
t s o n o n a e
. . a a n ,
n e n g .

To w n H a ll p o r t r a it i s a c o py o f t he o n e by F R S a y
.
in .

t he O ri e n t a l Cl ub i n L o n d o n a n d i s by Ch a rl
,
es P o te a ,

l oc a l a r t i s t o f m i x ed A n g l o I n di a n p a ren t g
- a e A s
.ec ond
 THE To w N HALL . 7 45

co pyof pi c t ure
the ,
by H a y es is a t ,
Go v e r n men t H o us e in
t h e brea kfa s t r oo m o n t h e fi r s t fl oo r .

KE S H U B C HU N D E R S E N — N ex t t o L o rd M et c a lfe is a
l a rge f ull l en g th po rtr a i t ( p a i n t ed by M ui r W hi t e in 1 886)
-

o f KE S H U B C H U N D E R S E N t he g rea t H i n d u rel ig i o us refo r

,

mer . He w a s bo rn in 1 838 a n d i n 1 857 j o i n ed t h e Adi

,

Bra h mo S o m a j un d er t he l a te M a h a r s hi D eben dra N a th

Tag o r e In 1 865 he w i t hd rew fr o m t he s oc i ety o w i n g t o
.

di ff er en c es o f O pi n i o n D eben d ra N a t h a dh eri ng t o a mo re
,

c o n s e rv a t i v e p o li c y i n ma t t er s o f ce r em o n i a l a n d c us t o ms ,

a n d Ke s h ub a d v o c a ti n g a rup t ur e w i t h t h e p a s t i n s uc h i m

po rt a n t q ues t i o n s a s w id o w r ema rri a ge a n d i n ter c a s t e -

ma t ri m o n i a l c o n n ec t i o n s . I n 1 866 h e s t a r t ed t he B r a h mo
So ma j .I n Feb r ua ry 1 870 he w en t t o E n gl a n d a n d h a d
a n a ud i en c e o f t h e Q ueen It w a s c hi efly th ro ugh h i s ex
.

ert io n s th a t t he Ci v i l M a rri a e Ac t bec a me l a w i n 1 87 2

g .

It pr o h i bi t s bi ga my a n d pe r mi t s rema rri age o f w id o w s a n d ,

l ega li z es i n t er ma rri a ge w h en bo t h p a rti es h a v e ma d e a

dec l a r a t i o n t h a t th ey w e re n o t Hi n d us M a hom eda n s
, ,

J a i n s Ch ri s t i a n s B uddhi s t s o r P a r s i s
, ,
I n 1 878 K es h ub
.

ma rri ed h is d a ught e r t o t h e M a h a r a j a h o f C oo c h Be h a r
a cc o rd i n t Hi d u rit d t hi w a f o ll o w ed by t h e
g o n e s : a n s s

d efec t i o n o f a s ec t i on o f h is fo ll o w er s w ho fo r med t he S a d ,

s a ra n B r a h mo So ma j Kes h ub s a ddres s es w h et h e r de li
’
.
,

v er ed i n B en g a lee O r i n E n g li s h w ere r em a rk a bly im

,

p r es s i v e b u t h e n ev e r a t t a i n e d t o t h e r a n k o r t h e i n fl uen c e

of a
p o w e rf u l H i n d u r e f o r m e r s u c h a s Ch a it a n y a H e di e
.d
a f t e r a li n geri ng ill n es s o n J a n ua ry 8th 1 878 a t t he a ge o f
, ,

o n ly f o rt y .

H EN R Y T HO B Y P R IN SEp — I mmedi a t ely bel o w t he

. pi c t ure
7 46 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N EW .

of B a boo Ke s h ub C hund e r Sen a n d i n t h e upp er corncrof

,

t he l e ft h a n d s ta irc a s e is a ma r ble bus t o f H E N R Y Tu

-
, es

P R I N S E P t h e e ld e r t he M aece n a s o f S a n s k ri t a n d Persaa
, ,

l ea r n i n g o f h is da y a n d t he un a v a il i n g o p po nent o
,
f

M a c a ul a y in h is effo r t s t o es t a bli s h E n g li s h a s t he median

o f ed uc a t i o n i n I n di a At t he c o mme n c em e n t o f the w e:
.

1 835 t h e O pe r a t i o n s o f t he C o mmi tt ee o f P ubli c Instru

, t

t i o n o f w hi c h M a c a ul a y w a s Pres id en t w e r e b ro ught t
, ,

a s t a n d s t ill by a d ec id ed di ffer en c e o f O pi n i o n H al f 1h .

membe r s w e r e i n fa v o ur o f A r a bi c P er s i a n a n d Sa nskr:
,

l ea rn i n g : t he o t h er h a lf in fa v o ur o f E ng li s h a n d the Vt “

n a c ula r . The ba t t l e w a s f o ug h t o v er a s um o f ten thet

s a n d p o un d s s e t a p a rt b
y P a rli a m en t fo r t h e p r o m o t i on cf

li t er a t ure a n d s c i en ce a n d t he en c o ur a g em e n t of ti!
”
sick
“
l ea r ned n a t i ves o f I n di a O n t he
. A n gl i c a n
M a c a ul a y w a s s up po r t ed by h s bro h er
i t i n l a w S Ci r - h a r le
-s

Tr evely a n t hen a ri s i n g B en g a l c i ili

,
v a n D r A l e x a n
,
de r .

D uff w o s e h p r r
o t a ti h a gs
n e l s ew h e r e i n t he H a ll J oh n
,
,

R us s ell C o l v i n w ho w a s t o meet h is d ea t h in t h e
,

e d F o r t a t Ag r a d uri n g t h e M ut i n y R i c h a rd ,

”
O f t he r ev en ue s e t t l emen t O f t h e
“
t he f a t he r
“ es t er n Pro v i n c es a n d H o l t M a c K en z ie w ho w a s
'

, ,

w a rd s s w o r n o f t he Pri v y C o un c il o n a pp o i n t m e n t to th

S ec re t a rv s h ip t o t he B o a rd O f C o n tr l o T h e l ea
. der s o f th f

O rie n t a lns t s w e re H o r a c e H a y ma n W il s o n Lo ng ifl
'

u ev f
,

H en ry Th o by J a mes t he l a t t e r As s a y M a s t er a t ( H
a nd ,

J
M in t a n d epo n y mo us h e ro o f P ri n s ep s Gh fi t m i l
’
So e c ei .

o f t h e s t r o n g feeli n g ex c i t ed m a y be f o r med fr o m t f
he acti

t h t Cl rk t u lly h ll n ed D r D uff t o a d uel A n e h '

a a e a c a c a e g . .

bo r a t e m i n ut e w a s pr es en ted t o t he C o un c il by Macaulaf
7 48 L
C A C UTTA O L D AN D n ew .

p o M a j o r G en er a l Sm W I LL IAM N O TT , G G R
rt ra i t of - .

C omma n d er o f t he Arm y o f K a nd a h a r a n d c a pturer

Gh uz nee i n th e A fg h a n W a r o f 1 842 N o t t w ho w a s
.
,

i n 1 7 82 w a s th e s ec on d s o n o f a H erefo rd sh i re yeo
,

a n d i n n k eepe r
- A Be ng a l C a d et s hip w as O bt a i n ed for
.

a n d he emba rked fo r I nd i a i n 1 800 He fi rs t s a w a

.

s erv ic e i n a s ma ll ex pedi t i o n d es p a t c h ed a a i n s t t he tn
g
o n t he w es t c o a s t o f S um a t ra un d e r C a pta i n H a y es of

B o mba y M a ri n e i n 1 803 He did n o t ag a i n se rv e in

.

field un til 1 838 w he n o n t he o ut brea k O f th e fi r s t Af

,

W a r in 1 838 h e w a s pla c ed a t t he h ea d O f t he 42n d N

I n fa n t ry a n d i mmedi a tely a f t er pro mo ted t o M a j o r “

ra l a n d a p p o i n t ed t o c o mm a n d t he 2n d B ri a d e of
g
l s t D i v i s i o n o f t h e A r my o f t he I n d us He w a s l eft
.

hi n d a t Q uet t a w h il e t he a r my un de r Si r J o h n K ea ne
,

fo r w a rd t o K a bul t o pl a c e Sha h S uj a h o n t he thm

L a t er he w a s pl a c ed i n c h a rge a t K a n d a ha r a n d h ere ,

n ew s r eac h ed h i m o f t he murd er O f B a r ne s a n d M a c n agh

a n d t he r etr ea t a n d a n n ihil a ti o n o f E lp h i n s t o n e s for m ’

B ut he br a v ely h eld his g r o un d an d re pea t ed ly 111,

o ut a nd bea t t h e e n e my w h erev e r he c o uld S ir Gm.

P o ll oc k fo rc ed t he Khy be r a n d r eli eved S a l e a t J ella labad?!

a n d a fe w mo n t lm l a t e r N o t t o n c e mo re l ed h is s e o s u l
p y
o f K a n d a ha r s t o r med G h uz n ee o n t he 3ot h A ugus t an!
, ,

j o i n ed P o ll oc k a t K a bul L a dy S a l e a n d her fel l o w ca pti ves

.
-

w ere r es c ued by Sir R i c h mo n d S h a k es pea r ( t he p13“ .

fell o w o f Th a c kera y s y o uth ) t he g rea t

’

,
B a z a r of K a bu l w!

bl ow n up i n ex pi a t i o n o f M a c n a g h t en m d E fl
’
s u rd re a n c
,

a nd P l
ol oc k r r
et u ne d t o I n di a t o r ece i v e a K n i g hth oo d ad
a h an d s o me p e n s i o n fr o m t h e C o ur t o f D i re c t o r s N ot .

v i s ited E n g l a nd i n 1 844 but h is h ea l t h w a s co mplete?

,
!
 THE TO W N HA LL .

Iken ,
an d di ed a t C a er ma rth en o n J a n uary l st 1 845
he .

s o n O f h is Ch a rles Augus tus N o tt w ho w a s a n Adv o

, ,

:e O f t h e Supreme C o urt li es buri ed i n the Ci rc ul a r

,

rad C emetery a n d t w o i n fa nt s on s in the So ut h Pa rk

,

re e t B uri a l G r o un d -
His w i fe w ho di ed s udd en ly a t
.
,

~
lh i i n 1 838 w a s a d a ugh t er o f M r Hen ry S w i n h oe a
, .
,

td i n a tt o r n ey a n d me mbe r o f a fa mily s t ill w ell kn ow n

g
C a l c utt a Th e re a re a n umber o f p ubli c memo ri a l s O f
.

r W i lli a m N o tt A full l en gth po rtra it by B ri gs t oc k , a

.
-

h an g s in t he To w n H a ll a t C a erma rt h en
'

e l s h a rti s t ,

d a s t a t ue o f hi m s t a n d s in t he m a rk et plac e O f t he sa me -

wn . The O ri en t a l Cl ub in Lo n d on a l s o pos s es s es a
.

:t ur e O f h i m An d yet t hi s p a i n ti ng in t he C al c utt a To w n
.

a ll w a s un t il t w o o r three y ea rs ag o a bs urdly l a bell ed

, ,

t h t he n a me o f Lo rd W elles l ey ‘
.

R e t ur n i n g t o t he upp er l o bby ,
we fin d a m ber
nu of bus t s .

I dpi c t ures c o n fro n ti n g us a s w e s eek t o en te r th e g rea t

B eg i n n i ng fro m t he l eft t he fi r s t is t he po rtr a it O f
,

a w a b B a h a d ur A B D U L L U TE E F fo un d er o f t h e
,

a h o meda n Lite r a ry S oc i ety o f C a l c utt a a n d o n e o f th e

'
,

O s t e n li g h t ened a n d pro g res s i v e M a h o meda n s o f h is ti me

828 He w a s a di s ti n gui s h ed ex ec uti v e serv a n t

G o ve rn men t a n d M ember o f t he Ben g a l L egi s l a ti v e
oun c il fro m 1 862 t o 1 875 .

SIR W I LL IAM C A S E M E N T — On
h a n d s id e o f th e
t he left

t t ra n c e i s a M a rbl e bus t O f Ma j o r Ge n er a l SIR W IL L IAM

.
-

A S E M EN T ,
o f t h e B en ga l A r my Milit a ry Member ,

I t h e S upreme C o un c i l fro m 1 839 t o 1 844, w ho di ed O f

no lera a t C os s i po re a t t h e a ge O f 64 o n Ap r il l 6t h o f the
'

1s t n a med y ea r Th e i n s c ri pti o n ove r his to mb in the

.
7 50 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N ew .

‘
Ci rc ul a r R o a d B uri a l-g ro un d
rec o rd s t h a t a fter 47 yea .

a n d 6 mo n th s o f di s ti ng ui s he d s ervi c e p a rt ly in the lid:

,

'

p a rt ly a s S ec re ta r y to t h e G o v e r n men t i n t he Mil i ta ry
p a rt m en t a n d fi n a l ly a s a M embe r o f Co un c i l w h en abr ,

t o proc eed t o h is n a t i v e c o un t ry c ro w n ed w i t h w ell

h o n ours a nd di s ti n c t i o n s he w a s s w a y ed by a s en s e
,

t o a c ced e t o t he pr es s i n g i ns t a n c e O f t he Go v ern o r

i n Co un c il t o d efe r h is d ep a rt ure fro m I nd i a a s t ep w

e x po sed h i m t o t he a tt a c k O f t he f a t a l ma l a dy w hi c h te

n a t ed h is v a l ua bl e life He s e rv ed t h ro ug hout
.

La ke s c am pa i gn s o f 1 803 a n d 1 804 a n d al s o i n the N e

’

w a r o f 1 81 5 His t en ure O f t he O ffi ce O f Sec reta ry in

.

M ili t a ry D ep a rt men t beg a n i n 1 81 8 a nd l a s t ed

yea rs .

SI R H E N R Y N O R M AN — U po n t he w a ll a bo v e is a porn
( p a i n t ed in t he se v en ti es ) Of F ield- M a rs h a l S IR Hrs
V V
vL E N O R M AN ,
It is
s i x t y t w o re
; -

ag o — 1 844— s i n c e S ir H en ry N o rma n O bt a i n e d h is fi rst

p o i n t men t i n to t he Ben ga l I n fa n try a n d s e r ved t hro ugh

S ikh W ar of 1 848 49 a n d w a s in ma n y a c ti o n s o n th
-
,

a w a r fro n ti er a s pri n c i a l s t a ff Ofi ic er D u ri t h
p n
g
. e

M uti n y he w a s A s s i s t a n t Adj ut a n t Gen e r a l a n d actifq

-

Adj ut an t Gene ra l a n d w a s pres en t a t t he s i ege an d ca ptufl

-
,

O f D elhi a n d t he r eli ef a n d ca pt ure O f L uc k n o w He Wit .

s ubs eq uen tl y A s s i s t a n t M ili t a ry Sec re t a ry t o t he D u kevl;

C a mbrid ge a n d returned to I n di a a s M ili t a ry Secretall
,

t o t h e G ov er n men t o f I nd i a F ro m 1 870 t o 1 877 he mt

.

M ilit a ry M ember o f t he S upreme C o un c il a n d sa t in ,

C o un c i l O f t he Sec reta ry o f S t a t e fo r I n di a fro m 1 87

1 883 .In 1 883 he w a s a ppo i n t ed Go v e r n o r o f J amaica
7 52 L
C A C U TTA O LD A N D N EW .

di sc ipl e o f Ben t h am a n d fri en d O f M a ca ula y : for his

w h o l e p ubl i c li fe is d eep ly ti n ged by h is a s s o c i a tion with

t he s e t w o g rea t ma s t er s t he o n e o f t ho ug ht a n d t he other
,

o f a c ti o n He w a s bo rn i n 1 795 a n d w a s t he so n o f Charles
.
, .

C a mero n Go v er n o r Of t he B a h a ma I s l a n ds by Lad?
, ,

M a rg a ret Ha y d a ugh t er O f t he fo urteen t h E a rl o f Emil

,
.
=

His g rea t g r a n dfa the r D r A rc h i bal d C a mer o n w as the

-
, .
,

y o un ger b ro t h er o f D o n a ld C a me ro n
"

g en t l e L,oc h i el ,

w h o p l a yed s o pro mi n en t a p a rt i n th e ri s i n g o f t h e c la ns e
'

1 7 45 a n d w a s hi ms el f o n e O f t he c hi ef a mo n g th ose win
,

h elp ed t o co n c ea l B o n n i e Pri n c e Ch a rl i e in the Hig hlands

Hi s ex ec uti o n in 1 753 pro vo k ed muc h a n i ma d v e rs i on am
a bitt er c o mmen t upo n t h e a c t i o n o f G eo rge I I f ro m Dr

J o hn s o n . M r C H C a mero n w a s c a ll ed to t h e ba r 2
. . .

Li n c o l n s In n i n 1 820 a n d en j o y ed t h e di s t i n c t i o n o f heirs
'

a di s c ipl e a n d ul t i ma te ly p erh a p s t he l a s t s urv i v i n di ip k

, g s c

o f J er emy B en t h a m W h en t he Ac t o f 1 833 a d d ed a fourtt

.

member t o t h e S U p reme C o un c il i n I n di a ( w h i c h a nd
th en ha d been t he C o un c il o f B en gal ) a n d es t a bli s h ed a La'
C o mmi s s i o n o f w hi c h o n e member w a s t o be a ppo intefi
,

fro m E ng l an d Ma c a ul a y w a s s el ec t ed fo r t he fo r mer as:

,

C a mero n fo r t he l a t t er po s t O n M a c a ul a y s res ig n atio

.
’ ’
.

o f t h e o ffi c e O f La w M ember i n J a n ua ry 1 838 C a me t o urs

,

pro v i s i o n a lly a pp o i n t ed He rec ei ved t he per m a n en t 8;

.

p o i n t m e n t i n 1 842 o n t h e r etir em e n t O f M r A n d r ew A m o.s

a n d h eld i t un t i l M a rc h 1 848 w h en he w a s s uc c eeded 13?

,

M r J o h n E lli o t t D ri n k w a t e r B eth un e w ho s e efi o rts o

'
r
.
,

beh a l f O f fema l e ed uca t i o n in I n di a are c o mmemo r a ted I: :

t h e B eth un e C o ll ege M r C a mero n t oo k a n i mpo rtant

. .

p a rt in t he w o rk o f c o di fic a ti o n beg un by M aca ula y an: ,

w a s h is c h i ef a d v i s er a n d ( n o ope r a t o r in t he r a r a ti on
p pe
-
 T HE TO W N HA LL .

) f t he I n di a n P en a l C od e w hi c h di s p l a y s a bun d a n t s i gn s
,

> f B e n t h a m s i n s pi ra t i o n His i n t eres t in t he i n t rod uc ti o n

’
.

) f E n g li s h ed uc a t i o n a m o n g t he n a t i v es o f I n di a w a s

g r e a t a n d d u ri n g t h e w h o l e o f h i s s t a y i n t h e c o u n t ry h e

w a s a membe r o f t he B o a rd O f E d uc a t i o n a n d s uc c eed ed
'

M a c a ul a y a s it s Pres id en t . O n h is d epa r t ure t he g r a t ef ul

e e l in g s o f t h e e d uc a t ed n a t i v e c o mm un i t y fo un d ex p re ss i o n
'

m a p ubli c me et i n g a t w hi c h h e w a s fo r ma lly t h a n k ed a n d
,

a s k ed t o s it fo r t h e p o r t r a i t w hi c h h a n g s be fo re us A ft er
.

h i s r et ur n t o E n gl a n d he li v ed in r et i r eme n t but i n 1 853 ,

h e p ubli s h ed a n A ddr es s t o P a rli a men t O n t h e d ut i es O f

G re a t B ri t a i n t o I n di a in res p ec t O f t he ed uca t i o n o f n a t i v es
”
a n d t he ir O ffi c i a l e mpl o y men t ,i n w hi c h h e a d v oca t ed a
m o re li be r a l t rea t men t O f t he Hi n d oo po p ul a t i o n . He w a s
a m a n o f c ult ured i n t ell ec t an d i n t i ma t e w ith t he mo s t d i s

t i n g uis hed men o f h is da y es pec i a lly B r o w n i n g Ten n y s o n

, , ,

a nd S ir H en ry Ta ylo r w ho w e re freq uen t v i s i t o r s a t

,

h i s h o us e a t F res hw a t e r in t h e I s l e o f W i g ht . I n l a t er
l i fe h e w o re a l o n g fl ow i n g w hite bea rd o f pa tri a rc h a l?
d i m e n s i o n s w hi c h e n ti rely a lt er ed h is a pp ea r a n c e fro m
w h a t it h a d been i n I n di a . He di ed in 1 880 a t t he g rea t
a g e o f 85 : s urv i v i n g by o n e y ea r h i s w ife w h o m he h a d ,

m a rri e d i
. n I n di a i n 1 83 8 . M r s J u li
. a M a rg a r et C a me r o n

w a s t he t hi rd d a ug h t e r o f M r J a mes P a t t l e t he
. Fa th er
o f t h e Be n g a l Ci v i l S e rv i c e a t t h e ti me o f h is d e a th i n C a l

cu t t a i n 1 8 4 5 : a n d i n l a t e r lif e i n E n l a n d s h e beca me
g
fa m o us a s a n ex po n en t o f a r t i s t i c ph o tog ra phy A mo ng .

he r s it t e r s w e r e T e n n y s o n ,
B r o w n i ng , G a r i ba ldi H err ,

J o a c hi m a n d Si r J oh n H ersc h el t he a s tro n o mer , w ho h a d

,

be e h fri d fr m i rlh o o d a n d w h o se s o n W illi a m

n e r e n o g , ,

n o w a r et i red B eng al Ci v ili a n a n d t he p res en t ba r o n et w a s ,

48
 7 54 '

L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N EW .

t he i n v en to r of t he s y s te m of id en t i fic a t i o n by thumb
m a rk s .

R AJ A H S I R R AD HA KA N TA D E B z— I mmedi a t ely bel ow the

p o r t ra i t o f M r C H C a me ro n is a fi n e m a r bl e bust of
. . .

R a j a h S I R R A D HA KAN TA D E B B a h a d ur one o
,
‘

t he mo s t e m i n e n t O f t h e m a n y emi n e n t men p ro d uced br

t he fa mo us S o bh a ba z a r R a j fa mily He w a s bo r n in ca
.

c ut t a i n 1 7 84 a n d w a s t he s o n O f R a j a h GO p ee Mohu
,
r

D eb w ho i n h is t ur n w a s t he a d o p t ed s o n o f t he c e lebratt c
,

M a h a r a j a h N ubk is s en Cli v e s P e r s i a n S ec ret a ry

,
’
He diet .

a t B ri n d a ba n i n 1 887 ha v i n g d ev o t ed t he w h o l e o f h is lii
'

t o t he c ul t i v a t i o n O f li t er a t ure t he s prea d o f E n g li s h ede

,

ca tio n a n d t he r ev i v a l O f S a n s kri t l e a r n i ng
, He w a . s

z ea l o us c o a dj ut o r o f D a v id H a re i n es t a bli s h i n g villag!
s c h oo l s a n d w a s t he fi r s t mo d e r n Hi n d o o w ho a d v ocated
,

fema l e ed uc a t i o n In reli gi o n h e w a s t he mo s t o rt hodm

.

O f H i n d oos a n d h
,
i s ri g id c o n s e rv a t i s m w o u ld n o t p erm fl

h mi t o s upp o r t L o rd W ill i a m B e n t i n c k s l eg i s l a t i o n
'
fu t

t he a bo li t i o n O f s ut t ee t he s uppres s i o n O f po ly g a my are
, ,

t h e c o n fe rri n g o f t he ri gh t O f i nhe ri t a n ce i n c a s es o f i ntr a

t a c y up o n N a t i v e Chri s t i a n c o n v e r t s
-
In a ll t h es e move.

men t s h e led t he o r t h o d o x c o m mun i t y a n d pro t es t ed a ctiw

Iy but i n effec t ua lly ag a i n s t t h ei r i n c l us i o n i n t h e S ta tue
,

Boo k . Th e i n d ep en d en t a n d un c o mpro mi s i n g a t t i t ude lz r

.

a s s umed in c o n n ec t i o n w i t h t h e s e q ues t i o ns did n o t how

e v e r O p er a te a s a ba r t o t he f a v o ur a n d c O n fi den ee o f Gov

e rn ment He pr es id ed o v er t he B ri ti s h I n di a n A s soc ia tior

.

f ro m 1 857 t o h is d ea th w a s c r ea t ed a R a j a h B a h a d ur on
,

J uly l ot h 1 837 a n d on t he ex t en s i o n O f the O rder of th:

, ,

S t a r o f I n di a i n 1 866 w a s t he o n ly Ben ga lee gen t leman

 7 56 L
C A C U TTA O LD A N D N EW .

c a na l ,
w hi c h pe n ed in 1 830 : a n d i n t h e fol lo wing
w as o

yea r he s uc c eed ed to t he c h a rge o f t he c a n a l wh i c h he held ,

un t il 1 843 The g rea t w o rk o f h is li fe t he G a n g es Canal

.
, .

w hi c h is h ere c o m memo r a t ed a n d w hi c h w a s t h e s ubject ,

O f a f a mo us c o n tr o v e rs y w i t h S i r A rth ur C o t t o n o f ri val

e n g i n ee ri n g f a me w a s un d er c o n s id er a t io n fo r m a n y years
,

bef o re it w a s a c t ua lly t a k en in h a n d I t w a s fi rs t rec on

.

men d ed by h i m a t a v e ry ea rly pe ri od O f h is s e r v i c e : be:

i t w a s n o t un ti l 1 837 38 t h a t t he s ev ere fa m i n e l ed t o the
-

re ex a mi n a t i o n o f t h e pr o j ec t : a n d i n 1 840 h e s ubmi tted

-

a re p o r t t o L o rd A uc kl a n d w hi c h w a s s a n c t i o n e d bv Gov
,

e rn men t The a c t ua l c o n s t ruc t i o n O f t he w o r k w a s not

. .

h o w ev er c o mmen c ed un t il 1 843 a n d it s pro g res s w a s mud

, ,

re ta rd ed by t he O pp o s i t i o n O f Lo rd E ll enbo r o ug h l .

1 845 C a ut ley w a s c o m pel led by ill h ea l t h t o t a k e l ea ve 1

“

-
,

r
E u o e a ndp ,
d u ri n g h i s a b se n c e h i s pl a c e w a s fi ll e d b x

M a j o r a ft e rw a rd s S i r W i lli a m B a k er
, ,
O n h i s re t urn tr
.

I n di a i n 1 848 he w a s a ppo i n t ed D i rec t o r o f C a n a l s in the

,

N o rt li W es t Pro v i n c es U n d e r t h e a c t i ve en co ura g ement

.

o f L o rd D a lh o us i e a n d o f t h e Li eut e n a n t Go v e rno r -
Mr ,
.

J a mes Th o ma s o n t he c a n a l ma d e r a pid p ro g res s a n d wa

, ,
s

O pe n ed o n t h e 8t h O f A pril 1 854 ,
In t he fo ll o w i n g month
.

C a ut ley l e f t I n di a rec ei v i n g o n t h e oc c a s i o n O f h is em
,

b a r k a t i o n t h e h o n o u r O f a s a l u t e fr o m t h e g u n s O f F o r:

W am O illi r hi E l d h r d K i h
'

w t t
n
. e a c n g n
g a n e a s c e a e a n g
C o mma n d er o f t he O rd er O f t he B a t h a n d in 1 858 he was ,

l
s e ec t e d t o fi ll o e n O f h
t e s e a t s O n t h e n e w ly c o n s t i tu te d -

C o un c il O f I n di a w hi c h he ret a i ne d un t il 1 868 He di ed at
,
.

S yd h
en a m o n th e 2 5 t h O f J a n u a ry 1 8 7 1 I n,
a ddi t i o
. n t o h is

ac hi ev e me n t s a s a n E n g i n e e r S i r P,r o b y C a n t l ey re n d e re d

i i
d s t ngu s e i h d s e r v i c e i n c
,
o n j u n c t i o n w i t h D r H u g h .
 T HE TO W N HA LL .

F l
a c on e r, by h i s g e o l o g i c a l
p a l aeo n t o l o g i c a l ex pl o r a
a n d
t i o n s in j o i n t di sc o v eri es O bt a i n ed
t h e S ew a ll i k s : a n d t h ei r

f o r t h em i n 1 837 t he a w a rd by t h e G eo l o g i c a l S oc i et y o f t h e
‘V o ll a s t o n M e d a l i n d upli c a t e B o t h C a n t l ey a n d F a lc o ne r
.

8 8 er e pr o m i n en t me m be r s o f t h e A s i a t i c S oc i et y
( 1 0 1-
86 5 ) w

o f B en g a l d uri n g t h ei r r es id e n ce i n B en a l : a n d a ma r bl e
g
b us t by B ut le r o f t he l a t t e r a n d a pl a s t er c a s t O f t he bus t
i n t h e To w n H a ll o f t he f o r me r s t a n d i n t he S oc i et y s
’

ro o m s .

“ h a ve m pl et ed r y pi c t ur es
'

e now co o ur s u v e o f t he a nd

b us t s i n t he l obby . P a s s i n g i n t o t h e g rea t s a l o o n w e m a y
,

tu rn a t o nc e t o t he ri g h t a n d proc eed t o t he w es t ern en d o f

th e r oo m .

S IR H EN RY HAR RI S O N — Th e firs t
o f t he pi c t ur es up o n t he

n o r t her n w a ll is t h a t o f S i r H E N R Y L E L A N D H A R R I S O N of ,

t h e B en g a l C i v il S erv i c e Ch a i r ma n o f t h e C o rp o r a ti o n o f
,

C a l c ut ta fro m 1 881 t o 1 890 w ho di ed o f c h o le r a a t Chi t t a

,

n g i n t h e y e a r 1 89 2 a t t he a O f 5 5 I t c a n h a rdly be
g o g e .

s a i d t h a t t h e p a i n t i n g a d eq ua t ely c o m me mo r a t es t h e m a n

o r t h e ma n y i m po rt a n t s e r v i c e s r en d e red by h i m t o t h e t o w n

O f C a l c ut t a A s a n un d erg r a d ua t e S i r H en ry H a rri s o n
.

fi ll e d t h e o ffic e o f P re s ide n t of t he O x fo rd U n i o n
S o c i et y in 1 860 a s a D i s t ri c t O ffi c er i n B en g a l h is re p ut a
t i o n s t o o d s ec o n d t o n o n e : a n d a s Ch a ir m a n o f t he C o r

p o r a t io n h e n o t o n ly g a i n ed t h e c o n fi d e nc e o f t h e p o p ul a r
rep res en t a t i v es o f t he c i t y but a d v a n ced n umero us i mp o r
,

t a n t s a n i t a ry a n d o t h e r r ef o r ms w hi c h c o mpl et ely a l t e red

t h e a s pec t o f C a l c ut t a Th e g r ea t c en t r a l r o a d w hi c h c o n
.

n e c t s H o w r a h B rid ge w i t h S e a ld a h R a il w a y S t a t i o n is per

h a p s t h e mo s t s t ri ki n g o f h is m un i c ip a l a c hi eve men t s a n d ,
is pro p erly h o n o ured w i t h h is n a me O n h is re t i re ment .

fro m t he O ffic e o f Ch a i r ma n he w a s a ppo i n t ed a membe

o f t he B o a rd o f R ev e n ue a n d w a s h o ldi n g t h i s a ppo int
,

men t a t t he t i me o f h is s udd e n d ea t h He w a s k n ighted .

i n 1 887 o n t he o c c a s i o n o f t he J ubil ee o f Q uee n V i c t o ria :

.

a n d w a s f ro m 1 886 t o 1 89 2 a l e a di n g membe r o f t h e Ben

g a l L eg i s l a t i v e C o un c il .

A ma r bl e b us t of H e n ry H a rri s o n w h i c h w a s the
S ir
o ut c o me o f a s p o n t a n eo us s ubs c ri t i on by t he m e m be rs of
p
t he C o rp o r a ti o n a n d t he o ffic i a l s a n d s ubo rdi n a t es o f the

M un ic i p a li t y fo r merly s t o o d i n the l o w er c o rn e r o f the

,

l eft h a n d s t a i rc a s e l ea di n g t o t he v es t i bul e w e h a v e just

,

q ui t t ed . I t w a s un v eil ed o n M a y 3l s t 1 893 by S i r Henrr , ,

C o t t o n t h en Chi e f S ec ret a ry t o t h e Go v e r n me n t o f B e nga l

, .

a n d is in ev e ry w a y a w o r t hi e r me mo ri a l t h a n t hi s po rt ra it

o f o n e o f t he
g r ea t e s t a n d m o s t s u c c e s s ful c h a i r m e n w h o

h a v e pres id ed o v e r t he mun i c ip a li t y o f t he c a pi t a l c it v of
t h e E mpi r e D uri n g t he c o ur s e o f t he p res en t y ea r ( 1 903
?
.

i t w a s r e mo v ed i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h a res o l ut i o n O f th
,
e

C o rp o r a t i o n t o t he en t ra n c e l o bby o f t he Mun i c i p a l C oun

,

c il Ch a mbe r i n t h e n ew o ffi c e s i n C rp o r a t i o
o n S t ree t tr»

h r h of Mr “ i l l i a m M ea r n s S
'

e t w i t t h b u s t o ut t ar
g e e . .

Ch a i r m a n o f t he C o rp o r a t i o n fro m 1 878 t o 1 881 a n d the ,

p o r t ra i t s o f M r J o h n B l es s i n g t o n R o be rt s C h a i r ma n of
. ,

t he J us t i c es fr o m 1 86 2 t o M r H a rry Lee C ha ir
.
,

ma n o f t he C o rpo r a t i o n fro m 1 890 t o 1 89 5 a n d M r Robert , .

Turn b ull , S ec r et a ry t o t he C o rpo ra t i o n from

1 85 7 t o 1 888 a l l o f w hi c h h a d f o r med un t il t h a t t i me pa rt
,

o f t h e To w n H a ll c o ll ec t i o n .

B I S HO P W I L S O N —N ex
’
. t to t h e pi c t ure of S i r Henn
'
7 60 CA L C U TTA O LD A N D N EW .

w r o t e W il s o n h en t he s ubj ec t w a s firs t m e n t io n ed t o
,
w

h i m : a n d he h eld t he mi t r e a c c ep t ed un d e r s uc h a d v e rs e
c o n di t i o n s fo r t w e n t y s i x y ea r s a l t h o ug h h e w a s i n h i
-
, s

5 5t h y ea r w h en he a rri v ed a t C a l c ut t a i n N o v e m b e r 1 832 , .

He en t ered a t o n c e up o n h is d uti es w i t h a z ea l a n d e n e rgy

t h a t n ev er r el a x ed His t o ur s t hro ug h I n di a a n d C e y lo n
.

w er e l o n g a n d r e pe a t ed a n d ex t en d ed a s fa r a s S i n g a p o re
, .

M o ul mei n Bo r n eo a n d M a l a c a
, ,
It i s t o h i m t h a t C a l
.

c ut t a o w es h e r C a t h edr a l up o n t he M a id a n He l a i d t he .

f o un d a t i o n s t o n e o n O c t o be r 8t h 1 839 a n d c o n s ec ra t e d It
-
, ,

up o n t h e s a me da y o f t h e y ea r 1 847 His li b e r a l i t y “a s
.

o n a pri n c ely s c a l e O ut o f t h e t o t a l s um o f s e v e n a n d a
.

h a lf l a kh s a bs o rbed by t he bui ldi ng o f t he C a t h e d ra l be

s ubs c ri be d n ea rly o n e t hi rd : a n d t he C a t h ed r a l
-
L i b ra ry ,

w h e r e h i s bus t a ppro pri a t e ly s t a n d s t o c o mm e m o ra t e h is

g e n e ro s i t y ,
fo un d i t s n uc l e us i n h i s b e q u e s t o f t h e w h ole

o f h is bo o k s Th e fo r ma t i o n i n 1 834 o f t he See s o f M a dra s

.

a n d Bo mba y a n d t h e r emo v a l i n 1 849 o f t h e B is h o p s

'

P a l a c e fro m R us s ell S treet t o i t s pres en t S i te in C h o w ri a

g h ee,
m a y a l s o be c i t ed a mo n g t h e ev en t s O f h i s e is c o
p
p a t e
. A t t h e e n d o f 1 856 h e f r a c t u r e
,
d h i s t hi g h b y a fa ll ,

f r o m t h e s h o c k o f w hi c h h e r a lli ed but n ev e r c o m p l et e
rec o v e r ed : a n d o n J a n ua ry 2m d 1 858 he di ed a n d l ies , ,

buri ed i n t h e v a ul t a t t h e ea s t en d o f t he C a t h ed r a l w h ich ,

i s h is c hi ef mo n um en t He h a d a l w a y s res o l v e d t o end
.

h i s d a y s in I n di a : a n d d uri n g t he w h o l e o f h is r e s i dence
i n t h e E a s t h e t o o k o n ly o e h o lid y t o
n a E n g l a n d — fr om
,
—
M a y 1 845 t o D ec ember 1 846 a n d t h en un de r t he co m,
,

p u l s i o n o f h i s medi c a l a d v i s e r s H i s p un c t ual i t y a n d busi

.

n e s s h a bi t s r em a i n ed t o t he l a s t L o rd D a lh o us i e s poke
.

o f h i m t o L o rd C a nn i n g a s t h e be s t m a n o f b us i n es s he
 THE TO W N HA LL . 761

l a d to d ea l w t i h in I n di a . N ume r o us
d o t es s urv i v e a n ec

o b e a r t es t i mo n y t o t he o ri g i n a li t y o f h is c h a ra c t er He .

al l o w e d hi ms elf a di rec t n es s o f p er s o n a l r ema rk w hi c h

h o s e w ho did n o t k n o w h i m w e re o f t en t empt ed t o reg a rd
lS r ud en es s a n d he w a s a ma n o f pec uli a r ma n n eri s m
,

w h i c h v erg ed up o n ec c en t ri c i ty B ut he f ully es t a bli s h ed

.

1is c l a i m t o be r eg a rd ed a s a g r ea t B i s h o p : a n d i t s pea k s

n uc h fo r t h e p o s i t i o n h e a c hi ev ed t h a t h i s me mo ry s t a nd s

tU t c l ea r a n d di s t i n c t a mo n g t he h o ld e r s o f t h e S ee o f C a l

~
ut t a i n s pi t e o f t he f a c t t h a t h e w a s fo ll o w ed by pr el a t es
,

hf t h e c a li b re o f C o t t o n a n d M il ma n .

S m R I V E R S THO P O
M S N — Th e . po r t r a it is t h a t o f a
n ex t

i e ut e n a n t G o v e r n o r
-
of B en g a l w h o se t en ure o f o ffi c e w a s
,

ul l o f s to rm r
a n d s t es s . SI R A U G U S TU S R I V E R S THO M P S O N ,

w a s t h e so n r t h “f e s t c i v nl ia n
of a N o -

wh o fi lled fo r ma n y y ea r s t h e o fli c e o f J ud g e o f t he S udd e r
l

Bo u r t a t Ag r a a n d di ed a t t h a t s t a t i o n i n 1 84 9 His g r ea t .

P
r a n d fa t h er G eo rg e N i s bet Th o mp s o n w a s even bet t er
:n o w n i n t he A n g l o I n di a n o ffi c i a l w o rld
-
O ri g i n a lly a d .

mi t t e d a s a n a d v oc a te o f t he S upr eme C o ur t i n 1 7 79 he be ,

a m e Pri v a t e S ec r et a ry t o W a rr en H a s t i n g s a n d r a n k ed a s

n e o f t h e g r ea t pr oc o n s ul s i n t i ma t es R i v er s Th o mp s o n
’
. .

i m s e lf w a s ed uc a t ed a t E t o n w h er e he di s t i n g ui s h ed
i m s e lf by bo t h pl a yi ng i n t he c ri c k et el even ( bea t in g
I a r r o w a n d W i n c h es t e r ) a n d r o w i n g i n t h e ei gh t ( d efea t
1
g W es t m i n s t er
) i n 1 847 F r o m E t o n. h e pr o c ee d ed to
I a i le y bury a ft e r h is n o mi n a t i o n t o a B en g a l w ri t e r s hip ,

md h e a rri v ed a t C a l c utt a in D ec e mber 1 850 A f t er fi l l , .

1g a medl ey o f j udi c i a l a n d ex ec ut i ve a pp o i n t men t s ( a c

D r d i n g t o t h e f a s hi o n o f t h os e t i mes ) he bec a me S ec r e
762 CA L C U TTA O LD AN D new .

ta ry t o t he G o v ern men t o f B en g a l in 1 869 . He refus ed

sea t in t he H i g h C o urt in 1 875 , a nd w a s s en t i ns t ead
o ffi c i a t e as Chi e f C o mmi s s i o n er of B ri t i s h B ur m a . Tu
y ea r s l a t e r ( 1 877) he w a s c o n fi rmed in t h e a p po i n t mcn
but a y ea r l a t e r he W 838 ma d e a me mbe r o f t h e S up rem
E x ec ut i ve C o un c il : a n d a f t e r h o ldi n g t h a t o ffi c e e x act
t h ree y ea r s he s uc c eed ed S i r As hl ey E den a s L ie ut ena n
,

G o v e r n o r o f Ben g a l in 1 882 His a d mi n i s t r a t i o n a

. .

c o mpl e t e ly o v e r s h a d o w ed b t h e a i t t i i t i
y g a o n n c o n n ec t

w i t h w h a t h a s c o me ( v e ry i n c o rrec t ly ) t o be kn o w n a s t
'

I l bert B ill Th e o ri g i n o f t h a t mea s ure w a s a n o t e 51:

.

m it t ed i n M a rc h 1 832 by S i r As hl ey E d en w h e n Lie
, , ,

t e n a n t G o ve r n o r
-
t o t he G o v e r n men t o f I n d ia
, a n d ‘l ,

l lbe rt h a d n o t e ve n t a k e n h is s ea t i n C o un c il a t ti
t i me a n d k n e w n o t hi n g o f t he ma t t e r un til t he v a rine

L o c a l G o v er n me n t s h a d s en t i n t h eir repli es S i r Rim .

Th o mp s o n s a t t i t ud e U p o n t he s ubj ec t w a s a s t r o ng onc :
’
'

o pp o s i t i o n fro m t he o ut s e t a n d i t i s c h a ra c t e ri s t i c o f :lx
,

l a rg e mi n d ed n es s o f Lo rd R i po n t h a t he s h uld h
-
o a v e no n

n a t e d a s S i r As hl ey E d en s s uc ce s s o r i n o ffice a c o lleagn
'

'

w o s e a ms w e e s
h i r o co m pl et e ly a n d s o c a n didly i n o
pp os

t i o n t o h is o w n up o n a q ues t io n h e h a d s o muc h a t hea

d

Th e re c a n be n o d o ubt i n d eed t h a t t he ir t ua l s urre

v n d er 1

t h e G o v e r n me n t o f I n di a t o An g l o In di a n feeli ngs w -

m a i n ly d ue t o S i r R i v er s Th o m p s o n s h o s t ili t y t o t
’
he pm
po s a l . An o t h er i mp o r t a n t c o n t ro v er s y in w hi c h Sir Rim
Th o mp s o n fo un d hi m s elf e g a ged n w a s ce n t r d
e a
,
ro u n d !“
B e n g a l Ten a n c y Ac t a n d t he ma n n e r in w hi c h he a s sert !

i
h i s O pi n i o n s i n t hi s c o nn ec t i o n n o l es s th a n i n
,
c o n n ect
q
w i t h t he l lbe rt B i ll did n o t e n h a n c e h i s p o p ula rit v w ith ti
,

I n d i a n c o mmun i t y B ut h i s s e rv i c es w e re g rea t ly app!

.
p,
4 64 CA L C U TTA O LD N EW .

s ncei 1 902 a w d a ug h t er o f M r Archibald

id o w ,
i s t he .

R o w a n H a mil t o n a n d w a s ma rri ed i n 1 86 2 t o Lord

D uffe ri n t h en a s i mpl e ba ro n
, Like L a dy L a n s d o w ne 31? .
.

h a s pr es id ed o v e r s oc i et y bo t h a t O t t a w a a n d a t Si mla :
b ut thi s ha s bee n o n ly a s ma ll po r t i o n O f he r o ffi c i a l ca reer .

F o r s he h a s been A mba s s a dre s s a t n o l es s t h a n fo ur C e l m

t in e n t a l c a pit a l s i n t ur n : a t S t Pet er s burg fr o m .

1 88 1 a t C o n s t a n t i n o pl e f ro m 1 881 t o 1 882 a t R o me from

, ,

1 888 t o 1 89 1 a n d fi n a lly a t P a ri s fr o m 1 89 1 t o 1 896

, He: .

bo o k s M y C a n a di a n J o um a l
, an d O ur V i c e regal l i ft :
.
f

i n I n di a bea r a mpl e t es t i mo n y t o her li t era ry a bili ty h ,

e

p o w e r s o f o bs erv a t i o n a n d he r w it : a n d t h e Fund f ,
fl"

s upplyi n g medi c a l a id t o t he w o me n o f I n di a i s a s tand -

l
,

i n g m o n ume n t o f he r h uma n i t y a n d h e r s ki l l in o rganiw

'

tion .

S IR \V n t. 1 AM
. G a ma
t he ri —
g To
ht o f L a dy D u ff e ri n 5 : .

s h a ll fi n d t h e po r tra i t o f t he f o ur t h Li e ut en a n t G o vern? -

O f B en a l S I R “ I M G R E Y K '

C S I w t h fou
"
g L L. I A a s e , . . .

s o n O f t h e B o u bl e a n d R i g h t R e v e r en d E d w a rd
’

Bi s h o p o f He re fo rd a n d g r a n d s o n o f t h e fi r s t E a rl
He w a s bo r n in 1 1 8 a n d a ft er a s h o rt res id e n c e a t
8 C h r ist
Ch urc h w a s a pp o i n t ed by his c o us i n L o rd H o w i ck afwl
w a rd s t he t h i rd E a rl G r ey t o a c l erk s hip i n t h e w a r Ollie—
, ,

1 .
,

“ hil e s er v i n g t h ere h e a s m i a d ri r p t h i
'

w n o n t e t o a w t e s fi

t he B e g a
n l Ci v il Se r v i c e w hi c h h a d b e e n pl a c e d a t t h d e

m
'

p o s a l o f h is un c l e t h e s ec o n d E a rl G rey t e P re i
,
h e r 6
,

t h e fi r s t R e fo r m by S i r R ober t C a m p bell D i re c t o r o f tt t
,
,

E a s t I n d ia C o mp a n y fro m 1 81 7 t o 1 852 He a rri ve d 3 .

C a lc ut t a i n D ec e mbe r 1 840 F r o m 1 845 t o 1 847 he “1

,
.
'

P ri v a t e S ec re ta ry t o S i r Th o ma s H erbe rt Maddods
 ma
'
TO W N HA L . L 7 65

) ep ut y G o ve r n o r of B en g a l : a nd in Ap ril , 1 85 1 , w a s a t
he p ec i a l req ues t o f t he
s D ir ec t o r s a p po i n ted S ec ret a ry
.o t h e B a n k o f B en g a l W h en B enga l w a s c o n s t i t ut ed
.

n t o a Li e ut en a n t Go v e r n o r s hip i n
-
1 854 he bec a me o n e ,

>f t h e S ec r et a rie s t o t he L o c a l Go v e r n me n t un d e r S i r ,

3 red e ric k Ha llid a y In 1 859 he w a s t a k en up i n to t h e

'

So v e rn men t o f I n di a a n d a pp o i n t ed S ec ret a ry in t he H o me
Dep a r t me n t Thr ee y ea r s l a t e r h e bec a me a M embe r o f
.

he S upreme E x ec ut i ve C o un c il : a n d h eld t he p o s t un t i l
n 1 867 h e w a s n o mi n a t ed t o s uc c eed Si r C ec il B ea do n

IS Li eut en a n t Go ve r no r o f B en g a l
-
It is no t ew o rt hy t h a t
.

l uri n g his t en ure o f o ffic e a s M embe r o f C o unc il t h ere ,

va s c o n s id e r a bl e di ffe r en c e o f O i n i on n o t a bly i n c o n n ec
p ,

io n w i t h t he t rea t me n t o f t he O udh t a luq da rs bet w een ,

t i m a n d L o rd L a w ren c e w ho w a s n ev e r t h el es s ma g n a n i
,

n o us e n o ug h n o t t o o p po s e h is t r a n s l a t i o n t o t he ex ec u

i v e c h a rg e o f t h e L o w e r Pro v i n c es The reg i me o f .

Si r W illi a m G rey w a s n o t di s t i n g ui s h ed by a n y even t o f

uc h mag n i t ud e a s t h o s e w hi c h in t he s h a pe o f t he M ut i n y
, ,

h e i n di g o t ro ubl es a n d t he O ri s s a fa mi n e h a d ma rk ed
h e rul e o f h is t hree p red ec es s o r s B ut t he z emi n d a rs
.

wi l l a l w a y s c h eri s h hi s memo ry w i t h res pec t by r ea s o n

bf h i s s t r e n uo us o p p o s iti o n t o a n ed uc a t i o n ces s
. a nd w i th

1 i s t e r m o f o ffic e mus t a l s o be c o n n ec t ed t he a ppo i n t men t

bf S i r W illi a m H un t e r t o c o mpil e t he g a z et t eer o f B en ga l

‘

[D d t he t erri bl e d ev a s t a t i o n c a us ed by t he c y c l o n e o f 1 867 .

Si r W illi a m G rey res i g ned t h e Li euten a n t Go v ern o r s hi p -

n M a rc h 1 87 1 h a v i ng bee n in t he p revi o us Februa ry

, ,
:

n s t a l led a K n i g h t C o mma n d e r o f t he O rde r o f t h e S t a r o f

n di a I n 1 87 1 G rey w a s a pp o i n t ed t o s uc c eed S i r J oh n
.
,

e t e r G r a n t a s Gov er n o r o f J a ma i c a but t he c li ma t e w a s
’
.
 7 66 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N ew .

un c o n gen i a l t o h i m ,
~

a nd in 1 87 7 he
ret ur n ed to Englan
w h e re h e di ed in t he fo ll o w i n y r T h p rt it whi
d
g ea e o ra.

h a n g s in t he To w n H a ll is t he o ut c o me o f a p ublic meetiq
h eld o n t he 1 1 t h Febr ua ry 1 871 ; a n d i t s pres ence herei
,

i n di c a t i ve o f t he es t eem in w hi c h h e w a s h eld by the eti

c a t ed I n di a n c o mmun i t y He h a s bee n d esc ri bed 35 !
.

B en g a l W h ig o f t he bet t er ki n d w i t h a v i ew o f adminii,

t ra t io n res t i n g o n a t o l er a n c e o f o p i n i o n s a n d even pre p:

d i c es a n d a g rea t ki nd n es s t o n a t i v es in I n di a : a nd it a t
,

by r ea s o n o f h is ge n t l en es s a n d fo r be a r a nc e his com; ,

‘
d e ra t e n e s s h is j us t i c e a n d h is c o n s c i en t i o us nes s that h
,

fo un d h is w a y t o t h e h ea r t s o f t h e peo pl e .

M r M A N Ai m
’

. t-
za R us ro h o aa,
s e p w
o r t r a i t by P ud t

R o p e r h a n g s n e x t in o rd er w a s o n e o f t he fo remo s t Para
, ,

me rc h a n t s o f h is da y in C a l c ut t a He w a s t he gra nds!
.

o f M r C o w a s j ee B a n a j ee
. t he h ea d o f t he once fa m
,
ed

~
C a l c ut t a h o us e o f R us t o mj ee C o w a s j ee a n d Co a nd “14 .
,

bo r n in B o mba y i n 1 81 5 .Th e fi rm w a s a c t i vely and m

t en s i v el y e n g a g ed i n t h e Chi n a tr a d e a n d o w n e d a fle c t d l
n o l e s s t h a n t hi r t y o pi um c l ip per s o f w hi c h t he re uta ml
, p
w a s s uc h t h a t fi f t een o f th em w ere c h a r t ered by the Be

t i s h G ov e r n m e n t d u ri n g t h e Chi n a “ a r o f 1 8
'
3 9 In e a
. rl?
life M r M a n a c kje e R us t o mjee w as fo r so me years i
, .
n

Chi n a but in 1 837 he c a me t o C a l c ut t a a n d w a s admitted

,

a p a r t n e r i n h is g r a n df a t h e r s a n d fa t h e r s fi rm Hafiflt
’ ' ’
. .

ta e k n a l ea di n g p a r t i n t he o rg a n i z a t i o n o f t he U n i“

B a n k h e bec a me un fo rt un a t ely v e ry s e ri o us ly a ffectedb!

, , ,

i t s f a il ure i n 1 849 : a n d th e s y s t em o f c o mpa ni es

,
wi t h

l i mi t ed li a biliti es bei g th e un kn o w n t o t he la
n n w h e W ,

c o m ell e d t o s urr en d e r h i s en ti re
p p r o p e r t y t o h is cre di to r s
 7 68 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N Ew .

g oo d w ill ,
a nd i n he ri t ed in t he l o v e a n d res pect of even
he
c l a s s o f t h e c o m mun i t y t h at bl es s i n g w hi c h i s t he sur e r
e

w a rd o f t he pe a c e ma ke r un d e r w h a t ev e r religi ous pr:

-

s ua s i o n h e ma y be fo un d He w a s w o rt hily s ucceedei
.

i n t he po s i t i o n o f p ubli c us ef ul n es s w hi c h h e h a d c rea ted i n

hi ms el f by h is s o n M r Heerj eebho y Ma n a c kjee R ustomjee

.

C I E w h o s uc c eed ed h im a s c o n s ul fo r Pe r s i a a nd in
. . .
,

fi ll ed i n h i s t ur n t h e o ffi c e o f S h e ri ff o f C a l c ut t a The .

d ne d e a t h o f t hi s di s t i n g u i s h e d P a r s ee c i t i z en o f C a lum :

i n t e ea
h rly p o r t i o n o f 1 9 0 2 h a s c re a t e d a g pa w h i c h h e

bee s an dly f l
e t n o t o n ly i n t he p u b li c li fe o f t h e c i tv h:

a l s o i n t h e w o rld o f F r ee ma s o n ry i n w hi c h fo r nearly:
,

q ua r t er o f a c en t ury h e oc c upi ed a po s i t i o n a s prominr:

a s i t w a s use ful .

Th e po rt r a i t by A rc h er o f M r R O B E R T TU RN Bl l L
- .
'

S ec re t a ry t o t he C o rp o ra t i o n o f C a lc utta fnr
1 85 7 t o 1 880 w hi c h w a s n e x t i n o rd er h a s been late "
, ,

re mo ved t o t he n ew M un i c ip a l O ffi c e in C o rporatia
S t reet . In i t s pl a c e h a s been h un g M r E d w a rd Ward} .

pi c t ure o f M r F R E D E R IC K J O HN M A R S D E N Chi ef P res idcw

.
,

M a g i s t r a t e o f C a l c ut t a f r o m 1 87 7 t o 1 894 Th e re is N .

d e n yi n g t he me ri t o f t he p a i n t i n g bo t h a s a liken ess andb

a w o rk o f a rt but t h e gen er a l res ul t is n ev e r t h el es s unfa
t un a t e a n d w ill s t ri k e t he v i s i t o r a s s o me w h a t un lea sim
p
The pic t ure w a s fo rme rly in t he c en t re ro o m in t he south

SIR C HA R L E S STE V E N S .
—
C r the gm
0 rl t ln uln g o ur t o u o f

s a l oo n w e n e x t c o me upo n t h e f ull l e n g t h po rt ra i t of q
’

C HAR L E S C EC I L STE V E N S pres e n t ed to the aim

“

C a l c ut t a by t he Z emi n d a ri P a n c h a ye t a n a ss oc i a tion 0
'

l d
a n o w n er s S i r
. Ch rl es
a S t v
e e n s is a n A us t ralia n b‘
.
 THE TO WN HA LL . 7 69

h . He en tered t he I n di an Ci v il Servi c e in 1 860, t a ki n g

t hi rd pl a c e a n d a f terw a rd s s erved a s D iv i s i o na l C o m
sioner in Ch o t a N a gp ur B ha g a lpo re , ,
a n d Pa t n a ; a nd

in 1 891 a ppo i n t ed t o t he Bo a rd o f R even ue In 1 89 7 .

tc ted a s Li eut en a n t Go v er n o r o f B en a l fo r S i x m t h
g o
-
n s

.n
g th e a bs en c e o n s i c k l ea v e o f S i r A l ex a n d e r
:k en z i e . He r et i red a y ea r l a te r a fter s erv i n g t hree
1 3 of offi c e a s A ddi t i o n a l Member o f t he V i c er o y s
’

n c il : a n d i n 1 888 w a s a d v a n c ed . t o t he di g n i t y o f

W hile in I n di a h e w as n o te d fo r his l o ve o f
ic a n d h o r t i c ul t ure a n d w a s Pres id en t o f t he Ag ri
,

t ic ul t ura l So c ie t y o f C a l c ut t a .

he R ev . C H
. . A . D A LL ,
h o s e pi c t ure h a n gs in t he
w

e r, w as an emi n en t U n i t a ri a n M i n i s t e r in C a l c ut t a .

V E S TIT U RE O F THE D U KE o r E D IN B U R GH .
—The epi t h et
rt i s t ic ca n ppli ed w i t h j us t i c e t o M ui r
s c a rc e ly be a

t e s l a rge pi c t ur e a bo v e t he pl a t fo rm a t t h e ea s t e r n
’

o f t h e g rea t s a l oo n I t repres en t s t he D urba r h eld a t

.

utt a o n D ec ember 3ot h 1 869 o n th e oc c a s i o n o f t he ,

st i t ure o f t h e D uk e o f E di n burg h w i th t h e i n s ig n i a o f

n i g h t G r a n d C o mma n d er o f t h e O rd er o f th e S ta r

i di a a n d is a bl a z e o f c o l o ur no t a l w a y s o f th e mo s t ,

I o n i o us ch a r a c t e r B ut it i s f ull o f i n teres ti ng li k e
.

3 o f I n di a n cel ebri ti es o f a bygo n e gen er a t io n On .

da i s i s Lo rd M a yo in the R o bes o f G ra nd Ma s ter

,

e O r d e r : a n d t o the ri g h t di s ti n g ui s h ed by th e b ro a d

1 ri b a n d o f the Thi s tle is t h e Gov er n or o f M a dr a s ,

,

N a p i e r o f M erc his to un w ho w a s t w o yea r s l a ter t o

,

t h e m el a n c ho ly d uty o f a c t i ng a s V i cero y a fter Lord

Among th e la di es
’
3 s a s s a s s i n a ti o n a t P o rt B l a i r .

49
7 70 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D NEw .

i n t he ba c kg ro un d La dy M a y o a n d L a dy N apierd
a re

M erc his to un a n d pres en t a l s o behi n d a p urdah is fit

,

B eg um o f B h o p a l a c co rdi n g t o t he o ffi c i al record of th
,

c er emo n y . Pri nc e A lfred s t a n d s in t h e fo reg round and ,

i mmed i a te ly behi n d h i m in t he w hi t e ma n tl e of $ 8 5 ,
14

ret a ry o f t h e O rd er i s S i r Ch a rl es Ai t c hi s o n t hen For

,
e igl ,

S ec r et a ry a n d a f te rw a rd s fr o m 1 882 t o 1 887 Lieutenae

G o v er n o r o f t he P un j a b The ei g h t ba n ne r s suspendd
.

a bo v e a re th o s e o f t h e K n i g ht G r a n d C o mma n ders of q
I

O rd e r presen t Th es e ma y ea s ily be ( I
.

m a nt les bu , t s ev en o n ly o f t h em a re

l eft h a n d o f t he s pec t a t o r a re t hree C o mm .

t he fo reg ro un d t h ey ma y be id en t i fie d a s
,

W R Sey mo ur V es ey F i t z ger a ld Gov er n o r o f Bombs )

. .
,
.

w i t h w h o m t he D uke i s a bo ut t o s h a k e ha n ds Rayl ,
-

R un dheer S i ng h o f K a p urth a l a a n d M a h a ra j ah Jya t ,

'

R a o Sc in dia o f Gw a li o r w h os e s c a rl e t Ma hra tta brat ,

d res s fo r ms a c o ns p i c uo us fea t ure o f

O n t he ri gh t h a n d t a k en in t he s a me o rd e r a re t
, ,

ra n a o f D ho lepo re t he j un io r , a t t he

W illi a m R ose M a n s fi eld C o mma n d er in C hi ef ,

- -

a nd a f t er w a rd s L o rd S a n dh u r s t M a h a r a j,a h R u g h oo

i
S ng h o f R e w a h a gg i
,
a n t i c fi g u r e a n d M a h a r a
,j ah

S i n gh o f J ey po r e A m. o n
g t h e 5 m a y be n o n ’
.

o n t h e l eft S i r i c h rd
,
R a T e m pl e th e n F i ,n a n c e M e m b : t

C o unc il S ir H e n ry M a ri o n D u r a n d a l so a M e m b e r
,
,

C o un c il ,
a n d t h e M a h a r a j a h o f V i z i a n a g ra m .

memo ry l i v e s a s t h a t o f a g e n e r o u s p a t r o n o f ch e ss a nd

i
l a rge mi n d ed
- phil a n t hr o p i s t B e hi n d . th e m s ta nds

J a mes F i t z J a mes St eph en w ho ha d on ly been a ,

few a s

in o f
fi c e a s L a w M e m b e r o f C o u n c il O n t h e op p .
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7 72 L
C A C U TTA O LD A N D N EW .

M i c h a el G i bbs , Lo rd M a y o r of Lo n do n in 1 845,
. w ho lives
in t h e ea rli er v o l umes o f P unc h as t he o bj ec t o f m uch good
h umo ured ba n t e r In M a y 1 880 a few w eek s befort
.
,

Lo rd R ipo n s a s s ump t i o n o f t he V i c er oy al ty h e w as 1 p
’
,

o i n t ed t o s ucc eed S i r A l ex a n d e r A r but h n o t a s a n ordinzn

p
me mbe r o f t he S upre me C o un c il a n d ret a i n e d t he cilia
fo r t he full p eri o d o f fi ve y ea rs reti ri ng in M a y 18 "
, ,

His prev i o us s e r v i c es ha d been a l t oget h e r o n t h e Bomber

s id e w h e re he h a d fi ll ed t h e a ppo i n t men t s o f h
J g
ud e of t

H i g h Co urt a n d M ember o f C o un c il t he l a t te r f r o m 1874 ,

t o 1 87 9 . He di ed in 1 886 i n E n g l a n d .

Th e p a i n t i ng w h i c h h a n gs n ex t represe n t s t h e R evered

K R I S HN A M O HAN B AN E RJ E E o n e o f t he mo s t d is ti n guishd
,

a dh e r en t s w hi c h t h e s ma ll n a ti v e Chri s ti a n c o mm uni ty i f

B en ga l ha s ye t p os s es s ed B o r n in 1 81 3 he w a s c on verts
.
,

t o Chri s t i a n i t y by D r D uff w h o s e po rtr a i t h a n g s dos

.
,

a t h a n d a n d w a s a p upil o f D ero z io t he g i ft ed yo ung Bu,

n

s i a n po et w h o di ed a t t he a ge o f 22 He did muc h nsefJ.

w o rk a s a mun i c i pa l c o mm i s s i o ne r an d a s a Fell o w of fit

U n i v e r s ity a n d fo r ma n y y ea r s w a s P a s t o r o f C h ri s t Churt:
‘

“
i n C o rn w a lli s S q ua r e The d ec o ra ti o n o f
. w hit
"

he rec ei v ed fro m G o vern men t th e d eg ree o f Doc tor 0

,

La w s w i t h w hi c h t he U n i vers i t y o f C a l c ut t a h onoured hi s

a n d t he h o n o ra ry c h a pl ai n c y c o n ferred upo n him by d!

B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a a re e l oq uen t proo fs o f t h e value of 151

p ubli c s e rv i c es a n d o f t he es t eem in w h i c h he was field
I t i s s a id t h a t h e kn ew el even l a n g ua ges a n d all of ,

w ell . He di ed i n 1 885 a t t he ag e o f 79 .

The po r t ra it i mmedi a t ely t o t he w es t is tha t of RA!“

K A L I K R I S HN A D E B K n igh t o f t he Go o rkha Star. grand
,
 THE TO W N HA L L . 77 3

In of M a h a ra j a h N ubki s s en l ea d er o f t he o r t h odo x
,

in do o c o mmun ity , a n d S a n s kri t s c h o l a r He s ta n ds .

s o c o mmemo r a t ed b a s t t u i B d S q u r d
y a e n ea o n a e , a n a

Im ma r o f h i r r w ill b f u d i t h h pt r t h
y s c a ee e o n n e c a e o n e

a t ues of C a lc utta .

S IR H EN RY R IC K E TTS .
—The mos t l t
t h e r ec en t
no a b e of

ld i t i o n s t o t he To w n H a ll c o ll ec t i o n o f pi c t ure s a dj o i n s
t he s h a p e o f a fi n e full l en gt h po rt r a i t o f t he l a t e S i r
-

E N R Y R IC R E TT S ,
Th e p a i n t i n g w hi c h is t he ,

O p e rt y o f t h e B ri t i s h I n di a n As s o c i a t i o n h un g un til ,

c e n t ly i n t h e A s s o c i a t i o n s r oo ms but it h a s ri gh t ly been
’

j ud ged w o r t hy o f a mo re p ubli c s i t ua t i o n a nd h a s been

n d e d o v er t o t h e c us t o dy o f t he C o r po r a t i o n Th e c a r eer .

S i r H en ry R i c k et t s bel o ng s it is t rue t o t he p a s t but

, , ,

a re w ere few o ffi c i a l s mo re h o n o ured a n d r es p ec t ed i n

day .Arri v i n g i n I n di a i n 1 821 w h e n Lo rd H a s t i n gs

,

[8 G o v er n o r G en er a l
-
he s e rv ed fo r t w el ve y ea rs i n
,

i s s a a n d w a s C o m mi s s i o n er o f t he C utt a c k D i v i s i o n
.m 1 835 t o 1 839 A t a bl et i n t he o ld c emet e ry a t B a l a
.

'

e r ec o rd s t h a t he n ev e r f o r o t
g B a l a s o r e n o r t h e
”
.ry a h s . I n 1 841 h e w a s a pp o i n t ed C o mm i s s i o n er o f
i t t a g o n g a n d h i s n a me is s t ill g ra t ef ully r eme mbe r ed
,

t h e d i v i s i o n w h e re ( w ri t es S i r H en ry C o t t o n w h o w a s
, ,

se t t l emen t O p e r a
’
o f h is s uc c es s o r s ) h is s e v e n y ea r s

ns f o r m t h e g r ea t e s t tri um ph o f mo f us s il a d mi n i s t r a

1 e ve r k n o w n i n L o w e r B en g a l He j o i n ed t he Bo a rd
.

R e v e n ue i n C a l c ut t a i n 1 848 a n d i n 1 854 w a s n o mi n a ted

,

L o rd D a lh o us i e t o t he S up reme C o un c il D uri ng t h e .

n t h ] pe ri o d o f Lo rd C a n n i n g s a d mi n i s tra ti o n a n d
’

o ug h o ut t he M ut i n y he c o n t i n ued a s a member o f th a t
7 74 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N EW.

bo dy . Ha v i ng p rev i o us ly re fus ed t he Ch ie f Commis

s io n e rs h i ofC t he
n tr a l Prov i n c es h e w i n 1 86 0 ofi ered
p e a s ,

th e Li eut en a n t G o v e rn o r s hip o f t he N o rt h W es t P ro vi nces

- - .

but he d ec li n ed t he po s t a l s o o n t he g ro un d ( n o w a days - -

it i s t o be fea red ra rely a d v a n c ed w h en hi gh o ffi c e is uncle

,

c o n s id er a ti o n ) t h a t h i s f a ili n g h ea lt h w o uld no t p e rmi t his

t o do j us ti c e t o it s reS po n s i biIit ies R eti ri n g f ro m the

.

s e rv i c e i n t he s a me y ea r he li v ed o n in h ono ured retire

,

men t un til 1 886 w h en he di ed a t S urb i t o n a t t h e age d

,

83 . He w a s o n e o f t he bes t o f the o ld s c h oo l o f Angi e

I n di a n o ffic i a l s a n d a s a s et tl e men t a n d reven ue a ut horit
,
:

h eld t he fo remo s t r a n k a mo n g h is c o n t emp o r a rie s .

B I S HO P J O HN S O N W e n ow a rri v e a t M r Hamif
.
-
.

Sp eed s a d mi r a bl e p o r t ra it o f t he M os t R ev
’
B O WARI .

R A L P H J O HN S O N B i s h o p o f C a l c ut t a a n d M et rO p O li tan c:
,

I n di a fro m 1 876 t o 1 898 The B i s ho p is d ep i c t ed seate:

.

o n h is e i s c o a l t h ro n e a n d t he po se i s v e ry s t r i ki n and
p p g
c h a r a c t eri s ti c In a c o r n e r o f t he c a n va s ma y be s een tlz
.

c o a t o f a r ms o f D r J o h n s o n i mp a li ng t ho s e o f t he Set
.
,
.

I f B i s h o p W il s o n en j o y s t he di s t i n c ti o n o f the l o ng es t epis
c o p a t e a mo n g t h os e w h o h a v e h eld t he met ro p o li ta n Set .

D r J o h n s o n w ho i s o n ly fo ur y ea r s behi n d h im in or;
.
,

res p ec t ma y c l a i m t o be t he o n ly B i s h o p o f C a l c ut ta wld
,

h a s n o t l eft h is bo n es in I n d i a M iddl et o n t h e fi r s t B
'

.
,

li es buri ed in S t J o h n s Ch urc h a n d Heber h is s uc c essor

.
’

a t T ri c hi n o p o ly : J a mes a n d Tur ne r fell v i c t i ms to

c li ma t e i n q ui c k s uc ces s i o n : W il s o n f ul fi ll ed h is w i s h

e n d ed h is d a y s a t C a l c ut t a : C o t to n w ho w o re t he m: ,

f ro m 1 858 t o 1 866 w a s d row n ed a t Koo s h tea ,

M il ma n D r J o hn s o n s i mmedi a t e p red eces s o r died

,
.
’

,
 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W.

F r on t i e r Pro v i nc e His c o n n ec ti o n w i t h B e ng a l was

.

t h ro ug h o ut h is c a reer o f t he s li gh t es t po s s i ble c h a ra cter .

a n d t he pr es en c e o f h is p o rt r a i t in t h e C a l c ut t a T o w n Hall

c a n o n ly be a c c o un te d fo r by t h e s y mp a t hy oc c a s i o ned by

t h e t r a g i c c ir c ums t a n c es o f h i s d ea t h E n t e ri n g t he Ben
.

a l E i n ee r s i n 1 828 h e ma d e h is fi r s t v o y a t I d i
g n
g , g e o n a

i n t he fo ll o w i n g y ea r w i t h D r D uff w h o s e po rt ra i t is not
.
,

f a r o ff a n d w a s a pp o i n t ed t o i rri g a t i o n w o r k i n U ppe

I n di a w h ere h e s e rv ed un d e r Pro by C a n tl ey I n 1 838 b . c

a c c o mp a n i ed S i r J o h n K ea n e s A r my O f t h e I n d us
’
tr

K a bul by w a y o f K a n d a h a r a n d ea r n ed t he t i t le o f the
,
”
h ero o f t h e g a te o f Gh uz n ee by blo w i n g o p en t he great
,

a ptain
“
g a t e o f t h a t f o rt r e s s w i t h h i s ow n h a n d C .

Th o ms o n o f t h e B en g a l E n g i n ee r s direc t ed t h e move
, ,

men t s o f t he ex pl o s i o n p a r t y ; a n d w i t h h i m w ere h is ture

s uba l t e r n s D ur a n d a n d M a c l eo d a n d C a p t a i n P e a t o f th
, ,
c

B o mba y C o rp s Li eut en a n t D ur a n d w a s o b li ged to

.
,

s c r a pe t he h o s e w i t h h i s fi n g er en d s fi n di n g t h a t the
,

p o w d er fa il ed t o i g n i t e o n t he fi rs t a ppli c a t i o n o f t he port
fi re . R et urn i n g t o I n di a fr o m K a bul h e w en t o n l ea ve to ,

E n g l a n d but c a me o ut o n c e mo re a s Pri v a t e S ec retary

,

t o L o rd E ll en bo r o ug h ( G o v er n o r G en e r a l fr o m 1 842 to-

and w as pr es en t a t t h e ba t t le o f M a h a ra jpore .

In S ep t em be r 1 844 h e s uc c eed ed t h e g a ll a n t Major

, ,

B r o a d foo t ( w h o f ell a t Fero z es h a h) a s C o mmi s s i o ner of

t h e Ten a s s e ri m pr o v i n c es a n d t o o k U p t h e diffi t
, q ues

t i o n o f t he r e v e n ue a s s e s s me n t s He w a s remo v ed from
.

h is o ffi c e i n 1 846 by S i r H erbert M a dd oc k t he Pr es i dent ,

i n C o un c il a n d o bt a i n ed n o redres s i n E ngl a n d
,
D uring .

t h e S i kh W a r o f 1 848 h e f o ug h t bo t h a t C hillia n w allah

,

a n d G uj r a t a d
n ,
b e c a me p o li t i c a l a g e n t s u cce s s i v el y at
 THE TO W N HA LL . 7 77

G wa li o r a n d a t B a ro d a In 1 856 he rev er t ed t o h is ow n
.

l i n e a s I n s p ec t i n g E n g i n ee r o f t he Pres id en c y Ci rc l e but ,

w a s res t o red by L o rd C a n n i n g t o po l i t i c a l empl o y a nd

a p p o i n t ed Ag en t t o t he G o v er n o r G en er a l in C en tr a l I n di a -
.

I n t he M ut i n y h e w a s c o mp ell ed by Ho l ka r s t ro o p s t o
’

e v a c ua t e t h e R es id en c y a t I n d o re b ut f o u h t sev e ra l a c
g ,

t i o n s a nd re c o n q uer ed W es t e r n M a l w a
-
He w a s d ep ut ed .

t o E n g l a n d t o r epres en t t h e v i ew s o f t he Gov er n men t o f

I n di a o n t he re c o n s t r uc t i o n o f t he n a t i v e a r my a n d w a s
-
,

n o m i n a t ed i n 1 85 9 by S i r Ch a rle s W o o d t o a s ea t i n t h e

n ew ly fo r med
-
S ec ret a ry o f S t a t es C o un c il B ut h e re .

t ur n ed t o I n di a t w o y ea r s l a t e r o n t h e i n v i ta ti o n o f L o rd

C a n n i n g a s Fo rei gn Sec re t a ry
,
He bec a me a n o rdi n a ry .

m e mbe r o f C o un c il in i n s uc c e s s i o n t o S i r R o be rt
N a pi er ( L o rd N a pi er o f M a gd a l a ) a n d w a s c r ea t ed a
i n 1 86 7 The fi n a l s t a ge i n h is c a r eer w a s rea c h ed
.

i n 1 870 w h en a s n a rr a t ed a bo v e he w a s a p po i n t ed t o be
, , ,

Li e ut en a n t G o v er n o r o f t he P un j a b O f h is s o n s t he
-
.
,

e ld es t ,
S ir E d w a rd La w D ur a n d s e rv ed a s R es id en t in ,

N e pa ul i n 1 888 a n d w a s c r ea t ed a ba ro n et i n 1 892 : t he
s ec o n d S i r H en ry M o r t i mer D ur a n d n o w A mba s s a d o r a t
, ,

W a s hi n g t o n w a s a membe r o f t h e B en g a l Ci v il S erv i c e
, ,

fr o m 1 87 3 t o 1 898 a n d F o rei g n S ec ret a ry t o t h e G o ve r n

m e n t o f I n di a fr o m 1 884 t o 1 894 : a n d th e t hi rd C o l o nel ,

A l g er n o n D ur a n d n o w a me m be r o f t h e C o rp s o f Ge n t l e
,

m e n a t A r m s w a s M ili t a ry S ec ret a ry t o Lo rd E lg i n w hil e

- -
,

V i c er o y o f I n di a fr o m 1 894 t o 1 899 .

D W A R KAN ATH TAG O R E .

— Th e n ex t pi c t ure is a p o r t ra i t
by F R Sa y of D W A R KA N TAGO R E merc ha n t , p h i
’

. . ATH

la n t h ro ph is t a nd ref o r mer . U po n t he ba c k of t he c a n
77 8 CA L C U T TA ow AN D N EW.

va s h r
t e e ppea r s a n a d verti s emen t hea rin g d a t e 1 843
a ,
.

o f a fi rm o f a r t i s t s c o l o ur men
’
w hi c h is o f i n t e res t net
, ,

o n ly by r ea s o n o f it s s p ec i a l re fe ren c e t o t he p a i n t i n bu t
g ,

a l s o a s a n ill us tr a t i o n o f t h e p eril s o f r o ph e c y I t i ad
p s .

dres s ed To A rt i s t s an d r un s a s fo ll o w s The
n o t i c e o f t h o s e p a i n te r s a n d a ma t eur s w ho h a v e n o t yet

ha d a n o pp o rt un i t y o f i n s pec t i ng a pi c t ure p a i n t ed ex clu

s iv ely w i t h s ili c a c o l o ur s a n d
g l a s s m e di u m i s r e s p e c t fu lly
di rec t ed t o N o 288 in t he pres en t ex hi bi t i o n o f t h e R oyal
.

Ac a de my .The s ubj o i n ed a re ex t ra c t s f ro m t h e A rt U nion

o f J un e 1 843 r e l a t i v e t o t hi s pi c t ur e N o 288 ,
t h e Hi ndu
.
,

”
g e n t l e m a n D w a rk a n a t h T a g o r e F R,
S a y p
. a i n. t e d b v
,

s ubs c rip t i o n fo r t he To w n H a ll C a l c ut t a
,
A n a d mi ra .

ble s ubj ec t fo r a pi c t o ri a l p o rt r a i t Thi s cel eb r a t e d person

.

i s p a i n t ed i n t he f ull c os t ume o f t h e Hi n d u o f c o n di tion :

h e is t urba n ed a n d s h a w l ed : a n d s o s ucc es s f ull y h a s tht
a r t i s t me t t he s pi rit o f h is s ubj ec t t h a t he h a s n o t only

l ef t his w o r k a meri t o ri o us p o r t ra i t b ut a v a l ua bl e pi c t um
Th e c o l o uri n g i s w o n d er fully bril li a n t I n t hi s res pect
. .

i n d eed it is beyo n d a ll q ues t i o n t he mo s t rema rk a b l e w ork

,

i n t he ex hi bi t i o n It i s o n ly j us t t o s t a t e t h a t t h i s pi c ture
.

i s p a i n ted w i t h t he medi um a n d co l o ur s pre p a red by Mr .

M ill e r o f 56 L o n g Ac re L o n d o n a n d fo r w hi c h h e has
, , ,

mo re t h a n o n ce c h a ll en ged a t ri a l i n t h e a d v e rt i sing
c o l umn s o f t he A rt U n i on Few w h o l oo k upo n t h i s w ork
.

w ill h es i t a t e t o be li ev e t h a t i t s pec uli a r b rilli a n c y is de '

ri v ed fr o m s o me un us ua l mea n s : w h a t t h o s e mea n s really

a re ,
it is t he d ut y o f e very a r t i s t t o en q ui re a n d a soer .

”
ta i n . V i ew e d i n it s pres en t c o n di t i o n t he pi c t ur e may
be a ll o w ed t o meri t so me p o r t i o n a t l ea s t o f t he en co mi um
o f t h e A rt U io s c
n n ri t
’
i c B u .t w h e n t he r e s t o ra t i on o f
7 80 L
C A C U TTA o w AN D n ew .

su p po rti n g t he a bo li t i o n o f S ut tee w hi c h w a s effected,

by L o rd W i lli a m B en ti n c k i n 1 829 In t he fo llo w ing

.

r h h e lp e d t f o und t h e U n i o n B a n k a n d w as el ected
y e a e o

T rea s urer a n d a D i rec t o r . He res i gn ed h is a p po i n t ment

un d er G o ve r n men t in 1 834 a n d a l mo s t i mme d i a t e lv a l ter
,
~

w a rd s s t a r te d t he fi rm o f C a rr Ta go re 8: Co i n c o n n ec ti on
.
,

w ith w hi c h he w o rk ed c o a l m i n es a t R a n eeg un e a s ugar

g ,

f a c t o ry a t R a m n ug g ur fi la t ures a t K a ma rka li a n d I ndigo

, ,

f a c t o ri es a t S ea ld a h a n d i n o t h er p a r t s o f Beng a l
. D uring .

t h e n e x t t en y ea r s o f h is li fe D w a rka n a t h pl a y e d a con

s id e ra ble p a r t i n a l m o s t a l l t h e p ub li c mo v e m en t s o f the

da y . He w a s t he fi r s t n a t iv e I n di a n a ppo i n t e d t o be a
J us t i c e o f t he P ea c e a n d h is po s i t i o n in I nd i a n s oc iety
,

w a s o n e o f t he g r ea t es t i n fl uen c e a n d i mp o rt a nc e The .

reo rg a n i z a t i o n o f t he H i n d o o S c h oo l t he es t a b li s h ment ,

o f t h e M edi c a l C o ll eg e ,
a n d o f t he F ev er H o s pi t a l t he ,

a i t t i n fo r t h e fr eed o m o f t h e Pre s s t h e fo un d a t i o n of
g a o ,

t he B ri t i s h I n d ia n A s s o c i a t i o n t h e d e v el o p me n t o f s t ea m
,

c o m mun i c a t io n be t w een E n g l a nd a n d I n di a w e r e a ll in
,

t ur n i n d ebt ed t o h i m fo r s upp o r t . The r o y a l s pl en dour

o f h is h o s pi t a li ty ea r n ed fo r hi m t he n a me o f Pri nce
”
Ta g o re . He d eli g h t ed t o en t e r t a i n di s t i n g ui s h ed and
t a l e n t ed men o f e v ery d es c ri p t i o n a t h is bea ut i f ul ho use

a t B el g a c hi a ,
w hi c h h a d o n c e bee n t h e f a v o uri t e h a unt of

L o rd A uc kl a n d a n d w a s a ft erw a rd s s o ld t o t he P a i kpan
,

R a j a h by D w a rk a n a t h s s o n M a h a r s hi D ebe n d ra N a th
’
,
,

o n t he fa i l ure o f t he U n i o n B a n k w hi c h i mpo v e ri s h ed him .

I t w a s h e re t h a t th e pr es e n t Ki n g E mp e r o r w a s e n t erta in
ed i n 1 8 7 5 yb t h e I n di a n a ri s t oc r a c y o f C a l c ut t a o n t he

oc c a s i o n o f h i s v i s i t t o t h e c i t y In J a n ua ry 1 842 D w ar
.
,

k a n a t h s t a r t ed o n a v o y ag e t o E uro pe He w a s every
.
 THE TO W N HALL .

w h ere rec ei v ed w i t h muc h di s t i n c ti o n a n d h a d i n tervi ew s

,

w i t h t he Q ueen a n d Pri n c e C o n s o rt Lo ui s Ph ilippe a n d

,

m o s t o f t he c eleb riti es o f t h e da y His p o rtr a it w a s pa i n t

.

”
ed by C o un t D O rs a y t he Pri n c e o f D a n di es a n d he
’

, ,

m a y be ea s ily r ec ogn i z ed un d er a t hi n di sg ui s e i n o ne o f
T h a c k era y s n ov el s
’
. He ret urn ed t o I n di a a t t he en d o f
t h e y ea r a n d in c o mmem o r a t i o n o f h i s v i s i t pr es en t ed t h e

T o w n o f C a l c ut t a w i t h t he pi c t ur e o f t he l a te Q uee n a n d
P ri n c e C o n s o r t w hi c h h a n g in t he v es t i bul e In M a rch
.

1 845 he s t a r t ed up o n h is s ec o n d a n d l a s t v i s it t o t h e w es t .

B e fo re his d ep a rt ure h e o ff e red t o t a k e w i t h h im a n y t w o

M edi c a l C o ll ege s t ud en t s w h o m i g h t be w illi n g t o go a n d
.

t o p a y fo r a l l t h e ex pen s es o f t h eir ed uc a t i o n i n E n g l a n d .

D r Go o dev e o n e o f t he P ro fes s o rs o f t h e C o ll ege o ffer ed

‘

t o p a y t he ex pen s es o f a t hi rd a n d r a i se d a n a dditi o n a l

s um by pri v a te s ubs c ri pti o n t o en a bl e hi m t o a dd a f o urth

a n d in t he en d D w a rka n a t h h a d fo ur s t ud en t s en trus t ed

t o h is c h a rg e . A ft er m o re t h a n a y ea r S pe n t in v i s iti n g
F r a n c e E n g l a n d a n d I rel a n d he di ed o f fev e r in L o n d o n
,

o n Aug us t l s t ,1 846 a n d li es buri ed i n Ken s a l G r een c eme

,

t e ry . His a bili t i es a n d h is p ubli c s e rv i c es h a d a lrea dy

,

rec ei v ed rec og n i t i o n d uri n g h is li fet i me The pi c t ure.

w hi c h h a n gs befo re us a nd w a s p a i n t ed w hil e he w a s i n

E n gl a n d o n hi s fi r s t v i s it i s t he fr ui t o f p ubli c s ubsc ri p
,

t io n . An d a ma rbl e bus t erec t ed in h is h o n o ur by h is

,

fell o w c iti z en s o f C a l c ut t a
-
in J a n ua ry 1 842 s t a n d s i n
t h e v es ti bul e o f t he M etc al fe H a l l I t is h a lf o bs c ured by
.

bo o k s h el v es a n d p a c ki ng c a s es a s a res ult o f t he t r a n s fer

o f t he I mpe ri a l Li bra ry t o t he H a l l : b ut it i s t o be h o ped

th a t it ha s n o t been fo rgo tten a n d t h a t it is i n ten d ed in

,

c o urs e o f ti me to tr a n s fer it t o t h e V i c to ri a M emo ri a l Ha ll .

.
7 82 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D n ew .

Th ere i s not hi ng w hi c h
d d et a i n us lo n g o ver tbt
n ee

p i c t ur e o f t h e E A R L o r E Lc m V i ce r o y,o f I n d i a fr o m 1 894
-t o 1 899 I t i s t he gi ft o f R a j a h S hi b Ch un d e r B anerjet
.

o f B h a a l o re d r pr s en t s L o rd E l i n in t h e ro bes d
g p a n e
,
e g
G r a n d M a s te r o f t he O rd er o f t he I n di an E m p i re An .

a c c o un t o f h is V i c er o y a l t y w i ll be fo un d i n t he c h a pter on
”
G o v e r n men t H o us e w h ere h is po rt r a it by S i r Georg!
R eid ,
h a n gs i n t he c o rrid o r l ea d i ng to t h e Com
q
c il C ha mbe r .

DR . D un n — The i n s c rip t i on up o n N rma n M a c beth s

o
'

l a rge full l en g t h p o rtr a i t o f D r D uff w hi c h h a n g s nex t

’

. .

a ppr o pri a t ely c o mmemo r a t es h i m bo th a s m i s s io na n

”
a nd ed uc a ti o n i s t B o rn i n Sc o tl a n d i n 1 806 t h e Rev
.
,
.

A L E X AN D E R D U F F w a s fo r thi rty y ea r s o n e o f t h e most

p r o m i n en t fi g ure s i n t h e e d uc a t i o n a l w o rld o f C a lc utta .

H a v i n g been a ppo i n t ed i n 1 829 t o t h e i mpo rta n t o ffice of

fi rs t M i s s i o n a ry t o I n di a fr o m t h e es ta bli s h ed C h urch of
Sc o t l a n d he s a il ed fo r P o r t s mo uth in O c t o be r o f t h a t yea r
i n t he L a dy H o ll a n d E a s t I n di a ma n Hi s v o yagt .

w a s a n even t f ul o ne : fo r t he s hip w a s w rec ked n ea r C a pe

t o w n a n d a ga i n o ff S a ugo r I s l a n d a n d t he pa s s e n g e r s a nd
,

c r ew ba r ely es c a ped w i t h t h e i r li v es He a rri v e d i n Cal

.

c ut t a i n M a y 1 830 a n d o n t he 1 3t h J uly O pen ed in the

, , ,

h o us e n ow n umbered 5 1 U p p er C hit po re R o a d a n d then

,

k n o w n a s Fering h i Ko mul Bo se s h o us e t he i n s t i t ution ’

,

w hi c h no w bea r s h is n a me a n d is l oc a t ed i n N i mtollah

S t r eet I t h a s l o ng been t he l a rges t i n I n di a : but i t s t a rted

’

upon it s pro s pe ro us c a ree r w ith fi v e bo y s , i gn o ran t of

t he ve ri es t el emen t s o f e d uc a ti o n a n d i n ca p a bl e even of
.

d M
’

p a y i n
g a f ee D .u ri n g t h e e a rl y p eri o o f a c a u la y s
7 84 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D n ew .

Serv i c e . Th ey w e e t her fi rs t t w o
y o ut h s o f I n d i a n n a tion
al ity t o un d e rt a k e th e j o urn e y fo r t h a t p urp os e Mr . .

Ta g o re w a s s ucc es s f ul but M r G ho s e w a s n o t a n d he t e
, .,

t ur n ed t o I n di a as a mem ber o f t he E n li s h B a r H
g e .

w a s t h e s ec o n d n a t i v e I n di a n ba rri s t er t o be a d m i t t ed as an

a d v oc a t e o f t he Hi h C o ur t T h fi r w as G a n endro
g e . st

M o h un Tag o re t he Ch ri s t i a n s o n o f B a bo o P ro s unno
,

C oo ma r Ta g o re , w h o w a s a d mi t t ed i n Ma rch .

1 860 : but a s a m a t t er o f f a c t h e n ev e r pra c t i s ed

,
Tht .

s ec o n d w a s M a n o mo h a n G h o s e a d m i t t ed in M a 1 868
y ,

The t hird w a s t he l a t e M r W C B a n n erj ee a d m i t t ed in

. . .
,

M a r c h 1 870 M r G h o s e p ai d mo re t h a n o ne s ub s eq uent
, . . .

v i s i t t o E n l a n d o n po li t i c a l mi s s i o ns I 1 885 h d
g n e . a

d res s ed ma n y meet i n gs d uri n g t he gene ra l el ec t i o n o f that

y ea r a n d a t B i r mi n gh a m he h a d t he h o n o ur o f s pea king
,

un d e r t he pres id en c y o f M r J o h n B ri gh t . He w as a .

z e a l o us s uppo r t e r o f t h e I n di a n N a t i o n a l C o n g re s s and ,

w h en t h a t bo dy hel d it s s i x t h s ess i o n i n C a l c utt a i n 1 880 .

h e a c ted a s Pres id en t o f t he R ec ep t i o n C omm i t t ee In .

t he pr a c ti c e o f hi s pr o fes s i o n he w a s t he ki n d es t ea rted
h
-
,

o f men a n d ma n y a n i n n o c en t pe rs o n a c c us ed o f a ca pital

o ff en c e o w es h is li fe t o h i s ex e r t i o n s o ff ered w i t h o ut fee or
,

rew a rd .

In t h e r t he t hree s ma ll e r r oo ms
c en t e o f w hi c h lie to ,

t he s o uth t h ere h a n g a c o upl e o f pi c t ur es

,
Th e o n e on the .

s o ut h w a l l i s a po rtr a it o f R a i HuR R o C HU N D E R GROSS

B A HAD U R J udge o f t he C a lc ut t a S ma l l C a use Co urt from

,

1 854 t o 1 868 A ma rbl e bus t w hi c h ren d er s more ade

.
,

q ua t e j us t ic e t o t hi s di s ti n gui s h ed B eng a lee s ta n d s in the ,

ma i n en t ra n ce to the S ma l l C a use C o urt bui ldi ngs when ,

 T H l z TO
-
WN HA LL . 785

it w a s un v e il ed on t he 8t h M a rc h ,
1 87 6 , by S i r Ar t h ur
i

’
N I a c p he rs o n , t h en J ud ge o f t h e Hi g h C o urt
a Befo r e h is .

a p p o i n t m e n t a s S ma l l C a us e C o ur t J ud g e H urro Ch un d e r ,

G h o s e w a s fo r t w en t y ye a rs a me mbe r o f t he s ubo rdi n a t e

'

C i v i l J ud ic i a ry i n B en g a l a n d in 1 852 w a s g a z et ted a s
J u n i o r P o li c e M a g i s t ra t e o f C a l c ut t a o n the un a n i mo us
r e c o m me n da t i o n o f t he J ud g es o f t h e S udd e r D ew a n i
A d a w l ut . Tw o y e a r s l a t e r he w a s t r a n s fe rred t o t he S ma ll
C a us e C o ur t w h ere he r e m a i n ed un t il h i s d ea t h i n 1 868
77 a t t h e a g e o f 60 I n h is y o ut h he w a s a f a v o uri t e p upil
.
,

a s t h e Rev K M B a ne rj ee ha d been o f D a v id H a r e a n d
. . .
,

D e ro z io : but un li ke o t h e r s he ma i n t a i n ed h i s Hi n d ui s m
'
‘

f
.
,

H e e n j o yed t he c o n fi d en c e o f L o rd W illi a m Ben t i nc k a n d

L o rd s A uc kl a n d a n d D a lh o us i e a n d w a s in th e w o rd s o f
C h ie f J us t i c e N o r ma n w ho pres id ed a t t h e memo ria l meet
i n g h eld i n h is h o n o ur a t t he To w n H a ll o n t h e 4t h J a n
ua rv 1 86 9 t h e v e ry mo d el o f w h a t a n a t i v e ge n t l ema n
,

fI s h o uld be
“

i .

T h e in s c rip t i o n up o n t he s ec o n d p o r t ra i t in t hi s roo m
LIED
"
r e c o rd s t h a t it repres en t s M r F . .
J.J o h n s t o n e ,

-
C h i e f E n g i n eer a n d S ec r et a ry t o t h e Go ver n men t o f
B e n ga l i n t he P ubli c Wo r ks D ep a r t me n t fro m 1 891 to
1 896 . He w a s c rea ted a up o n r et ir emen t fr o m

G o v e r n men t s e r v i c e i n t he l a s t n a med y ea r It a p p ea r s .

rs , f r o m t h e c o nc l udi n g p o rti o n o f t h e i n s c rip t i on t o h a v e

b e e n p res e n t ed t o M r J o h ns t o n e by a n umbe r o f h is
“
up .

w
.
s ubo rdi n a t es a n d w o rk er s in t o k en o f t h ei r es t eem a n d
a d m i ra t i o n o f h i s q ua li t i es a s h ea d o f t he P ub li c W o rk s
J :

D e p a rt me n t a n d i t I S n o t k n o w n h o w i t fo un d i t s w a
, y
{5

33 t o t h e To w n H a ll
$ :
 C HA PTE R X I I I .

THE M E TC A L F E HA LL AN D I M P E R I AL
L I B R AR Y .

ON E of t he mo s t i n t eres t i ng
dditi on s t o C a l c ut t a dung
a

recen t yea rs is un do ubt edly t he I mperi a l Li b rary which ,

oc c upi es t h e buildi n g k n o w n a s t he M etca l fe Hall a t lb ,

f

j un c ti o n o f t he S tr a n d R o a d w ith H a re S t reet The hi .

to ry o f t he H a ll its elf ma y fi rs t be t old I t w a s erected

.

a s i t s n a me i mp o rt s t o pe r pet ua te th e memo ry o f Left

,

M etc a lfe w ho o ffi c i a t ed a s Gov er n o r Genera l o f Intfiz

,
-

fro m M a rc h 1 835 t o M a rc h 1 836 d uri ng th e i n t erval be

,

t w een t he d ep a r t ure o f L o rd W illi a m Ben t i n c k a nd L“ !

a rri v a l o f Lo rd A uc kl a n d a n d mo re pa rt i c ul a rl y t o sign-
,
l

li z e t he l a s t g rea t a c t o f h is p ubli c li fe in I n d i a t he emi r ,

c ipa t io n o f t h e pr es s A man us c ri pt n a rr a ti ve is in ex is
.

t en c e w hi c h d es c ri bes i n the w o rd s o f M r L on gueville .

Cl a rk e a di s t i ng ui s h ed a d voc a te o f t he t i me a n d one t
,

t he c hi ef pr o mo te rs o f t he mo v emen t t he v a ri o us stage
”

w hi c h c ul mi n a t ed i n t he erec ti o n o f t he H a ll
. a n d a shot

ex t r a c t fro m i t w ill n o t be w ith ut a i e s

o n n t re t o f i ts o w n

w rit es M r Cl a rk
“

O n t he 1 8t h Febr ua ry
‘

. e 3
, ,

a p ub c li m e eti n
g i n t he T o w n H a ll i t w a s p ro p o s ed b ‘
.

M r J a mes P a t t l e a d ec o d ed y b G h
’

. n s n D r J h
o . n r a n t t a
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a s ubs c ri p ti o n s h o uld be o pen ed t o erec t a s t a t u e to Si r

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a c h ie v e d t h e h o n o ur o f a p ubli c memo ri a l in t h e To w n
Ha l l : i l l ia m Bi rd w h o a c t ed a s G o v e rnor ,

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i n w h ic h t he M e tc a l fe H a ll h a d bee n l i v i n g fo r y ea rs a n d ,

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, fro m t he Pri v a t e ,

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t o t he h a bi t ués o f t he o ld C a l c utt a P ubli c Li b r a ry w i th its

a ir o f e r a l di s o rd e r a n d it s di n y a p po i n t me n ts
g n e g .

The con diti o n s un d er w hi c h lite ra ry res ea rc h a n d study

w e re p erfo rc e c a rri ed o n befo r e t he e s t a bl i s h men t of fit

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g Li b r a ry i n C a l c u t t a i n 1 78 0 oo m ,

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.

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c a u t i o n s w o u ld s ee m t o h a v e b ee n f u t il e “ ’
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r
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ur e s t o be j ea lo us lv g ua rd ed The Libra rv o f t h
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i mp o rt a n t a n d i n t e re s t i n g bo o k s The C a l c utt a .

Li b ra n w a s i n a ug ura t ed by t he g i ft o f fo ur t ho u

\ o lumc s f ro m t h e Li b ra rv o f L o rd s ho rt

l o rt “ i l lia m C o lleg e a n d c o n t a i n ed i n a ddi tio n l

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,

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q e s o o s oa e

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, ,

a n d o b t a i n a b le w i t h d i lli c ult v e ls e “ h e re S o me ten ! .

s a nd o f i t s b o ks
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 Tl l l i M E TC A L FE "A L I . A N !) IM P E R IA L L IB R A R Y .

nong t w e n t v fi ve - s e lec t e d i n s t i t ut i o n s a nd li br a ri e s in

a lc ut t a , b ut l ume o f p e r ma n e n t i n t e res t a n d rea l

e v e rv v o

t lue ha s bee n r e t a i n ed As a re s ul t t he I mp eri a l Li b r a ry

. ,

w ell f ur n i s h e d w i t h mo s t o f t he i mp o r t a n t boo k s i n E n g

; h d ea l in g w i t h I n di a Addi t i o n s a re be i n g reg ula rl v a n d

.

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s t e ma t ic a lly ma d e a n d no t o n ly E n g li s h w o r k s but
, ,

mks o n I n di a i n F ren c h a n d G e rm a n a n d o t h er E uro pe a n

n g ua
g e s w i ll b e fo un d up o n t he s he l v e s T h e L i bra rv .

s o p o s s e s s es a g o o d c o ll ec t i o n o f v o l ume s u o n g e n e r a l
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p
s pec i a lly His t o rv a n d T ra v e l i
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l l) t C t S e a n d a c o l le c t on
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n o w i n t h e c o ur s e o f fo rma t i o n o f a ll t he be s t b oo k s i n .

rd u P e r s i a n A r a bi c
, Be n g a li a n d Hi n di fro m a ll p a r t s
, , , ,

I nd i a A rra n g e men t s a re a l s o b e i n g ma d e fo r t h e
.

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pp y l o f a l l o ffi c i a l p u bli c a t i o n s rel a t i n
g t o N a t i v e S t a t es .

“ he n Li bra r y w a s fi r s t o pe n ed t he G o ver n me n t o f
'

t he

: n g a l c o n s e n t ed t o ma k e o v e r a n b oo k s w hi c h h a d bee n
y
c e i v e d i n t h e B e n g a l Li br a ry a n d w hi c h mi g h t be re

t i re d fo r t he us e o f t he I mp e r i a l Li b r a ry Acc o rdi n g ly .
,

tO U t t hr ee h un dr ed w o rk s i n c l udi n g p eri o di c a l s w e re
, ,

l e c t e d by t he Li b ra ri a n a n d r ec e i v ed fr o m t he Be n g a l
,

b ra rv The p ubli c a t i o n s o f e a c h y ea r s en t t o t he G o
.

rn m e n t o f Be n g a l i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h t he R eg i s t r a t i o n
,

t o f 1 86 7 a re n o w d r a w n a s fa r a s r eq ui red f ro m t h e
‘

, , ,

n g a l Li br a ry a n d in 1 904 t he n um be r o f bo o k s s o o b
a
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in e d w a s vo l ume s o r p a r t s o f v o l ume s , in E n g li s h , ,

n g a li a n d S a n s kri t
-
.
,

In N o ve mber 1 903, , t he As i a t i c Soc iet v B en g a l g a v e

of

rm is s io n fo r bo o k s t o be t a k e n fro m t h ei r Li bra ry fo r
ru s a l a t t he I mp e ri a l Lib ra rv a n d bo o k s ma y , a sol be
.
r ro w e d fr o m t he L ib ra rv o f t h e B o a rd of Ex a mi n er s .
7 98 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D s aw .

The r es o urc es o f t he I mperi a l Li bra ry a re t hereby grea tlv

i n c rea s ed but t he res ul t s a pp ea r t o h a v e bee n s o mew hz
’

d i s a ppo i n t i n g s o fa r fo r t he Li bra ri a n rec o rd s in 115

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repo rt fo r 1 904 t h a t d uri ng t h a t y ea r o n l y t w e n ty boob

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w e r e bo rr o w ed fr o m t he As i a t i c S oc i ety a n d t h irt y ck?

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fr o m t he B o a rd o f E x a m i n ers d uri ng t he l a s t n i n e mon th

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.
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f
b e o un d m t h r t h d k i t h R d i
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e s o n e es s n e ee t
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.

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e n um b e r o f r e q u i s i t i o n s s h o ul d e x p a n d as ti ,

a d v a n t a g es o f t h e ma n y s t a n d a rd w o rk s a v a i l a b l e t o t!
“

p ubli c a re mo re f ully a pprec i a t ed The c a t a l o g ue s of l l .

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!

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prep a red un de r t he di rec t i o n o f M r Ma c fa rl a n e t he fru .

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.

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ri a n in t he B ri t i s h M us eum a re vi s i bl e upo n a l m o s t eve

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p a ge S ev er a l h a v e bee n a l rea dy c o mpl et ed s uc h a s tlr

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,

I n d e x t he M o n t hly Li s t s o f Ac c es s i o n s t h e C a rd Ca
, ,

—
l og ue w hi c h c o mpri s es a ll a ddi t i o n s t o t he A ut h o r Ca '

l o g ue a rr a n g ed i n a s i n gl e a lph a bet a n d is c o n t a i n ed ,

c a bi n et s w hi c h s t a nd i n t he rea di n g roo m A s ubje .

r

i n d ex is in t he pres s a n d s h o uld pro ve t he m o s t usc lzz

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a n d mo s t g e n e r a lly c o n s ul t ed o f a l l t he c a t a l o u w lr
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, g e s ,

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.
,

n o di ffi c ul t y i n o bt a i n i n a n i n f o r ma t i o n req ui re d E
g y re .

boo k is c l a s s i fied a n d c a n be fo un d w i t h o ut d e la v
,
l .
'

ma t t e r s req ui ri n g ex c ep t i o n a l a c q ua i n t a n c e w i t h t he r e

s o ur c es o f t he Li b r a ry t he a s s i s t a n c e o f t he Li b r a ria n
,

mo s t w illi n g ly g i v en w hil e M r E \V M a d g e t h e kind . . .

,
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a n d rea dy t o pl a c e a t t he di s p o s a l o f t he re s e a rc he r lr
800 o n ) AN D N EW .

i th reg a rd
l o a n s n o bo o k t h a t is o n t he s helves i
to ,

t he re a d i n g ro o m i s l en t o ut t o t he p ubli c b ut m o s t o f the
,

o t he r bo o k s a n d a l s o a c o ll ec t i o n o f d upli c a t e s — o f w hich
,

o r t io n a re d upli c a t es o f bo o k s i n t he r ea d i n r om
a
p g o a n

w a i la ble fo r l en di n g o ut p urp o s e s M a n us c ri p t s espe

- .
,

c ia lly o f v a l ua bl e bo o k s a re n o t a s a r ul e l e n t a n d “ he
“

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bo o k s a re le n t s ec uri t y eq ua l t o t he v a l ue o f t h e bo oks h
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req ui re d e x c e p t i n t he c a s e o f t h e pr o p ri et o r s o f t he 0 5
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:

C a l c ut t a P ubli c Li br a ry B o o k s a re l e n t a ll o v er I ndia
. .

in a c c o rd a n c e w i t h t he a bo ve me n t i o n e d t e r ms -
.

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n ea r t he S upe ri n te n d e n t
’
s t a bl

w il l be fo un d a ll l
t h e a t es t bo o k s be a ri n g on I nd i a ,
a n d ti!

la t e s t G o v e rn me n t I n di a R epo r t s of N ew boo k s ar .
r

p l a c e d o n t h i s s t a n d a s r ec e i v e d a n d k e p t t h e r e fo r a w eek ,

o r t w o be f re be i n
go r e l eg a t e d t o t h e ir pr o p e r s ec t i o ns .

It i s a t i s l a e t o rv h a t t he p ubli c h a v e n o t be:
'

s to no te t

s lo w t o a v a il t h e ms e l v es o f t he pri v il e f rr d b t r
g es c o n e e v

Imp e r i a l Li br a ry In 1 903 d uri n g t he el even mo n t hs

.
,
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w a s o p en . rea d er s ma de us e o f t he rea di n g row

i n 1 904 t he n umbe r i n c rea s ed t o a n d i n 1 905

ma k ing a n a ve r a ge o f 1 00 rea d er s o n o rd i na r ‘

w ee k d a y D uri n g t h e c urre n t y ea r ( 1 906) t h e re h a s sr ‘

. ,

fa r be e n a c o rres po n di n g i n c rea se a n d t he n umber

,

re a d e rs w il l n o d o ubt c o n t i n ue t o s h o w a n up w a rd te n denc
‘

I S t he ma n i fo ld a d v a n t a g e s o f t he Li b r a ry a n d it s a d m i t

a ble a rra n g e me n t s bec o me mo re w id ely k no w n .

 800 O LD AN D s ew .

N o ra — S i nc e Ch a p ter X IV hla s be en i n t ype a d e c i s i o n ,

i s a n n o un c ed t o h a v e bee n a rri ved a t reg a rdi n g t h e d i s

p e rs a l of t h e c o llec t i o n o f pi c t ures b oo k s
,
M ,
S S .o ld

a rmo ur , et c w h i c h is e v en t ua lly t o be pl a c ed i n
.
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t he

V i c t o ri a M e mo ria l H a ll a t C a l c ut t a if i t is eve r b ui l t
,
a nd
,

w h i c h h a s bee n t emp o r a rily ho used in t he I n di a n M us e um . .

Th e c o llec t i o n h a s be e n o n v i ew fo r s o me t h re y e a r s a n d e

h a s be en a dd ed t o fr o m t i me t o t i me s i n c e Lo rd C u rz o n

p re s i d ed a t t he o p e n i n
g c e r e m o ny . B u t t h e t r u s t e e s o f t h e

M e mo ri a l rec o g n i s i n g t he r i s k s t h a t a re lik ely to be run

,

by l e a v i n g r a re a n d v al ua bl e a rt i c l es ex po s ed fo r a n i n d e
fi ni t e ti me h a v e j us t d ec id ed t o pl a c t h em in s a fe k ee p i n g
,
e
.

c a re f ully p re p a red li s t ha s be en m a d e o ut s h o w i n g e v e r
y
s e p a ra t e e x hi b i t a n d w i t h w ho m it i s t o be pl a c ed . Th e
v ery l a r e pi c t ures w i l l re m a i n i n t h e M use um o t h e r w i ll
g , s

g o t o G o v e r n m e n t H o u s e B e
, l v e d e r e t h e
, T o w n H a l l an d

t h e Co mma n d e r i n Chi e f s q ua r t e r s i n Fo r t bl a n v
’
- -

o f t h e a r t i c le s l e n t b
y In di a n C h i e fs a n d g e n t l e m en o r b y
p u b li c b o d i e s w ill be r e t u r n e d t o t h e m T h. e li s t w ill s t a te
h o w e ve ry t h i n g h a s been d is po s ed o f a n d t h us w h e n t h e
t i m e c o me s t he c o ll ec t io n c a n be g a t he r ed to g e t he r a i
g a n .

Th is is t h e o n ly c o urs e t h a t c o uld be fo ll o w ed i n t h e c i r
c um s t a n c e s e s pe c ia lly a s d o ub t s ha v e a ri s e n a s t o t he r
, p a e

t ic a bil it y o f bui ldi n g t he M e mo ri a l H a ll o n t h e s i te s e l e c t ed

o n t h e M a id a n .
802 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D n ew .

bl a ge at D elhi of 1 87 7 . The
i n sc ript i on rec o rds that the
s t a t ue w a s pr es en t ed t o t he I n di a n
p peo l e b y M a htab
Ch a n d B a h a d ur Ma h a ra j a D hi r a j o f B urd w a n
, in com ,

memo ra ti o n o f Her M a j es t y s g r a c i o us a s s um p t i o n of tit

’

I mperi a l t i t l e o n J a n ua ry l s t A s ec o n d i n sc ription
,

i n fo r ms us th a t t h e ped es t a l co mmemo ra t i n g t he saint

a us pi c i o us ev en t w a s pres en t ed by Aft a b C h a n d Maha

t a b B a h a d ur t he s uc c eedi n g M a h a r a j a D hi r a j o f B urdw an
,

LO R D VV E L L E S L E Y .
— A f ull s i z ed ma rbl e
-
s t a t ue o f th

Ma ngues s W enw s w v, ( 1 7 60 1 842) by -

J oh n B a c o n , j unior .

st a n ds up o n a w hit e ma r bl e ped es t a l t o t he r ig ht of thc

Q ueen ffigy It is s i mp le i n po s e but full O f dignit

’
s e .
,

a n d c o m ma n d The fo l lo w i n g is t he i n s c rip t i o n upon the

.

pedes t a l M a rq ues s W ell es l ey Go ver no r G e n eral 0: ,

-

I n di a fro m 1 7 98 t o 1 805 E rec ted by t he B r i t i s h in habit

.

a n t s o f Ben g a l i n t es t i mo n y o f t h ei r hi g h s e n s e o f fly
”
w i s d o m en ergy a n d rec t i t ud e o f h is a d mi n i s t ra t i o n
, .

R i c h a rd C o ll ey W ell es l ey fi rs t M a rq uess ‘V e llc slcr, .

w a s t h e eldes t s o n o f t h e E a rl o f M o r n i ng t o n w h om h , t

s uc c eed ed in t h a t t i t l e a n d eld er br o t h e r ( a s is w e
“

,
.

k no w n ) o f t he g rea t D uk e o f W elli ngt o n A f ri en d an: .

fo ll o w er o f Pi t t a t r a i n ed s t a tes ma n fro m h i s y o ut h up
, .

a ri pe s c h o l a r a n d fo r fo ur y ea r s a l ea di n g m e m ber 0:
,

t he B o a rd o f C o n t ro l h is a pp o i n t me n t t o t he G o vernor
,

Gen er a l s hi p o f I n di a a t t h e a ge o f thi rty ei g h t s e e m ed the -

mo s t a p p r o pri a t e a n d w i s es t o f s el ec t i o n s B ut w h en h . t

l a n d ed a t C a l c ut t a in M a y 1 7 98 fe w c o uld h a v e p rophe
, ,

s i ed t he g rea t c h a n ge t h a t w o uld be w r o ugh t by h im ow :

t he f a c e o f I n d i a F r o m t h e fi r s t be l a id it d o w n a s hi
. .

u idi pri n c ipl e t h a t t h e E ng li s h mus t be t he a r m u t

g n g p a o n
 w e V IC TO R IA M E MO R I A L HA LL C O LL EC TIO N . 803

p o w e r in t he Pen i n s ul a The t r a d er w a s t o g i ve w a y t o
.

t he a dm i n i s t r a t o r t he h umbl e s uppli a n t a t t he feet o f t he

,

c o n q ue ro r o f t he un i ver s e t o t he s o ve r ei g n di c t a t o r a n d

o v e rl o rd I f t he E ng lis h a re t o da y t he un di s p ut ed
.
-

ma s t e rs o f a c o un t ry w h o se p eo pl e mo re th a n d o uble
G ib b o n s es ti ma t e o f 1 20 milli o n s fo r a ll t he r a c es a n d
’

n a t i o n s w ho o bey ed I mpe ri a l R o me i t is n o t hi n g but t he

,

de v e lo p me n t a n d f ul fi l men t o f t he po li c y o f i mp eri a li s m i n i
t i a t e d a n d fo s tered by W ell es l ey The E n g li s h h a d been
.

i n I n di a fo r a c en t ury a n d a ha l f w h en he a rri v ed in t he
c o un try but t h ei r pr o g res s h a d been i n s i g n i fi c a n t
, At t he
.

m
’
e n d O f h is s ev en y ea r s g o v e rn e n t a ll H i n d u s t a n l a a t
, y
t h e f ee t o f a c o mp a n y o f E n g li s h t r a d er s w ho s i x ty y ea r s
,

be fo re ha d been i g n o mi n i o us ly c h a s ed fro m t h ei r fa c
,

t o ri es i n Ben g a l W ell es l ey w a s a bl e t o c a r ry o ut a l mos t

.

e v e ry p a rt o f h is ma g n i fi c e n t i mp a t i en t s c he me but he ha d
mea n w hil e ex h a us t ed t he p a t i en c e o f t he C o urt o f D i rc e
t o rs i n Lo n d o n Thes e w o rt hi es c o uld n o t br oo k t he idea
.

o f r ul i ng I n di a fr o m a p a l a c e Th ei r n o t i o n s w ere t h o s e
.

o f t h e c o un t i n g ho use a n d o f t h e r et a il d e a l e r i n mus li n s

a n d i n di g o . The g l o ri o us li t t l e ma n w a s rec a ll ed in

di s g r a c e : a s eri es o f a tt a c k s in Pa rli a men t a n d v o te o f

c en s ur e fr o m t he C o mp a n y w h o s e d o mi n i o n s h e h a d t re

b l ed w ere t he o n ly re w a rd s o f h is s t a t es ma n s hip a nd
c o ur a g e It w a s n o t un t il t hi r t y y ea r s l a t er t h a t t he o ut
.

ra e o us v e rdi c t o f 1 807 w a s c a n c ell ed by t he v o t i n f

g g o

a s t a t ue a n d a g r a n t o f t o th e ma n t o w h o m E n g

la n d o w es t h e I m eri a l I n di a o f t o da
p y H
-
i s s.t a t u e a d o r ns

n o t o n ly t he v es ti bule o f t he I n di a O fli c e but un til a few

, ,

s ho rfl mo n t h s a go w a s ho n o ured fi t t i n g ly eno ug h w i t h a
,

l a c e i n th e G o ve r n me n t Ho us e i n C a l c ut t a w hi c h h e b uil t
p ,
804 CA C L U TTA O L D A N D ne w .

a nd w hi c h i s t he bes t of mo n umen ts t o t he g rea t prom

s ul , w ho , fi n di n g B ri t i s h p re s t i ge i n I n di a a t its lawn:
po n i
t , ra i s ed it t o it s hi gh es t a n d l ef t h i s c o untrvme :

s pr eme i n Hi n d us t a n
u .

L O RD D A L HO U S I E — TO t he
. Q uee n V i c t o ri a m
l e ft of

t he f ull l en g t h ma rbl e s t a t ue by Si r J o h n S t ee l ,

t he M a rq ues s O f D a lh o us i e ( 1 81 2 1 860 G o v e rn o r Getter:

) ,
- -

o f I n di a fro m 1 848 t o 1 856 It w a s e rec ted i n h is been;

.

by p ubli c s ubs c rip t i o n a n d s t oo d o ri g i n a lly i n t h e Threw

r o o m a t G o v er n men t H o us e o pp os i t e t h a t o f Lcr:
W elles l ey w h en c e i t w a s t ra n s ferred t o t he D a l h o us i e Inst ~

t ut e o n t he o pe n i n g O f t h a t buildi n g a s a m o n ument .

edi fi c e t o c o n t a i n w i t hi n i t s w a ll s s t a t ues a n d busts

.
.

”
g r ea t m e n I t .h a s n o w been h a n d ed o ver t o t he Tm ~

t ee s o f t h e V i c t o ri a M emo ri a l H a ll t oget h e r w i th ti! ,

bus t s o f M ut i n y he r o es by w hi c h i t w a s s urro un d ed .

J a mes An drew B ro un R a ms a y ten th E a rl a nd En ,

“

M a rq ues s o f D a lh o us i e w a s bo r n i n 1 81 2 ,
His fath:
.

G eo rg e t he n i n t h E a rl w a s fr o m 1 81 9 t o 1 828 G o verna
, ,

i n - Chi e f o f C a na d a a n
,
d fr o m 1 8 2 9 t o 1 8 3 2 C o m m a nd s

ih - Chi e f in n aI di A
. t Ch ri s t Ch u r c h h e w a s a c o m er

f L rd C i d t h e i h t h L o rd E lg i n w i t

p o r a ry o o a n n n
g a n e g ,

b o t h f o ll o w e d h i m a s G o v e r n o r G e n
-
e r a l o f I n di a I
. n 18 2
1

h e bec a me h ei r t o t he t it le by t he d ea t h o h s bro h r f i t e L o r a

R a ms a y , i h
a n d n 1 838 e s uc c ee d e d h i s f a t h e r a s t e n t h E a rl

Hs i o n ly i m p o r t a n t p u b li c o ffi c e i n E n g l a n d w a s th at c

Pre s id e n t o f t he B o a rd O f r d t T a e o w hi h
c S i r R o b e r t P ?!

a pp o i n t ed h i m i n 1 843 . W h en P ee l ret ired f ro m o fl i ee ir

1 46
8 L
, o rd J h
o n R us e s ll ff
o e e r d h i m t h e G o v e rn o r G e n-e ri

s hip o f I n di a h
w e e
,
r h i s f a t h e r i n l-
a w - t h e,
M a rq u es s 0 ’
806 CA C L U TTA O L D A N D new .

ah d h ea vy burd en ta ken o ff t he s h o ul d e rs o f ti:

a

Go ve r n o r Gen er a l by t h e ap po i n t men t o f a L i e utenant

-
,

G o v er n o r o f B en ga l The a ut h o r o f t hi s g r e a t w o rk die
. .

a v i c ti m li k e C o r n w a lli s a n d C a n n i n d m th r!
g a n a n y a n o e
'
h is d ev o t i o n t o I n di a s need s : but i t w ill b e l o n g befur
h is n a me a n d h is l a bo ur s a re fo rgo t t en .

A ro un d t he Q ueen h a ve bee n p l a c ed in
Of
'

s t a t ue t he

s emi C i rc l e t he fo ll o w i n bu t w hi c h w e s h a l l e n umerr
g s s
-
,

i n o rd er c o mmen c i ng fr o m t h e c o r n er o f t h e g ra n d stf
'

c a s e o n the n ort h

1 . E D W ARD FR E D E R IC K V E N AB L ES ( 1 8 1 8
-
1 85 8)
m a r bl e bus t by S i r J o h n S t eel , p re s e n t e d by th
C o un c i l o f t he D a lh o us i e I n s t i t ut e w her e i t o rigi nal: ,

s t oo d V en a bles
. a g a ll a n t i n,
di g o pl a n t e r r a i s e d a} : -
,

o rga n i s ed a s ma l l bo dy o f h o rs e d uri n g t h e L l ut i ny
k eep o rd er i n t he di s t ri c t o f Az img a rh i n t h e U n i t ed Py r

v i n ce s He w a s i n s t r ume n t a l i n res c ui n g m a n y E uro;

.

e a n s fr o m c o n fi n eme n t a n d t oo k a n a c t i v e p a r t w i th b
,
.
"
l ev y in t he c a mp a i g n o f t he G oo rkh a c o n t i n g e n t fro
N ep a l a g a i n s t t he rebel s in O udh i n J uly a n d S e p t embr
1 857 It w a s s a id o f h im th a t a t t h e ba t t l e o f A z i mgt t
.

o n S ep t embe r 2ot h 1 85 7 he w a s a l w a y s w h e re fi g ht itt

'

, ,

w a s h a rd es t : he w a s fi rs t up a t t he fi r s t gun t a k e n a n ,

k ill ed t h r ee men w i t h h is o w n h a n d He w a s w o undd .

d uri n g t he p urs ui t o f C oer S i ng h t he r ebel l ea d er i n Beha r , .

a n d di ed A pril 1 9 t h 1 858 ,
.

2 J A M E S P R IN S E P F R S ( 1 799 a m a rb l e blb
'

. . . .
,

e x ec ut ed b H W k 8 d b h A m i
' '

y ee es i n 1
. 43 : p rese n t e y t e s

S oc i et y o f w hi c h he w a s t he Sec ret a ry ( in s uc c e s s i on t
,
.
 THE v x c rO R l A M E M O R r
A L HA LL C O LL E C TIO N . 807

H o ra c e H a y ma n W il s o n ) fro m 1 833 t o 1 838 An a c c o un t .

o f h is c a r ee r w ill be fo un d i n t he c h a p t er o n t h e S t a t ues

a n d M o n umen t s O f t he Ci t y i n c o n n ec t i o n w i t h P ri n s ep s ’
,

G h a t w hi c h w a s
, e r ec t ed in h is h o n o ur b
y h i s f e ll o w
”
c i t i z en s He die d i n L ond o n i n 1 840 Hi s s erv i c es to
. .

t h e As i a t i c S oc i et y w ere o f un p a r a ll el ed i mpo r t a nc e a n d ,

h i s a d mi n i s t r a t i o n O f i t s a ffa i rs t he mo s t bri lli a n t a n d s uc

c e s s f ul i n i ts a n n a l s B es id es c o n t ri but i ng l a rg ely t o n umi s
.

m a ti es a n d t o s c i en c e he w o n fo r hi ms elf a n i mperi s h a bl e
,

n a me a s t he di s c o v ere r a n d fi rs t d ec i ph er e r O f t he a n c ien t

a l p h a bet s O f I n di a .

3 . C HAR L E S THEO P HI L U S L O R D M ETC A L FE ( 1 785 1 846)

,
-

”
t he Li bera t o r O f t h e I n di a n Pres s Ac t i ng Go v er n o r
.

G en e ra l O f I n di a fr o m 1 835 t o 1 836 Go v er n o r o f J a ma ic a
f ro m 1 839 t o 1 842 a n d G o v er n o r Gen e ra l o f C a n a d a fr o m
-

1 843 t o 1 845 A ma r bl e b us t by E H B a ily R A

. . It.
,
. .

f o r merly s t oo d i n t he v es t i bul e o f t he M et c a lfe H a ll a n d ,

a t t h e c o n v e r s i o n o f t h a t buildi n g i n t o t he I mp eri a l Li br a ry

a s s ed i n t o t he p o s s es s i o n o f t h e Go v er n me n t o f I n di a
p
b y w h o m it h a s been pres e n ted t o t he V i c t o ri a M emo ri a l
H a ll .

4 .C HA R L E S M A R QU E S S C O R N W A LL I S ( 1 738 1 805) Gov

,
-

e rn o r Ge n e ra l o f I nd i a fro m 1 7 85 t o 1 7 93 a n d a in fo r a
g a
-
,

s h o r t p eri o d i n 1 805 : a ma r bl e bus t ex ec ut ed by J a mes

B a c o n i n 1 7 99 : pres en t ed by M r C W M c M i n n o f t he
. . .

I n d i a n Ci v il Se r vi c e ( ret i red ) .

I) M AJO R J AM E S R EN N E LL F R S ( 1 7 42
.
, . . S ur
.

v eyo r G en er a l O f Ben ga l fr o m 1 76 4 1 7 7 7 : a b ro n z e bus t

- -

r es en t ed i n 1 903 by h i s g r a n d s o n S i r J a mes R en n ell R odd ,

p
808 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

now M i n i s t er at S t oc kh o l m . A m o n g his
e a ge r f r o t u e s ee
n -
ki n g c o un t ry men O f t he l a s t c e n t ury in
B en g a l R en n ell s t a n d s fo r t h a s a n un iq ue fi g ure
,
— a c a lm .

”
di s ti n g ui s h ed ma n o f s ci en c e E n t eri n g t h e n a v y a t thc
.

a g e O f fo ur t een he j o i n ed t h e E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y s heart
’

in 1 7 63 a n d in t he fo ll o w in g y ea r r ec e i ved a n E ns i gn s
'

c o mmi s s i o n in t h e Be n g a l E ng i n ee rs f ro m G o v ern or
V a ns i t t a r t a n d w a s a pp o i n t ed S ur v ey o r o f t h e
,
Corn
d m i i l th i
“
i n he
'

p a n y s o n o n s i n B e n g a I n a t p o. s t o

r ema i n ed w i t h o ut s eeki n g prom o t i on o r c o n ce rn i n g h i ms el:

,

i n mo n ey ma k i n g t hr o ug h o ut h i s t hi r t een y ea rs O f I n dia n
,

s er vi c e .In di ffe r en t t o t he v a n i t i es o f s oc i a l li fe he kept ,

a s t a ff o f d r a f t s me n i n C a l c ut t a but buri ed h i m s e l f in th

r ec ess es o f E a s t er n B en ga l t o be nea r t he c en t re o f M
w o rk . Yea r by y ea r he s t udi ed t he g rea t ri ve r s y s t em -

i n w hi c h he di s c o v e red t he key t o t he geog r a p h y o f the

c o un try O n h is la bo ur s o ur k n o w led ge res t s
. A f t e r his .

ret ur n t o E n g l a n d in 1 7 77 t h ey w o n fo r hi m t h e h ighest ,

r a n k a mo n g me n o f s c i en c e S t ill refus i ng o ffe rs o f a d .

.

v a n ce men t he q ui e t ly w e n t o n w i t h his w o rk un t i l e x t rem

,
r

o ld a
g e c o n t en t t o be
, t he l e a di n g g g eo r a ph e r i n E ng .

"
l a n d i f no t i n E uro p e fo r a p eri od o f fi ft y y ea rs
, ,
He .

di ed a t t he a ge o f ei gh t y s even a n d lies b uri ed i n “fes t -

m i n s t er Abbey O n O c to be r 1 5t h 1 7 7 2 he ma r ri ed from
.
, ,

M r C a r t i er s h o us e a t D a c c a J a n e Th a c k er a y th e Sister
’
.
,

Of S ylh et Th a c k e ra y a n d g rea t a un t t h ere fo re o f the

”
a uth o r o f V a n i t y F a ir Amo n g t he a ut o g ra p h s in the
.

c o ll ec ti o n w i t hi n ma b a l t t r fr o m C a p t a i n J a mes
y e s e e n e e

R en n ell d a t ed Fo rt W illi a m 25t h Se p t ember 1 7 7 4 a s king

'

, , , ,

t he C o un c i l t o rec o mmen d hi m fo r a p en s i o n t o t he ( h urt

o f D ir ec t o rs s o t h a t h e ma b a b l e t o re t i re
, y e .
81 0 L
C A C U TTA O L D A N D N E w .

9 . M a j o r Gen era l S i r J AM E S O U TRAM

-
: m a r ble bust hr
J.H F o l ey R A .
, . .

10 . Ma j o r Gen era l S i r H E N R Y HAV E L O C K ( 1 7 95

-

m a rbl e bus t by N oble .

B ri g a di er Gene ra l -
J AM E S G EO R G E S MITH N EI L
C B . .
( 1 81 0
-
1 85 7 ) ma rbl e bus t by N o bl e .

12 . B ri g a di er Ge ne ra l -
J O HN N IC HO L S O N , ( 1 821
ma rbl e bus t by J H . Fo
. l ey R A ,
. .

fo ur me mo ri a l s o f M uti n y h eroes a re p re s en t ed h
Th ese
t he C o un c il o f t he D a lh o us i e I n s t i t ut e i n w hi c h b uildim

t hey f o r merly s t o od .

13 The D U K E OE VV E L L I N OTO N ( 1 7 6 9 1 852) a notlr

'

-
.

m a rble bus t e x ec ut e d i n 1 81 4 by P . Turn e rell i l e n t by tl

v

C o rp o ra t i o n O f C a l c utt a I t w a s fo r me rly pl a c ed . o n I}:

uppe r l a n di n g o f t he To w n Ha ll .

ro o ms w e ma y beg i n o ur c i rc ui t o f tlr
E n teri n g t he ,

fi r s t o r C en t r a l G a ll ery by t ur n i n g t o t he l e ft : w hen 15?

s h a ll fi n d t he f o ll o w i n pi c t ur e O n t he w a l l s
g s

( )
1 S W I LL IAM J O N E S ( 1 7 46 1 794) P ui s n e J udg e of ll?
i r -
"

S upr eme C o ur t fr o m 1 783 t o 1 79 4 fo un d er a n d fi rs t Pres} ,

d en t o f t he As i a t i c S o c i et y i n 1 784 : pa i n t ed d uri ng he
bo yh o od by S ir J o s h ua R ey n o l d s P R A J o n es is repre , . . .

s en t e d as a y o ut h f l
u s tude n t w i t h d a rk e y e s a n d s hort
,

bro w n h a i r d res s ed i n a red bl o us e a n d s i t t i n g a t a w i nd ou

,

rea di n g This like t he s uc c eedi ng o n e is pres en ted by tlk

.
, ,
‘

A s i a ti c S o c i et y .

( )
2 Adj i i i th er pi c t ur e O f S I R ‘V I LL I AN Jox e
‘

o n s a no
n g
bv R o be rt H o me ,
w ho w h en pres en t i n g i t t o t he Asia tic
,
 T HE V IC TO R I A M E M O R I A L HA LL C O LL ECTIO N . 81 1

S oc e i ty On O c to be r 1 3t h , 1 81 3, k s O f it a s c ompo s ed
s p ea

f r om t he v e ry s l en de r ma te ria ls w hi c h a re left t o t he
”
p u b lic . J o n e s w a s b o r n i n 1 7 4 6 a n d l o s t h i s f a t h e r t h e
,

m a t h e ma t i c i a n a n d fri en d o f N ew to n w h en h e w a s o n ly ,

t h ree y ea r s O ld He w a s ed uc a t ed a t H a rro w a n d U n i v er
.

s i t y C o ll e e
g ,O x f o rd w h e r e h
, e i m pr o v ed h i s k no w l ed g e

o f H ebrew ga i n ed s o me a c q ua i n t a n c e w ith C h in es e
, ,

m a s te red Ar a bi c a n d bec a me a fl uen t sc h ola r i n G erma n

, ,

S p a n i s h a n d P o r t ug ues e His a p t it ud e i n lea r n i ng la n

.

g u a g es w a s e x t r a o rdi n a ry a n d S i r J o h n S h o r e h a s reco rd
,

ed th a t ma n y o f t he mo s t l ea r n ed As i a t i c s h a d the
c a n d o ur to a vo w t h a t h is k n o w l ed ge O f Ar a bi c a n d

P e r s i a n w a s a s a c c ur a t e a n d e x t en s i ve a s the i r o w n .

T h ere i s a goo d s to ry t o ld o f J o n es i n c on n ec t i o n
w i t h h is w o nd erf ul li n g ui s t i c g if t s \V he n j o ur n eyi ng
.

t h r o ug h F ra n c e i n 1 782 he w a s i n t rod uc ed t o Ki n g L o ui s

t h e S i x t een t h a n d o n bei n g a s k ed s ev er a l q ues t i o n s r eg a rd

,

i n g t he pro v i n c es he h a d v i s i t ed a s t o n i s he d t he Ki n g by
,

r e p lyi ng i n t he p a rt i c ul a r di a l ec t o f e a c h pro vi nc e referr ed

to . I V hen he h a d l eft L o ui s rema rk ed
’
,
Thi s is a mos t
e x t ra o rdi n a ry m a n He un d e rs t a n d s t he l an g uage o f mv
.

e o pl e bet t e r t h a n I do m y s el f H e is a mo re ex t r a
p .

"
o rdi n a rv ma n t h a n y o ur M a j es t y i ma g i n es rej o i n ed o n e
,

o f t he c o ur t i e r s fo r he un d e rs t a n d s a l mo s t every la n
,

" "
g u a g e i n t h e w o rld b u t h i
,
s o w n M o.n D i e u ! e x
"
c l a i med t h e Ki n
g th e,n O f w h a t C o un try is h e ? H e is

a W e l s h ma n
"
pl ea s e yo ur M a j es t y
,
w a s t he r eply
,
An d
.

i f it be t r ue t h a t J o n es ne ve r g a ve hi ms elf t he pa i n s t o
a c q ui re W el s h i t w a s s o l ely bec a us e he c o uld ga i n li t tl e
,

o r n o k n o w l ed e fro m it
g H e w a s c a ll ed t o t h e B a r i n
.

1 7 7 4 a n d t ri ed i n v a i n t o i n d uc e t he el ec to r s O f C am brid g e
 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E \\

to ret u n r h im to
P a rli a men t His li be ra l O pi n i o n s a n d
.

h is d et es t a t i o n o f t he A me ri c a n W a r a n d t he S l a v e t ra de
p re v en t ed his el ec t i o n b ut h e met w i t h be t t e r s uc ce s s a t
,

\ V es t mi n s t er H a ll In 1 783 he w a s a p po i n t ed a P ui sn e
.

J ud ge o f t he S up reme C o urt a t C a l c ut ta fi l li n g the ,

v a c a n c y c a us ed l o n
g s i n c e by t h e d ea th o f Le M a i s t re in

1 777 . E a rly in t he s a me y ea r he ma rri ed a d a ug h t e r of

D r S hi pl ey B i s h o p o f St As a ph a n d th ereby bec a me
.
, .
,

un c l e by ma rri a ge o f B i s ho p H ebe r .

U po n a C a l c ut t a i n t he mo nth o f O c t o be r 1 7 83
rri va l in , .

he t oo k up h is re s i de n c e a t G a rd en R ea c h i n a b un g a lo w
a l mo s t o pp o s it e t he b uildi n g s o f w h a t w a s o n c e t he

He perfo r med h is j ud ic i al
'
B i s h o p s C o ll eg e a t S eebp o re .

f unc t i o n s w ith muc h a bili t y but his ma i n p urs ui t s w ere

,

l it e ra ry a n d j uri s t i c a l His n ew en v i ro n men t s ui t ed h i m

.

e x a c t ly a s a ffo rdi n w id fi ld f r t h r o s c ut i o n o f h is
g a e e o e p e

O ri e n t a l s t udi es a n d W a rr e n H a s ti n gs a n d he fo un d m a n v
,

i n t eres t s in c o mmo n To g et h er t h ey fo und ed t he Be ng al

.

A s i a t i c S o c i e ty i n J a n ua ry 1 784 a n d his el even a n n i v er

s a ry di s c o ur s es t o t he S oc i e t y a s i t s fi r s t P res id e n t a n d h is

c o n t ri buti o n s t o t h e S o c i e t y s res ea rc h es ma d e a n e ra in
’

t h e s t udy o f t he I n di a n l a n g ua g es li t e ra t ure a n d p hi lo
,

S o phy . He w a s t he fi r s t E ng li s h s c h olar t o ma s t e r S a n s
kri t a n d a s a j uri s t s et hi ms elf t o prep a re a c o m p l ete
,

di ges t o f Hi n d o o a n d M uh a mma d a n la w w hi c h h o w ev er .
, , ,

h e did n o t li v e t o c o mpl et e He s uffered muc h fro m t he

.

c li ma t e a n d w h en H a s t i n g s s a w hi m a t B h a ga lp ur i n D e
,
”
c ember 1 784 he w a s a
, ,
p erfec t s keleto n An d o n his
.

r et ur n t o C a l c ut t a a ft er t w o mo n t h s o n th e riv er h e rec ords

.

t h a t he c o uld o n ly pr es e r v e h i s h ea l t h bv a res o l ut i on o f
81 4 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

to be t he wo rk Ho me w hi c h h a n gs in
of t he C o unc il
Ch a mbe r at Gover n men t H o use .

( )
4 The nex t p o th a t o f t he M A R Q U E S S o r
rtr a i t is
H AS T IN G S ( 1 7 554
, Go v er n o r Gene ra l o f I n d i a from
-

1 81 3 to 1 823 The pi c t ure c o mes from t he G o v e rn me nt

.

Ho us e c o ll ec t i o n a n d is t he Ki tc a t pi c t ure w h i c h Lord
D al h o us i e f o un d t h r us t a w a y o ve r a d oo rw a y T h e pa i n . .

t e r s n a me i s un k n o w n The po rt ra i t h as been s up po sed

'
.

by s o me t o r ep re s en t S i r E yre C oo t e a n d t h e a ut h o rs hip
a s s i g n ed t o Chi n n e r
y W h en i t
. w a s s en t t o E n
g l a n d in

1 890 t o be c l ea n ed S i r Geo rge S c h a rf D i r ec t o r o f t he

, ,

N a t i o n al G a ll ery fo un d a t t he ba c k a pi ec e o f p a p e r i n ,
.

”
c ri bed mo s t pro ba bly S ir E y re C oo t e B ut t h e re c a n .

be li t t l e do ubt th a t t he pe rs o n po rt ra y ed is t h e E a rl o f
M o i ra w ho w a s c rea t ed M a rq ues s O f H a s t i n g s o n D ec em
ber 7 t h 1 81 6 d uri ng h is t e n ure O f t he O ffi c e o f G o v e rn o r
, ,

G en era l .

( )
5 O n t h e no rth wa ll
pl d ha s been ace a f ull - l e n g t h
p o rtra i t o f S I R E L IJAH IM P E Y i n fl o w i ng w ig a n d s c a rlet
ro bes The pi c t ure ha s been l en t by t he Chi e f J us t i c e a nd
.

J udges o f t he Hig h C o ur t It w a s pa i n t ed i n 1 7 7 6 In
.

Tilly Ket t l e w ho a p pea r s t o h a v e a rri v ed in C a l c ut t a s o m

,
r

fo ur yea r s ea rli er w i t h a rep ut a ti o n ea rn ed by h i s s ki l ful

res t o r a t i o n o f t h e l a rge c eili n g pic t ure i n t he S h eldo n ia n
Th ea tre a t O x fo rd w hi c h ha d o ri gin a lly been t he w o r k of
,

R obe r t S t rea ter i n t he d a y s o f Ch a rl es t he Sec on d The .

p o rtr a it o f I m p y
e m a y be a c c ept ed a s a f a i t h f ul l i k e n es s .

fo r it w a s en g r a v ed fo r t he me mo i r i n w hi c h h is s o n s t r ove
t o s et h i m ri g h t i n t he ey es o f po s t e rity a n d it i s n o d o ubt ,

t he o n e f o r w hi c h t h e fr ee merc h a n t s free ma ri n e rs a nd . .
 THE V IC TO R IA M EMO R IA L HA LL C O L LE C TI ON . 81 5

o t h er i n h a bit a n t s o f C a lc utt a beg ged t he Ch ief J ust ice t o

s it i n t he ex tremely fl a tt eri ng a ddres s th ey O ff ered t o h i m
a t t h e en d o f 1 7 7 5 a ft er t he c o n de mn a ti o n o f N unc oma r
, .

T h e pi c t ur e a c c o rdi ng
,
t o t he pr a y er ma d e by t he
re s e n t e r s o f t h a ddr es s w a i n t en d ed fo r t he a d o rn men t
p e s ,

”
o f the To w n H a l l by w hi c h w a s me a n t t he O ld C o urt
,

H o us e in t h e n o rt h ea s t c o r ner o f Ta n k S q ua re ; a n d o n t he
-

d e m o li t i o n o f t h a t buildi n g it w a s n o do ubt tra n s ferred t o

t h e g r a n d j ury roo m in t he n ew C ourt H o us e on t h e E s pla

n a d e a n d ha s s o
p a s s ed i n t o t h e c u s t ody O f th eir lo rd s hi p s

O f t h e Hi g h C o ur t The po r tra it o f I mpey by Z o ffa n y

.

w h i c h h a ng s i n t h e J ud ge s Li bra ry a t t h e H i gh C ourt is o f
’

a l a te r d a t e t h an Kettl e s a n d mus t h a ve been p a i n t ed j us t

’

b e f o re I mpey left I n di a i n D ec ember 1 783 D i s pl a yed

’

b el o w th e p i c t ure is t he o ri gi n a l i n di c tmen t a ga in s t N un
c o ma r i n P e r s i a n a n d E n gl is h an d by i t s s id e t he fa t a l
, ,

J e w el bo n d an d t he o the r ex hi bit s a l s o p res en ted by t he

-
,

C h i ef J us t ic es a n d J ud ges o f t he H i g h C o urt .

O n the ot h er s id e o f t he d oo r lea di n g t o t he R oy a l

g a l le ry o n t h e so u t h i s M r R D M a c k e
.n z i e s la
. rg.e
’

a i n ti n g O f t h e s t a t e en t ry o f L o rd C ur z on a n d t he D uk e o f
p
C o n n a ug h t i nt o D elhi o n t he oc c a s i o n o f t he C o ro n a ti o n
D u r b a r o n D e c e m b e r 3 0t h ,
1 902 .

( )
6 The n ex t pi c t ure is t he ma g n i fi c en t e q ues tri a n po r t
r a it l en t by t he
,
C o rpo r a t io n o f Ca l c ut t a , O f G ER AR D
V I S C O U N T L AKE Ba r o n o f D elhi a n d La s w a rree ( 1 744
,
-
1 808)
C o m ma n de r i n Ch ief in I n di a fro m 1 800 to 1 807
- -
.

Th i s pi c t ure O f Lo rd L a k e w hi c h fo r me rly h ung in t h e

Tow n H a ll is a mo ng t h e fi n es t w o rk s o f a rt in C a lc ut t a
,
 CA L C U TTA O L D A N D S E IV .

b ut t he li ma t e h a d w o rke d s uc h h a v oc w i t h i t t h a t w hen t
c I

w a s res to r ed i n 1 901 by t h e s kil ful h a n d s O f M r A le x and .

r
.

Sc o tt ,t he mo s t e x tr a o rdi n a ry t r a n s fo r m a t i o n w a s th e

’
r es ul t L o rd L a k e s h o r s e w hi c h a pp ea red O f a d ull and
.

di r t y br o w n c o l o ur w a s di s c o ve red t o be a h a n d so m e w hit:
c h a rg e r : a s ec o n d h o r s e ma n o n a bl a c k w a s r e v ea led 2
:

t he ri gh t h a n d c o r ne r o f t h e pi c t ure
-
i mmed i a tel y behind
,

t he C o m ma n d er i n Chi e f a n d ev id e n t ly repr es e n t i ng IE
- - :

n e ph ew a n d f a v o uri t e a id e de c a m p : a n d a n
- -
a n i ma t e .

ba c kg r o un d w a s a l s o di s c l o s ed d epi c t i n g a m i l i t a ry re
,

v i ew a n d p a i n t ed w i t h t h e ut mo s t d et a il .

The mili t a ry L a ke c o mmen c ed in th e y ea r 1 1

c a ree r O f

u he n he w a s a t t he a ge o f fo ur t ee n a p po i n t ed a n e n s ign i .

t he fi r s t reg i me n t o f Fc o t g ua rd s no w
-
k n o w n a s th
,

G r en a di er G ua rd s He s er ve d w i t h t h e s ec o n d ba t t a lion a
'

t he c a mp a i g n s i n G er ma n y i n 1 760 6 2 a n d a s a l ie ut en ar
-
,

c o l o el w e t o ut
n n w i h d ra f t s t o me ri c a n
t A i 1 7 8 1 w het »
,

h e m a d e t h e c a mp a ig n i n N o rt h C a r o li n a un d e r Lord
C o rn w a lli s a n d t o o k p a r t i n t he s o r t i e un de r C ob nr
'

R o be rt Abe rc ro mby fr o m t he B ri t i s h li n es a t Y o r k Tow

U po n t he s urr en d e r o f C o r n w a ll i s fi v e d a y s l a t er I}
,
:

r ema i n ed a pri s o ne r o n p a ro le un t i l t he en d O f t h e w a s

O n t he fo r ma t i o n o f a s e p a r a t e h o us eh o ld fo r t h e P ri n c e e:
Vt a les t he f ut ure R egen t he w a s a ppo i n ted h i s eq uerr} :
’
, ,

a n d w a s a c c o rdi n g t o W r a x a ll a pl ea s i ng e x c e p tio n
'

t o t he P ri n c e s li s t o f un d es ir a bl e c o mp a n i o n s Fro m 1 7
’
. .

t o 1 802 h e s a t in P a rli a m en t a s me m be r fo r Ay l es bur}

b ut i n 1 7 93 he c o mma n d ed a b ri g a de in t he Lo w C o un trie
'

a nd w a s pres e n t a t t he s i ege o f V a l en c i en n es a n d tb ,
n

a t o n a t Li n c ell es w hi c h i s i n s c ri bed o
c i n t he c o l o ur s o f the
81 8 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

t ar i n ed ba t t a li o n s s to r med the s t ron g fo r tres s of Allygbi

,
.

t o o k Ag r a a f t e r a n ei g h t d a y s s i e e c a t ured 426 piece

’

g p ,

o f c ann o n a n d w i t h t he h elp o f A r t h ur W el l es ley defe at

, ,

t he en emy i n t he fi v e pi t c h ed ba t tl es O f All
yg nh u w
La s w a rree As s a y e a n d A r a um t he s eco n d bei n ow
,
g , g
t he mo s t d ec i s i ve e ver fo u h t in I n d i a H ter ed tl r
g e en .

I mpe ri a l Ci t y a s a c o n q uero r a n d w a s recei ved by thebizr ‘

S h a h A l um o n c e t he O ppo n en t O f Cli v e but fo r long yw

, ,

t he p upp et o f t h e M a hr a t t a s w h o , s e a t ed in rags u ndr

a t a t t ered c a n o py t he s o l e r e mn an t o f h is fo r mer statert

’

s urro un d ed by e ve ry ex t e r n a l t o k en o f mi se ry
”
confir m ,

upo n h i m t he t i t l es o f S a v i o ur o f t he S t a t e a n d l nn ncbt
’

in W a r L a ke s brilli a n t s e ri es O f s uc c es s es w ere follow:

’
.

up by t he t o t a l d efea t o f Ho lka r n ea r Furruc kabad :

N o v e mbe r 1 804 a n d t he c a p t ure o f t h e fo rt res s of De;
, ,

o n Ch ri s t m a s da y B h urt po re a lo n e re s i s ted his a rmyb:

.

t he R a j a h o ffe red t er ms o f pea c e w hi c h w ere accepted

C o rn w a lli s a rri v a l in I n di a in 1 805 w a s t he s ignal If

’

L a k e s s upers es s i o n a s Co m ma n d e r im C hief but i

’
-

G o v e r n o r G en er al di ed a l mo s t a t o n ce a t Ghazipo re and:
-

w a s L a k e w ho ma d e pea c e a t U mri t s a r i n D ecember 18 ?

,
1

a n d h e w a s i n F ebr ua ry 1 806 fo r ma lly re a p poi nted to th -

S upreme C o mm a n d His o rk i n I di a ho
w . n w ev er w e
, ,

}
d o n e a n d he emba rked fo r E ng l a n d fro m Cal c utta in F
,
6

rua ry 1 807
,
rec ei v i n g s uc h a n O v a t i o n fro m Bumper
,
:

a n d n a t i v es a s h a d n e v e r b e e n a c c o rd ed to a y p n u bfi f

s er v a n t befo r e He . h a d a lrea dy i n Septemb e r 1 81 4

been r a i s ed t o t he p r g e e a e a s L rd L a ke Baron
o o f D el ?
,

a n d L a s w a eer a n d o f A s t o n Cli n t o n a n d o,n h is a rri val

l
E ng a n d w as a d v a n c ed t o a V i s c o u n t y H e di d n o
.t fort

s urv i v e h i s r et ur n a n d di ed o f a c hill a t h is tow n res i d en ? r t

 THE V I C TO R IA M E M O R I A L HA LL LL E C TI O N
CO .
81 9

inLo w er B ro o k S treet o n F ebr ua ry 2ot h 1 808 He lies , .

b uri ed a t As t o n Cli n t o n i n B uc ki n g h a ms hi re L a ke .

”
w a s n ev er s o g r ea t a s o n t he ba t t l e fi eld w ri t es C o l o n el-
-
,

N I a lles o n i n h is D ec i s i v e B a t tle s o f I n di a
.
“
he c o uld ,

t h i n k mo re c l ea rly a mi d s t t he r a i n o f bull et s th a n i n t he

c a l m o f his o w n t en t I n t hi s r es p ec t he re s embled Cli ve

.
.

I t w a s t hi s q ua l i t y w hi c h en a bl ed h im t o d are a l mo s t t he
i m p o s s i bl e Tha t w hi c h i n o t h er s w o uld h a v e been r a s h
.

w a s i n L a k e pr ud en t d a ri n
g .

\V e mus t r o s s t he ro o m pa s s i ng o n o ur w a y a
‘

now c ,

s e ri es o f c a ses c o n t a i n i n g c o i n s me d a l s s ea l s hi s t o ri c
, , ,

t r ea ti es ( l en t by t he N a w a b B a h a d ur o f M o o rs heda ba d t h e ,

l i n e a l d es c en d a n t o f M ee r J a ffe r) a n d a c o mpl et e s et o f t he
a ut o g r a ph s o f t he Go ve r n o r G en er a l o f I n di a a n d t h e mem
.
-

b e r s O f t he S upreme E x ec ut i ve C o un c il fro m W a rren

‘
'

H a s ti ngs t o L o rd A mp t hill w h o o ffi c i a ted fo r Lo rd C urz o n

d uri n g t he s umme r o f 1 904 In t he c o r n er O ppos it e L o rd
.

L a k e s pi c t ure h a ve been pl a c ed a c l us ter o f p o rtr a i t s

'
.

B eg i n n i n g fro m t he w i n d o w t h ey a re B a boo K E S HU R

C H U N D E R S E N ( 1 838 1 884) fo un d e r o f t he B r a h mo S o ma j
,
-

a n o il p a-i n t i n g pr es e n t ed by h i s s o n i n l a w H i s Hi g
-
h n-
es s ,

t h e M a h a r a j a h O f C oo c h B eh a r J O HN C L A R K MA R S HMAN
.
,

o f S e r a mp o r e ( 1 7 9 4 fo un d e r o f t he F rien d

I n di a 1 8 21 a ut h o r o f t h e H i s t o ry of I n di a a nd
o
f ,

H i s to ry o f Ben ga l He w a s t he fa t h er in Ia w o f S i r
.
- -

He n ry H a v el oc k a n d s o n o f J o s h ua M a rs h ma n t he c o m ,

p a n i o n o f C a rey a n d \V a rd Th i s pi c t ur e is pres en t ed.

b y h is s o n M r R egi n a ld S M a rs h ma n
, . . M a j o r Gen er a l . -

S I R J O HN MA L C O L M G C B , ( 1
. 7 6
. 9 G ov er n o r O f
.

B o mba y fro m 1 827 t o 1 830 He a r ri v ed in M a dr a s a s

.
 820 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

a cad et a t t he a g e o f 1 5 He w a s o f s uc h d i mi nutive
.

a pp ea r a n c e t h a t o n e o f t he D i rec t o r s a t t h e I n di a Hons

a s k ed h i m h a lf i n je S e W h a t w oul d yo u do i f yo u w ere to
,

”
meet Hyd er A li ? DO he repli ed ,
w hy s i r I w ou , ld , ,

o ut w i t h my s w o rd a n d c ut O ff h is h ea d Th i s s h ow of .

pl uc k w a s d eemed s uffic i en t a n d he w as p a s s ed in s p ite of

,

h i s y o ut h He w a s o n e o f s i x t een c hildr en a n d i t is a te
.
,

ma rk a bl e oc c urren c e t h a t he a n d t w o o f h is bro t h e r s both ,

a d mi r a l s P ul t ene y a n d Ch a rl es w e re ho n o ur ed o n o n e and
, ,

t he s a me oc c a s i o n w i t h t h e di g n i t y o f C o mma n d e r o f the
M al c o l m s t en ure o f t he G o v e r n o r s hip o f B ombat
’
Ba t h .

is memo r a bl e by r ea s o n o f h is hi s t o ri c c o n fli c t w i th tE
B o mba y S upr eme C o ur t ; w hi c h fi na lly fo un d i t s e l f reducefl
t o o n e p ui s n e j ud g e i n t h e p er s o n o f S ir J o h n Pe t e r G rant .

a n d w a s ev en t ua lly c o mp ell ed t o yi eld .

Abo v e M a lc o l m h a n gs
py pres en ted by s ub s c rip t i on
a co , ,

S i r Geo rge R eid s po rt r a i t o f S I R HE N R Y B A RTLL

’
of

E D W A R D F R E R E B a r t ( 1 875 3 o f t he B o m b a y Cl t fl ‘ ’

.
,

S e r v i c e s uc c es s i v ely C o m mi s s i o n e r in S i n d M e m ber us
, ,

t h e S upr eme C o un c il Go v er n o r o f B o mb a y ( fr o m 1 863

,

to M e mber o f t he C o un c il o f I n di a a n d H i g h Com ,

m i s s i o n e r in S o ut h A fri c a Hi s s t a t ue s t a n d s o n ( h
. r

Th a mes E mba n k me n t i n L o n d o n .

Adj o i n i n g t hep o r t ra i t s o f t h es e Bo mba y c el eb ri ti es ha s

been a ppr o p ri a t ely pl a c ed a p a i n t i ng o f S I V AJ E E ( 1 627 .

1 680) t he g re a t M a h r a t t a C hi ef t a i n S i v a j ee s s o n Sh em
.
’
,

bh uj ee w a s c a p t ured bli n d ed a n d ex ec ut ed by Aura ng

, ,

z ebe : a n d h is g r a n d s o n S h a h u w a s b ro u h t u b
g
:
p y o n e o

t he d a ug h t er s o f t h a t E mp e ro r a n d pr o ved a v ery un w or

t h y s uc c es s o r He a ba n d o n ed a ll p o w er t o h is mi n i s ter
.
.
822 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

pl a c ed M eer J a ffer o n t hi s t hro n e a ft er t he ba t t l e O f P la ssev

i n 1 7 57 a n d s a l ut ed h im a s N a w a b N a z i m a n d S uba d a r of
B en g a l B eh a r a n d O ri s s a : a n d hi ms el f t o o k h is s e a t upon
,

i t s id e by s id e w i t h N a w a b N a z i m S uj j um ud d o w la h w hen
,
- -

t he C o mp a n y t o o k o v e r t h e D ew a n s o f B en g a l B e h a r and ,

O ri s s a . D ro p s o f reddi s h liq uid a re s a id t o i s s ue from

c e r t a i n p a rt s o f t he s t o n e w hi c h w h e n dri ed l ea v e s s ta in s
,
.

Thi s is d ue no d o ubt t o t h e pres en c e o f i r o n but t h e po p ular ,

t r a diti o n r eg a rd s t h em a s t ea rs o f s o rr o w o ve r t h e d o w n fall

o f t h e N i z a ma t a n d t r a n s f e r o f t h e s o v e re i g n t y O f Bengal

t o t h e v i c t o r s o f Pl a s s ey I t ha s been a bs urd l y s a id by
.

a r ec ent B en g a lee hi s t o ri a n o f Mo o rs h eda ba d t ha t t h e s tone

”
w ill s h ed n o mo r e t ea r s s i n c e L o rd C urzo n s a t upon
i t i n 1 902 .The t h ro n e h a s been pr es en t ed t o t h e V i c toria
M emo ri a l H a ll c o ll ec t i o n by His H i g h n es s t h e N a w ab
B a h a d ur o f M o o rs h eda ba d A me e r ul O mr a h C C I E
,
- -
, . . .

t h e li n ea l d es c en d a n t o f M ee r J a ffe r .

To ri gh t a n d l ef t o f t he M us n a d a re t w o bra s s c a n n ons .

The n s ci rip i
t on u p o n th e o n e t o t h e ri g h t w hi
,
c h i s t h e g i f t

O f t he N a w a b B a h d
a u r o f M oo rs h e d a b a d r e c o rd s t h a t i t

w a s c a s t by K i s o rd a K
s a r m a k a r ,a b l a c k s m i t h I t b e
.
l o n g e d

to Ma a a ah r j h Ki sse n C ha n d R o y o f N u d d e a w h o, p l a y e d a n

i mp o rt a n t p a r t i n t h e rev o l ut i o n hic h w e n d d
e i n t h e b a t t le

of Pl as se y The o t e
. h r i s a n O l d M u h a m a d a n g u n ca p t u re d
fro m Aurun z eb s gen er a l M ee r J uml a by
’
t h e A s s a m e se i n

1 6 62 . F o m Ass a m t
r i w a s c a rri e d a w a y t o B u r m a an d ,

k
w a s t a en by t h e E g n li s h i n 1 8 2 4 d u ri n
g t h e fi r s t B u r m es e

W a r a n d a c e in t he
pl d o ld F o rt a t C u t t a c k O .n t h e c o m
le t io o f t h e l ig h t h o us e a t F a l s e P o i n t n i 1 8 3 8 i t s ee m s
p n ,

t o h a v e been re mo ved t h e re a n d b uri ed i n h

t e gr o u n d ne a r
 THE V IC TO R I A M E M O R I A L HA LL C O LL E C TIO N

th e li g h t h o us e t o h o ld t he fl a g s t a ff It w a s s ubs eq uen t ly
.

) r o ug h t t o C a l c ut t a by C a p t a i n E W P et ley t he P o r t
. .
,

O ffi ce r a n d pres en t ed by h i m t o t h e As i a t i c S oc i et y
,
The .

n s c ri t io n upo n it s t a t es t h a t t h i s w ea p o n w a s o bt a i n ed
.
p
D y M a h a r a j a h Sv a rga dev J a y a dh a v a j a S i n h a h a v i n g v a n ,

q u i s h ed t h e M u s a l m a n s a t G a u h a t i i n t h e S a ka y ea r

1 5 84 .

C r o s s i ng ove r h e r s id e o f t he n o r th e r n d oo r o f
t o t he ot

t h e r oo m w e fi n d t he fo ll o w i n g po r t r a it s O n t he o t h er s id e
.

o f d o o r wa y is t h e fa mo us pic t ur e o f W A R R E N H A S TIN G S
b y A W D evi s w hic h fo rmerly h un g i n t he C o un c il
. .
,

C h a mbe r a t Go v er n men t H o us e a n d bo re t h e l eg en d ma n s
a c q ua i n a rdui s t o w hi c h M a c a ul a y m a k e s r e fe re n c e i n t he
,

f a m o us p a s s a g e i n h is es s a y s Th e pi c t ure w a s s en t
.

h o m e t o be c l ea n ed d ur ng t he V i c e ro y a l t y o f Lo rd
i

D uff eri n w h en i t w a s d ep o s i t ed un d er o rd ers o f the S ec re

,

t a ry o f S t a t e i n t he N a t i o na l P o r t ra it G a ll ery i n Lo n d o n

a nd a c o py ret urn ed t o C a l c ut t a w hi c h is n o w t o be
s e en i n t h e C o un c il Ch a mber a n d t o w hi c h t he hi s t o ri c

l eg e n d ha s been a fii x ed The o rig i n a l fi n d s i t s elf o n ce

.

m o r e i n C a l c ut t a ow i n g t o t he c o urt es y o f t he Tr us t ees O f
,

t h e N a ti o n a l P o rt ra i t G a ll e ry .

In t he rly s t a ges O f i t s c a reer t hi s p o r t ra i t by D ev i s

ea ,

w a s h a n d ed o n fro m o n e t o a n o t h er o f H as ti n gs
’
fri en d s
l i k e a c h a rm t h o ug h o pi n i o n v a ri ed as t o it s me ri t s a s a
,

s a y s W illi a m La rki n s
”
pi c t ure . A ft er a ll , t h e na me ,

f a t h er o f La rki n s L a n e fo r w h o m it w a s p a i n ted
’
I ca n ,

a s s ure y o u ev ery o th er p a rt but t h e fa ce i s a me re d a ub .

Y et s uc h a s it is w ith t he R i n g n o w o n my li t tl e F i n ge r i t
,
824 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

s h a ll go w t i h t h e E s t a t e t o be p urc h a s ed a s a l a s t i ng Mons
men t o f y o ur ki n d n es s t o me t o my B oy y o ur N a mesai , ,
:

a n d Go d s o n ,
w h o reg ul a rly s a l a a m s t o i t e v ery Morning

a f t e r h e is dr es s ed , fo r w e bo t h s l eep i n t h e s a me Roar
w i t h y o ur R es embl a n c e .A s fo r mys elf y o u a re a t Ir :

R i g h t H a n d up w a rd s o f 1 0 o ut o f ea c h 24 H o ur s a s the: ,

”
is n o w t h e P o r t i o n o f my li fe d ev o t ed to t h e D es k Tr » .

d ea rly bel o ved s o n w h o w a s v e ry pro ud o f c al li ng him

,

” “
s elf H a s t i n g s B eh a ud ur a nd
, o ft en po i n t s up t o y a:
”
pi c t ure s a yi n g J eet ee R o d i ed in 1 788
, \ Ia t rimonza . .

t r o ubl es h a d d es t ro y ed i n p o o r L a rki n s t h e h o e o f fou ne

p
in g a fa m ily a n d w h en he q ui t t ed I n di a in 1 7 93 he lr
, ,
'

t he p o r t r a i t w i t h Ch a p ma n Ch a p ma n l ea v i n g C a lcutt
.
,
.

i n 1 7 94 fo r t he s a l t a g en c y o f C o n t i e n t rus ts t o Turatt ,

t h a t e x c ell en t p o r t r a i t d o n e by D ev i s w hi c h m a n y o f me

F ri en d s a g ree i n t hi n ki ng by fa r t he bes t t h e y h a ve seen

It is a t pre s en t i n t h e H a nd s o f H ud s o n a M ez zotint ,
'

Sc r a p er w ho a s fa r a s h e h a d a d v a n c ed i n t h e Work
,

pro mi s es t o ma k e fro m it a mo s t ex c ellen t e n g ra vi ng .

’

Tur n er h un g i t i n t h e uppe r ha ll o f t he Al ipo re h o use be ,

res t o red it t o Ch a p ma n w h en he w a s l ea v i n g I n di a A: .

H a y s s ugges t i o n Ch a p ma n o ff er ed it t o t he I n di a n GO?
’

ern me n t a n d w ri t es i n 1 7 96
“
, The Pi c t ur e w hi c h I go t frat
,

L a rki ns n o w fr o n t s t h a t o f t he M a rq ui s ( C o rn w a lli s ) in tb
,
r

Go ve r n men t H o us e S i r J o h n D O y ly ma y i n t end to
’
.

refer t o i t w he n he w ri tes in 1 805 I s a w y o ur pic ture (

,
a
:

a bo mi n a bl e o n e it is t r ue by Z O p h a n ee) i n a c o n s picu ou s

”
pl a c e t he C u c il Ch mbe r but i f thi s s h p
i n o n a ,
i s o i s o s itio r
,

a s a n i n t i ma t e o f H a s ti n g s d ec l a r es h im g ui lty o f a v e rv

g r o s s m i s d e s c rip t i o n w,h en h e a s c ri b e s t h e a ut h o r sh ip to

Z ofi a ny .
'
 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

I n t he no rth -
ea s t c o ne r
r is t h e w ell k n o w n po rtra i t by -
,

Tilly K et t l e o f W AR R E N H A S T IN G S f ro m t he c o ll ec t i on o
, ,
f

t he As i a ti c So c i et y o f B en g a l He is repre s en t e d s it ti ng s: .

ea s e i n a c h ai r w i t h fa c e t ur n ed a li t t l e t o t h e l e ft o f the
,

S p ec t a t o r .The d res s is o f t h e s i mpl es t ki n d a fawn

c o l o ur ed c o a t w a i s t c oa t ,a n d b reec h es a w h i t e c ra vat
, ,
.

w hi t e s t o c ki n g s a n d bl a c k s h o es w i t h pl a i n g o l d b uc kles
,

I n t h e di s t a n c e t o t he ri g h t o f t he s pec t a t o r i s s ee n a land
s c a e w i t h a ri ve r fl o w i n b t w n hi h w oo d e d ba n ks
p g e e e g .

B el o w t he pi c t ure
h o w n a ppr o pri a t ely e n o ugh the
is s , ,

p et i t i o n fi l ed by W a rre n H a s t i n g s o f C o s s i m b a z a r gen ,

t lema n in t h e o ld M a y o r s C o urt o n t h e 9t h J un e 1 758

'
.
,

res pec t i ng t h e a d mi n i s t r a t i o n o f t he es t a t e o f C a p t a in Jolm

B uc h a n a n o n e o f t h e v i c t i ms o f t h e B l a c k H o l e t ra gedy
,
.

w ho s e w id o w he ha d ma rri ed mo s t pro ba b ly d uri ng the ,

di s ma l d a y s a t F ul t a Th e p et i t i o n is a c c o m pa n i e d by two
.

o t h er doc umen t s : t h e ea rli e r i s an i n ven t o ry w i t h an

a c c o un t o f t h e pr o c e ed s o f t he pr o p er t y d o w n t o M a rch

30t h 1 7 56 a n d i s s i g n ed by J 2 H o l w ell a s
, ,
a t t o rnev
. .
,

”
o f Mr H a s t i ng s
. The s ec o n d i s a s i mil a r a n d fi n a l ac
.

c o un t b r o ug h t d o w n t o J a n ua ry 3 l s t
,
1 7 6 3 a n d i s s i gned , ,

by H a s t i n g s hi ms elf It h a d hi t h e r t o bee n s up po s ed that

.

t he fi r s t M rs H a s t i n g s w a s t he w id o w o f C a p t a i n D ugald
.

C a mp be ll a n o ffic e r w ho w a s a c c ide n t a lly s h o t a t t h e a p

,

t ure o f B ud ge B ud ge d uri n g the O p era ti o n s prec e di ng the

-

e n t ry i n t o C a l c ut t a o f t h e a v en g i n g a r my o f Cli v e and

W a t s o n o n t he 2n d o f J a n ua ry 1 7 57 Th e s t a t ement ,
.

r p d
i s e ea t e by a ll H a s t i n g s s b i og r a ph e r s fr o m G
’
le ig to
,

S i r Alfred Ly a ll a n d t e h w ri t r
e i n t h e D i i
c t on a ry o f

i
N a t o n a l B og ai r phy a d
n i t is t o A r
,
c hd e a c o n H v d e tha t
 T HE V IC TO R I A M E M O R I A L HA LL C O LL E C TIO N . 827

0 c r edi t i s due o f es t a b li s hi ng
r o f a p a pe r
,
in t h e co u se

a d b y h im in 1 899 be fo re t h e A s i a t i c So c i et y t h e c o rr ec t ,

e n ti t y o f t he l a dy In t he O ld R es id en c y bury in g g ro un d
.
-

C o s s i mba z a r i s a n epi t a ph t o t h e me mo ry o f M rs M a ry .

a s t i n g s a n d he r i n f a n t d a u h t e r E li z a bet h T h e d a t e o f
g .

e f o r me r s d ece a s e s a y s A r c hd ea c o n Hyd e i n h is p a p e r
’

, ,

g i v e n a s J u ly l l t h 1 7 59 b u t h e r, a g e w a,
s e i t h e r n o t a c

ra t e l y k n o w n t o H a s ti n s w h o a c c o rdi n g t o t h e e pit a ph
g , , ,

e c t c d t he mo n umen t o r el s e w a s h a lf o bli t e ra t ed fro m

,

c s t o n e w h en t h e B e n g a l G o v e r n men t r es t o red t h e w h o l e

t h e y e a r 1 863 fo r it re a d s me r ely ,
i n t h e 2 y ea r o f he r

go . H a s ti ng s w a s a t t h e t i me i n t h e n i n t h y ea r o f h i s

rv ic e ma ki ng ba rg a i n s fo r s t ufl s w i t h n a t i v e b ro k er s
’
( 4

a m e mbe r o f t h e E n g li s h fa c t o ry a t C o s s i mba z a r Hi s .

ife s ee ms t o h a v e di ed w h en he w a s a w a y fro m her ,

r i n o n e o f h is l etters O f t he peri o d he s p ea k s o f t h a t
.

tm n ed t rip t o R a j ema ll ( w hi c h I s h a ll c ur s e w hil s t

li v e ) .

\V c n ex t co me to a p o rt r a i t of M a j o r G ene r a l
-
the

ura ble S I R A R THU R “ K B 7

'

ono E LL E S LE Y , . .
, ( 1 6 9 1 852)
-

ca t e d V i s c o un t W elli n g t o n of Ta l a ve ra in 1 809 , a nd

uk e of “ elli ng t o n in 1 81 4 Th er e r l rep et i t i o n s
'

. a re s ev e a

h i s i n t eres t i ng p o r t ra i t w hi c h w a s
t ,
p a i n t ed o n t w ill ed
I n v a s by R o be r t H o me i n 1 804 a n d w a s p urc h a s e d by

o v e rn me n t fr o m t h e p a i n t e r fo r R s in 1 805 It . .

i rm c rl h u i t h T hr r m t G r m t H o us e
y n
g n e o n e o o a o v e n en -
.

n o o f t h es e r e p lica s ma y be s ee n in a c o rrid o r o f B uc ki n g

am P a l a c e It w a s eng r a v ed in mez z o t i n t o n a l a rge

.

:a le by Ch a rl es Tur n er in 1 806 The D uke is repres en t ed .

un i fo r m s t a n di n g ba reh ea d ed a n d w ea ri n g t he S t a r o f
828 C A L C I TTA O L D AN D N E w
'
.

t he Ba t h . Behi n d h i m t o t he le f t is a t en t : a n d to I‘

ri g h t a re mo un t a i n s a c ro s s a di s t a n t pl a i n T e n t s flwil z .

t h e U n i o n J a c k oc c upy t h e middl e di s t a n c e a n d n ea re ,

fro n t a re s o ldi er s ex e rc i s i ng a t a l a rge g un .

N ex t t he ma i n -
en t ra nc e a re t hree pi c t ure s .

The fi r s t i s an o il -
p a i n t i ng of S IR JAM E S F rrz J w a

S TE P H E N , ( 1 829 La w M emb e r o f C o nn
fro m 1 869 t o 1 87 2, J udge o f Her M a j es t y s Hg
’ ’

an d a

C o ur t o f J udi c a tur e i n E n gl a n d fro m 1 87 9 t o 1 89 1 l .

t he g if t o f h is s o n t he Ho n M r J us t i c e H L S t e ph en
, . . . .
v

t h e C a l c ut ta Hi g h C o ur t In a l i n e w i t h it i s a n o i l p a ints:
.
-

o f S I R D A V I D O C HT E R L O N Y B a r t ( 1 758 ,
t h e he ro .

t he N ep a l “ a r w h o s e me mo ry i s pr es e r ve d i n C a l c utta
’ “

t he O c ht erlo n y M o n um en t Th e pi c t ure i s p r e s e n ted

.

h is n eph ew S i r D a v id Ferg us o n O c h t erlo n y t h e p res et ? ,

B a r o n et . A bo v e t h em bo t h h a n g s a po r t r a i t o f S I R SY}:
A HM E D K HA N ,
Kh a n B a h a d ur ( 1 8 1 7 1 89 ,
-
3

fo un d er i n 1 875 o f t h e w e ll k n o w n A n gl o O ri en t a l - -

a t A li g a rh fo r t h e ed uc a t i o n o f M o h a m ed a n s o f t h e u p
'

p
c la ss.

The Tr us t ees h a v e s e v e r a l o t h er p a i n t i n g s i n o t h er o f

l ec t i o n o f hi s t o ri c a l po r t ra i t s but fo r t he pres e n t t h ey ca:

,

n o t be h ung fo r w a n t o f r oo m Th es e i n c l ude a p o rt rai t l -

‘

.
t

K o o n w a r R a n a j t M a h a r a j a h S I R J U N G B A HA D U R G C S 1 ,
. . .

( 1 8 1 6 Pri m e M i n i s t e r o f N ep a l fro m 1 846 t o 1 8“

a n o il p a i n t i ng fr o m t he Go v er n me n t H o us e c o llec t i o n
- I .
'

w a s ex h i bi t ed i n t h e R o y a l Ac a d emy o f 1 868 A po rtrait .

8
by R o be r t H o me o f J A M E S C U N N I N G HA M G R AN T D U F F ( 1 78
R e s id e n t a t S a t a ra f ro m 1 81 8 t o 1 822 a n d a uth t ,
t
 830 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

’
by t he G o ve rn o r Gen e r a l s d epo s i t i o n o f ‘V a z i r Ali if!
-
,

murd erer o f R es id en t Ch err y a t Ben a r es i n 1 7 9 8 Of Glu e;

’

ud d in
-
Hyd er L o rd H a s t i n gs w ri t es in 1 81 4 : His en:
,

t en a n c e i s m ild a n d go o d t ho ugh n o t be t o k e n i ng energ

,
t

The fa s hi o n in w hi c h he w ea rs h is bea rd v ery g rey than , ,

“

he i s s c a rc ely fo r t y is S i n g ul a r ,
It i s j us t i n t h e s t a te ti:
.

t he bea rd o f o n e o f us in t he h a b i t o f S h a v i n g a n ; ,

hi b it i f u t u h d f w k A d thi i t h w
‘ “
- o r a e e n s s e c a se
ex n o c e .
,

h is upp e r lip a s w ell a s w ith t he r es t

,
H ebe r w ho visi
.
,

L uc k n o w in O c t o be r 1 824 rec o rd s i n his di a ry

, ,
I sat i f

my o t a t t o
p r r i M r H o. m e f o u r t i m es H e h. a s m a d e s e ve r .

o rtr a it s o f t he Ki ng r d
e o l e n t o f y o u th a n d r a d i a n t t r
p
.

di a mo n d s . He i s a g oo d arti s t i n d eed fo r t h e King

"
.
Ou dh h
t o a v e go t h o ld o f H e. i s a q u i et g e n t l e m a n ] ? a

ma n b o t e o fr h r t h e c e l e b r a t e d s u r g e o n i n L o n d on 3: ,
,

c a me o ut t o pr i
a c t se a s a p o rtr a i t p a i n t e r i n M a d r a s d u n r .

”
'

L o rd C o r n w a lli s fi rs t a d mi n i s tra ti o n
’
H o me h ad
.

L uc k n ow i n 1 797 o n t he d ea th o f As a f ud do w l a h but - -
,

:t ur n ed i n 1 808 o n t h e i n v i t a ti o n o f S a a d a t Ali w ho enga gt

"

h mi l ry f R y r w i t h m i i
“

s a ea :
o n a s a a o .
p e r ss o n

em pl o y hi s l e i s ur e i n pri v a t e pr a c ti c e H e r e t u
. r n e d :

C a l c u t t a i n 1 7 9 7 a n d di e d t h e r e a b o u t 1 8 34 W e m a
. y ne e

c r o s s t h e r oo m o nc e m o r e a n d m a k e o u r w a y i n t o I
‘

R o y a l G a ll ery w hi c h li es t o t he s o ut h
,
.

R a n ged l t h e ea s t e n w a r ll of t hi s roo m a re a seriv

a on
g
o f o il p a i n t i ng s Th o s e n umbered 1 2 3 a n d 5 i n
-
.
, , the li ~
'

b el ow a re t h e p ers o n a l g i ft o f His M a j es t y Ki n g E d n a "

.

t h e S ev en t h a n d d epi c t s o me o f t he c hi ef s ce n es i n tf
,
r

l i fe o f t he l a te Q ueen E mpres s Pi c t ure N o 4 h as her:

-
. .

t r a n s ferred fro m t he n o rth er n ba ll r oo m a t Go v ern ment -

 T HE v IC TO R IA M E M O R IA L HA LL C O LL EC TI O N . 831

H o use , pic t ure N O

a nd . 6 w as p urc h a s ed by th e Tr us t ees
t o c o mpl et e t h e s eri es

( )
1 He r M a j es ty Q uee n V i c t o ri a rec ei v i ng t he S a c ra
m en t a t Her C o r o n a ti o n in W es t mi n s t e r Abbey 1 0t h J un e , ,

1 837 .
( A f t e r C H L es li e
. .
,
R A . .
)
( )
2 Ma rri a g e o f Her Ma j es t y Q ueen V i c t o ri a a n d Pri n c e
A l bert , i n t h e Ch a p el R o y a l S t J a mes 1 0th Feb r ua ry
’
.
, , ,

1 841 .
( A f t e r S i r Geo r e H a y t e r
g ) .

Chri s t en i ng O f His R o y al Hi g h n es s t h e Pri n c e o f

( )
3
V V al es ( t h e pres en t Ki n g E d w a rd V I I ) i n S t Geo rge s . .
’

C h a pe l “ i n ds o r C a s t l e 28t h J a n ua ry 1 842 ( Af r
'

,
t
, e S i r , .

G eo rge H a y t e r ) .

( )
4 P r r i o t a t of Her M a j es ty t he Q ueen E mp res s V i c t o ri a , -

i n full r o y a l r o bes c ro w n ed ,
a nd s ea t e d on t he t h ro ne ,

p a i n t'
e d b v S i r G eo rg e H a y t e r i n 1 862 .

( )
5 M a rri a g e o f Th eir R o y a l H i gh n es s es th e Pri n c e a n d
Pri n c es s o f “ a l es i n S t G eo rge s C ha pel W i n d s o r ’ '

.
, ,

C a s t l e l 0t h M a rc h 1 863
, ( A f te r \V , P F ri t h R A .
) . .
, . .

( )
6 F i r s t J ubil ee Ser v i c e o f Her Ma j es ty Q ueen V i c t o ri a ,

in W e s t mi n s t e r Abbey 2l s t J un e 1 887 ( By J o h n
’
, , .

O C o n n o r)
’
.

7
( ) S e c o n d J ubil ee Se r v i c e of He r M a j es t y Q ueen
i c t o ri a a t S t P a ul s C a t h edr a l 22n d J un e 1 897 ( A f r
’
V .
, ,
. t e

J o h n Ch a rl t o n ) .

Thes e pi c t ures w ill ul t i ma t ely be pl a c ed i n t he v es ti bul e

o f t he C e n t r a l H a ll o f t h e M e mo ri a l H a ll w hi c h w ill be ,

c a l l ed t h e Q ue en s V es ti bul e a n d w ill be s et a p a rt fo r
’
,

m emo ri a l s pe rs o n a l t o h e rs el f .
832 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

At t he en d o f r oo m a n d in th e c en t re i s a s m a ll paint
t he .

i n g by S yd n ey P H a l l repr es en t i ng t h e I n v es t i t ure of His

.

H i g h n es s th e M a ha r a j a h O f J o dhpo re w i t h t he G C S I by . . . .
,

His M a j es ty Ki ng E d w a rd t he Sev en t h ( w h e n P rin c e of

W a l es ) a t a D urba r h eld o n t he M a id a n a t C a l c utt a on
J a n ua ry l s t 1 87 6 It h a s been t ra n s ferred h e r e f ro m th
, .

s o ut h e a s t w i n g o n t h e fi r s t fl oo r o f G o ve r n m e n t H ouse
-

The pri n c ip a l fi g ures in t he pic t ure a re L o rd N o rt hbrook .

S ir D i g h t o n P robyn L o rd Cro me r ( t h en M a j o r B a r i ng ) tbt

, ,

M a ha r a j a hs o f K a s h m i r J eyp o re R ew a h a n d T ra v a nc ore
, , ,

t he M a h a r a j a h s S c i n di a o f G w a l i o r a n d Ho l ka r o f I n dor
e

S ir S a l a r J ung Lo rd N a pi er o f M a g d a l a S ir B a rt l e Frcrt
‘

, , .

S i r Ch a rl es Ai t c hi s o n a n d S i r J o s ep h F a y rer
,
.

U po n i h er
e t id e h a n g f ull l en g t h po rt ra i t s o f King
s .

E d w a rd t h e S ev en t h a n d Q ueen Al ex a n dra p a i n t ed i n 1 863 ,

by Ch ev a li er T J en s e n . Th es e a re t he g if t o f M a h a rajah
.

S urj y a K a n t Ac h a rjy a o f M y me n s i n gh Pl a c ed below .

t h em a re bro n z e bus t s o f t h e Ki n g a n d Q uee n .

B el o w M r S yd n ey
’
. H a ll
pi c t ures a n d fl a n k ed bv the
s ,

br o n z e bus t s o f t he pr es en t Ki n g a n d Q ueen a re t h e w ri tin

g
t a bl e a n d c h a i r w hi c h w e re i n c o n s t a n t us e a t W i n dsm
,

C a s t l e by Q ueen V i c t o ri a fo r h er d a ily c o rres po n d ence .

Fo r ma n y y ea r s t he w ri t i n g t a bl e c o n t a i n ed h e r r i v a te
p
l et t ers a n d p a pers Th es e i n t eres t i ng memo ri al s a re the
.

g if t o f t h e K i n
g E m p e r o r-
.

U n d er n ea t h t he pi c ture o f t he Ki n g a n d Q ueen a re g lass

c a ses c o n t a i n i ng hi s t o ri c l et t er s b H d s o n o f Ho d s on s
'

y o

H o rs e M a l c o l m S ir Tho ma s M un ro H en ry La w renc e
, , , .

E yre C oo t e Pi g o t a n d M a c a rt n ey a n d a mo s t in t eres ti t
,
g
 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W
'
.

M uh a mma d S ul t a n a nd S ult a n A k ba r ; p res e n t ed by Dr .

D en i s o n R o s s .

10 . M uh a mmud Sul t a n , ( 1 7 1 9
11 . A g ro up of M i ni a t ures of M og h ul E mp e ro rs .

12 . F i ve po r t ra i t s of M o g h ul E mpe ro r s .

A rr a n ged in a g lla s s t he w es t e r n w a ll art

c a s e a o ng

l et t ers fro m L a k e a n d o t h er hi s t o rica l pe rs o n a g es : and

,

t w o d oc ume n t s o f e x c epti o n a l i n t er es t p res en t ed by Lorfl

C urz o n t he l a s t l et ter w ri t ten by Q ueen V i c t o ri a to I ndia

d a t ed 1 4t h D ec ember 1 900 a n d c o n v eyi ng t o t h e Via
, ,

R oy h er a ppr ec i a ti o n o f t he s y mp a t hy ex pr e s s ed by the
p eo pl e o f I n d i a a t t he d ea t h in S o ut h A f ri c a o f Print:
Chri s t i a n V i c t o r : a n d the s i g n ed mes s a ge s e n t by Kin:
E d w a rd t he S ev en th t o be rea d by Lo rd C urz o n a s V iccrm
a t t he D elhi C o r o n a t i o n D ur ba r o n J a n ua ry 1 903 , .

Bel o w p o rtra i t o f t he D uk e o f W elli n gt o n a re mon

th e

d oc umen t s bea ri ng t he s i g n a t ures o f H a s t i ng s F rancis ,

.

O c h t e rlo n y a n d J o n a t h a n D un c a n G o v er n o r o f Bo mbav
, ,

fr o m 1 7 95 t o 1 801 .

D o w n t he ce n t e o fr roo m is a rra n ged a n ex t remdv

t he

v a l ua bl e c o ll ec ti o n o f a r ms l en t by t he c hi e f feuda m
pri nc es a n d n o bl es o f t he E mpi re w hi c h w ill w ell rcpt ! ,

a c l os e ex a mi n a ti o n Amo n g t he d o n o rs a re th e N izam
. .

t he M a h a r a j a h o f M y s o re the Beg um o f B h o p al d:
, ,

M a h a r a n i O f U d a ip ur t he M a h a ra j ah s o f P a t i a l a J eypa r
, ,
.

J o d h p o re U
,
l w a r R e
,
w a h B i k a n i r
, t h e M a h
, ar a o R a j a h o f

B un di t h e N a w a bs o f To n k a n d Ba h a w a lpo re t he Maln
, ,

ra o o f K o t a h t he R a j a h s o f J h i n d R ut la m a n d Hill Ttp
'

, ,

p e r a h ,t he M a h a r a w a l o f J y
e s u l m e r e t h e R a j R,
a n a of

J h a l la w a r t
,
h e N a w a b B a h a d u r o f M oo rs h ed a ba d lb f ,
 T HE v nc ro n m M E M O R I A L HA LL C O LL E CT I O N . 835

N a w a b of B a n ga n a p a ll e a nd t he M a h a ra j a h of S o n ba rs a .

U po n t he oc c a s o n o f i t h e P ri n oe of W a l es ’
s v s i it in J an

ua ry , 1 906 , it w a s obs erv ed th a t t h ere w as n o pa rt o f th e

M emo ri a l H a ll c o ll ec ti o n w hi c h a ppea r ed t o a ffo rd h i m
g r ea t e r i n t e res t a n d pl ea s ure t h a n thi s .

W e n ow r et ur n to t he fi r s t roo m a n d c ros s o v er i n t o th e
t h ird roo m w hi c h li es t o i t s n o rt h Al o n g t he w es t ern .

w a ll a re c a s es c o n t a in i n g v a ri o us o bj ec t s o f i n t er es t c hi efly ,

p r es e n t ed b y t he N a w a b B a h a d ur o f M oo rs h i d a ba d .

A mo n g th e m ma y be S p ec i a lly n o t i c ed s o me ma g n i fic i en t ly
i ll umi n a t ed K o ra n s a n d a n embro id er ed K a n a t o r s c r een ,

w hi c h s urro un de d t he c a mp o f t h e i n v a di n g M a hr a t t a s ,

a n d w a s l oo t ed by A li V erdi Kh a n a bo ut t h e y ea r 1 7 46 .

T h e M a h a r a t t a D i t c h w hi c h o n c e en c i rc le d C a l c ut t a re
m a i n ed fo r ha l f a c en t ury t o k eep i n re memb ra n c e t he i n
v a s io n s o f B en g a l by t h e M a h r a tt a h o rd es .

The fo ll o w i ng i s a li s t o f t he en g ra v i n g s o n t he s c reen s
d o w n t he middle o f t he ro o m beg i n n i n g w i t h t he rig h t ,

h a n d s id e o f t h e s o ut h ern sc reen
1 .R o ber t C o r n eli s N a pi er fi rs t Lo rd N a pi er o f ,

M a gd a l a (,
1 81 0 C o m m a n d e r i n Chi e f i n I n di a - -
,

1 870 1 876 -
.

2 . Sir Ch a rl es J a me s N a pi er ( 1 782 ,
con q uero r
o f Sc i n d e Co mma n d er i n Chi ef - -
in I nd i a ,
1 849
1 850 .

3 . Li eut .
-
C ol . Ar t h ur W elles l ey ( 1 769 ,

4 . The sa me .

5 . W illi a m N o tt ( 1 782
Ge n er a l S i r ,

6 . S ir H en ry H a vel oc k ( 1 795 ,

7 . St ri n ger La w ren c e ( 1 69 7 1 7 ,
-
t he fa t h er of t he
”
I n d ia n A rmy .
 C A C U T TA O L D AN D N EW .
L

8 . H ug h ,
fi rs t Ba ro n G o ug h of Chi ng K i a n g foo in
C hi n a a nd M a ha ra j po re a nd S utl ej in the E a s t I ndies :
a nd V i s c o un t Go ugh o f G uj a r a t a n d Li me ri c k , ( 1 7795

Co mma n d e r in Chi ef i n I n d i a 1 843 1 849

- -
,
-
.

9 . The sa me .

B ri g a di er Ge n e r a l S i r J o h n E a rdl ey “ i l m o t I nglis
’

10 . .

( 1 81 4 1 86 2)
-
t he D ef en d er of L uc k n ow .

11 . S ir R o be rt H en ry Sa l e ( 1 7 82-
1 845) F ig h ti ng
Sa l e of kill ed a t t he ba t t l e o f M o ndhoc
el la l a ba d
Bo b J
'

12 M a j o r Gen era l J o h n J a c o b ( 1 81 2 1 858) o f J a cob s

.
-
,
-

Ho r se a n d J a c o ba ba d .

13 Ad mira l Si r R i c h a rd K i n g B a rt
. V ice ,
.

Ad mi ra l o f t he R ed a n d C i n C a t t he N o re : se rv ed on . .

Ad mi r a l W a t s o n s fl a g s hi p in t he E as t I n di es i n 1 7 5 4 57 :
’
-

c o mma n d ed t he l a n di n g p a rty a t t he c a p t ure o f Fort

W illi a m a n d Hoo ghly in J a n ua ry 1 757 : an d t oo k home ,

W a t s o n s des p a t c h es t o the Ad mi ra lty

’
.

14 Li eut Gene r a l S ir Geo rge N ugen t B a rt ( 1 757

. .
-
,
.

C o mma n de r i n Chi ef i n I n di a 1 81 1 1 81 3
- -
,
-
.

15 S ir D a v id O c h t erlo n y ( 1 758
.
,

16 Sir J a mes H o pe G ra n t ( 1 808

. C o mm a n der ,

in Chi ef a t M a dr a s 1 86 1 1 865
- -
.

17 B ri g a di er Gene r a l J o hn N i c h o lso n ( 1 821

.
-
,

18 S ir J o h n M a l co l m ( 1 769
. fro m t he s t a t uc ir
,
.

W es t mi n s ter Abbey .

19 Ge n er a l Si r Geo rge H ew it t Ba rt
.
( 1 7 50 1 840 1 :
,
.
,
-

C o mma n d er in Chi ef in I n di a 1 807 1 81 1

- -
,
-
.

20 Gen er a l Sir Geo rge Po lloc k ( 1 786

. relieved ,

S a l e a t J ella la ba d in 1 842 : M i l ita ry M embe r o f C o uncfl

1 844 1 847 -
.
838 CA L C UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

34 . C o lin C a mpbell
Si r ,
Lo rd Clyd e , ( 1 7 9 2 1 863)
-

C o mma n d er in Chie f in I nd i a
- -
,
1 857 1 860 -
.

35 . The sa me .

O n t he o pp o s i te o r l eft h a n d s id e o f r
s c een s ,
beg i n n i ng at
t he no r t h er n en d

36 . M o un t s t ua r t E lphi n s t o n e , ( 1 77 9 Go vernor
o f B o mba y , 1 81 9 1 827 -
.

37 .J o h n L a i rd L a w ren c e fi r s t Lo rd L a w r en c e ,
.

38 .Ch a rl o t t e E li z a be th C o un t es s C a n n i n g ( 1 817
, ,

1 86 1 ) di ed a n d li e s b uri ed i n B a rr a c k po re P a r k .

39 . The sa me .

40 . Ch a rl es J o h n fi r s t E a rl C a n n i ng ( 1 8 1 2 1 862)
, ,
-

Go v e r n o r Gen e r a l O f I n di a 1 856 : fi rs t V i cer o y 1 858 62

-
,
-
.

41 . Th e sa me .

42 . H en ry H a rdi n ge ,
i sc o un t H a rd i n ge of
fi rs t V
L a h o re ( 1 7 85
,
G o v e r n o r G en e r a l O f I n d i a 1 844
-
,

1 848 .

43 . The sa me .

44 . L o rd M el v ille ( s ee N O ,
.

45 . W illi am B ut ter w o rth B a yley ( 1 782 ,

Ac ting
Go v er n o r Gen er a l 1 828
-
,
.

46 . M arq ues s O f H a s t i n gs ( 1 754 ,

G o v ernor
Gen er a l o f I n di a 1 81 3 1 823 ,
-
.

47 . L o rd W illi a m B en t i n c k ( 1 7 7 4 ,
Go v ernor
G en er a l o f I n di a 1 828 t o 1 835
,
.

48 . Lo rd H a s t i ngs ( a s E a rl o f M o i ra ) .

49 . Lo rd W ell es l ey : a fo urs et o f .

50 . S i r J o h n S h o re B a rt c r ea t ed Lo rd Tei g n mo uth in
,
.
,

1 7 98 , ( 1 7 5 1 Go v e rn o r Gen er a l o f I n d i a 1 793 1 798 ,

- .
 T HE V IC TO R IA M E M O R IA L HA LL C O LL E C T IO N . 839

51 . Lo rd C o r n w a lli s ( 1 738 ,

52 . Th e s a m e : a n en g r a v i n g o f t he s t a t ue in t he
C a l c ut t a To w n H a ll .

53 . A S e ri es o f t w el v e en gr a v i n g s o f W a rr en H a s t i n g s ,

m o s t o f t h em o bt a i n ed f r o m M i s s M a ri a n W i n t er a n d ,

i n c l udi n g o n e o f t he bus t in th e H a s ti n gs Templ e a t

M e lc h et P a rk W ilt s hi re erec t ed by Ma j o r J o h n O s bo r n e
, ,

i n 1 800 .

O n t he E a s te rn w a ll ofro o ms a re ra re g un s mus i c a l
th e ,

i n s t r umen t s mo d el s a n d t ro phi es c o n n ec t ed w ith memo r

, ,

a bl e eve n t s i n t he hi s t o ry o f I n di a .

In t he N o rt h er n c o r n er o f t he r oo m a t t he en tr a n ce to ,

t he fo urth a n d l a s t g a ll ery is t he o ri g i n a l o f t he fa mo us
,

A ll a h a ba d t r ea t y o f 1 7 65 by w hi c h t he D ew a n y w as
,

r n ted t o t h e C o m p a n y I t co n t a i n s t he s i g n a t ures o f
g a .

S h a h Al um w ho h a d c o me fro m D elhi a n d o f Cli v e a n d

, ,

C a rn a c w ho ha d c o me fr o m M oo rs heda ba d w ith a uth o ri ty

fro m t he N a w a b N a z i m N a z i m ud D o w l a h - -
.

Th e mo s t pro mi n en t o bj ec t in t he fo urt h g a ll ery ( w hi c h ,

li es t o t he n o r t h o f t he t hi rd ) i s t he w ell k n o w n p a i n t i ng -

fro m t he Go ver n men t H o us e c o ll ec ti o n in w hi c h J o h n

Ze ph a n i a h H o l w ell is repres en ted s up eri n t en di n g t he build .

i ng o f th e O beli s k e rec t ed by h im i n memo ry o f hi s fell o w

;
s uff e r er s w ho p eri s h ed i n t he B l a c k H o l e The mo n ument .

w a s re mo v ed in 1 821 but h a s s i n c e bee n repl a c ed by a

,

fa c s i m ile o n t he fo r me r s i t e a t t he N W c o rn er o f D a l .
-
.
,

h o us i e S q ua re The pi c t ure fo r me rly h un g in Go v er n men t

.

H o us e o n t he n o r t h ea s t e r n s ta i rca se bet w een t h e fi r s t a n d

-

s ec o n d fl oo rs a n d w a s thro ugh t he ex e rti o n s o f D r

,
.

B us t eed p urc h a s ed by di rec ti o n o f Lo rd L a n s d o w n e in 1 892 ,

fr o m t he w id ow o f o n e o f t he Go vern o r s de s c en d a n t s in ’
 CA CL UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

Ca n a da .A g r a n d s o n o f H o l w ell S i r R ic h a rd J a mes
,

H o l w ell B i rc h ( 1 803 1 875) di s t i n gui s h ed hi m s e lf in ti:

-

S i kh w a r s o f 1 845 a n d 1 848 : a n d w as S ec ret a ry t o the

Gove r n men t o f I n dia i n t he M ilita ry D ep a rt me n t from
1 852 t o 1 86 1 h o ldi n g t h a t o ffic e d uri ng t h e M uti n y year .

I n thi s g a llery h a s a l so been pl a ced a s ma ll p i c t ure repte

s en ti n g t he d ep a rt ur e o n F eb rua ry 25t h 1 7 92 o f t h e m , ,

o f Ti ppo o S ul t a n fro m th eir F a the r I t fo rme rly h ung o

.

t h e so ut h ea s t s t a i rc a s e o f Go ver n men t H o us e
-
T h e an .

th o rs h ip is a s c ri be d by s o me t o A W D ev i s . by o t h ers to
.
,

R o bert H o me .

In t hi s ga ll ery t h ere ma y a l s o be s een mo s t i n t e res ting

mode l s o f O ld Fo rt VVi llia m ( sc a l e l oft
‘
1 i n c h ) t h e Black
.
,

Ho l e ( sc a le 6 ft = l i nc h ) a n d t h e B a t t l e fi eld o f P la s s ev
.
- .

O n t he w a ll s a re a se ri es o f eng ra v i ngs o f o ld C a l c ut t a bv
La mbe rt a n d Sc o tt t he b r o th er s D a n ie l

Sa lt F r a s er ( 1 824 a n d v a rio us p la n s o f o l d For t

W illi a m a n d M a p s o f C a lc ut ta ; a l s o en gra v i ngs o f his

t oric a l pi c t ures s uc h a s S i ng l et o n s As s a ul t o f S e ri nga
’
,

p a t a m a n d l a s t effo r t o f Ti
pp oo
”
S i r,
D a v i d W i l ki e
’
s

D i s c o v ery o f t he B ody o f Ti ppoo by S ir D a v i d B a ird

a nd o the rs I n th e cen tre o f t he roo m o n a rev ol v in g st a nd
.

is a s eri es o f p ho tog ra ph s o f Go v em o rs Gen e r a l from -

W a rren H a s ti ngs t o Lo rd C urz o n O n e va ca n t s pa n: .

on l y h a s been l eft .

The O ri en t a l M a n usc ript s w hi c h h a ve been bro ug ht to

get h er ma k e a di s p l a y s uc h a s c a n be s urpa s sed in no

,

E uropea n Li bra ry The i r n umber is s ma ll but every one

.
,

i s a gem E s pec i a l ly i n t e res t i ng i s a c o mpl ete Ko ra n in

.

th e h a n d w riti n g o f t he E mpe r o r Aura ngzeb .

 C H A PT E R XV .

THE F O R T W I L LI AM O F TO D AY -
.

THE hi s t o ry o f O ld Fo r t W illi a m h a s furn i s h ed t he t heme

fo r m a n y a s t ud en t a n d en q ui re r : but i t s mo d ern n a me
s a k e h a s m et w i t h li t t l e fa v o ur a s a s ubj ec t fo r i n v es tiga

ti o n. U n t il rec en t ly th ere w a s lit t l e p ubli s he d i n fo rma

t i o n o bt a i n a bl e up o n t he s ubj ec t B ut i n 1 902 th ere w en
.

p ubli s h ed fo r pri v a t e C irc ul a t i o n s o me i n t eres ti n g a n d is

s t r uc t i v e n o t e s by M a j o r C h urc hi ll o f t h e R o y a l G a rris on

A r t ill ery : a n d t w o y ea rs l a t e r th e l a t e D r C R VV ilsa : . . .

c o n t ri but ed in J uly ,
1 904 an a r t i c l e o n t he s a me s ub j ect t
,
e

t he C a lc ut ta R ev i ew . Th er e is h o w ev er lit t l e t o be s a id ni
, ,

t he mo d e rn Fo r t W illi a m fr o m a hi s t o ri c a l po i n t o f v iew .

It h a s s t oo d n o s i ege n o g un h a s ev er been fi red a g a i n st an

,

en emy fr o m i t s r a mpa rt s a n d i t s b a p t i s m o f fi re is y et to
,

c o me . A n d it m us t be c o n fes s ed th a t t he s t o ry o f its bui ld .

in g w hi c h h a s hi t h e rt o al mo s t en t i rely oc c upi ed th e a tten

t i o n o f i t s c hro n i c l er s m a kes n ei t h e r pl ea s a n t n o r ed i fyitg
,

rea di n g I t s li n es w e re l a id by Cli v e in Aug us t 1 757

.
,
.

up o n h is ret ur n t o C a l c ut t a a fte r s e tt i n g M ee r J a ff er on
t he th ro n e o f B en ga l . In t he prev i o us M a y a s c h eme had
been bro ugh t fo r w a rd by C a p t a i n R o be rt B a rke r a fter ,

w a rd s C o mma n d er— i n Chi ef fo r t h e pl a c i n g o f t he N et

-
,

Fo r t i n t he v ery c en t re o f t he Se ttlemen t He ex a mined

.

th e g r o un d ea s t w a rd o f t he O ld fa c t o ry a n d r epo rt ed that
,

w i t h a li t t l e ex pen s e a pr o pe r s po t mi g h t be clea red

t o t he di s t a n c e o f a bo ut s i x h un dr ed y a rds s uffi c i en t for :

fo rt a n d a n es pl a n a d e Tw o mo n th s l a ter C a p ta i n John
.
,
 T HE FO R T W I LL IA M OF TO - D AY .

ohier, w ho w a s
r in t he sa me y ea r to l evel
h o us es a n d
t he
rt i fic a t io n s o f Ch a n d ern a o re w i t h t h r u d m
g e g o n c a e,

rw a rd w i t h a n o th e r pr o p o s a l t o build a h ex a go n a l
ta d el to t he s o uth o f t he o ld D oc k w hi c h s too d s o me
,

he re a bo ut B a n k s h a ll S treet .Th ree o f t he s id es w ere t o

:n k t he ri v er a n d e x t en s i v e w o rk s w er e t o be c a rri ed
,

un d t he t o w n t o a po i n t a bo v e t he P o rt u ues e a n d
g
'

me n ia n Ch urc h es . O n t hi s li n e t he h o us es w er e to be
mo li s hed fo r t he s pa c e o f a t l eas t fi v e h un dred y a rd s
,

( 1 t h e o w n er s w er e t o be pr o v id ed fo r i n t h P a rk ”
e ,

I i c h w as t o be l a id o ut i n s treet s The s ugges ti on w a s

.

n s i d c red b t h C m m i t tee o f F o rt i fic a t io n s , a n d Cli v e

y e o

ri v ed fr o m M o o rs heda ba d j us t i n ti me t o pr ev en t t h
e

rry i ng i n t o e ff ec t o f t h e o rd e r s w hi c h w er e a c t ua lly
,

f en t o p ull d o w n a ll t he b uildi n s s o ut h o f t he D oc k a n d
, g
t h e P a rk
’
. Cli v e s co n c ep t i o n o f a s uit a bl e s i t e w a s o f
d i ffe ren t ki n d . O n t he ri ve rs id e t o t he s o uth o f t he
:t l e me n t w a s t he v ill a ge o f Go bi n d o re f o u n d e d t w o
p ,

1 t uries ea rli e r b
y t h e S e t t s a n d B y s a c k s t h e H i,
n d o o

Lt h C I S o f C a l c ut t a : a n d s urro un di n i t w a thi k ti e r
g a s c
’

g
i g l e w hi c h c o uld be ea s ily c ut d o w n The w h o l e c o l o n y
.
,

t h t h e i r t ut e l a ry d ei t y Go bi n djee a n d i t s hi s t o ri c s h ri n e ,

r t d t o t he n o r t h o f C a l c ut t a a n d libera l c o mp en s a
g a e ,

n i n mo n ey a n d i n g r a n t s o f l a n d s w as ma d e to th em
t h e i r d is po s s es s io n .B ut t h e di ffi c ul t i es o f t he E n gli s h
C! o n ly j us t beg un . W h en B ro hier c o mmen c ed w o rk
t h e en d o f O c t o be r 1 7 57 he c o uld n o t get t he l a bo ure r s
,

r e q ui r ed . O rd er s fo r biddi n g t he em pl o y men t of l a bo ur
e r s o n s w e re rep ea t ed mo re
‘
ri v a te p t h an o n c e b ut
p
) d uc e d n o e ffe c t . In 1 76 2 t he E n g i n eer ren ew ed h is
n p l a i n t o f be i n g i n c o n s t a n t w a n t o f w o rk me n a nd w a s,
844 CA L C UTTA O LD AN D N E W .

empo w ered by Go v er n men t to s e ize a ll th e b rickla ycrs :

C a l c ut t a ; but c oe rc i o n c o n ti n ued o f n o a v a il Fourrm .

l a te r the E ng i neer repo rt ed t h a t o f a t h o us a nd brickhtes

,

i n t he C o mp a n y s s erv i c e a ll but t w en ty t hree had he

’
-

sed uc ed by pri v a t e pe r s o n s w ho ga v e g rea ter w age

F i n a lly i n 1 768 t he C o un c il o rd ered t h a t n o person vhf

,

ev er r es idi ng w i t hi n t h e C o mp a n y s li mit s o r under tr

'
’

pro t ec t i o n s h o uld c o mmenc e n ew bui ldi ng s o f a ny kind

o r a bo ut C a l c ut t a un til th ey s ho uld thi n k pro per to m

s uc h o rd e r , a n d t h a t a ll w o rk men n o t reg i s t ered as »

d u b u ildi lr dy i h d h u ld b e Stir
g ga e p o n n
g s a e a n a n s o

fo r t he p ubli c s e rv ic e . Th es e o rd ers w e re re i ssued -

J a n ua ry 1 7 70 a n d proc la i med by bea t o f d rum and br i'

mo n t h o f J un e th e n umber o f w o rk men empl oyed on "

Fo r t w a s ret ur n ed a t B ut by M a rc h o f the folb

i ng y ea r t he E n gi n eer a g a i n co mpl a i n s th a t n o t mon k
,

th ree o r fo ur t ho usa n d men ha d been g ra n t ed to him '

t he p a s t s even mo n t h s . The c un et t es a n d di t c hes andti

g r ea t s l u ic e c a n n o t b e fi n i s h ed b e f o r e t h e r a i n y s e s
a no !

dec l a res ,
u n l es s a n o t h er fi v e t h sa n d en
o u m a re pr o di !

a n d yet i f t hese w o rk s a re ret a rded t he hea l t h of 3“

1
,
”
a rri s n mus t s uffe r T h u ly f m t eri al was t
g o . e s pp o a

p a i n fu l a s o u r c e o f di ffi c u lty a n d tr o ub l e a s t h e su ppy l 1

l a bo ur The c o t ra c to rs t oo k t h ei r t me a n d
. n i w he n lb ‘
,

fa i led i n t h ei r c o n t ra c t s t he Gov ern men t ha d no W

,

o v er t h em i f t h ey res id ed o ut s id e t he M a h ra tt a Dltd

The o n ly c o ur s e w a s t o a pply t o t he R es id en t o f MW
d a ba d a n d direc t h im t o us e his i n fluenc e w ith the N W “

N a z i m to rec o v e r t he pen a l t y .

The Fo r t W illi a m w a s fi n a ll v c o mp l eted a bo ut tht I“

Fo rt : fo r w e fi n d t he D ut c h Ad mi ra l S t a v o ri n us ,

i i ted C a l c ut t a a bo ut 1 770 w riti n g t h a t p e rm is s ion

v s ,
?

li k ew i s e bee n g i v en to ev e ry i n ha bi t a n t o f C a lc ut ta
build if he C hoo s es it a h o us e i n t he F o rt p r o v i ded i
, , ,
t

e q ua lly bo mbpr o o f b ut i n t he y ea r 1 7 70 n o o n e ha d t

fel t a n y i n c li n a t i o n t o a v a il hi msel f o f t hi s p ri v i leg e .

Th er e a re s ev en t
g es
a t o t he Fo rt : t h e C a l c ut t a Ga .

l ea di n g t o t he E d en G a rd en s : t he P la s s e y G a te to
s o ut h o f G o v e r n me n t H o us e c a ll ed La ll D a r w a s t! in
- '

v er n a c ul a r
p
,
o s s i bly bec a us e i t l e a d s t o t h e L a l l D igg e z

Ta n k S q ua r e a n d t o L a ll B a z a r : t h e C h o w r i n hee
g
R oy a l Ga t e w hi c h fa c es C ho w rin ghee ; t h e T re a s ury 6
, .

a bo v e w hi c h i s t he o ffi c i a l r es id en ce in C a l c ut t a o f t

C o mma n d er i n Chi ef in I n di a k n o w n in t h e v e rn a c ular

- -
,

t he P i a s d a rw a z a o r Th i r s t y G a te f r o m t h e p ro x i mi ty
,

t he o ld d ri n ki n g t a n k s a n d re s e r v o i r s : t h e H o s p i t a l Gr

w hi c h f a c es t he R a c ec o urs e : S t
’
G eorg e s G a t e w it
“

.
,

d eri v es i t s v ern a c ul a r n a me O f C o oly D a rw a z a fro m t

'

v
,

f a c t th a t it g i v es a c c es s o n t he s o uth t o t h e s uburb '

H a s t i n gs o r C o o ly B a z a r : a n d t he Wa t er G a t e o r Pas
D a rw a z a fa c i n g t he ri v e r ba n k n ea r th e G w a l i o r Mar
,
.

me n t . Th e v a ri o us ba s t i o n s h a ve a l s o n a m e s a l l o t t ed
t h em In 1 7 66 t he y w ere k n o w n a s t he Ki n g s Q ueen
’
’
~
.
,

Pri n c e O f W a l es a n d D uk e O f C umbe rl a n d s B a s t i o n s at
’ ’
,

t h e d emi ba s tio n s w e re di s t i n g ui s h ed a s t he D uk e o f Y ork

a n d t h e Ki n g o f Pr us s i a s
’
.

The Fo rt mo u sn t a bo ut 60 0 g u n s o f v a ri o u s c a lib re

The Ga rri i
son c on s s t s o f o n e E ur o p ean r eg i m e n t a n d a s

reg i men t o f N a t i ve I n fa n t ry t ogethe r w i t h o n e Ba t ten

,

o f Ga rri s on A r l
t il e rv T h e
. F o rt i s s a id t o b e c ap a b le d
 THE FO R T W I LL I AM OF TO - D AY . 847

c o n ai n n g
t i men . W ithi n t he las t few y ea rs t h e ,

mo s t expo s ed p o rti o n s of the Fo rth a ve been p r o t ec t ed by

g un s o f h ea v y c a li b re ,
a n d a mo n g t h em s o me ,
of 1 0 ton s
ha ve been m o un t ed o n t h e ba t t le men t s .

The Gl a c i s a nd E s pl an a d e is
reg a rd ed a s a n a pp a n a ge o f
t h e F o rt a n d i s un d er t he c o n tr o l o f G ov er n men t
, It .

i n c l ud es the s p a c e bo un d ed by t he E s pl a n a de Ro w o n t h e
n o rth , C ho w rin g hee R oa d o n t he w es t t he R i v e r o n t h e ,

ea s t , a n d To lly s N ull a h o n t h e s o uth

’
.

In fo r m Fo r t W illi a m is i rreg ul a r oc t a go n w ith fi ve

an ,

s id es t o w a rd s t h e l a n d a n d th ree t o w a rd s t he ri v e r
, It is .

s urr o un d ed by a d ry dit c h w hi c h h o w ever c a n be fi ll ed

, ,

w i th w a t e r by a s l ui c e fr o m t h e ri v e r The w h o l e o f t he
.

d e fen c es a re fa c ed a n d p a li s a d ed w ith grea t c a re a n d ,

a re k ep t i n a d mir a bl e c o n di t i o n The w o rk s h ow ev er a re
.

v e ry lit t l e r a i s ed a bo v e t h e s urr o un di ng c o un t ry a n d do ,

n o t pr es en t a n i mp o s i n g a pp ea r a n c e ex t er n a lly The C o m .

m a n d er ia Chi ef res ides o ve r t h e Trea s ury Ga t e a n d ea c h

- -

o f t h e o t h er ga t es ha s li k ew i s e a ho us e o v e r it us ed a s t he

r es i d en c es o f t he B ri ga di er c o mma n di ng the Presi d en c y

D i s tri c t a n d t he Chi ef St a fl O ffi c er s o f t h e G a rri s o n
'
.

W i t h i n a re fi n e ra n ges o f B a rra c k s fo r t he ac commoda ti o n

o f E uro p ea n a n d N a ti v e Tr o o p s t h e A r s en a l S t o r e r o o m s -
, , ,

M a ga z i n es ; a l so ex t en s i ve Pa ra d e G ro un d s E n teri n g .

fro m t he C ho w rin ghee Ga t e yo u p a s s th rough w h a t w a s

,

fo re t he Cy c l o n e o f 1 864) a n o bl e a v en ue o f t rees lea di n g

( b e

t o t he O utr a m I n s tit u t e T h i s. b u ildi n g i n S pit e O f i t s ,

r e s en t use a s a s o ldi e r s i n s tit ut ’

e an d g a rri s o n s c h oo l
p ,

s t i ll g oe s by t h e n a m e o f Go v e r n m en t H o us e I t b e a r s a .

t a blet w hi c h ex pl a i n s the ca us e : fo r it bea r s t he fo ll ow i ng

848 CA C L UTTA O L D A N D N ew .

i n s c rip t i o n Thi s h o us e w a s bui l t fo r t h e G o verna

Gen era l a n d w a s s o met i mes oc c upi ed by h i m Bishq : .

Heber w a s a cc ommo d a ted in it by Lo rd A m h e rs t w hen he

fi r s t a rri v ed i n I n di a i n O c t obe r ,
I t h a s but
a s s e rt ed t h a t t he h o us e w a s n eve r a s a fa c t o c c up i ed by a

G o v er n o r G en er a l
- . B ut t h e C a lc ut ta Ga z e t t e o f S e p t embe
1 5t h 1 7 7 9 rec o rd s t h a t w h en Lo rd W e ll e s l e y re t urned t
, ,
“

Fo r t W i lli a m fr o m M a d ra s in th a t y ea r h e p ro c ee d ed t o the
,

g a t es o f t h e Fo rt a n d t h en c e t o t h e Go v e rn m e n t H ou se
”
upo n a rri v a l i n t he F o rt . S i mil a rly w h e n t h e ,
ner

G o ve r n men t H o us e w a s rea dy fo r o cc upa t i o n i n Aprfl

1 802 w e l ea r n fr o m t he G a z et te t h a t W e l l e s l e y m a de his
'

en try i n t o it in s t a t e by w a y o f O ld C o urt H o us e Street .

t h e t r oo p s bei n g dr a w n up i n a s treet t h ro u h w hich

g ,

His Lo rd s hip pa s s ed fr o m t he pres en t G o v e rnment

,

”
H o us e . A n d a s e a rly a s 1 786 o n t he o cc a s i o n o f Loni
,

C o r n w a lli s a rri va l in C a l c ut t a w e a re t o ld th a t he r s
’
,

met a t t he w a t er s id e by a p a rty o f t he Bo d yg ua rd and

t h a t h e w a lke d t h en c e t o t he Fo rt w h ere h is rec e p t i o n was
,

p ubli c The c o mmi s s i o n i n v es ti n g h im w i t h t h e p o w ers o

.
f

G o v er n o r Gene ra l a n d C o m ma n d er in Chi ef w a s t h e n read

- - -

a n d he reti r ed t o b rea kf a s t pr es uma bly a t t he G o v e rn ment

,

H o us e in t he Fo rt And even a f t er t he n e w G o v e rn ment

.

H o use w a s oc c upi ed it c o n t i n ued t o be us ed fo r t h e a c c om

,

moda t io n o f di s ti n g ui s h ed pe rs o n s W h en L o r d W ill iam

.

B en t i n c k v i s ited C a l c utt a in t he s umme r o f 1 805 in thr

c a p a c i t y o f G o v e r n o r o f Fo r t S t Geo rge t he o fi c i a l ar
.
,

c o un t o f h is r ec ep t i o n in t he G o v er n men t G a z e t t e o f July ,

4t h o f t h a t y ea r di s ti n c t ly s t a tes t h a t Hi s Lo rdship
,

a rri v ed i n t h e H oo g hly R i ver o n t h e 27t h J un e 1 805 on

,

bo a rd His M a j es t y s s hip
’
R a t tl e S n a k e C a pt a in Lye ,
850 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

p o r d
t e by ma s s i ve bea ms , w hi c h w e r e v s i i bl e from d:
roo ms bel ow , but bei ng p a i n t ed n ea tly ha d n o t a t a ll a h:
e ffec t P un k a s , l a rge f ra mes o f w oo d c o v ere d w i th v hrr
'

C o t t o n , a n d l oo ki ng n o t un lik e en o rmo us fi re bo a rds but -

.

fro m th e c eili ng o f t he pri n c ip a l a p a rt me n t s t o w h ic h care

w ere fa s t en ed w hi c h w er e d r a w n ba c kw a rds a nd fo ra arr
-
.
,

by o n e o r mo re s erv a n t s s o a s t o a g it a t e a n d c oo l the e:
,

v ery a g r eea bly The w a ll s w ere w h it e a nd un a dmx :

.

e x c ept w i t h a n umbe r o f g l a s s l a mp s fi ll ed w i th c omar;

o i l a n d t he f ur n it ure t h o ug h s u
, ffi c ie n t fo r t he c li ma t e n
, ,

s c a n t y in c o mpa ri so n w ith th a t o f a n E n g li s h h o us e T .
fi

bed s i n s t ea d o f c urt a i ns h a d mo s q uit o n ets : t hey we

ra i s ed hi gh fro m t he g ro un d a n d v ery h a rd a dmirab" ,
.

”
a d a p t ed fo r a ho t c li ma t e Thi s d es c ri p ti on w ill enab
.

us t o un d er s ta n d w h y W ell es le y s peed ily t i red of li ~

.

t e mpo r a ry q ua rt er s a n d t oo k pos s es s i o n o f th e ho us e r

B a rr a c k po re w hi c h un t il th en h a d bel o n ged t o the Cre

ma n d er ln Chi ef
-
U po n t he depo s i ti o n i n Febr uary 1
-
.
91" ,

o f VV a j id Al i Sh a h t h e l a s t K i n O dh b r l
,g o f u h e w a s aw ,

d o w n t o C a l c utt a a n d l odged in t hi s bui ldi n g i n th e For .

He oc c upi ed it fo r t h ree y ea r s be fo re he w en t t o ti:

P a la oe in G a rd en R ea c h S i n c e th en it h as been a ga r
‘

.
,

s o n o r R eg i men t a l I n s t i t ut e bei ng c a l le d t he, O utr e

I n s tit ut e .

t he o un
f d i a t o n of t he R o y a l Ba rra c k s i n Fo rt Wi llie:
 T HE FO R T W I LL IA M OF TO D AY .
-

lo n ot r
a nsw e pec t a ti o n c o n c ei v ed res pec ti n g th em
t he ex ,

out o n th e c o n t r a ry t h ey a ppea r n o t s uffic i en tly fi rm to

,

up p o rt t he w ei g ht o f s uc h a h eav y s tr uc t ur e Th e
J o rt h a n d So ut h B a rr a c k s a re o f s h o rtly l a t er d a t e a n d ,

I n H i c ky s
’
we re O ri g i n a lly used a s o fli c ers q ua rt ers ’
.

:a z et te o f Sa t urd a y Febr ua ry 1 8t h 1 780 th e r e ma y be

, ,

ee n a n a d v erti se me n t o f t he o ffe r o f a rew a rd o f 1 00 s i c c a

.

up e es fo r th e r ec o v ery o f c ert a i n a rti c l es s t o len fro m t he

tho e r s res idi n g i n t he N o rth a n d S o uth B a rra c k s
’
. .

The p res en t G ra n a ry B a rr a c k w a s fro m 1 87 1 un til a few

e a r s a go t he m i li t a ry p ri so n , but t he t a b l et o n t he w a ll s

) f t he buildi n a ff o rd c l ea r i n di c a ti o n o f t h e p urpo s e f o r
g s

wh c i h it w a s o ri g i n a lly i n ten d ed The i n sc ripti o n on t he

.

s l a c k s t o n e s l a b w hi c h is 3 feet l o ng by 20 i n c h es hi g h
un s Thi s buildi ng c o n t a i n s ma un d s o f ri ce a n d
ma un d s o f p a ddy w hi c h w ere de p os it ed by o rd e r o f
he G ov er n o r Gen er a l a n d C o unc il un de r t h e i ns pec t i o n
-
,

1 n d c h a rg e o f J o h n B elli ,
Agen t fo r P ro v idi n g V i c t ua lli n g
St o res t o t hi s G a rri s o n in t he mo n t h s o f M a rc h A pril a n d
, ,

day ,
The o ri g i n a l buildi n g i s 90} feet bro a d by
27 feet l o n g a n d a bo ut 25 feet hi g h I t is buil t o f bri c k
.

n li me a n d t he ex t er n a l w a ll s a re 5 feet 3 i n c h es thi c k
,
.

Xft er t h e c o n s t r uc ti o n o f t h e m ilit a ry pri s o n it w a s

o ua d n ec es s a ry t o s t ren gt h en t he ba y a t t h e s o ut h w es t
’

md t o build up a c ro ss w a ll t o s uppo rt t he a rc h Th ere .

Ire ei gh t ba y s o f tw el v e s p a n s a n d ea c h c ro s s w a ll h a s

o ur a rc h ed O pen i ngs o f 1 2 feet s p an The fi ft een th c h a rge

.

I g a in s t W a rren H as ti n g s a t hi s i mpea c h men t w as Th a t

1 c a p p o i n t ed h is Pri v a t e S ec ret a ry J o h n B elli E s q ui r e t o , ,

3c Agen t fo r t he S upply o f S to res a n d Pr ov i s i o n s fo r t h e

852 C A LC U TTA O LD A N D N ew .

G a rri s o n of Fo r t W illi a m in Benga l w i t h a co mmissinn ti

A refe ren c e t o Gleig s me mo ir shoes
’
thi r t y per
t h a t t he e rec ti o n o f t h e g ra n a ry a n d t he p ro v i s i o n of the

en o r mo us s t o re O f g r a i n w a s p a rt o f a s c h e m e d evis ed h

H a s ti n gs to a v ert a repet i t i o n o f t he grea t fa m i n e o f l i i t .

w hi c h w a s s a id to h a v e ca rri ed O ff n o les s t h a n

p e r s o n s in t h e s tree t s o f C a l c utt a in t h e c o urs e o f tine

mo n t h s . A c h a i n o f g r a n a ri es w a s p ro pos ed o n t he banks
o f t he t w o g rea t ri v er s to be buil t o f s o li d m a s o n ry a !
, ,

fi ll ed in ti me o f pl en ty fo r us e i n y ea r s o f s c a rc i t y W ritia .
'

to a fri en d i n E ng l an d o n Oc t o ber 1 5t h 1 783 Ha SfiI z

"
:

, ,

sa ys : I h a v e beg un s uc h a pro v i s i on in t he F o rt when ,

w e ha ve bo ttl ed up ma un d s a n d I d o n o t i n tend :
un co rk it til l it h a s s t oo d tw en ty yea r s At B a n k i porea .

a s i mi l a r go l a h o r g r a n a ry w i t h w a ll s 1 2 feet th ic k a t
,

pi erced by fo ur d oo r s o n e o n ea ch s id e It is f a mom hr
,
.

t he w o n d erf ul ec h o t he s li ght es t mo v emen t o r sow

,

bei n g repea t ed a h un dred fo ld but it ha s n ev er been F:

to a n y pr a c ti c a l p ur po s e The do o rs in fa c t O pen i n w ards
.

ren d eri ng it s us e a n i mpo s s i bility a n d i t s ta n ds a s a more

men t o f a c o lo s s a l mi s t a ke The i n sc ri pti o n upo n it rea d
.

t h a t it w a s erec t ed by C a pt a i n J o h n G a rs t in t h e a rc him ,

o f t he C a l c utt a To w n H a ll in pa rt o f a g en eral p19

o rd e red b h G v e r n o r Ge n er a l in C o un c i l
y t e o -
2 o t h o f J : ,

ua ry 1 784 fo r t he perpet ua l p rev en t io n o f fa mi n e in the!

, ,

prov i nc es .

Of t he lo w buildi n g in t he St . .Geo rg e
'
s R a velin j
ti

bey o n d t he sec ond ga ew at y ,

no w used by t h e bu d of t:

Th e vo t i n g upo n t h is c h a rge w a s —N ot gui l t y 23. gui l t y 3.

 85 4 CA L C UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

of c o ou s r t a ke n fro m t he enemy a n d ot hers w orn nul ls

l
s er v i c e in sc en es o f d uty a nd o f glo ry Th e Armonry i .

a ma gn i fi c en t roo m built un de r t he o rd ers o f Warm

,

H a s t i n gs Go vern o r Gen era l o f I n d ia i n 1 7 7 7 Over the

,
-
,
.

e n t r a nce is t he fo ll o w i n g i n s c ri pt ion A nn o Da ni a
1 777 .Th es e a r m s w e re a rr a n ged by o rde r a n d under th
a us pi c es o f t he H o n o ur a ble W a rr en H a s t i ng s Esquire ,
.

G o v e r n o r G en er a l -
.

In t h e P a t t er n R o o m w ill be f
o un d sa mples of a lum
ev e ry s h o t a n d s h ell i n ven ted an d t he d ea d lin ess of tit
,

s hr a p ne ll a nd th e p en etra ti ng po er w o f t h e p alfi S! r

C hilled ca n be
'

l ei s urely ex a mi n ed T he o ld ch i! .

s h o t a n d ma n y o t h er ea rly id ea s i n t h e m i i
s s l es o f W

a re r epr esen t ed O ur a lli es in A fgha n i s t a n h a v e e

.
v id ent t

pro g res s ed i n t he ma n ufa ct ure o f a mmun i t io n for it ,

t hi s s ec t i o n w ill be s een s o me ve ry w ell ma d e c ase w

a n d s h ell fo r ri fled g un s a l s o C a bul a r ms

, c o n s isting d ,

c a r b i n es l ong ,
k n i v es s w o rd s 8t e
,
b r o u g ht
,
t o C . a l
,
c utlI

by t e h B ou n d a ry C o m m i s s i o n T h e a pp a. ra t u s fo r

firi n g roc k et s bl ue lig h t s a n d a l so s a mples o f h a nd gm?

, ,

a d es ( fo r t h r o w i n g o v er t h e w a l l s o f f o rt s a n d o th er oflw
)
s i e c o mb us ti bl es a rr es t a t ten ti on
v w hil e t he ma chine ,
lff

tes ti ng c ra c k s a n d o th er d a ma g es in l a rge g un s t he moun ,

ta i n ba t tery eq uip men t s fo r c a mel s a n d el eph a n t s andl fi ,

i n ge n i o us reve r s i bl e bit fo r a rti ll ery h o r s es d es erve mot!

t h a n p a s s i ng n o ti c e
. A rr a n ged o n t he w a ll s a re compltft
.

s et s o f t o o l s i s s ued t o t he a rm y c o mpri s i n th f ra t
g , o s e o

p e n t e rs bl a
,
c k s m i t h s f a rri e r s , m as o n s e t
,
c T h e se ts t" , .

A fg h a n h a r n es s bro ug h t o ve r by S i r W es t R idge“ !
,

w ill b e i n s p ec t ed w i t h i n tere s t a s s h ew i n g w ha t th f
 T HE FO R T W I LL IA M OF To D Av - . 855

e o p le a re c a p a bl eH ere a l s o w ill be s een a ma ga

o f.

i n e ri fle o f n ew es t p a t t ern a n d i n c l o s e pro x i mity a

,

l ro w n B es s a s us ed i n t he Cri mea n w a r ; a R emi ng t on

ifl e fro m E gypt a n d a mus ket w ith fl in ts a n d ba y o n et
, ,

a id t o h a v e been pi c ke d u o n t h e fi eld o f W a t erl oo i n fa c t

p ,

ea rly a ll s m a ll a rms fro m t h a t d a te i n c l udi ng a S h a rp s

’
,

a r b i ne ,
w i t h w i n di n g t a pe a n d d et o n a t o rs a n d ea rly ,

reec h l o a ders Th es e fo r m a very i n teres ti n g g ro up

. .

ev e ra l t ro phi es a re ex hi b it ed b ut mos tly th ey h a v e been ,

x e d s o hi h t h a t t he d a t es a n d mo tt oes o n t h e
g g uid o n s

r b a nn eret s a re s c a rc el y rea d a bl e Th ere a re s o me .

J eh a d fl a g s w ith c res c en t d es ign t a k en fr o m t he

( a h o me da n r eg i me n t s d uri n g t h e mut i n y a n d h a n gi ng ,

lo s e by w hi c h w ill s urely i n t eres t eve ry E urop ea n w h o

,

a z es o n th em t he s ma l l fl a g s o f th e C a l c utt a V o l un t eer
,

Ia v a l r
y G ua rd o f 1 857 T h e r e a.re a l s o o ld fl a g s o f t h e

th B C . . 1 4th B L C ( 1 7 97 ) a n d t he 62n d B I
. . . . .
,

ll s il en t ev id en c es o f goo d w o rk d o n e by t h o s e regi men t s

1 p a s t y ea rs .

I n t he M a i n A r mo ury t he v i s it o r tr uc k w i t h t he w ill be s

nmp let en es s o f t he a rr a n emen t s a n d t h e th o ro ug h o rd er

g
nd c o n diti o n o f t h e man y th o us a n d s o f w ea o n s r ea dy
p ,

>r i s s ue h e s ees r a c k ed a r o un d hi m An o p p o rt uni ty is .

,

i ven o f s t udyi n g t he r a pid s trid es ma d e w ith reg a rd t o the

Ia n ufa c t ure O f a r ms o f a l l ki n d s Th e s w i vel g un s fo r .

i rt s
,
t he s uc c es s i v e E n fi eld S n id e r M a rti n i H en ry a nd
, ,
-

Iag a z in e ri fl es Pi s t o l s C a rb i nes a ll d es i n s a n d a es
, , ( g g ) ,

g a t h er w i th s w o rd s f o r c a mp fo ll ow ers a n d a pec uli a rly

s eful s w o rd fo r Pi o neers w hi c h fo r ms a t o n c e a n
,

lfic ien t a n d o ff en s i v e w ea po n bei n g bo t h s w o rd a n d s a w

, ,
856 CA L C UTTA O LD AN D N E W .

a re a ll di s pl a yed a s it w er e in C h ro n o l og i c a l o rde r In ti .

c en t re o f t h e ro o m th ere i s a c a it a l s pec i me n o f a t ime

p
po un d er bra s s gun t urn ed o ut in t he Co s s i po re G un Fa ctm
i n 1 845 a n d it bea rs c o mp a ri s o n w ith o t h e rs a m o n the:
,
( g
a W hi t w o rth ) w hic h h a v e been i mpo rt e d fro m t he ti :
co un t ry H ere ma y be s een s o me q ua i n t l oo ki n g O ld sw a t
.

ba y o n et s fo r ri fl es Th ey a re o v er 2§ feet i n len g th an:

. ,

w e re i n c o mmo n us e i n 1 857 8 The t h ree edge d SW : “

-
.

w i t h br a s s g ua rd o f P a ri s ma k e ( d a t e no t l eg i bl e) fort s

a n i n t eres t i n g c uri o .

On i v ewa l s o i s a c o ll ec ti o n o f g un s c a pt ured by a

B riti s h fo rces Th ese i n c l ud e P ers i a n b r a s s g un s

.

ta k en in t he P e r s i a n W a r ; S p a n i s h g un s bea ri n g t he dz:

1 7 21 w ith t he Cr ow n a n d n a me o f Phili p V
, e mbomfi .

upo n th em : thes e gun s ( s o me t a k en i n Go a ) a re higi ?

‘'

fi n i s h ed S pec i men s a n d mos t el a bo r a t ely o rn a m en t ed r :

v a ri o us d es i gn s Th ere a re a l s o gun s fro m K a n d a h a r a
.
n
.

Thi bet a n d s o me t a k en a t t he s i ege o f Se ri ng a p a t a m duez

,
-
,

1 7 90 . Th ere a re n umbe r s o f o ld g un s o f v a ri o us c a libre

lyi n g a bo ut t he c o ur t y a rd ma n y o f t h em h a v i n g d o ne ti!
-
,

S t a t e good s e rv i c e in t he d a y s o f t h e E I C o m pa n y 0 '

. . .

th e g r o u n d fl oo r a tt en ti o n w ill b e dr a w n t o t h e P a rk

Art ill ery w h i c h c o mpri s es a s ple n did s t oc k o f t h e ne

,
w "

c l a s se s of o rd n a n ce n ew in u es v ia t h e H o t c
,
hk ii
,
x

N o rdc n feldt G a tli n g a n d M a x i m g un s

,
.

The a uto g r a ph bo o k of the ar mo ury is w ell w o rt h In sp

“

t ion . M a n y di s t i ng ui s h ed
i i t o rs h a ve been req v s ues t ed i f

ins c ri be t h eir n a mes a n d w ei g h t s in t h e boo k a mong< ,

o th er t he l a t e D uk e o f E di n burg h M a n y R a j ah s an: .

M a h a ra j a h s h a v e been w ei g h ed in t he a rsen al w eighing

858 CA CL UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

o ut t he po si bility o f det ec t i o n a n d t he se rv a n t s o f o fficers

s
,

c o rrup t ed a n d r ed uc ed eith er b
y ex a mp l e o r t h e ea rl y op
p o rt u n it ies o ff e r ed th em o f di s po s i ng o f th e p ro pert y of
t h ei r ma s t er s w hil e a d a rk a rca n um o f ro ue ry w a s t o be
g
met w i t h in ev e ry c o rn e r o f t he baz a r a n d a n a l c h y mist ,

rea dy w ho c o uld w ith o ut a ny dec o mpo s itio n o f i t s pa rts

c o n v er t by a few s t ro k es o f t he h a mme r a s il v e r S o o n i nto
p
a p a i r o f br a c el et s in a tri ce .

Ad j o i n i ng t he O ut r a m I n s ti t ute is t he Fo rt C h urc h dedi ,

c a t ed t o S t P et er . Th e o ri g i n a l g a rri so n C h urc h ( a c c ord

.

in g t o M a j o r Ch urc hill ) w a s b uilt a bo ut t h e yea r 1 7 85 a nd ,

i n d es i g n w a s i n t en d ed ( it is s a id ) t o r es embl e t h e C ha pel
o f Tri n i t y H a ll C a mb rid e H w v e r t hi s ma y b e t h e r
e
, g . o e ,

w a s ev id en tly no Fo rt Ch urc h in 1 7 98 fo r in th a t y e a r t he ,

M ili t a ry D ep a rt men t p ubli s hed a n o t i fi c a ti o n i n t he C a s etta

i n v i t i n g pl a n s a n d t en d ers fo r t he c o n s t ruc ti o n o f a c h a pel
i n t he F o r t N o t hi n g f ur t h e r a ppea rs t o h a v e bee n do ne
.

i n t h e ma t t er fo r t w en ty y ea rs but on Thurs d a y J ul y 25t h , ,

’
1 822 t he fo un d a ti o n s t o n e o f S t P et e r s Ch urc h
,
-
. F ort ,

W illi a m w a s l a id w i t h full ma so n i c ceremo n i al Th e c ere

,
.

mo n y o f c o n sec r a t i o n w a s n o t perfo r med un ti l 1 828 : a l

t h o ug h t he buildi ng h a d been i h us e fo r a t l ea s t t h ree y ea rs

prev i o us ly .It c o n t a i n s a n umber o f i n t e res t i n g m o n u

men t s : a l mo s t ev ery c a mp a i gn o f rec en t y ea rs bei ng t e
pres en t ed The A fgh a n VV a r o f 1 841 42 a n d t he fa t a l ret rea t
.
-

fro m C a bul C o n tri but es fo ur t a bl et s C o l o nel An q uet il

.
,

Co mma n d er o f Sh a h S uj a h s fo rce w ho w a s ma s s a c red a t

’
,

J g
u d u l luc k i s, c o mm e m o r a t ed b y a n o t h e r t a blet in S t .

J o h n s Ch urc h C o l o n el W A D en n i e C B o f t he 1 3t h
’
. . .
,
. .
,

Li g h t I n f a n t ry F i ghti n g Bo b S a l e s regi men t ) w ho

’
,
 THE FO R T W I LL IA M o r TO - D A Y . 859

f ell befo re J ell a l a ba d hil e lea di ng a c o l umn upo n t he

w

A fg h a n fo rc e un d e r A k ba r K h a n is a s ec o nd h er o o f the ,

s a m e p eri o d . The per s o n a l n a rr a ti v e o f h is c a mp a igns ,

p u bl i s h e d a f t e r h i s d e a th b y W A S t
. ee l e m u .s t b e r ea d ,

b y t h o s e w ho w i s h t o a pprec i a t e t h e true merit s o f th is

i m pet uo us ly br a v e a nd fi ery s o ldi er The t a ble t here
.

e rec t ed t o h is memo ry by t he C o mma n de r ia Chi ef

( S i r - -

J pas e r N i c o l l s ) a n d o ffi c e r s o f H er M a j es ty s a r m y i n I n di’
a ,

rec a pit ul a t es a b rilli a n t s eri es o f ll a t rv i c i n t h e

g a n s e e s

fi eld C o l on el D en n i e s erv ed un d er L o rd L a k e in 1 805

a n d 1 806 . D uri n g t he B ur mes e w a r h e t w i c e di s ti ngui s h ed
h i ms elf . At Gh uz n ee o n t he 23rd J uly 1 839 he led s uc , ,

c es s f ully t he a t t a c k a t B a me a n : o n t he 1 8t h Sept ember

1 840 he de fea te d D o s t M a h o med i n th e K hoo rd C a bul

,

P a s s : o n t he 1 2th Oc to be r 1 841 a ft er Ma j o r Ge ne ra l Si r
, ,
-

R S a l e w a s w o un d ed he direc t ed th e mo vemen t s i n a
.
,

s p i ri ted ma n n er . At Ta z eea a n d J ugdull uc k o n t he 22n d

a n d 29t h O c t o be r 1 841 a n d bet w een G un da m uc k an d
, ,

J el l a la b a d o n t h e 1 2 t h N o v em be r 1 8 4 1 h e
, s u s t a i n e d
,
h i s

m il i t a ry rep ut a ti o n . At J ella la ba d o n t h e l s t D ec ember ,

1 841 a n d 1 1 t h M a rc h 1 842 he led t w o s uc ces s f ul so rti es

, , ,
.

Hi s n a me he a d s t he memo ri a l erec t ed in C a n t erb ury

C a thedra l t o t he o fli oers a n d men o f hi s Reg i men t by th ei r
s urv i v i n g b r o th er s i n a r ms .

Tw o t a bl et s co mmemo r a te
ra n k a n d fi le o f t he
t he

5t h N a t i v e I n fa n t ry w ho fell in A fgh a n i s t a n in t he yea rs

,

1 84 1 1 842 a n d t en E n gli s h O ffic er s o f t he l ot h B en g a l

-
,

Li g ht C a v a lry w ho w i th a l mo s t t he en ti re o f t he 3rd
, ,

4t h 5t h a n d 6t h t roo p s o f t he c o rp s fe ll in g a ll a n t but h o pe
, ,

les s c o n fl i c t in t he di s a s tro us r etrea t fro m C a b ul bet w een

 CA CL U TTA O LD A N D N E ‘V .

th e 6t h a nd J a n ua ry 1 842
1 3th of Th e r em a in d e r o f t he
, .

i ns c rip t i o n upo n t he t a bl et is w ell w o rt hy o f q uo t a t i on by

rea s o n o f it s s i mpl e el oq uen c e a n d it s p a t h o s : The
l a men t ed br a ve w h os e d ea t h it rec ord s t h o ug h g re a t ly out
, ,

n umbered by a mos t trea c h ero us foe i n s n o w y w a s t es and

r ugged defi les fo r s evera l d a y s a n d n igh t s t o g e t h e r wi th ,

ten t a nd s ufi e rin g f ro m the

'

o ut t he s h el t er ev en o f a ,

ex t re mes o f c o ld h unger an d t hi rs t i n t he d e p t h o f an
, ,

A fg h a n w i n t er s o ld th eir li v es d ea rly a s bec a m e B ri t ish

,

s o ldi er s.

The ba t tl es of Ma h a ra j po re M ood kee a nd

Fero z es h a h ur h a ve e a c h th eir memo ri a l s

i n the
s h a p e o f t a b l et s t o t h e f a ll en The 67t h N a t i v e l n fa n trv
.

c o mmemo r a te t he l o s s o f t hr ee o fli c ers w h o di ed d uri n t he

g
B ur m a h C a mp a i g n o f 1 853 a n d t h e 35t h R o y a l S uss ex
,

R eg i men t h a ve a s i mil a r mo n umen t in rememb ra n c e o f the

c o m r a d es kill ed i n t he o pe r a ti o n s i n t h e A rr a h D i s trict
a ga i n s t t he M uti n eer s i n 1 858 .

The Go v e r n men t I n di a s t a n d repres en t ed b y a t a blet

of

i n memo ry o f R ea r Ad mi r a l J o h n H o r s fo rd C o c k b urn
-
.

C o mma n d e r in Chi ef o f Her M a j es ty s N a v al F o rc es in

’
- - -

t he E a s t I n di es w h o di ed a t G o v er n men t H o us e o n t he
,

l ot h Febr ua ry 1 872 ag ed 55
, ,
.

A g a ll an t pi s o d e o f t h e A fgh a n W a r o f 1 87 9 i s c o m
e
'

memo ra ted by a t a bl et w hi c h bea r s the n ame o f L i eut en a nt

O s w a ld E ri c S t ua r t Fo r bes o f t he 3rd Ki n g s O w n
’

H us s a r s w h o pr eferri n g a c ti ve s erv i c e t o a cco mpa n y i ng

, ,

h is r eg i men t t o E n g l a n d j o i n ed t he 1 4t h Benga l La n c ers

,

a n d S h o r t ly a ft er met a s o ldier s d ea th i n
’
a t C a bul ,
t he

H o rs e A r t ill ery a n d C a v a l ry a c t i o n o f l l t h D ec e m ber ,

 C H A P TE R XV I .

B E L V E D E R E A N D A L I PO R E .

THE o ffi c a i l res id en c e Li euten a n t Go v e rn o r of

of t he -

Ben ga l goes by th e n a me o f Bel ved ere It w i ll b e found

.

i n t h e pl ea s a n t s ubur b o f Alip o r e a t t h e foo t o f t h e road

,

lea di ng fro m t he Z eerut B ridg e a n d c a n ea s i ly be ra cq

, .

n iz ed fr o m t h e fi ure o f t h e B en a l ti er w hic h s i n h
g g g c e t e

l a s t few mo n th s s ur mo un t s t he c en tr al ga t ew a y .

The l oc a li t y of Ali po re
its elf is t ra di t i on a l ly a s s e rt ed to
o w e it s n a me t o M ee r J a ffer Al i K h a n w ho t o o k u hi
, p s

res id en ce t h ere upo n h is d epos iti on by V an s i t t a rt i n 1 760

fro m t he mus n ud a t M oo rs hida ba d up o n w hi c h t h e N a bob
fi rm i n w a r Lo rd C li ve t he h er o
, h a d p l a c ed h i m a fter
Pl a s s ey Th ere i s a di s t i nc t ly M o ha meda n ri ng a bo ut t he
.

w o rd w hi c h o ffers S U p pO l t t o t he tr a di t i o n : an d i t is a
‘

fa c t th a t n a mes s uc h a s B eg umba ri a n d Sa h iba b ag a n s ur

The s i t e o f t he N ab o b s h o use
’
v i v e in t he n ei g h bo urh oo d .

h a s been pl a ced by s o me w h ere B el v ed ere n o w s ta n d s By .

o t h er s a s p o t h a s been s el ec ted c l os e t o t he mo d e rn C o urt

o f t he J ud ge o f th e Tw en ty Fo ur P ergun n a h s : a n d t he
-

pres en c e o f to mbs o f M a h o meda n o rig i n in the g a rd en of

t h e h o us e a t t he s o uth er n c o r n er o f Ali po re La n e a n d

Alip o re R o a d l en d s c o l o ur t o t he c on j ec t ure I t is furt her

.

a s s ert ed th a t w h en M eer J a ff er w a s r es t o red to th e th ro ne

in 1 7 63 he ma d e o v er h i s en tir e p ro perty a t Al ip o re to
,

Vl a rren H a s ti ng s as a g i ft a s a r et urn po s s i bl y fo r k i nd
’
 B ELV E D E R E AN D A L IPO R E .

n es s and a tt en t i on r ec ei ved W h eth e r thi s be a c t ua l ly

t h e ca s e o r n o t Ha s ti ng s w a s c ert a i n ly a n i mpo rt a n t l a nd
,

o w n e r in t h e s ubur b a n d a s ea rl y a s J une 1 763 w e fi n d a n

, , ,

e n try in t he pr oc eedi n g s o f t h e C o un c il a t Fo rt W i lli a m

w h i c h rec o rd s th a t M r H a s ti n g s r eq ues t s per mi s s i o n o f

.

t h e Bo a rd t o build a b rid g e o v er t he C o lligh a ut N ul la h t o

h i s Ga rde n H o use a n d it i s a g reed th a t h is r eq ues t s

b e c om pli ed w i t h Th e C o ll igh a ut N ul l a h
. is o f c o urs e
t h e Tolly s N ull a h o f t o da y w hi c h en c i rc l es Ali po r e o n t h e
’
-
,

n o rth a n d ea s t : a nd it is c lea r th a t H a s t i n g s l os t n o ti me

in en t eri ng i n t o t he en j oy men t o f h i s n ew ly a c q uired -

pro per t y w h ic h i nc l uded th e v ill a ges o f G0 pa ln ago re ( lyi ng

,

t o t he ea s t o f t he mo de rn Bel v ed ere) a n d Z eerut lyi n g t o ,

i t s n o rt h . W e s h a ll presen t ly fi n d t h a t n o a c c oun t o f
A li po re c a n be w rit t en w ith o ut a n a t t emp t t o s o l v e t he
ma n y my s t eri es w hi c h o w e th ei r o ri g i n t o his c o n nec ti o n
w i th it a n d a t t he o ut s et it w il l be a s w ell t o bea r in m i n d

t h e pri n c ip a l s p o t s i n t h e l oc a lity w ith w hi c h h is n a me i s

a s s oc i a t ed . \V e mus t beg i n w i t h B el ved ere i t s elf a n d i n

c l ude i n o ur s ur v ey t he C o ll ec t o r o f Al i po re s o ffi c i a l r es i
’

de nce th e C a lc ut t a h o us e o f t h e M a h a ra j a h o f C ooc h Beha r

,

w hi c h g oes by t he n a me o f W o od l a n ds t he S t a t e Gues t ,

h o use w hi c h is k no w n a s H a s ti n gs H o us e t he ga rd ens o f ,

t he Agri H o r t i c ult ura l S oc i ety t he bl oc k o f h o us es w h i c h

-
,
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l ie betw een it a n d J udge s C o urt R o a d a n d fin al ly t he ,

o bs erva t o ry enc l o s ure w h ic h hid es it self behi n d t he 2 0 0 10

g ic a l G a rd ens .

H a v i n g t h us ma pped o ut o ur t a s k w e w i ll begi n its ,

a c co mpli s h men t w i th t he ma n s i o n o f t he Li euten a nt

G ov er n o r hi msel f .
 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

Th ere a re ma n y
ll us i ons t o Bel ved ere a s a p la c e of
a

res id en ce n ea r C a l c ut t a in w riti ngs o f t he e ig h t een t h cen

,

t ury In Februa ry 1 762 the Co urt o f D i rec t o rs dis

.
, ,

a ll o w ed a pro po s a l t o p urc h a s e M r Fra n k l a n d s ho use

.
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fo r t he refr es h men t o f t he Go ve r n o r w h en t he m ul t i p licity

o f bus i n es s w ill p er mit h i m t o l ea v e t he t o w n B ut the .

pro h i bi ti o n s eems l a ter o n to be rel a x ed S t a v o ri n us a

.
,

D utc h Ad mira l w ho v i s i t ed C al c utt a in 1 769 w ri t e s t ha t a ,

n ew ly a rri v ed D i rec to r o f t he D utc h E a s t I n d i a C o m a n

-
p y
a t H oog hly w a s i n v it ed o n h is w a u t h r i t di
y p e v e r o ne

by M r V erels t then Go ve rn o r o f B eng a l a t

.
, h i s c o untry
,
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s ea t a bo ut tw o h o ur s w a lk f ro m C a l c utt a A n d w h en 11
.

Febr ua ry 1 770 S t a vo rin us w en t w i t h t he D ut c h C o uncil

, ,

t o c o n g r a t ul a te M r C arti er o n h is a c ces s i o n t o t h e G o ver

.

a t s i x o c l oc k i n t he e v e n i n g Mr
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n o rs h i p he w ri t es th a t
,
.

C a rti er ca me t o fetc h the D i rec to r a n d his c o m p a n y t o uh

a rid e to h i s c o un t ry s ea t B e l v ed er e a bo u t t w o D ut c h miles
,

fr o m C a l c utt a w h ere w e w ere en t ert a i n ed w i t h a n e x cel

,

len t c o n c ert p erfo r med by a ma t eurs a n d a n elega nt

F i ve y ea r s l a t e r W a rren H a s t i ng s , w h o had
”
s up per .

t h en bec o me Go ve r n o r G en er a l o f B enga l w ri t es
-
o f Bel
,

v ed er e a s t he p l a ce w h ere h e s a w Ka ma l udd i n , w h o w as
,

a f t er w a rd s o ne o f t he p ri n c i p a l w it n es ses a t N un c o m a r s
'

t ri a l
.

In N ov e mbe r of t he s a me
yea r w e fi n d h im in

v it ing S i r E lij a h Impey t o s ta y w ith h i m a t hi s C o un try

H o us e but thi s n eed n o t n eces s a ri ly h a ve been Be l v edere ,

o r i n d eed a t A lipo r e a t a ll fo r w e k n o w o f h is h a v i q
,

a n o th er res id enc e a t R is hera n ea r S era mp o re w h ere a ta u nt ,

h a s been erec t ed a t t he i n s t a n c e o f Lo rd C urz o n t o c o mm »

866 L
C A C U TTA o w AN D new .

ha d r l h o us es in t h e l oc a li t y i s evid en t fro m a pas sage

s e ve a

i n o n e o f his l et t er s t o h is w ife i n w hi c h he d i fferen tia te,

betw een th em i n t he c l ea r es t p o s s i bl e ma n n e r I passed .

”
t he thr ee d a y s o f t he w ee k a t Al ipoo r h e w ri t es o n Jan ,

ua ry 2l s t 1 784 , a nd s h a l l c o n t i n ue t o be t h e re for the

,

en t ert a in men t o f my pr es en t u t l t h y
g e s s a s o n
g a s e st
,ay

w i t h me o n S a t urd a y s a n d S un d a y s
, W h e n t h ey lease .

me I bid a di eu t o Al ipo o r fo r ev er a n d I h a v e a c tualh

, ,

a d v i s ed t h e s a l e o f it i n t h r ee l o t s t he o ld h o use a n d ga rden
,

fo r m i n g o ne t h e n ew h o us e a nd o ut h o us es t he s ec o n d a nt
, ,

Ad ve rti semen t s rel a t i n g t o th»

“
t h e p a dd oc k t he t hird .
;

s a l e o f Ali po re a n d a l s o o f h is R i s h era pro pe rty a re to be

fo un d i n t he I nd ia Ga z et te fo r J a n ua ry 24t h Mard: ,

6 t h a n d A pril 1 9th 1 784

, But Ali po re w a s s t i ll on th
,
. e

h a n d s o f H a s t i n gs w h en h e c a me t o l ea v e I nd ia i n Febru
,

”
a ry ,
1 785 . I a m n o w w ri t i n g a t Alipoo r h e t el l s hi ,
s

w ife in a l et t er o f N o ve m be r 24t h 1 7 84 fo r i t h as but

, ,

p u t u p t o s a l e a n d b o u g ht i n ag a i n I h a v e s o l d Ris her
. a

fo r d o ubl e t he s um t h a t w as p a id fo r it Thi s is a ri ddle an: .

I l ea v e it t o y o ur s a g a c i t y t o un r a v el it A ft e r H a s ting .
s

h a d s a il ed h o w ev e r t h e s a le w a s a g a i n a n n o un c ed t o tak:
, ,

pl a c e o n M a y l ot h 1 785 a s D r B us teed ha s a s c e rt ained

, , .

fro m a n ex a mi n a t i o n o f t he fi le o f t he Ca lc ut ta G a z e tte fo r

t h a t y ea r in t he B riti s h M us eum : a n d M r W illiat

’ '

. z

J a c k s o n t he l a w y er bo ug h t t he o ld h o us e fo r
r upees N es bitt Th o mp s o n a n d Sa muel Turn er Ha s t ings
'

, ,

S ec re t a ry a n d A id e de C a mp c o mbi n ed t o buy t h e no !
- -
,

h o us e fo r R s a nd Mr Ho n yco mbe o r H ome

'

. .

c o mbe ,
an a t t o r n ey a n d S ec r et a ry t o t h e J us ti ces bought ,

t h e p a dd oc k c o n t a i n i n g 52 bigg a h s o f g ro un d s urro unded

w i t h r a il ed fe n c e fo r R s l ea v i ng n ea r 70 b ig gah
.
‘
 BE LV E D E R E AN D A L IP O R E .

o f l a n d bet w een t h e p a dd oc k a n d B el vedere The pa d .

d oc k i s n o n e o t h er t h a n t he w ell k n o w n P en n e s t a te l o n g

us ed fo r t he c ulti v a t i o n o f a rr o w r o o t a n d is un rec og n i z a bl e
,

t o d a y un d e r a l o a d o f bri c k s a n d mo r t a r fo r i t i s c o v e red
-
,

w i t h t he d w elli n g h o us es o f a l a rge E ur o pea n c o l on y

-
.

B ut t he id en ti fic a t i o n o f t he O ld H o use a n d t he N ew
H o us e i s n et s o ea s y D r B us t eed fi n d s t h e c o un t er
‘

. .

rt f t h O ld H ou i n B el v ed er e : a n d t hi n k s t h a t
'

a o e se
p
H a s t i n gs m a y h a ve ret a i n ed B el v ed ere fo r h is l a rge soc i a l
rec ept i o n s o n ly a n d li ve d i n t h e s ma ll er o r N ew H o us e
w h en r ur a li z i n g a t Alip o r e B ut B el v ed ere a s a ma tt er o f
.
,

f a c t w a s n o t in t he po s s es s i o n o f H a s t i ngs a t t he ti me o f
,

t h e l et t er s t o h is w i fe w hi c h h a ve been q uo t ed a n d w hi c h
,

w e re w ri t t en in 1 784 E x i s ti n g d oc umen t s s h o w t h a t i n
.

1 7 7 8 H a s ti n g s l ea s ed t he v ill a g es o f G 0 p a ln a g o re ( w hi c h
.

l a y t o t he ea s t o f B el vede r e) a n d Z eerut w i t h B el v ed e re ,

H o us e i t s el f t o M a j o r To lly t he ma k er o f To lly s N ull a h

, ,
’
,

fo r a perio d o f t w el v e y ea rs w i t h o p t i o n o f ren ew a l fo r
,

a n o t h er tw el v e ye a r s : a n d M r B uc k l an d i n h is Hi s t o ry
.

o f B e n ga l un d e r t h e Li eut en a n t G o v e r n o r s ma k es me n t i o n
-
,

o f a n o ut ri g h t s a l e o f B el v ed e re by H a s t i n g s t o To l ly i n

Feb rua ry 1 780 t r a n s a c ti o n s it ma y be a dd ed w hi c h

, , , ,

h a rdly s upp o rt t h e t h eo ry a d v a n c ed in s o me q ua r t er s th a t
B e l v ed ere f ul fi l led t he p urpo s e n o w a ll ot t ed t o B a rra c kpo re
o f pro v idi n g a c o un t ry res id enc e fo r t h e h ea d o f t h e Go

v e rn me n t . W h ere t h en w ere t he O ld a nd N ew
H o us es o f H a s ti n gs l et t er s ? The s ubj ec t h a s pres en t ed
’

muc h diffic ul t y t o en q ui rers : a n d t he presen t w rit er i s fa r

fro m c l a i mi ng t o h a v e s uc c eed ed w h ere o t h ers h a ve been
u z l e d a d di s a pp o i n t ed B u t fr o m a c a ref ul ex a mi n a
p z n .

t i o n o f a n i n t eres t i ng ma p o f Ali p o re dr a w n in 1 780 w hi c h , ,

 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

ha s co me un der his ti c e he con c ei ve s t ha t t h e s i t ua tion

no

o f th ese a nd o th er hi s t o ri c a l s p o ts in Al i o re m a b t d
p y e ra c e .

Tw o b rid ges a re s h o w n c ros s i ng the n ull a h a n d c o rres pond

,

t o t he Z eerut B rid ge o f m odern ti mes a n d t h e b ri d e to

g
w a rd s t he ea s t w hi c h li n ks t he Al ipo r e J a il a n d t h e C o lb e

H o us e w ith the B ho w a n ipo re Ro a d F ro m the

’
to r s .

Z eerut B ridge a n a ven ue o f t rees g i v es a cc es s t o B e lv edere

Ho us e : a n d t he ro a d w hi c h r un s t o the w es t o f t h e Bel
v ed ere r o un d s a n d w hi c h is t h e Al ipo re R oa d o f t o da
g y
-
.

c o n n ec t s w ith thi s a ven ue . B ut th ere i s a n o t h e r p ro lon

a t io n o f it a s s h o w n in t he ma p w hi ch is rep res en t e d t o day
g -

by t he ro a d r un n i n g th ro ugh t he o bse rva t o ry e n c l o s ure

behi n d t h e Z oo l og i c a l Ga rd en s The ta n k w h i c h a d ds so
.

l a rgely to t he bea ut y o f t he Z oo is di s ti nc t ly g i v e n a t the

n o rth ea s t erly ex tremity o f thi s r o a d
- . To t h e e a s t o f Bel
o w a s t he C o ll ec t o r s H o us e
’
v ed er e i s t he buildi n w e k n
g ,

a ppro ac h ed fr o m t he s ec o n d bridg e by a n o t h e r a v en ue .

Thi s is t he h o us e oc c up i ed a s w e s h al l s h o rt l y l e a rn by
, ,

Phi lip F ra n c i s a n d it is c o n j ec t ured by D r C h a m b ers to

,
.

h a ve been t he ga rd en h o us e w hi c h H a s ti ngs o b t a i n e d per

-

mi s s i o n in 1 7 63 t o ren d e r a c ces s i bl e by the B ri dg e . On

t he w es t ern s id e o f B el v ed e re a h o use c a n be c l ea rly rec og

n i z ed on t he s it e o f W oo dl a n d s : it s t a n d s w i t h i n a s pa

c io us c o mp o un d w hi c h ex t en d s a s fa r a s Al i po re L a n e a :

t he s o uth a n d c o v e r s t he w h o l e o f the pr ese n t N a t i v e In

fa n t ry li n es . I t is s ubmitted th a t i t is iden ti fi a bl e w i t h
H a s ti n gs O ld H o us e w hi c h w a s p urc h as ed b y J a c k s on
'

in 1 785 . O n t he n o rt h o f t hi s h o use a n d w ith in th e c o m

u n d a re t w o s ma ll er buildi n g s t en a n ted in 1 780 by Li en
p o
.
,

t en a n t Fo ley o f t he c o m mi s s a ri a t a n d D r C le men t F ra n ci s
.
,

t h e Go v er no r Gen er a l s bo d y s urgeo n The no rth ern boun

’
- - .
870 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W
L .

l
o f s a e a te f r H as ti n g s d e p
’
a r t u re b y M es s rs W i lli a.m s
’

a n d Lee a t t he O ld C o u r t H o u s e o n t h e l o t h M a y n ex t

w hi c h D r B us t eed ha s a l rea dy fo un d fo r us i n t h e fi e of
.

t he C a lc ut ta Ga z et te fo r 1 7 85 rec o n s t r uc t i o n b e c o mes com

,

a ra t i vely ea s y L o t 1 is t h e h o us e o p po s ite t h e p a ddoc k

p .

g a t e c o n s i s ti n g o f a H a ll a l a r
, g e v e r a n d a h t o t h e s o u t h
w a rd a n d s i x r oo ms
, a n d i n c l ud ed t h e re w i t h a re t wo

s ma ll b un g a l o w s ,a l a rge t a n k o f ex c ell en t w a t e r a n d a bove ,

63 bigga h s o f l a n d p a r tl y l a w n but c hi efl y g a rd e n g round

, ,

i n hi g h c ulti v a ti o n a n d w el l s t o c k ed w i t h a g re a t v a ri ety d
,

f r ui t rt r ees . The s ec o n d Lo t is desc ri bed a s a n up per

ro o med h o us e c o ns i s t i ng o f a h a ll a n d t w o ro o m s o n each
fl o o r a h a n d s o me s t o n e s t a irc a s e a n d a ba c k s t a i rc a s e all
,

”
fi n i s h ed w i t h M a dr a s c h un a m z a nd a lo w e r ro o med -

h o us e c o n t a i n i ng a l a rge hal l a n d fo ur goo d bed c h a m bers : -

a c o mpl et e ba thi n g h o us e c o nt a i ni n g t w o roo m s

-
fi n i s hed
w i t h M a d ra s c h un a m : a c o n v en i en t b un g a l o w c o n t a i n ing

t w o ro o ms a nd a ve r a n d a h a ll r o un d a l a rge r a n g e o f puc k:
,

buildi n g s c o n t a i n i n g s t a bli n g fo r 1 4 h o r s es a n d fo ur c o ac h
h o us es : o t h er s t a bl es a ls o t h a t c he d fo r 1 2 h o rs es a n d 6
”
c a rri a ges a n d 46 bigg a h s o f g ro un d
“
. Lo t 3 i s t he

p a dd o c k c o n t a i n i n g 52 bigg a s o f g ro und s urro un d e d w i th

”
ra il ed fen c e . N o w i n t he ma p o f 1 780 t h ere a re t h ree ,

h o us es di s t i n c t ly s h ow n The fi rs t s ta n d s a t t h e s o ut h
.

e a s t e r n c o r n e r o f t he p a dd oc k a n d i f t he mo d e rn
J g
'

, u d e s

C o urt R o a d fo ll o w s t he a li g n men t o f t he o ld c o n t i n ua t io n
o f Alip o re La n e ,
i t s s i t e w a s o n t he n o rt h e a s te rn p o rt i on -

o f t h e c o mp o un d o f H a s ti n g s H o us e a s i t is n o w d e ma r
c a t ed .It s fo un d a t i o n s a re s t a ted by D r Ch a mbe r s t o ha ve .

bee n v i s i bl e i n 1 89 7 Th e re is a n o t h e r h o us e b e h i n d it
. ,

s li g h t ly t o t h e s o ut h w e s t - w hi c h fro m it s s i t ua t i o n ma y
,
 BE LV ED E RE AN D A L IP O R E . 87 1

ve ry rea s o n a bly be id en ti fi ed w i t h H a s t i n gs H o us e a n d ,

t h e s ubj ec t o f Lo t 2 : w hil e it s c o mpa n i o n t he l o w er

ro o med h o us e a s i n di c a t ed o n t he ma p
, s t a n d s to t h e ,

w e s t o f bo t h t h e o the r s a n d h a s been s w a ll o w ed u b t h
p y e
‘

J ud ge s C o ur t c o mpo un d Th e l a rge t a n k o f ex c ell en t

’
.

w a t er h a s s ur v i v ed h o w ev er a n d ma y s t ill be s een
, ,

w i t hi n t he c ut c h erry pr ec i n c t s .

H a v i n g n o w c o mpl et ed o ur a t t emp t a t ide n t i fic a ti o n o f

t h e pres en t w i t h t he p a s t w e ma y ret ur n t o t h e hi s to ry o f
,

B e lv ed e re w hi c h w e h a v e l eft i n t h e p os ses s io n o f To lly

,
.

T he M a j o r did n o t l o n g r ema i n in I n di a t o en j o y h is p ur
c h a se . He bec a me Li eut en a n t C o l o n el in 1 782 a n d re -

s i g n ed t h e s e rv i c e i n J a n ua ry 1 784 j us t a bo ut a y ea r
, ,

b e fo re H a s t i n g s E a rly in t he s a me y ea r he s a il ed fo r
.

E ng l a n d i n t h e B ut t o n a n d di ed be fo r e rea c hi n g S t .

Hel en a F ro m t h er e t h e n ew s o f h i s d ea t h mus t h a v e
.

b ee n de s p a t c h ed t o C a l c ut t a : fo r o n Oc t o ber 28t h 1 784 , ,

t h e fo ll o w i n g a d vert i se me n t a pp ea r s i n a C a l c ut t a p a pe r
To be let o r s o ld B el v ede re H o us e : a p ply t o t he B a nk
,

o f B en g a l The ho us e s eems h o w ev e r t o h a v e rema i ne d

.
, ,

i n t he h a n d s o f To lly s represe n t a t i v es
’
It w a s a n n o un c ed .

i n 1 7 98 t h a t t h e pr o p ert y w a s a bo ut to be c ut up i n t o
b ui ldi n g l ot s : but t he n ex t d efi n i t i v e s ta g e in t he hi s to ry
o f Bel ve d e r e is n o t r ea c h ed un t il Feb r ua ry 1 802 w h en it , ,

i s a d v er t i s ed fo r s a l e by p ubli c a uc t i o n i n t he C a lc ut t a
G a z et t e by o rde r o f R i c h a rd J o h n s o n E s q re a t t o r n ey .
,

t o t he Ad mi n i s t r a t ri x o f t he l a t e C o l o n el W illi a m To lly .

I t is t h e fi r s t lo t a n d is d es c ri bed a s th a t l a rge c o mmo

di c us a n d w e ll k n o w n h o us e c a ll ed Be l v ed ere H o us e w i t h
,
-
,

7 2 bigg a h s 8 c o t t a h s 4 c h it t a c ks o f l a n d mo r e o r l es s ,
872 C A C UTTA O LD A N D N E W .
L

th ereto bel ongi ng a t pres en t oc c upi ed by a n d s ubj ec t to a

,

l ea s e g ra n te d to W i lli a m A ugus t us B roo ke at ,

t he y ea rly r en t o f £ 350 p a yable a t t h e h ous e o f M es srs

,
.

W illi a m P a x ton C c o f Lo n d o n ( t he h o use a n d p remis es

.
,

t o be k ep t in go o d r ep a i r a t M r B r oo k e s e x p e n s e ) det er
’
.

mi na bl e o n t he l s t o f Aug us t 1 802 Th e p urc h a s e r w as , .

a M r N i c h o l as N ugen t o f C al c ut t a
. a c ti ng a p p a re n t l y on ,

beh a lf o f M r Tho ma s S c o t t
. The h o use n o w p a s a d .

thro ug h v a ri o us h a nd s but t he n ex t n o t a ble t e n a n t w as

,

G en er al S ir E d w a rd P a get C o mma n d er i n C h i e f i n l a m , a - -

fr o m 1 822 t o 1 825 He w ri t es t o h is w i fe L a d y H a rrie:

.

P a g et t h a t t he hous e is mo s t c he erful c l ea n a n d g en t le
, ,

ma n li k e a n d I w o uld no t c h a n ge it fo r th e G o v e rn ment
Ho us e ” In Sep t embe r 1 838 t he h o us e h ad p a s s e d i n t o
.

t he po s ses s i o n o f M r Ch a rl es R obert P rins ep

. b ro t h er of ,

H en ry Th o by P rin s ep t h e eld er a n d J a mes P ri n s e p a n d a ,

w ell k now n a d v oc a t e o f t he S upr eme Co urt w ho w as ,

Ad v oc a t e Gen e r a l o f Be ng a l fro m 1 846 t o 1 849 a n d a g a in

-

B rooke w a s a c i v i l serv a n t a n d a t t h e t i me o f Ha s t i n gs '

d ep a rt ure
fro m I n dia i n 1 7 85 w a s c h i ef o f t h e Pa t n a fa c t o ry —a p o s t w hic h
t oget her w i t h h is fi rs t a p po i n t men t to I n d ia h e . o w ed to W h el er , t he

M ember o f Co un c i l w ho l a i d t h e fo un d a t io n s t o n e o f St J o hn
'

. s

C h urc h i n 1 7 84 and d ied t he sa me y ea r . B rooke w a s l o n ge r li ved .

Heber men t io ns t ha t h e w a s en t ert a i n ed a t B en a res i n 1 824 by

M r Willi a m A ugus t us B roo ke w ho h a d been 56 y ea rs i n I n d i a a nd
.

w as t h e o ld es t o f t he Co mp a n y s resi den t serv a n t s . a n d a s a m a t ter

’

of f a c t h e s urv iv ed un t i l 1 833 w hen he died at B en a res at t h e age

of 8 1 , ho ld i n g t h e o mes of Sen i or J g
ud e of t he Co urt f A p peal
o

a nd A gen t t o t he G o v ern o r-Gen era l at B en a res . He w a s i n Cal

"
c a tta i n 1 7 94 , a n d w as P ri n c ip a l i n o fli c e to J us
uli I m h o fl w ho
h eld t h e a p po i n t men t at t he t i me o f R egi s tra r t o t he C o urt of

A p pea l a t t he P res id en c v .
87 4 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

const r uc t i o n of r
d a h o n t he ea s t s id e a n d t h e t e c nn
a ve a n -

s t r uc t i o n o f a mo r e c o mmo di o us w es t w i n w e re ca r ried ou t
g
i n 1 868 7 0 by S i r W illi a m G rey S i r As hl ey E d e n ( 1 557
'
-
.

1 882) a dd ed t he w h o l e o f t he c en t re ma i n fa c a de w i t h the

s t ep s , o n t h e n o r t h s id e a n d fi tt ed t he c en t re b a l l ro om
,
-

w i t h a w oo d en fl oo r In S ir S t eua rt Ba yle y s t i m e ( 1 887

’
.

1 890) t he w o o d en g l a z ed s up pe r roo m w a s m a d e o n the -

n o r t h s id e o f t he h o us e U n d er S i r Ch a rl es E l l i o t t ( 1 890 95
.
- :

t h e r o o m s o n t h e u p pe r s t o re y o f t he w e s t w i n g w e r e b uilt .

a n d a n a r c h w a y s ubs t i t ut ed fo r t he d oo r l ea d i n g i n t o tbr
d ra w i n g ro o m fro m t he ma i n s t a irc a s e T h e t e n ure of
- .

o ffi c e o f S i r Al e x a n d er M a c k en z i e ( 1 895 9 8) sa w t h e in
-

t ro duc t io n o f el ec t ri c li g h t i n g i n t o t h e buil d i n g .

Th ere h a ve been a n umbe r o f R o y a l gues t s e n t e rt a ined

a t Bel ved er e t h e D uk e o f E di n burg h by S i r W i l l i a m G m

i n t h e c o ld w ea th er o f 1 869 70 t he Ki n g E m p e ro r t her
-
,
-
,

P ri n c e o f V a leS by Si r R i c h a rd Te mpl e i n D e c e mber

V
,
.

1 875 , h
t e Du e o k f Cl r
a e c e by
n S i r S t e ua rt B a y le y ir

J a n ua ry 1 890 : a n d t he pres en t C z a r o f R us s i a ( N ic ho la
,
s

t he S ec o n d ) t h en C es a r ew i tc h by S i r C h a r l e s E l l i o t t 1
, ,

J a n ua ry 1 89 1 An d t o t h ese mus t n o w be a dd e d t h e n a me
, .
:

o f t he pr es en t Pri n c e a n d Pri n ce s s o f “ a l es
'
t h e ho nor ,

o f e n t e rt a i n i n g w h o m o n be h a l f o f t h e c o m m un i t y has
fa l len t o S i r A n drew F ra ser The buildi n g c o n t a i n s [1 5
.
1

l e n g t h p o rt ra i t s in o il o f t he l a t e Q ueen V i c t o ri a i n he ,

c o r o n a t i o n r o bes a n d o f Ki n g E d w a rd t h e S ev e n t h w hir L .
, ,

h a n g in t he g rea t ba ll roo m o r D ur ba r H a ll a c h a m be r 1 14
- -
,

feet l o n g a n d c a p a bl e o f bei n g di v id ed o ff i n t o d ra w i rg
,

ro o m a n d di n i n g ro o m as oc ca s i o n req ui res
-
T w o fi n e oil .

p a i n t i n g s by D a n i ell ma y a l s o be n o t i c ed o n t h e w a l ls of
,
 BE L V ED ER E AN D A L IP O R E . 875

the dra w i n g roo m -

repres en t s O ld C o urt H o us e
. The o ne

S t reet a s s een in 1 780 fro in t he s po t w h ere S t An drew s

, .

K irk n o w s t a nd s a n d w h ere t he C o urt H o use then w a s

,

t h e o t h e r d epi c t s a s c en e o n t he H oog hly w ith t he pres en t

F o r t W illi a m i n t he di s t a nc e a n d a h a n d s o me bunga l o w
,

o f t h e g en ui n e o ld f a s h i o n ed t ype i n t he f o r e ro un d
g A t .

t h e w e s t e r n o r d i n i ng r oo m end o f t he h a l l a re h un g po r
-

t ra it s o f S i r Ch a rl es E lli o tt ( 1 89 1 95) a n d L a dy E ll i o t t p re
-
,

s e n t ed by t he M a h o meda n Li t er a ry S o c i ety o f C a l c ut t a .

O th er Li eut en a n t G ov er n o r s w h o se p o rtra it s a re pr es e rv ed
-

o n t h e l a n di n g a t t he t o p o f t he s t a ir s a re S i r J o h n P et e r

G r a n t ( 1 859 62) S i r C ec il Bea do n ( 1 862 67) a n d S i r W i lli a m

”
- -

G rey ( 1 86 7 In t he di n i n g r o o m a re a l s o ex c ell en t
e n g ra v i n g s of th e po rt r a i t s i n G o v er n men t H o us e o f

Ho l w ell a n d W a rr en H a s ti n gs a n d a n o th er o f B i s h o p ,

\ V il s o n .Th e s ma ll dr a w i n g r o o m o n t he n o rth c o n t a i n s
-

p o rtr a i t s o f S ir J a mes Bo urdillo n o ffic i a ti ng Li euten a n t ,

G o v ern o r fr o m N o ve mber 1 902 t o N o vembe r 1 903 a n d ,

s ub s eq uen t ly R es id en t i n M y s o r e a n d L a dy B o urd illo n

, .

A t t he ba c k o f t h e buildi n g a re t he g a rd en s a n d l a w n
t en n i s g r o un d s a n d a fi n e o r na me n t a l jh eel c r o s se d by a n
,

i r o n bridg e .

l n L pj o h n Ma p 1 79 3 t h e
h o use a n d g ro un d s o f B el
'
’
s of

v ed e re a re v e ry pl a i n ly s h o w n The h o us e a s th ere d epi c t

.
,

ed s t a n d s a bo ut 500 y a rd s s o ut h o f t he Ali po r e B rid g e o v e r

To lly s N ull a h no w c a ll ed t h e Z eerut B rid ge a n d rec o n

’

s t r uc t ed in 1 854 a n d a g a i n w i t h c o mpl et e di s r eg a rd fo r t h e
(
pic t ures q ue) i n 1 904 As g i ven in t he m a p t he s h a pe of
.
,

t he h o us e c o rres p o n d s w i t h i t s a ppea r a nc e a t t he pres en t

da y : a n d t h er e is t he s a me ma i n en t r a n c e dri v e fro m t he
 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

w es t , a nd t he w ide i rc ul a r ex pa n s e o f l a w n i n fro nt of thr

c

b uildi ng . The bo un d a ry o n t he w es t a s t o d a y is tin ,

-
,

Alipo re R oa d . O n t he n o rth run s a n unfi n i s h ed roa d

t he en c i rc li n g Belv ed e r e R o a d o f mo d ern t i e s m — a n d there

i s a w i c k et ga t e a t t he p o i n t w h e re it n o w m eets the
-

B h o w a n ip o re ro a d j us t by t he brid ge o v e r To l l y s N ullah
’

The b rid ge s h o w n in t he m a p o f 1 780 a p pea rs n o l ong:

b ut t he id en ti fi c a t i o n is ea s ily ma d e .The un fi n i s h ed rest!
w a s t h e c a rri a ge d ri ve t o t he
-
Lo dge o f P h i l i p F ra nci s

a n d t h e w i c k et
g a-
t e t he e n t r a n c e t o h i s d o m a i n I.n s p it

o f it s mo d es t n a me t he ,
Lo dge bo a s t ed o f l a rger

g r o u n d s e v e n t h a n t h os e o f B e lv ed e re : t h e p ro p e r t y ir

c l ud ed t h e s i t e o f t he pres en t A li o re J a i l a n d R e fo rma tm
p
a n d it s bo un d a ry o n t he n o rth a nd ea s t w a s To l l
’

y s N u lla
l

A c c o rdi n g t o M a c ra bie h is br o t h er-in la w a n d S ec rets :

,
-

F r a n c i s p urc h a s ed a l o dg e i n t he n ei gh bo urh o o d o f C a !»

c ut t a , c o n s i s t i ng o f a s p a c i o us h a ll a n d fo ur c h a mber s

a n d s t a n di n g in t he m id s t o f t w en t y a c r es o f g ro un d p10 .

s a n t t o the l a s t d eg ree .The purc h a s e a s w m a d e in 1 77 3

a n d s i x mo n t h s be fo re F f a n ei s l e f t I n di a he s o l d t he how,

a n d g ro un d s in A pril 1 780 t o h i s fri en d Li v i us . T h e boss

i
i s c o n c ea l ed t o d a y by t he hig h un s i g h t ly w a l ls o f t he Ja
-

but if t he v i s i t o r w ill ma k e h is w a y t o w a rd s t h e b ri dge mt

To lly s N ull a h fro m t he Bel v ed ere R o a d he w il l n o t ia
’
.
,

ro a d o n h i s ri g ht a n d t o th e n o r t h o f t he J a i l w hi ch 5:
,

i n s c rip t i o n i n bo ld let t ers i n fo r ms h im is des igns ? "

Th a c k er a y R o a d At t he en d o f t hi s r oa d is
“
.

ut il i z ed no w a d a y s a n d fo r n e a rl v a m a
”
Lo d ge ,
- - y

p a s t a s t h e o fli c ia l res id enc e o f t h e C o ll ec t o r a n d M a gs

t r a t e o f t h e Tw en t y Fo ur Pe rg un n a h s
-
.A w i ng a nd J
upper s t o rey h a v e be en a dd ed but o t h e rw i s e i t is
,
 L U TTA
CA C O L D AN D N E W .
'

mo th er , a nd t he h o me o f h is ba byh o o d w a s l o n g p res e nt in
h i s memo ry . He drew me y o ur h o us e i n C a l c utt a ,

w r o t e h is g r a n d mo th e r B ec h er t o M rs .Th a c k e ra y s our
a ft r
e h s i b o y r e a c h e d E n g l a n d ,
n o t o m i tti n g t h e m o fi e r

l oo ki o u t o f t h e w i n d o w a n d b l a c k B e t t y a t t h e t o p d r y i r
g
n
g
t he t o w e s l .
”
S h e li v e d t o s e e h i m f a m o u s a n d h i s m u m
a h o us e o h ld w o rd a m o n g E n g li s h f o lk : a n d l i v e d a l s o I‘

s ee h im i n h i s g r a v e. O n t h e fi r s t a n n i v e r s a r y o f b e

d ea t h s he f o l l o w e d h i m t o h er o w n l a s t r e s t i n g p l a c e .

A l t h o ugh he n eve r hi m s elf ret ur ned t I di o n a T h

, a c k e r a r k

p a g es a re i n s ti n c t w i t h ma n y a n Ang l o I n d i a n t o uch -

W ho is t h ere t h a t is n o t fa mili a r w i t h t he pi c t ure i n o ne c ’

h is R o u n d a b o u t P a p e r s o f t h e p a r t i n g o n t h e g i st

o r ri v er s ide s t a ir o f t h e t w o c hildre n fro m t h e i r s a d eve:

-

mo t h e r s w h o r e m a i n e d o n s h o r e N o r i s t hi s t h e o n l y rec ord

d h f
'

h
t a t h is pe n h a s l e f t o f t h e l o n e li n es s a n
p a t o s o t h ;

t r a g edy o f t he E n g li s h ma n s li fe i n I ndia
’

e v e r pre s en t
-

”
S t ro ng men a l o n e o n t hei r k n ees ,
he t el l s us ,
w it}

s t r ea mi n g ey es a n d b r o k en a c c en t s ,i mpl o re h e a s en ffl "

t h o se li t tl e o n es w ho w ere pr a t t li n g a t t h e i r s i d e s but

few h o ur s s i n c e . Lo n g a f t er t h ey a re go n e c a re le s s a re ,

h a ppy rec o ll ec t i o n s o f t he s w eet p a s t ri se up a n d s mit

,
r

t h o s e t h a t r ema i n : t he fl o w er s t h ey h a d pl a n t ed i n t heir

l i t t l e ga rd e n s t he t o y s t h ey pl a y ed w i t h t h e l i t t l e v au nt
, ,

’
c ri bs t h ey s l ep t in a s f a t h e rs ey es l oo ke d b l e s s i n d “
g s o
”
upo n t h em . It i s w ell t h a t t h o s e o f o ur r a c e w h o s e In
it is t o ea r n t h ei r brea d a mid t h e pl ea s a n t s ur r o un d i ngs
o f a n E n gl i s h h o me s h o uld l ea r n s o met hi n g o f t h e p rice
.

o f E mpi re t h a t i s p a id by t h e i r c o un t ry men a c ro s s t h e s ea s

a n d w ho s h a ll be fo un d bet t e r fi t t ed t o t ea c h t h e l e s s o n t ha
'

t h e c rea to r o f J os Se d ley a n d C a p t a i n D o bb i n o f d e a r nl ,
 BE LV E D ER E AN D A L IP O R E . 879

Co l o n el N ew c o me i n c o mp a ra bl e G o lia h O Gra dy
a nd
’

’
Ga h a g a n ? As w e li n ger a t t he en tra n c e t o t he C o ll ec t o r s
Ho us e a t Ali po re a nd rea d th e t a bl et s w hic h bea r s il en t
tes t i mo n y t o th e o ld a s s o c i a t i o n s o f t h e hi s t o ri c s po t h o w ,

la rge a p o rti o n o f t he hi s t o ry o f o ur r ul e in In di a s t a n d s
epi t o m i z ed be fo r e o ur ey es ! The t a b l et up o n o ur l ef t t ell s

us t ha t i n t h i s ho us e r es id ed S i r P h ilip F ra nc i s Me mbe r ,

”
of W a rr en H a s t i n g s C o un c il fr o m 1 774 t o 1 780 A D
’
. .

An d t he s ec o n d W illi a m M a ke pea c e Th a c ker a y t he ,

no v el i s t ,
a l s o li v ed he r e d uri n g h i s i n fa n c y fro m 1 81 2 t o ,

”
1 81 5 A D . . O n e w o n d er s ho w o ft en s uc c eedi n g g en e
ra t i o n s o f C o ll ec t o r s h a v e s uffe r ed t h ei r t h o ug h t s t o s t r a y

ba c k to t he d a y s w h e n t he fi erc e F r a n c i s ba t t l ed fo r t h e
supr e ma c y w hi c h he w o n a n d l o s t a n d t he l i t t l e Th a c k er a y
,

l a y d hid e a n d s eek w ith h is a y a h a nd h i s bea r er a l o n g

p e

the c o o l a n d s h el t er ed g a rd en w a l k s -
.

Th e C o l lec t o r s h o us e is n o t t he o n ly s p o t in Alipo re
’

w i t h w hi c h t he n a me o f F ra n c i s is c l o s ely li n k ed Th e .

s t o ry o f t he f a mo us d ue l w ith H a s t i n s w hi c h s i n a li z ed
g g
t he ea rly mo r n i n g h o ur s o f t h e 7t h A ug us t 1 780 h a s been , ,

s et o ut i n d e t a il by C o l o n e l Th o ma s D ea ne P ea r s e t he ,

Go v e r n o r Ge n er a l s s ec o n d in a l ett e r w ri tt en in t h e fo l
’
-
,

l ow i ng O c t o ber t o L a w renc e S uli van t h e Ch a i r ma n o f t he

, .

Co urt o f D irec t o rs : a n d s o effec ti v e is the s t yl e a n d t he

ma n n er o f t he d esc ri pt i o n t h a t n o t o n ly t he s c en e but t h e
fea t ures o f the l oc a li t y a re v i v idly rec a ll ed a s w e rea d The .

t i me c h o se n fo r t h e en c o un t e r w a s h a lf p a s t fi v e O n bo t h
-
.

s id e s t h e a s s i s t a n t s w ere o ld fi re ea t er s -
P ea rse t he c o m
.
,

ma n d a n t o f a r t ill ery w a s a v et e r a n w i t h a reco rd behi n d

,

h i m o f h o n o ur a bl e s e rv i c e a t Gua d el o upe H a v a n n a h a n d ,
 880 C A C UTTA O LD AN D N E W .
L

Be lleis le , an d wa s, a y ea r o r tw o l a ter t o g a t her fresh ,

l a urel s in E yre C oo t e s Ca rn a t i c ca mpai gn ag a i n s t Hyder

’

Ali . He di ed a few mile s up th e ri ver H oo g hl y w here ht

ha d go n e fo r c h a n ge o f a ir in J un e, 1 789 a n d h is gra ve L
, ,
<

a mo n g th os e in t he N o rth P a rk S t reet cem e t ery Al .

t h o ug h he w a s o n ly fo rt y s ev en a t the ti me o f h i s dea th
-
.

his ep it a ph rec o rd s th a t fo r t he l as t three y ea rs of his

”
li fe he w a s s en i o r o ffi c er o f th e Bengal Arm y Lord .

C o rn w a lli s w a s p res en t a t the f un era l o r a s t h e local , ,

c h ro n i c l er o f the da y p ut s i t His Lo rd s hi p a t t e n ded and

,

The sec on d o f F rancis

’
d ro p t a t ea r , w ith t he c ro w d .

w a s C o l on el H en ry W a t s o n t he c hi ef E ng i n ee r of the
,

Pres id en c y , a c o n t en t i o us ma n s t ro ng ly o p p o s ed to
,

H a s t i ng s but en ti t l ed n ev e rth el es s t o s pec i a l remem

bra n c e a t t h e h a n d s o f C a lc utta as t he p i o n ee r o f ship
buildi ng a t C a l c utt a t he a rc hi t ec t o f Fo rt W i l li a m in its
,

fi n a l s t a ges a n d t he ma ke r o f t he R ed Ro a d a n d O l d Conn
,

H o use S treet a n d t he s urro un di ng E s pl a n a d e .

Th e o ri g i n a l p l a ce o f a pp o i n t men t , Pea rse t ell s us ,

w as

ve ry i mp ro pe r fo r t he bus i n es s : it w as t he ro a d l ea ding
to Alip o r e at t he r
c os s ng it t h ro ug h a d o uble ro w of
i of

t rees th a t fo r merly h a d been a w a l k o f Bel ved e re g a rden

”
on t he w es ter n s id e o f t he h o us e Th e r o a d i s of .

c o ur se t he mod er n A li po re R o a d w hi c h s t i l l s k i rt s the
,

w es t e r n w a ll o f B elv ed ere : a n d a few t rees m a y y et be

I n h er a d mira ble ed i t ion of Wa rren Has tin gs ’

let t ers t o h i s wife .

”
Sy d n ey Gri er n o t es t h a t li ke so ma n y of hi s c on t em p ora ries .

Pea rse married an In dia n la d y : a n d s he a dds o n th e a ut h o ri ty ot

Colo n el Hugh P ea rse ( t h e biogra ph er o f t he Hea rs ey s ) t h a t a
a t h is n a med Moh ammed , w as ed uca t ed
, a t Ha rro w . b ut dis

a pp ea red from view a f t er l ea vi ng t h e sc h oo l.

882 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

rd s t r us t w o r t hy t r a di t i o n p o i n t t o a n o th e r l o ca lity
’

co or .

D r B us t eed is i n c li n ed t o t hi n k t h a t t he c o mp o un d O f X
.

5 Ali po re R o a d ( t h e h o us e a t t he j unc ti o n w i t h Ali nrr

, p
L a n e w hi c h goes by t he n a me O f D ilkh us h a ) h o lds nee :

i t s n o r t he r n bo un d a ry t h e s i t e o f t he memo r a ble d uel . B:

w e ma y t a k e l ea v e t o d o ubt w h et h er t he l oc a t io n i s n o t i n

fa r t o t he so uth a n d w h et h er t he s p o t is n o t ra th e r w hen
,

t he s ep o y h o s pit a l n o w s t a nd s t o t h e n o rt h o f ‘V o o dl ams
‘
.

As s o o n a s t he s uit a bl e pl a c e w a s se l ec t ed t h e p i s t o ls wee ,

l o a d ed : a n d C o l o ne l Pea rs e fi n di n g t he g e n t l e me n w
bo t h un a c q ua i n t ed w ith t he mo d es us ua lly o b s e rved
”
th es e occ a si o n s too k t he li be rt y t o tell t h e m t h a t if th
,
r

w o uld fi x th ei r di s t a n ce it w a s t he bus i n es s O f t h e s eemi

,

t o mea s ure it . W a t so n r ec o mmen d ed fo urt e e n pa ce

H a s t i n g s w ho w a s ev id en t ly i n a fig hti ng mo o d , O bs erve:

t h a t i t w a s a g r ea t di s t a n c e fo r p i s to l s b ut a s n o act s;
!
O bj ec ti o n w a s ma d e by h i m \V a t so n mea s ured a n d Pears
,

c o un ted F r a n c i s g o t i n t o p o s i t i on t w i c e a n d t h e n cl v
. ,

co v e re d th a t h i s po w d e r w a s d a m p. H a s t i n g s
“
ca r ..

d o w n fro m h is p res en t t o g i v e h is ri v a l t i me t o rec ti fv k

pri mi n g a n d P ea rs e s uppli ed h im w i t h a fres h c h a rg e fre
,

a c a r t ridge . Aga i n t he gent l emen t o o k t h e i r s ta né

bo t h pres en t ed t og et h er a n d M r F ra n c i s fi red
,
. . M
H a s ti ngs did t he s a me a t t he di s t an ce O f t i m e e q ua l to
c o u n ti n
g o f o n e t
,
w o t h
, r ee di s ti n c tly ,b u t n o t g rea ter

r i
F a n c s bu e
’
ll t w hi z z ed b y t h e G o v e r no r G e
-
n e r a l
’
s e a r,
1 m
”
t h a t fi r ed b y H a s ti n g s t oo k pl a ce ,
e n t e r i n g t h e s :

j us t bel o w t he ri ght s h o uld er a nd l odg i ng i n t h e o ppns

,
'

s id e u n d e r t he l e ft . M r F . r a n c i s s t a gg e r e d a n d in a

p i
t em t n g t o s i t d o w n h e
, f e l l a n d s a id h e w a s a d e a d m 3
:

M r H a s ti ng s i mmedi a t ely w en t up t o h i m a s d i d Coke

.
 BE LV EDERE AN D A L IP O R E . 883

W a t s o n but I ra n t o c a l l t he s erv a n t s
, O n P ea rs e s
.
’

re t ur n I w as a bse n t a bo ut t w o mi n ut es ” h e w rit es ) h e
,

f o un d H a s t i n g s s t a n di ng by F r a n c i s a n d W a t s o u , g o n e
'

t o fet c h a c o t o r p a l a n q ui n fro m B el ved ere t o c a rry h i m

”
t o tow n . A s h eet w a s b ro ug h t a n d w r a p ped ro un d t h e
w o un d by H a s t i n g s a n d h is s ec o n d W e ha d t he s a t i s
.

f a c t i o n t o fi n d i t w a s n o t i n a v i t a l p a r t a n d M r F ra nc i s .

”
a g reed w i t h me i n O pi n i o n a s s o o n a s it w a s men t i o n ed .

P r ev i o us ly h o w ever
,
w hil e M r F r a n c i s w a s lyi ng o n t he
. .

r u d h t ld M r H a t i n s i c o n s eq uen c e O f s o me
g o n , e o s .
g n ,

t h i n g w hi c h h e s a id t h a t h e bes t k ne w ho w it a ff ec t ed h is
,

a ff a i r s a n d t h a t he h a d bet t e r t a k e c a re o f hi ms elf t o w hi c h

M r H a s t i n g s a n s w ered t h a t h e h o p ed a n d beli ev ed t h e
.

w o un d w a s n o t mo r t a l b ut t h a t if a n y un fo r t un a te a c c id en t
,

s h o uld h a pp en it w a s h is i n t en t i o n i mmedi a t ely t o s ur

,

”
re n d e r hi ms elf t o t he S h e ri ff U po n t h e a rri v a l O f
.

\ V a t s o n w i t h a c o t t he w o un d ed ma n w a s pl a c ed upo n it
,
.

P ea rs e ha d o ff e red t o a t t en d hi m t o t o w n in my c a r ri a ge .
,

a n d M r H a s t i n g s urged h i m t o g o
. a s my c a rri a g e w a s
,

re m a rk a bly ea s y F r a n c i s ag reed a n d
. t h er efo re w h en ,

t h e c o t c a me w e pr oc ee d ed t o w a rd s t h e c h a ri o t but w e re
, ,

s t o p p ed by a d eep br o a d di t c h o v er w hi c h w e c o uld n o t
, ,

c a r ry t he c o t : fo r t hi s r ea s o n M r F r a n c i s w a s c o n v ey ed
.

’
t o B el v ed er e . D r B us t ee d s g l o s s upo n t h es e d et a il s is
.

”
f ull o f i n t er es t .The d uelli s t s he w ri t es
, o n fi rs t ,

a rri v i ng d r o v e up t o t h e pl a c e o f a ppo i n t men t “ h y t h en

'

, .

n o t t a k e t he c o t ba c k i n t o t h e ma i n r oa d t o t h e c h a ri o t

b y t h e w a y a l o n g w hi c h C o l o n el Pea rs e h a d go n e a n d
r e t urn ed so q ui c kly ? Th e s up pos i t i o n th a t oc c ur s t o me is
t hi s t h ey pr o ba bly t h oug h t it p r ud en t t o c a rry t he w o un d ed

m a n a s li t t e i n t he c a rri a ge a s t hey c o uld a s t h e c o t mus t

‘
,
884 CA CL UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

h a ve bee n ea s i er fo r h i m : t h ey th ere fo re di r ec t e d t he
c a rri a g e t o g o o n t o w a rd s t he Alip o r e
( Z e erut ) B ri dge ,

mea n i n g t o t a k e a s h o rt a n d di a go n a l c ut a c ro s s c o un t ry
w i t h t h e c o t an d p i c k up t h e ca rri a g e a t t h e B e l v ed ere

s id e o f t he brid g e : s o t h ey proc eed ed t h ro ug h t h e lo w

ma r s hy g ro un d i n t he di rec t i o n o f t he p res en t H e rm i ta ge
c o mp o un d a n d t he Z oo l og i c a l ga rd en s t ill t h e y w e r e p ulled
,

up by a de ep w a t er c o ur s e a v ery li k ely t hi n g t o me et in
,

t h e h ei g h t o f t he r a i n y s e a s o n Th ere t h ey h a d t o re t ra ce
.

t h ei r s t ep s a n d fi n a lly eme rge by t he c ros s ro a d s i n t o t he

,
-

ma i n ro a d w h ere t h ey h a d fi rs t a s s embl ed
,
F r a n c i s w as
.

proba bly in muc h pa i n a n d w ea kn es s by t h i s t i me , a n d w a s

c oun s ell ed t o g i ve up t h e id ea o f go i n g i n to t o w n but to ,

ma ke fo r th e n ea r es t p o r t B el v ed ere
, .

I f w e bea r in mi n d t h a t by ma i n ro a d D r B us t eed .

I S r e fe rri n t t h A lip o r e R oa d a n d t he e n t r a n c e a v a i ls:

g o e -

l ea di ng t o B el ved e re fro m t he Z eerut B ridg e w e s h a l l see ,

ho w c o mpl et ely t he p i c t ure a c c o rd s w i t h t h e d e t a i l s g i ven

i n t he ma p o f 1 7 80 . The c ro s s r o a d is o f c o urs e the
pro l o n ga t i o n o f t he Alipo re R o a d t o w a rd s t he n o rt h w est -

w hic h w e h a ve a lr ea dy n o t i c ed t o be re pr es en t ed by t he

ro a d t hro ug h t he o bse rv a t o ry c o mp o un d As reg a rds the .

pl a c e t o w hi c h F ra n c i s w a s c o n v ey ed H a s t i n g s w ri titg
,

his w ell k n o w n a c c o un t o f t h e d uel t o hi s w i fe o n the

-

Th ur s d a y mo r n i n g up o n w hi c h i t t oo k pl a c e c o rro bo ,

ra t es P ea r s e He i s a t Bel v ed ere a n d D rs C a mpbell .

a n d F ra n c i s , t he o n e t h e S urgeo n Gene r a l a t t he P res i

-

’
d en ey a n d t he o t h er H a s t i ngs o w n s urgeo n
, a re gone ,

”
t o a tt e n d h i m t h e r e
’
. B ut F r a n c i s o w n a cc o un t o f the
ma t t er i s di s c rep a n t a n d a t fi r s t s i gh t i n t r od uc e s a n
,
886 L U TTA
CA C O L D AN D N E W .

i i t me
v s O n t h e 1 8t h he rec o rd s t h a t
.
“
i n t hes e t w o
d a y s t he p a i n I h a ve s uffered w a s v e ry c o n s i d e ra b l e
. t he

n e x t da
y t h e r
,
e i s t hi s e n t ry d e s i r e C o l o n e l V V a t s o n t o

t e ll M r H a s t i n g s a s c i v illy a s po s s i bl e t h a t I a m fo rced
.

t o d ec li n e h is v i s i t a nd o n t he 24t h h e i s s uffi c i en tly

rec o vered t o ret ur n t o C a l c ut t a Thi s l a s t e n t ry oh

.
.

s e rv es D r B us t eed s uffi c i en t ly di s pro ves t h e o l d s t o rr

.
,

s o o f t en t o ld i n C a l c ut t a t h a t M rs E ll e rt o n t h e m o t h er
.
,

in la w o f B i s h o p C o rri e re me mbered s eei n g F r a n c i s i n a

-
,

p a l a n q ui n c ro s s i n g o ve r t he b ridg e a t To lly s N ul l a h '

all

”
bl o o dy fro m t he d uel S he ma y h a ve s een h i m a t t he
.

B el v ede re s id e but t h e re w o uld h a v e been v e ry li t t l e b l ood

,

t o s ee a s t he s h eet bo und r o un d hi m w o ul d h a v e efl ee
'

t ua lly c o n c ea l ed a n y bl eedi n g fro m a bull et w o un d

- -
T h ere .

is s o met hi n g v ery c h a ra c t eri s t i c a bo ut H a s t i n gs c o n d uc t '

”
d uri n g t hi s s illy a ff a i r a s he d es c ri be s it in a l e t t e r to
,
’
P e a rs e s c o rres po n d en t a n d h is o w n fri en d L a w re nc e ,

S uli va n In t h a t l et ter i t i s t r ue he a ff ec t s t o t rea t t he

.
, ,

ma t t e r li g h t ly l h a v e be en a s h a med he w ri t e s t ha t

I h a ve been a n a c to r i n it a nd I d ec l a re t o y o u upon
,

my h o n o ur t h a t s uc h w a s my s en s e o f it a t t h e t i me ,

t h a t I w a s muc h di s t urbed by a n o ld w o m a n w h os e

c uri o s i t y pro mp t ed h e r t o s t a n d by a s s p ec t a t re s s of a

s c en e s o li t t l e c o mpr e h e n d ed b t h n a t i ve s o f t h i s a rt
y e p
o f t he w o rld a n d a t t r a c t ed o t h e rs o f t h e s a me s t a m p f ro m
,
”
t he a dj a c en t v ill a ges t o p a rt a k e i n t he en t ert a i n m e n t .

"
B ut i f he w a s di s t ur bed he did n o t s h o w i t
, Mr . .

”
H a s t i ngs w e a re t o ld by P ea r s e
, s ee med t o be in a
,

s t a t e o f s uc h p erfec t t r a n q uilli t y t h a t a s ec t a t o r w o uld

p
n o t h a v e s upp o s ed t h a t h e w a s a bo ut a n a c t i o n o ut o f t he

c o m mo n c o ur s e o f t hi n s T w rd h i p o n en t h e w a s
g o a. s s o p
 BE LV ED ERE AN D A L IP O R E .

s c r up ul o us ly fa i r h eld his fi r e un t il he w a s rea dy but

a nd

h i s r e m a rk a bo ut t h e fo ur t een p a ce s his o bj ec t i o n t o t h e ,

”
t fi r s t s el ec t ed a s it w a s f ull o f w eeds a n d d a rk a nd
s
p o ,

h i s d e l i be r a t i o n i n di s c h a rg i n g h is pi s t o l c l ea rly s h o w ,

t h a t h o w ev e r m uc h he w a s a s h a med o f t he p a r t h e w a s

p l a y i n
g ,
h e w a s d et e r m i n ed t o do ex ec ut i o n .

T o t he s o ut h of B el ved er e a re t h e g a rd en s of t he Ag ri
H o r t i c ul t ur a l S o c i et y . h r ha s been
At t h e en t ra n c e t e e

p l a c e d a fi n e bus t by J C Lo u g h o f .D r W. illi a m C a r ey .
,

t h e f a mo us S er a mp o r e mi s s i o n a ry ( 1 7 6 1 1 834) by w h o m t h e -

S o c i e t y w a s f o un d ed in 1 820 Th e bus t fo r merly s t o o d

.

i n t h e v es t i bul e o f t he M et c a lfe H a ll but o n t he remo v a l ,

o f t h e S o c i et y s h ea dq ua r t e r s f r o m t h e g r o und fl oo r o f t h e
’
-

H a ll i n 1 903 it w a s t ra n s fe rred t o it s pres en t p o s i t i o n .

T h e Soc i et y pos s es s es i n a ddi t i o n po rt r a i t s i n oil s o f Si r

E d w a rd R y a n S i r L a w r e n c e P ee l a n d M es s r s A G r o t e
i
, ,
. .

a nd ] . A Cr a w f o rd a ll fo r me r Pr es ide n t s o f t he S oc i et y
.
,
.

T h e r e is a l s o a s ma ll but un iq ue p o rt r a it in c h a l k o f C o l o n el
R o bert Kyd t h e pro j ec t o r a n d fo und e r o f t h e R o y a l
,

B o t a n i c G a rd e n w h o di ed in 1 7 93
,
It i s i n a n ex c ell en t .

s t a te o f pr ese r v a t i o n t h o ug h up w a rd s o f 1 00 y ea r s o ld .

U n h a ppily t h e r e is n o t a t t he di s po s a l o f t he S oc i et y a n y
,

s ui t a bl e ro o m i n w hi c h t h es e i n t e res t i n g pi c t ure s c a n be

di s pl a yed : a n d a s ma t t er s n o w s t a n d t hey a re n o t a v a il
a bl e fo r p ubli c i n s p ec t i o n It is p erh a p s n o t t o o muc h
.

t o h ope t h a t a rr a n g emen t s ma y be p o s s i bl e fo r t he d ep o s i t

i n g o f t he c o ll ec t i o n i n t he To w n H a ll o r t he V i c t o ri a
Memori a l H a ll o n l o a n The S oci et y s g a rd ens li k e s o
’
.
,

ma ny ot h e r s po ts i n Alipo re a re c l o s e ly a s s oc i a t ed w i t h
,

t he na me o f W a rr en H a s t i n g s . Th ey oc c upy p a rt o f t h e.
888 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

sev en t y bigga h s l a n d bet w een t he p a d doc k a n d Be

of

ved e re o f w hi c h me n t i o n h a s been ma d e i n a p r e c e di ng

p ag e a n d w hi c h w ere n o t i n c l ud ed i n t h e s a l e o f t he
,

Alipo r e pr o p e r t y eff ec t ed a f t er H a s t i n g s d e pa rt u r e f ro m
’

C a lc ut t a . N o a t te mp t w a s m a d e t o di s po s e o f t h i s p lo t
a n d it w a s g i v en by H a s t i n g s t o h is s t ep s o n J ul i us I m bo fi
,

w h en t he l a t t er s et t led i n I n di a . M rs H a s ti n g s h a d a
. .
:

i s w ell k n o w n t w o s o n s by her fi rs t h us ba n d
,
T h e elder .

S i r Ch a rl es I mh o fl i n h eri t ed D a yl es fo rd a ft e r h i s m o t he r
'

d ea t h i n 1 837 a n d di ed a s rec en t ly a s 1 853

,
H e re c ei ve:
.

a c o mm i s s i o n in t h e B ri t is h a r my a f t e r s e rv i n f o m
g r s o e

ye a rs in o n e o f t h e Pri n c e o f VV a ldec k s R eg i m e n t s a nd
.
’

w a s a ll o w ed w i t h t hr ee o t h e r E n li s h me n t t h
, g o a c c e p ,
t r

i n s i g n i a a n d t i t l e o f a K n i g h t o f t he fo re i g n o r d e r o f St .

J o a c hi m In 1 7 96 he ma rri ed Ch a rl o t t e B l un t t h e d a ugh
.
,

”
t e r o f t he ba n kr up t ba r o n et ,
S i r Ch a rl es Bl un t w h o had ,

c o me o ut t o I n di a a t t h e a e o f 53 t o ma k e a s e c o n d fo rt une
g
a n d di ed w o r t h a t P ul t a
, n ea r B a rra c k p o re in ,

1 802 . Th e y o un g er b ro t h er J uli us kep t up t he fa mil

, ,
y

c o n n ec t i o n bo t h w i t h A lipo re a n d w i t h t he s e rv i c f
e o J o h n

C o mp a n y : a n d a n i n t eres t i n g a c c o un t o f h is c a ree r mat

be fo un d i n a n a p pen di x t o S yd n ey G ri e r s a d mi rable ’

edi t i o n o f H a s t i n g s
’
l et t er s t o h is w ife .I n t h e g ro unds
’ ’
bet w een H a s t i ng s H o us e a n d t he J ud ge s C o urt i s t o he
fo un d t he v a ul t in w hi c h J ul ius Imho fl a n d h i s t h ree c hild
r

ren ,
W illi a m Ch a rl es a n d J o h n lie buri ed
, ,
”
J ulius .

I mh o ff w a s lik e h is br o t h er S i r Ch a rles ed uc a t ed a t West

'

m i n s ter a n d w en t o ut t o I n di a i n 1 788
,
He w a s con
.

fi r med by t he C o urt of D i rec t o r s t w o y ea r s l a t e r in the

n o mi n a t i o n a s w ri t e r w hi c h H a s t i n g s h a d g i v e n h i m and ,

i n 1 7 9 2 w a s a pp o i n t ed s ec o n d a s s i s t a n t t o t h e Co llector
890 CA C L U TTA O LD A N D N ew .

a t t en i h muc h s uc c es s
d ed w t He pro v ed i d l e a n d fic kle .

a n d w a s fr eq uen t ly o ut o f empl o y me n t and h e died

be fo re t he a rri v a l o f t he Let t er s P a t e n t .

In J uli us I mh o ff s h o us e w a s let o r s o l d by hi
1 803
’
s

e x ec ut o r s to Ch a rl es D O l
’
y y t h e s o n o f H a s t i n g s ,
f a i t h ful
’

fri en d S i r J o h n H a dl ey D o yly w ho men t i o n s h is pla

,
* ’
,
~

s ur e i n t h e g ro un d s w hi c h H a s t i n s ha d l a id o ut
g H e b er . .

w ho s t a y ed w i t h h i m a t B a n kip o re s pe a k s o f C h a rles ,

’
D O y ly w h o s uc c eede d h is fa t he r i n t h e ba ro n e t c y i n 1 81 8
,

"
as t he bes t gen tl ema n a r t i s t I ev e r s a w -
H e h a d th .

a d v a n t a g e i n 1 808 o f c o n t i n uo us i n s tr uc t i o n fr o m a verv
,

”
a bl e a r t i s t o f t h e n a me o f Chi n n e ry a n d he a p p e a r s i n the ,

H a s t i n gs c o rres p o nd en c e a s t he s en d er o f v a r io us s ped
me n s o f his s kill n o t ab ly a pi c t ure o f
,
t h e l a r g e b a n nian

t ree a t Alip o o r a n o l d a c q ua i n t a n c e o f y o ur s
,
T h e p resem .

ba r o n et S i r W a rren H a s t i n g s D O yly a n o ld B e n g a l cit i

’
,

li a n is t he g r a nd s o n n o t o n ly o f S i r Ch a rl es b ut o f Johr
, ,

Fen da ll M embe r o f C o un c il fro m 1 820 t o 1 825

,
I n Apr3 .
-
.

1 841 t h e h o us e w a s s o ld t o t he N a w a b N a z i m o f M oor
’

s h ida ba d a n d i s de s c ri bed i n t h e d ee d o f s al e a s h a v i n he r:
, g
fo r merly o c c upi ed by S ir Ch a rles Th eo ph i l us M e t ca lfe .

a ft e r w a rd s o ffic i a t i ng Go v e r n o r G en er a l a nd L i b e ra t or u
-

”
t he I n di a n Pres s Me t c a l fe w a s fro m 1 827 t o 1 834 iv
.

C o unc il a n d w e h a v e t h e fo ll o w i n g a ll us i o n t o h i s life if
,

C a l c ut t a in h is bi o g ra phy by S i r J o h n “ i llia m K a rt
'

Si r J ohn D o y ly ( 1 7 54- 1 81 8) w a s m e mb er fo r I p s w i c h d a m:
’

t h e t ri a l O f Ha s t i n gs . Hi s w i fe D i a n a R oc h fo rt , w as a n iece c
‘

R o b ert R o c h fo rt , l s t E a rl of B el v ed ere S h e d i ed a t C h el t en h m

1 803 w h en S i r J ohn ret urn ed t o I n di a . Ha v e w e in h er t i t le on

t h e n a me o f t h e L i eut en a n t - G o v ern o r s res i d e n c e

'
c l ue t o
 BE LV E D ERE AN D A L IP O R E . 89 !

D uri n g t h e fi rs t y ea rs of hi s
res id en c e a t t he Pres id en c y ,

fi e oc c upi ed a h o us e o n t h e ba n k s o f t h e ri ve r a t G a rd en

R e a c h He s ubs eq uen t ly remov ed to Alip o re a mo re i n l a n d

.
,

s ub urb Thro ug h o ut a ll t hi s pe ri o d he en li v en ed C a l c ut t a
.

w i t h ma g n i fi c en t h o s pi t a li t y His h o us e a t Ali po re w a s
.

surr o und e d by s p a c i o us p a rk li k e g r o un d s -
a n d a t e a rly ,

n o r n i n g h e mi g h t s o met i mes be s een ridi n g i n t o p bo o t s -

,

an a rti c l e o f eq uip men t i n w hi c h he a l w a y s r ej o i c ed o n a ,

) l um p w hi t e h o r s e w i t h a g r oo m up o n e i t h er s id e o f hi m .

In J a n ua ry 1 864 t he pro p er t y w a s s o ld by t h e N a w a b
, ,

N a z i m t o S i r C ec il Hea d o n w ho h a d t he h o us e di s ma n tl ed
, ,

an d i n 1 86 7 a n d 1 868 s o ld p o r t i o n s o f i t t o t he S ec r et a ry o f

St a t e . O f t hi s s o me w a s a dd ed t o t he g ro un d s o f B el
e d e r e a n d t h e r e ma i n d er h a s n o w p a s s ed i n t o p o s s es s i o n
,

) f t h e Ag ri H o r t i c ul t ur a l S o c i et y
-
.

Th e hi c h li es i m medi a t ely t o t he s o ut h o f t he
ro a d w

rd ns w a s a t o n e t i me c a ll ed L o v e La n e (s a y s M r
g a e .

Buc kl a n d i n h is Be n g a l un d e r t h e Li eut en a n t Go v e r -

a t t h e s pec i a l re q ues t o f a C o ll e c t o r o f t h e Tw en t y
’
1
lol S

Fo ur P erg un n a h s w h o ha d w ooed a n d w o n h is w ife t h er e ,

) ut t h e n a me h a s v a n i s h ed a n d t he w h o l e o f t h e r o a d
,

e
n c i rc li n g t h e g a rd e n s a n d B el v e de re i t s elf is s t yl ed B el

f ed e r e R o a d .

C o n t i n ui n g d o w n t he Alip o re R o a d t o w a rd s t h e s o ut h ,

we fi n d o u r s e l v es a t i t s j un c t i o n w i t h A li p o r e L a n e o n t he

a nd J ud ge s C o ur t R o a d o n t he E a s t I f w e w a lk
’
.

’
l
do w n t he a t t e r r oa d a nd l e a v e t h e J ud g e s C o u rt o n o u r

ig h t
'

,
w e s h a ll c o me upo n t he en c l o s ur e w hi c h hid es

ro m v i e w t h e H as t i n g s H o us e o f w hi c h w e h a ve been
’
'

t ea ri n s o muc h i n o ur e x c ur s i o n s upo n B el v ed e r e O f
g .
892 m a c ur m O LD AN D s a w .

t he a c t ua l hi s h o us e w i t h “ a rre n H a s t i ngs
i
'

c o n n ec t o n o f t .

t h ere c a n be n o d o ubt I t is i nd i c a t ed a s w e h a v e s een i

.
t

t he ma p o f 1 780 w hi c h w e h a v e been co n s ul t i n g a nd th
, ,
'

d a t e o f i t s c o n s tr uc t i o n i s o rdi n a rily s et d o w n a s 1 77 “

M a c ra bie t he b ro t h e r i n l a w a nd S ec ret a ry o f F ran ci

,
- -
s ,

w ri t es i n Febr ua ry 1 7 76 C o l o n el M o n s o n d i n ed w i th I
, ,
n

i n t he c o un t ry a ft e r di n n e r w e w a lk ed o v e r t o t h e C o n
’
n o r s n ew buil t h o us e Ti s a pr et t y t o y b ut v e rv s m
’
'

a
.

’
t ho a i ry a n d l o ft y Tho s e mil k w h i t e b ui l d i n g s with
.
-

s mo o t h s hi n y s urfa c e ut t e rly bli n d o ne T h e co m r . a

s h o w s t h a t M a c ra bie c a n n o t be s pea ki n g o f B e l v e de re f
f
,

a s w e ha v e seen t h a t w a s i n n o s en s e a ne w b uil t h o us i -
,

a t t he t i me His re fe ren c e m us t be t o H a s ti n g s H oue

’
s
.

a n d i t i s mo re t h a n li k ely t h a t i t i s t he pe rfec t b ijo u

M rs Fa y s d es c rip t i o n
.
’
Th a t l a dy ma d e h e r v i s i t w r
.

s h o r t ly a f t e r her a rri v a l i n C a l c ut t a i n 1 780 a s s h e hersr ,

s t a t es , a n d t h e c o n f us i o n w a s n a t ur a l I n a n y c a se it .
,

t he pr o p e r t y w hi c h fo r ms t he s ubj ec t o f Lo t 2 i n t h e si

a d v e rt i s e men t o f 1 7 85 M i s s K a t hl een B lec h y n d e n i n th

'

c h a t t y boo k upo n O ld C a l c ut t a w hi c h s h e h a s l a t e ly pt

i
l s h ed ,
q uot es w i t hi n i n v er t ed c o mma s t he fo l lo si : w s I -

e x t r a c t t he s o ur c e o f w hi c h s h e d oes n o t i n d i c a t e I t is n
"
.
,

c o n t a i n ed in D r B us t eed s a r t i c l e o n O ld \ lip
’
. .

H o us es i n t he E n g li s h ma n fo r M a y 27t h 1 89 2 t o a h , ,
a
"

r efe ren c e h a s j us t been ma de but it is o bv i o us l y t he m ,

v

o f a c a r ef ul o bs e rv e r o n t he s p o t a n d c a n n o t b e o mit t ,
r .

fro m a n y di s c us s i o n o f t he s ubj ec t Th e des c ri p t i on .

t he upp er r o o me d h o us e i n Lo t 2 c o rr es po n d s w i t h t r
‘
-

c e n t re p o r t i o n o f H a s t i n g s H o us e w hi c h i s a l l t h a t ex i s
’
,
t .

i n H a s t i n g s t i me— t h e l i t t l e h o us e w hi c h s ee me d t o Mrs
’

”
Fa v a p rf t ij
e e c b o u T h e s t o n e s t a i r c a s e s t i ll s t a rc
.
-l
8 94 CA C L UTTA O LD A N D N E W .

f ro m th e r
en t a nc e t Fo r C a l c ut t a t ra d i t i o n c on nert
-
g a e .
~

H a s t i n g s H o use w i t h a fa mo us gh os t s t o ry
’
It i s saw
‘

t h a t t he g r ea t Go ve r n o r G en er a l d ri v es up t h e a venu
-

e v e ry ev en i n g in a c o a c h a n d fo ur a n d u o n a l i ht ir
p g s

w a lk s t hr o ug h t he h o us e i n ev id en t s ea rc h so m
’
of e

thi n g by w hi c h h e l a y s c o n s id er a bl e s t o re A c urio us C r . t

r o bo ra t i o n o f t he s t o ry i s f ur n i s h ed by a l e tt er free
H as t i n gs t o h is g rea t fri en d a n d l a t e Pri v a t e S e c ret an .

N e s bi t t Th o mp s o n i n C a l c ut t a w hi c h i s d a t e d t h e 215
, ,

J uly 1 7 85 a n d is referred t o i n t he v o l ume o f G leig

, ,

bi o g r a phy . I t p a i n s me he w ri t es , t o r ec ur t o th a
n

s ubj ec t o f my burea u I h a v e n o t a s yet re c e i v ed an

.

i n t elli g en c e fro m yo u o r L a rki n s a bo ut it Y o u w an t .

”
c o n c ei v e my a n x i et y a bo ut
*
it Th e c o n t e n t s o f :h
.

burea u w er e ev ide n t ly hi g hly pri z ed by H a s ti n g s for e ,

“

S ep t em ber 6 th 1 787 t he fo ll o w i n g a d v e rt i s e me n t rega l c

, ,
-

i n g i t a p pea r s in t he C a lc ut t a Ga z et te “ h e reas f
’

.z

o l d B l a c k W o o d B ur ea u t h e pr o pe r t y o f W a rr e n H a st ins
'

E s q re c o n t a i n i ng a mo n g s t o t h er t hi n g s t w o s m a ll mirab
.
, , ,

t ur e pi c t ur es a n d s o me pri v a t e p a per s w as a bo ut t he t ir ,

o f h is d ep a rt ur e fr o m Be n g a l e i t h e r s t o l en fr o m h i s hoes
,

o n t he E s pl a n a d e o r by m i s t a k e s o ld a t t he a uc i o n o f 1
“
,

eff ec t s : Thi s i s t o g i v e n o t i c e t h a t M r L a r ki n s a n d .

Th o mp so n w ill pa y t he s um o f t w o t h o us a n d s ic ca rupee
t o a n y pe r so n w h o s h a l l g i v e t he m s uc h i nf o rm a t i on

s h a l l e n a bl e t h em t o rec o v er th e c o n t en t s o f t h e b urea u

G eo rge N es bi t t Th o mp so n w a s grea t-gra n d fa t h er o f S i r A ug-

st !

R i v ers Tho mps o n , L i eut en a n t-Go v ern o r o f B en ga l fro m 1 882-15 ?

Th e na me o f W il li a m L a rki n s is p rp et ua t ed i n C a lc ut t a b y a
e m :

w hi c h run s fro m Old Co urt Ho use S t reet t o W el les l ey P l a c e .

 BE L V ED E R E AN D L
A IP O R E . 895

The l o s s s eems n ever to h a v e been ma d e go od a n d it is

i mpo s s i bl e n o t t o t r a ce s o me c on n ec t i o n bet w een it a n d t h e
h s t ly v i s i t s s o c o n s t a n t ly p a id b y H a s t i n g s t o h is o ld
g o

h a un t s a t Alipo re S o me t i me in t he ea rly p a rt o f 1 87 6
.
,

c e r t a i n p a p er s o f h is w e re d is c o v e red h o w ever in t he a r
, ,

c h i ves o f t he I n d i a o ffi c e C a n t h ese h a ve been a po r t i o n

.

o f t h e my s t eri o us c o n t en t s o f t he mi s s i ng bur ea u?

A s w e w a lk ba c k t o Alipo re R o a d up t he
’
J udg e s C o urt
R o a d w e ma y o c c upy o ur s el ves w i t h me mo ri es o f a n o t h e r
,

o l d w o rld ro ma n c e w hi c h s t a n d s c l o s ely a s s o c i a t ed w i t h
-

A l i p o re .

The f a mo us M a d a m G r a n d li v ed w i t h her n ew ly ma rri ed -

h us ba n d a t a red g a rd en h o us e a s h o rt di s t a n c e fro m t h e
-

”
tow n , w hi c h t r a di t i o n pl a c es i n t he mo d ern Ali po r e l a n e -

a n d it w a s hi t h e r t h a t G r a n d h u r r i ed o n t h e n i g h t o f D e c

e m be r t h e 8t h i n 1 7 7 8 w h en n ew s w a s b r o ugh t t o h i m a t

B a rw ell s s uppe r t a b le t h a t
’
- M r F ra n c i s w a s c a ught i n
.

my h o u s e a n d s e c u r e d b y ym j e m a d a r . G r a n d h a d l e ft t h e

bu g n a l o w ,
t h e h a ppi e s t m a n a s h e th o u g ht hi m s e lf t o

s up w i t h B a r w e ll ,
w h o w a s i n t h e h a b it o f e n t e rt a i n i ng his
i T
’
m e n f ri e n d s e v e ry f o r t n i g h t a t L e G a l l a s a v e r n
“
i n

tow n
”
. S c a r ce ly h a d h e s a t d o w n w h e n a m e s se n g e r
r h
b o ug t t h e n e s w t h a t C o u nc i ll o r F r a n c i s w h o li v e s b e

h i d t h pl yh u
”
h a d b e e n s u rpri s e d i n h is w ife s
’
r o o m
e a
o s e .
n

m
’

He r us h e d fr o t h e t a b le a n d c a ll e d u p o n H a s t i n g s

i y
M i l t a r Sec e a y r t r M
, a j o r W illi a m P a l m e r ( t h e f a t h e r o f
P
J o h n a me the l r ,
Pri n c e o f M e r c h a n t s t o r e q u e s t t h e

us e o f h i s s w o rd a n d h i s a i d a s a fri e n d . T h e M a j o r
m a n i e d h i m t o h i s h o u s e a t A lip o r e w h e r e th e y f o u n d
a cc o p
M r S ee e.
h h ld d o w n o n a c h a ir i n a l o w e r a p a rt m e n t b
,
e g
896 CA L C U TTA O LD A N D N E W .

g gi n t h e s e r v a n t s fo r r e l e a s e w, i t h M r. S h o r e ( a ft erw a rd s

L o rd Teig n mo ut h a n d Go ver n o r Ge n e ra l ) a n d M r Arch - .

d eki n j o i n i ng in t h e en t rea t y The j ema d a r d ec la red that

.

he h a d s ei z ed M r F ra n c i s . t o me e t t he v eng ea n c e of his

ma s t e r a s h e c a me o ut o f M a d a m s a p a rt me n t
’
but that
S h ee a n d t he o th er g en t l ema n h a d upo n a l o ud w hi stle
fro m F r a nc i s sea le d t he w a l l a n d r us h ed i n w it h t he result ,

t h a t t he c hi ef c ulpri t h a d esc a pe d d uri n g t he s c uffl e w hich

h a d e n s ued .S h o re h o w ev er a cc o un ted mo r e h o n o ura blv

, ,

fo r h is pr es en c e in s uc h a mid n ig h t s c en e by s a y i ng that
h e a n d A rc h dek in w ere in t he h o us e O ppo s i t e w h i c h belong
ed t o M r B uc a rc l w h en S h ee a pp ea l ed t o t h e m t o co me in
.
,

a n d pre v en t t h e ir fri en d M r F r a nc i s fr o m be i n g murder

. ed .

G ar n d o rd e r e d t h e r e l e a s e o f t h e i n tr u d e r s a n d w i th o u t

M m d
’

se e i n g h i s w if e r e t u r n e d t o a j o r P a l e r s w h e r e se a te

o n a c h a i r bo rn e d o w n w i t h t he d eep es t g ri e f
,
he ao

x io us ly a w i
a te d t h e m o r n i n g . T h e n i g h t o v e r h e ,
w r o te

t o t he un doer o f my h ppi a n e s s t o d e m a n d s a t i f
s a c ti o n

Th e e r ply w a s l a c o n i c a n d e a s y i t w a s c o u c h e d o n t h w

r m h t i u f h a v i d o n e m e n o i n j u ry a nd
t e s ,
t a c o n sc o s o n g ,

k n o w i n g t h a t I l a bo ure d un d e r a c o mp l ete mi s t a ke he ,

begg e d l e a v e t o d e c li n e t h e pr o p o s e d i n v i t a ti o n a n d
,
th a t
"
h e h a d the h o n o ur t o r em a i n my mo s t o bedi en t et c etc ,
.
,
.

a t temp t t o t a ke F ra n c i s bl ood , G ra n d
’
B a fii ed i n h is was

mo re s uc c es s uf l i n s ec u ri n g s a t i s f a c ti o n o f a m o r e su b

s t a n t ia l n a t u r e . A n a c t i o n i n t h e s u pr e m e c o u rt fo llo w ed .

a nd w a s t ri e d b y t hr e e J u d g e s I m ,p ye Hyd , e a n d Ch a m b ers .

J ud g men t w a s de li v ered a g a i ns t F r a n c i s t he co urt holding ,

t h a t a l t h o ug h n o g uil t h a d been s ubs t a n ti a t ed t he w rong ,

d o n e t o G r a n d by i n j uri n g his w i fe s rep uta ti o n s hould be

’
898 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D mm .

ber, 1 900, a nd much Of w ha t

fo ll ow s w ill be bo rru d
fro m th ei r w o rd s I t mus t be s a i d a t t he o utset in defenc
.
,

o f th e l a dy t h a t F ra nc i s a l w a y s l a i d s tres s o n h er st ead»
,

i mpl a ca bility t o hi s a d v a n ces : a n d mai nt a i n ed t o t he les

t h a t a l t h o ug h a l o ver he ha d n o t been a s uc ce s s ful on:

Th is w a s mo reo ver th e v i ew t a k en by o n e o f t he j U dgES Z

, ,

t he t ri a l : a n d it is i mpos s i bl e t o beli ev e th a t C ha mben

mea n t o t h erw i s e th a n h o ne s tl y w h en he w ro te t hat i:

h a d n ever h ea rd o f a n a d v e r s e j udg men t bei ng g it en ce -

s uc h i n s uffi c ien t ev id enc e The S uppo s i t i o n a lso we

.

F ra n c i s c o uld h a v e been es c o rt ed t o a meeti n g o f t he m

by a reti n ue o f t he bes t k n ow n men i n C a lc utt a is ban I -t
,

c redi ble . Ma d a m G ra n d mus t ha ve been mo re sinned

a ga i n s t t h a n s i n n i n g t o h a v e r ec ei v ed i n h er ri versid e

r etrea t a t H ooghly t he v i s i t s o f W h ele r a me mber a! ,

Co un c il a n d O f L a dy Ch a m bers th e es s en c e o f respect ,

a bility ,
w h o n ev er t oo k a n y s t ep w i t h o ut fi rs t co ns ulfin;

her h us ba n d a n d w ho a s t o n i s h ed C a l c ut ta s oc i ety by dedic

in g a ll i n v it a t i o n s w hil e h e w a s ill a n d s t a yi n g a t h ome t n

n ur s e h i m The muc h t emp ted c hild w ife s a y s \l

'
. .

C o t t o n i s s urely en t i t l ed t o o ur s y mp a thy an d c o mmisera

t ion . Ac c o rdi n g t o t h e ev ide n ce a t t he tri a l G ra n d wert ,

o ut ev ery Tues d a y even i n a n d l f t h i w i f l t ad

g e s e a o n e o re

o r pl a y w ith h er a y a h Th e rea d e r w ill be i nc li ned to

.

a g r ee w i t h t h e F ren c h ma n w h o w r o t e To ut e la scieno:
d u bon h eur es t ren fe r mée d a n s n u s eul mo t et cc mot ,

es t occ up a t i o n La v ie la pl us occ upée es t la mains

.

ma lh eure us e .

are beli ev e G ra n d
’
If we to s a cco un t , he neve r set eye

on h is w ife a ga n . i I mmedi a tely aft e r t he tri a l ,

he was
 BE LV E D ER E AN D L
A IP O R E . 899

a d v i s ed by t h o se fri en d s w ho d eeply felt fo r h im t o c h a nge

,

t he a ir, a n d be ex c h a n g ed a ppo i n t men t s w ith t he H ea d

C o mmerc i a l As s i s t a n t t o t he f a c t o ry a t P a t n a . W hil e in
B eh a r he s eems t o h a v e s p en t s o me o f F r a n c i s s ic c a s i n
’
,

f o un di ng a n i n di go en t e rpri s e : but h e did n ot n egl ec t t h e

i n t eres t s o f t he C o mp a n y A n umbe r O f let t er s w ritten by
.

hi m o n rev en ue ma tt er s be t w een 1 783 a n d 1 787 w ere ( s a y s

D r B us teed o n t he a ut h o ri t y o f S ir H en ry C o tto n ) th o ugh t
.

w o r t hy o f rep ubli c a t i o n by S i r G eo rge C a mp bell in a

v o l ume r e l a ti n
g t o c e rt a i n p e ri o d s o f f a m i n e in I nd i a H i s .

i n di go c o nc ern s br o ught h im i n to tro ubl e a t a la t er d a t e a n d

h e w a s remo v ed fro m t he s e rv i ce B ut h e did n o t l ea v e
.

I n di a un t il 1 7 98 Amo n g his fell o w p as sengers w a s a

.

M a h o me da n o f di s ti n c t i o n M i rz a Aboo Ta li b Kh a n w h o
,

h a s le ft a di v er t i ng p en pi c t ur e o f h im A M r G ra n d .

w a s in th e n ex t c a bi n a v ery p as s i o n a t e a n d del i c a t e ge n t l e
,

”
ma n . A s t o r m o v ert a ki n g t h em M r G ra n d w ho w a s
o f a n en o r m
.
,

o us s i z e a n d w h o s e c ab i n w a s s epa r a t ed fr o m

m i n e o n ly by a c a n v a s pa r t i t i o n fell w it h a ll h i s mi gh t
,

up o n my br ea s t a n d h urt me ex c es s i vely : w h a t ren d ere d

t h i s c ir c ums t a n c e t h e mo r e p ro v o ki n g w a s th a t i f by

a n y a c c id en t t he s ma ll es t n o i s e w a s ma d e i n my a p a rt men t

h e w o uld c a ll o ut w i t h a ll th a t o v e rbea ri ng i n s ol en c e w hi c h
c h a r a c t eri z e s t he v ul g a r p a rt o f t h e E n g li s h i n t h eir c o n

d uc t o f o ri en t a l s w h a t a re yo u a bo ut ? yo u w o n t let me
t

,
’

H
’
e t a w i n k o f s l eep a n d uc h o th e r r u d e r e s i o
g , s e x
p s n s e .

f a i l ed t o get redres s fro m t he D irec t o r s a n d i n J un e 1 802

w e fi nd h im in P a ri s w h ere h i s fo mer w ife fro m w h o m
, r
h e ha d been di v o rc ed fo ur y ea r s pr ev i o us ly w a s m o v i ng i n ,

t h e fi r s t c irc l es o f fa s hi o n a bl e s oc i et y a n d i n h a bi t i n g th e

s pl en did c h a t ea u O f N eui ll y Ho w ha d s he c ome th er e ?

.
900 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

The re i s a pro v o ki ng g a p i n her c a reer w h i c h fo rbi ds a

s a t i s f a c t o ry reply D r B us t eed h a s inv es tig a t ed the
. .

q ues t i o n o f t he d a t e O f M a d a m G ra n d s d e p a rt ure from ’

I nd i a w i t h his us ua l dili gen c e a n d p a i n s t a ki n g a c c ura cy ,

a n d t h ere c a n be n o d o ubt a s he s a y s
, th a t t he fo ll o w ing
,

p a r a g r a ph in Hic ky s B en g a l Ga z et te fo r D ec em ber 2nd

’
, .

1 7 80 r efe rs t o t h e fa c t
,
S a mue l To lfry E s q r ( o ne of .
,

F r a n c i s a t t o rne y s i n t he t ri a l ) h a s emba rk ed f o r E urope

’

w i t h a f o r t un e o f t hr ee l a c k s o f r upees : he i n t e n d s pro

c eed i n g fro m C el o n ( s ic ) o r Co ri n ga i n t he D ut c h s h i p t ha t

c a rri es h o me M rs G . (1 F r a n c i s hi mse l f d id n o t ac
.

c o mp a n y h er
. He l ef t I n di a a c c o rdi n g t o o n e d
,

H a s t i n gs l et t er s o n D ec embe r 3rd 1 780 h a v i n g first

’

, , ,

en g a ged a p a s s a ge i n a D ut c h s hip w hi c h h e h a s l ef t for

”
o n e i n t he Fo x a n d t h e v e ry l a s t e n t ry i n F r a n c i s dia rv
’
,

is o f s i mil a r i mp o r t : 7 t h N o v ember D i s co v e r a t last

.

t h a t it i s i mp o s s i bl e t o go i n t h e D ut c h s hip s o res o lv e to ,

”
t a k e m y p a s s a g e i n t he F o x C a pt a i n B l a c kbur n
, But .

”
un a ut re pr o t ec t eur q ui l emmen a en E uro pe
’
w a s t h ere ,

a s a F re n c h w ri te r fo ll o w i n g Lo rd M a h on
, w o ul d h a v e us
,

beli eve ? The i n di v id ua l n a med by th em is W i lli a m

M a c ki n t o s h s o n o f t h e i n v en to r o f t he w a t erp roo f w ho
, ,

w a s i n I n di a fo r a few mo n t h s in 1 7 7 9 a n d w ro t e a n se

co un t o f h i s i mpres s i o n s : but he l eft t he c o un t ry m

'

Februa ry o f th e fo ll o w i n g y ea r a n d c a n n o t be t he ma n A .

n ew c l a i ma n t h a s l a t ely s t a rt ed u h o w v r i t h
p , e e n e p e rs
,o n

o f Th o ma s Le w i n O f t h e M a d ra s C iv il S e rv i c e a
, bri lliant ,

ma n a n d a fi n e s ed uc t i v e gen t l ema n . In a boo k p ub li s hed

in 1 905 a n d ent itl ed F a mo us W o men o f “ i t a nd
Be a ut y i t i s s t a t ed t h a t Lew i n w a s a fell ow v oy a ger fro m -

I n di a w ith M a d a m G ra n d th a t he l i ved fo r s o me yea rs w ith

,
 L
C A C U TTA O L D A N D N E W .

d a ys B a rr a s Wa s d et in the R eg i me n t de P o n dichery
a ca

a nd w a s t a k en pri s o n e r in 1 7 78 b
y S i r H e c t o r M u n r o a t the

ca pt ure o f P o n di c herry I t is o n rec o rd i n t h e c a pi tula

.

t i o n th a t a t the p a rti c ul a r req ues t o f Gen e ra l de Belle

c o mbe t he F r en c h go v e r n o r Ba rr a s reg i men t w as per

’
, ,

mit t ed t o ret a i n its c o l o urs He w a s a t t h e time a

.

c ha s s eur r a nk i n be l w a s u b li eu t e a t n d o f t he g ra de
g o n n a
-
,

of e l ev es O ffic ers a n d his n a me ma y be s een i n t h e mus ter

ro ll o f p ri s o ne r s un de r th a t d es ig na t i on A f te r t h e fall of .

t he t o w n he bec a me a pri s o n e r o n p a r o l e i n M a d r a s a nd

P oo n a ma lle w hi c h he s pell s P o n t D a ma lé in hi s me mo irs

,
.

The la w o f t he 3rd V en t os e o f th e y ea r I I I des t i ne d h im to

”
ret urn t o I n di a w ith t w o o t h e r c o mmi s s a i r es Le ,

To n n eur de la M a n c h e a n d A rma nd de la M euse : but the

p a r t y n eve r s t a r t ed O n t he 23rd Th e rmi do r O f t h e yea r 1 1
.

B a rr a s ha d been n a med co mma n d a n t Ge n e r a l O f t he a rmies

of P a ri s a n d s i nc e 1 795 he w a s w i eldi ng s ti l l g rea ter
,

p o w er a s o n e o f t he revo l uti o na ry D irec t o rs He fo und

.
‘

hi ms elf a ble t o befri en d M a d a m G ra n d a s s uc ces s fully as

he pro t ec t ed J o s eph B ea uh a r n a i s Th erea fte r un ti l the
.

y ea r 1 802 s he did t he h o n o urs o f Ta l l eyra n d s t a ble a nd

,
’

s a l o n : but w i t h o ut t he ri gh t t o hea r h is n a me The ex .

B i s h o p o f Aut un h a d been i n 1 7 90 l a id un d e r a ba n of
e x c o mm un i c a t i o n by Pi us t he S i x t h w hi c h w a s n o t re
,

mo ved un t i l 1 801 B ut w h en he rec e i v ed t he p a p a l s a nc

.

t i o n t o r et ur n t o s ec ul a r li f e t he s t o ry goes th a t Bo n a pa rt e
,
.

be i n g s c a n d a li z ed a t t he f a c t t h a t h is d e mi o fli c ia l re -

c ep t io n s a s F o reig n M i n i s t e r w ere h eld by M a d a m G rand.

o rd ered a ma rri a g e The ce remo n y w a s pe rfo rmed

.

o n S ep tem be r l ot h 1 802 be fo re t he M a vo r o f t he tenth

, , ,

a rr o n di s s e me n t o f P a ri s a n d t h e o bli i n g G ra n d w ho had
g ,
 BE L V ED E R E AN D A L IP O RE . 903

'

l rea dy c o n s en t e di vo rc e w a s pro v id ed by the

d to a ,

re n c hi fied S t a tes o f t he B a t a v i a n R ep ubli c w i th a n a p

'

O i n t men t a t th e C a pe o f Goo d H o pe a s Pri v y C o unc illo r .

[e re he publi s h ed his memo i r s i n 1 81 4 a n d he re w e ga i n ,

i l i m p se o f hi m i n t h e di a ry o f S ir J a mes
p a s s n g g
[a c k in t os h w ho met h im a t C a pet ow n o n h is w a y h o me
o m Bo mba y
'
He rema rri ed a n d di ed a t th e C a pe o n
.

1 820 Hi s w i fe s s ec o n d ma tri mo n i a l v en t ure

’
t n ua ry 1 7 th , .

a s h a rdly mo re fo rt una t e th a n her fi r s t Aft er t h eir .

a rri a g e t he Tal le yra n d s l i v ed a t N euilly a n d w e re v i s ited

-

r b S i r E lij a h I m pey i m m edi a t el y a ft e r t h e pe a c e o f

te e y
m i ens B ut t he c o upl e s epa r a t ed s oo n a ft er t he ba tt l e
.

W a t e loo , a n d Ma da
r m e l a P ri n c e s se v i s it ed E n g l a n d
r a s eco n d ti me
t W h en in Lo n d o n s he a pp roa c hed t he
.
,

ukte o f W elli ng t o n t o effec t a r ec o nc ili a t i on : but a p

"

t re n tly w i t ho ut s u cces s fo r it i s k n o w n th a t s h e ret urn ed

,

F r a n ce a n d li v ed a part fro m Ta lley ra n d w ith a n es t a b

:h me n t o f her o w n a t t h e v ill a B ea u S ej o ur a t Aut euil .

d esc ripti o n o f h is I n di a n fla me i s a ll th a t t he
F r a nc i s
’

”
if
a rt c o uld d es i re
h
M rs Gra n d
. he s a y s
. w a s t he,

o s t bea ut i ful w o ma n i n C a l c utt a S he w a s t a ll el eg a n tly

.
,

prmed t he s t a t ure o f a n y mph

, a c o mpl ex i o n o f un
,
f;

v a lled bea uty a n d a ubur n h a i r o f t he mo s t l ux uri a n t

ro fus io n : fi n e bl ue ey es w it h b l a c k l a s h es a n d ey ebrow s
,

”
a ve her c o un t ena n c e t he mo s t piq ua n t s i n gul a rity
‘

v en w h en a t t he a e o f 36 s he rea p ea r ed b t h b k f
J g p y e a n s o

x c S e i ne h er lov eli n es s c rea t ed q ui t e a s en s a ti o n M a d a me

, .

R emus a t rec o rd s I h a ve h ea rd it s a id th a t s he w a s
,

n e o f t h e mo s t c h a r mi n w o m e n o f h e r ti m e S h w a s
g e .

i ll a n d h er figure h a d a ll t he s uppl en es s a n d g r a ce s o
,
904 C AL c urrA O L D AN D W
'
.

co mmo n t o w o men bo r n in th e ea s t . He r c o m plex ion “

d az z l i ng her eyes o f the bri gh tes t bl ue a n d h er sliglr
,

t urn ed up n o s e g a ve her s i n g ul a rly en o ug h

,
a l ook
,

Ta ll eyr a n d hi ms elf He r fa i r go ld en h a i r w a s of tr
.

”
v erbi a l bea uty . TO th e l a s t s he ret a i n ed h e r w onders
c o mp l ex i o n a n d h a i r a n d t he d ee pe ni n f h f t li -
, g o t e s o n t s t

he r fa c e a lth o ugh it ma y h a v e a l t ered did n o t i n a nv

, ,
n.

d et ra c t f ro m the phy s i c a l c h a r ms w hi c h ha d i n t he da ys
“

her y o uth fa sc i n a t ed J un i us i n a l
C c tta u .A s r ec e n t h i

D ec embe r l ot h 1 8 3,
5 h
s e di,
e d i n P a ri s a t N o 8 0
. R u e :

Lill e : a n d w a s buri ed in M o n t P a rn as se c em et ery i

”

is s a d to t n t hi k h a t th e t o mb h a s b ee n u t t e rl y n e g le c td

an d th a t th e pi o us tr a v ell e r w ho ma kes h is p i lg i r m a g e 1

thi s C a mpo S a n to t o da y is s h ow n a mom g ro

- - w n h r l
,

o f ne ttl es a n d w d
ee s a s t he s e p u l c h re o f t h e m o s t h i s tm
bea uty th a t I n di a ha s ever p r o d uced A n d f i t h i s d is c:

s i l i o n h a s bee n a l o g o n e h erei
n n m u s t b e fo u n d its j e fl

fi c a t io n .
906 C A C UTTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

c irc ul a t ed t o a ll t he pri n c ip a l merc a n t il e fi rms o f C a lc utta

i n o rd e r t o O bt a i n t h ei r v i ew s o n the c o mpi la t i o n o f a
h a lf y ea rly s t a teme n t o f s t oc k s o f i mpo rt s a n d o n th e fly
-
,

l ea f a ppea r the s i g na t ures o f p res uma bly a ll t he l ea di ng

i mpo rt i n g fi rms a t t he ti me in C a lc ut t a to t he n umbe r o f 25
'

, ,

t he o n ly o ne O f w hi c h ex i s ti ng a t t h e pres en t d a t e un d e r t he

s a me n a me is t h e fi rm o f M es s r s G illa n ders Ar buth n o t a nd

.
,

Co . It is i n t eres t i ng t o n o t i ce t h a t t h e fi rms i n q ues ti on

c o n s e n t ed t o c o mbi n e fo r th e o bj ec t i n di c a te d i n t he le t t er ,

o n ly o n c o n di t i o n t ha t M r J a mes N a p i er Ly al l
. o ne o f
,

t he fo un d er s o f t he w ell kn o w n fi rm o f M es s rs M a c k e nz ie
-
. ,

Ly a ll a n d C o t h en ca rryi ng o n bus i n es s un de r the sa me

.
,

na me , a n d s t ill e x i s ti n g a mo n g us s h o uld be t he c o n fi
,

de n t i a l rec ipi en t O f t he v a ri o us pa rt i c ul a rs fro m ea c h fi rm

a n d t h e c o mpil e r o f t he s t a t eme n t .M r Ly al l w a s a p
.

a re n t l a b l ut ly di i t e re s t ed p e r s on u n c o n n ec ted
p y a n s o e s n

w i t h t h e i mp o rt t r a d e . A no t un n a t ur a l i n fe ren c e t o be
dra w n fro m thi s l et te r is t h a t t he merc h a n t s o f C a l c utta
beg a n t o fee l a bo ut t hi s t i me t he n ec es s i t y o f c o mbi na
tio n , a n d o f t he fo r ma ti o n o f a c en tra l bo dy fo r m ut ual

ben efi t a n d t h a t t hi s feeli n r e s u l t ed i t h f o rma ti on

, g n e

o f t h e C a l c ut t a Ch a mbe r o f C o mmerc e i n 1 834 .

Th e C a l c ut ta Cha mbe r c a me t o a n en d ea rly i n 1 853

a n d i n N o v e mbe r o f t h a t y ea r t h e fi r s t h a lf y ea rly re po rt of
-

t he Be n g al Ch a mber w a s i s s ued E i ghty s ix Ca lc utta

.
-

member s a n d ei gh t een mo fus s il members j o i n ed t he new

i n s t i t ut i o n The n umbe r o f fi rms a n d i n di v id ua l s a t pre
.

s e n t o n t he r o ll is 1 56
; but in a ddi t i o n w e h a ve n o less
th a n t hi r t een As s oc i a t i o n s a ll o f w h o m reco g n i se the
,

Ch a mbe r a s t h eir p a ren t bo dy .

 OVA L E X C HAN G E A N D B E N GA L C HAM B E R o r c o mmenc e . 907

S o me tw en ty
yea rs l a t er the q ues t i o n o f es t a bl i s hi ng a
o mmerc ia l E x c h a n e i n C a l c utt a w a s br o u h t fo rw a rd
‘

g g ,

n d a t a Ge n e r a l Meeti n f t h Ch m b r h ld t h
~

g o e a e e o n e ,
.

0t h N o vembe r 1 857 t he s c he me w as i n a ug ura ted

, , The .

l o v emen t w a s so w ell recei ved t h a t 1 38 s ubs c ri be r s w ere

t d i c l udi n g rti m m b r f h C h a mber

=
g
-
t s ere n
p a , e s n o t e e s o t e ,

n d a S p ec i a l M ee ti n w a h ld t h 2 5 t h f M a y 1 8 5 8
g s e o n e o ,

>r t he en r o l men t O f t he membe r s w h en t he M a n a g in g ,

r o m m i t t ee w a s el ec t ed to fr a me t he nec es s a ry r ul es a n d
" ‘

:g ula t io n s The E x c h a nge w a s O pe n ed o n t he l s t O f

.

un e 1 858 a n d in t he R epo r t o f t he Co mmit tee o f t he

-
, ,

h a mbe r s ubmi t ted a t a Ge nera l M eeti ng on t he 4th Sep

.
,

embe r i n t h a t y ea r i t w a s s t a ted t o be w ell s uppo rt ed

-

.
,

s it w a s ma n a ed b di s t i t C m m it t f urth r
g y a n c o e e n o e ,

te n t i o n is ma d e o f it i n t he s ubs eq uen t R e po r t s o f t h e
-
r .

h a mbe r ; but a t a meeti ng o f t he s ubs c ri bers held o n the ,

a
9t h o f J un e 1 867 it w a s c a rri ed una n i mo us ly t ha t the
-

, ,

a me o f t he E x c h a n ge be a l te red t o t he B ro ke rs E x c h a n ge
’
.

he s c he me fo r a M erc a n ti l e E x c h a n ge r ema i n ed p rac t i

.

i a lly i n a bey a n ce un t il rev i ved i n 1 881 a n d w a s di sc uss ed , ,

it ho ut res ult a t v a ri o us t i me s s ubs eq uen t ly un t il it t oo k

f

, ,

pra c t i c a l s h a pe in 1 893 w he n Si r J a mes L M a c ka y w a s ,

.

res id en t a n d res ul t ed in t he es t a bli s h men t o f t he p resen t

,

o ya l E x c h a n g e
. s o d es i gn a t ed by s pec i a l pe r mi s s i o n o f
,

i er l a t e M a j es ty t he Q ueen, w hi c h w a s Obt a i ned thro ug h

l

A e d o ffi c o f t h e th e n V i ce r oy t h e M a rq ui s of
.
g oo es ,

a n s do w n e
-
. In o rd er t o c a rry through th i s i mpo rtan t
.

: he me t he C ha mbe r w a s i nco rp o ra t ed un de r Sec ti o n 26

f t he I n di a n C o mp a n i es Ac t 1 882 a nd p urc h a sed by th e , , ,

w e o f a D eben t ur e Lo a n t he premi s es o f t he O ri ent a l

a n k C o r o r a ti o n w hi h w k w t h R y l
p c a r e n o , n o n a s e o a
9 08 C AL C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

'

Ex ch a nge B uildi ng Th e O pen i ng w a s i n a ugura ted r

.

J a n ua ry , 1 8 9 4 b y
,
a b a n q u et t o t h e M a rq u is o f La n s dow ut

t he retiri ng V i ce ro y The Ch a mber o c c up i es the upper

.

fl oo r o f t he buildi n g t he lo w er fl oo r bei n g d ev ot ed to tlr

'

p u rp os e o f t h e R o y a l E x c h a n e w hi c h h a s s i nc e pron :
g ,

a n i n s tit ut i o n o f
g r e a t v a l ue t o t he m er c a n t i l e co m m as :

O f C a l c ut t a a n d
, p o s s e s se s s o m e 6 00 m em b e r s .

An i mpo r t a n t D epa rt men t in c on n ec t i o n w i th :b

C h a mbe r is t he Li c en s ed Mea s urer s De p a rt me n t w hit: ’
,

un d er t he c on tr o l o f a s pec i al C o mmitt ee , un d e rt a kes r i

mea s uremen t a n d w ei g h men t o f a ll t he ex po rt c a rgo in zh
po r t a n d t he c ert i fic a t es o f w hic h a re a c c ep t ed in
,

q u a r t e rs o f t he g l o b e T hi
. s d ep a rt m en t pr o v i des emd s

men t a t t he pres en t mo me n t fo r a s t a ff O f a bo ut $ 0
E uro pe a n s a n d E ura s i a n s a n d a t t he ra te t h e w ork
,

e x p a n di n
g ,
it i s pr o b a b l e t h a t b e f o r e m an y y e a r s a re as
?

t he s t a ff w ill n umbe r a t l ea s t o n e h un dred .

Tra di t i on ma rk s o ut t he p es en t o c c u ied r
buildi n g
r at p
‘

t he Ben g a l Ch a mber o f C o mme rc e a s h a i l i n g o nce her

t he res id en c e o f S i r Philip F r a n c i s a n d i n s t i l l ea rli er daj

O f Cli v e . An i n te res ti n g reli c o f th e M uti n y i s s till tr “

s erv ed in t he Ch a mbe r i n t he s h a pe O f w h a t i s k n ovm

t h e M uti n y G a t e w hi c h w a s pl a ced o n t he up pe r st a irczx

,

i n t he t r o ub l ed t i mes o f 1 85 7 by t he M a n a g er of tit
O ri en t a l B a n k C o rpo r a t i o n w h ic h t h en oc c up i ed t he ba i t
,

i ng a s a p o s s i bl e s a feg ua rd a ga i n s t a n y a tt a c k
,

mi gh t be ma de o n t he B a n k C a lc ut ta ho w ev e r
.
, ,

w ell k n o w n , e s ca pe d t h e tro ubl e w h i c h d es c end ed

ma n y o th er c iti es a n d it i s n o t rec o rd ed th a t t he
,

e ve r t o be c l o s ed It rema i n s h ow ev er a s a rem
.
, ,
9 10 C A LC U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

R emfry , t he fi r s t Ho n o r a ry Sec ret a ry o f th e I n s t i t ute I ,

w h o s e effo rt s t he c iti z en s o f C a l c utt a a re ma i nl i n de bt ed

y
f o r t he f o un d a t i o n o f t he I n s t it ut e .

T HE P O S T O FF I C E .

Thi s h a n d s o me s truc t ure is s i t ua ted o n t h e w es t s id r

o f D a lh o us ie S q ua r e a t t h e c o r n er o f K o il a G h a t S treet
,

b ei n g a po r t i o n o f t he s i t e o f t he o ld Fo rt o f C a lc utta
T he remo v a l o f t h e o ld fo un d a ti o n s w a s a w o rk o f grea ’

d i ffi c ul t y o w i n g t o t he ex t reme h a rd n es s o f t h e m a s on ry .

w hic h in ma n y c as es c o uld o n ly be remo v ed b y b l a s t ing

, .
,
.

The buildi n g w a s e rec t ed fro m d es i g n s by M r W a l t er B .

G r a n v ill e a rc hi t ec t t o t h e G o ver n men t o f I n d i a

, It w a
.
s

O en ed t o t he p ubli c i n t h e yea r 1 868 I t i t f t w

p c on
. s s s o o

l o f t y s t o re y s t he ea s t a n d s o ut h fro n t s be i n g fa c ed wi th
,

h a n d s o me C o ri n t hi a n c o l umn s fl a nk ed by ma s s i v e piers
, .

i n w hi c h a re t he s t a i rc a ses The s o ut h ea s t a n g le o f thr

.
-

b uildi n g is se mi c i rc ul a r
-
a l so
,
f a ced w i t h C o ri n t hia n
c o l umn s ,
le a di n g t o a l o ft y c i rc ul a r h a ll in w h ic h a re the
,

p u b li c l et t e r b o x es. T hi s i s s u r mo u n t ed by a l o f t y l a n t ern

c ro w n ed by a d o me w hi c h f o rms o n e o f t he mo s t c ons pi
,

c u o us l a nd ma rk s o f C a l c utt a Th ere is a lso a l a rge clock

.

w i t h t hr ee ill umi n a t ed di a l s The buildi ng i s a p p r oa c hed

.

b y h a n d s o me fli gh t s o f s t ep s .

T HE TE L E G R A P H O FF IC E

W ill fo un d a t t he c o rn er o f D a lh o us ie Sq ua re So uth
be , .

a nd O ld C o ur t H o us e S t ree t E a s t The o ri g i n a l design

,
.

w as ma de i n 1 868 a n d t he g ro und c lea red in 1 870; b ut the

,
 T HE TE L E G R AP H O F FI C E . 91 1

bu ild i n g w a s n o t c o m m en c e d till 1 8 7 3 T h e s t yl e o
. f a r c hi
t ec t ur e is o n e a d mi r a b ly s uit ed t o t he r eq uir emen ts O f t he

c li ma t e ,
s o mew ha t r ese mbli ng it s n eig h bo ur t he C ur —
reney O fli ce— but di fferi ng in i t s ex te rn a l dec o ra t i o n s .

Th e buildi ng s t a n d s upo n a p li n t h 4 feet 6 in c h es hi g h , ,

a n d c o n s is t s o f a ma i n bl o c k f a c i n g D a l h o us i e S q ua r e w ith ,

a To w e r a t t he ea s t a n d t h ree w i ng s —
, t he ea s t w i n g f ac i n g

O ld C o urt Ho us e S t r eet the o th er t w o fo rm i n g a cen t re

,

a n d w es t w i n g . The t o t a l h ei g h t o f t he buildi n g is 66
feet a bo v e t he pli n t h a n d o f th e t o w er w hi c h res embl es a n
, ,

I t a li an c a mpa n il e 1 20 feet The p ri n c i p a l o r n o r t h ern

,
.

fro n t fa c es D a lh o us i e Sq ua re The cen tr a l en tr a n c e i s o f

.

h a n d s o me d es i g n The c o l umn s a re w el l p ropo rti o n ed ;

.

t he ba lc o n i es a n d c o rn i c es bo ld a n d ri c h i n d ec o ra ti o n ,

a n d t h e g en e r a l effec t is ex c eedi n gly goo d Th e To w er i s .

c a rri ed u
p a s a p a r t o f t he m a i n buildi n
g a s f a r a s t h e

r o o f s t ren g t h ened h o w ev er a t it s fo ur c o rn e rs by but

, , , ,

t r e s s es ,
w hi c h a re c o n t i n ued t o t he t o
p a l t h o u g h n o t ,

o ri g i n a lly i n t en d ed t o rea c h bey o n d t he ba l c o n y l evel .

Th e p ubli c en t r a n ce is i n t he c en tre o f t h e n o r t h fro n t

The es t a bli s h men t en t r a n c e i s by a br oa d fli h t o f
g
s t e p s in O ld C o ur t H o us e S t r eet .

I n t he p ubli c l o bby t h ere s t a n d s a t t he en tra n c e a h a n d

s o me bus t by Geflo w s k i e rec t ed i n 1 879 b t h m m be r
, y e e s

o f t h e Tel eg r a ph D ep a r t men t in h o n o ur o f M a j o r Gen er a l -

D a n i el G eo rge R o bi n s on R E ,
w ho w a s fo r t w el v e y ea r s
. .
,

f om 1 8 66 87 8) D i r r G r l f I di T l
( r t o 1 ec t o en e a o n a
-
n e e

ra ph s d w h o di ed i n 1 89 1 a t t he a e o f 65 O t h
g a n
,
'
g n e .

w a ll o n t h e ri g h t h a n d a s t he p ubli c v es t i bul e i s en t ered

i s a t abl et erec t ed i n me mo ry o f M r W B Mel v i ll e Sup er

.
. . .
,
91 2 C AL C U TTA O L D AN D N ew .

in t en den t of Tel eg ra ph s fo r t he As sa m D i vi s i o n , and

s ig n a ll er J a mes O B rien , w h o w ere

’
murd er ed i n M a rc h ,

1 89 1 , at M ya n kh o n g d uri ng t h e ri s i ng in Ma n ip o re w h ich

res ul t ed in t h e d ea th o f M r Q ui n to n th e C hief C o mmis

.
,

s i o n er Of t he prov i nc e a n d a n umber o f o t h e r B ri ti sh
,

O fli c e rs .

T HE I M P E R I AL S E C R E TA R I AT B U I L D I N G
Is S it ua t ed o n t he w es t of Gov e rn men t H o use , a nd

c o ve sr t he s it e o n c e oc c upi ed by S pe nc e s Ho t el a nd ’
,

L o ud o n B uildi ng s I n t h e s o ut h er n en d is t h e P a y O ffice
. .

w hil e t he n o r t h w i n g c o n t a i n s th e H o me D ep a rt me n t .

O fli c e o f S urgeo n G en er a l a n d Ge n er a l S upe ri n t e n d en t of
-

Th uggee a n d D a c o i t y D ep a r t men t The ea s t w in g ha s

.

t he R even ue a n d Ag ri c ul t ura l a n d Fo res t D ep a rt m en ts .

O fli c e fo r R eg i s t r a ti o n o f I n v en t i o n s a n d D e s i g n s o ffice ,

o f t he C o un t es s o f D ufferin s F un d a n d I mperi a l R ec ord

’
,

D ep a r t men t In c o n n ec ti on w i t h t he P a t en t O ffi c e a
.

mus eum o f mod el s ha s been co mmen ced but i t w i ll Ix ,

ma n y yea rs befo re t he c o ll ec t i o n i s muc h w o rt h i n s peo

t io n . The pr esen t c o ll ec t i o n o f mo d el s c o n s i s t s O f s ug a r
c a n e mill s ra il w a y s l eeper s w a t er lift s p un k a h p ul ling
, , ,

ma c hi n es kil n s et c et c
, ,
.
,
.

H a s t i n gs St reet is t he e x t en s ive
Adj o i n i ng t h i s bl oc k in
r a n ge oc c upi ed by t he Gov er n men t o f I n di a Pri n ti n g O ffi ce .

THE C U R R E N CY O FF I C E .

O n th e ea s t s ide o f D a lh o us i e Sq uare is a l o f ty build

,

in g in t h e I t al i a n s tyl e o f a rch itec t ure The gro und floor

.
91 4 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

on t he ea s t O f the R o a d a n d on the o ppos ite s id e the Media

n ic a l E ng i ne er s Qua rt ers the W a rder s Q ua rt ers and
’
,
’

th o s e o f t he I n s pec t o r o f Po li c e a re s it ua ted a n d here also ,

a re t he S t o res Go d o w n s a n d a l a rge w a t e r t a n k for the

,

E n g i n es o f t he C o pper M i n t .

Th ere a re re a lly tw o M i n ts , th e S ilver a nd t he Coppt r

M i n t s , th e fo rmer bei n g much the la rger a nd fi n e r build
in g . It w as d es i g n ed a n d c ons t ruc ted by M a j o r W . X
.

Fo rbes , R E . .
, a n d t oo k s i x y ea rs to buil d : it w a s e ected
r
on all uv i a l s o il rec l a i med fro m t he ri ver t he f o un da tims ,

bei ng l a i d a t a n a ve r a ge d ep t h o f 25 feet belo w t he len i

o f Cli ve S tr eet S O th a t t h ere i s a s much br ic k w o r k belor
,

a s a bove th e s urfa c e The a rc hitec t ure is G rec i a n Dori:

.

a n d t h e c en t ra l
po rti c o fa c i n g t h e S tr a n d w a s a c ups
in h a lf s i z e O f the Templ e o f M i n erv a a t At h en s ll lis
‘

M i n t w a s O pene d i n 1 831 In t he B ulli o n roo m is a fin:

.

ma rbl e bus t ( on a pedes t a l) o f M a j o r Gen e ra l F o rbes - .

w h o c on s t ruc ted t he M i n t a n d pres id ed o ve r i t f o r mam

y ea r s The w a t er t a n k fo r t he E ng i n es O f the S i lv er Mi x
.

i s a t t he s outh S id e O f t he ma i n buildi ng a n d be o n d it are

y ,

t h e Q ua rter s fo r t he Ci v il G ua rd the P oli c e a tta c h e d t o the

,

M i n t a n d t he M ili t a ry G ua rd H o us e .

The C opper M i n t O pen ed i n 1 865 co n s i s ts o f a rm

, ,

l a rg e bl oc k O f buildi ngs to t he n o rth ea s t O f t h e Silver

,
-

Min t The M i n t M a s te r s O ffi ce a n d t he Ac co un ta nts

.
’ '

Ofli c e t h e R ec o rd R oo m a n d Li b ra ry a n d t h e Min:
,
 91 5
'
F R E E MA S O N S HA LL .

S il ve r C oppe r M i n t s is a n ex ten s i v e w o rk s h o p i n c l ud
a nd

i ng a B r a s s a n d I ro n F o un dry C a rpen t er s s h o ps a n d
’
,

B la c k s mith s S h op
’
.

P ers o n s w i shi ng t o v i ew t he M i n t s h o uld a pp ly t o t he

M a s ter O f t h e M i n t . The w o rds App li c a t i o n fo r P a s s
s h o uld be w ritt en o n the c o r n e r O f t h e en vel o p e P a rti es
.

o f n o t mo r e t ha n 5 p er s o n s a re a ll ow ed t o go o v er a n d 1 0 ,

o f t h ese p a s s es a re g r a n t ed . S pec i a l P a s s es a re h o w ev er, ,

fre q uen tly g ra n t ed by t he M i n t M a s ter a s t he a ppli c a t i o n s

by n a t i v es fro m t h e M o f us s il a re s o n umer ous th a t t he
w h o l e n um ber a ll o w ed fo r a re a l w a y s a ppli ed fo r The .

bes t t i me t o s ee t he M i n t i s bet w een t he h o ur s O f 1 1 A M . .

a nd l P M . in o rd er t o be pr es en t a t t he p o uri n g o f th e
mo l t en S il ve r V i s it o r s s ho uld go t o t h e “ a rder s L o d ge
’ ’
.

t o p r es e n t th ei r p a s s es a n d g et p er m i s s i o n t o en t er t h e

M in t .

FR E E M AS O N S H A LL ’
.

S i n c e t he yea r 1 904 t h e h ea dq ua r t er s O f F reema s o n ry

i n B eng a l h a v e been i n s t a ll ed a t 54 P a rk S t reet It s .

e a rl i e s t p l a c e O f meet i n g w a s t he O ld C o ur t H o us e w hi c h ,

s t o o d a t t he n o rth ea s t c o r n er o f D a l h o us i e S q ua r e un ti l
-

1 7 9 2 w h en it w a s fi n a l ly d emo li s h ed
, So me fi v e o r s ix
.

e a r s b e fo r e t h a t ev en t h o w ev er t h e Cr a ft remo v ed t o a
y , ,

b ui l di ng in La l l B a z a r j us t O p po s i t e t h e P o li c e O fl ice o f
‘
,

t o d a y a n d a dj o i n i n g t he o n c e fa mo us H a r mo n i c Ta v er n
-
,
-
.

I n 1 840 t hi s h o us e w a s g i ven up a n d fo r t he n ex t s i x t y
'

, ,

f o ur y ea r s t h e p r emi s es a t pres en t n umb ere d 55 in B en

t i n c k S t r eet w e r e utili z ed a s a F r eema s o n s H a ll Th e ’
.

t ra n sf e r t o P a rk S t r eet w a s n o t eff ec t ed w i t h o ut a w renc h ,

91 6 C A L C U TTA O L D AN D N E w .

fo r t h e O ld J a d oo G h ur in C o s sa ito llah ha d l ived not

it s li fe i n vai n a n d it s Lo d ge roo m a n d
,
- B a n q ueti ng Hall
w ere el o q uen t o f by go n e d a y s w he n S a nd ema n and
,

B l es s i ngt o n R obert s a n d Pitt Ken nedy ruled th e Province

in t ur n fro m t he D i s tri c t G ra n d M a s ter s c h a i r
’
But the .

c h a n ge o f h a bit a ti o n h a d bec o me i n ev it a bl e a n d th ere m ,

be n o q ues ti on th a t i t h a s been a ltoge th er fo r t h e better .

F reema s o n ry i n B enga l boas ts a rec o rd as a nc i en t as h is

h o n o ur a bl e It s ea rli es t D i s tri c t G r a n d M a s t e r Georg!
.
,

P o mfr et a s s umed Offi c e i n 1 7 28 : a n d Lodg e

, S ta r in the
Ea s t it s p remie r L o dg e O f E ng l a n d is t he O ld es t of any ,

Lo dge o uts id e t he U n i t ed Ki ngdo m o n th a t ro l l a nd dates ,

fr o m t he y ea r 1 7 40 R oger D ra k e t he Go ve rno r w ho m
.
, ,

a w a y a n d li v ed t o fig h t a n o th er da y w a s D i s t ri c t Grand
,

M a s ter w h en th e Tro ubl es O f 1 756 o v ert oo k t h e settle

men t : a n d w h en t he pr o v i nc i a l G ra n d Lo d ge o f Bengal
w a s rev i v ed i n 1 759 a f te r t he rec a pt ure o f C a lc utt a by
,

Cli v e a n d ‘V a t s o n t he c ha ir w a s fi l led i n t urn b y “ i llies:

,
f

M a c ket t un c l e o f t he ga ll a n t littl e middy B i l ly S peh

,
.

w h o s e t o mb s til l s t a n d s i n S t J oh n s C h urc h y a rd a n d IN
’
.
,

C ulli ng S mi t h a fterw a rds a ba ro net a nd p ro g e n i to r of

,

M r H C E Child er s Ch a n cello r o f t he E x ch e q uer from

. . . .
,

1 883 t o 1 885 Ho l w ell w a s a l s o a hi gh O ffic e b ea re r and

.
-
.

w h en d uri n g h is s h o r t a d m i n i s tra ti o n a s Go ve rn o r a t Fm

W illi a m th e fo un d a ti o n s t o n e w a s la id o n J un e 24t h 1 760

-
, .

O f t h e ma k es hi ft Ch a pel o f S t J o h n O n t he s i te o f the
.

B l a c k Ho l e t he c er emo n y w a s p erfo r med w i th f ull mas o

,

n ic s o l emn i t i es In 1 790 Ch a rl es S t ua rt
.
, M em be r d ,

C o un c il d ur in g t he w h o le O f C o rn w a lli s fi rs t Go v ern ment '

.

w a s D i s tri c t G ra n d M a s t er : a n d i n 1 81 3 a n d 1 8 1 7 tl:

o fli c e w a s h eld by t w o o th er Members o f Co un c il A rc h i ba ld ,
91 8 L U TTA
CA C O LD AN D N E W.

H i gh C o urt a t Fo rt W illi a m f ro m 1 878 t o 1 904 : D i s t rict

G r a n d M a s t er ( i n s ucc es s i o n t o M r J o h n Pit t K en n edy t he .
,

di s ti n g ui s h ed a d v oc a t e O f t he Hi g h C o urt ) f ro m 1 87 8 tn
1 896 a nd a ga i n ( o n t he d ea th o f M a j o r G en era l S i r A rthur -

G o d o l phi n Yea t ma n B i gg s -
, fro m 1 89 8 t o 1 904 .

E n t eri n g t he Benga l Ci v il Se rv i c e i n 1 855 be fo re t h e da vs ,

o f c o m pe ti t i ve ex a m i n a ti o n he w a s w h en h e re t i re d fo r
,
ty

n i n e y ea r s l a te r n o t O n ly t h e F a t h er o f t h e Se rv i c e b ut the

l a s t o f t he Ha iley bury men i n h a rn es s in I nd i a A bust .

o f h i s f a t h er Hen ry Th o by P ri n s ep t he eld e r M e m ber of ,

t he E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y w ill be fo un d i n
,
t he Tom

H a ll .

7 J o h n J a c o b L o ui s Ho ff E s q G ra n d Se c re t a ry of
.
,
.
,

B en g a l fr o m 1 844 t o 1 856 : D e p ut y D i s tri c t G ra n d M a ster

O f B en ga l fr o m 1 856 t o 1 862 : a p po i n t ed t o t h e ra n k of

P a s t G ra n d J un i o r W a rd en o f E ng l a n d i n 1 85 3 .

8 . Hen ry H o ver Loc k e E s q , .

,
D irec to r o f the G o vern
me n t Sc h oo l Of A rt D ep uty D i s tri c t G ra n d M a s t er m
'

1 87 1 .

9 . Heerj eebho y M a n a c kj ee R us t o mjee, E s q .

,
C I E
. . .

D i s tri c t G r a n d S ec r et a ry o f Be nga l f ro m 1 880 to 1 904

a ppo i n t ed t o t he ra n k Of Pa s t G ra n d D eac o n of E n g la nd
i n 1 902 .

10 . Th o ma s J o n es ,
E sq . : D ep uty D i s tri c t G rand
M a s te r Of Ben g a l i n 1 884 a n d a ga n i in 1 89 1 a
pp o in t ed to

t he ra n k of Pa st G r a n d D ea c o n of E ngl a n d i n 1 89 7 .

11 W il li a m H en ry F i tz e
.
, Es q . D ep uty D i s tric t G rand
M a s t er o f B eng a l fro m 1 885 t o 1 887 a n d a ga i n f ro m 1 309
 ’
E R EE MA S O N S HAL L .

to 1 902 a ppo n e i t d t o t he ra n k of Pa st G r a n d D ea c o n Of

E ngla nd .

12 . His Hi g h n es s t he M a h a ra j a h S ir N ripend ra N a r a i n
B h up Ba h a d ur Of C ooc h B eh a r , C B . .
,
D eputy
G ra n d M a s ter
'

D i s tri c t o f B eng a l in 1 890 9 1 po i n ted -

: ap

in 1 887 t o th e ra n k of P a s t Sen i o r G ra n d W a rd en o f
E l
ng a n d .

13 . P ro s un n o C oo ma r D utt , E s q , t he fi rs t H i n d oo in i .

t i a t ed i n t o F reema s o n ry : D ep uty D i s t ri c t G r a n d M a s t er

o f Beng a l in 1 895 96 -
.

L odge h o ld s it s c o mmun i c a tio n s

The D i s t ri c t G r a n d
e ve ry Q ua rt er in t he M a s o n i c H a l l 54 P a rk S treet w h ere ,
,

t h e o fli ce O f t h e D G Sec r et a ry is l oc a t ed
. . .

There a re a t presen t ti me ( 1 905) t w en ty L o dges

th e
m eeti ng reg ul a rly in C a l c ut t a a n d its s uburbs un d er t he
.

E n g li s h c o n s tit uti o n A li s t i s s ubj o i ned

. Th e meet i n gs .

a re h eld a t t he F reema s o n s
’
H a ll in P a rk S treet un l es s ,

o t h er w i s e s t a t ed

S t a r i n t he E a s t , N O. 67 , A D . . 1 7 40, 2n d a nd 4t h
F rid a y s O f ea c h mon th .

I n d us try a nd Pers evera n ce ,

N o. 1 09 , A D . . 1 76 1 ,
l s t a nd 3rd F rid a y s .

Tr ue F ri en d ship , N o. 21 8, A D . . 1 7 72, 2nd a nd 4t h

T ues d a y s .

H umili t y ith w Fo rt it ud e, N O. 229 , A D . . 1 774, l st

a nd 3rd Mon da ys .

”
M a ri n e ,
N O. 232. A D . . 1 776 , 2n d a nd 4t h M o n da y s Q
920 C A C U TTA O LD A N D N E W
L .

An c h o r a nd H o pe , NO . 234, A D . . 1 7 76 , l st a nd 3rd
Tues da ys .

C o urag e w ith H uma n ity , N O. 392, A D . . 1 821 ,

2nd
a nd 4t h Th urs d a y s .

St . J oh n , NO . 488, A O . . 1 842, Pl a s sey G a t e ,

Fort
W illi a m ,
2n d a nd 4t h F r id a y s .

Tempe r a nc e a nd Ben ev ol ence , N O. 1 1 60, A D . . 1 867,

l st a nd 3rd W ed nes d a y s .

S a n d ema n , N O. 1 374, A D . . 1 87 1 , D um- D um , 2nd

F rid a y o f eve ry mo n t h .

P rin s ep , No . 2037 , A D . . 1 884, 25, Tel k ul Ghat

R oa d , Ho w ra h , 1 st an d 3rd W edn es d a ys .

Th oma s J o nes , N O 2441 , A D

. . . 1 892, 39 F ree S c hool
S treet , 2n d F rid a y a nd la s t S a t urd ay .

U biq ue , N O. 2476 , A D . . 1 893, B a rr a c k p o r e , 2n d a nd

4t h o f ever y mon th .

Yea t ma n B i gg s -
, N O. 2672, A D . . 1 897 , l s t T ues da v
O f every mo n th .

”
D efen ce , No . 2839 , A D . . 1 900, 2n d a nd 4t h T h urs
da ys .

Federa ti o n , 287 1 , St S t e ph e n
’

N o. A D . . 1 901 , . s

Sc h o o l , H a s ti ngs , 3rd S a t urd a y .

”
C a l c utt a ,
N o. 3054, A D . . 1 904, 39 F ree Sc ho ol
S t reet , 2n d Tues d a y .

Ea s t I n di a Ar ms I n s t a ll ed M a s t er s ) N O 3080 A O
, ( . . . .

1 903, l s t F rid a y .
922 C A L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

a nd Tow n me mbers p a y R s 40 a nd Mo fus s i l members

.
,

R s 32 per a n n um , fo r w h ic h t h ey rec ei v e th e p ublic a tions

.

o f t he S oc i ety a n d h a v e the use o f th e la rge librar y .

The bus i nes s O f th e Soc iety i s a d mi n i s t ere d by a council

c h o se n a n n ua lly The meeti ng h o use is t he p ro perty of
.

t he So c i ety . Sever a l a ddi t i o ns w ere ma d e tb t h e o riginal

buildi n g in 1 836 a n d 1 850 t o a c co mmod a t e t h e in c rea sirg
,

li b r a ry a n d co llec ti o n s .

S i n c e t he fo un d a ti o n o f t h e Soc i ety its li t era ry ac tivityr

,

h a s been un i n terrup ted The fi rs t publi c a ti o n ha d the

.

”
t itl e O f As i a ti c R es ea rc hes They ex ten d o v e r t w enty
.

q ua rt o v o l umes i s s ued be t w een 1 7 99 a n d 1 83 9

, In 1 829
. .

C a p t a i n J a mes D H e rbert c o mmenc ed t o i s s ue in con

.
,

n ec t io n w ith t he Soc i ety a mo n thly p ub li ca t i o n

, ca lled ,

G l ea n i ng s in Sc ien c e He i s s ued three vo l umes tilt

.
,

l a s t o n e ( vo l I I I O f 1 831 ) bei ng c o mpl eted by M r J ames .

P ri n s ep a s C a p t a i n He rbe rt l eft fo r L uc k n o w t o join

,

hi s a p p o i n t men t a s a s t ro no me r t o t he Ki n g o f O udh In .

t he beg i n n i ng o f 1 832 M r J a mes P rin sep c h a n ged the

.

t i t l e o f t he G l ea n i ngs to J o urn a l o f t he As i a t ic Soci ety

o f B en a l
g , a n d c o n ti nue d t o b e t he edit o r t i l l 1 83 8 T he .

fi r s t s ev en vo l umes fr o m 1 832 t o 1 838 c o n ta i n his nu

, ,

mero us es s a y s o n I n di a n An tiq uities a n d P a l eo g r a p hy and ,

h is fa mo us r ea di ng s o f t he As o k a i n s c ri p ti o n s O n his
.

d ep a r t ure t he J o ur na l bec a me the p ro pe rty o f t he Society

,
,

a n d f r o m 1 839 ,
w h en t he As i a ti c R es ea rc h es c ea sed .

bulky a n n ua l vo l umes h a v e been pri n ted S i n c e 1 865 the

. .

Pro c eedi ngs O f t he Soc i et y h a v e been i s s ued sepa ra tely .

w hil s t t h e J o ur n a l h a s s i n c e t h e n been a n n ua lly i ss ued in

t wo p a r t s ea c h c o n s i s ti n
, g O f f o u r q ua rt erly n u m be r s t he
,
 THE A S IATI C S OC IET Y .

fi r s t p a rt bei ng d ev o t ed t o Li t era t ure Phil o l ogy a n d ,

A n t iq ui t i es a nd t he sec o n d to N a t ur a l
, Hi s to ry a n d
S c i e n ce The J o urn a l a n d Proc eedi ng s c o n t a i n a n n ua ll y
.

f r o m 800 t o p g
a es .

A n o t h er depa rt men t w hi c h ha s g rea t ly a dd ed t o t he re

”
n o w n o f thi s O ld S oc i ety is t h e B i bli o th ec a I n di c a In .

1 838 t h e H o n o r a ble C o ur t o f D i rec to rs ga v e t h e Soc i ety a

,

m o n thly g ra n t O f R s 500 fo r t he pri n t i ng O f O ri e n t a l

.
,

w o rk s a n d s i nc e t h a t t i me t he Soc i et y h a s i s s ued
, un d e r ,

t h e a bo v e titl e o v e r fi v e h un dred fa s c i c uli o f n ume ro us

,

S a n s k ri t A ra bi c P er s i a n P a li a n d Hi n di w o r ks bo th
, , , ,

i n o ri g i n a l a n d in t r a n s l a ti o n a mo ng th em a fi ne c o ll ec ti o n
,

o f I n di a n hi s t o ri a n s Thi s mo n t hly g ra n t w a s c o n t in ued

.
,

a n d i n 1 858 t he I mpe r ia l Go v er n men t i nc rea s ed i t by R s .

25 0 per men s em fo r t h e s a me p urpo s e In 1 870 t he .

I m peri a l Go v ern me n t s a n c t i o n ed R s r a n n um fo r
p e .

t h e c l a s s i fi c a t i o n c o pyi n g a nd p urc h a s e o f S a n s kri t M a n u

,

s c rip t s i n B eng a l .

Th e M us eum of t he S oc i ety , up t o i d a 1 866 , conta ne

l a rge c o ll ec ti o n O f Z oo l o gi c a l a n d E t h n o l ogi c a l s pec i men s ,

bes id es ma n y A rc h aeo l o g i c a l reli ef s a n d s t a t ues o f g rea t

v a l ue n ea rly a l l o f w hi c h w ere pres en t s ma d e t o t h e S o c ie t y
,

by it s member s The S oc i ety bei ng un a bl e t o pro v ide

.

s p a c e a n d f un d s fo r t he m a i n t en a n c e o f i t s ev er i n c r ea s i n
g
-

c o ll ec ti o n s O ff er ed
,
i n 1 865 t he M us eum t o G o ver n men t
, , ,

o n c o n diti o n th a t t h e So c i ety w a s t o r ec ei v e i n erpet uo fr ee

p
m
q ua rt ers in t he new I peri a l M us eum in C how rin ghee t he , ,

buildi n g o f w hi c h w as a bo ut t o be c o mmen c ed G o ver n .

men t a c c ept ed t hi s a nd t h e tra n s fe r o f t he So c i et y s

,
’

M us eum un d er t h a t c o n d it i on w a s l eg a li s ed by Ac t X V I I
, ,
9 24 CA C L U TTA O LD A N D N E W .

O f 1 866 . The Soc i ety h a s , h o w eve r ret a i n ed its ri c h

,
co llec

t i on o f c o ns i ,
C o p pe r s a n a d s po rt ra i t s a n d pi c t ures
, , bust s .
a nd it s l a rge li br a ry .

The Li bra ry c o n t a i n s a bo v e fi fteen th o us a n d v o l umes

a mo n g th em m o re t h a n fi v e t h o us a n d S a n s kri t A ra bic ,

Per s i a n a nd Hi n d us t a n i M a n us c rip t s Th e re i s a l s o a .

fi n e c o ll ec t i o n o f B ur mese a n d N ep a l es e M a n usc ri p t s Th e .

r t r r t i f t h M a us c ript bel o n ged f o r m erl y t o

g ea e p o o n o e n s

t h e O ld C o ll eg e o f F o r t W illi a m T he bulk o f t h e A ra bic

.

a n d P ers i a n M an usc ri pt s fo r med p a rt o f Tipp u S ul t a n s

’

l i br a ry a n d h a d been t ra n s ferred fro m Se ri ng a p a t a m tn

,

t he C o ll eg e O f Fo r t W illi a m W h en t h e c o llege
w a s red uc ed t he H o n o r a bl e C o urt O f D i r ec t o rs p res en ted
,

t he g r ea t e r p a r t o f t he li br a ry t o t he S oc i et y A m o n g the .

M a n us c rip t s t h er e a re ma n y ma s t e rp i ec es O f c a l ig r a phy
a n d o ri en t a l p a i n t i n
g .

The ll ec t i o n o f p o rtra i t s bus t s a n d pa i n ti n g s i s w ell

co ,

w o rt h a v i s i t The mo s t c uri o us pi c t ure i s t h a t o f a

.

E uro p ea n in I n di a n c os t ume w i t h a n a t i v e w i fe a n d tw o
c hild ren Th i s h a s n o t been id en t i fi ed but i d i s be l iev ed
.
,

by M r J J C o t t o n t o r epr es en t Gen era l D e B O i g n e w i th

. . . ,

h is n a t i v e w i fe N oo r B eg um a n d t h eir so n a nd d a ug h t er .

M a n y o f t he mo re i mpo rt a n t a n d i n te res t i n g p a i n t i n gs
h a v e bee n l en t t o t h e Tr us t ee s o f t h e V i c to ri a M e mo ri al
Ha ll a n d a re t e mpo r a ri ly o n v i ew at t he I n di a n M us e um .

The roo ms of t he S oc i et y a re d a ily O pen to m e m bers

fro m 1 0 t o 5 O c l oc k Sun d a y s a n d h oli da ys e x c ep t ed
’
,

S t r a nger s ma y v i s i t t he li bra ry a n d i n s pec t t h e c o i n s on

a ppli c a t i o n t o t he H o n o r a ry S ec ret a ri es .
9 26 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

t o a l l t he pri v il eges of H o n o ra ry Membe rsh i p f o r t h e ti me

b ei n g .

The Cl ub H o us e ha s been muc h a l tered s i n c e t h e days

w h en M a c a ula y li ved t h er e a n d h eld h is s y m o s i a i n its
p
r oo ms M ac a ul a y w a s n o t t he o n ly membe r O f hi s fa mily
.

w ith I n di a n a s s oc i a t i o n s His un c l e Ge n era l Colin .

Ma c a ul a y h a d bee n R es id ent in Tr a v a n co re a n d d i ed w hen

M a ca ul a y w a s i n I n di a l ea v i ng h i m a l eg a c y o f
.
,

In t h e rly s t a ges o f i t s ca reer t he Cl ub w a s h o us ed

ea ,

fi r s t in O ld Co urt H o use S treet o n t he e a s t e rn s i de of ,

D a lh o us i e S q ua re in t he pr emi s es n o w oc c up i ed b y M es s rs
, .

N e w ma n a n d C o t he bo o k s elle r s
.
, a nd s ubs e q ue n t ly in ,

E ly s i um R o w The s ubj o i n ed c ut t i n g fro m t h e B engal

.

H urk a r u o f s o me ei gh t y yea r s a go refers t o t he la t ter

p e ri o d : T h e n u m b e r o f me m b e r s o n t h e 1 s t o f M a rch
w a s a bo ut 21 0 o f w h o m up w a rd s O f o n e h a l f a re res ident
,
-

i n C a l c ut t a Th e l a rge c l ub h o use in E s pl a n a d e R ow
.
-
.

w h i c h i s a t pres en t oc c upi ed c o n t a i n s bes id es t he p ublic , ,

ro o ms o n t he t w o fi r s t floo r s ei g h t s pa c i o us a n d v e ry a i r}
,

a n d c o mfo rt a bl e s l ee pi n g a p a rt men t s c o m pl et ely f urn i s hed

fo r M o f us s il membe r s v i s i t i n g C a l c ut t a Th es e w e re a ! .

l a t ely o c c upi ed The c h a rge fo r t h em is o n ly fo ur rupees

.

w eekly The re is a h o use es t a bli s h men t O f s erv a n t s so

.
,

t h a t a n i n di v id ua l r eq uir es few pri v a t e d o mes t i cs B rea k .

f a s t t ifii n a n d di n n er a re pro v id ed a t t he fo ll o w i n g r a tes

, ,

fo r t h o s e w h o res id e a t t h e c l ub a s w ell a s a ll o t h e r mem ,

be r s w h o c h o o s e t o a t ten d v iz brea kfa s t o n e r up ee t i flin

, , , .

o n e r u ee a n d ei h t a n n a s di n n e r t h r r u w i n e e tc
p g ee p ees
, , , , .

bei ng c h a rg ed s ep a r a tely a bo ut o n e a n d a h a l f t o t hree

,

rup ees a n ight S h e rry F r en c h Cl a ret P o rt w i n e

, ,
a nd , ,
 THE U N ITE D S E R V IC E C LUB .

B eer , bei ng at t he h o us e . D i n ers h a rged i n

a lo n e a re c

c o mmo n a ll o th er s a re pa id fo r by t h o s e o n ly w h o dri n k
,

t h em a n y member c a n o rde r h is o w n di n n er a l o n e w h en
, ,

O f c o urs e he is a t li ber ty t o c a ll fo r s u c h w i n es et c a s he , .
,

p l e a s es ,p a yi n
g a cc o rdi n gly F o r t.h e a c c o mmo d a t i o n Of

m embers w ho freq uen t t he c l ub t o rea d the p a pe rs o r

ri o d i a l ub li ca ti o n s , o r t o pl a y bill ia rd s w hit e w i n e a n d
p e c p ,

b ra n dy a n d w a t er a re c h a rged by t he gl a s s .

In t h e di n i ng r oo m O f t he Cl ub H o us e a re tw o v ery i n
-

d i fferen t pa i n ti ng s w hi c h a re s a id t o rep res en t L o rd N el s o n

a n d t he D uk e o f W elli n g to n a n d a fi n e f ull l en g t h po rt ra it
,
-

o f Gen er a l V i s c o un t C o mberme re w ho fi ll ed in 1 826 t he

,

O ffi c e o f fi r s t Pr es id e n t o f t h e Cl ub The po rtr a i t s o f t w o
.

o t h er Pres ide n t s h a n
g i n th e r ea di n g r oo m O n t h e -
ea s t .

w a ll is a s triki ng li k en es s by M r A S C o e f
p . . o .
,

S i r W illi a m M a c ph er so n
'

O f t he I n di an Ci v il Se rvi c e
, ,

J udge O f the Hi g h C o ur t fro m 1 885 to 1 900 in w hi c h yea r ,

h e r eti red He en j o y s w ith S i r H en ry Th o by P ri n s ep t he

.

”
d i s ti nc ti o n o f bei n g t he l a s t o f t he H a il ey bury men a n d ,

w a s Pres id en t o f th e Cl ub fro m 1 886 t o 1 888 a n d a a i n

g
fro m 1 890 t o 1 895 O ppo s i t e h im is a po rt ra it o f M r
. .

C h a rl es M a rti n Pres id en t i n 1 87 1 a n d 1 872

, .

THE U N I TE D S E R V I C E CL U B
ls it ua t ed a t N O 29 C ho w ri nghee a n d 1 Kyd S treet
s .
, , , .

I t w a s fo un d ed a s t he Benga l M ilit a ry Cl ub in 1 845 .

O n t he 1 5th M a rc h 1 853 i t s des i gn a t ion w a s c h a n ged t o

, ,

the Ben ga l U n ited Se rv i c e Cl ub The n umber o f Member s.

i s un limit ed a n d c on s i s t s o f C o mmi s s i on ed O fi c ers a n d

,
 928 C A L C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

i n His M a j es t y M ili ta ry N ava l se vices,

'
Ch a pl a i n s s and r
a nd Of Me mber s Of His M a j es t y I n di a n C i v i l Servim;
'
s

a l s o o f s uc h B a rri s t er J ud ges o f t he H i gh Co urt a s may

-

h a v e rec ei v ed p er ma n en t a p po i n t men t s fro m t he Home

G ove r n men t . The M embers a re el ec t ed by b a llo t The .

Gov er n o r Gen er a l C o mma n d er in Chi ef a n d a ll o rd inary

-
,
- -

M ember s o f t he E x ec uti ve C o un c il o f t he G ov ern ment of

I n di a ma y be a d mitt ed w ith o ut ba ll o t ; a lso th e C h i ef Jus
,
-

t i c e o f t he C al c utt a H i g h Co ur t The c o n c er n s o f t he Club

.

a re ma n a ged by a Co mm i t t ee co n s i s t in g o f a
,
P res ident
a n d 1 2 M em be r s s t a ti o n ed a t t he Pres id en c y Th e en t rance .

fee O f ea c h member i s fi x ed a t R s 1 50 a n d in a d d i t i o n a
.
, ,

fee o f 1 5 r upees a s a d o n a ti o n t o t he Li bra ry F un d a nd a ,

s i mil a r s um a s d o n a ti o n t o t he B illi a rd F un d Th e s ub .

s c rip t i o n o f e a c h me m be r i s fi x ed a t 1 8 r upees p e r a n n um .

p a y a bl e i n a d v a n c e a n d 1 0 r upees per men s em i n a ddi ti on

,

fo r ea c h member re s id en t i n C a l c ut t a ; w hi le t h e a bs e ntee
s ubs c ripti o n is R s . 1 8 y ea rly A li mited n umbe r o f roo ms
.

a re a ll o t ed t o r es id en t members fo r r m a nen t o c c upa tion

p e .

a n d t he r e is a l s o pr o v i s i o n t o t he ex t en t O f t he m ea ns of

a c c o mm od a t i o n fo r t empo ra ry res ide n t s The C l ub has .

rec en tly been t ur n ed i n t o a li mi ted Li ab i l i t y Co m p a n y and

it s ma i n buildi ng o c c upi es ex c ell en t n ew prem i s es Th e .

n umbe r O f m embe r s is o ve r 600 .

THE N E W C LU B
Ha s it s pr emi s es in P a rk S treet in h o us e o nc e us ed as a

a S emi n a ry by M r W i ll i a m M ead o w s Fa rrell

. a nd a ft er ,

w a rd s occ upi ed by t he S urvey o r Gene ra l s O flic e

'
-
The .

es t a bli s h men t o f thi s C l ub i n 1 884 s u li ed muc h ne eded

pp a
 930 L
C A C U TTA o w AN D new .

ex ten s i ve a n d muc h has been d o ne t o imp ro v e t h e ma iden

,

ov er w hi ch th e Go l fers h a ve t o tra vel in a game

Th ere is a l so a pi ece o f t urf us ed by t he mem bers for
Bo w ls . The Cl ub i s th e pos s es s o r o f a h a n d s o m e pa ri
li o n w hi c h h ow ever a cco rdi ng t o Fort reg ul a t i o n s is
, , , ,

d eeme d a po rt a ble buildi ng o n ly , an d a s s uc h s ubject to ,

remo v a l a t s h o rt no ti c e D uri ng t he yea r sev e ra l v a l uable

.

pri z es a re c o mpeted fo r the mos t i mpo rta n t bein g ti:

,

Cl ub Gold M ed a l ; C a s h mere S i lver C up ; Bla c k h ea t h Gold

M ed a l ; M a d r a s S il ver M ed a l ; Bo mba y S il ver M ed a l ; St .

An d re w s S il ver Ch a ll eng e Ta n ka rd ; S il ve r C h a l lenge

’

C up .

In M a y 1 891 , aL a di es Go l f Cl ub w a s fo un d ed
’
an d :

r
c o u se w as l a id o ut fo r th em o n t h e o ppo s ite s i d e
, o f th:

c a s ua ri n a a v en ue.

TH E I N D I A N M U S E U M .

At t he j un c ti o n of C ho w ri nghee a nd S udder S t ree t , and

a dj o i n i n g t he n ew buildi ng o f t he U n ited Se rv ic e C l ub on
t he s o uth is t he ma s s i v e s t o n e edi fi ce d evo t ed t o t h e pur
,

po s es o f t he I nd i a n M us eum I t w a s erec ted fro m thr .

d es i gn s o f M r W a lt er B G ra n v il le, t he l a te G o v e rn ment
. .

A rc hi t ec t a n d w a s O pen ed t o t he publi c in t he y ea r 1 875

,
.

The fro n t ag e t o w a rd s C ho w ri nghee ex ten d s ov er a n a rea

o f 300 f eet w hil e t h e d ep th f a c i n g S udd er S treet o c c u ies
, p
270 feet . The fa ca d e ha s t w o s t o ri es o f g rea t h ei g h t in .

t he I t a li a n s tyl e o f a rc hitec t ure , t he t w o p ro j ec t i n w i

g n gs

a n d t he c en t r a l po rt i c o h a v i n
g el eg a n t C o ri n thi a n co lu m ns

A b r o a d fl i g ht o f s t ep s l ea d s t o a l o bb w hi h
y c o p en s or
,
932 C A L C U TTA O LD A N D N E W .

e ith er s ide i n to a roo m e igh t y f eet by t hi rt y T h ree series .

o f a r c h es l ea d t o a d o ub l e s t ai rc a se o f v e ry fi n e p ro p o rtions

a s c en di n g to t he ri gh t a n d l eft a n d beyo n d t h e f o o t of tit

,

s t a i r c a s e t he l o bby O pe n s o n t o a gra s s l a i d q ua d ranglr

- -

1 80 feet by 1 05 feet s urro un d ed by a s el ec t i o n o f t ro pical

,

pl a n t s ; a ro und t hi s t he i n n e r s id es o f t he bui l d i n g form a

pi a z z a o r a rc a d e The pi e rs o f t he a rc h es a re d ec orated
.

o n th e s id e f a c i n g t he q ua dr a n g l e w i t h en g a g ed c o lumns .

i n t he R o ma n D o ri c s t yl e o n t he g ro un d fl oo r a n d in thr ,

R o ma n I o n i c o n t he fi r s t fl oo r .

The l a rge h a ll a t t he h ea d o f t he s t a i r c a s e o ver thr -

,

p o r t i c o is 59 feet lo n g by 50 feet w ide a nd 50 f ee t high ,

w ith a fi ne pa ne ll ed c ei li n g a s a t p resen t , A t e a c h o f ti: .

fo ur c o rn ers o f t he buildi ng is a p a v ili o n 44 fe e t by 413 ,

feet in t w o s t o ri es ; a n o t h er s to rey ex i s ts o n e a c h o f th:

,

t w o fr o n t c o r ne r s a n d in t he o ri g i n a l pl a n s t h i s w a s su
,
r

mo un t ed by a hi gh pi t c he d ma n s a rd roo f a s w a s a ls o tit
-
,

roo m o ve r t he c en t ra l po rt i c o The up pe r ex h i bi t io n gal

.

le ries a re l ig hted by a rc h ed s ky li g ht s o n t w o s i d e s w hirl!

-

l ea ve the w h o le w a ll s pa c e a v a il a bl e a n d d i ff us e a s at:
,

a n d eq ua l li g h t t hro ug h t he roo m .

The M us eum is o pen t o t he publi c

d a i ly S un d a y ind ; ,

s ive ,
ex c epti ng o n Th ur s d a y a n d F rid a y i n ea c h w eek or .

w h i c h d a y s it is c l o s ed e x c ep t t o s t ud en t s
,
F r o m t he Is: .

t o t he 1 5th M a y a n d fr o m t he 1 s t t o t he 1 5t h N o v e mber
,

in ea c h y ea r , t he M us eum is c l os ed fo r c l e a n i n g a nd

rep a i rs O n c l o s ed d a y s tra v ell ers ca n us ua lly o b t a in 36

.

mi s s i o n t o t he ga ll eri es by a pplyi ng t o o n e o f t h e o ffi c es
The h o urs d uri ng w hi c h t he M us eum is o pen t o v is itors
a re fr o m 1 0 A M . .to 5 P M fro m t he l s t Feb rua ry t o I
. . s
!
934 C ALC UTTA O LD AN D N E W .

t he fo r ma l a s s en t of t he Govern o r Gen era l

- on t he 17th

D ec ember ,
1 876 .

The Ec o n o mi c a nd their o rig i n to Sir:

Art Sec t i o n ow e

Geo rge C a mpbel l In 1 874 th a t Li euten a n t G o vernor

.
-

es t a bli s h ed a M us eum i n H a s ti n gs S tr ee t n ot t o bring ,

t oget h er a s he ex p res s ed i t t hi n gs o r n a men t a l o r c urious .

s till l es s s p ec i men s o f fi n e Art but S pec i men s o f t h e cd

,

n a ry pr o d uc t s O f Ben g a l O f it s a g ri c ulture
,
i t s m i n erak ,

its ma n ufa c t ures a n d i t s fo res t s a n d w a s t es

,
F o r sum .

y ea r s it ha d but a l a n g ui s hi n g ex i s t enc e : a n d in o rder i f

a r o us e p ubli c i n t e res t in it th e c o l lec ti o n w a s i n 1 883 t ra ns

ferred a s a n a n nex e t o t he C a l c utt a I n tern a t i o n a l E x hibi

'

ti o n w hi c h w a s h eld in w h a t w a s t h en a n O pen s pa c e r
,

S udd er S treet be hi n d th e ma i n M us eum buil di ng At tm ‘

.

c l o s e o f th e E x hi biti o n it w a s a u men t ed b a l r ui
_ g y a g e s ts

o f I n di a n Pr o d uc t s c o ll ec t ed by t he Go v e rn me n t o f Ifi

fo r t he E x hi biti o n ; a n ex t en s i v e c o ll ec ti o n o f t h e Ar .

M a n ufa c t ures O f I n di a purc h a sed by the Ben g a l Go vem

me n t ; th e c o ll ec ti o n o f mo d el s a nd E thn o l o g i ca l O bjct? e

fo r med fo r t h e E x hi bi t i o n a n d o th er s pec i men s p re s e nt er:

,

by pri v a t e E x hi bit o r s Th es e c o llec ti o ns w e re p l a c ed i

.
'

c h a rg e o f t he C o mm itt ee o f t he O ld E c o n o m ic

un d e r t he n ew n a me O f t he B e ng a l E co no m i c a n d A "

”
M us eum B y Ac t IV o f 1 887 t h ey w ere h a n de d o ver
m
.

O n l s t April 1 887 t o t h e Tr us t ees o f the I pe ri a l u.

, ,

seum ; t he B en a l Go v e r n me n t h w r co t i u i tr
g o ev e ,
n n n g,

s upply t he f un d s fo r t h ei r ma i n t ena n c e a n d r et a i n ing t

,
.

rev e r s i o n a ry pro pe rt y in t h em s h o uld t he T r us t fo r a t?

,
'
,

r ea s o n be h erea ft er t ermi n a ted

,
.

Th e go v er n i n g b o dy M us eum
'

of t he at pres en t c o o sBfi
 THE I N D IA N M U S EUM .

of 21 Tr us t ees , na mely , the Acc o un t a n t -G en e r a l fo r t he

t i me bei ng ex -
oi
fi io
c ,
fi v e Trus t ees
pp o i n t ed by t he GO a

v ern me n t o f I n di a fiv e by t h e Gove rn men t of Ben ga l

,
v
,

fi v e by t he As i a ti c Soc i ety a n d fi v e mo re el ec ted by th e

,

S i x t ee n s o a ppo i n t ed Th e p res en t B o a rd i n c l ud es t he
.

Hea d s o f t he I mperi a l a n d Prov i n c i a l Sc i en ti fi c De pa rt

m e n t s ; t he Chi ef a n d t he R ev en ue Sec ret a ri es a n d t he ,

D i r e c t o r s o f P ubli c I n s t ruc tio n a n d o f Ag ri c ult ur e o f

Be n g a l a n d t w o o th er o ffic i a l membe rs ; a l ea di n g member
,

o f t h e E n g li s h c o mmerc i a l c o mmun ity i n C a lc utt a ; a n d

t w o i n fl uen t i a l r epres en t a t i v es O f H i n d oo a n d o ne o f ,

M a h o mmed a n C a l c utt a s oc i et y .

V i s i t o rs t o t he M us eum w ill find it t he mo r e c o n v en en i t

pl a n t o ma k e t he en tire c i rc uit o f t he g ro un d fl oo r , a nd

t h e n pr oc eedi n g up t he ma i n s t a i rc a s e ma k e t he c irc ui t

O f t h e up pe r fl o o r .

E n t eri n g by t he ma i n
r t he w es t t he A rc h e o
en t a n c e o n ,

l o g i c a l g a ll eri es lie i mmedi a t ely o n t he ri gh t O r s o uth .

T h es e a re fo ur i n n umber a n d oc c upy t he w h o l e o f the

,

s o ut h w es t er n a n d s o uth e rn s id es o f t h e g ro un d fl oo r
- On .

t h e ea s t a re t he I n v er t eb r a te s i n t he no rth ea s t c o r n er t h e -

I n s ec t s a n d o n t he n o rth t he g a ll eri es d ev o ted t o M i nera

,

lo g y a n d G eo l ogy In t he n o rth ea s t e rn c o r n e r i s t he fi r st
.
-

P a l a eo n t o l o g i c a l g a ll ery O n t he up per fl oo r t he rema i n

.
,

d e r o f t he P a l a eo n t o l og i c a l Sec ti o n is o n t he no r t h the ,

M a mma l s oc c upy t he E a s te rn Ga ll ery a n d the R eptil es ,

a n d B i rd s a re o n t he s o uth The w h o l e O f t he W es tern

.

s i d e o v er t h e ma i n en tr a n c e a n d t he A rc h aelo ic a l c ollec
g
t i o n bel o w h a s b een t emp o r a rily a ppro pri a t ed b t h
,
y e
936 CA C L U TTA O L D A N D N ew .

V i c t o ri a M emo ri a l H a l l Co llec t i o n ,
w h ic h d es e rves a

s epa r a t e a n d en t i rely s p ec i a l v i s i t .

T HE S C HOO L O F A R T .

( ,
28 C h o w ri n
g hee .
)
Adj o i n i ng t he I n di a n M us eum w ill be foun d t h e C a lc utta
Sc h o o l o f A rt a n d G o v er n men t Art Ga ll e ry T h e C a lc utt a .

Sc h oo l O f I n d us tri a l A rt w a s fo un d ed in 1 854 by a n As s o
c i a t io n o f gen t l eme n un d er t h e n a me o f The S o c i ety for
”
t he pr o mo ti o n o f I n d us tri a l Art , w hi c h o rig i n a t ed a t a

meet i ng h eld a t t he h o us e O f M r Ho dg so n P ra t t in the

.

ea rly p a rt o f t h a t y ea r The o bj ec t o f t h e S o c i e t y w as
.

s t a t ed t o be t o fo r m s c h oo l s fo r E a s t I n di a n a n d N a t ive

a —
S t ude n t s fo r i n s t r uc t i o n in : ( y E l emen t a ry D ra w i ng .

D ra w i n g fro m M o d el s a n d N a t ura l O bj ec ts a n d A rc hi
, ,

t ec t ura l D ra w i n g : ( b) — E t c hi n g a n d E ng ra v i n g i n “ ood
'

M et a l a n d S t o n e : — M od el li n g i nc l udi ng Po tt ery
,
.

The Sc h o o l w as pl a c ed un d er t he c h a rge o f M om .

R i g a ud , a F renc h pl a s ter c a s t ma ke r a n d fo r s omr

-
,

t i me t h e i n t er n a l d ec o r a t i o n o f buildi n g s i n pla s t e r fo rmed

t he c hi ef oc c up a t i o n o f t he p upil s A s pec i me n O f t heir

.

w o rk ma y be s een in t he B en g a l Leg i s l a ti v e C o un c il ro om - .

E a rly i n 1 860 M r G a rri c k w a s a p po i nt ed ma s t e r a n d a

.
,

tea c h er o f “ oo d E n g ra v i ng w a s a l s o emplo yed I n 1 864

'

t he c h a rge o f t he S c h oo l w a s a s s umed by t h e B e nga l

G o v er n men t . M r H H Lo c k e a gen tl ema n ex p e r i e n c ed

. . .
,

i n A rt a s a pr o fes s i o n a n d i n t he ma n a g emen t o f A rt
,

S c h o o l s in E ng l a n d ,
w as a ppo i n t ed Pri nc i pa l a n d a ,

s y s t ema t i c c o ur s e O f i n s tr uc ti o n i n w h a t m a y be t e r m ed t he
938 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N ew .

M r W H Jo bbin s w a s a p po i n ted a s a s uc c es s o r t o the

. . .

l a t e M r H H Loc k e i n 1 887 , a nd w a s h i ms elf s uc c eeded

. . .

by M r E B H a v el ] i n 1 896
. . . The te a c h er o f D ra w i ng is
.

S i g n o r G hil a rdi .

The G o v er n men t A rt G a ll ery hi c h is a tt a c h ed t o the

w

s c h o o l a n d i s O p en t o t h e p ubli c c o nt a i n s a fi ne c o ll ec t i on of

I n di a n Art i n c l udi ng ma n y rema rka bl e ex a mp le s o f t he

,

I n di a n Sc h o o l o f p a i n t i n g fro m t he Mog ul pe ri o d do w n t o
t he pres en t d a y Th es e S h o w th a t pa i n t i ng a s a fi n e Art
.

h a s rea c he d a muc h hi g h er s ta t e o f dev el o p men t i n I n dia

th a n is g en er a lly s upp o s ed In t h e c l a s s es fo r p ra c ti ml
.

d es i g n s p ec i a l a t t en ti o n is p a id to s t enc illi n g l ac q ue r w o rk
, ,

a n d t o fres c o d ec o r a t i o n b t h ld I di r r
y e o n a n p o c es s a s p ac

t is ed fr o m t he ea rli es t t i mes i n t h e d ec o r a t i o n o f I n d ia n

buildi n g s .

TH E M U N I C I P AL O FFI C E .

The o ffi c es O f t he C o rp o r a t i o n
C a l c utt a a re s i t ua t ed
of

i n C o rp o r a t i o n S t reet a n d occ upy a l a rge O p e n s p a c e

bet w een t h a t i mp o r t a n t th o ro ug hfa re a nd t h e M un i c i pal
M a rke t .Th ey a re a c c es s i bl e n o t o n ly fro m C o rp o ra t io n
S t reet but fro m C h o w ri n ghee by a s h o rt s t ri p o f roa d .

w hi c h ha s been r ecen t ly w id en ed a n d di s t i n g ui s h e d b y t he

n a me o f C h o w ri n h ee Pl a c e a n d w hi c h r un s i m m e d i a tely
g ,

n o r t h o f t he G r a n d H o t el The buildi n g a s it n o w s t a n ds
.

is i n t he fo r m o f a q ua dra ng l e O n t h e n o rt h a n d O p en
. ,

in g o ut up o n C o r po r a t i o n S t reet a re t he O ld hi un ic i pa l
,

O fli c es w hi c h did d ut y fo r ma n y yea r s but w ere w h o lly

i n s ufli c ie n t fo r t he a c c o mmo d a ti o n o f t h e ma n y b ra n c hes
o f t h e m un i c ip a l a d m i n i s t r a ti o n o f C a l c ut t a Th e y h a ve .
 TH E M U N IC I P A L O F FI C E .

been h a n d ed o v er t o t he C o rpo r a ti o n Pres s a n d it s s t uc c o

fro n t a g e pres en t s a n un fo r t un a t e c o n t ra s t t o the red bri c k
o f t h e rema i n i n g th ree s id es o f s q ua re w hi c h a re s up

pli ed by t he n ew offi c es Th es e h a v e been c o n s tr uct ed

.

i n a cc o rd a n c e w i t h t he d es i g n s o f M r B a n k s Gw y t her
.

a n d w er e c o mpl et ed i n 1 905 The e a s t er n a n d

.

w es t er n w i n g s w hi c h a re c o n n ec t ed w i t h t he o ld bl oc k by
.
,

mea n s o f c o v e red p a s s a g es a re t w o s t o ri ed a n d c on t a i n t he
,
-

s eve r a l o ffi c es o f t he ex ec utiv e an d c l eri c a l s t a ff o f t h e

C o rp o ra t i o n The s o ut h bl oc k is c a rri ed t o a h i ghe r l ev el

.
,

a n d t he ma i n fea t ure is t h e C en tr a l To w er w hi c h is r a i s ed
,

t o a h e i ght o f 1 05 f eet o v er t h e v es tib ul e o r t h e pri n c i pa l

en t r a n c e t o t he B uildi n g fa c i n g th e N ew M a rk et To
, .

t he ri gh t o f t he t o w er is t h e n ew C o un c il Ch a mber a n d

to t he l ef t a re t h r ee C o m mi t tee r oo ms w i t h r es id en t i a l ,

q ua r t er s fo r the Sec r et a ry t o the Co rp o r a ti on upon t he

fl o o r a bo v e B o t h t he C o un c il Ch a mber a n d t h e C o mmittee
.

ro o ms a re a ppro a c hed by a v es ti bul e a n d s t a irc a s e All .

t h e o ffi c e r o o ms a re pro v id ed w i t h d eep v er a n d a h s o n t h e

w e s t s id e w hil e t he Co un c il Ch a mber a n d o t h e r r oo ms i n
,

t h e c en tr a l bl o c k h a v e v er a n d a h s o n t h e N o r t h a n d S o uth

f a c es The buildi ng is t he refo re n o t o n ly w ell v en t il a ted

.
,

b ut t he c o rrid o r s f o r med by t he ve r a n d a h s a n d p a s s a ges

a ffo rd ea s y c o mmun i c a t i o n bet w ee n t h e s ev er a l o ffi c es

s i t ua t ed in t he o ld a n d n ew buildi n s
g W o rk i.s n o w be i n g
c a rri ed o n o n t h e l a n d a n d r o a ds r o un d a bo ut t he n ew build

i n gs a n d w h en thi s is c o mpl eted a n d t he pro j ec ted ma rk et

, ,

s q ua re l a id o ut o n t he s o uth w ith i t s l a w n a n d g ra vel

,

w a lk s the n ew M un i c i pa l O ffi c es S ho uld pres en t a n a ppea r

,

a n c e w o rthy o f t h e c i t y It is i n ten d ed t o pl a c e in t he
.

c en t re o f t h e s q ua re a B oe r gun pr esen t ed by t h e G o ve r n
94 0 CA L C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

me n t of I n di a t o t he c t i i z en s of C a lc ut t a a s a memorial
of t h e p a rt pl a y e d by I n di a in t he S o ut h A f ri c a C a mpa i gn
of 1 899 a nd 1 900 .

The C o unc il Ch a mbe r w hi c h is w ell w o rt h a v i s i t is

, ,

mo s t c o n ven i en t ly a p pro a c h ed fro m t he s o uth by t h e v est i

bul e benea t h t he t o w e r Asc e n di n g by a bro a d fl i g h t of
.

s t a i r s a t t h e n o r t h e r n en d o f t he v es ti bul e w e fi n d o ur
,

s el v es in a s p a c i o us l o bby To o ur l eft is t h e Co unc il

.

C h a mbe r : o n t h e ri g h t is a roo m fo r t he us e o f t h e C om
mi s s i o n er s a n d beyo n d t h i s a re t he C o mm i t t ee ro oms
,
- .

The l o bby is a d o r ned w i t h t he bus t s a n d po rt r a i ts of

mun i c ip a l w o r t hi es o f t he p a s t w hi c h fo r med un t i l recen tly
,

a r t f t h T w H ll ll ti d w r e r e mo v ed here
p o e o n a c o ec o n a n ,
e

d uri n g t he c urren t y ea r in a c c o rd a n ce w ith a res o l ut i on of

t he C o rp o r a t i o n . The bus t s a t p res en t a re t w o i n n umber .

a n d bo t h a re t he t ri but e O f me mbe r s a n d o ffi c e r s o f t he

C o rp o r a ti o n . The fi r s t is t he ma r bl e bus t o f S i r HE N RY
L E L AN D H A R R I S O N KT w h o s e po rtr a i t a n d ca ree r h a ve
, .
,

a lrea dy c l a i med a t t en t i o n i n t he c h a pt e r o n t he To w n Ha ll .

Th e Ch a ir ma n s hip o f t he C o rpo r a ti o n i s o rd i n a ri ly filled

by a membe r o f th e Ci v il S e r v i c e fo r t w o o r th ree y ea rs at
a t i me , a n d us ua l ly a s a s t eppi n g s t o n e t o s t i l l h ig her

pr o mo t i o n . Si r H en ry H a rri s o n h eld i t un i n te r rup tedly

fro m 1 881 to 1 890 a n d en j o y s t he un iq ue di s ti n c t io n of a
n i n e y ea r s
’
t en ure o f t he p o s t He w a s k ni ghted i n 1 887
.

o n t h e oc c a s i o n o f t he J ubil ee o f Q ueen V i c t o ri a a n d d ied

,

s udd enl y o f c h o l er a a t Chi t t a o n

g g i n 1 89 2 H i s c
. h a ir
ma n s hi p is r en d ered memo r a bl e by s uc h i mpo rta n t mun i
c i p a l e v en t s a s t he d o ubli n f t h w t r u l f t h e
g o e a e s pp y O
-

c ity t h e a ma l a ma ti o n O f t he s ubur ba n mun i c i p a l i t i es w i th

, g
942 L
C A C U TT A O L D AN D N e w .

t he fo ur o r fi v e c hi efs O f gen ui n e emi n en ce w hi ch the ,

C o rpo ra ti on of C a l c ut ta ha s been pri v ileged to po s s es s an ,

ev en hi g h er r a n k mus t be a c co rd ed t o M r R O BE RT .

TU R N B U LL ,
fo r h is mun ic ip a l reco rd i s w i t h o ut a
p a r a llel C o mmen c i ng h is ca reer in 1 857 a s S ec ret a ry to
.

t he t hr ee M un i c ip a l C o mmi s s i o n er s a ppo i n t ed by a n a ct of

t he pr ev i o us y ea r fo r t he c o n s erva n c y a n d i mp ro v emen t
”
o f C a lc ut t a , he s er v ed t he J us ti ces i n t he s a me c a pa ci ty
fro m t he mo men t o f t h ei r a s sumpt i o n o f c i v i c a ut h o ri t y in
1 863 un t il t h eir d epri v a ti o n o f it i n 1 876 An d w h en a
.

remod ell ed a n d repres en ta t i ve C o rpo ra ti on ca me i n t o et is

t en c e a t t he biddi ng o f S ir R i c h a rd Tem ple in t h a t y ea r he ,

c o n t i n ued to a c t a s t he ri g h t h a n d ma n o f t h a t n ew a n d un

t ri ed bo dy un til t he y ea r 1 888 w h en t h e s ubur b s w ere

a mal ga m a t ed w i t h th e c i t y a n d a f ur t h er e x t e n s i o n o f
w r o f s elf go v e r n men t n fe rr e d u p t h em So
p o e s c o
-
o n .

r ea t w a t h s t ee m i n w hi c h M r Tur n bull w a s h l d by
g s e e . e

t he C o mm i s s i o n er s th a t U p on h is r et i r ement i n 1 888 he ,

w a s v o t ed a s p ec i a l p en s i o n eq ua l i n a mo un t t o t h e s a l a r
y
he w a s d r a w i n g He s urv i v ed t he s ev er a n c e o f h i s c o n
. ~

n ec t io n w i t h t h e C o rp o r a t i o n fo r f o ur t ee n y ea r s a n d di ed

in C a l c ut t a in 1 902 uni v ers a lly res pec t ed a n d reg re t t ed .

Th e p o r t r a i t w hi c h c o m memo r a te s h is p ubli c s erv i c e s a n d

,

h is pri v a t e v i rt ues is t he o utc o me o f a p ubli c s ubs c ri p t i on

,

a n d w a s p a i n t ed by M r J a mes Arc h e r .
, d uri ng
M r Tur n bull s li feti me
’
. .

M r H AR R Y LE E
.
, h o se n a me is pr es e rv ed i n t h e
w

s ubur bs by a r o a d w hi c h i s r a idly ri s i n i f r i
p g n a v o u w th
t he E n g li s h i n h a b i t a n ts o f t he c i t y w a s Ch a ir ma n O f t he
,

C o r p o r a t i o n fr o m April 1 6t h 1 890 to M a rc h 3l s t 1 89 5
, , , .
 THE M U N I C I P A L O F FI C E .

an d serve d as a M ember of th e B en g al Legi s l a ti v e C ounc il

from 1 892 t o 1 894 Few Ch a i rmen
. h a v e been s o w id ely
ul r n ui n ely es t eemed a s M r L d h
p p
o a o r S O ge e.e : a n t e

prema t ure term i n a ti o n o f his c a reer by c a n c er in 1 895 w a s

rega rded up o n a ll h a n d s a s a s eri o us bl ow t o t he c ity He .

w a s a s en erge ti c a nd v i g o r o us i n ex ec uti o n a s h e w a s

c o urt eo us a n d en g a g i n g in ma n n er : a n d h e w a s a s pec i a l

fri en d t o t he s t ud en t c o mmun ity o f C a l c ut t a w ho h a ve ,

p p
e r e t ua t ed h i s m e m o ry a n d h i s ma n y ki n d n es ses t o th em
by t he i n s tit uti o n o f t h e Lee Ch a ll enge S hi eld fo r Foo t bal l
.
,

an a ppr o pri a t e memo ri a l fo r o n e w ho w a s in hi s da y

”
a n E n g li s h I n ter n a tio n a l .

R AI K R I S TO D A S PAL BA HAD U R , fo r ma n y
y ea r s
t oo k a pro mi n en t p a rt i n muni c ip al a ff a i r s a s a J us ti c e o f

t h e P ea c e a n d l a t er a s M un i c ip a l C o mmi s s i o n er His .

p o l iti c a l s erv i c es a re co mmemo r a t ed by a s t a t ue w hi c h

s t an d s a t t he j un c t i o n o f H a rri s o n R o a d a n d C o ll e e S treet
g ,

a n d a f ull a cc o un t o f h is c a re er w ill be fo un d i n t h e C h a pt er

w h i c h d ea l s w ith t he S t a t ues o f C a l c ut t a He di ed i n
.

1 884 a t t he a ge o f 46 l ea v i ng a s o n B a bo o R a dh a Ch a ran
P a l w ho ha s w o rthily fo ll o w ed i n h i s f a the r s foo t s tep s a s
’
,

a n e n erg eti c a n d i n d ep en d en t r epres en t a ti v e o f t he r a te

p a y e r s o u t h e C o rp o r a t i on .

W e ma y n ow t ur n o ur a tt en ti on t o t h eC ouncil C h a mbe r ,

t h e e n tra n c e t o w hi c h li es o n o ur l eft I t w a s fo rma lly

.

O p e n e d o n t he 1 7th J un e 1 905 ,
by M r R T G reer t h e
, . . .
,

l a t e C h a i r ma n o f th e C o rpo r a ti o n pri or t o his d epa rt ure o n

,

s i c k l e a v e : a n d t he M un i c ip a l C o m mi s s i o n er s a re t o be

c o n g r a t ul a t ed u o n h a v i n g s a id a fi n a l f a r ew ell t o t h e
p
d i n g y ro o m o n th e upp er fl oo r o f t he To w n H a ll i n w hi c h
 C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W
L .

t h ey we e r ma ny yea r s c o mpel le d t o ho ld t h ei r meet

for so

i ngs . The C h a mbe r i s l o fty , w ell li g ht ed a n d f ull y eq uip ,

ped w ith l ri c li g ht s a nd fa n s A ga ll ery a t e i t he r end

e ec t .

a nd t he C h a i rma n s d a i s reli eve th e mo n o to n

’

y o f t h e h a re

w a ll s a n d t h er e is a n a i r o f di g ni t y a s w ell a s o f c omfort
, , .

a bo ut t he a p po i n t me n t s w hi c h is di s t i n c tl y a r r ia t e
pp p o .

E a c h o f t h e fi f t y C o m mi s s i on er s i s pro v id ed w i th a sea t and

a d es k Th es e a re a rra nged in h o r ses h oe fa s hi o n and
.
,

a ll fac e t o w a rd s a co mmo n cen t re t h e Ch a i r w hi ch is

, ,

p l a c ed o n a r a i sed pl a tfo r m di r e c t ly be n ea t h t h e e a s t ern

ba lc o ny w hi c h w a s o ri g i n a lly i n t en d ed fo r t he R ep orters
'

G a ll ery Th e c h a i r s a re uph ols tered i n g r ee n mo rocco

.

l ea t h er a n d th e a r ms o f t he C o rp o ra ti o n a re e m blaz oned
,

i n g o ld upo n t h e ba c k of ea ch Bo t h sea t s a n d desks

.

a re pl a c ed on p l a t fo r ms w h i c h ri s e g ra d ua lly t o w a rds thr

ba c k a nd a n a mple g a ng w a y r un s bet w een t h e s epa ra te

,

bloc ks O n ei t her s ide O f th e C ha ir ma n a n d a l s o upon tilt

.

da i s b ut on a sl ig h t ly l ow er l ev el a re the s ea t s o f t he V ic e
Ch a i rma n a n d th e D ep uty Ch a ir ma n D irec t ly be lo w tilt .

da i s a re t he c ha irs o f t h e Sec r eta ry a nd t he o ffi c i a l Re

po rt er The C ha i r ma n s d a i s is ha n d s o mely pa n el led and
.
’
,

t he c h a ir i s hea v ily ca rved w i t h mo rocc o l ea the r s ea t and

,

ba c k a n d s urmo un t ed by a go ld pa nel a n d t he A rm s of the

,

C o rp o r a t i o n In t he c en t re o f t he h a ll t he re is an
.

el ab o rat el y ca rved t a bl e - a n d o n th e w es t e rn w a ll tha t

,

h a n gs a n el a bo r a te pa rc h men t d oc umen t by w h ic h the

c o ll ege o f H era ld s h a v e been p le a s ed t o g r a n t a rm s t o ti t

C o rp o r a ti o n .

The mo s t se ri o us d efec t w h ic h t he Co un c il C ha mber

,

h a s y et been fo un d t o pos s es s h a s rel a tio n t o the ac oustit

,
956 L
C A C U TTA o w AN D n ew .

a ppro v a l o r s a n c ti o n o f t he C o rpo ra ti o n o r o f t h e G e n eral

Co mmi t tee w h erever t hi s is ex p res s ly s o d i rec t ed As a ) .

c i a t ed w i t h t he c h a ir ma n w h o is a ppo i n te d b y t h e loc al
,

o v er n men t a n d w h o is a m e mbe r o f t he I d i a C i vil

g n n

Se r v i c e a re a V ic e Ch a i r ma n a nd a D ep uty Ch a i rm a n The
- -
.

fo r mer is el ec ted by t he C o rp o ra ti o n a n d ha s bee n i n v es ted

w ith t he c hi ef fi n a n c i a l c o n tr o l Th e l a tter i s a p p o i n t ed by
.

Go v er n men t a n d is o rdi n a rily a j un i o r me mbe r o f t h e Ci vil

S erv i c e but h is pri nc ip a l d ut y n ev erth el es s is t h e s uper
, , ,

v i s i o n o f t he r ev en ue c o ll ec ti o n a n d o f t he B ui ldi n
-
a d
g n

Cons erva n c y D epa rt men t To t he Co rpo ra t i o n w h ic h E

.
,

el ec t ed t ri en n i a lly i s r es erved t h e rig ht o f fi x i n g t h e ra te

, s

o f t a x a ti o n a n d a ll tho s e gen eral f un c ti o n s w h i c h c a n be

effi c i e n tl y perfo r med by a l a rge bo dy , p ro v i s i o b i

n e n g
ma d e a t t h e s a me t i me to preven t t hei r d eli bera t i o n s im
p e d i ng t h e t ra n s a c t i o n o f bus i n es s T h e G e
. n e r a l C o m
mi t t ee s t a n d s bet w een th e d eli be ra t i ve a n d t he ex e c ut ive
a uth o rity a n d d ea l s w ith th os e ma tt ers w hi c h a re d e c l a red
,

t o be by th ei r n a t ure ill a d a p t ed fo r di s c uss i o n b y t h e Co r

-

o ra t ion a n d yet a re t oo im po rt a n t t o be l e ft t o t h e di s o s al
p , p
o f t he Ch a ir ma n a l o ne The t o t al n umber o f C o mm i s
.

s io n ers h a s been r ed uc ed fro m 75 t o 50 o f w ho m 25 a re ,

e l ec t ed by t he r a tep a y er s o f the 25 w a rd s w ho fo rm erlv

r et ur n ed d o ubl e th a t n umbe r a n d t h e res t a

pp o i t d b
, n e y
Go v e r n men t t he B eng a l Ch a mber of C o mmerc e t h e C o m
, ,

mi s s i o n er s fo r the P o rt o f C a lc utt a a nd th e C a lc ut t a ,

Tr a des As s oc i a ti o n in t he pro p o rti o n o f 1 5 4 2 a n d 4

, , , ,

res pec ti vely The Gen era l C o mmi tt ee c on s i st s o f 1 2 C on n

.

mi s s i o ner s o ne thi rd o f w h o m a re elec ted by t he W a rd

,

Co m m i s s i o n e r s a n,
e q ua l n um b e r by t he no min a t ed C o m
mi s s i o ners a n d t he re ma i n d er by Govern men t
,
P ro v i s i o n .
 THE M U N IC I P A L M A R KE T.

ha s th us been ma d e fo r th e
d eq ua t e repres en ta tio n o f
a

t hose co mmerc ia l i n teres t s w hi c h ha v e c rea ted mo d ern

C a lc utta but w hi c h w h en left t o t he c h a nc es o f el ec ti on

, ,

in t he pa s t a lleg ed th ems el ves to be h o pel ess ly o ut n um

,

bered .

THE M U N I C I P A L M AR K E T .

The C al c utta M un ic ip a l M a rk et s t a n d s t o t he s o uth o f

th e M un i c ip a l O ffi c e . Th e es t a bli s h men t o f a Ma rk et fo r
t he s a l e o f a ll ki n d s o f foo d fo r E ur o pea n c on s ump ti o n w a s ,

fo r y ea rs un d er c o n s ide ra t i o n ; but i t w a s n o t un til 1 866 ,

t h a t i t w a s r es o l ve d t o c o n s tr uc t o n e o n a l a rge a n d c o m

s c a l e a n d t he o ld baz a r c a l l ed F en w ic k s ba z a r w i t h
’

p l et e , ,

t h e fi l t hy l a n es a n d bus tee s urro un di n g w a s t a k en up fo r ,

t h e p urpo s e The ma rk et w a s o pen ed in 1 874

. . It is a n
ex t en s i v e buildi ng ,
fo r mi n g t hr ee s id es o f a q ua dr an g l e .

Th e pri n c ip a l en tr a nc e is in Li n d s a y S treet t o w hi c h it p re ,

s en t s a fr o n t a g e o f a bo ut 300 f eet . The l a nd a n d m a rke t

buildi n g c o s t a bo ut R s . The ma rk et s uffered
sev er ely a t t he o ut s et o f it s c a ree r fro m t he c o m pet iti o n

o tf h e D h u r ru m t o l l a h B a z a r,
w hi c h w a s e s t a bli s h ed in 1 79 4
a nd s t o o d a t t h e c o r n e r o f D h u r r u m t o l la h a n d Ch o w

ri n g h ee a n d it s f o rt u n e s did n o t p r o s p er u n til t h e J u s ti c e s

s u b s e q u e n tly b o u g ht t h e b a z a r fo r s e v e n l a kh s . T h e w h o le

o f th i s m o n e y w a s r a i s e d b y G o v e r n m e n t l o a n , t h e i n t e re s t

m m b h f h
'

o f w hi c h i s fa r o r e th a n e t y t e r en t s o t e s t a ll s a n d
s h o p s i n t he ma rk et .

A a gl r e n u m b e r o f i m pr o v e m e n t s i n t h e m a r ke t h a v e

t
la e ly b ee n e ffec t ed : an d it i s i n c o n t em p l a ti o n t o e r ec t a n

ex t e n s i o n o f t h e b ui l di n g o n t he l a n d t o t h e e a s t T h e.
948 L U TTA
CA C O L D A N D new .

ma n a g emen t o f t he M a rk et is ex c el en t l a nd i t i s q ui t e o ne

o f t he n o t ew o rthy i n s tit ut i o ns o f t he c i t y . To M r . W M . .

J o ne s ,
t he l a t e S uperi n tend en t ,
w ho di ed a f t er a lo ng

t en ur e o f o ffi c e in 1 906 , is due m uc h of t he c red i t fo r its

s uc c es s ful prog res s The v i s i t o r w ill fi n d t h a t t h e re is
.

h a rdly a n y t hi n g h e re q ui res w hi c h he c a n n o t o bt a i n The .

o ld id ea o f a Foo d M a rk et h a s ex p a n d ed i n t o a s c h em e of

t h e mo s t c o mpreh en s i ve c h a r a c t e r : a n d w h il e t h e m ea t is

rel ega t ed t o t he E a s t a nd t he veg et a bl es t o t h e W es t

, ,

t he c en t re ,
w ith it s w id e c o rrid o r and c o m fo rt a ble

s h o p s i s g i v en o ver t o t he v en d o r s o f ev ery s o rt o f m i s c el
,

la n eo us g oo d s M r R udy a rd K i pli n g in t he l a s t c h a p ter

. .

o f h i s C al c ut t a s ke tc h es p ubli s h ed un d e r th e t i t l e o f The
c i t y o f D r ea df ul N i g h t h a s g i ven a l ively d esc ri p t i o n of
t he ma rk et a n d i t s fr eq uen t er s .

T HE U N I V E R S I TY S E N AT E HO U SE
IS is t ua t e d in C o ll eg e S t reet . The buildi ng , i
w h ch w a s

o p en ed i n 1 873, i s a ma s s i v e
r uc t ure fro n te d by a s pa
st

c io us a n d l o ft y p o r t i c o s upp o rt ed
,
by I o n i c c o l um n s ,

be n e a t h w hi c h a fli g h t o f s t o n e s t ep s l ea d s up t o t h e m a in
-

buildi n g . A t t he t o p o f t h es e s t ep s s t a n d s a fi n e f ull
l e n g t h s t a t ue i n w hi t e ma r bl e o f th e l a t e Ho n bl e P ro s un n o ’

K uma r Ta g o re , ( 1 8 0 3 6 8 ) fo un d e r o f t he Ta
-
g o re

La w Pr o fes s o r s hip Th e c eili n g o f th e c en t ra l h a ll ra t s

.

U p o n C o ri n t hi a n pill a rs Thi s fi ne h a ll is a bo ut 60 fe e t in
.

br ea d t h a n d it s l en g t h i s mo re t h a n 200 feet
,
I t is fla n ked .

o n ei t h er s id e by e x t e n s i ve c o rrid o r s 20 fee t w i de , O ne .

o f t w o s id e r oo m s c o n t a i n s t he U n i v e r s i t y Li b r a ry w hic h ,

c o n s i s ts of a v a l ua bl e c o ll ec ti o n o f boo k s c o m p ris in g ,
950 CA CL UTTA O LD A N D N e w .

M r Atki n so n
. per ma n en t ly a p po i n ted W it h h is p upils
, w as .

he e n j o ye d g rea t pop ul a rity a n d t he C a lc ut ta R e vi ew on ,

rec ei v i n g n ew s o f his s udd en dea th s po ke o f h i m a s the

”
M a m ul a y s great
’
N es to r o f E d uc a ti on i n B en ga l .

ed uc a t i o n mi n ut e o f Februa ry 2n d 1 835 w a s d i s i n t e rred , ,

by W oo d ro w fro m t he mas s o f o ffi c i a l rec o rd s i n w h i c h it

la y fo rg o t t en a n d w a s fi r s t p ubli s h ed by h i m i n M a y 1 862 .

( )
2 J AM E S S U TC L I FFE M A for up w a rd s o f 21 yea rs
,
. .
,

Pri n c ip a l o f t he P res id enc y C o ll eg e fo r 1 2 yea rs R eg i s trar ,

o f t he U n i v er s ity a n d fo r t he l as t tw o ye a rs o f h is life

D i rec t o r o f P ubli c I n s truc t i on in Benga l He w a s born .

in 1 824 a n d di ed o n J uly 29t h 1 878 The i n sc ri p t i o n t e

, .

c o rd s t h a t t hi s b us t w a s erec t ed by p upil s a n d f ri e n d s in

I n di a w ho r et a i n a g ra tef ul rec o ll ec t i o n o f h is un v a ry ing

dili g en c e a n d ki n d n es s .

( 3 ) S m C E C I L B HA D O N Fell o w o f th e U n i ver
,

s it y o f C a l c ut t a L ieut en a n t o v ern o r o f Ben g a l f rom

,

Apri l 1 862 t o April 1 867

, ,
Bo r n 22nd D ec emb e r 1 81 3
, .
, ,

di ed 1 8t h J uly 1 880 ,
.

( )
4 C HA R L E S H E N R Y TAW N E Y C I E M A f o rmerly , . . . .
,

F el lo w o f T ri n i t y C o llege C a mb rid ge a n d b ra c k eted , ,

Se n i o r Cl a s s i c i n 1 8 6 0 H. e j o i n ed t h e I n di a n E d u c a t i o n a l
De p a r t m e n t i n 1 8 6 4 ,s e r v e d fo r m a n y y ea r s a s P ro f es so r

a nd Pri n c ip a l o f t h e Pr e s id e n c y C o ll e g e C a lc u tt a o
,
t ti ,

c i a t ed t hr e e t i m e s a s D i r ec t o r o f P u b li c I n s t r u c t i o n in

B en g a a n d l w a s fo r e i g h t y e a r s R e g i s tr a r o f t h e U n i v e rs i ty
of C l
a c ut t a . O n r e t i r e m e n t i n 1 8 9 5 h e w a s ,
a pp o i n t e d
Li b r a ri a n a t t he I n d i a o ffi c e a nd h eld th a t pos t un t il 1 903 .

He en j o y s a hi g h r e p u t a t i o n a s a S a n s k rit S c h o l a r T h e .

i n s c ri pt i o n rec o rd s t h a t t he bus t w a s e rec ted i n J a n ua ry .

 THE U N I V E R S ITY S E N ATE n o o s e . 95 1

1 895 , p upil s a n d fri en d s in I n di a w h o ret a i n

by his ,

a g r a t ef ul r eco ll ec ti o n o f h is un v a ryi ng ki n d n es s a n d a

r f un d r es p ec t fo r t he w ide r a n e o f h is l ea rn i n a nd
p o o
g g
f o r h is s p ec i a l er udi t i o n in t h e c l a s s i c a l li t er a t ure a like o f
E ur o p e a n d o f I n di a .

( 5 ) R AJ A L A L A M ITR A
R AJ E N D R A ,
D oc t o r o f
L a w s : bo r n 1 824 di ed 1 891 ,
A di s ti n gui s h ed B en g a lee
.

a ut h o r a n d li n g ui s t A t t he a ge o f 22 h e w a s a ppo i n te d
.

As s i s t a n t Sec ret a ry t o t he As i a t i c S oc i et y o f Ben g a l a n d

h el d t he o ffic e fo r t en y ea rs d uri n g w hi c h he dili g en t ly
,

s t udi ed S a n s krit a n d i t s a lli ed l a ng ua g es S ir R i c h a rd

.

Temp le d es c ri bed h i m a s t he mos t eff ec t i v ely l ea r n ed

H i n d u o f h is da y bo t h a s reg a rd s E n g li s h a n d o rien t a l
c l a s s ic s His k n o w l ed ge o f S a n s krit B eng al ee P ers i a n
.
, , ,

H i n di U rd u a n d U riy a w a s pr o fo un d a n d he w a s a c q ua i n t
, , ,

ed in a ddi t i o n w i t h G r eek L a ti n F r en c h a n d Germa n

, ,
.

H i s w o rk s up o n B udh G a y a t h e An tiq uiti es o f O r is s a , ,

a n d t he I n d o A ry a ns a re mo n umen t s o f ex t en s i v e a n d
-

p a t i en t res ea rc h a n d o f d eep an d v a ri ed erudi t i o n He .

fi ll ed t h e o fii c e i n 1 885 o f Pres id en t o f t he As i a ti c S oc i ety

o f B en g a l a n d w as a l s o P res id en t o f t h e B ri t i s h I n di a n

A s s o c i a t i o n Pres id en t o f t h e C en t r a l Tex t boo k C o mmi t t ee

,

a nd a M u n i c ip a l C o m m i ss i on e r fo r t h e T o w n o f C a l c u tt a .

N o Be g n a l e e o f h i s t i m e i s m o r e fi t l y h o n o u r ed b y a m em o

ri a l w i t hi n t h e w a ll s o f t h e Sen a t e H o us e .

The fo ll o w i ng p a i n t i n gs a l s o a d o r n t h e S en a te H o us e ;
o i l-

o f Ra i M d h u b Ch u d r R B h d u r B A
( 1 ) a n e o y a a , . .
,

M I C B b
. . o r.n l s t
. A,
pril 1 8 4 1 di ed 2
,
l s t S e pt e
,
m b er 1 9 0 2 , ,

P B rj ); ( )2 f D T r il ky N h M i t t
( y
b R a n
. e e e . o r a o a a.t ra ,

M . A D . L , ( )
3 o f
. H e .r M a j es ty Q u e e n V i c t o ri a w ith t h e ,
952 L
C A C U TTA O LD AN D N ew .

fo ll o w i n g i n s c ripti o n In c o mmemo ra ti o n o f t h e v ic t o rv -

a c hi e v ed by t he i n v i n c i b l e B ri t i s h A r my un de r t h e c o m

ma n ders h ip o f Lo rd R obe rt s t he o bj ec t o f t h e b l es s i ngs ,

o f R a j a N a tt a N a r ay a n t h e embo d i men t o f H e r o i s m in
,

war Thi s po rtr a it o f E mpr es s V i c t o ri a i s p res e n t e d to

.

t he U n i v er s i t y o f C a l c ut t a a s a h umbl e o ff e ri ng o f v en era

ti o n a n d l o y a l t y by So urin dra Mo h un Ta go r e M us D o n ,
. .

C a lc ut t a J un e , ( )
4 ,o f t h e R ev K M B a n e r jee . . . .

D L
. .
, bo r n 1 81 3 die d 1 885 ; ( 5) o f R a i B un kim
,

Ch un d er Ch a t terj ee B a h a d ur t he fa mo us Ben g a lee n o ve ,

li s t bo r n 1 838 di ed 1 894
, , .

LA M A R TI N I E R E C O LL E GE

m er f L o w e r C i rc ula r R o a d L o ud o n S tr ee t
‘

( o o a nd .

La M a r t i n i ere
C a lc ut t a t ogeth er w ith s i m i la r In sti
of ,

t ut io n s a t L uc k no w a n d Ly o n s w a s f oun d ed b G l
y e n
, e ra

Cl a ud e M a rt i n He w a s o ri g i n a lly a c o mmo n s o l d ie r in
.

t h e F r en c h A r my a n d fo ug h t un d er C o un t
,
L a l ly He .

a ft e rw a rd s en t er ed t he s e r v i c e o f t he E as t I n di a C o m p a n y .

a n d r o s e t o t h e r a n k o f M a j o r Gen e r a l He a m a s s ed a-
.

pri n c ely fo r t un e a nd di ed a t L uc k n o w o n t h e 1 3t h S ep
,

t embe r 1 800 ,
In h is w ill he s t a t ed h is pr o pe r t y t o be
.

1 23 . 1 0d .

G en e ra l M a r t i n beq uea th ed R s . to be d e v ot ed
to t he es t a bli s h men t o f a Sc h oo l fo r t he Chri s t i a n i n ha bi
t a n ts C a l c ut t a ; a n d a f ur t h er s um o f R s
of w as .

"
t o a dd t o t h e p e r ma n en c y o f t he s c h o ol
“
beq uea t h ed .

W i t h g rea t w i s d o m h e refr a i n ed fro m burd en i n g h is edu

c a t io n a l beq ues t s w i t h a n y c o n di t i on s ex c ep t o n e an , .
954 C A C U TTA O LD A N D N E W .
L

mo n thl y fee The a n n i vers a ry o f Ge n e ra l M a rt in s

'
of a .

dea th is , in ter ms o f his w i ll , o bs erved w i t h p ec ulia r

h o n o rs An a p pro pri a te se r mo n is pr ea c h ed
. to the

c hildren a n d t w o S ilv er me d a l s fo r g oo d c o n d uc t a re pre

,

s en t ed t o t he bes t beh a v ed bo a d i rl ; a ll t h e d j o urn

y n g n a

t o t he di n i n g r oo m w h ere t he y p a rt a k e o f a s um p tuous
,

di n n er a n d dri n k a to a s t in s il enc e to t he me m o ry o f the

fo un d er Th e An n ua l E x a mi n a ti o n s a nd t h e D is t ribu
.

t i o n o f Pri z es t a k e p l a c e j us t be fo re t h e Ch ri s t m a s ho li

d a y s w h en t w o Go ld Me d a l s a re pres en t ed t o t h e boy
,
'

a n d g irl w h o s t a n d hi g h es t i n th ei r res pec t i v e s c ho o ls

B o t h t he Bo y s a n d the G i rls D ep a r t men t s o f t h e I n s ti

’ ’

t ut i c o a re a ffi li a t ed t o t he C a l cut ta U n i ve r s i t y up t o t he

B A S t a n d a rd a n d a re a t pr ese n t und er v e ry a b l e a nd
. . ,

s uc c e s s ful E d uc a ti o n i s t s a s H ea d s .

The
fo ll o w i n g i n sc rip t i o n i n s c ri bed o n t w o t a b le ts in
E n gli s h a n d B en g a li c h a r a c t er s is pl a c ed in t h e g ra n !
en t ra n ce o f L a Ma r t i n i ere : Thi s sc h oo l n a me d La ,

M a r t i n ier e w a s es t a bli s h ed a nd i s s up po rt ed b y m ea n s of
,

pr o per t y beq uea th ed fo r th a t p urp o s e by Cl a ud e M a rt i n a ,

n a t i v e o f F r a n c e a n d a M a j o r Gen er a l i n t he s e rv i c e o f t in
,
-

H o n o ura ble E a s t I n di a C o mp a n y He w a s bo rn i n the .

c it v o f Ly o n s o n t h e 5t h d a y o f J a n ua ry i n t h e y e a r of ,

o ur Lo rd 1 7 35 a n d di ed a t L uc k no w
,
i n th e K i n g d o m d ,

O ud e o n t he 1 3t h da y o f S ept e mbe r in t he ye a r o f o ur Lo rd
,

1 800 Thi s buildi ng w a s c o mpl et ed o n t he 3l s t D ec e m ber

.
,

1 9 35 D es i g n ed by J
. H R a t tra y E s q
. . e rec t ed by
,
.
,

” ’
J .P P a
. rk e r A n o th
. e r t a bl e t in S t J o h n s C h ur c h t e
. s ti
fi es t ha t t h e s um o f R s s i c c a r upees is
. a gi ft

g r a n t ed b v M a j o r G en e r a l Cl a ud e M a r t i n t o t h e
-
p o o r o f
 u LL EG E 955
’
S T. X A v za s C O
-
.

C l
a c u ta t ,
t he i n t e res t o f w hi c h d a ily di s t ri buted i n is t o be
” ‘
p e rp e t uity A t Ch
. a n d ern ag o r e i n t h e Ch u r c h o f S t ,
.

L ou i s is a t hi rd i n s c ripti o n ;
, la so mme de c i n q ua nt e
m ill e r o upi es a é té l ég uée p a r le M a j eur G é n é r a l Cl a ude -

M a rt i n n é a Lyo n s a fi n q ue les i n t é ré t s en pro v en an t

, ,

S o i en t d i s t ri b ué s
j o um e l le me n t a u x pa u v re s de Ch a n d er

n a g o re a rp et uit é
p e .

ST X AV I E R S C O LL E G E
'
.
,

( 1 0 a nd 1 1 , P a rk S treet .
)
W a s i n s t i t ut ed by t he F a th er s of t he S oc ie t y of J es us ,

w ho , in 1 834, t by t he P O pe t o s upport the

we e r s en

c a us e o f reli g i o n i n C a l c utt a It o w ed it s fi r s t es ta bli s h .

m e n t to t he pi o us gen e ro s i t y o f t w o ri c h res iden t s o ne ,

o f w h o m v a c a t ed a n d g a v e up h i s o w n h o us e fo r th e p ur
,

s a d t h t h e r f ur n i s h ed t h e C o ll eg e thro ugh o ut and

p o e n , e o ,

bes t o w ed a l ibe r a l pen s i o n fo r it s s uppo rt d uri n g t he firs t

fe w mo n t h s o f it s ex i s t en c e .

In t he y ea r 1 846 t he fin e buildi ng a t pres e n t o c c upi ed

,

by t he C o ll ege a n d o ri g i n a ll y buil t fo r t he S a n s So uci

,

T h ea t r e in P a rk S tr eet w a s fo r s a l e a n d w a s p ur
, , ,

c h a s ed by t he R i g h t R ev D r C a rew fo r th e s um of . .

’
Rs . It w a s a t fi rs t c a l led S t J o h n s C o ll eg e On . .

t h e a rri va l o f t he B elg i a n J es ui t s in 1 859 it w a s pl a c ed , ,

un d e r t h ei r effi c i en t ma n a g e men t The buildi ng h a s been .

i m p ro v ed a n d ex te n d ed fro m t i me t o t i me a n d t he h o use , ,

N o 1 1 P a rk St reet h a s been a dd ed t o t he a c c o mmo d a

.
, ,

tio n . Th e I n s t i t uti o n ha s n o w o n it s ro ll s 500 s c h o l a rs ,

i n c l udi n g a l a rge n umber o f bo a rd ers The C o llege w a s .

956 L
C A C U TTA O LD A N D N e w .

a ffi li a t ed t o t he U n i ve r s i t y o f C a l c utt a i n J a n ua ry
The di s c ipli n e a n d t ra i n i n g men t a l a n d m o ra l
, p urs ud ,

in t h e Co ll ege a re w ell k n ow n a n d a pprec i a t e d

, Bes ide.

t he M et eo r o l og i c a l O bs e rv a t o ry erec te d i n t h e C ollegt

pr emi s es t he R ev F r L a fo n t
, . .
,
w ho fo r eight
yea r s fi ll ed t he o ffi c e o f R ec t o r h a s ex e rt e d h i mself
,

in es t a bli s hi n g t he fi rs t Sp ec t ro sc 0 pic O b se rv a t o ry i n I ndia .

a t a cos t o f R S . t he G ov e rn me n t o f B e n g a l a iding
w i t h a h a n d s o me d o n a ti o n o f R s .

D O V E TO N C O LL E GE ,

( ,
4 1 F ree S c h o o l S t ree t .
)
Thi s I n s t i t ut i o n w a s es t a bli s h ed o n t he l s t M a rc h 1 823 . .

by J o h n W illi a m R i c k et t s t he Ch a mpi o n o f t h e East

“
,
”
I n di a n C o mm un i t y . The ma i n o bj ec t s i n V i ew w ere tn
e ff ec t a n i mpr o v e men t i n t he d efec t i v e s y s te m o f em

t i o n w hi c h t h en ex i s t ed ; a n d t o pro v id e fo r t h e C h ris tian

y o ut h s o f C a l c ut t a t he ben efi t o f a goo d ed uc a t i o n a t
c h ea p e r c o s t t h a n it c o uld th en be o bt a i n ed . T h e m a na ge
men t w a s v es t ed i n a c o mmi t t ee c o mpo s ed o f p a re n ts a nd
g u a rdi a n s a n d s u bs c ri ber s t o t h e f un d s ; a n d fo r y ea r s .a

l a rg e pro po r t i o n o f t he Chri s ti a n p o pul a t i o n o w e d t heir

”
ed uc a t i o n t o The P a ren t a l . In 1 854 a leg a c y o f Rs
,

w a s beq uea th ed t o t he I n s t i t uti o n b C a p t a i n Jolt

y
D o v et o n a n d a C o ll eg e D ep a r t men t ( n a me d a f te r It
,

g e n e r o us l e a t o r
g ) w a s a dd ed a n d a ffi li a t ed t o t h e C a lc ut :

U n i v er s i t y . An I n f a n t a n d J uv en il e D ep a rt m en t a nd a
,

Sc h o o l fo r Y o un g L a di es w ere a l s o fo rmed i n c o n n ec t iot

w i t h it . The ed uc a ti o n a l s t a ff is s t ren g th en ed a s nec es
,
 C A C U TTA O L D A N D N E W .
L

THE B I S H O P S C O LL EG E
’

Was es a bl s
t i h ed un d er the a us pic es o f t h e So c i ety for
t he Pro p ag a ti o n o f t he G o s pe l a t: t he urg e n t r eq uest of

B i s h o p M iddl et o n by w h o m t he fo un d a ti o n s t o n e w as laid
,

o n D ecember 1 5th 1 820 , I t w a s fo un d ed fo r t h e purposr

.

of ( l i n s tr uc ti n n a ti v e a n d o th er yo ut h s i n t h e d octrine
) , g
’
a n d d i sc i p li n e o f Chri s t s Ch urc h , w ith a v ie w t o their

bec omi n g Prea c h er s C a t ec hi s ts o r Sc hoo l M a s ters ; (3

, .

ex t en di ng t he ben efi ts o f ed uc a ti o n gen era l l y ; trans

l a tin g t he Sc ri p t ures Lit urgy , a n d o th er rel ig io us w orks :

,

and fo rming a res id enc e fo r E uropea n M i s s i o n a ries on

the i r a rri v a l i n I n di a It s fi rs t P ri nc i p a l w a s t he Re
.

W i ll i a m Ho dges M ill D D ( 1 792 1 853) w ho s ub s eq uentit

,
. .
,
-

bec a me R eg i us Pr o fe s s o r o f H eb rew a t C a m b ridge an: ,

w a s o n e o f t he fo un d er s o f Tr a c t a ri a n i s m T h ere is : .

o f h im i n B i s h o p s C o ll ege a n d a fi n e m a rble has

’

p o rtr a it
by Ch a n trey i n t h e A si a t i c Soc i ety s roo m s
’
In 1 835 . ,

t h e s t a t ut es w ere mo di fi ed s o a s t o a llo w o f t h e a dmiss ior

o f l a y o r gen er a l s t ud en t s n o t i n t en d ed fo r c l e r i c a l or edu

c a t io n a l w o rk . The C o ll eg e po s s es s es o n e fe l l o w s hip and

21 s c h o l a r s hi p s Th e h o ld ers o f s c h o l a rs hip s hare
.
,

ro o ms bo a rdi n g a n d t uiti o n free o f c h arg e

, , .

The C oll ege w a s o ri g i n a lly l oc a t ed i n t he b ui ld i ngs um

oc c upi ed by t he S eebpo re Go v ern men t E n g i neering
C o ll eg e In 1 879 t h es e buildi n gs w e re so l d t o t h e Goren:
.
,

men t a n d t he C o ll ege w a s remov ed tempo ra ril y to th

,
'

h o us e N o 33 Circ ul a r R o a d a n d s ubseq uen t ly t he build

.
, ,

in gs a n d g ro un d s o f 224 Lo w er Ci rc ula r R o a d w ere pct

, ,

c h a s ed fo r th em by t h e Soc i ety fo r t he P ro a a t i on of tlr

p g
Go s pel . The re a re n o w a bo ut 25 s t ud en t s i n t he College .
 THE P R E S I D E N C Y HO S P ITA L . 959

mo st of w ho m ti v es o f I n di a a n d prepa ri ng fo r
a re na

s o me fo r m o f M i ss i on w o rk Th ere a re al so t w o boa rd
.

i n g Sc h oo l s fo r N a ti v e Chri s ti a n bo y s a tta c h ed t o th e
C o ll ege th e Hi gh Sc h oo l n umbe ri ng a bo ut 35 a n d the
, ,

C en tr a l Sc h o o l n ea rly 1 00
, Th e l a s t h a s a n I n d us t ri al
.

D e p a rtmen t a tta c h ed t o it w hi c h c o n s i s ts o f a c a rpen ter s

’
,

s h o p a n d a p ri n ti ng pres s The C o llege w ith its sc hools

.
, ,

f o r ms t he l a rges t i n s t i t ut i o n o f th e ki n d fo r t he ed uc a ti o n
o f N a ti ve Ch ri s ti a n s in C a l c ut t a .

THE P R E S I D E N CY H O S P I TAL .

Th e p re mi ses n o w d en o mi n a t ed t he Gene r al H os pit a l ,

a re i n t he Lo w er Ci rc ul a r R o a d a n d a re s it ua ted t o th e

s o uth o f th e Pr es id en c y J a il Th ey w ere in t he i r o ri g i n a l
.
,

s t a t e oc c up ie d a s a p ri v a t e g a rd en h o us e w h en th ey w er e
,

u r h d b G o v er n men t i n 1 768 T h y h v b f m
p c a s e y e a e een ro
.

t i me t o t i me e n l a rg ed a n d n o w a ffo rd a m pl e a c co mmod a
,

ti o n in s epa ra te buildi n g s fo r p a ti en t s a n d fo r t he M ed i c a l
,

O ffi c ers a n d es t a bli s h men t a tt a c h ed to t he I n s ti tuti on .

Th e s it ua t i on o f t he H o s pit a l is a iry a n d h ea l thy I t is .

o p en t o E uro pea n s o f a ll c la s s es The c h a rges a re R s 5

. .

e r di em fo r a d o ubl e roo m a n d 3 a n d 2 res pec ti vel y fo r

p ,

a S i ng l e roo m a cc o rd i ng t o a c c o mmod a ti o n in the p ri va t e

,

w a rd s . Th es e fees in c l ud e food medic al a tten da n ce a n d ,

n urs i ng . Th ere a re 1 21 fr ee bed s fo r me n 1 8 fo r w o men , ,

a n d 1 2 f o r c hildr e n T h
. er e i s a l so s ep a ra t e a c c o m mod a
ti o n fo r i n fe c ti o u s di s ea s es .

THE M I LI TAR Y ( O R STATI O N ) H O S P I TA L .

( S o uth o
f t h e R a c e C ours e .
)
Thi s fi n e buildi n g , fo rme rlv oc c u pi ed by t he S udd e r
960 CA C L U TTA o m A N D new .

C o urt ,
a nd w hi c h w a s o ri g i n a lly erec ted fo r a H o s p i tal .

is no w d evo ted to it s leg iti ma te ur

p p os e .

THE M AY O N AT I V E HO SP ITA L .

( S tra nd R oa d , N orth .
)
50 l o ng ag o a s t he yea r 1 793, a Hos p ita l was es ta b

l is h ed by S ir J o h n. S h o re , w h o w a s t h en r ul i ng a s G o v e rnor .

in t he Fo uz da ree H o use C hi tpo re ,

R oa d , fo r t he rel ief d
t h e n a t i ve i n h a bit an t s o f C a lc utt a gen era lly a n d more ,

pa rt i c ul a rl y fo r t he l a bo uri ng pa rt o f th em I t s p ro moter .

w a s t he R ev j o h n O w en J un i o r Cha p la i n o f S t
'
.
, j o hn s . .

S ubs c ri p ti o ns t o t he a mo un t o f rupees w ere ra i sed.

a n d a mo n thl y a ll o w a nc e o f 600 rupees w a s g ra n t ed by

G ov er n men t . In 1 796 t h e H o s pit a l w a s remo v ed t o

, the
”
o p en a n d a i ry r o a d o f D urrumt o ll a h in w hi c h t h o ro ugh ,

fa re t h ere w ere o n ly t hen t h ree o r four ho uses I n 1 81 0 .

,

f urt h er c o n tri buti o n s w e re gi v en a n d t he G o v e rn m ent ,

al l o w a n c e w a s i nc rea sed to r upees per m en s en ;

t h i s w a s s ubseq uen tl y i n c rea s ed t o rup ees Th .

I n s t i t ut i o n p urs ued a n un i n t errup ted c a reer o f us ef ul

.

nes s un t il t h e ye a r 1 87 1 w h en a prop o s a l w a s
, ma de
t o re mo v e it t o a mo r e s a l ub ri o us s i tua t i o n o n t h e ba n ks

o f t he ri v e r , a bo v e t he mi n t The q ues t i o n w a s w a rm} !

.

di sc us s ed but ulti ma tely t he pro pos al w a s c a rri ed A

,
.

po rt i o n o f t he D h urrumt olla h p roperty w a s s o ld fa

rupees Th e Gurun h a t t a D i s pen s a ry a tt a c h ed tn
.
,

t he H o s p it a l fetc h ed R s
,
Rs . w ere ra i s ed .

by s ubs c ri pt i o n ; R s . w e re l eft by M r L A d eS oun . . .

fo r b uildi n g p urpos es a n d the s urp l us o f t he M a y o M emo

,
9 62 CA L C U TTA O LD A N D N E W .
'

F un d s Of L o t t ery C o mmi t tee a n d a d o n a t i o n of

t he ,

Rs . fro m R a j a h P e rt a b C h un d er S i n g h The .

bui ldi n g w a s d es i gn ed a n d erec t ed by M es s r s B urn Co . .

,

o f t hi s c ity The f o un d a t i o n s t o n e w a s la id o n t h e 3oth

.

Sep te mber 1 848 by t h e M a rq ui s o f D a l h o us i e w i t h M as o

, ,

n ic c er emo n ies a n d t he buildi n g w a s Open ed fo r t h e r ece

, p
t i o n o f t he s i c k o n t he l s t D ec ember 1 852 T h e s t yle of
,
.

a rc hi t ec t ure i s t h e C o ri n t hi a n a n d i t is ca p a b l e o f a ec om
,

mo d a t i ng o v er 300 s i c k p eo pl e I t is a l o fty s t ruc t ure and

.

c o n t a i n s a h a nd so me O p e r a ti n g Th ea t re .

The pres en t H o s pi t a l ha s been fo un d fo r s o m e years

t o be t o o s ma ll fo r t h e n umber o f pa ti en ts s ee k i n g a d

mi s s i o n a n d a n ew H o s pi t a l h a s been c on s t ruc t ed t o t k
,

s o ut h w es t
-
fo r O bs t et ri c c a s es a n d di s ea ses o f w o w
a n d c hildren t he pr es en t H o s pi t a l bei ng res e rv ed fa
,

s urg i c a l a n d me di c a l c as es o n l y Th e n ew H o s p i t a l is a
.

t h re e s t o ri ed buildi n g
-
c o n s i s ti n g o f a cen t ra l b l o c k for
,

t he w a rd s a n d fo ur w i ng s o n e a t ea c h co rn er c o n n ected
, , ,

w i t h t he ma i n buildi n g by s h o rt pa s s a ges Th i s the .

,

Eden H o s pita l is n o w pro ba bl y o n e o f t he m o s t p erfea

,

Ho s pi t a l s i n t he w o rld it h a v i ng been d es ig n ed a c c ording

,

t o t he l a t es t a n d mo s t a p p ro ved rul es o f s a n i t a ry s c iem e

Th e s ubs i di a ry bui ldi ngs i n c l ud e t w o l a rge blo c k s fo r thr .

res id enc e o f th e Ho s pit a l N urs es .

A n ew I n fi r ma ry h a s s i n c e been erec ted t o t h e no rt h

E ye
e a s t O f t he Ho s pi t a l a n d h a s bee n n a med a fter t h e n a ti ve
,

n t l e ma n S h a mac h urn L a w w ho g a v e th e f un d s fo r it s
g e , ,

e rec t i o n. Thi s H os p i t al w ill a cco mmod a t e 50 p a t ien ts .

bes id es c on t ai n i ng t w o roo ms fo r p a yi n g pa ti en t s A w a rd .

fo r t h e t rea tmen t o f J ew s direc tly n o rth o f t h e mi n

,
 Z O O L O G IC A L G AR D E N S .

Hos pi t a l buildi ng , w a s erec t ed in 1 887 a t t he s o l e ex p en s e

of M rs . E z r a , w id o w O f th e w ell k n o w n J ew i s h Merc h a n t
-

of C a lc ut t a It c a n a c c o mmo d a t e 20 p a t i en t s ea c h being
.
,

prov id ed w i t h a s ep a ra t e ro o m a n d ba t h ro o m E a c h o f -
.

th es e s ep a r a t e h o s pi t a l s c o n s t i t ut e w a rd s o f th e M ed ic a l
C o ll ege H o s pit a l a n d a l l a re a d mi n i s t er ed by a c o mmo n
,

h ea d v ia t h e Pri n c ip a l o f t h e M edi c a l C o ll ege

, ,
.

Z O O L O G I C AL GA R D E N S .

To th o s e w ho remember t he di rty a n d r a ther d is ma l

can

l o o ki n g a ppro a c h t o B el ved ere th e i mpro v ed a n d s a ti s fa c

,

t o ry c o n di t i o n o f t he n ei gh bo urh oo d a t t h e pr es en t m us t , ,

a ffo rd a v ery s t ri ki n g c o n t r as t B o th ea s t a n d w es t o f t h e
.

ro a d w a y l ea di ng fro m t he Z ee rut bridg e w ere un tidy

-
,

c r ow d ed un s a v o ury bus tees

,
To da y w e s h a ll fi n d o n t he
.
-

s i te o f t he O ld bus t ees t he C a l c ut t a Z OO A v ery .

l a rge s h a re o f c redit fo r t he es t a bli s h men t o f t hi s

l ea s a n t res o rt is due t o Si r R i c h a rd Templ e w h o w as
p ,

L i eut en a n t Go v er n o r o f Be n ga l fro m 1 874 to 1 877 but

-
,

l o ng befo re t he s c h eme a s s umed a n y pro per s h a pe D r ,

.

F a y rer ,
in 1 86 7 a n d a ga i n i n 1 87 3 M r L
, . .

S c hw en dler ( k n o w n a s the Fa th er o f th e ha d
b ro ug h t fo rw a rd a n d s tro n gl y urged t he n eces s ity a n d
u t i li t y o f a Z oo l og i c al G a rd en a n d t he As ia ti c a n d Ag ri
,

H o r t i c ult ural So c i et ies w ere en ti rely in fa v o ur o f s uc h

s c h eme s h ow ever they h a d t o be a ba n d on ed fo r w a n t O f
,
.

a s ui t a bl e s it e In th e yea r 1 875 t he Gov ern men t o f

.

B e n g a l t o o k up t he ma tt er i n r ea l ea r n es t a n d a l a r e
g ,

p i ec e o f l an d w a s g r a n t ed a n d t h e m,
a i n t e n a n c e a n d
m a n a g emen t O f the g a rd en s sec ured Th e publi c a ls o .
96 4 C A C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

h elp ed v ery ma t eri a lly t o w a rd s thi s Obj ec t a n d l ibe rally ,

c o n tri but ed t o t he ca pi t a l req ui red fo r l a yi n g o ut the

g r o un d s a n d fo r t h e e rec ti o n o f buildi n s
g T h e s c h e m e .

flo uri s h ed a n d t he Co mm i t tee a ppo i n t ed by G o v e rn ment

,

t o c a rry o ut t he pr eli mi n a ri es h a v i ng en t e r ed c a n a more

i n to t he w o rk t hi n g s w ere s uffi c i en t ly a d v a n c ed i n the

,

yea r fo llo w i ng t o a d mi t o f a c o mpl ete pr os pec tus being

i s s ued s et t i n g fo r t h t h e o bj ec t s t he mea n s o f o b t a i n ing
, ,

th em a n d t he g en er a l r ules o f ma n ag emen t
,
.

Th e i i t to C al c ut t a o f His M a j es ty Ki n g E d w a rd the
v s

S ev en t h t h en Pri nc e o f W a l es w a s s ei z ed up o n a s an
'

, ,

a us pi c i o us oc c a s i o n O n t h e l s t J a n ua ry
. 1 87 6 the , ,

g a rd e n s w er e i n a u g u r a t e d by H i s R o y a l Hi g h n e s s a n d in ,

M a y O f t he s a me y ea r t h ey w er e o pen ed t o t h e p ublic .

W i t hi n t hree o r fo ur y ea rs t he Z OO h a d a l rea dy
t a k en r a n k a s o n e o f t he mo s t po p ul a r i n s t i t ut i o ns in
C a l c ut t a a n d in t he E x hi bi t i o n Yea r a t o t a l o f
v i s i t o r s w a s r eg i s t er ed Th e p r ese n t pe rfec t s t a t e o f the
.

a rd e n s s p ea k s v o l umes i t s elf a n d be it ev er r e m e m bered

g ,

t o t he c r edi t O f t he firs t C o mmi ttee o f M a n a g em e n t m ,

a l l th o s e w ho h a v e f o ll o w ed b ut o n e d es ir e h a s bee n
,

c h eri s hed n a mely to c a rry o ut in i t s e n t i re t y t h e o ri i nal

, ,
g
pro g r a mme a n ex c ell en t a n d c o mp lete on e a n d t h is has
,
.
,

been d o n e a n d w e ll d o ne In t he g ro un d s is a r ey
,
.
g
r a i t m o n umen t w i t h t h e fo ll o w i ng i n sc ri p t i o n T h i
g n e s

O beli s k w a s erec t ed by p ubl ic s ubsc ri p t i o n t o t he m e mo ry

o f C a rl Lo ui s S c hw e n dl er w ho di ed 6t h J a n ua ry
, 1 88 2 a nd , ,

by w h o s e en e rgy a n d en t erpri s e t his Z oo log i ca l G a rd en w as

es t a bli s h ed i n 1 876 I t bea r s a med a ll i o n po rt ra i t o f t he
.

F a th er o f t he Z oo .
966 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

w as a pp o i n t ed H o n o r a ry S uperi n t en d en t a po s t w hich ,

h e h el d till hi s d ea t h o n t he 26t h M a y 1 7 93 Th e s i t e of .

t h e Bo t a n i c G a rd en w as c h o sen bec a us e o f i t s n ea rne s s

t o C o l o n el Kyd s o w n g a rd en a t S h a l i ma r w h e re in the
’

, ,

f a s hi o n o f h is da y h e h a d a c o un t ry h o use a q ua i nt
, ,

d es c rip ti o n O f w hi c h is q uo t ed by S ir Geo rge K i n g f rom

a c o n t em p o r a r y M S w hi c h s t a t es t h a t it w a s
. b uil t by
C o l o n el Kyd hi mse l f .

C o l o n el Kyd a p pea r s t o h a v e s pen t a good d ea l o f his

ti me a t his ga rd en h o us e a n d t o ha ve been muc h a t ta c hed
-
,

t o t h e p l a c e ; fo r i n h is w ill
,
fro m w hi c h ex t r a c t s a re ,

g i v en b
y S i r G eo r g e Ki n g h e s p ea k s o f h is c o ll
,e c t i o n s of
bo t a n i c a l dr a w in g s O f t he pl a n t s i n t h e en v iro n s o f the
, ,

bird s in di g en o us t o t he t ra c t a n d O f t h e fi s h fo un d i n the ,

H oo ghly ; t he a rr a n gemen t O f a ll o f w hi c h he p a t he t i ca lly ,

s a y s h e h a d r es er v ed fo r a f ut ur e da y
, He s pea ks a l so of .
, ,

t h e l it t l e v es s el in w hi c h h e d o ubt l es s t oo k ma n y t rips on
, , ,

t he ri v er pr o ba bly us i n g it reg ul a rly to g o up t o C a l c utta

, .

Th e re a re di rec t i o n s t o o fo r t he upk eep o f h i s g a rden

, , ,

un t il hi s r el a t i v e a n d h eir M a j o r A l e x a n d e r K y d , s ho uld ,

ret ur n t o I n di a a n d c a r ef ul pr o v i s i o n fo r t h e f ut ure of
,

t h o s e member s o f t he es t a bli s h men t w ho w e re d e pen dent

upo n h i m n o t a bly t w o n a ti v e bo y s w ho a ppe a r t o ha ve

—

been s l a v es a li ena t ed fro m f ri en d s a n d co un t ry o ne a

, ,

c o n v er t t o Chri s t i a n i t y A bo v e a l l C o l o n el d
. d es ired
,

t h a t he s h o uld be bur ie d i n h is g a rd en ; a n d t h e s e n tence

i n w hi c h he di rec ts th a t h is l a s t r ema i n s s h o ul d be c om
mit t ed t o t he g ro un d i n hi s o w n ga rd en o n t h e w e s t sidt ,

o f t he p ukk a w a ll ed t a n k n ea r t o w hi c h a n a llig a t o r pear

-

tree n o w s t a n d s s h o w s ho w his l a s t t ho ug ht c l un g t o the

,
 THE B O TA N IC G A R D EN .

s po t w h ere w e c a n n o t d o ubt he h a d fo un d ma n y d a y s
, ,

o f q ui et h a ppi n ess C o l o ne l K yd s w i s h t o be buri ed a t

.
’

S h a li ma r w a s di s reg a rd ed It w a s proba bly f elt t h a t it

.

w o uld be i mpr o p e r t o a ll o w s o di s ti n g ui s h ed a n d h o n o ur ed

a se rv a n t o f t he C o m p a n y t o be l a id in un c o n s ec ra t ed
r u nd a n d s o h i s rem a m s w e r e i n te rr ed i n t h e So uth
g o ,

P a rk S t reet bur ia l g ro un d -
It w a s p erh a p s i n d eferen c e
.

t o h is k n o w n feeli n gs o n t he s ubj ec t t h a t n o t a bl et w a s
l a c ed o v e r h i s t o mb s o t ha t a lth o ug h t h e h a n d s o me
p , , ,

a nd t o C a l c ut t a res id en t s fa mili a r mo n umen t i n th e

,

B o t a n i c a l Ga rd en s till bea r s t es t i mo n y t o h is se rv i c es his ,

a c t ua l g ra ve r ema i n s O bs c ur e a n d un k n o w n .

The l a n d s el ec t ed fo r t he Bo t a n i c G a rd en ra n a l o ng
t h e ri v er ba n k t he upp e r p a rt bei n g oc c upi ed by a few
,

n a ti v e h ut s w h o s e o w n er s
,
h a v i ng n o o t h er t i t le t ha n
,

p o s s es s i o n w er,e c o m p e n s a t ed a n d r em ove d T h e u p p e r .

e n d o f t he g a rd en w a s s ep a r a t ed fro m C o l o n el K y d s o w n
’

r o u n d s a t S h a li ma r o n ly by a di tc h c ro s s ed by a ma s on ry
g
b rid ge o v er w hi c h ra n a met a ll ed r o a d
,
Th i s po rti on .

o f t he g r o und w a s l a id o ut as a te a k pl a n t a ti o n but t h e ,

t r ees n o t ma ki n g a g o o d g r o w t h fo r t i mbe r t h e l a n d w a s , ,

t h i r t y fo ur y e a r s l a t e r i n 1 820 ma d e o v e r by G o v er n men t
-
, ,

a s t he s i t e fo r B i s h o p s C o ll ege
’
Th e l o w er en d O f t h e
.

a rd en w a s t he l a n d w hi h h d b upi d b h l d
g c , a ee n oc c e y t e o

n a t i ve f o rt o f Th a n n a o r M uc kw a h Th a n n a w hi c h s t oo d
, ,

u s t a bo ut w h e re t h e S upe ri n te n d en t s h o us e n o w s t a n d s
j
’

a n d w a s a Ma ho me da n o utpo s t buil t t o pro t ec t t h e t r a d e o f

t h e ri v er M en ti o n o f it is fre q uen t i n t he O ld r ec o rd s of
.

C a l c ut t a Thi s p o r t i o n o f t he g a rd en S ir G eo rge Ki n g
. .
,

t e ll s us w a s i n t er s ec t ed by a s ma ll c re ek w hi c h ra n i n l a n d
, ,
 CA L C UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

to w a rd s t he g rea t ba n i a n t ree w hic h ev en in t ho se early

,

d a ys h a d a tta i n ed a c o n s id er a bl e s i ze Ten yea rs before .

C o l o n el Kyd pr o p o s ed t he fo un d a t i o n o f a bo t a n i c ga rden ,

h e h ad w hi l e o n a v i s it t o th e
,
ea s te rn fr o n t i er (the

bo rd er s O f As s a m) fo un d a v a ri ety o f c i n n a mo n grow i ng
,

w il d a nd ha d b ro ug h t bac k y o un g pl a n t s o f the
'
s p ec i es ,
w h i c h w er e d epo s ited in t he Go v ern o r General s -

a rd e A y ea r o r t w o l a t er so me o th e r s p e c i men s wer e
g n .

obt a i ned fr o m t he B h ut a n mo un t a i n s a n d a b o ut t h e sam

,
e

ti me C a p t a i n Pri c e th en in c o mma n d o f t h e Bengal

,

Sq ua dr o n , empl o y ed in t he bl oc k a d e a n d red uc ti on of
P o n di c h erry b ro ug ht s o me pl a n t s o f t h e t rue c i n na mon
,

tree fro m C o l o m bo Al l th ese yo ung t rees w e re pl anted

.

in t he G o v er n o r Gen era l s g a rd en a n d it w a s th eir suc

-
’
,

c es s ful t r a n s pl a n t a ti o n t o B en g a l upo n w h i c h Co lonel

Ky d l a id s t ress a s pr ov i n g t he p ra c t i c a bili t y a n d un s elfish
n es s o f h i s s c h eme a n d w hi c h w a s
,
d o ubt l es s t h e cousi
,

d er a ti o n w hi c h i n d uc ed his H o n o ura bl e M a s t e rs to so
rea dily a c c ed e t o h is w i s h es In C eyl o n ( a t th a t period in
.
,

t he oc c up a t i o n o f t he D ut c h t h e c i n n a mo n t r a de w as so
)
pro fi t a bl e a s t o a ro us e t he j ea l o us y o f th e E a s t I n d i a Com
pa n y w ho m us t t h ere fo r e h a ve been a g reeab ly s urprised
, , .

t o fi n d th a t t he t r ee w o uld fl o uri s h eq ua ll y w ell in

B en ga l .

Th e G o v e r n o r G en er a l ,
-
W a rren H a s t ing s in w host ,

rd t h i m t r ees w e r pl a n t ed h a d l e f t Indil
g a en e s e c n n a o n e ,

befo re C o l o n el Ky d s s c h eme w a s ma t ured in 1 7 86 a nd it

’
,

w a s Sir o nJ h M ph e rs o t h ti G o v e rn o r G en eral
e a c n g
-
ac n ,

w h o fo r w a rd ed t h e p rO po s a l t o t h e B o a rd a n d w ro te ir
,

s uppo r t o f it i n a l et t e r i n w hi c h h e s a id Th e la t e Govt !
Bi o L U TTA
CA C O L D AN D N EW .

va ri o us tr ees w hile in t h e mi ddl e a n d i n a li n e w ith the

, , .

t r un s a b r o a d r o a d w hi c h t he v i s it o r is rec o m me n ded
g a e
,

t o f o ll o w Thi s r o a d a ft er a li t t le p a s s es be t w een t w o
.
, ,

o r n a men t a l s h eet s o f w a t e r a n d th e n: thr o ug h a g ro up of

,

C a s ua ri n a trees up t he s t ems o f ma n y o f w hi c h a re t ra i n ed
,

s p ec i men s o f v a ri o us s p ec i es o f t he c li mb i n g p a l m s c o m

mo n ly k n o w n a s ra tt a n s o r c a n es E me rg i ng f ro m t his
.

g r o ve t h
, e ro a d en t er s t he P a lm et u m a l a r ge,p i e ce o f
r u n d c hi efly d ev o ted t o t he di s pl a y o f me mbe rs O f the
g o

n o b le fa m ily o f p a l ms .

In t he P a l metum t h ere i s t i ki n g a v en ue o f a c urious

a s r

C uba n p a l m w i t h a c o l umn a r w hit e s tem ( O o redo x a m p h ) .

Th e P a l m et um i s s ep a r a t ed fro m t he rema i n d e r o f the

g a rd e n b y a c a n a l w hi c h i s c r o s s ed b y t hr e e b ri d g es
.

Ha v i n g c ro s s ed t he c a n a l t he Fl o we r Ga rd en l i e s t o t he
,

ri g h t . H ere a re a rr an ged ma n y beds O f p a l ms a n d O f s ue»

c ul e n t a n d fl o w e ri n g pl a n t s Th e l a t t e r a re p a rt i c ula rl y
.

br i lli a n t d uri n g t he ea rl ie r mo n t h s o f t h e yea r D o tt ed

.

a bo ut i n t hi s n ei g h bo urh oo d a re t he v a ri o us c on s e rv a t o ri es

dev o t ed t o t h e c ul t i v a t i o n o f d eli c a t e S pec i es a n d o f pl a nts

n o t i n di g en o us to I n d i a .N o t a bl e a mo n g t he s e i s t he
o rc hid h o use w h i c h d uri n g t he ho t s ea s o n es p ec i a lly
, , ,

pres en t s a go rgeo us di s pl a y o f o rc hid s in bl oo m ; a t o t her

s ea s o n s t he v i s i t o r i s mo r e s t r uc k b
y t h e c u ri o u s f o r m s

o f s t em a n d l ea f di s pl a y ed by t hes e i n t eres t i n g p la n ts
t h a n by t h eir fl o w e r s . O pp o s i te t h e o rc hid h o use s t a n ds
a mo n ume n t t o t h e fo un d er o f t h e rd C l l Kyd
g a e n
( o o n e ,)
a n d r un n i ng s t r a i g h t fro m i t t o t h e ri v er en tr a n ce h a t
g
is a bro a d w a l k fl a n k ed o n ei t h er s id e by a li n e o f C uba
P a l ms w hi c h h a s a s i n g ul a rly i mpr es s i ve effec t .Lea vi ng
 TII E B O TA N IC GA R D E N .

th is wa lk on t he p a s s i n g o n w a rd fro m K yd s
l ef t ,
a nd
’

m o n umen t is a , ro a d
w hi c h t h e v i s it o r s h o uld fo ll o w .

B y g o i n g a l o ng it a few h un dred y a rd s a b ro a d s t ra i g h t
'

ro a d i s me t w i t h o n t he ri g ht w hi c h l ea d s t o t h e g r ea t

B a n y a n tr ee Thi s w o n d erf ul t ree i s o n ly a bo ut a cen

.

t ury a n d a q ua r t e r O ld N ev erth el es s it c o v er s a S pa c e
.

O f g r o un d 900 feet in c i rc umfer enc e It s t r un k gi rth s .

5 1 feet a n d fr o m it s br a n c h es 282 ae r ia l ro o t s d esc en d

,

t o t he g ro un d P a s s i ng fro m t he B a n y a n t ree in the

.

d ir ec t i o n o f t he ri v er is a ll t h a t w a s s p a red by t he c yc lo n es
,

o f 1 864 a n d 1 867 O f a n o bl e a v en ue o f M a h o a n y trees

g
w hi c h w e re p l a n t ed a bo ut t h e en d o f l a s t c en t ury by D r .

W a l ter R o x burg h t he s ec o n d S up eri n t en d en t O f t he

,

g a rd en I.n t h e o pp os i t e dir e c t i o n f r o m t h e M a ho g a n y
a v enue r un s a br o a d ro a d o n t he l eft O f w hi c h (go i n g
,

fro m t h e g rea t B a n y a n ) s t a n d s a mo n umen t to t he c el e

bra ted bo t a n is t j us t men t i o n ed w i t h t h e fo ll o w i n g be a ut i
,

f ul i n s c rip t i o n f ro m t he p en o f B i s h o p H ebe r : Q ui s q ui s
a d es s i l o c us s ua v i t a t e me n t em e rm u l t u t i t i
, p c e a p e s en a s

d e deo h a ben dus i n h o n o r e t ui R O X B U R G HIU S h o r um ho r

, ,

t o r um o li m pr a efec t us v ir s c ien t i a e bo t a n ic es l a ud e fl o rens

,

i d emq ue a mcen it a t um a g res t i um s ummus a r t ifex ; c o n

s er va t c i n ere m p a t ri a h ic v ig et i ng en i um ; t u f a v e o f p er
"
f ruere .P o s ue re s upe rs t it es a mi c i M D c c c x x n .

lit t l e bey o n d R o x burg h mo n umen t ro a d

’
A w ay s , t he

ben d s t o t he ri gh t t hro ug h a do uble ro w O f D eo d a r s

t r ees r eg a rd ed a s s a c r ed i n B en g a l and . o f t en pl a n t ed
n ea r Hi n d o o t empl es W h ere t he ro w o f . D eo d a r s en d s ,

t he re is a ma g n i fi c en t s p ec i men o f t h e Termi n a lia C a ta

pp a

( o ft en n a m
,
ed C o un t ry Al mo n d ) R un n i n g a t r ig ht a ng l es .
9 72 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

t o t h e D eo d a r a v en ue i s a s til l mo re bea uti ful a v en ue of

th e g r a c ef ul Al biz z i a p a lud os a lt e
ar n a t e d w i t h t h e g o r

g e o n s fl ow e r e d B ro w n e a . T u r n i n g s h a rp t o t h e r ig ht an d
w a lki ng a l o n g t he s o uth er n h a lf o f th i s mi x ed a v en ue ,

t he v i s ito r is c on d uc t ed t o t h e Pal m Co n s e rv a t o r
y an ,

e n o r mo us oc t a o n a l s tr uc t ur e w ith a c en t ra l do m e The
g , .

fram e w o rk o f thi s h o us e is o f i ro n a n d i t s si des a n d roof

-
,

a re c o v er ed by w i r e n et t i n u w h i h i tt h d
g , p o n c s a a c e a

t h i n t h a tc h O f g r as s . Th e i n t eri o r o f t h i s c ons e rv a to ry is
l a id o ut i n roc ke ri es bet w een w hi c h a re n ume ro us w ind
,

ing p a th s . Th e p l a n t s bei n g a ll i n th e g ro un d the ,

s tiff n es s an d f o r ma l ity i n s e a ra bl e fr o m l a r e c o ll ec ti ons

p g
o f pl a n t s i n p o t s a n d t ubs i s en ti rely a vo id ed a n d the
,

g en e r a l eff ec t i s e x c ell en t The ho us e i s a la rg e o ne each

.
,

o f it s ei g ht s id es mea s uri n 8 5 fee t it s di a mete r bei n g 210

g ,

feet a n d t he h eight o f th e d o me 50 feet Th e c o llection

,
.

o f pl a n t s is l a rge a n d v a ri ed a n d few
,
co n s erv a t o ri es in

E uro pe c a n c o m pa r e w i t h i t fo r bea ut y a n d effec t i v en ess .

E merg i ng fro m t he pa l m h o us e a nd proc eedi ng a l o ng the

ro a d r un n i n g w es t w a rd t he ba n k s o f a l a ke a re rea c hed
, ,

o n w hi c h t h er e i s a s ma ll co ll ec ti o n o f w a ter f o w l . On

th e l eft o f t h e h ea d o f thi s l a k e s tan d s a co n s e rv a tory

i n t er medi a t e i n he i ght betw een t he pal m a n d orc hi d h omes .

Th i s c irc ui t w ill h a v e bro ug ht th e v i si to r ba c k to the

o rc hid h o us e men t i o n ed i n a prev i o us p a rag ra p h N u .

mer c us o th er c i rc uit s ma y be ma de i n th es e la rge gro un ds ,

e a c h emul a ti n t h e t h r i i t r t d i t t la nd
g o e n n e es a n n p r e y
s c a p e effec t s . To a lo v er o f t he bea uti f ul h a l f o r even .

a w ho l e da y i s n o n e t oo l o n g t o d ev o t e t o ex p l o ri ng them .

The g a rd en s a bo un d w ith D la n t s of i n t ere st too

 H I N D U TE M PL E S .

THE R E a re n o t ma n y H i n d u
. t em
pl es in C a l c ut ta w hich
n eed d et a i n t he S i h t s eer B u t t h r a re t a bl e x cep
g . e e n o e

t i o n s t o t h e r ule The s h ri n e o f t he go dd es s K a li ( w ho
.

ma y be reg a rd ed a s t he p a tro n s a i n t o f th e c i ty ) is at
K a l igh a t o n t h e ba n k s o f t he N ull a h o r c a n a l w hich
,

lea ve s t h e H o og hly a t H a s t i n g s B rid ge T h i th er on

.

c e rt a i n d a y s t h o us a n d s of H i n d us fl oc k t o m a k e thd
poo j a h t o the go dd es s .B ut al l d a ily w o rs hip is p e rfo rmed
i n t he h o us e o r o n t he ri v er ba n k a t ba t hi ng t i m e
, ,
The.

h o uses o f mos t ri c h Hi n d us h a v e a Th a koo r b a r ee - or

h o us e fo r t he god a t t a c hed in w hi ch poo j a h is per

,

fo r med by t he fa mily p ri es t b ut th ere i s so fa r a s we

, ,

a re a w a r e o n ly o n e H i n d u t em l e w o rth n a m i n g in the
, p
”
c i ty it s elf
. This is c a ll ed M uddim M o h un jee .It is a
p ubli c pl a ce o f w o r s hip fo r the o rth o d o x Hi n d u an d is ,

s i t ua t e a t B a gh h a w
-
. I t is cal c ul a t ed t ha t ma n y thon
s a n d s o f d ev o t ees v i s i t t hi s Templ e d a ily ; a n d o n oc c as ions
”
s uc h a s J un m oo s t oo m ee R as, j a t t ra-
a n d R a th b,
oth
mal es a n d fe ma l es a t t en d in v ery l a rge n umbers t o offer
poo j a h t o t he god a n d god d es s Th er e a re al s o t h e rui ns of
.

t h e f a mo us F i v e J ew el te mpl e t o be s een in th e C hitpore

 HIN D U TE MP L E S .

R oa d ,
w hi c h t t he y ea r 1 730 by Go bin dra m
w as buil t
‘

a bo u

M i t t er t h e ,
B l a c k z emi n d a r o f t h e d a y s o f H o l w ell .

It s c upo l a w a s fo r ma n y y ea rs t he mo s t c o n s p i c uo us obj ec t
i n t he c i ty ov er w hi c h it t o w e ned as t he d o me o f S t P a ul s
’
.
,

d oes o ver t he c i t y o f Lo n d o n A bo ut 1 820 it fell w i t h a .

c r a s h an d h a s n ev er s i n c e been rebuilt .

KA L IG HAT — Th e pr es en t‘t empl e of t he dd es s K a li at

.
g o

K a l igh a t is sa id t o be n ea rly a mil e o r mo re t o t h e sou th

w es t o f t h e o ld er t e mpl e w hi c h s t o o d i n t h e s i x
, te en t h

c en t u ry at B ho w a n ipo re .

It i s s i t ua t ed o n t he ba n k of t he o ld bed of t he G a nges ,
a t adi s t a n c e o f a bo ut t hree mil es fr om Fo rt W illi a m a n d ,

i s a ma s s i v e ma s o n ry s t r uc t ur e buil t w i t h s ma ll b ri c k s .

I t s h ei g h t is a bo ut 90 feet a n d i t s t a n d s o n a s q ua re ,

b a s e ea c h s id e o f w hi c h is a bo ut 7 5 feet Th ere is a l ong .

a i s l e o n i t s s o uth s id e a n d r a i s ed pl a tfo r ms a ll r o un d
, A .

do o r w a y oc c upi es t he cen tr e o f bo t h t he s o uth a n d ea s t

s id es o f t he ma i n buildi n
g Th e pr es en t t emp le. i s o f re

c en t d a t e h a v i n g been buil t by t h e S a ba rna z emi n d a rs o f

,

B a ri s a in o r a bo ut 1 809 B ut it w a s in fa c t , a r eno v a ti o n
.
,

o f a n o ld t empl e, t h e ex i s ten ce o f w hi c h ca n be t ra ced

ba c k t o t h e middle o f t h e s i x t een th c en t ury The re is .

a n ex t en s i ve N a t Ma n di r in fr on t ( so ut h ) o f t he templ e .

Th ere a re s ev er a l o th er s ma ll er temp l es o f mi n o r i mpo rt

a n ce nea r t he K a li t emp l e O n e of t h em n a mel y tha t
.
, ,

o f Sya mra y a ( Kri s h n a ) ma y be men ti o n ed a s it is s a i d ,

t o h a v e been built ea rly i n t he s ev en te en th c en t ury Th e .

fa c e o f t he id o l o f K a li is t ri a ngul a r s h a ped a n d ma d e o f ,

very fi n e bl a c k ma rbl e res ti ng on a h uge s q ua re s h a ped

,
-

bl oc k o f red g r a n it e w hi c h fo r ms t he trun k
,
The h a n d s .
,
 CA C L U TTA O LD AN D N E W .

t o n g ue , y r
e eb o w s , et c . , of th e ido l a re ma d e of g o ld.

Th e l egen d c o n n ec t e d w ith t he pl a ce is as fo l l o w s .

S iva , one H i n d u tri n ity w a s n ot i nv i t ed t o a

o f t he ,

fea s t a rra n ged fo r by h is fa t he r in la w D a k s h a S a ti

- -
.
,

S i v a s w ife h o w ev er p ers ua d ed her h us ba n d t o a ll o w her

’
, ,

t o v i s i t he r fa t h er o n t he occa s i o n B ut o n a rriv a l a t her .

fa th er s h o us e s he w as s o mo rti fi ed a t hea rin g h er fa th er

’

s p ea k ill o f h er h us ba n d t h a t s h e i mme d ia t el y f el l d o w n

d ea d Furi o us a t th e new s S i v a beca me ma d w i t h g rief a nd

.
,

”
d r un k w i t h l o s s a n d a t o n c e go i ng o v er t o t h e h o us e
,

o f D a ks h a he t oo k up t he co r ps e o f his w ife a n d p la c i ng
,

it o n h is s h o uld er s beg a n ma k i ng a to ur ro un d t h e w o rld .

He bec a m e s o f uri o us t h a t a ll t h e o t h er god s a p p reh e n d ed

t h a t un l es s h e w er e p a c i fi ed t h e d es t r uc ti o n o f t h e w orld
,

w o uld be i n ev i t a bl e B ut s o l o n g a s th e d ea d bo d y o f his
.

w ife w a s o n h is s h o uld er s the re w a s n o po s s i b ili t y of

s oo t hi n g h i s a n g er V i s h n u t h ere f o r e fl un g h i s d is k
.

s uda rs a n a c h a kr a ) a t t h e bo dy o f S a t i
( a n d b ro k e i t in to ,

5 1 pi ec es w hi c h f ell i n a s c a t t ered s ho w e r t o ea rt h
, E ve ry .

s po t w h er e a fra gmen t fell bec a me f ro m th a t m o ment

a h o ly s p o t f ull o f t he di v i n e s pi ri t o f S a t i
, The n a mes of .

th es e 51 pl a c es a re d es c ri bed in a Sa n s c rit po em c al led

”
P i t ha ma l a or t he G a rl a n d o f S an c t ua ri es C a l c utt a .

is o n e o f th em fo r t h e li t tl e t oe o f t he ri ght foo t o f S a t i is
s a id to h a v e fallen upo n its s it e : .

The P ura n a s s ta te th a t t he p l a c es s a n c t ifi ed by t he fall

o f t he fr a gmen t s o f t he bod y o f S a ti w ere rec og n i s ed as ,

Pit h a s t h an s w h ere t he s pi ri t o f S a ti w hic h i s n o o t her

, ,

t h a n di v i n e en ergy is w o rs hi ped a l o n w ith B ha i n n

,p g a

o r S i v a in t he s h a p e o f a Li n a T h L i ng a P ura n sa s
g e .
y
 978 L U TTA
CA C O L D AN D n ew .

la di es , d es i ro us o f w o rs hi p pi ng t h e B h a i ra v a N a kulesvat
Th e pro fi t s a ri s i ng fro m th e o fferi ng s o f t h e pi lgri ms
a p pr o pri a t ed by t he Hal da rs t he pri es t s in c h a rge of the
,

templ es o f K al i a n d N a k ules va r The p re d o mina n t fez

.

t ure o f t h e te mpl e o f N a k ules v a r is t he pre s e n ce o f a in

S a n y a s i s H i n d u mo n k s w h o d evo te a tt en t io n t o t he elud
, ,

d a t i o n o f t he i n t ri ca c ies of Hi n d u p hil o s o p h y a nd the

i n j un c t i on s o f t he S a s t ra s .

A t M eherp o ne, 1 1} mil es from t he Ali po re C o llec ton tt ,

is a t empl e o f R a dh a n a t h This i s r epo rt ed t o he an

.

a n c i en t N a v a ra t n a templ e o f goo d a rc h it ec t ure It was .

fo un d ed by on e R a mn a th M un dl e mo re th a n a h undred
r d w r t d b h i m t o t h w ors hip af
y e a s ag o a n a s c on s ec a e y e

R a dha n a t h . Th e t empl e is repo rt ed t o s t a n d w ith i s

s urr o un di n g w a ll s o n a n a rea o f a bo ut 6 bigg a h s of land

a n d w a s o n c e v e ry pi c t ures q ue I t is no w i n a ruinous
.

s ta te.

A t empl e of Ka li ma y a sol fo un d a t N o 244 Bow

be .
,

B a z a r St r eet C a l c ut ta
, . In a littl e build i n g thi s Kai
s t a n d s o n a w hi t e fi g ur e r ep res en ti ng a d ea d m a l e Cm .

t ig uo us t o t hi s buildi ng t h er e i s a li t t le t e m p le o f Sin .

w hi c h i s s a id t o be o ld e r tha n t h a t o f Ka li Th e Ka li was
.

es t a bli s h ed by o n e S ri ma n t a D o m o f v ery lo w c a s t e who

, ,

hi ms el f us ed t o perfo rm t he d uti es o f the p ries t to this

g o dd e s s f o r a p e ri o d o f n o t l es s t ha n 7 0 y ea rs up to

th e t i me o f h i s d ea t h . The D o m used t o t rea t t he peoplt

o f t hi s q ua rt er s ufferi n g fr o m s ma ll po x a n d for di s
-
,

rea so n a n id o l o f S it a l a is kep t a dj a cen t to t ha t of Kai

In t hi s w a y t he D o m beca me po p ula r am o n g t h e E urasian
res id en t s o f thi s q ua rte r w ho us ed t o s en d ofi erin gs to
,
 1 :1N D U TE M P LE S . 979

th is K a li , bei ng t h a n k ful fo r cu e r from t hi s pa rti c ul a r

d i s ea se H enc e
. t he g od d es s ha s ea r n ed t he n a me o f

F i ri n ghi K a li .

TE M P L E or S I D D HE S V A R I ( pp
U e r C hit po re R oa d ,
C a l c utta ) —It . is sa id t h a t a ft e r th e K a li of Ka l ig ha t h a d
a t t a i n ed ren o w n fa r a n d w id e a n d a few yea rs befo re t he
,

c o mi n g o f t h e id o l M a da n mo h a n o f V is h n a pur t o C a l c ut t a ,

t h i s Siddhes v a ri w as es ta b li s h ed by a p i o us men di c a n t ,

w h o hi ms elf us ed t o di s c h a r e t he d uti es o f pri es t T h e

g .

la te Abh a ya C h a ra n M i t ra o n e o f t h e w o r s hip per s o f

,

t h i s go dde s s co n tri buted muc h t o meet t he ex pen s es o f

,

t h i s temple The old i mag e o f thi s go dd es s ma d e o f

.

s t o n e ha s been pres erv ed i n the t empl e a s a reli c a n d th e ,

p r es e n t i m a g e i s m a d e o f c l a y a bo u t 7 fee t h ig h s t a n d ,

in g o n a fi gure rep res en ti n g a d ea d ma l e The go dd es s .

i s s t a n di n g in the p o s t ure o f Ka li i n Siddhes v a ri fo r m .

I t is s a id t h a t fo rmerly t he ri v er H oo g hly fl o w ed by t hi s
t e mp l e . The pres en t buildi ng is o f rec en t d a t e At t h e .

p r e se n t d a y o f, a ll t he K a li s a t C a l c ut t a A n an da ma y i, o f
N imt a la G h a t S treet a n d Siddhes v a ri o f B a gh ba z a r a re
,
-

t he o nl y t w o w hi c h a re d a ily a t ten d ed by the g r ea t es t

n umber o f w o r s hip pe r s The re a re t w o S i v a li n ga s o n e

.
,

o n ea c h s ide o f t hi s K a li .

TE M P L E S or S IV A (
s KLen de rdi ne
a ne C l
a cu att ) —
’
O ne , .

t emp l e ha s n i n e pi n n a c les a n d ea c h o f t h e o t h er t w o fi ve .

The t empl es a re n ea t ly co n s t ruc t ed w ith b r ic k s o f o ld

fas hi o n fi ve o r s ix i nc h es i n lengt h
,
The l at e Trilok .

ra m P a kra s i w ho w a s t h e D ew a n o f t h e Fo rt o f C a lc utta
,

i n hi s da y go t t h es e temp
,
buil t fo r hi m a n d es t a bl i s h ed
o ne S i v a i n ea c h of th em Th eir da te o f c on s t r
. uc ti o n
980 C ALCU T TA O LD AN D N E W .

n d s w i t h t h a t o f t he n ew Fo rt of C a l c utt a , and
corres po

i
it s s a i d t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l s us ed i n t hem a re o f t h e sen:

s pec i mens of th eir ki n d .

TE MP LE or AN AN D A M AY I ( N i mt a l a Gh a t , C a lc u t ta ) —lt .

is d th a t mo re t h a n a
s ai c en t ury
thi a go s g od d es s w as

t li
es a b s e h d by a M o h a n t a w h o h ad a c h el a ( d i s cip )
le

n a me d J aga n n a t h a a d e
, a l er in s tr a w T h e M o
. h a n

a t t he t ime o f h is d ea t h ma d e o ver t he go dde s s t o the

a fo res a id J a gan n a t h A few yea rs l a t er J a g a n n a th on

.
,

acco un t o f hi s s tr a i t en ed c i rc ums t a n c es s old t h i s, deity ,

t oget h er w i t h t he p iec e o f l a nd a dj a cen t t o t h e la te ,

N a ra y a n M i s r a w ho w a s a pi o us ma n an d c o n d uc t e d the
,

w o r s hip o f t he go dd es s i n a s a ti s fa c t o ry ma nn er O n the .

d ea th o f N a ra y a n M i s ra h is a d o pt ed s on Ha ra dev a Misra , ,

d efra yed the e x pen s e o f t he w o rs hip O n t h e d ea t h d .

Ha ra deva M i s ra his ne ph ew t he l a te Z emi n d a r Ba hu

, , ,

M a dh a b Ch a n dra Ba ne r jee o f N i mt a l a S t ree t i n heri t ed

‘

t hi s p ro pe rty a n d bec a me t he p ro p ri et o r o f th i s t e mple

Ma dh a b B a hu w a s s ucceed ed by t he la te B a hu S i b kris hna

Ba nerj ee w ho a ga in w a s s ucceeded by his a do p t ed s on
, ,

Ba hu N a n i La l B a n erj ee w ho i s the p res en t p ro p ri et or

,

o f t h i s t empl e The ima ge o f K al i is ma d e o f black

.

s to n e s t a n di n
g o n a w hi t e fi g ure r ep re s en t i n g a d e ad
ma le It is a bo ut tw o feet h igh a nd is co n s idered by the
.
,

w o r s hi ppe rs o f Ka l i a s t he a tt ern o f its k i n d T h fe et

p e .

a re a fo o t a n d a h a l f below th e l evel of the ro a d

- - -
a n d ti: ,

w h o le fig ure is s o fi r mly s t uc k t o t he gro und t h a t it ha

ba ffl ed s evera l a tt emp t s o f th e devo t ees t o ra is e it on a

982 CA C L UTTA O L D AN D N E W .

T HE N I M TA L A B U R N I N G G H A T .

The wo rd N i mt a l a me a n s t h e
h a de o f t h e N i m t ree s .

Thi s is t he c hi ef pl a c e in C a l c ut t a fo r th e di s p o s a l of
t he Hi nd oo d ea d Thi s bur n i ng gh a t a s it is po p ul a rly
.
,

c a ll ed
,
is n o t ex a c tly t he o ld s i t e but it is a s i t m us t , ,

be a n d h a s a l w a y s been i mme di a t el y o n t he ri ve r
,
The .

t o w n h a v i ng s t ea dily en c r o a c h ed o n t he H oog hl y th e ,

g h a t h a s m a n y a ti m e s hif t ed i t s s i t ua ti o n T he p res en t .

s tr uc t ure is t he c o n s t ruc t i o n o f t h e P o rt Co mmi s s io n e rs ,

w h o h a ve a t n o s ma ll co s t i mpr o v ed t he ri v er ba n k
, ,
.

The o ldg h a t c o uld s c a r ce ly b e a pp ro a c he d T h e .

Hi n d oo s b i tt erly c o mpl a i n ed o f t he in c o n v en i enc e e x

p e rie n c ed b
y t h e m i n th e p e rf o r ma n c e o f t h ei r s a d d ut y
a t t he g h a t B ut th o s e d a y s a re g o n e by a n d t h e p res en t
.

g h a t h a s c e a sed t o b e t he dr ea d f ul pl a c e a s s oc i a ted i n t he

Hi n d oo mi n d w i t h s a s ha n .

The proc es s o f c rema ti o n is c h ea p a n d s i mple A p y re .

o f w oo d i s e r ec t ed Th e c o rp s e is w a s h ed a n d ro b ed in
.

ne w c l o t h es a few,
ma n tra s a re ut t ere d by t he s o n o r
n ea res t rel a t i v e t he c o rp s e is t h en l a id o n t he p y re a n d
,

fi re a ppli ed t o it w h en it is red uc ed t o a s h es i n t w o o r
,

th ree h o urs The w h o l e o rdi n a rily c o s ts o n ly R s 3 7 for

. .
-

a d ul t s , a nd Rs 1 1 1 8 fo r mi n o r s un d er 1 0 y ea rs a c c o rd
.
- -
,

i ng t o t he t a ri ff fi x ed by t he M un i c ip a l Co m m i s s i o n ers .

P a upe r s a re bur n t a t t he o the r G h a t : ad ult s fo r R s 1 8 .

a n d mi n o r s fo r a n na s 1 3 6 o n ly a n d a bs o l ute p a upe rs fo r
-
,

n o t hi n g ,
t he c h a rge bei ng bo r n e by t he M un i c i pa li t y .

M O H A M M AD A N M O S Q U E S .

MO SQU E S 1N —
D uvn n umro u a m The fi n es t mo s q ue in
 M O HA MM AD AN 140 3 9 11 123 . 983

C a l c ut t a is t h a t at t h e c o rn er of D h urrumt o lla h St reet ,

e r e c t ed a n d en d o w edin 1 842 by t h e l a te Pri nc e G h o l a m
M a h o m ed ( s on o f Tippo o S ult a n
) I t . fo rms a c o n s p ic uous
o b j ec t fro m rth end o f
t he no C ho w rin ghee R o a d At n oo n .

a n d a t s un s et h un d red s o f M o ha mma da n s ma be s een

y
k n e e li n g in t he v er a n d a h It bea r s t h e fo ll o w i n g i n sc rip
.

Thi s M us jid w a s erec t ed d uri n g t h e Go v er n men t of

“
t io n '

L o rd A uc kl a n d by t h e Pri n ce Gh o l a m M a h o med
, ,

s o n o f t he l a t e Ti ppo o S ulta n i n g r a t i t ud e t o G o d a n d in
,

c o m memo ra t i o n o f t he Ho n o ra bl e C o urt o f D i rec to rs

g r a n t i n g h i m t h e a r re a r s o f h i s s tip en d i n 1 840 A b o ve .

t he middl e a rc h up on a t a bl et o v er t he doo r o f t he en
,

t r a n c e do t h e M us j id i s t he fo ll o w i n g i n sc ri p t i o n
,

The son of S ult a n Tippoo , d ec eas ed ,

M uh a mma d by n a me a n d pr a i s ed i n d eed ,
N ot M uh a mma d hi ms elf , but h is r
s e va n t fro m he a rt ,
t he

A
fo llo w er o f his reli g i o n w i t h s i n c eri t y a n d ,
p uri t y ,

B uil t t hi s p ure d w e lli n g p l a c e -

Fo r pr a i s e a n d pr a ye r a n d th a n k sg i v i n g a n d bl es s i ng
, ,
.

In it s use lik e t he Qi bl a a n d I s l a m ( t he Ka a ba o f M ec c a ) ;
In it s g l o ry li ke t h e M a s j idi Aq s a ( t he templ e o f
J er us a lem ) .

The An gel Ga bri el s a id a s a d a t e fo r t h a t buildi n g ,

By w a y o f it s c o mpl et i o n a n d a s a bl es s i n g
Ma y God k eep t h ee s a fe a s t he templ e o f J erus a l em .

By the bl es s i ng o f the Apos t l es o f Truth a n d his fa mily , .

H AFI Z H A rt M s
'
’
M O S Q UE in C o lo o t o lla h .
-
E rec ted i n
1 270 H .
, 1 853 A D . . I t bea rs t h e i n sc ri pti o n
Si nc e t he r i
e ec t o n o f t h s i mus jid w asl a ud a bl e ,

Built as it w a s in a n a t t ra c ti v e s t yl e a nd l o fty s tr uc t ure , .

 CA CL U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

Al i bo red t he pa r] o f it s d a t e w ith o ut di fli c ul ty
Ma y Go d rew a rd t h ee w i t h goo d i n bo th w o rld s .

Th e l et te r s of t he l a s t l i n e fo rm 1 270 af ter c a s t i n g out

t w o l et te r s a s dir ec te d i n t he pr ev i o us li n e b a pl a i t he
y y n

o ri g i n a l o n t h e w o rd s w i th o ut di ffi c ulty
, .

MO S Q U E or K ITA B U D D I N SA R KA R ,
C a l c ut t a ( Se a l d a h ) .

N o i n s c rip t i o n Built 6 7 yea rs ag o by K it a budd i n S a r ka r

. .

Thi s mo s q ue is a bri c k buildi n g i n ba d rep a i r It c o n s i s ts .

o f t w o s t o ri es t h e l o w er be i n g a ma s j id a n d p a s s a g e to
,

th e upp er s t o ry in w h i c h t h ere is a s ma l ler ma s j i d a n d

,

ro o ms fo r t he M uj a w i r a n d o t he r a t t en d a n t s .

The M uj a w i r in 1 895 w a s S h a i kh Ha fi z ull a h , a ma n d

r t nc t i ty w h i r di t d w i t h m i u l u w
‘

g ea s a o s c e e ra c o s ers
, p o .

M a n y ed uc a t ed M us li ms a re his di s c ipl es He i s a v e ner .

a bl e o ld ma n o f s o me 65 y ea r s o f a ge a nd h a s been ,

M uj a w ir a t t hi s ma s jid s o me 40 y ea rs .

K it a buddi n , fo un d ed t he mo s q ue w a s a p r o sp er
w ho ,

o us me rc h a n t . He di ed s oo n a ft e r t he mo s q ue w a s com
p l ete d. H i s s o n w h o s ucc eed ed h i m w a s a d run ka rd
a nd s p en d t h ri f t N o f un d s h a v e been a v a i l a bl e for
.

t he s upp o r t o f t h e mo s q ue fo r ma n y y ea r s I t h a s no .

en d o w me n t . The c urren t ex pen s es a re met by S h a i k Hafi

z ull a h a n d h i s di s c ipl es .

M o s gc s AN D TO M E or B HO N S R t S HAH , C a lc ut t a ( C hi t
p u r
.
) — T he m a s jid i s n ea re r t o C a l c ut t a t h a n t he s h ri n e on

t h e n o r t h ba n k o f t he c a n a l The s hri n e is on t he l ef t h a nd
'

-
.

s id e g o i n g fr o m C a l c ut t a It is a ppr oa c h ed f ro m the
.

bridg e by a s t a i r I t i s freq uen t ed by bot h M a h o meda ns

.

a n d H i n d o o s a n d is rep ut ed t o h a v e h ea l i ng po w ers
,
.
986 L
C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E w .

g a i i
n ng one ppo i n t men t s a n d w a s po s t ed as
of th es e a ,

D i w a n o f th e S t a t e a n d bec a me k n o w n a s D i w a n Ka s i
nath . Hi s d ev ot i o n to t he s a i n t J umma Sha h w a s s o p ro
fo un d t h a t h e buil t t he s h ri n e at h is o w n ex p en s e i n t h e ’

y ea r 1 80 A D o r t h erea bo ut s ; b ut bei n g a Hi n d u by
8
. .
,

c a s t e t h o ugh t it i mpro p er t o se rv e a Mus a l ma n s a i n t ;

a cco rdi n g ly h e s o u g h t f o r a d ev o u t M u s a l m a n t o s e rv e

t h e s a i n t a n d a t t en d t he s hri n e a n d fo un d o n e G um a n ,

S h a h eld e r b ro t h er o f J ut t i S h a h w h o m he eng ag ed fo r
, ,

t hi s d u t y O n .J u m m a S h a h s d ea t h h e w a s s u c c ee
’
d ed by
his y o un ge b ot r r h e r J ut t i S h a h M a
,
ul a v i S ir a j u l H . a qq
-
,

a t t h a t t i me t h e Q a z i ul Q uz z a t o f t h e l a t e S a d r D i w a n i
-

Ad a l a t a d v i s ed J ut t i S h a h a nd h el p ed h im w i t h f un d s t o
, ,

build a n Ima mba r a in M ac h ua B a z a r S t re et o f t h e t o w n

-

M h er e i t is no w in ex i s t en c e i n a d il a p i d a t ed
( i rz a po re
) w ,

c o n di t i on .

R AJ AB Am
’
s TO M B .
— Ou
id e, o f H a s t i n g s th e w es t s

n ea r t h e P ubl i c W o rk s D e p a r t men t go d o w n s is R a j a h ,

Al i s s hri n e
’

It is s a id t o be a bo ut 1 00 y ea rs o ld
. .

R a j a h Ali w a s a na t i v e o ffi c er i n t h e G o v e rn o r Ge n e ra l s -
’

bo dy g ua rd w ho d es ert ed a n d b ec a me a fa q ui r Th e da t e .

o f h is d ea t h a cc o rdi n g t o D r, R a n ki n g t he l a t e S ec re ,

t a ry t o t he B o a rd o f E x am i n er s w a s a bo ut 1 790 A D . .
,

W Az m ’

AL 1
’
s TO M B ( K a s i a Ba ga n B uri a l g ro un d , n ea r -

t he B a mun B us t ee P o li c e Th a n a , o n t he ea s t s i de o f t h e
Cir c u ar l Ro a d ) .
—W a z i r
do pted s o n o f A suf Ali w a s t he a

ud D o ul a b N a w a b o f O ud e w ho fig ures w ith C o lon el

-
, ,

M o rd a un t a n d Cl a ud Ma rt i n e in Z o ffa n y s fam o us p ic t ure ,

’

of C o l o n el M o rda un t s C oc k ma t c h p a i n ted i n 1 7 83
’
- .

O n As uf ud D o ula h s de a th in 1 7 97 he w a s pl a c ed o n the
’
- -
,
 M O HA M M A D AN M OS Q U E .

t h ro n e , but his foo li s h i n t rigues bei n g repo rt ed to the

G o v er no r G en er a l he w a s de pos ed a n d t he l at e N a w a b s
-
, ,
’

s on , Sa a dut Ali r a i s ed t o t he thr o ne

, W a z ir Ali w a s .

g r a n t ed a n a n n u a l pen s i o n o f t w o la c s a n d o rd ered t o
r ep a ir fr o m L uc k n ow t o Be n a res w h er e M r Geo rge .
,

F red eric k Ch erry t he R es id en t w a s t o ma ke a rr a n eme n ts

, , g
f o r h is proc eedi ng t o hi s ulti ma te d es t i n a t i o n He w a s . .

i n v ited to M r Ch erry s h o us e to brea kfa s t o n J a n ua ry

.
'

1 4t h 1 799 a n d c a me a tt en d ed b l w ry
, , y a a rg e s a r o r

a rmed r et i n ue He h a d plo t t ed a gen era l ma s s a c r e but

.

s uc c eede d o n ly i n killi n
g M r Ch e rry C .a pt a i n E d w a rd,
S .

C o n w a y a n d M r R ober t G ra h a m . His men t h en ma d e

.

t he ir w a y t o t he h o us e o f M r D a v i s the J udge w ho h el d.
, ,

the m a t ha y w ith a hog S pea r o n the w i n di ng s ta i rc a s e

le a di ng t o h is r oo f M r D a v i s s to ry o f h is d efenc e w as
. .
’

p u b li s h ed by h i m i n a ( no w ra r e) li t tl e b oo k b ea ri n g o n t h e

c o v er a r epr es en t a ti o n o f h is hi s t o ri c s p ea r W a z ir Ali w a s .

c a pt ured i n B er a r a n d c o nfi n ed in Fo rt W illi a m i n a so rt

o f i r o n c a g e w h ere he died o f w a t er i n t h e c h es t i n M a
, y
1 81 7 a t t he a ge o f 36 a ft er a so lit a ry co n fi n emen t of 1 7
, ,

y ea rs a n d so me mo n th s The ex pen ses o f hi s f unera l

c o s t 70 r up ees a n d t h a t o f his ma rri a e i n 1 7 94 th i rty
, g
l a c s ! Th e i n s c ri ptio n o n h is t o mb; w hi c h is n ot fa r
f r o m t he g r a v e o f o n e o f Tippoo Sulta n s s ons , is a s
’

f o ll o w s Tr uly t he da y o f s ep a r a t i o n ha s ren t my
h ea rt ; ma y Go d r en d t h e h ea rt of t h e da y o f s ep a ra ti o n .

E very t hi n g o n ea rt h is peri s h a bl e but th e c o un t en a nc e o f ,

t he g r ea t a n d gl o ri o us G od rema i net h fo r ever 0 God .

,

a rd o a n d c o v er o ur tr a n s g res s io ns ; t h o u o n ly a rt g rea t
p n

a nd gl o ri o us a n d ben efic en t W h en the V i z i er o f Hi n d us

.

t a n Vl a z i r Ali As uf J a h q uitt ed thi s pl a c e of v a n i t y fo r

'

, ,
988 C A C UTTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

t he ma n s i o n s of
Pa ra di s e I di v ed i n to t h e o c ea n of
,

t h o ug ht i n o rd er t h a t I mi ht o bt a i n t he r l t a i i
, g pea c o n n ng
t he d a t e o f h is r emov a l w he n s udd en ly m y ea rs w ere
,

a s s a il ed w ith t he c ry o f W a c e D ureeg h a or “ n!i

wo l fro m t he r a c e o f t he ge n ii the h uma n r a c e a nd

, ,
”
fro m t h e fea t h ered t ri bes .

TH E J AI N TE M PL E O F RAI B U D D R E E D A S
BA H AD U R .

E v e ry i i t o r i n t eres t ed in t empl es s h o uld ma k e a po i nt

v s

o f s eei ng t he J a i n Te mpl e a t M a n ikt o la o fl U p per C i rc ular

'

R o a d i n t he n o rth o f t he t o w n
,
It w a s fo un d ed i n 1 867
.

by R a i Budd ree D a s Ba h a d ur M oo ki m a nd C o urt J ew el ler

,

t o t he Go v er n ment o f I n di a a n d t h e pill a r o f t h e J a i n
,

c o mm un ity in C a lc ut t a The J a i n s w ho a re t he Q ua k ers

.
,

o f I n di a a re n o n c o nf o r mi s t s t o t h e B r a h ma n i c a l s y st em
,
-

o f Hi n d ui s m Th ey a re mo s t ly t r a d er s ; a n d th o ug h few
.

i n n umber s h a v e a t t a i n ed g re a t i mpo rta n ce o w i ng t o t hei r

,

w eal t h . Lik e t he mag n i fice n t s eri es o f t empl es a n d s h ri n es

on M ou n t A b u t h,
e M a n i k t o l a t e m p l e is o n e o f t h e m a n y
no t a ble ma n i fe s t a t i o n s o f t h e w ea l th a n d i n fl uen ce o f t h eir

c o mm un i t y The t emple is d edi c a t ed to S i t a l N a t h j i t en t h

. ,

i n o rd e r o f t h e t w en t y fo ur J a i n t ri th a n ka ra s o r p ro p h et s
- .

F r o m R a i B udd ree D a s Ba h a d ur Templ e S t reet

’
s t he

t ra v ell er en t er s t h e te mpl e thr oug h a s uperb a rc h w a y .

The i
v ew tha t y is bea ut i ful in t he e x treme
meet s h is e es .

At t h e en d o f t he f a i ry lik e g ro un d s ri s es t h e te mp le
-
,

buil t in t h e J a i n s tyl e o f N o rth ern I n di a It is a pp roa c hed .

by b ro a d ma r bl e s t ep s a n d fl a n k ed o n t h ree s id es by a
,
 C H A P TE R X I X .

U P A N D D O W N TH E R I V E R .

( B Y M R . J U L IA N C O TTO N ,

to C a l c ut t a is co mpl et e w t i h o ut an e x c urs i o n on

In fo rmer ti mes ev ery E ngli s h ma n a rri v ed i n C a lc ut ta

by t he H oo ghly . N ow a d a y s a l a s o ur fi r s t v ie w o f t h e
, ,

c a p it a l o f I n di a is ga i n ed fr o m th e t r a i n a n d n o t f ro m t h e

s t ea mer . B ut th e g r ea t ri ve r i s a l w a y s w h a t i t w a s a n ,

un c h a n g i n g l a n d ma rk in t he mids t o f all th e c h a n g e a n d
c h a n c e th a t h a s tr a n s fo r med C a l c utt a fr o m a fo rt i fi ed
fa c to ry i n to a bus i n es s met ro po li s O n it s tid e s t il l flo at
.

t h e c o un try bo a t s t h a t g r eet ed t h e ey es o f Ch a rn o c k Its .

ba n k s a re li ned w ith t emp a n d g h a ts m a n y o f t h em

,

c en t uri es o ld , o v e rg ro w n w i t h myth an d fa b l e And .

th o ug h the I n di a ma n a n d t he tea c li p per h a ve gi v e n w a y to

-

”
th e li n er a n d t h e tra mp th ey a re s till n a v ig a t ed
,

thro ug h t he s ilt a n d th e s a n d by t he s a me ra c e o f H oo g hly

p il o t s th a t t oo k t h e e a rli es t f a c t o rs up t h e B a rr o f
”
G a n g es . The v i s it o r w ho l oo ks o ut a c ro s s th e M a ida n
,

o n t o t h e ma s t s a n d f un n el s t h a t l ie t h ree a n d f o ur d eep

in t h e ri v er h a rdly rea li s es t he t ri umph s of eng i n ee r i n g t ha t

h a ve k ep t o pen t he Po rt o f C a l c ut t a fo r s hips o f t h e l a rg es t
t o n n a ge . Let h i m s t a n d o f a mo r n i ng o n t h e H o o g hl y
B rid ge a n d w a t c h t h e li n es o f t ea fl a t s a n d j ut e ba rges
a n d t h e v es s el s flyi n g t h e fl a g o f n ea rly ev ery n a t i o n in the

w o rld t o be c o n v i n c ed t h a t thr o ugh thi s un certa i n h ig h w ay

fl o w s h a l f the c o mmerc e o f I n dia .

 UP AN D DO W N THE R I V E R .

B ut t he ri ver ha s o th er us es L o n g be fo re hill s t a ti o n s
.

w e re t h o ug ht o f E uro pe a n s reg ul a rly be t oo k t h ems el v es

,

up t he H oo g hly t o esc a pe t he tri a l s o f a ho t w ea th er i n

t he i r C ho w ri n g h ee p a l a c es Gov er n o rs Ge n er a l s t a rted fo r
.
-

t h eir t o ur s up c o un t ry by w a te r t r a v el li n g in t he g r a n d es t
-
,

o f s t a t e ba rg e s w i t h a fl o t ill a o f l es s er bo a t s bea r i ng th eir

,

s ui te a n d a t te n d a n t s Th e V i ce r o y s till h a s h is v ill a a t
.

B a rr a c kp o re fo r w eek en d v i s i t s d uri n g t h e bri e f w i n t er

-

sea s o n t h a t he s p en d s a t C a l c ut t a ; but th e ri ve r s ide re -

”
t rea t s o f t he o ld n a bo bia n s a s H i c key us ed t o ca l l t h em,
,

a re thi n gs o f t h e p a s t a n d t h e t o uri s t is mo re l i k ely t o be

,

tempt ed t o c a tc h t he ma il t o D a rj eeli n g t h a n to d evo t e a

da y in a s t ea me r bet w een Ga rd en R ea c h a n d Chi n s ura h .

To d a y h o w ev er h e mus t ex plo r e t he ri v er w ith us fo r

-
, , ,

w e h a v e bo o ke d hi m a p a s s a g e i n t h e s t ea mer w hi c h le a ves

Ha t ko la G h a t fo r H oo g hly a t 7 30 in the mo r n i n g -
.

Tur n i n g t he l bo w o f l a n d w hi c h p ro j ec ts a bo v e the
e

R o y al E ng i n eeri n g C o ll ege (l a t e B i s h o p s Co ll ege) w e

’

o bt a i n a s pl en did v i ew o f t he c ity a n d po rt w i t h it s ma s s i v e
'
'

buildi n gs a n d f o re s t o f ma s t s N o t h i ng ma k es C a l c utt a
.

s eem mo re un I n d i a n t h a n t he s mo ki n g c hi mn ey s t a c k s o f
- -

Ho w r a h w hi c h r eca ll s o v i v idl y t he So ut h w a rk ba n k o f
,

t he Th a me s . As w e go n o rth w a rd to w a rds Go o s ery t he

n o bl e ri v e r s id e bea r s mo re a n d mo re t h e i mpr es s o f i n d us

tri a l a c ti v ity Pros a i c c o tton a n d j ute f a c t o ri es j o s t l e

.

c h ee k by j o w l w i t h O ld w o rld t emp l es a n d pa g oda s

-
B a l ly .
,

so me mil es f ur t h e r o n is a s t udy i n c o n tr a s t s
, M o s t o rt ho .

do x o f h o ly pl a c es it h a s co me t o be t h e h o me o f mo s t
,

un o rth od o x P a pe r a n d B o ne M ill s Tra diti o n h a s it th a t .

it w a s to B al ly t ha t t he B ra h mi n s w h o s tood ro un d ,
992 C A L C UTTA O LD AN D N E W .

N unc o ma r s ’
s c a ff ol d , ra n in ho rro r t o puri fy t h ems elves
in t h e r iv er w i t h c ri es of Ah ba up a ree w hen t hey -

”
sa w th e R a j a h rea lly t ur ned o ff . At t he a d o i n ing
j
ha ml et of U tt erpa ra , mode rn d uca ti o n
e ha s w o rked

w on d e rs , un d er the fos t eri n g ca e of

r the l a te B a hu Joy
K i s s en Moo kerj ee ( 1 808 Li bra ry C o llege
a nd t he ,

a nd L t
ec u e r R oo m s f o un d ed b y th i s p h i l a n t h ro p i c

i d
z em n a r r ti
a re a s e n e ge ca
,
lly m a i n t a i n ed b y h i s s on R a ja

P ea ry M o h un M oo kerj ee C ,
.

Ba rn a go re i mmed ia tel y o ppo s ite c a rri es our m in ds ,

ba c k t o t he D utc h my n h ee r s w ho h a d a ho us e a n d
rd h r e i n t h e b r a v e d a y s o f o ld S t reyn s h a m M a s t er
g a en e .

w ho v i s i t ed t h em i n 1 676 s p ea k s o f t heir Hogg fa c t o ry ,

w h ere I a m i n fo r me d t hey k ill a bo ut h oggs i n a yea r

”
a n d s a l t t h em fo r th ei r s h ipp i n T h v i l l i t el f ha d
g e . ag e s

a f a mo us ly i n fa mo us rep ut a t i o n a n d th e a d mi x ture of
,

ra c es p r o d uc ed a n E ur opea n i z ed c l a s s o f w o men k n ow n as
t he Mo s ses w ho h a ve th ei r mo d er n c o un terpa rt i n th e
,

w hit e Tiyy a s o f M a l a ba r To d a y B a rn a go re i s a res

.
-

p e c t a ble M u n i c ip a lity a nd t h e s ea t o f ex te n s i v e m ill s for

t he ma n uf a c t ure o f g un n y ba gs A li t t l e w a y a bo ve a re
-
.

t he t emp l es o f D a kh in es w a r o r D uk s h in s o re w he re t he

N a bo bs o f C h it po re o n ce h un t ed tig ers P a ss i ng Ko n n a g a r .

o n th e ri g h t ba n k w e a rri ve a t R is he ra
,
o ne o f t he ,

ma n y retr ea t s up t he ri ver s a c red t o t he memo ry o f

W a rren H as ti ngs Cl ose to M es s rs B irk my re s J ute
. .
'

M ill s is R is hera H o us e a fi ne old ma ns i on a p p ro a c hed

, ,

by a n a ven ue o f a n c i en t ma n goe tr ees s o me of w h ic h a re ,

s ai d t o h a ve bee n p l a n t ed by t he f a i r M a ri a n he rs elf .

Soo ks a g ur, a not h er riv e s ider v ill a ge, w here Ha s ti ngs

. 994 CALC U TTA o w nun s a w .

Lo rd Welles l ey too k it ba c k I h a v e been very w ei

.
,
”

he w rit es in J une , 1 801 s i n c e H e n ry s a rr

, i v a l res id i ng
’
,

a l mo s t en tir ely a t B a rra c kpo r e w hi c h i n my us ua l q i rt

'

, ,
"
o f t yr a n n y , I h a v e fi lc hed fro m t h e Co mma n d e r i n C hiel - -
.

In 1 804 t he co t t ag e fo r it w a s n o thi ng mo r e w a s reported

, , ,

t o be uns a fe a n d Lo rd W ell es l ey h a d it p ull e d d o w n a nd

,

r epl a ced by a l a rge bun ga l ow t o be use d a s a t e m po rary, .

res i den c e w hil e a grea t new p a l a c e co s ti ng 34 la cs wa s

,
”
buildi n g o n t he S po t , ma rk ed d o w n a s g r ee n h o us e in -

t he pl a n o f the peri o d The C o urt o f D irec t o rs h o w ever

.
, ,

n i pped thi s mag n i fi c en t id ea i n t h e bud , an d t h e w o rk w as

s us p en d ed a fter t he ba s emen t s to rey h a d bee n c o m pleted

,
.

The ma t eri a l s c oll ec ted w ere a ll a uc ti o n ed but t h e shell ,

of t he buildi n g s t o o d fo r s ev er a l y ea rs , a n d ev o k ed the

fo ll o w i n g l a men t fro m M rs M a ri a Gra h a m ( a ft erw a rds

.
,

L a dy C a lc ot t a n d t he a ut ho r es s o f Li ttl e Arth ur s Hi s t ory

’

o f E n g l a n d ) w ho s a w it i n 1 81 0 : W e lan d ed a t the
P a l a c e begun by t he M a rq ui s W ell es l ey , but di s c on t in ued
,

by t he fr uga li t y o f t he E a s t I n di a n C o m p a n y ; its
un fi n i s h ed a rc h es s h ow ed in t he moo n li g ht li k e a n a n c ient
r ui n a n d c o mp l eted t he bea uty o f the s ce n e O f the .

te m p o r a ry bung a l o w a dj o i n i ng as it a p pea r ed i n 1 803

, ,

th ere is a v i g n ett e a t t h e h ea d o f t he fi rs t c h a p t er in
Lo rd V a l en ti a s Tr a v el s ’
A dec a de l a t er Lo rd M i n to
.
,

w as i t s en t h us i a s t i c occ up a n t B a rr a c kp o re . l: ,

w ri t es ,
is rea lly deli c i o us a n d ta k es th e s ti ng o ut of
I n di a The pro j ec t ed p a l a c e w o uld h a v e been m a gn i
.

fi c en t I h a ve n o d o ubt but i n perfec t c o n tr a dic t io n w i th

, ,

e v e ry p ur o s e o f t h e pl a c e
p I t w o u ld
. ha v e been t o c o me

f ro m C a l c utt a t o C a l c ut t a a g a i n : a n d yo u mus t h a v e ha d '

t h e s a me multi t ud e o f t ro ubles o me a tt en d a n ts a n d ha ve ,
 UP AN D D O W N THE R I V E R . 995

l i v ed t he sa me full d res s i n to l er a bl e li fe
-
yo ur c oun try at

M se a s in t o w n H ere he ga ve a g r a n d ba ll an d s upper
.

o n J a n ua ry 1 2t h 1 81 2 t h e a n n i v er s a ry of h is w edd i n d
, , g a y
a s a pp ea ri n g to my sel f mo re w o rthy o f c el ebr a t i on th a n
”
a n y o the r f ea s t i n t he c a len d a r es peci all y
( a n d thi s is a,

d el i ghtf ul t o uc h t o a n y l o v er o f t he c l a s s i c s ) a s it i s a l s o ,

t h e birt hd a y o f Ci c er o a gen t l ema n , w h o a tt en d ed us

,

fa i thf ully t h ro ugh t he w ho l e ( J a v a ) ca mp a i gn Sev en .

h un d red s a t d o w n t o s uppe r a n d yo u s ee ho w I mus t

.
,

O p pr es s t h e pr ov i n c e t o s up po rt s uc h ex t ra v a ga n ce .

H eber t yed
s a at B a rr a c kp o r e fo r tw o da ys in O c to ber,
1 828, as t h e gues t Lo rd Amh er s t
of He h a d h is fi r s t
.

e x pe ri en c e o f a n el eph a n t ride i n t h e P a rk a n d r eco rd s in ,

h i s J o urn al t h a t the w o rd b ung al ow is a co rrup ti on o f

B eng a li ! B ut t he mo s t v i v a ci o us vi s it o r th a t the l a e
p c

h a d in th o s e ea rly d a y s w a s t he n a t ur a li s t J a c q uemo n t ,
“

w ho a lso too k his fi r s t rid e he re o n a mo vi n g

m o un t a i n a n d e n j o y ed hi ms el f th o r o ug hl y in th ese s y lva n
,

s urr o un di n gs . So meti mes a f ter l un c h w hi c h a t t w o ,

o c l o c k b ro ug ht
’
to geth er al l th e i n ma t es , and w h ere
I re fr a i ned fro m a ppea ri n g v ery o f t en fro m w a n t of
v i rt ue t o res is t t he pdt é de fo i e gra s I us ed t o g o
'
,

w ith L a dy W illi a m B en ti n c k t o her dr a w in g ro o m -

,

w h er e t h e a fte r n oo n s lipped a w a y v ery p l ea s a n tl y t a lk

i n g o f t he a n t i po d es ra i n an d fi n e w ea t h er In t he
,
.

ev en i n g a ft er di n n er , w e h a d s o meti mes a li t t le mus i c en ,

t i t o mi t é I us ed t o mo n op ol i s e Lo rd W illi a m a t t h e
p e e c .

en d o f t he s o f a a t t he f urt h e r c o r n er o f th e r oo m ; h e ta l k ed

to me o f I n di a a n d I t a l k ed t o h i m o f t h e U n it ed S t a tes ;
,

th en a t h a lf pa s t t en the s i gn a l for d epa rt ure I reti red

,
-
, ,
996 CALC U TTA o w AN D N E W .

ta ki n g t he m
ar of fri end w ho amo ng so ma n y kind
t he
—
,

q i
ac u n an c es
a t I ha d al rea dy g a i n ed I m m C o lm ei
Hez et a O ft en before en t eri ng t he bunga lo w w h ic h w e
.
,

i n h a bi t ed t ogeth er w e us ed t o s tro ll ti ll mi dn ig h t t h ro ugh

,
”
th e i mmen s e w al k s o f the bea utif ul pa rk o f B a rra c kp o re .

Th i s pa rk o f 250 a c res , bea uti fully w ooded a n d a rtis

t ic a ll y l a id o ut , is t he fea ture o f B arrac kpo re Go v e rn ment .

Ho us e oc c up i es a n a d mi ra b le s itua ti on c o mma n d in g a ,

p r os p ec t o f m o r e t h a n s ix m i les d ow n th e riv e r w hos e ,

brea dth h er e is s uffic i en t fo r g ra n d eur a nd n o t t oo m uc h for

bea ut y . In t he g ro un d s w a s fo r merly a me n ag erie d
s tr a n ge a n i ma l s , but th e c o llec ti o n w a s bro ken up a bo ut t he

ti me the Ca l c utt a Z oo w a s bei ng o rga n i s ed The p rin c i pa l .

obj ec t s o f i n te re s t i n t h e P a rk a re L a dy C a n n i n g s t o mb
’

a n d a M emo ri a l H al l erec t ed by L o rd Mi n t o in 1 81 3 to
”
t he memo ry o f t he bra v e I t c on t a i n s ta bl et s c o m me
.

mo ra t in g t he o ffi c ers w ho fell a t t he co n q ue s t o f t h e I s le of
F r a n ce ( M a uriti us ) i n 1 81 0 a n d of J a v a i n 1 8 1 1 Th is .

V a lh al l a h a s a mo s t ex t r a o rdi n a ry ec h o In 1 843 i n s c rip

.

ti on s w ere a dd ed by Lo rd E ll en bo rough t o the o ffi ce rs w ho ,

fell a t M a ha ra j po re a n d P un n ia r .

The pa ra d e g r o un d of B ar r a c kpo re h a s been t h e s c ene

o f t w o muti n i es of na titroop s
ve ,
— in
1 824 w h en th e 47th ,

B N I ref us ed t o s erv e
. . . a c ro s s th e bl a c k w a te r i n t he
fi r s t B ur me se W a r a n d ag a i n i n 1 857 ( t he fi rs t a c t of
,

t he g rea t M ut in y ) w h en M og ul P an d y a ft e r d e f in
y g , a

s co r e o f E n g li s h o ffi ce r s w as a rr es t ed b t h e C h i ef
, y ,

Li eut Gene r a l Si r J o h n Hea rs ey K G B In t h e s t a t ion

.
-
, . . .

c emet ery i s t h e l a s t res t i n g pl a c e o f Hea rs ey s th i rd s o n a

’
-
,

s uba l t ern o f H us s a rs w h o w a s dr o w n ed h ere s i x r

,
y ea s
998 C A L CU TTA O LD AN D N EW

i
v ew of a di s t an t s t eeple Th e v i s it b r w ho l a n ds a t t he
.

g h a t f a c i n g t he c h ur c h w ill be m o r e t h a n re w a rd e d if he

vent ures o n a li t tl e ex plo r a tio n O nc e po w e rf ul F re d eric a

.

n a g o r e ( a s t he D a n es ca ll ed it a ft er F r ede ri c k t h e Fifth

o f D en ma rk a s s e ttl ed d o w n t o t h e p ro s a i c e x i s t en c e
) h
o f a n i n d us t ri a l to w n s hi p : but i n s p it e o f s t e a m c ra m

a n d mill en g i n es t he pl ac e is ri c h
, in me m o rie s of
t he pa s t In 1 7 99 t he t hree B a pt i s t m is s io n a ries
.
,

C a rey M a rs h ma n a n d W a rd s ettled h e re a n d s et
, ,
‘

up t h eir p ri n ti n g pr es s w he r e t hey p ri n t ed t h e T es ta
,

men t no t o nl y in B en g al i but ev en in Chi n es e P ri n sep

, ,

le n di n g w o rk men fro m M o n ira mpo re t o en g ra v e the

w o od en bl oc k s fo r t he Chi n ese c h a r a c t er s Th i rt y t ra n s i n
.

ti o n s o f t h e Sc ript ures t he fi r s t B en ga l i n ew s p a p e r a nd
, ,

t h e F ri en d o f I n di a ( pro gen it o r o f t he C a l c ut t a S ta t es
ma n w er e h e re p ubli s h ed ; a n d it i s w o n d e rf ul t o t h i n k

th a t o f t he t riumv i r a te o f me n w ho a c c o m p l i s h ed t his
,

w o rk C a r ey h a d been a c o bbl er W a rd a n a ppre n t i c e t o a

, ,

p a i n t e r a n d M a rs h ma n a s h op bo y
,
-
.

W i th th e permi s s i o n o f the Pri n c ip a l w e w ill n o w pro ,

oec d t o t he C o ll eg e a n i mmen s e w hit e edi fic e w h i c h d a t es

, ,

fr o m 1 821 The Li br a ry o n t he uppe r floo r c o n t a i n s a

.

’
v al ua bl e c o ll ec t i o n of boo k s a nd D r ,
C a rey s c h a ir .
,

c rut c h es a n d t he o ld
, p ulpit in w h i c h a s t he s a y i ng ,

w en t C a r ey us ed t o pr ea c h w i t h s i mpli c ity M a c k w i th
, ,

a ut h o ri t y a n d M a r s h ma n w i t h le n gt h
, Amo ng t he p o rt ra i ts
.

i s o n e o f C a rey w i t h h is m oo ns h ee s a id t o be by Z o fl a n y
'

, ,

a n d a n o th er o f W a rd by Pe nn y H ere t oo is the f a mo us
.

i t ur l pr n o un c ed t o be t h a t o f M a d a me G r a n d by
p c e o n g o

Z o fl a n y The t r a di t i o n h a s been kill ed by D r B us t eed.

'

. .
 UP AN D D O W N r m: R I V ER . 999

w ho w as lo n g a s t urd y beli ev er in it His pa mph le t The

.

”
S e ra m po r e po rtra it is it M a d a me G r an d ? c o n c l us i vely
,

p r o v e s t h e l a dy o f t h e pi c t u r e t o b e Pri n c es s L o u i sa A u g us t a

o f A ug us ten burg s i s ter o f F rede ri c k V I o f D en ma rk w ho

, .
,

g a v e a c h a rt e r t o t h e C o ll eg e
,
a n d w h os e m o th e r w a s th e

i l l f a ted Q ueen C a ro li ne M a tild a d a ught er O f F re d eric k

-
,

P ri n c e o f W a les an d a s i s t er O f o ur Geo rg e I I I
, Pri n c es s
.

L o ui s a w a s bo r n in 1 7 7 1 a n d ma rri ed th e h a n d s o me Pri n c e
i n r uffles a n d a g reen ri ba n d w ho h a n g s n ea r he r o n t h e
w a ll . B ut t h e l eg en d w hi c h ha s bee n a n a rti c l e o f fa i th
w i t h eve ry S er a mpo r e S i g h ts eer di es h a rd ; a n d t h er e c a n
-

be littl e d o ubt t h a t t he M i s s i o n did o n c e po s s es s a p o rtr a it

o f t h e f ut ure Pri n c es s Ta lle yr a n d , th o ugh w hith er it h a s
n e n o o n e c a n t ell K y r i l r i
’
g o . a e s a t c e o n F a n c s i n t h e

s ec o n d v o l ume o f th e C a lc ut ta R evi ew for Decembe r ,

1 844 ( t he v o l ume i s i n a s h elf in t he L i br a ry n ot fa r fro m

,

t he p o r t r a i t ) s p ea k s in s o ma n y w o rd s o f her po rtr a it by
Z o ffan i n o w a d o r n i n g t he w a ll s o f M r M a r s h ma n s res i
, .
’

”
de nc e a t Ser a mp o re a n d M a r s h ma n hi ms elf mos t a cc u
, ,

r a te O f men c o rro bo r a t es the s t a t emen t w h en c o mmen ti ng

,

upo n K a ye s a rti c l e in h is F rien d of In dia M i ss E den h a n ds

’
.

ba c k t he t r a di t i o n furt h er t h a n K a y e . W ri t i n g fro m
“
B a rra c kpo r e un d er d a t e 1 9t h April 1 837 s he s a y s : , ,
I
h a ve s uc h a n i n te res ti n g po r t ra i t t o c o py j us t no w a ,

p i c t u r e by Z o ff a n y o f M a d a m e T a ll e yr a n d w h e
,
n s he w as

i n thi s c o un try a s M rs G r a n d . . Iv is s o pr etty C a pt a i n

.

C bo rro w ed it O f t he o w n er t o h a v e a C o py ma d e O f it
for hi ms elf a n d a s th er e a re h a rdly a n y a rt i s t s a n d n on e
, ,

g o o d i n C a l c u t t a ,
I a m Co pyi n
g i t fo r h i m .

Th e l a s t Of t h e D a n es h a s l o ng p a s s ed aw a y fro m S era m
1 000 CAL C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

p o r
e ,
a nd t he on i r o f th ei r rul e is t he mo n o gra m
ly s o uv en

of F r ede ri c k V I w hic h s till li n gers o ve r t h e J a i l the ,

Ch urc h a n d t he C o urt Ho us e The C hurc h o rig ina lly .

,

L uth er a n w a s O pen ed fo r se rv i c e by D r C a rey i n 1 805

, .
,

a n d c o n t a i n s a memo ri al t o hi m an d hi s a s s o c i a t es In .

t he c emet ery a re t o m bs O f t he f a c to r s o f t h e B a n s ke
As ia t is ke C o mpa g n i e a n d th ere i s o ne to a
, S k i bs mrri
ta i n in th ei r s erv i c e An E n g li s h s ea c a p t a i n w h o is
.
-

buri ed in t he M i s s i on g r a v ey a rd i n t he pe rs o n o f C o m
ma n der Mea ri n g is w o rthy o f r emem bra n c e fo r h e le ft ,

h a lf a la c i n p ubli c c h a ri t i es .

Dr
’
. C a rey s o ld h o us e is n o w s i x t y feet i n t h e ri ver ,

w hi c h h a s h ere c ut a w a y muc h o f t he ba n k Th e B o t a nic .

G a rd en es t a bli s h ed by h i m i n 1 800 c on t a i n ed in i t s p a lmy

, , .

d a y s s o me
, s pec i men s o f pl a n t s a n d c o v e red s i x a cres

o f g ro un d I t is n o w j ung l e a n d t he I n di a J ute M i ll c o vers

.

p a rt o f t he s i t e I t is c uri o us t o n o te th a t t h e t w o g rea t
.

B o t a n i s t s W a lli c h a n d V o i gt w ere D an i s h s ub j ec t s a nd
, ,

bo t h S urgeo n s a t S er a m po re N a t h a n i el W a ll i c h w a s o ri
.

i l l J m d N h W l ff Hi s w i f e d ied at
’

g n a y a ew n a , e a t a n o .

Ser a m po r e i n th e y ea r o f h er ma rri a g e a ged 1 4 V o igt

, .

ma rri ed R a c h el M a r s h ma n d a ughte r o f t he fa m o us m is
,

s io n a ry . A n o th e r d a ug hte r bec a me L a dy H a v el o c k w ife ,

O f t h e h ero o f L uc k no w w ho w a s n o t o n ly ma rri ed but

,

ba pti z ed h ere .

Ti me w as w hen S er a mpo re w a s mo s t po pul a r w i t h C3 1

cu tt a res id en t s a s a h o lid a y r es o rt , a n d gen er a tio ns O f t he
“
l a di es a n d g en t l emen o f Fo rt W illi a m pa t r o n i sed
P a rr s D en ma rk Ta v ern a f t e r w a rd s ta ken o v er by
’

J o h n N i c ho l ] l a te O f the H a r moni c
,
a n d fo rmerly

s te w a rd t o S i r E lij a h Impey The D a n i s h s e tt l ement

.
 C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .
L

Ho w rah w a te r w o rks a n d Aldeen H o us e is s ti ll

, us ed as a

res id en c e by th e eng i n eer s .

Aft er Ser a mpo r e the n ex t s po t th a t w ill en g a g e our

t i is Ch an d er n ag o re I t is t he s o l e s urv i v o r o f the
a t en t o n .

fo reig n s et tle me n t s o n t he H oo ghly a nd t h e tri p up the ,

ri ver is w ell w o rth ta ki n g i f o n ly t o s ee thi s li ttl e p i ece o f

Fr a n c e in I n di a The h ero o f Ch a n de r n a go re i s D up lei x
. .

His bus t ( by F ag e] o f P a ri s ) a d o r n s t h e p ubl i c g a rde ns ,

a n d bo t h t he c o ll eg e a n d t h e pr et t y pr o men a de o n t he

ri v er ba n k bea r h is n a me His fo rt une s w ere i n d eed .

i n s epa r a bly bo un d up w ith t h os e o f t he ci ty o f s a n da l

w oo d .
”
W h en he c a me t o i t a s I n t en d a n t o r Go v ern or
in 1 7 31 t h e pl ac e w a s fo rl o rn a n d l a ng ui s hi n g
,
D uri ng .

h is t e n y ea r s s tew a rd s hip i t s t ra d e g rew s uch

’
to
,

a n ex te n t a s t o q ui t e o ut s t rip t h a t o f mes s i e urs les

red mull et s h e c a lled

“
a n g l o is a t C a l c ut t a Th e . as ,

h is s hip s w e re k n o w n a s fa r a fie ld a s M oc h a B us s o ra
, , ,

J edd o a n d Chi n a a n d h is emi s s a ri es ev en ma de a t t empt s

, ,

to t a p di s t a n t Ti bet S uc h w a s t he re s urrec ti o n of Ch a n der

.

n a go r e t h a t w h en h e l eft it in 1 7 41 t o be Gov ern o r of

,

P o n di c h erry it w a s t he mo s t fl o uri s hi ng s ett l eme n t in

,

B en ga l w i t h bri c k h o us es a n d a po pul a tio n w h i c h a

d ec a d e l a te r h ad ri se n t o The p res en t c h urc h
c o ve r s t he s i t e o f t h e O ld er E li se de St L o ui s w h e r e he
g .
,

ma rri ed h is w i fe J ea n n e t he f a mo us J o a n n a Beg um from

, ,

w h o m h e l ea r n t t h e t o n g ues a n d t he t a le n t s o f O ri en ta l

d ipl o ma c y The v i s i t o r c a n s till t ur n up t he O ld regi st ers

.
,

a n d fi n d fo r hi m s elf t h e o ri i n a l a c t e de ma rri a e I f he
g g .

l oo k s o v er t he c h urc h h e w ill n o t i c e in t he po rc h a t a blet

co m me mo r a ti n Cl d M r i l f R
’

g a u e a t n s eg y
a c O u p ees
 UP AN D D O W N THE R IV E R .

t o t he poo r Of t he t ow n a n d th e s ec ond s treet o f Ch a n d er

,

n a o re pe rpet ua tes t he n a me O f i t s ben ef a c t o r A l es s

g .

k n o w n s o ldi er o f fo rt un e i s c a ll ed t o m i n d by a p a v emen t

g r a v e i n t h e s a m e c h u r c h c l o i s t e r t o t h e m e m o r y o f J e a n

H en ri Pi r o n w ho s uc c eed ed R a y mo n d in t he c o mma n d O f
t he N i z a m s F re n c h c o n ti n g en t Bo rn a t H un i n gue (i n
’
.

A l s a c e) in 1 7 63 he died in 1 807 a t Gy ret t y in a c oun try h o us e

k no w n a s t he J a rdi n de l am i t i e Gy ret t y t o da y is but a
’
.
-

h ea p O f c r umbli n g s t o n es l o s t in j un gl e The t r a v ell er w ho .

b r a v es t h e di s c o m fo r t s O f a dri v e t o th e r ui n s is r emi n d ed
O f S a l a r J un g s j o ur n ey t o t he b a t t l e fi el d o f M a r a t h o n
’
-

”
t en h o urs in t he d us t t o s ee a mo un d o f m ud . B ut
ti me w a s w h en t hi s w a s t he fi n es t buildi n g o f it s ki n d in
In di a a n d w he n it s n o bl e s t a i rc a s e a n d s p a c ious s a l oo n w i th
,

c eili n g a n d c o rn i c e p a i n t ed by the h a n d o f a ma s t er ,

w ere t h o ug ht t o ri v a l t he s pl en d o ur o f t h e p ubli c ro o ms

a t V er s a ill es . Th e p a l my d a y s o f Gy ret ty H o us e c o i n c id ed
w i t h t he Go ve r n o r s hi p o f M o n s i eur Ch ev a li er (
,
1 7 69 t o

1 787 ) ui u t i t t r W rr H t i l " m i
q s o e n a c o n e a e n a s n g s o n

o te n t pr o c o n s ul a n g l a i s un e la t te d e plum e v é ri t a bl emen t
p
h éro iq ue . In t hi s h o us e 1 20 ye a r s a g o w er e a s s embl ed
, ,

a ll t h e bea ut y a n d f a s hi o n O f Chi n s ur a h Ch a n d er n a go re
, ,

Sera mpo re a n d C a l c utt a . O n s uc h oc c a s i o n s t he a v en ue

w a s bl oc k ed by h un dr ed s o f t h e ga y es t e q uip a g es W a rr en .

H a s t i n gs a n d F r a n c i s a n d Cl a v eri n g w ere a l w a y s g l a d t o
la y a s id e fo r a fe w h o ur s t he q ua rr el s o f t he p o r t fo li o a n d
S peed in t h eir g r een p a i n t ed b udge r o w s up t h e ri v er t o

a
p y a v i s i t t o t h e g l o ri o u s v ill a o f t h e i r P a ri s i a n n e ig h b o u r.

H er e i t w as t h a t o n e o f J o h n C o mp a n y s s erv a n t s fell i n ’

lov e w i t h a ma id en o f Ch a n de r n a go r e w ho w a s d es t i n ed
,
1 004 CA C L U TTA O L D AN D N E W .

t o bea r t he p al m fo r bea uty n o t on ly by th e G an g es b ut by

t h e S ei ne . As D uple i x h ero is t he o f Ch a n d ern a g o re s o

C a th eri n e N o el W e rleé i s it s h er o i ne H ere in 1 7 7 7 s ix .

,

w a s ma rri ed a t t h e un c a n o n i cal h o ur O f 1 A m to Mr . .

Geo rg e F r a n co i s G r a n d a n E n g li s h Ci v ili a n O f S w i s s
,

ex tr a c ti o n Her fa t h er Pi erre VV erleé w ho s e s ign a t ure

.
, ,

o ft en fig ure s i n t h e ol d ba p t i s ma l bo o ks o f th e p a ri s h w as ,

a s ea f a ri n g B r et o n
-
w h o c a me t o I n di a in h i s y o ut h .

Be f o r e h e w a s t w en t y h e w a s pil o tin da Ga ug e a po s t o f ,

ev en mo r e i m po r t a n c e t h en w i t h t h e F ren c h th an w i t h t he

E n g li s h . He r a pidly nos e t o be m a s t er p il o t a n d d ied

h ere i n 1 7 86 a t t h e a ge o f 65 C a p it a i n e d u Po rt a n d ,

Chev a li er O f t he O rd er o f St Lo uis Hi c k ey i mmo rt a li ses

. .

h i m i n a n oc c a s i o n a l n o t e t h a t V erl et t he F ren c h p i l ot ,
”
s t ill rema i n s q ui et a t h is s t a ti on a t B al a s o re He .

w a s t w i c e m a rri ed fi r s t ly a t Ch a n d e r n a g o r e i n 1 7 44
, ,

t o M a rg ueri t e de S i l v a w h o l eft h i m a w id o w e r
, a nd ,

s ec o n dly i n 1 7 58 w h en Lie ut en a n t du P o r t a t P o n di
, ,

c h erry , t o L a uren c e A lleig n e w h os e f a th er w a s ma s t er

,

a r mo ure r of t h e F r en c h C o m p a n y Th ei r d a ug h t er.
,

t he fa i r C a t h eri n e c ett e r a re e t
, n o n c h al a nt e bea uté
”
i n di en n e w a s bo rn in 1 762 Tr an q ueba r o f th e D a n es is
, .
,

t r a di t i o n a lly c r edi t ed w i t h bei n g h er bi rth pl a c e : but h ere,

a t Ch a n d ern a g o r e w er e S en t h er ea rly y ea rs a n d g i r l ho o d
p
, .

The ra mble r a mo n g t he t o mbs i n t he O l d F ren c h c eme

fe ry ma y s t ill li g h t up o n th e li t tl e mo rt ua ry c h a pel o f her

fa m ily i n s c ri bed w i t h t he n a me W erleé ”

.

I t is di ffic ul t es pec i a lly i n thes e d a y s o f th e en ten t e c o a

,

d ia le to r eg ret tha t t h e r el a t i o n s o f pri v a te fri en d s hip w h ic h

e x i s te d bet w een s o ma n y i n di v id ua l s o f bo th n a ti o n s could
 1 006 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

en d i i t o r a n d t he H o t el de F ra n c e ( fo rm erly the
v s ,

Thi s tle is gene ra lly f ull fo r t he 1 4th o f J uly It i s s a id .

t h a t th e s t r eet s w ere n ev er s o c ro w d ed w i th c hea p t ri p pers

as o n t he o cc a s i o n O f a p ubli c ex ec uti on by gui ll o t i n e n o w ,

h a pp ily a thi n g O f th e p a s t .

The o ld D ut c h t t l emen t o f Chi n s ur a h is w i t h i n t h ree

se

m il es o f Ch a n d er na go re .It w a s ex c h a n ged in 1 824 fo r

S uma tr a ( t h en k n o w n a s Ben coo l en ) a n d t he F o rt an d
,

G o ve r n me n t H o us e w er e s oo n a ft er d emo li s h ed t o ma k e
ro o m fo r E ngl i s h ba rr a c k s O f t he gl o ri es O f t he D ut c h
o c c up a t i o n w e h a ve a li vely pi c t ure in t h e p a g es o f
St a v o rin us ( 1 769) a n d o f L a uren t Ga r ci n F a S w is s
,

S urgeo n i n t he D utc h s e rv i c e w h o d ec l a re s t h a t

th er e w ere n o w h ere s uc h fi ne ho us es in I n di a I t is s a d .

t o c o mp a re t h es e a c c o un t s w ith M rs Fen t o n s d es c ri p t i on
’
.

O f t h e pl a c e a s i t s t oo d i n 1 827 w hen fi r s t t urn ed i n t o

,

a d ep 6 t fo r B ri t i s h s epo y s This l a dy w ho w as t h e w ife

.
,

o f a C o mp a n y s O ffi c e r , S p ea k s o f the o ld D utc h q ua rt er a s
’

a lr ea dy a ci t y O f s il enc e a n d dec a y E a rly in t h e s ev en

.

t i es t he t r oo p s w e r e r emo v ed a n d th e o ld ba rr ac k s a re n o w

a c ut c h erry All t h a t rema i n s o f Fo rt G us t a v us i s a s la b

.
‘

l yi ng i n t he C o mmi s s i o n er s h o us e i n s c ri bed w i t h t he fa mi
’

li a r mon og ra m a n d t h e a n n o d o mi n i 1 68 7 An .

ea rli e r d a t e s t o n e o f 1 6 56 w hi c h S t a v o rin us s a w o v e r t he
,

l a n d g a t e ha s di s a ppea red Th e v i s i t o r w ho l oo ks i n t o t he
,
.

q ua i n t o ld c h urc h w ill be i n t eres t ed i n t he lozeng e s h a ped -

h a t c h men t s w hi c h h a ng o n t he w a lls a l mos t t oo h ig h t o be

,

e a s ily r ea d .Th ey a re f o urteen in n umber s even o n ei t her ,

s id e . S eve ra l o f t h em c o m memo ra t e Go ve r n o r s ; F r a n c ois

d e Has e N i c h o l a s B a n k es M a rti n H uy s ma n
 U P AN D D O WN r m; RIV ER . 1 007

Pi et er v a n D i s h oek Geo rge L o ui s V ernet

a n d Pie t er B rue s
y o n c e G r a n d M a s t e r o f
t he M a so n i c Lo d ge C o n c o rdi a Gov er n o r V er n et w ho
.
,

w a s ki n s ma n t o t he f a mo us F r en c h p a i n t er o f th a t n a me ,

h a d been i n h i s y o ut h p a g e t o Lo ui s X V a n d des erves

t o be r emembe red fo r h is ki n d n es s t o t he E ng li s h ref ugees

in 1 756 w h en S ec o n d o f t he D ut c h F a c t o ry a t C a lca po re
, .

The Chi n s ur a h c h urc h w as built by h im i n 1 7 67 a d m ai o

”
rem D ei g l o ri a m a s is i n s c ri be d o n a med a lli on o v er t he
,

ea s t d oo r ; a n d in t h e ve s t ry i s a n o ld s t o n e ta ken fr o m

t he f a ll en c l oc k t o w e r g e b o w d d oo r J A S c h i t e rm a
. n .

R a a d E x t ra o rdi n a r v a n N ed erl a n d s I n di a a n D i rec t eur

diser Ben g a al s e D i rec t ie

An O lde r c h urc h a t Chi n s urah i s t h a t o f the Ar men i a n s

fo un d ed in 1 695 by t he br o th ers Ma rga r w h o s e fa th er ,

”
Co j a J oh a n n es w a s fro m J ulfa in t he co un try o f S h o s h
-
.

Hi s ep i t a ph d es c ri bes h im a s a c o n s id er a bl e me rc h an t

ho n o ured w i th t he fa v o urs o f Ki n g s a n d V i c er oy s : he ha d
tr a v ell ed no r t h ea s t s o uth a n d w es t a n d r es t s here i n a
, , ,
”
fo rei gn l a n d s eeki n g his h o me A g rea t A r men ia n
.

pilg ri mag e t a kes pl a c e ev ery y ea r t o t hi s s a n c t ua ry o n the

Sai n t s da y o f S t J o h n t h e B a pti s t to w h o m t he edi fi c e i s
’
.

dedi c a t ed .

The O ld D utc h a nd A rm en i a n cemet e

ri es ma y c l a i m a
pa s s i ng n o ti c e In t he fo r mer a re buri ed t w o ma rrie d
.

d a ughte rs o f Ch a rl es W es to n w ho li v ed a t C hi n s ura h in
,

th e 1 7 80 s a n d o n t h e fi r s t o f ea c h mo n t h w a s w o n t t o dis
’
,

tri but e t he eq uiv a l en t o f a h un dred p o un d s t o t he p oo r .

M an y o f t he t o mbs a re th o se o f D ut c h o ffi c i a l s a n d o ne ,

t o G r eg o ry Herkl o t s F i s ca l O f Chi n s ur a h w ho res i ded

, ,
1 008 C A C U TTA O L D AN D N E W .
L

t h er e 63 yea rs a n d di ed in 1 852 aged 84 ( l ea vi n g , 81

des c en da n t s s pea k s w el l fo r t he s a l ubrit y o f t he p la c e .

To t he so u th Ch urc h is Hoog hly C o ll ege

of V e rn et
’
s ,

loca t ed in a fi n e buildi ng w hi c h o rigi n a lly bel o n g e d to

,

the F r en c h G ene r a l P erron o f M a hra tt a fa me Am o n g .

th e e a rly pri n c i p al s O f t he C o ll eg e w ere J a m es S ut h e rl a n d ,

o f the Benga l Ha rka ru C a pt ai n D L R i c h a rds on

, . .
,

w el l k n o w n in t he a n n a l s o f C a l c utt a lit era t ure a n d J a mes ,

E s d a ile t he mes meri s t

,
.

H o oghly a mil e o r tw o beyo n d Chi n s ura h i s fa m o us fo r

, ,

i t s M os q ue The a c tual build er Of t h e I ma mba ra h a s it is

.
,

c a lled ,
w a s K ara ma t Al i t he fri en d a n d co mp a n i o n o f
,

Bo kh a r a Co n no lly : but bo th the I ma mba ra h a n d t he

M uha ma dan s emin a ry a tt a c h ed o w e their s pl en d o ur to
Ha ji M uh a m ma d M uh s i n , w ho dyi n g a t H oo g hly in t he
M ukba ra ga rd en in 1 81 2 beq uea th ed a v a s t fo rt un e for
,

th ei r up k eep As in the c a s e o f La Ma rti n i ere the leg a cy

-
.

w a s in liti g a ti o n fo r y ea rs , a n d by 1 836 w h en t h e ma t t er ,

w a s fi n a lly set tl ed t he ac c umul a ti on s h a d r ea d i ed

, an

i mme n s e fig ure The g r a n d q ua dra n g l e i s w ell w o rth

.

s eei n g a n d t h e w a l l s O f t he h al l a n d po rti co a re c uri o us ly

,

o r n a men t ed w ith ve r s es f ro m t he Ko ra n i n g ig a n ti c
c h a r a c t ers .

I mmedi a t ely a bove H oogh ly is Ba n d el n ow a l oca li ty ,

d ev o id o f E uro p ea n r esi den ts Ti me w a s w h en it w a s t he

‘
.

Ba i a e o f C al c utt a , a n d n o pl a c e c oul d v ie w i th i t in po p u
la rit y. O ur fo refa th ers k n ew by h ea rt t he rh ymes fro m
t he P oet s c o r n er o f a n o ld Ca lc ut ta Ga zet te
’
en di ng , ,

E a c h o th er pl a c e is hot a s he ll W h en b reez es fan ou a t

y ,

"
B a n d el Ha d I t en h o us es a ll I d s el l And li v e en ti rel a t
, , y ,
1 01 0 C A C U TTA O LD AN D N E W .
L

a la dy t
c en en a r a n n a i med Bo urrilhon , w ho di ed i n 1 881 .

Every N o v ember th e c h urc h is t hronged w it h p i lg rims

d uring the N o ven a of N o t re D a me de Bo n V oy a g e .

B a n d el w ill termi n a t e o ur iti n er a ry up t he riv er m uch ,

a s B run dus i um di d th a t O f H o r a ce Ho w o ur fo re f a t hers.

en j o y ed s uc h a n ex c ur s i on s ev en t y y ea rs ag o ma y b e read

in t he d eli ght f ul poem O f M r S im ms by Hen ry Me re

.

di t h P a rk er O f t he Ben ga l Ci v il Serv i c e ;
,

An d ev e ry D oo rg a Poo j a h w o uld goo d M r S i mm s

.

The fa mo us ri ver Hoogly up a s hi gh as B a rra c kp o re ,

And v i s it t he men ag eri e, a n d in his pleas a n t w a y ,

Dec l a re th a t a ll t he bea r s w er e bo r es —Al a s a n d ,

Th en if t h e w ea t h er it w as fi n e t o Ch in s ura he d go
,
’

W i th h is i
n ec es three in a pi n n a c e a n d a s ma rt y o un g
,

ma n o r s o,

In bri gh t bl ue co a s a n d w a i s co a s , w
t t t h ic h w ere

Sp a rkli ng a s t he da y,
An d cu rly h ai r , and w hite kid g l ov es , a l ove r l i k e a rra y ;

An d at Chi n s ura , t h ey w al k ed a bo ut a n d th en t he y

w en t t o t ell ,

W i th t h e a n ti en t merc h a n t V a n der Z a n k , a nd th e

w i dow V an der Z ee,

They w er e O ld fri en d s of M r Si mms ,

. a nd pa rti ng he
w o uld sa y,

P erc h a n c e w e ne e
’
r ma y meet a g a in . -
Al a s , a nd

w ell- a -da y !

Th o s e w i s hi n g fo r a pl ea s a n t t ri p d o w n t he Hoog h ly in
 UP AN D D O WN THE R IV ER .

t h e O p po s i te dir ec ti o n ma y a v ai l t he ms el ves o f the o p po r

t un iti es o ff e red by t he C al c utt a S t ea m N a v i ga t i o n C o m

p y
a n ,
w h o s e s t ea me r s py l d a i ly f r o m A rm en i a n G h a t to

U lluba ria ,
w h ere co mmenc es t he High Level c a n a l t o

M i dn a po r e . O n o ur w a y w e p a s s t he rui n s o f th e K i n g
o f O udh s p al a c e no w a fl o uri s hi n g b ri c k w o r ks , a n d th e
’
-
,

mills a n d fa c t o ri es o f B udge B udge -

M uc h w a t er h as
.

p a s sed u n d e r t he H o w r a h B rid g e s,
i n ce t h e F o rt w a s

c a ptured fro m S ur a j ud D o ul a b b
- -
y Cli v e a n d W a ts o n.

M iles a w a y fl ow s o n t he ri v er p a s t Fulta w hi ch s h el tered ,

o ur re fugees a n d D i a mo n d Ha rbo ur l o n g t he an c ho ra ge
, ,

r o un d a bo v e w hi c h E a s t I n di a me n w o uld n o t a s cen d t o
g ,

S a ugo r I s l a n d a n d th e S an dhe a ds f ro m t he s ighti ng o f

,

w h ic h Beng a l c i v ili a n s us ed t o d a t e t h ei r a p po i n tmen ts .

Th e p il ot s a h i bs c r u i s i n g h ere i n th e i r b r ig k n o w e v e ry
in ch O f th e ea s te rn c h an n el a n d ca n tel l fea rso me ta l es o f
t he w rec k o f th e Ang li a a n d O f the d rea d ed J a mes a n d Ma ry

sh oa l a t t h e j unc t i o n o f t he Hoog hl d R
y an o o p n a ra y a n

rivers , w h er e ma ny a fi n e s h i p h as met dis a s t er .

O ur ta s k i s n ow ov e r, an d we bid o ur rea ders au

revoir.
is 0 9 m m .

Chun der ( Bhol an a th ) Tra vel s o f a Hin doo .

Co mpen dious E c c l esi a sti ca l an d Hi sto ri ca l Sket ch es of Benga l

Cotton ( H E A ) The C en tury in In dia ,

. . .

C ra w f ord, Lt -Col D G .B rief His tory . . . of t he Hooghly

D i stri c t,
D o l y ( Si r Cha rl es , a nd Wi l l i a mson ( T ) Th e E uropean
’

y .

t n I n di a

D e R osa ri o ( M ) The Comp let e M on umen ta l Regis ter

.

D evi l l e ( Ca pt F ) L ettres sur l e Ben ga l e, écrrtes d es ba rd s da

. .

G a n ge
D ey ( S C ) Hoogh l P a st an d P res en t
y
. .

E a rth q uak e i n B en ga an d Assa m o f J une 12, 1896 ( R ep ri nt ed .

”
f rom the E n gl i shman ,
E a s tw ic k ( E B ) M urra y s Han d-book to th e B enga l P res i dency
’
. .

E d en , Hon E mi l . Let ters f ro m In di a

F a y ( M rs E ) . rigin a l Le tt ers f rom I n di a
.

Fen ton ( Mrs ) J ourna l of 1 827 -8

.

Fi rmi n ger ( R ev W K. ) Th a cker s Gui de t o C a l c utt a

’
. .

G raha m ( M a ri a ) J ourn a l o f a R esi den ce in In di g 1 81 2 ( With

. .

vi ew s ) .

G ra n dp re ( L de) . V oyage i n I n di an O cea n a n d t o B

.
(1M
( V i ew a n d Pl a n o f Fort Wi l li a m an d o f the B a c k Hol e
M onumen t) .

G ra n t ( C o l es w ort hy) An An gl o- I n d ia n D omes t ic S ke tc h ( M L

.

I l l ustra t ed .

G ri er ( S ydn ey C ) L ike an other Hel en . .

G ri er ( S ydn e y C ) The Grea t P roc ons ul ( Ca l c utt a t emp : Wa rren

.

Ha st ings ) .

Ha rtl y House
Ha rt ( R ev W H ) Ol d C a l c utta : I ts P l a ces a n d P eo pl e
. . . e m
y rs
ea ago
‘
Ha w kesw o rth ( J ) The E a s t I nd ian Chron ol ogi st
.

Hedges ( Si r W ) D i a 1 681 1 687 1 887

. ( Ha kl uy t So c iety) - .

Hi l l , ( 8 C ) L i st o f
. . uropea ns in en ga l in 1 756 ( I N ) .

Ho l mes a n d Co The B en ga l Obitua ry .

Hol w ell ( J ohn Z eph a ni ah ) I n dia Tra cts ( cu t s .

o f th e B l a ck Ho l e t ra gedy ) 1 774 . .

Hun t er ( Si r W W ) I mperia l Ga zetteer o f I n dia , 1 885-87

. .
(V ol . .

I I I f or C a l c ut ta , oth ers V ols f o r p l a ces in i ts vi c in i ty ) . .

Hun t er ( S i r W W ) The Th a ck era ys i n In di a

. .

Hyde ( R ev H B ) The P a ri sh o f B e nga l ,

. . .

Ha mi l ton ( C a pt A l ex a n der) : A n ew a ccount o f the E a s t In dies

.

bein g th e obs erva t ion s a n d rema rks o f Ca pt A Ha mi l t on w ho . .

res i ded i n th os e p a rts f rom the yea r 1 688 to 1 723 .

Hy de ( R ev H B ) P a roch ia l an na l s o f B en ga l
. . .

I n d i a n R evi ew ”
V o l V I I , 1 886 Arti c l e by J . .

N o! i n I mperia l Library .
 ’ 0 0

APP EN D I X

J m
ols on ( G W ) . . Th e St ran ger in In di a ; or Three yea rs in C a l

Ka ye ( Si r J ohn Wil l ia m) . P eregrin e P ul ten y or Li f e in I n di a

Ki n ders le ( M rs ) L et t ers f
. rom the E a st In di es
Ki p l ing udy a rd) The C it o f D rea d f ul N i ght
y .

L a uri e ( P eter G ) R a mbl es m I n di a , et c

. .

L i f e in C a l c utta , by an ol d Mi l i ta ry Ofi c er : 8 seri es
L i f e in I n d i a , or th e E n gl i sh in Ca lcutta A n ovel .

L i st o f To mbs , S ta tues a n d M on umen ts , B en ga l

Long ( l v J a s ) P eeps in to S oc i a l L i f e in C a l cutta a c en t ury a go
ég
. . .

(1s
Lon g ( Rev J as ) Selecti ons f rom un publ i shed rec ords o f Govt
. . .

1 748-67 .

L ushi n gt on ( C ) Hi story, et c , o f Cha ri ta bl e In s ti tuti on s in Ca l

. .

c utt s I l l ustra t ed .

M ackin tosh ( Wi l l ia m ) Tra cts in E uro pe, As ia an d Af ri ca , desc rib

i n g c ha ra ct ers, c us t oms , ma nn ers, l a w s, an d producti on s of
na ture a n d a rt : con ta in i n g va ri ous rema rks on the o l i t i ca l
p
a n d commerc i a l i n t eres t o f G rea t B rita i n : an d d el i nea ti n g
i n pa rt i c ul a r a n ew s ys tem f or th e govern men t an d i mp rove
men t of the B ri t is h sett l emen ts in the E a st I n di es B an in th e .

y ea r 1 777 a n d fi n i sh ed in 1 781 2 v o ls L o n don 1 .

J R ) N otes on the M edica l Topogra phy of Ca lcutta

. .

Mi tch el l ( E dmun d ) G ui de to C a l cut ta .

N a uf rag us ( M ofi a t J a mes Hom e ) Th e A dven tures o f .

N ew man a n d C o Ha n d-Boo k to C a l cutt a

.

P a rker ( H M ) Bol e P o n j i s
. . C on ta i n s an ex cell en t po em
o n th e A dj utan t B i rd .

P ri c e ( C a pta i n ) Obs erva ti on s

’
R a in ey ( H J ) Hi st ori ca l a n d Topo gra phi ca l Sketch o f Ca l c utt a ,
. .

”
“
E l i sh man P ress
R a in ey H J ) A rt i c l es i n va rious n ew s p a pers
. . .

R a y ( A K ) Short Hi sto
. . o f Ca l c utt a ( 1 902) ( C en s us R epo rt ,

V ol V I I ) M a ps a n d . Inn s .

R i cha rdson ( D L ) H i s tory o f the F a l l o f t he old Fo rt o f C a l

. .

c ut ts a n d th e C a l a mi ty o f th e B l a ck Ho l e ( c en t enn i a l ) 1 855 .

R oberts ( E mma ) Sce n es a n d C ha ra c t eri st ics o f Hi n dust an

.

S immon s (W J ) a n d B el l ( J W
. . M un i c ipa l govern men t i n
. .

West a n d E as t G l a sgow an d C a l cutta

Sta rk ( H A ) an d M a dge ( E W ) E a st I n dia n Worthi es
. . . . .

S tew a rt ( Ch a rl es) Hi sto ry o f Ben ga l .

S ter i e ( R C ) Histo n ca l a c coun t o f the C al cutta Coll ec tora te

pig
. .

s)
Sto cquel er ( J H ) Ha n d-book o f B ri t i sh I n di a
. .

St ron ( F P ) Topogra phy o f C a l c i ut a

. .

Treve ya n ( Si r George, B art ) The C ompeti tion -w a ll ah .

N ot i n I mperi a l L ibra ry .
iv a p p en mx .

V a l en ti a ( Lo r d ) V o a
y g e s an d . Tra vel s to I n d i a , et c , 1 . m
I l l ustrat ed .

Wheel er ( J Ta l bo E a rl R ecords o f B ri ti sh I n dia

?
.

W i l son ( C . R ) a rl
y a n
. n a s o f t he E n l i sh in B en ga l ,
g
Wi l son ( C R ) L i st o f In s cript ions on Tombs or M on um en ts in
. .

Ben ga l
Wi l son ( C R ) D es c ri pt ive ca ta l ogue o f th e pa in tin gs , etc , in the
. . .

rooms o f the A s ia t i c Soc i et y o f B en ga l ( 1

Wil son ( C R ) O l d F ort Wi l l iam an d the B l a ck Hol e ( 1 90-L )
. .

II .

V I E WS A N D P O R TRAI TS .

Ba i l li e (W ) 12 Co loured vi ews o f C a l cutta

.

C a l cutta I l l ust ra t ed 30 phot o-reprod uct i on s .

( Th ac k e r ) . .

“
Conn o r ( E n sign J a mes , 1 7 th B a t t S epoys ) V iew s : ( H i n d o o c ere . .

mon y o f Huson Ha w son ; C a l c utta nea r th e O l d F o rt , M a rch

30, 1 784)
D a n i el l ( T ) 1 0 C o l oured vi ew s o f C a l cutt a ( 1 786
.

D an i el l ( T ) a n d . O ri en t a l Sc en ery in Hin dus ta n 3 V ol s , .

1 795, et c ( V o l I .co n ta i n s 6 co l o u.r e d v i e w s o f C a l c utt a ) .

D Oyl y ( S i r C ) V i ew s o f C a l c utta
’
.

F raser ( J B ) Tw en ty f our V i ew s o f C a l cutt a

—
. .

G l i mps es o f I n di a ( 1 90 4 se v er a l v.i ews ) .

G ran t ( C o l esw o rth L ith o sket ch es o f publ ic cha ra c t ers o f Ca l

cu tts ( 1 838
G reen e ( C a pt D S ) V i ew s in I n di a t a ken duri ng the M uti ny
. . .

1 859 (
. C on t a in s 2 c o l o u r e d v i ew s o f C a l c ut ta ) .

Ho d es ( Wm , R A ) S el ec t V iew s in I n di a
. . .

”
In Ch a ri v a ri The N ew Series , 1 877, etc , con ta in ed po rtra its
. .

o f C a l c ut ta c el eb ri t ies .

J ump ( C a pt R ) V i ew s in C a lcutta
. .

R o ut e o f th e Overla n d M a i l to I n di a ( C onta in s vi ew s o f Cl i
cut t a ) .

S a l t ( H ) 24 v i ews in I n di a , etc ,
.
( Con ta in s on e v i ew of .

C a l c ut ta ) .

Sol tykofi ( P rin c e A ) I n di a n sc en es a n d ch a ra c t ers . One

i f P )
‘

p c t ure o D u r g a u a h i n N eu tt a .

V a n derguch t ( G ) F ort i l l i a m a t Ben ga l pri nte d an d delin ea t ed

.

by L a mbert an d S cott
V i ew o f the F ort W i l l ia m in the K in gdom o f B en ga l
Woo d ( Wi l l ia m, J un) P a n ora mi c v iews o f Ca lcutta .

II I .

M A P S AN D P LA N S .

Surveyor-Genera l s
’
C a lc utta s urveyed durin g t he yea rs 1 887 -94 .

O fli ce . 9 Sheets .

N ot i n I mperi a l L i bra ry .
vi APP E N D IX .

South vi ew of the Cetmcil -House an d Go vern men t - H o us e, Ca l

cutts .

V i ew o f Tan k Squa re, Ca l cutt a , f rom the Ea s t .

M il i ta ry O rphan School , Opposi te Cal cutt a , f or th e chil d ren a t

p ri v a te so l d i ers .
South-E a s t view o f the N ew Church a t Ca l cut t a .

Gen era l vi ew of Ca l cu t ta , ta ken n ea r the s l ui ce o f Fort

Wi l l i a m .

South -West vi ew of Fort Wil li am .

N o rth vi ew o f the Wa ter G a te an d R oya l B a rra c k s , Fort

W il l ia m .

South vi ew of C a l cutt a , ta ken n ea r th e G l a c i s o f Fort

Wi ll i a m .

N orth -E a st view o f the M i l ita ry O rphan Hous e , n ea r

c ut t a , f or the chi ld ren o f Ofi cers.
V i ew o f th e Ea s t s id e of Ta n k Sq ua re, Ca l c utt a .

Li st o f Gov ern ors- Gen eral of I n di a , Govern ors an d

Li eut ena nt - Govern ors of B engal , in

c hronol ogi cal ord e
r .

G O V E R N O R S -G E N E RAL OF F OR T WI LL IA M
IN B E N GAL .

Mr. Wa rren Hasti ngs

Si r J ohn M a cpherson , B a rt .

E a rl Corn w a lli s, K G .

S i r J ohn Sho re, B a rt .

.

L i eut - G en era l Si r Al ured C l a rk, E C B

. . . .

Th e E a rl o f M o ra in on ( M a rq uess Well es l ey )
The M a rq uis C om w a l is , K G , (2n d time) . .

S i r George Hi la ro B a rl ow , B a rt .

L o rd M i n to
The Ea rl o f M oi ra ( M a rquis o f Ha s tin gs)
-

M r J ohn Ada m
.

L ord Amh ers t

M r Wi l l i a m B utt erworth B a y ley
.

G OV E R N OR S-GE N E RAL OF IN D IA .

L ord Wi l l i a m
B en ti n ck Omven d i sh
Si r Cha rl es M etca l f e, B a rt. , G C B . . .

L ord A uckl a n d, G C B . . .

Lord E l len borou

M r Wi l l i a m Wil
. orce Bird
L ord Ha rd i n ge, G C B . . .

Th e E a rl o f D a lhous ie, K T . .

V i sco un t C a n n in g
 AP P E N D I X . V II

V I C E R OY S AN D G O V ER N O R S-GEN E RAL .

E arl Ca nn i n g 1 858-62
The E a rl o f E l gi n an d Kin ca rdin e, K T. . 1 862
M a j or-Gen era l S i r Robert Corne lis N a p ier, K C B . . . 1 868
C ol on el Sir W il lia m Thoma s D eni son , K C B . . . 1 863-64
S i r J ohn L a i rd M ai r La wren ce, B a rt . 1 864-69
The E a rl o f M a yo , K P . . 1 869
S i r J ohn St ra che KCSI
M
. . . . 1 87 2
L ord N a pi er o f erchis t oun
, K T . . 1 872
L ord N orthbrook 1 872-76
Lo rd L y tton , G C B . . 1 876-80
Th e M a rq ui s o f R i pon , K G . . 1 880-84
Th e E a rl o f D ufi erin , K P , G C B G C M G
.

Th e M a rq ui s o f L a n sdo w ne, G C M G .
Th e E a rl o f E l gi n a n d K in ca rdin e
. .

.
.

.
.

.
.

} . . 1 884-88
1 888-94
-99

L o rd C urzon o f Kedl es ton -1 905

Lo rd A mpth i l l
Th e E a rl o f M in to, G C M G
. . . . 1 905

GOV E R N O R S O F BE N GAL .

M r Wi l l ia m Hedges
.

M r Wi lli a m Gyfford
.

Si r Cha rl es E y re
M r J oh n B ea rd
.

M r An thon y Wel t den

.

M r J ohn R ussel l
.

M r R obert Hedges
.

M r Sa muel P eak e
.

Mr
{p
. lan D ea n e
Mr . nr
y F ra n k l a n d
M r E dw a rd St ephen son ( f or
. o ne da y)
Mr
J
. ohn D ea n e
M r ohn S ta c khouse
.

M r Thoma s B ra d dy l l
.

M r J ohn F o rs t er
.

M r W i l l i a m B a rw el l
.

M r A da m D a w so n
.

M r Wi l l ia m Fyt ch e
.

M r R oger D ra ke
.

Co lone l R obert C l ive

Mr hn Z epha n i a h Hol w el l
{p
.

Mr . en ry V a n s i t ta rt
M r J ohn S pen cer
.

L o rd C l ive
Mr Ha rry V erel st
.

J ohn C a rti er
Mr Wa rren Ha s ti ngs
.
 AP P E N D I X .

L I E U TE N A N T-G O V E R N O R S O F B E N G AL .

S i r F rederi ck J a mes Ha l l id a y, K G B . . .

Si r J oh n P et er G ra n t ,
Si r C ec i l B ea don ,
S i r Wi l l i a m G rey,
Si r G eo rge C a mpbel l ,
S ir R ich a rd Temp le, Ba rt , .

The Hon S i r A shl e

. E den , C I E . . .

Si r A ugustus R ivers homp so n , K C S I . . C I E

. . . .

M r H A C ockerel l , C S I ( a c ti n g)
. . . . . .

Si r S teua rt C B a y l ey ,
. C I E. . 1 887
Si r Cha rl es E l l io t ,
Si r A n ton y P a tri c k M a c D on n el l , K C S I ( a cti ng)
. .

Si r Al ex a nd er M a cken z ie,
Si r Cha rl es C ec i l St even s , ( a c t i n g)
Sir ohn Wo odburn , lfi
Si r a mes A ust in B o urdi l lo n , ( a c t in g) 1 902
S i r An drew Hen derson L eith F ra ser, 1 903
 Ba rw e l l , R i cha rd 1 18 , £ 5, 1:
Ba boo G h a t B a rwel l s Hous e, K i d d e r o re
’

p
p
B a c o n , C a t N a th a n i el
. B a t es , Ha rry , S ,
B a c on . J 385, 502. 669, 802 B a t s o n , S t a n l a ke ’l , 317 .
Ba c o n ,
Ba c on , {
in
B a d a mt ol l a h
Sr ) .
387
1 90
B a y l ey Fa mi ly
Ba y l ey J us t i ce H V
,

B a y l ey Si r S t eua rt C
. .

286 ,

B a y l ey , W
.

B a g B a za r S t reet 355-356 B . .

Ba gehot . Wa l te r 409 B a y n e, R R os ke l l .

B a g ot , L
i eut H . . 498, 499 B a za r, Fo rt W i l l i a m
B a g s ha w Co .
905 B a za r, O l d Dhurrum t o l l a h
"
B a i l ey , The 43 B a z a rs
B a i l l i e , Wm . B ea co n s ii c l d , o rd L
Ba i l l i e s Bea d o n , S i r C ec i l
’
V i ew s , 1 794 31 1 , 47
A pp
s . V VI -

Ba i l y’, E H , 744, 807 B ea mes , oh n ,

rL
. . s c. s
. .

Ba kc , i eut E d w a rd. Bea rd , C a s .

B a l a s ore Bea rd , o hn (Sr J . r. )

B a l a so re R oa d s 575 B ea rd ,rs C ha rl es .

B a l c a rres , E a rl o f 30] Bea rd P res i d en t J o

,

B a l l , C en t en a ry . a t G ovt. Ho us e 1 61 Bea uf o rt , F L , 1 c s . . . . . fl .
B a l l Col G eo
. .
Bec he r M rs C h a rl ot te
, .
F a mi ly ,

Ba l l i a G ha t 305 Bec her R i c h a rd

, Q 41
, .
Ba l l y 991 Bec t ura
B a l l y g un g e Begumba ri S a h 1 ba ba g a n
B a l l y K ha l 1 13 Be l a t ec B un ga l o w m

B a n del 1 008- 1 01 0 B el c h a mbers , M r R o be rt i fi

( N ol a ) .
.

B a n d el C hurc h 1 009 1 010 - Be l g a c h i a

B a n e r ec , R P B el l a my , E l i z a
‘

. . 951
B a n ke a za r F o rt B e l l a my , R ev G e rva s 63 , 1 21 IE .

J , .

B a n kes , G o vern o r N 1 006 .

B el l i , o hn
B a n ki m C hun der C h a t t er ee , R a 1 j B e l ve d ere
B a ha d ur 364, 952 Be l vedere 8: A l i o re p
p
B a n k i o re G o l a h o r G ra n a ry 326, 852 B en g a l C l ub
B a n k o f B en g a l 1 32 Be n g a l C l ub Ho use
B a n ks ha l l 1 33, 327 B en g a l p
E uro ea n R e g i me n t , O l d
B a n ks , T ho s , R A . 299 387 , 969
. . B en g a l Hurka ru, T he
B a n s to l l a 859
p
B a t i s t C h a el s p 651 Be n g a l M i l i t a ry C l ub, O l d
B a ra sc t 1 08 Ben g a l N a g o re R a i l w a y
-
p
B a rg es , S t a t e 1 49 B en ga l O bi t ua ry 5G
B a rker, C a p t R obt . .
(M m) , 551 . ssi ,
Ba r L i bra ry , H i gh C ourt 724 727 - B en g a l Ten a n c y Ac t
L
B a r i bra ry , M S N o t es o f Ben g a l ee , N ow ro ec S
’

S bj ee S.
l
ra
m m
. .

C a ses 7 25 726 - B en t i n c k, L a d .
. .
B a rl o w F a mi l 613-6 1 4 Be n t i n c k, Lo r W m . 1 85 . SB . M
B a rl o w , J B.C. s.
B a rl o w , S i r R o bt 61 3 . p
B e rh a m o re , M ut i n y a t H
B a rn a g o re 992 Bet el n ut M o no o l y
-
p
B a rn es , G C , B C S . . . 604
. .
B et hun e, E D J . .

B a rn es . S i r H S . .
Bet h un e N a t i ve Fema l e
Ba rra c k o re p 993 997 Be t o r
p
B a rra c k o re, M ut i n y a t 1 93
’
B e ve rl ey s C en s us R e o rt p
B a rra c ks , C h i n s ura h 1 013 B e x l ey . o rd L
B a rra c ks , F o rt W i l l i a m B ho n s ri S ha h s M os ue a n d T om b, q
’

B a rra s , D i rec t ors 901 902 C h i t p o re

B a rret t o F a mi l y 338 339 , 365, 647 648 993
.
- -
p
B ho a l , Beg um o f
Ba rri s t ers , N a t i ve I n d i a n 784 B how a n i Cha run D ut t s
’
a ne L
B a rrow s Horse Bh ow a n i po re
'

Ba rry M r . Bhurt p o re, M a ha ra j a a s' a n t J

B a rw el l F a mi l y S i n gh o f
B a rw el l , ” B hut a n M emori a l
e
.

B a rw e l l , l i rs E l i za bet h.
J B hut a n Wa r
 IN D E X .

P ac e.

B i b l i o t hec a I n d i ca Bo w Ba z a r S t reet
B i l l i a rd s Bo w ers , M rs M a I
2
.

B i p ra d a s B oy t a c o n n a h 49 350, 357 , 365, -

B i rc h , L
i e ut Y
.
Q M . . . B ra c ken bury , L t L W . . .

Bi rc h, Si r J Ho l w el l
. B ra h mo S o ma j
B i rd a n d C o . B ra ml e , D r M oun t f ord J . .

B i rd , M i s s M a ry B rea C heese Bun ga l ow

B i rd W m W i l berf o rce
, . B rea k f a s t s . P ubl i c 152, 1 53,
D i ri c e T a l a o B ret t , W a l t er
p
B i s h o s C o l l ege
'
B ri d ge , How ra h 990, 1
B i s h op s C o l l eg e, O l d
'
B ri g h t , ohn J
B i s h o p s o f C a l cut t a B ri n d a ba n M ul l i c k s La n e
’

B i s h o p s P a l a ce B ri s t o w , M rs
’
.

B i s h o p s P a l a ce ( O l d) B ri t i sh I n d i a n Ass oc i a t i o n
’

B i s w a n a n th M a t i l a l B ro a d f oot , M a o r j
B i s w a s F a mi l y B roc k , T , .

B l a c ke r, C o l V a l en t i n e
. B ro h i e r, C a p t o hn . J
B l a c k Ho l e B ro ke r s E x c h a n ge
'

B l a c k H o l e a n d O l d Fort B ro me, L o rd
B l a c k Ho l e, Hol w el l s Acco un t B roo ke , W A 872, ( N ot e) ,
’
. .

o f t he B roug h t on , L i eut E W . . .

B l a c k H o l e, S urv i vo rs o f t he 459 46 1 -
B ro ug h t on , L P D el ves . .

B l a c k Ho l e, Women i n t he 451 4 55 B ro w n , C ha s P h i l i , sr c s . p . . .

B l a c k M oun t a i n E x ed i t i on p B ro w n , R ev D 51 9, 574, 634-635 ,

. .

B l a c q ui ere, W C . 1
B l a gg , L i eut . B row n , R ev D r . .

B l e a u, J a co b B ruce , C A . .

B l e c h y n den , M i s s K , C a l c ut t a P a s t. B ruce F a mi l y
a nd P resen t 892 B ruce L t C o l H
, .
-
. .

B l e c hy n den , M rs S a ra h . 57 8 B ruey s . G O V T p . l .

B l o c h ma n n . P ro H . 305, 581 . B ry c e Mr .

B l o mfi e l d , S i r A., 1 .a 4. 625 . B ry ce, R ev D r J a s .642, 643, 645 . .

B l o s se t , S i r R H . 521 522
.
-
B ry do n , D r .

B l un t , S i r C W , a n d F a mi l y
. . 513-515 B uc ha n a n , C a t oh n 56, 64 , p .

B l y t h e s G ha t
'
341 B uch a n a n , R ev C a ud i us .
"
E mp o rmm o f F a s h 1 on 333 B uc ki n g h a m Ho us e
“
B od e l i o s
’
31 0
B o d g ua rd , G ovt G c n l s
’
.
- 272 .
B uc ki n g ha m, J S i l k s, 67 4, . m
m, S i r Ed g a r, 370, 375, 391 , B uc kl a n d s
’
B en g a l un de r t h e
398, 41 1 L i eut en a n t -G o ve rn o rs 223 ( N 0 1
B o e r G un 236 , 867 ,
B o gl e A mba s s a d o r Geo 57 4 B uc kl e s M e mo i rs o f t he Ben g a l
'
.
,

B m gue , Gc n l dc .
A rt i l l ery 55 ( N a
B o i l ea u, Thus . 459 B uc k ra
B o l t o n , M a o r Thos j . B udd ree D a s , R a i B a ha dur
Bo lt s
’
C on s i dera t i on s 351 352. 564 -
B ud d ree D a s Tem l e p
B o l t s La n e
’
351 3 52 B ud g e B ud ge- 447 , 1 1
B o mba y C ouri er 1 304 81 B ul l er. C ha s .

B o mba y G a zet t e B ul l e t , S i r An t ho n y
p
B on a a rt e N a po l eon B ul l e r S i r A rt h ur
W
.

B o n d ed a rehouse B urdet t o hn
, J 64,
B o n fi el d s La n e
'
Burd w a n , M a h a ra a D h i ra of j j
B a n n e r ee, W Cj . B urg ec s , Co r ora l p
B o n o ma l i S a rka r s S t reet Burke , E d mun d 1 08. 381 ,
B o o k s a bout C a l c ut t a B urke, J ohn
L i f e of J ohnson B urma , A n n e x a t i on o f
’
B o swe l l s
G a rden B urma W a r, 1 852
B e n j a mi n Burn Co .

R o bt B urn , R ev T H
R i ch a r
. . .

d
.

S a ra h J
B urn e- on es , S i r E d w d .

S urgeon G a bri el B urn e, S i r O w en T .

B urn es , S i r A l ex .
B a rn es , S i r J a mes
Ba rn ey , F ann y ( M a d a me D Arbl a y )
’
x fi IN D E X .

P AG E .

D1 rn ey , R i c h a rd
B urn i ng G ha t , N i mt o l l a i1 ,
-
B urra ba z a r
Burri n g t on . C o l G eo
B urroug hs , S i r W m ,
B urt o n , C a p t H.
" C a l c ut ta , U n hea l t h i n es s o f
344 , 361 , 982 C a l c ut t a V o l un teer G ua rd s 19 8, 3 1
C a l l i a ud Col o n el
. .525 C a ma c F a mi l y
F a mi l y 7 1 9 720
. C a ma c S t reet
C a me ron , C h a s Ha y
m
. .

B ury i n g g roun d R oa d 84, C a meron M rs , ul i a M . J .

B us sy " 67 C a mo rt a M emo ri a l
Bus t ee d s
"
'
E c hoes f ro m o l d C a l p
C a m be l l Ba n n e rman, S i r H
-

c ut t a 59, 1 03 ( N o t e) , 1 04, 1 1 3 p
C a m be l l , C a t D p
”
. .

1 1 4 ( N ot e) . 152, 276, 2 p
Ca m bel l Hos p i ta l
31 0, 41 4, 415, 41 7 , 438, 452, p
C a m be l l . S i r A rch i ba l d
455, 457 , 458, 459, 460,
570, 664, 71 5, 71 7 , 71 8.
725, $ 6, 867 , 881 -886 p
C a m be l l . S urgeon -Gen era l
B us t eed s The S era m o re P o rt ra i t
' "
p999 C a n a l , C i rcul a r
B ux a r, B a t t l e o f 77 C a n n i ng , E a rl 200, E D, m m 1,
B ux ey 50, 60 C a n n i ng , a dy L
B yn g , R obt . 64 C a n n i n g S t ree t
B y rn e , W a l e 64] C a n n on s i n G o vt House .

B y ro n L o rd
, 57 0 C a n n o n s i n F o rt W i l l i a m
B y s a ck s 3, 4, 356, 843 C a n n on s i n V M Co l l ec t i o n
. . n
p
C a p er, M r , s c s . . . .

c
p
C a t ure o f C a l cutt a , 62 , 355 .

C a d dy , A E . . C a rd s
C z s a rs , B us t s o i t he Tw el ve 124, 673 C a rew , A rc hbi s ho p P J . see. 6 48,
C a l c a p o re , D ut c h F a c t o ry a t 1 007 C a rey , E us t a c e
C a l cut t a a f t er P l a s sey 82 1 01 - C a rey , M a rs h ma n an d W a rd
C a l c ut t a a hun d red y ea rs a go 1 38 1 58 - C a rey , M rs . M . 00. 451 . 452 ,

C a l c ut t a A rt S oc i et s E x h i bi t i on s 937
’
C a rey , P et e r
C a l c ut t a be t w een t e t wen t i es a n d Ca rey . R ev D r . . Wm . 651 ,
fi f t i es 1 74 1 92 -

C a l c ut t a C h a mber o f C o mme rce , C a rey , R i c h a rd , a n d W i f e

C a rey s C hurc h La n e
’
Old
C a l c ut t a duri n g t he M ut i n y 1 93 21 1 -
C a rl i s l e, N e hew Co p .

C a l c ut t a E a rl y D a y s 1 3-22 C a rl y l e , Tho ma s
C a l c ut t a . Foun d i n g o f 1 12 - C a rn a c , M a o r j
C a l c ut t a F ro m Co rn w a l l i s t o
, C a rn a t 1 e, N a w a b M a h o mm c d A l i
W e l l e s l ey of t he
C a l c ut t a G a ze t t e p
C a r e n t er, M i ss M a ry
203 . 283, 289, 293, 305 ,
C a rri a ges
306 , 308, 310, 342, 343, 347 , 368. C a rse , J
o hn
470-47 1 , 475, 690, 848. 850, 853, C a rt i er, P res i d en t ohn J
857 , 866 C a rt w ri gh t Q r M r , .
-
.

C a l c ut t a H i g h S c h oo l 1 83 C a s emen t G en l S i r Wm
, . .

C a l c ut t a i n 1 756 54, 67 C a t hed ra l , M urg h i ha ta R C , . .

C a l c ut t a I n s t i t ut i o n s , S o me C a t hed ra l , S t P a ul s
'
905 97 3 -
.

C a l c ut t a o urn a l J ”
203, 674 734 , C a ut l ey , S i r P roby
C a l c ut t a , M a ki n g o f M o d e rn 159 1 73 -
C a ven a g h S i r O rf eur
,

C a l c ut t a O n t he T h res h o l d o f
. C emet e ri es , P a rk S t reet
To d a y
-
212 225 -
C e me t e ry a t C hi n s ura h D ut c h ,

C a l c ut t a P ubl i c L i bra ry , O l d 787 ,

C e me t e ry , B h ow a n i p o re M i l i t a ry
788. 790 Ce met ery , K h a s i a Ba g a n
C a l c ut t a , R et a ki n g o f 74 L
C eme t ery , o wer C i rcul a r R o a d
C en s us , Ho l w e l l s , 1 752
'
C a l c ut t a R e v i e w 21 6, 347 , 349 783
'

, ,

C en s us o f 1 901
C a l c ut t a S c hool o f I n dus t ri a l Art , C ha l me rs , M r M rs . .

Old 936 C h a mbe rl a i n , G en l S i r N e v t l l e .

C a l c ut t a S t ea m N a v ig a t i on C o 1 01 1 . C h a mbe rl a i n , R ev .

C a l c ut t a , T he l a s t f o rt y yea rs E 68 38 C h a mbe r o f C o mme rc e. Ben g a l

C a l c ut t a T i me o f Q ueen A n n e
. 23-37 C ha mbe rs , D r E W . . .

C a l c ut t a , Tw en t i e t h C en t ury 259 278 - C h a mbe rs , M rs a n d G ra n d c h i l d re n

,
 IN D E X .

P AC E .

C o rks c rew L a n e 1 30, 316 C ut t a c k a n d Ba l a so re a n n e x ed

C o rn e l i us , M a ri a C ut w a ( K a t w a )
q
C o rn w a l l i s , M a r ui s 121 1 26, 384 387 472, - -
, C y c l on e o f 1 737
687 -688, 807 C y c l o n es o f 186 7
p
C o r o ra t i on , C o n s t i tut i o n o f 945 947 -
C z a r N i c ho l a s 1 1 o f R us s i a
p
C o r o ra t i on o f C a l cut t a
p
C o r o ra t i o n S t ree t
C o rri e , B i s h o D p .

C os s a i t o l l a
C o s s i mba za r 5, 55 ( N o l l ) , 56 , 1 02 355 , ,

446 . 447 , 827 D a c c a , A n c i en t C a p i ta l o f B e n g a l

C o ss i n s , W , I C S . . . . 61 1 D a c re s
'
L
ane 31 1 3 -

p
C os s i o re D a c res , P M
. 311
C o t t o n , B i s ho G E L p 21 8. 51 6 51 7 , - D a l hous i e I n s t l t ut e 408 , EN 90
m , mt
. ,

q
. .

D a l ho us i e, M a r ui s o f
C ot t o n F a mi l y 360, 7 41 D a l h o us i e S q ua re
Da l l , Rev C H A
C o t t on , J . 503. 565, 897 , 924, 990
D a n ce N
. . .

C o t t on , S i r A rt hur 756 , .

C o t t on , Sir H S 563, 74 0-742, 773, 899

J Da ncing 1 34
‘
. . . ,

C o t t o n S t ree t D a n es i n Ben ga l 997 l -

D a n i el l s V i e w s
'

C o uc h , S i r R i ch a rd 1 24, 1 34 , 3 1 1 , 4 1 4 ,

C o un c i l Ho use ( O l d ) 91 , 316 , 31 9
D A n se l m C o mt e J
'

C o un c i l Ho use S t ree t 316 31 9 - 1 . .

C o un t es s o f S ut herl a n d 275, 993 D a pl mc

C o un t ry S ea t s
-
85 D a rj ee l i n g
C ourse ,
”
The 89 90, 1 30, 1 47 , $ 9 - D A uve rg n e, P hi l i
’
p
C o urt Ho use , N ew 1$ D a vi d s o n , C a t J P p . . .

C o urt H o use , O l d 46 , 1 23 D a vi d so n , T R , 1 c s . . . . .

C o urt o f D i rec t o rs 327 D a vi s , C a t. p

C ourt , R i c ha rd 64, 92, 31 6 -31 7 , 460 D a vi s . J
udg e
C o urt s , C o n s t i t ut i on o f 31 D ea c l e , M rs ( a h D a rl i n g )
.

C o urt s , O l d 31 D e a l t ry , B i sho p
C o w e n , H ( S c h o o l ma s t e r)
. 350 D e a n e, P res i den t oh n J
C o w i e, T H . . 725 D e ben d ra N a t h Ta g o re M a h a rs h i ,

C o w l ey , M i ss D eb F a mi l y o f S o bh a B a z a r 35 3 354. -

C ra d oc k, C a t C p . . D ebi S i n g h , M a h a ra j a h
C ra w f o rd , A J . . D e B o i n e, Gen l .

C reek R o w ( D i n g a B h a n g a) D ee g . a p t ure of

C reek, The D e P a c i en , V i co mt es se Fa m i l y
C re ma t i o n D e Ho se , Gove rn o r F
C ri c ket De l h i , P roc l a ma t i o n D urba r
C ri s B urri s h D el hi , K i n g o f
C ro t , M r D e l h i , S urma n s E mb a ss y t o
'
.

C ro mer, o rd L D e M e vel l , Bo ut a n t
C ro mmel i n , M a j o r G A . . D e M o n t i g n y , G o ve rn o r
ro mw e l l , O l i ve r D en i s o n , S i r Wm .

C rut c h p urd a r D e n n i e, C o l W H
'

- . . .

C rut t en d en , E d w a rd D en t , ohnJ
C rut t e n den F a m i l y D e Q ui n Thos .

C rut t en den , M a j o r G . D e rby, B a r o f

C rut ten de n s Ho use 341 D e roz 1 o , H L V
’
. . 5s t . .

C ummi n g s , L
i eut An d rew . 525 7 7 3.
C urren cy , G o v t P a er p D e S e rcey , A d mi ra l
m
.

C urren cy C c c 9 1 2 91 3 D e S i l va , M a rgueri t e
C urri c ul um, A rt S c hoo l 937 D e S ouza , La w ren ce
C urzon , a dyL D e S o uza , S i r W a l t er E .

C urz o n , L
o rd , $ 7 , 27 9 , 41 0 41 7 , D e S y l v a ( o r e x - S y l v a ) . E l i z a be t h 1
m
,

420, 433 434, 436 , 623 , , D ev i s , A W. 687 , . 7 15 , .

789 792, 864, 803, 1 001 D ex t er a n d L a ne

C us t om H o use D h a ra mt a l a
C ut c he rry , O l d 431 D h a ra mt a l a M a rket , O l d
C ut c hu G o o d ee G h a t 1 30. 394 D ha ra mt a l a M osq ue
C ut h be rt s o n a n d Ha r e r 31 3 p D h ee C a l cut t a
 IN D E X . XV

P ac e .
P ac e .

ho lepore, M a ha ra n a o f
'
770
li a mond Ha rbo ur 1 01 1
bi a mond P o i n t 1 19 E a rt hq ua ke, 1 897 236, 237
D i a ry of a n E n g l i s h ma n 481 E a s t ern B en g a l S t a t e R a i l w a y 27 1
D i c kens ( Ad voc a t e) 251 E 1 C om a n y ,
. . p 269 , 353, 382, 383 , 385
l i c kens , Co l A . B . . 621 -622 . . p
E 1 C o m a ny s S erva n t s ( 1 756) 446 451
'
-

D i ema r, R ev D r J . C . .57 4 E a st I n di an R a i l w a y 1 91
l i s hoek, G o vr P V an . . 1 007 E a s t , S i r E d w a rd H de 378
Di s pensa ri es , O ut d oo r -
96 1 E a s t , Si r E d w a rd y d e, S t a t ue 1 84
D i t ch , M a h ra t t a 38 40 - E a s t w i ck , C a p t R W . 576
.

D oc ks 374, 275, 277 , 326 E a s t Wi n d ow , S t. P a ul s Cat he d ra l 624 '

Doc umen ts i n V M C o l l ec t i on .81 3 E c cen t ri c I n d i vi d ua l . A n

Do d w e l l a n d M 1 l es a A rm
y L i st
’
290 Ec o nomi c a n d A rt M use um, B en g a l 934
o na l dson , Lt C Ec on omu t ,
’ '

D . . 621 i uc 409
Do ri n , J . A ( Sr .
J r) . E d en G a rd en s 215, 322, 373-374
DO rs a y , C o un t E d en , Hon M i ss , 1 50, 154, 1 55, 1 57 , 1 69,
'
781 .

D o s t M a h omed , A mi r 375 51 1 -51 2 176, 1 90, 288, 375, 999

D o ug l a s , M rs J
a ne . 549 E den , Ho n S i r A s h l ey , 235, 331 , 41 1 41 2
. -

D o vet o n , C a t p J
oh n . E d i n burg h , D uke o f 228, 229 , 7 m
Do veton C ol l ege ( l a t e P a ren t a l E d mon so n , C o l 574
A c a demy ) 294, 296, 649 , 956 957 - E d uc a t i on , C o un c i l s o f
Do w n a rd , E N . . 67 7 E d uc a t i on , F ema l e
Do w so n , Ca t p Ra l h . p
61 1 E d uc a t i on M i n ut e, M a c a ul a y s 950
’

DO y ly F a mi l y E d uc a t i on o f N a t i ves
’
423
E d w a rd V I I , K i n g E m ero r,
’
l Oy l y , S i r C h a s D ra w i n gs 1 46 302, 37 0,
Dra i n a g e , U n d er g ro un d
.
p
402, 676, 4 80, $ 0, $ 2, 964
-
1 73, 224
Dra i n a g e Wo rks P um i n g S t a t i on 27 2 p E d w a rd V I I V i s i t o f K i n g 231
,
Dra ke, R o ge r 54, 58, 61 , 31 2, 448, 91 6 E d w a rd es , S 1 r Herbert B 61 6, 61 7 .

Dres s 6 E d w a rd s, Th o s . 581
Dri n ks , F a vo uri t e 1 43 E l g i n a n d K i n c a rd i n e, 8t h E a rl o f 595.
Dri ve r, T ho ma s S y a rs 575, 648
Drummo n d D a vi d E l gin and K i n c a rd i n e, 9t h E a rl
39
581 of 6 .
D uel , C h a l l en g e t o a 746
D ue l , Ha s t i n g s - F ra n c i s 1 1 5, 87 9 887 - E l i za beth , Queen 10 m
E l l en bo rough C o urse
g
D ufi , . C G ra n t
.

l uff , l c v D r A l ex
. . 649, 782 783 .
- E l l en bo ro ug h , E a rl o f 1 7 1 , 619 67 1 , 996 -

uff , S i r M E G ra n t
. . E l l e rt o n , M r H a n n a h , 1 31 , 1 32, 637 638,
.
-

'
ufi e ri n A va , M a rc h i o nes s o f 458,
763 764 - E l l i o t , Ho n A l ex .

ufl e ri n A va , M a rq ui s o f 398 400 -
. E l l io t , oh nJ 1 66, 294, 580
E l l i ot , S i r H M
'

681 682 -
. .

uk h i n so re 992 E l l i o t t , L a dy 875
un c a n B us t ee $ 4 E l l i ot t R oa d
un k i n , S i r Wm . 705 E l l i o t t , S i r C ha s A $ 6 , 875
. .

up l e i x 125, 1 002 E l l i s , F ra n c i s 9, 13
up l e i x M a d a me ( o a n n a Begum) 1 002 J p
E l h i n st one, M o un ts t ua rt 1 44, 506, 512
ura n d F a mi l 777 E mba s a t o D el h i 1 9 , 536
ura n d , S i r P en ry M a n o n f 1 75 777 - E mi n , ga
urba r, D el h i C o ro n a t i o n 81 5, $ 3, $ 4 E n g l i s h ma n , The 204, 325, 4$
urba r, D el h i P roc l a ma t i o n E n g l i s h s Thea t re
'
747
urba r, l n ves t i t ure 769 77 1 , 832 -
E n g ra ved P o rt ra i ts , V M C o l l ec t 1 o n . .

urba r, L o rd Wel l es l ey s 835 839

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M a yo N a t i ve i n d i a n M useum, Hours of O pen i n g
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M a i d a p ut t y 345 M e L eo d S i r D on a ld ,

M a i l s f ro m E uro pe 205 Me M inn C W , . .

M a l a un , C a p t ure o f M e N a g ht en . C a p t R A . .

M a l co l m G en l S i r J o hn
, 819 820 .
-
M ea d Hen ry
,

M a l ki n S i r B 1 1
, 375 51 0-51 1 , 520 524 . .
,
-
M ea de G e n l S i r R i ch a rd H
,
.

M a l l eso n C o l G B
M a l l eso n C ol G B The
P a m h l et p
M a n g l es , R oss
M a n goe L a n e
, 220-819
. . .
M ea ri n g , C o mma n der
, R ed . . M ed i c a l C o l l ege Hos p i t a l
1 96 M ee r M ud d un
37 8 M ee run K h i t ma t ga r
Mee run S o n o f M i r J a fl er
,

M a n i k C ha n d , Fa uj d a r oi Hoo g h l y M ee rut M ut i n y a t
'

53, 66 M e i k l e i o h n . R ex W I ! w
M a n i k P i r s To mb 1“
'
985 M el vi l l e V i s c t ,
301 837 . . ,

M a n i p o re Ta bl et 61 1 -612 M el v i l l e W B , 618 32 . . .

M a n i p ur R i s i n 328, 912 M e mbe rs o f C o un c i l Be n g a l ( 1 75

2
.

Ma n n i n gh a m ha s , so, 448
M a n o mo ha n G hose 783-784 M e mp es . M o rt i mer
M a n uel Aga 655 Men a ge ri e B a rra c kp o re
M Col lee
, ,

M a n usc ri p t s O ri en t a l . V , . . M e red i t h s La n e
'

t i on 834 M e red i t h s S t a ble

'
s

Ma p l et o f tC ha l a in R obt , p . 60, 466 M et c a l f e Ha l l

fl a ps a n d P l a n s o f C a l cut t a Ap p s 1 V -V
. M et c a l f e L o rd ,

M a p s a n d P l a n s, O l d 129
M a rg a r F a mi l y 1 007 M et ro p o l i t a n l n s t 1 t ut i o n
M a rga s , So l o mo n 541 M i d d l e t on B i s ho p T F ,

M a ri ne Ho use
Ni a rlt by , Sir Wm . 282 M i d d l et o n , S a ml .

M a rke t M un i c i p a l
, 267 . 947-948 M i d d l et o n S t reet a n d R o w
M a rlrl a n d P et e r , M i l i t a ry M emo ri a l s
M a rl ey G en l B e nn et t
, . 997 M i l i t a ry O rp h an S c hoo l 85. 27 4 , 2
M a rq ui s S t reet a n d L a n e 296 M i l i t a ry ( o r S t a t i o n ) Ho s p i t a l
M a rs den , F J . . 768 M i l l a i s S i r J ohn , P R A
. . . .

M a rs h ma n , J C . . 327 , 819 M ill a mes

M ill. cv D r W H
,

M a rs h ma n , R ev D r J osh ua . . . . .

M a rt i n C a p t J ohn
, . 515 M i l l s . C a pt a mes .

M a rt i n G en l C l a ud
, . 673, $ 9. 952-955 M i l l s . M rs o rmerl y V i n cen t ) .

M a rt i n M rs J a n e
, . M i l ma n . B i sho p R .

M a rt i n S i r J R a n a i d
, . 788 M i n c h i n C a p t G eo ,
56 . 61 . . . 331 .
M a rt i n et t D a vi d ,
335 M i n i a t ures i n V M C o l l ec t i on . . 833 .

M a rt i n i ere L a 949, 952-955 M i nt H M s 913

'
. .
, ,

M a rt y n R ev Hen ry , . 495, 639 M i n t , O ld 13 .

M a rty n s P a god a ’
495, 1 001 M i n t o l s t E a rl o f 1 13 1 44 157
, . . , 688
M a rt y rose A M , . 656
Ma rw a ri es 256 M i r J a fl er N a w a b 57 , 58, 69 . 7 2
'

. ,

M a son i c Ce remon i a l s 464, 471 76. 77 . 78. 79, I N . 1 38 ,

M a s on i c Lo d ges 91 9 921 -
M i r Ka s i m 48. 76 77 . .

M a s s a c re. P a t n a 77 , 333 M i rza Abbo Ta l eb Kha n

M a s sey M r M i s ri K h a n s a ma h s a ne
’
L
m
. .

Ma st at B a n d el 1 M i ss ion R o w
 IN D E X . x x ii
P ac e .

M i s s i on a ri es E a rl y , 369 863 - M a nn y Begum

M i t t e r Fa mi l y o f C a ma rt o l ly & c 357 , . M un ro . M a j o r
Mo d el s O l d F o rt a n d S t A n n e s
, .
'
M un ro. S i r Hect or
C h urc h M urg heh a t t a 265. 34
Mo d e l s S c hoo l o f A rt
, 937 M urg heha t t a R C C a t hed ra l 646 6 4 . .
-

M o d el s . V M C o l l ec t i o n
. . M urs hed K ul i K h a n 15 1 ,

Mo d ern C a l c ut t a . M a k i n g of 1 59 1 73
-
M urs h i d a ba d A n c i en t C a p i t a l o f
.

Mo h a mc d a n M o s q ues Be n g a l l . 555. 556 . 55

M o h a med G o h ur 75 M urs h i d a ba d . N a w a b o f , 78, 819 . 822.
M o h a med M uhs i n 1 00 M useum, As i a t i c S oc i et y s
'

923
M o h a mma d R e za K ha n 1 09 . 110 M us eum, I n d i a n
M o i ra S t reet 289 M useum, I n d i a n Fo rma t i on o f 983 .

M o l un g a 345 M us t o n . D r W m P i t t . .

M o n i ra mp o re 997 , 998 M ut i n y a t S i t a ur 601 602p

M o n o po l i es . so M ut i ny, Ca l c ut t a . d uri n g t he.
M o n son . C o l l i o n Geo . . . M ut i n y G a t e
1 1 3. 337 . 573, 892 M ut i n y . I n d i a n
M o n so n . L
a dy An n e 1 1 4 ( N ot e ) . 573 ,
M ut i n y M e mo ri a l . Ben g a l E n g i nee rs
'

M o n t go me ry . S i r R o bt 481 .

M o n t i za mbe rt , M a o r G j
61 7 -61 8 . M ut i n y M emo ri a l . 681 h B N 1
M o n t P a rn a s se C emet e ry P a ri s 904 , M ut i n y of
47 th B N l . . .

M o n t i guy . G o ve rn o r 1 005 1\
I ut t y La l S ea l
M o n umen t . O c hte rl o n y 403 M ut t y . M a rk
M o n ume n t s a n d S t a t ue s . C a l c ut t a M uz umd a r F a mi l y
367 4 28 p
M y l a o re , B i s ho o f p
M o o kt a ra m B a bu s S t reet M y men s i n g h . M a ha ra j a
'
of
M o o re . A n n a a n d Tho ma s 539 540 J -
M y s o re F a mi l y
M o o re s A s se mbl y R oo ms 1 69 . 729
’

M o rd a un t . C a t ohn p . J 525
M o rd a un t . C o l .

M o rga n . S i r “ a l t e r 701
f

M o rn ew i c k . A 692 N a 1ni Ta l a n dsl i L p

a j i m ud d o w l a
.

N 78. 7
M o rn ew i c k . C
- -
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a n d a K uma r, M a h a ra j a
.

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M o rn i n g t o n C o un t es s o f
,
837 276, 9]
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M o rri s , P i l o t
\ I o rs e . G m e rn o r N rc ho l a s
N a n d a ra m S en
N a n d a ra m S en s S t ree t
.
’

‘rurumt o l l a 693
M osq u e D
,

M o s q ue s . M o h a mma d a n 1 008 N a ni L
a ll B a n e ri c c
M o s q ui t oe s l 56 . 1 57 p
N a i e r o f M a ga da l a . ord L
M o s s es o f B a rn a g o re 992 p
N a i e r o f M erc h i s t o un . L a d
M o t t e. M r M rs 293 1 009 p
N a i er o f M erc h i s t oun . Lo r
,

p
.

J
.

N a i er, S i r C ha s.
M o t t s L a ne
' .

1 98 N a ra y a n M i s ra
M o ua t . D r .

1 48 N a rlt a l d a n a
M o urp un ke vs ( S n a ke Boa t s ) -

M uc k w a h T h a n n a h Fo rt 967 N a t i on a l o n g ress , India n

N a za r, Ag a
M ud d i m M o ii un j ee Te mp l e , Ba g
B a za r 97 4 N ebut o l l a h
M uh a ma d G ohur 75 N e i l l , Ge n l G .
J . .

1 008 N e a l Wa r
p
M u h a m ma d M uhs i n
M ult t a ra m D e 359 N ew C l ub
M u l l i c k F a mi y 343 N ew ma n Co s
’
remi ses . p
M ul l i c k s C h a t
’
343 p p
N ew s a e rs , C a l c ut t a ( 1 857) 209-91 1 .
M ul l i n s . R o s c oe 305 J”
N i c ho l l . oh n , l a t e o f t he Ha rmo n i l

j
M ul ra . D ew a n 6 1 5 -61 6 Ta vern
N i c ro l l s J o hn
'

M un g a l P a n d y .

Q7 N i ho l n C a p t
c so
M un i c i p a l B i l l , 1 899 , .

p
M un i c i a l C o un c i l C ha mba r 940 945 - N i h l n G en l J
c o so . . .

M un i c i p a l F o un d ry a n d Wo rks ho s 272 p N i l s S i r J a s per

co ,

M un 1 c 1 p a l G o ve rn men t 233 234 - N i c o l so n , D r 8 . .

I m ro v emen t s p N i l D urp a n
O fli ce 938 947 - N i lga n j
( n ea r B a ra s et )
Ra ilw a y N i mt o l l a
Ref o rms 161 , 1 73 N i mt o l a B urn i n g-G hi t
 IN D E X .

P ac e .

N i sbe t . Wa l t er 487 O we n , L t W C
has. 8
. .

N i za m o f Hy dera ba d . 407 . 50 , O w en , R ev o hn . J
42 O x f o rd o f Ben ga l 1 12.
N obl e. M a t t hew , a s n 402
N obo K i ssen . M a h a ra a h . 65, 90. j
1 34. 21 8. 353. 354. 357 , 428.
«19. IN ! P a d ra . The
N orma n , C G . . 627 P a ge. To m
N o rma n , J
us t i ce J P 229. 230. 285. 403. .
P a get . S i r E dw a rd
582, 590, 701 . 72? P a go d a . B urmese
N o rma n . S i r II W . .
P a g od a . M a rt yn s ’

N ort h brook, E a rl o f 3754 7 6. 477 . 679, 961 p

P a i k a ra
N o rt h. Lo rd 1 211 P a l a n q ui n s
N o t t . F a mi l y 749 P a l i s a d es , Fence o f
N o t t . G en l Sir .W m 7 47 -7 49
.
P a l kee-bea rers
N ud dea A n c i en t C a i t a l o f Ben g a l
. 1 p P a l k. M rs uc i a. L
N ugen t . G e n l S i r 836 P a l me r a n d C o ( Hy d e ra ba d )
N un co ma r. M a ha ra a , 92. 1 08. 1 0
.

9 1 13. j -
P a l me r Fa mi l y
.

1 35. 1 84. 276 , 359 428. 992 .

P a l mer, G en l W m . .

N ut t . Tho s 587 P a l me r, G eo
m mf
.

P a l me r. o h n J 1 . a ia . si s.

P an eh a n n a g ra m
O be l i s k . Ho l w el l P a n c he e B o ha n y G ul l y
O be l i s k. P l a s sey 72 P a n c hlt o t i
O B ri e n , S i g n a l l er J a s 6 1 2. 9 1 2 P a n i c S un d a y
'
.

O bse rva t o ry , A l i o re p 262 P a n i ot y . D .

O bse rva t o ry . S t X a vi e r s C o l lege 956

’

. P a n i o t y Fo un t a i n
O c c i d en t a l i s t s a n d O ri en t a l i s t s 284 P a ra d e G roun d Ba rra c kp o re
p
.
-2 50
O c c u a t i on s 2 47 P a ra d e G ro un d . O l d
O h t rl y ,
c e o n M a o r-
j
G en e ra l S i r D P a ri s h R e g i s t e rs , S t oh n s J '

466 . 4
’

m
.
.

403 406. -

O c on n or. J oh n 831
’
P a rk S t reet 84 . a s .

O de l l , L t W m .
525 P a rk S t re e t C e met eries
O ffi c es o f G o vt o f In d i a
.

. 912 P a rk, T he 45 . 48.

O g i l vi e . R e v D r . P a rker. B i s ho II P p
56 ( N ot e) . 449
. . .

O Ha ra . E n g i n eer C ha s P a rke r. PJ
‘
. .

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P a rke r. 1 1 M . w as . I fl l.
.
'

11
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'
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O l d h a m. S a muel P a rry . C h a l a i n p
O l d M i s s i o n C hurc h P a rsee A g i a ree o r F i re Te m l e p
O l d P o s t O ffi c e S t ree t 320 P a rs ee To w e r o f S i l e n c e
O mi c h a n d 36 4 P a rt hen i o , F a t her
O mi c h a n d s G a rden Ho use 1 29 Pa t ia la M a ha ra j a h M o he n d e r
'
,

O o l oo ba rri a h 5 S i n gh o f
O p era h o us e 302, 303 P a t n a M a s s a c re
O rg a n , S t An d rew s C hurc h P a t t l e F a mi l y
’
.

O rga n , S t P a ul s C a t hed ra l
.
'
J
P a t t l e . a mes
O ri en t a l B a n k C o rp o ra t i o n 907 . 908 P a ul . P .

O ri g i n a l L
e t t e rs S ee F a y . M rs . .
P a ul . S i r C ha s .

O rme . M rs M a rt h a 538 P a ul i . M r
124. 305. 343 462
. .

O rme . R o bt . . 538 P e a eh i e . J
e remi a h
O s mo n d . W 961 P ea c oc k S i r B a rn es
, 1 85,
O ud h . G ha z 1 ud d i n Hy d er, K i n g o f , P ea rc e . R e v W H . . .

829 830 -
P e a rkes . P R . .

O ud h . N a w a b S a d a t A l i , K ha n o f 677 P e a rse . C o l Hug h : .

1 ) ud h . N a w a bs ( o r K i n gs ) o f 829 830
Al i S h a h . e x K i n g P ea rse . C o l T D . . .

201 . 277 P e a ry C h a n d M i t ra
O n l ess , W W , a s
. . . .679 . P ea ry M o hun M uke rj ee . R a j a
O ut ra m, G en l Sir as . 400 fl u J . .
Pea t , C a t p .

O ut ra m I n s t i t ut e . F o rt “ i l l i a m 847 850
’
-
P ee l , S i r a w re n c eL1 9 4 277 . .
71 9
O ut t ra m , Mr Jas . 579 P ee l , S i r W m .
R a th t o l l a G ha t R oy a l Ex c h a nge
R a t t ra y , R. H. 954 R oy a l P i c t ures , V
R a w d on , Ea rl o f
. R Col lecti on 1
407 R oy d S t ree t
R a y, A K. . S hort H i s to ry o f R oy d s , S i r o hnJ
"
C a lc ut ta 40, 349, 4110, 363 ( N ot e) R umbo l d F a mi l y
R e a d ers , I mperi a l L i bra ry 800 R umbol d , M rs. F ra n ces
R ea d i n g -R oo ms , I m eri a l L i bra r p 793, R umbo l d , S i r T , a n d Fa mil
R ec o rd C ommi ss i on , I n d i a n
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7 8 R ussa p ug l a
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2 1 6 R us se l l F a mil y
R ed P a m hl et p
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R uss el l , oh n
R ed R oa d 139, 9, 394, ass ” R uss el l, y
R eed , E l i za be t h 81 oh n J R ussel l , M a d a m
R e i d , S i r G eo., ma s s . 683 R us sel l , S i r F ra n ci s
R ei n h a rd t , w a i ter ta m : S a n rou) 77. we
R us s el l , S i r Hen ry 185.
R e ug i o n s 245-346
R e mt ry , J oh n
R usse l l , S i r Wm 0 . .
910 R ussel l S t reet
R emusa t , M ad a me de
R uss i a , C z a r o f V isi t
R en a ul t , G o vern o r
.

560. 561 R us t o mj ee Co w a s j ee Ba n a j ee 7!
R e n n el l , M a j o r J a s 368, 807 .
R us to mj ee F a mi l y
R e n t C a se, G rea t 71 1 712 R us t o mj ee, H. H
- '

R e red o s, S t P a ul s C a t hed ra l , 625 627 ’ .

R us t o mj ee , M a n a kj ee
. -

R es o n d en t i a Wa lk
p 1 68, ess m R n t t on S i rca r
R ew a h , M a h a ra a h o f j 770 R a t t on S i rc a r s G a rden S t reet
’
3
R ey n o l d s , S i r os h ua , J 81 0 R y a n , S i r E d w a rd 13 . 375 729 7! -
R i c ha rd so n , C a t . D . L. p
R i c ha rd s on , L t . os e h J 5118 p
8
R i c h mon d, G , . 692
R i c ket t s , oh n Wm.
J S a a d ut A l i
R i c ket t s , S i r Hen ry S a i l o rs Ho me, O l d
’
773 77 4 -

R i fl e R a ng e, V oi un t eer S t A n d rew s C hurc h ( K i rk) 312 662 66

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-
.
, ,

R i g a ud , M on s i eur (B 6
R 1 p o n , M a rq uis o f G -681 m S t . A n drew s D i nn er
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p
R i o n S t reet a n d an e L St. A n d rew s L i bra ry
’
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S t. A nn e s C h urch M
'
R i abe ra ( I s h a ra ) 342, 864, 866, 992 25, 75, 188,
R 1 t c h i e F a mi l y
R i t c h i e, M rs R i c h mo n d . S t. F ra i s ( or S i n f rey )
R i t c h i e. Wm . 593-595 S t G eo rge, S i r R d e L.
. .

R i ver, U a n d d o w n the 990- 1 01 1 St J

a mes s S treet
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.

S t J ohn s Ch a pe l ( O l d F o rt )
’
R o bert s , a ri 367 , 394-396 . l
St C h urch
'
R o berts , B oh n s
J . . 941 .

R o bert s , M i s s E mma St o h n s C h urc h y a rd

’
51 8 . 518, 56
R o bert s , S t reet ( S i bt o l i a L a n e) 295 D! C 0 1 1“ Ol d a . .o

N a za reth s ( A rmen i a n ) Ch urch

'
R o bert s on , A E . . 627
R o bi n son , C K. . 289, 789
j
R o bi nso n , M a o r-G enera l D . G 591 , 911 . P a ul s C a thed ra l
’

P e t er s C h urc h , Ro rt Wi l l i a m
—
'
R o bi n son S t reet 289
R o d d, S i r J a s R en n el l . 807 652 653, 858.
R a g hoo M i t t er s T ho ma s s
g
ee S ch oo l ) C hurch
’ '
G ha t 344
R o h i l l a C en o t a h p 525-526 Tho ma s s
’
i d d l et o n R o w )
R o ma n Ca t hol i c C a t he d ra l , M urg h i C hurc h
h a t ta X a v i er s
'
Co l l eg e 287 , 289,
R o ma n a t h Ta go re, M a h a ra a h 731 732 j -
S a l a ri es o f F ac t ors
R o mes h C hun d er M i t t er, S i r 708. 727 S a l e, L a d y
R o oey h a t t a 51 , 360 S a le, S i r R obt H . .

R oo p n a ra y a n R i ver 1 01 1 S a l kel d , L t . P .

R o e Wa l k
p 42 45 S a l t M o n op o l y
R o s s , A l ex .
3 37
0 15 S a l t - Wa ter La kes
R o ss , Dr E . D en i s on . S a n de ma n , H D , s c s
. . . . .

R os s , a mes a n d o h a n n a
J J
538, 539 S a n ders, L t . -C ol E . .

R o s s, M rs 1 34 S a n d hea d s
R o s s i ( S c ul t o r) p S a n dh us t , Lo rd
R o x burg h , D r Wm 969, 971 , 973
. . S a n ka ra G hose
R o y a l B o t a n i c a l G a rd en 965 973 -
S a n sc ri t C o l l ege
 IN D E X . x x v ii
P AG E . P AG E .

Sa ns Souc i Thea t re, O l d 287 , 289” 955 S here A l i , A mi r

Sa rt or R es a rt us , C a rl y l e s
’
297 298 S he ri d a n , R B . .

a ssoon , S i r A l be rt 77 1 S he ri fi o f C a l c ut t a , F i rs t 1 19
a tga on 2, 9, 4, 356 S hi b C h un d er B a n e r ee , R a a h 7 82 j j
ati , Abo l i t i on o f 1 81 , S hi p bui ld i n g 132 1 38 27 4- 27 5 998 -
, ,

at i ( o r K a l i ) 280, 356 , 976 S ho re, Ho n F J , . . 672 67 9

.

a toor, As a H . J
S ho re, S i r oh n ( o rd Te i g n mo ut h ) L
a turda y C l ub 960, 993
s t yen d ra N a th Ta g o re, rc s 783 S ho w ers , C a t C L p . 498 499
. .
-

a ugo r I s l a n d 1 01 1 S ho w ers , M a j o r 15d en C .

F R
. . 67 1 , 740, 744, 77 7 , 778 S h ri nes , S o me Te m l es a n d 974 989 p -

cha l ch 9 M a
'
o f C a l c ut t a 168 S humbun a t h P un d i t , us t i ce 707 J
cha ri , S i r eo . 81 4 S i b K ri s hn a B a n e rj c c
ch i t ermn n ( o r S i c h t e rma n n ) S i d d hes va ri , Tem l es o f p
97 9 981 ,

D i rec t o r ” 1 007 S i eg e o f C a l c ut t a 309 p

1 37 , 341 .
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choo l o f A rt a n d A rt G a l l ery 9 96 998 -

S i kh W a r 392 6 1 5 6 1 8 ,
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cbw en d l er, C L . . S i ml a 1 75, 376 39 1 405 ,

ci n d i a h 137 S i ml a ( C a l c ut t a ) 51
cot t , A l e x a n d e r 779, 81 6 S i ml a E x o d us 226 . 391
S i mms S urvey M a p o f C a l c ut t a
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cot t Tho ms o n Co . 1 05 S i mso n , C o l i n
cra f t o n , L uke 334 S i mso n , E n g i n ee r Cha s 56 ( V o t e) .

ea l d a h 265 , 27 1 S i ms on , L t W H. . 61 1
.

ea l y , C h a s . 477 S i t a b R oy , R a j a h 1 09
rc re t a ry s W a l p
S i t a ur, M ut i n y a t 601 602
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. 958, 965, 97 3 S i t ua t i o n o f C a l c ut t a 259
el by 3 C l ub S i va 97 6
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epo y e, D i s a rma men t o f S i v a j ee 920 821 -

era j - ud D o w l a h 62. 68. 72, 338 341 , S ken e. C o l C h a s M

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440 555
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435 , , S ki n n er, J
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:ra mp o re 997 1 002 -
S l a ug h t e r Hous e , M un i c i a l
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t ra mp o re , C o l l ege 997 998 -
S l a v es 98
:ra mp o re , M a rty n s P a g o d a S l ee ma n , S i r W m
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495, 1 001 1 69
.

ra mp o re M i s s i o n a ri es S l ee ma n S i r W m
, R a mb l es a n d .

rra prs 231 R ec ol l ec t i o n s 694

src y , A d m i ra l d e 57 6 S ma rt , a ne a nd o n a t ha n 539 540
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S mi t h , Bobus 157
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n a n ts , D o mes t i c 95 S mi t h , C ha s . 450
2 t h , R a n K i s sen 48 S mi t h , C o l R . B a i rd . 6 1 8 6 19 -

r t o n , A rc h i ba l d 916 9 17 -
S m i t h , C ul l i n g 17 9 16 .

tt o n , S i r Hen W 1 82 7 1 9
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, S mi t h , Jo hn s t o n 627
tt o n - K a rr, W a s c
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S my t h , C a t C a rmi c h a e l
.

st t l e m e n t , E a rl y D a y s o f t he 1 3 22 -
S my t h, C a rmi c h a e l
r tts 3. 4. 48 50. 356 . 843 , S my t h , T W . .

ta b A l a m, E m e ro r p 1 6 81 8 , S obha ra m B y s a c k
na h J e h a n , E m e ro r p 1 009 S o bra o n
na h S h uj a h , N a w a b 37 5 51 1 . 608 748 , S oc i a l L i f e
mi s t a K h a n , N a w a b R S oc i et y , An g l o I n d i a n -

la k e s p ea r, H D . . S oc i et y f o r t he P re p og a t i on o f t he
a k e s p e a r. S i r R i c h mon d 594 7 48 , G os pe l
Ba za r S o me C a l c ut t a I n s t i t ut i on s
G ul l ey S o me rs et B ui l d i n g s
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So n t a burd a rs a n d Hurk a rus
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S ri ha ri , D ew a n 959 S ut h erl a n d , J a s 1 .

S ri ma n t a D o m 978 S ut t a n utt ee 1 , 8. l , 8 . G
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S t a n ho e, C a t Ph i l ip p
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S t a r o f I n d i a O rd er o f t he 7 71 S y n a gogues , Hebrew
S t a t e B a rges
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S t a t es ma n 481 998
p
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S t a t i o n ( o r M i l i t a ry ) Ho s i t a l 959 960 - T
S t a t ues a n d M on umen t s
S t a vo ri n us , A d mi ra l 124, 328. 846
Ta be rd , V i c a r Gen e ra l J L -
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N 4, 1 0 m Ta M a ha l , Ag ra
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S t ed ma n , C o l C o un t R A .
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S tee l e, W A D en n i e s N a rra t i ve
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S t ee l l , S i r o hn , J
408, 669 , 804, 809 Ta n k ( D a l ho us i e ) S q ua re 9 1 . $ 12. ,

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S t e hen , us t i c e H L J . a .
S t e hen , S i r J a s Fi t s
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S t e rn d a l e, R C Hist o f C a l
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c a tta C o l l ec t o ra t e Ta y l o r, C o l F S . . .

S t e ua rt Co 1 48 ( N o t e )
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Ta y l or, G eo N oh l .

S t e ven s , S i r C h a s C ec i l 768 769 . -

Ta y lo r R ev J , H . . .

S t ew a rt , C H i s t o ry o f B e n ga l
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S t i rl i n g , An d rew Tea p l a n t D i s co ve ry o f
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Te i g n mout h , Lo rd S ee S ho re Si r .
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S t o rc lr, V i c a -G en era l 1 .
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S t ra c hey , E w a rd 1 44, 506 Te l eg ra p h Ofi ce , Ce n t ra l
S t ra c hey , S i r E d w a rd , i n Bla ck Tel f er. L t F i re w o rke r J .
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S t ra c hey , S i r ohn J
222, 77 1 Temp l e , G o v i n d ra m s C h i t po re 34
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S t ra c hey , S i r R i c ha rd 771 97 44
S t ra n d R o a d Temp l e , Si r R i c ha rd 231 212 2
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S t ree t s o f C a l c ut t a p
Te m l es an d S h ri n es 974
S t ro n g Dr , . 787 p
Tem l es a t K hurd a h . R a s s a n d S i va
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S uba h i n gh 14 Th a c ker, S p i nk a n d Co .

S uba rn a ba rn i c ks 248 Th a c kera y , C ha rl es

S uburbs 2 78 m ” T h a c kera y F a mi l y
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S ud d er N i za mut A d a w l ut 697 . 699 Th a c kera y , S urgeo n H W M

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Sud der St reet 299-900 Th a c kera y , W M . .

S ukea s , P et er 357 T h a c kera y . W M ( S r ) . .

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S ul i va n , L a w ren ce 879, 886 T hea t re R oa d
S uma t ra S a n d 99 1 T hea t re, S a n s S o uc i
S umroo , Beg um 1 97 Thea t res , O l d , 93, 1 34 1 52 sen , . .

S un d erbun ds 260, 275, 362, 370 Theeba w , K i n

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V i z i a n a g ra m, M a ha ra a o f j Wh i t e on a t h a n
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Wes t o n , C ha s 308-31 0, 332 333 948. . . . Y ul e, S i r
459, 458, 573 Y ul e, S i r Hen ry
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