Calculus & Real Analysis

MPS 41
Limit & Continuity
Evaluate the following limits:
𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟓+𝒙)−𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟓−𝒙)
1. 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙

Ans: 𝟐⁄𝟓.
𝟏⁄𝟐𝒙
2. 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 √𝒙)
𝒙→𝟎

Ans: 𝒆𝟏⁄𝟐 .
𝟏⁄𝒙𝟐
𝟏+𝟓𝒙𝟐
3. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟏+𝟑𝒙𝟐 )
𝒙→𝟎

Ans: 𝒆𝟐 .
4. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟐 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙
𝒙→𝝅⁄𝟒

Ans: 1.
𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙−𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
5. 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
𝟏
Ans: − 𝟐.

6. 𝐥𝐢𝐦|𝒙||𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙|
𝒙→𝟎

Ans: 0.
𝒂𝒏
7. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 , 𝒂 ∈ 𝑹+
𝒏→∞ 𝒏!

Ans: 0.
𝒆𝒙 −𝒆𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
8. 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

1
 Ans: 0.

𝒙𝒚 −𝒚𝒙
9. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙𝒙 −𝒚𝒚
𝒙→𝒚

𝟏−𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒚
Ans: .
𝟏+𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒚
𝟏
𝒓𝟑 −𝒓+
10. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∑𝒏𝒓=𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 ( 𝒓
)
𝒏→∞ 𝟐

Ans: 𝝅⁄𝟐 .
𝟏𝟑 +𝟐𝟑 +𝟑𝟑 +⋯+𝒙𝟑
11. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐
𝒏→∞ (𝒏𝟐 +𝟏)

Ans: 𝟏⁄𝟒.
𝐬𝐢𝐧[𝒙]
, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 [𝒙] ≠ 𝟎
12. If 𝒇(𝒙) = { [𝒙]
𝟎, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 [𝒙] = 𝟎
where [𝒙] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝒙, then find 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙).
𝒙→𝟎

Ans: limit does not exist.

𝟏⁄
𝝅 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
13. Evaluate: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [𝐭𝐚𝐧 (𝟒 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙)]
𝒙→𝟏

Ans: 𝒆𝟐 .
[𝟏𝟐 𝒙]+[𝟐𝟐 𝒙]+[𝟑𝟐 𝒙]+⋯+[𝒏𝟐 𝒙]
14. Evaluate: 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒏→∞ 𝒏𝟑

Where [. ]denotes greatest integral function less than or equal to 𝒙.

Ans: 𝒙⁄𝟑.
15. If 𝒙 is a real number is [𝟎, 𝟏]. Then find the value of
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝐥𝐢𝐦 [𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒎 (𝒏! 𝝅𝒙)]
𝒎→∞ 𝒏→∞

Ans: 𝟐 when 𝒙 ∈ 𝑸, 𝟏 when 𝒙 ∉ 𝑸.

16. Examine the continuity of the function
𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 − [𝒙] + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒙
= 𝟎 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟎
where [𝒙] denotes the greatest integer not greater than 𝒙; at 𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟐.
Ans: Discontinuous.
17. A function 𝒇 is defined on [𝟎, 𝟏] as follows:

2
 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒏
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒏+𝟏 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝒏 (𝒏 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, … … )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
Show that 𝒇 is discontinuous at the points 𝟐 , (𝟐) , (𝟐) , …. And examine the nature of discontinuity.

Ans: Discontinuity of 𝟐nd kind.

{𝟏 + |𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙|}𝒂|𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙| ; − 𝝅⁄𝟔 < 𝒙 < 𝟎
18. Let 𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝒃 ; 𝒙=𝟎
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝒙⁄𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝒙
𝒆 ; 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝝅⁄𝟔
Determine 𝒂 and 𝒃 such that 𝒇(𝒙) is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎.
Ans: 𝒂 = 𝟐⁄𝟑 , 𝒃 = 𝒆𝟐⁄𝟑 .
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙+𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙+𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
19. If 𝒇(𝒙) = is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟎, find the values of 𝑨, 𝑩 and 𝒇(𝟎).
𝒙𝟑

Ans: 𝑨 = −𝟐, 𝑩 = 𝟎, 𝒇(𝟎) = −𝟏.

[𝟐𝒓𝒙]
20. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∑𝒏𝒓=𝟏 , where [. ] denotes greatest integral function, discuss the continuity of 𝒇(𝒙).
𝒏→∞ 𝒏𝟐

Ans: Continuous everywhere.

21. Prove that 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒎 (𝒏! 𝝅𝒙)) is nowhere continuous.
𝒏→∞ 𝒎→∞