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CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (1)
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
+ =
Động từ cơ bản 1 hoặc 2 giới từ Cụm động từ
Nghĩa của Phrasal Verb rất khó đoán dựa vào nghĩa của động từ và giới từ tạo thành nó.
Ex: look after: chăm sóc
II. PHÂN LOẠI CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ
Có 3 loại cụm động từ:
➢ Cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ (intransitive)
Ex: I have to check in before 8.00.
➢ Cụm động từ có thể bị tách ra. Tân ngữ đứng ở giữa động từ và giới từ.
Ex: She wrote his name down in her notebook.
➢ Cụm động từ không bao giờ bị tách rời bởi tân ngữ.
Ex: He looked after the baby.
III. MỘT SỐ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP
1. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng A
• abide by: to according to, to be faithful to: tuân theo.
Ex: They must abide by the rules of the game.
• abstain from: not to do, take: tránh làm điều gì.
Ex: He abstained from voting in the election.
• accede to = agree: đồng ý.
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Ex: He acceded to my request.
• account for = explain: giải thích.
Ex: His illness accounts for his absence.
• accuse sb of st: Charge (someone) with an offence or crime: buộc tội cho ai.
Ex: He was accused of murdering his wife's lover.
• adhere to: stick to: dính vào, bám vào.
Ex: This tape doesn’t adhere to the floor very well.
• add to: to increase: thêm vào, tăng thêm.
Ex: The news added to our happiness.
• add up = total: tính tổng.
Ex: I added up the receipts and it totaled $135.46.
• add up to + an amount: amount to: tổng lên đến.
Ex: The total expenses added up to $325.00.
• adjust to: to change in order to become more suitable for or adapted to: điều chỉnh cho
phù hợp.
Ex: He soon adjusted to his new way of life.
• admit sb/st to st: allow (someone) to enter a place: nhận ai vào….
Ex: She was admitted to hospital suffering from a chest infection.
• admire sb/st for: respect: ngưỡng mộ ai.
Ex: I admired him for his courage and determination to see his aim achieved.
• agree with sb on st : have the same opinion about something: đồng ý với ai về điều gì.
Ex: He agreed with you on whether we should or shouldn't increase the salary.
• aim at/for: to point or direct st at; to try to hit or reach: nhắm vào, hướng vào.
Ex: He is aiming for the top of his profession.
• answer to: to be the same as or correspond to: trả lời, chịu trách nhiệm.
Ex: The police have found a man answering to that description.
• appeal to sb: be attractive or interesting: hấp dẫn ai.
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Ex: The idea of camping has never appealed to me.
• appeal to sb for/to do st: make a serious, urgent, request: khẩn khoản yêu cầu.
Ex: Police are appealing for information about the incident.
• apologize to sb for st: express regret for something that one has done wrong: xin lỗi với ai
về điều gì.
Ex: We apologized to him for our error.
• apply oneself to st/doing st: Give one's full attention to a task; work hard: chăm chú.
Ex: You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work.
• apply for st: to ask for (something) formally: yêu cầu (trang trọng).
Ex: He applied for financial help.
• approve of: agree with, be pleased with: tán thành.
Ex: You may not approve of what he did, but he's still your brother.
• arrive at/in : to reach: đến.
Ex: We arrive at the station as the train was leaving.
They arrived in Ha Noi at night.
• assist (sb) in/with st: help: hỗ trợ.
Ex: Two men are assisting the police in their enquiries.
• assist at: be present: tham dự.
Ex: Tomorrow, he will assist at the graduation ceremony.
• ask after sb: enquire about the health: hỏi thăm sức khỏe.
Ex: If I see him I'll tell him you were asking after him.
• ask around: talk to different people in order to find out something: hỏi nhiều người để tìm
kiếm cái gì đó.
Ex: She thought the dog had been dumped there and was asking around all week if anyone
had lost a dog.
• ask for sb: say that one wants to speak to: nói muốn gặp/nói chuyện với ai.
Ex: When he telephoned, he asked for you.
• ask for st: demand: đòi hỏi.
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Ex: Don't be afraid to ask for advice.
• ask sb back: ask sb to come back for a second interview: mời đến buổi phóng vấn thứ 2.
Ex: I made a mess of the interview and I wasn't asked back.
• ask sb out: Invite someone out on a date: mời ai đi chơi, đi hẹn hò.
Ex: She's asked Steve out to the cinema this evening.
• attend to: to listen or pay attention to: chú ý.
Ex: Attend carefully to what the lecturer is saying!
2. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng B
• back away: to move backwards: lùi lại, rút.
Ex: She saw that he had a gun and backed away.
• back down: give up one’s opinion, claim: dừng việc bảo vệ quan điểm, ý kiến.
Ex: Jane never backs down. She always wins arguments.
• back out (of st): not to do something that you promised to do: nuốt lời.
Ex: You agreed to come. You can't back out now!
• back sb up: to support or encourage: ủng hộ.
Ex: His mother backed him up on everything.
• back up: to drive a vehicle backward: lùi xe lại phía sau.
Ex: Could you back up a little so I can open this drawer?
• bargain for: to expect or take into consideration: mong, dự tính.
Ex: I didn’t bargain for everyone arriving at once.
• believe in: accept that (something) is true: tin tưởng.
Ex: Do you believe in ghosts?
• belong to: to be the property of: thuộc về.
Ex: The book belongs to me.
• bestow on/upon: to give ( title, award..) to sb: tặng cho, ban cho.
Ex: The Queen bestrowed a knighthood on him.
• beware of: to be careful of: thận trọng với.
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Ex: Beware of the dog!
• blow out: to extinguish or put out (a flame…) by blowing: thổi tắt, dập tắt.
Ex: The wind blew out the candle.
• blow up:
- To break into pieces: làm vỡ tan.
Ex: The soldiers blew the factory up.
- To fill with air or a gas: thổi bóng.
Ex: He blew up the balloon.
- To lose one’s temper: mất kiểm soát, tức giận.
Ex: If he says that again, I’ll blow up.
- To enlarge (photo…): mở rộng (bức ảnh).
- To scold sb: trách mắng.
Ex: She blew me up for arriving late.
• blame st on sb: declare that sb is responsible for a fault or wrong: đổ lỗi cái gì cho ai.
Ex: Hugh blames his lack of confidence on his mother.
• Blame sb for st: assign the responsibility for a bad situation to sb: đổ lỗi cho ai về điều gì.
Ex: Hugh blames his mother for his lack of confidence.
• break away: to escape: thoát khỏi.
Ex: He grabbed her, but she managed to break away.
• break down:
- To be overcome with emotion: suy sụp, suy nhược.
Ex: She broke down after her husband died.
- To stop working properly: bị hỏng.
Ex: Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.
- To fail and so come to an end: kết thúc, sụp đổ.
Ex: The talks have broken down.
• break in: interrupt when someone else is talking: ngắt lời.
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Ex: As she was talking, he suddenly broke in, saying, "That's a lie”.
• break into: to begin st suddenly: đột ngột bắt đầu.
Ex: He broke into a run when he saw the police.
• break in/into: to enter (a house…): đột nhập.
Ex: Someone tried to break into the house.
• break off:
- separate a part from a larger piece: lấy ra một phần, long ra, rời ra.
Ex: She broke off a square of chocolate and gave it to her dog.
- To end or discontinue st (especially a relationship): cắt đứt quan hệ.
- She returned the ring and they broke off their engagement.
• break out:
- To start suddenly: bùng nổ.
Ex: They're worried that war will break down.
- To escape (from prison, restriction…): trốn thoát (tù…).
Ex: A prisoner has broken out.
• break up:
- Divide or break into pieces: chia nhỏ.
Ex: The sheet of ice is breaking up.
- To finish or end: kết thúc.
Ex: The meeting broke up at 4.40.
- (of a couple in a relationship) part company: chia tay.
Ex: Sam and Diane broke up again. What a rocky relationship!
• break through: make or force a way through (a barrier): vượt rào.
Ex: High waves broke through the barrier beach.
• break with:
- To quarrel with and so stop being connected with: tuyệt giao.
Ex: He broke with the Labour Party in 1968.
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- To depart from; to cease to follow.
Ex: He broke with tradition and married a girl of a different race.
• bring about: to cause: gây ra.
Ex: His disregard for danger brought about his death.
• bring sb/st along: take someone or something with you: mang theo.
Ex: Can I bring a friend along to the party?
• bring sb around: persuade sb: thuyết phục.
Ex: It took me ages to bring him around to my point of view.
• bring back:
- To return: mang trả lại.
Ex: May I borrow your pen? I’ll bring it back tomorrow.
- make someone think about something from the past: gợi nhớ lại.
Ex: Visiting my old school brought back memories of when I was a pupil there.
• bring down: to cause to fall: hạ xuống.
Ex: They've really brought down the price of DVD players.
• bring forward:
- To cause to be discussed: gây tranh cãi.
Ex: They will consider the suggestions which you have brought forward.
- To cause to happen earlier: làm xảy ra nhanh hơn, sớm hơn.
Ex: They have brought it forward by one week.
• bring in:
- To Introduce a new law or product: đưa ra (luật, sản phẩm).
Ex: They will bring in a parliamentary bill.
- To produce as profit: mang lại, thu vào lợi nhuận.
Ex: His books are bringing in thousands of dollars.
- give a decision in court: tuyên án.
Ex: They brought in a verdict of guilty.
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• bring off: to achieve (st attempted): đạt được.
Ex: No one thought she'd manage to do it, but she brought it off in the end.
• bring on:
- To cause st to happen: gây ra.
Ex: I think the loud music brought my headache on.
- To help to develop: làm phát triển.
Ex: Her new piano teacher has really brought her on.
• bring out:
- To make clear, to reveal: làm sáng tỏ.
Ex: He brought out the weaknesses of her theory.
- To publish: xuất bản.
Ex: He brings a new book out every year.
• bring round:
- make someone become conscious again: làm hồi tỉnh.
Ex: He lost consciousness after the fall, and they were unable to bring him round.
- to persuade: thuyết phục.
Ex: We’ll bring him round to the idea.
• bring st up: raise a matter for discussion: đề cập đến.
Ex: I didn't want to bring up the fact that she was unemployed.
• bring up sb: to rear or educate: nuôi nấng.
Ex: Sam was brought up in South Carolina.
• buck up:
- To hurry: nhanh lên, vội vàng.
Ex: You’d better buck up if you want to catch the bus.
- To cheer up: làm vui lên.
Ex: The good news will buck her up.
- To improve: cải thiện.
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Ex: Buck up your ideas or you’ll be out of a job.
• build up:
- To increase (the size, extent of): tăng kích cỡ.
Ex: The traffic begins to build up around 5 o’clock.
- To strengthen gradually: làm mạnh hơn.
Ex: His father bulit up that grocery business from nothing.
- To speak with great enthusiasm about sb:
Ex: They bulit him up until I couldn’t wait to meet him.
• bump into: to meet by accident: tình cờ gặp.
Ex: I bumped into him the other day in the street.
• burn down: to destroy or be destroyed by fire: thiêu rụi.
Ex: The children burned the house down while playing with matches.
• burn off: to remove a substance using heat: loại bỏ cái gì bằng sức nóng.
Ex: I burn off a lot of calories in the gym.
• burn into: Brand or imprint (something) with an image by burning: khắc sâu vào tâm trí.
Ex: The images would be burned in her mind for as long as she was alive.
• burn out:
- To become completely extinguished ; to be no longer burning: đốt cháy hết.
Ex: The flames have burned out now.
- Ruin one's health or become completely exhausted through overwork: kiệt sức do làm quá
sức.
Ex: Mentally ill people burn out and cease to be creative.
• burst into/through: to come or go suddenly or violently: đến một cách đột ngột.
Ex: She burst in to tears.
The gumman burst through the door.
• butt in: to interrupt or interfere: ngắt lời, can thiệp.
Ex: Don’t butt in while I’m speaking.
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• buy off: to bribe: đút lót, mua chuộc.
Ex: The gangster’s friends bought off the police witness
• buy out: to buy completely (a company’s shares…): mua hết (cổ phiếu…).
Ex: The large company expanded by buying out several smaller ones.
• buy up: to buy in large quantities: mua số lượng nhiều.
Ex: I’ve bought up all the houses in this street.
3. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng C
• call at: (of a train, ship or coach) stop at (a specified station) :đỗ, đậu ở.
Ex: Our ship will call at seven ports during the voyage.
• call back: return to a place in order to see someone or collect something: quay lại để gặp
ai đó, hoặc lấy thứ gì.
Ex: She said she'd call back later to pick up that report.
• call sb down: Reprimand someone: trách mắng.
Ex: She was a good student, and she couldn't figure out why she was called down.
• call for:
- to demand or require: yêu cầu, đòi hỏi.
Ex: The report calls for an audit of endangered species.
- to collect sb: đón ai.
Ex: I'll call for you around seven.
• call in:
- to ask to come: mời vào, mời đến.
Ex: Call in the doctor!
- to request the return of : thu về.
Ex: The Board of Commissioners of Currency has called in all the old one-dollar notes.
• call off:
- to cancel: hủy bỏ.
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Ex: She accepted the invitation to the party, but called off at the last minute.
- to order (a dog…) to stop attacking sb: ra lệnh (con chó…) ngừng tấn công ai.
Ex: He called off the dogs before they really injured their victims.
• call on:
- to visit: thăm ai.
Ex: I will call on our new neighbor tomorrow.
- to summon or gather together: huy động, gom lại.
Ex: Call on all one’s resources.
- to appeal to: thỉnh cầu.
Ex: They called on God for help.
- to ask (sb) formally to do st: yêu cầu ai làm gì một cách trịnh trọng.
Ex: They're calling on all men and boys over the age of 14 to join the army.
• call out:
- to instruct workers to come on strike: Kêu gọi công nhân đình công.
Ex: The union has called out the electricity workers.
- to summon or bring into operation: huy động ai để giải quyết trường hợp khẩn cấp.
Ex: The army was called out to deal with the riot.
• call up:
- call service especially in the armed forces: gọi nhập ngũ.
Ex: They have called up more than 20,000 reservists.
- to telephone sb: gọi điện cho ai.
Ex: I have a list of people to call up in the morning.
- to bring to memory; to recall: gợi nhớ lại, hồi tưởng.
Ex: Seeing the children playing called up memories of my own childhood.
• calm down: to make or become calm: giữ bình tĩnh.
Ex: He tried to calm her down by giving her some brandy.
• care for:
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- to look after sb: chăm sóc ai.
Ex: The nurse will care for you from now on.
- to be fond of: quan tâm.
Ex: I don’t care for flowers very much.
• carry off:
- to take away by carrying: mang đi.
Ex: She carried off the screaming child.
- to succeed in (a difficult situation ...): thành công (trong tình huống khó..).
Ex: It was a difficult moment, but he carried it off well.
• carry out: to accomplish or successfully finish: tiến hành, thực hiện.
Ex: He carried out the plan successfully.
• carry on:
- to continue: tiếp tục.
Ex: They must carry on working.
- to manage (a business...): điều hành.
Ex: He carries on a business as a greengrocer.
- To behave badly: có thái độ kì quặc, cư xử không tốt.
Ex: The children always carry on when the teacher’s out of the classroom.
- To have a love affair with: tán tỉnh.
Ex: She’s been carrying on with the milkman.
• catch on:
- to become popular: nổi tiếng.
Ex: Long dresses have really caught on.
- to understand: hiểu được.
Ex: He’s a bit slow to catch on.
• catch out:
- put someone in a difficult situation: làm khó ai.
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Ex: The last question in the exam caught them all out.
- detect that someone has done something wrong or made a mistake: bắt bẻ lỗi.
Ex: The examiner will try to catch you out, so stay calm and think carefully before you
speak.
• catch up:
- to come level with: theo kịp, đuổi kịp.
Ex: We caught him up at the corner although he was walking very fast.
- to do or finish what has not been done: hoàn thành công việc chưa xong.
Ex: I’ll not be able to catch up with my work now.
- to take hastily: mang đi vội vã.
Ex: I caught up my cases and dashed to the railway station but I missed the train.
• check in:
- to arrive (at hotel) and sign the register: đến khách sạn và đặt phòng.
Ex: We checked in last night.
- to book a room for sb at hotel: đặt phòng trước cho ai.
Ex: He checked us in at the Mandarin Hotel.
- to hand in: cầm.
Ex: We’ll check in our luggage and go and have a meal.
• check out:
- to leave (a hotel), paying one’s bill: trả phòng.
Ex: You must check out before 12 o’clock.
- to test or examine: kiểm tra.
Ex: I’ll check out your version of the events.
• check up on: to investigate to see if sb or st is reliable, true: kiểm tra độ đáng tin.
Ex: Have you been checking up on me?
• cheer up: to make or become more cheerful: làm vui lên.
Ex: He cheered up when he saw her.
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• clean up:
- to clean thoroughly: dọn sạch, (trời) quang đãng, làm sáng sủa hơn…
Ex: She cleaned the room up after they went home.
- to make a huge profit: tạo lợi nhuận lớn.
Ex: They cleaned up on their business deals.
• clear off:
- to get rid of, to pay: trả lại, loại bỏ.
Ex: You must clear off your account before we give you any more credit.
- to go away, to leave: rời bỏ.
Ex: He cleared off without saying a word.
• climb down:
- to go down or towards the bottom of (a mountain,....): xuống núi…
Ex: It was difficult to climb down the cliff.
- to accept defeat; to take back what one has said: nhượng bộ.
Ex: He eventually climbed down and accepted our decision.
• close up:
- to come or bring closer together: đến gần hơn.
Ex: He closed up the space between the lines of print.
- to shut completely: đóng hoàn toàn.
Ex: He closed up the house when he went on holiday.
• come about: happen: xảy ra.
Ex: How did that come about?
• come across:
- to meet or find by chance: tình cờ gặp.
Ex: I came across these old photos recently.
- to be understood or appreciated: được thông hiểu, được đánh giá tốt.
Ex: His speed came across well.
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• come along:
- to progress: tiến triển.
Ex: How are things coming along?
- used to tell sb to hurry: dùng để nói ai nhanh lên.
Ex: Do come along! I’m in a hurry.
• come back: to return to a place: quay trở lại.
Ex: I left work and came back home early.
• come between: to separate or make unfriendly: chia rẽ.
Ex: We shouldn’t let a little thing like this come between us.
• come by: to get or obtain: đạt được.
Ex: It's unclear how he came by his wealth.
• come down:
- to decrease or become less: giảm.
Ex: House prices have come down recently.
- to fall and land on the ground: rơi xuống đất.
Ex: The rain came down heavily all day.
- to feel less excited after a very enjoyable experience: cảm giác ít thích thú.
Ex: The drug had worn off and I could feel myself coming down.
• come down on: to punish someone or treat someone severely: chỉ trích gay gắt.
Ex: She came down on me like a ton of bricks.
• come from: to have been born in, made in: đến từ, xuất xứ từ.
Ex: Where did this old book come from?
• come in:
- to enter a room or building: bước vào.
Ex: Try not to wake the whole house when you come in!
- join or become involved in an enterprise: tham gia vào (doanh nghiệp..).
Ex: I agreed to come in on the project.
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- (of a tide) rise; flow: thủy triều dâng lên.
Ex: The tide was coming in.
• come into: to inherit: thừa hưởng.
Ex: She’ll come into all her father’s money when he dies.
• come off:
- to happen (successfully): xảy ra (thành công).
Ex: The gamble didn’t come off.
- to finish: hoàn thành.
Ex: He was unsuccessful at first but he came off quite well in the end.
• come out:
- to become know: lộ ra, xuất hiện.
Ex: The truth finally came out.
- to be published: xuất bản.
Ex: This newspaper comes out once a week.
- to strike: đình công.
Ex: The men have come out (on strike).
- (of a photo) to be developed: rửa ảnh.
Ex: This photograph has come out very well.
- to be shown (in a photograph): xuất hiện trong ảnh.
Ex: You came out very well in the photos he took.
- to decide: quyết định.
Ex: He came out in favour of the death penalty.
- to be removed: xóa khỏi.
Ex: This dirty mark won’t come out.
- to be solved: được giải quyết.
Ex: My calculations don’t come out.
• come round:
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- to visit: thăm ai.
Ex: Come round and see us soon.
- to regain consciousness: làm hồi tỉnh.
Ex: He won’t come round for 20 minutes at least.
- to be persuaded to accept st: thuyết phục ai chấp nhận.
Ex: He’ll come round eventually (to your way of thinking).
• come through: to stay alive or survive: sống sót.
Ex: Will he come through all right after the operation?
• come up to: to reach: đạt đến.
Ex: This piece odd work doesn’t come up to your usual high standard.
• come up with: to think of, to produce: nảy ra, nghĩ ra, sản xuất ra.
Ex: He has come up with a good idea.
• contribute to: to help to cause to happen: đóng góp vào.
Ex: His gambling contributed to his downfall.
• count on/(formal) upon: to rely on: dựa vào.
Ex: I’m counting on you to persuade her.
• cool down:
- to make or become less warm: làm lạnh.
Ex: Let your food cool down a bit.
- to make or become less excited or less emotional: bình tĩnh lại.
Ex: He was very angry but he’s cooled down a bit now.
• cool off: to become less enthusiastic: ít nhiệt tình hơn.
Ex: He used to love her very much but he has cooled off now.
• crack up: to break into pieces, to come unable to continue: phá vỡ.
Ex: If he works as hard as this all time, he’ll eventually crack up.
• cross out: to draw a line through: gạch.
Ex: He crossed out all her mistakes.
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• cut across:
- to pass in front of: chắn ngang đằng trước.
Ex: The lorry cut across (the path of) the little car.
- to interfere with or disagree with: can thiệp vào hoặc không đồng tình với.
Ex: His ideas cut across my own on this subject.
- to take a shorter route by way of: đi tắt.
Ex: He cut across the grass so as not to be late.
• cut back: to reduce considerably: giảm đáng kể.
Ex: The government cut back on public spending.
• cut down:
- to cause to fall by cutting: đốn ngã.
Ex: He has cut down the apple tree.
- to reduce (an amount taken...): giảm lượng thu vào.
Ex: I haven’t give up smoking but I’m cutting down.
• cut in: to interrupt: ngắt lời.
Ex: She cut in with a remark.
• cut off:
-cắt (điện, nước), ngắt
- to interrupt or break a telephone connection: ngắt cuộc điện thoại.
Ex: I was cut off in the middle of telephone call.
- to separate: cắt đứt liên lạc.
Ex: They were cut off from the rest of the army by the enemy.
- to leave (someone) nothing in a will: không để lại gì trong di chúc.
Ex: He cut his daughters off without a cent.
• cut out:
- to break off or divide by cutting: cắt ra.
Ex: The child cut the pictures out of the magazine.
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- to stop or put an end to: ngưng hay chấm dứt.
Ex: Cut out all the noise!
He’s cut out cigarettes - I’ve cut them out too.
4. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng D
• dash off:
- to write hurriedly and without much care: làm nhanh, làm vội.
Ex: I dashed off a letter or two while I was waiting.
- to leave or move away in a hurry: rời đi nhanh chóng.
Ex: I must dash off to the shop before it shuts.
• deal with:
- to be concerned with; to discuss: bàn về cái gì, đề cập đến.
Ex: This book deals with methods of teaching English.
- to take action about, especially in order to solve a problem: giải quyết.
Ex: I want to deal with this letter before doing anything else.
• depend on/upon:
- to rely on: dựa vào, phụ thuộc vào.
Ex: You can’t depend on his arriving on time.
- to be decided by: được quyết định bởi.
Ex: Whether I come on Tuesday or not depends on the amount of work I get through
before then.
❖ DIE
• die away: to fade from sight or hearing: mờ dần.
Ex: The sound died away into the distance.
• die down: to lose strength or power: mất dần sức mạnh.
Ex: I think the wind has died down a bit.
• die off: to die quickly or in large numbers: chết nhanh và số lượng nhiều.
Ex: Herds of cattle were dying off because of the drought.
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• die of illness: chết vì bệnh.
Ex: My grandfather died of a heart attack.
• die from wound: chết vì vết thương.
Ex: The old man died from a car accident.
• die out: become extinct: tuyệt chủng.
Ex: Many species died out.
• discourage from: to persuade against: ngăn cản.
Ex: The rain discouraged him from going camping.
• discriminate between: to make a different between: phân biệt.
Ex: It’s sometimes difficult to discriminate between real and pretended cases of need.
• dispose of: to get rid of: loại bỏ.
Ex: He disposed of the arguments against his plan in two sentences.
• distinguish between: to recognize a different between: phân biệt.
Ex: I can’t distinguish between the two types- they both look the same to me.
• do away with: to get rid of: loại bỏ.
Ex: They did away with uniforms at that school years ago.
• do down: to cheat or overcome in some away:lừa ai
Ex: He enjoys doing other people down.
• do for:
- to kill or cause the end of: giết, gây ra sự chấm dứt của.
Ex: The coming of television did for the cheap cinemas.
- to do housework for: làm việc nội trợ cho.
Ex: Mrs. Brown comes in twice a week to do for us.
• do out: to clean thoroughly: dọn sạch.
Ex: I spent the morning doing out the living room.
• do without: manage without having st: làm việc mà không có thứ gì.
Ex: We’ll just have to do without a phone.
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• draw back: choose not to do something that one was expected to do: rút lui.
Ex: The government has drawn back from attempting reform.
• draw on:
- to use st as a source: dùng cái gì như một nguồn, cầu đến.
Ex: He drew on his imagination for a lot of details.
- to pull on: lấy ra.
Ex: He drew on his gloves.
- to come nearer: đến gần hơn.
Ex: Night drew on and it was soon quite dark.
• draw out:
- take money from a bank: rút tiền.
Ex: I drew out a hundred dollars yesterday.
- to make long or longer than necessary: kéo dài ra.
Ex: We drew out the journey as much as we could but we still arrived early.
- to encourage to become less shy: khuyến khích ai mạnh dạn hơn.
Ex: He sits silently in a corner unless someone takes the trouble to draw him out.
• draw up:
- to stop (car..): dừng xe.
Ex: We drew up outside their house.
- to arrange in an acceptable form or order: xếp thành hàng.
Ex: They drew up the soldiers in line.
- to move closer: lại gần.
Ex: Draw up a chair!
• dream up: To invent: phát minh.
Ex: He’s dreamed up some sort of special recipe for fish.
• dress up: Dress in smart or formal clothes: mặc đẹp.
Ex: Don’t dress up specially for the party - just come as you are.
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• drop by: to visit someone casually and without being invited: tạt qua, ghé qua.
Ex: I’ll drop by on my way home if I have time.
• drop in:
- to leave st for sb: để lại cái gì cho ai.
Ex: Just drop the book in when you finish it.
- to arrive to visit sb: đến thăm ai.
Ex: Do drop in if you happen to be passing!
• drop off:
- To become separated or fall off: rơi ra, tách ra.
Ex: I was trying to open the door when the door-handle dropped off.
- To fall asleep: thiu thiu ngủ.
Ex: I was so tired and dropped off in front of the television.
- To become less: trở nên ít hơn, kém hơn.
Ex: Sales have dropped off during the last three months.
- To take somewhere in a vehicle leave him: thả xuống (khỏi xe).
Ex: I’ll drop you off at your house.
• drop out: to withdraw, especially from a course at university…: rời bỏ, ra khỏi, bỏ học.
Ex: She’s dropped out of college.

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1

CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (1)

Ex: look after: chăm sóc

II. PHÂN LOẠI CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ

Có 3 loại cụm động từ:

➢ Cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ (intransitive)

Ex: I have to check in before 8.00.

Ex: She wrote his name down in her notebook.

Ex: He looked after the baby.

III. MỘT SỐ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP

1. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng A

• abide by: to according to, to be faithful to: tuân theo.

Ex: They must abide by the rules of the game.

• abstain from: not to do, take: tránh làm điều gì.

Ex: He abstained from voting in the election.

• accede to = agree: đồng ý.

Ex: He acceded to my request.

• account for = explain: giải thích.

Ex: His illness accounts for his absence.

Ex: He was accused of murdering his wife's lover.

• adhere to: stick to: dính vào, bám vào.

Ex: This tape doesn’t adhere to the floor very well.

• add to: to increase: thêm vào, tăng thêm.

Ex: The news added to our happiness.

• add up = total: tính tổng.

Ex: I added up the receipts and it totaled $135.46.

• add up to + an amount: amount to: tổng lên đến.

Ex: The total expenses added up to $325.00.

Ex: He soon adjusted to his new way of life.

• admit sb/st to st: allow (someone) to enter a place: nhận ai vào….

Ex: She was admitted to hospital suffering from a chest infection.

• admire sb/st for: respect: ngưỡng mộ ai.

Ex: He is aiming for the top of his profession.

Ex: The police have found a man answering to that description.

• appeal to sb: be attractive or interesting: hấp dẫn ai.

Ex: The idea of camping has never appealed to me.

Ex: Police are appealing for information about the incident.

Ex: We apologized to him for our error.

Ex: He applied for financial help.

• approve of: agree with, be pleased with: tán thành.

• arrive at/in : to reach: đến.

Ex: We arrive at the station as the train was leaving.

They arrived in Ha Noi at night.

• assist (sb) in/with st: help: hỗ trợ.

Ex: Two men are assisting the police in their enquiries.

• assist at: be present: tham dự.

Ex: Tomorrow, he will assist at the graduation ceremony.

Ex: When he telephoned, he asked for you.

• ask for st: demand: đòi hỏi.

Ex: Don't be afraid to ask for advice.

Ex: I made a mess of the interview and I wasn't asked back.

Ex: She's asked Steve out to the cinema this evening.

• attend to: to listen or pay attention to: chú ý.

Ex: Attend carefully to what the lecturer is saying!

2. Cụm động từ bắt đầu bằng B

• back away: to move backwards: lùi lại, rút.

Ex: She saw that he had a gun and backed away.

Ex: Jane never backs down. She always wins arguments.

Ex: You agreed to come. You can't back out now!

• back sb up: to support or encourage: ủng hộ.

Ex: His mother backed him up on everything.

• back up: to drive a vehicle backward: lùi xe lại phía sau.

Ex: Could you back up a little so I can open this drawer?