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3. 受動態【ver.2】
3. 受動態【ver.2】
受動態
能動態 vs 受動態
We canʼt solve the problem. 私たちはその問題を解決できない。
≠ The problem canʼt be solved. その問題は解決できない。
受動態が好まれる場合
This bridge was built in 1988. この橋は 1988 年に造られた。
助動詞+受動態:(助) be done
His new movie will be released in May. 彼の新しい映画は 5 ⽉に公開されるだろう。
The goods will have been sent to you by next week. 商品は来週までにあなたのところへ送られているだろう。
1. 受動態の基本 2. 受動態が好まれる場合
[1] 受動態とは S+be 動詞+過去分詞 の構造のことで [1] 動作主が分からない/はっきりしないとき
「S は〜される/された」という受け⾝の意味を表す [2] 動作主をわざわざ⾔う必要がないとき
[2] 能動態の⽂の⽬的語が、受動態では主語の位置へ [3] 動作を受ける側を話題の中⼼にしたいとき
と移動する ※ Subject (= S)とは、
「主語」であり「話題」でもある
1
3. 受動態
SVO1O2+受動態
give 型
Mary was given a gold medal. メアリーは⾦メダルを授与された。
buy 型
This bag was bought for me by my grandmother. このバッグは祖⺟が私のために買ってくれた。
SVOC+受動態
The baby was named Catherine by her parents. その⾚ちゃんは両親にキャサリンと名づけられた。
The cat was found lying on the fence by her. そのネコは柵の上で 寝そべっているところを 彼⼥に
⾒つけられた。
SVO 原形+受動態
Tom saw Mary get out of the car. トムはメアリーが⾞から出るところを⾒た。
→ Mary was seen to get out of the car by Tom → メアリーはトムに⾞から出るところを⾒られた。
2
3. 受動態
群動詞+受動態
I was spoken to by a foreigner this morning. 今朝、私は外国⼈に話しかけられた。
be 動詞以外の動詞+受動態
I became acquainted with a young man from Sydney. 私はシドニー出⾝の若者と知り合いになった。
疑問詞疑問⽂+受動態
When was the building built? そのビルはいつ建てられたのですか。
How long will you have been married next year? 来年で結婚してどれくらいになるのですか。
能動受動態
His latest novel is selling well. 彼の最新の⼩説はよく売れている。
3
3. 受動態
受動態+by 以外の前置詞
受動態+with 道路は雪で覆われている。
The road is covered with snow.
店は買い物客でいっぱいだった。
The store was filled with shoppers.
私はその結果に満⾜している。
Iʼm satisfied with the results.
受動態+in
He was injured in last nightʼs game. 彼は昨夜の試合でけがをした。
受動態+to
She is married to a colleague. 彼⼥は同僚と結婚している。
受動態+at
We were surprised at the news. 私たちはその知らせに驚いた。
be made of/from
My house is made of wood. 私の家は⽊造だ[私の家は⽊材からできている]
。
4
3. 受動態
be known as/to/for/by
The fact is known to everyone. その事実はみんなに知られている。
5
3. 受動態
6
3. 受動態
ランダムチェック
7
3. 受動態
解答
1. The cat was found lying on the fence by her. 26. It is thought that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
2. The teacher was disappointed at [with] Jimʼs Birds are thought to have evolved from dinosaurs.
answer. 27. Germs cannot be seen with the naked eye.
3. The goods will have been sent to you by next week. 28. His latest novel is selling well.
4. Who was the record broken by? 29. This bag was bought for me by my grandmother.
By whom was the record broken? 30. I was caught in a shower on my way home.
5. The fact is known to everyone. 31. It is believed that seven is a lucky number.
6. The store was filled with shoppers. Seven is believed to be a lucky number.
7. The baby was named Catherine by her parents. 32. Mary was given a gold medal.
8. A gold medal was given to Mary. 33. She will get married to a colleague.
9. I was spoken to by a foreigner this morning. 34. Who was the letter written to?
10. The road is covered with snow. To whom was the letter written?
11. The robot is being made now. 35. She is married to a colleague.
12. The boy was laughed at by his classmates. 36. This bridge was built in 1988.
13. When was the building built? 37. Iʼm more interested in literature than history.
14. It is said that he is very rich. 38. The city is known for its beauty.
He is said to be very rich. 39. The TV had been repaired when I came home.
15. The company is supported by the people who work 40. I was allowed to study abroad by my parents.
there. 41. Donʼt touch the wall. It has just been painted.
16. What was hidden under the stone? 42. We were surprised at the news.
17. A man is known by the company he keeps. 43. The sign reads “No littering, please.”
18. Iʼm satisfied with the results. 44. Mary was seen to get out of the car by Tom
19. How long will you have been married next year? 45. His father is engaged in agriculture.
20. My house is made of wood. 46. I became acquainted with a young man from Sydney.
21. His new movie will be released in May. 47. Tom knocked on the door. It was opened by an old
22. Paper is made from wood. man.
23. He felt that he was being watched. 48. Three people were killed in the accident.
24. He was injured in last nightʼs game. 49. Please remain seated until the bell rings.
25. McDonaldʼs is known as a leading fast-food chain. 50. Small children should be taken good care of.