Unit IV : Integral Calculus

DUIS (Rule-2)

Faculty of Mathematics
Department of Applied Science and Humanities
Differentiation Under Integral Sign (DUIS)
Rule-2
𝑏(𝛼)
𝐼 𝛼 =න 𝑓 𝑥, 𝛼 𝑑𝑥
𝑎(𝛼)
Where 𝑎, & 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝛼 and 𝛼 is parameter.
If we want to differentiate 𝐼 𝛼 w r. to 𝛼 then we have to differentiate
Integral using Leibnitz’s rule Differentiate Differentiate
Upper Limit Upper Limit

𝑑 𝑏(𝛼) 𝑏 𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝛼) 𝑑𝑏 𝑑𝑎
‫׬‬𝑎(𝛼)
𝑓 𝑥, 𝛼 𝑑𝑥 = ‫𝑥𝑑 𝛼𝜕 𝑎׬‬ + 𝑓 𝑏 𝛼 ,𝛼 − 𝑓 𝑎 𝛼 ,𝛼
𝑑𝛼 𝑑𝛼 𝑑𝛼
Put in place of Put in place of
𝑥 , Upper Limit 𝑥 , lower Limit
 𝜋/2𝑎 sin 𝑎𝑥
1. Show that 𝑓 𝑎 = ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is independent of 𝑎.
Solution: Let
𝜋/2𝑎 sin 𝑎𝑥
𝑓 𝑎 = ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (1)
Differentiate w. r. to 𝑎 using DUIS rule-2 as limits are function of 𝑎,
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑓 𝜋/2𝑎
𝜕 sin 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑎 𝑑 sin 𝑎 𝑑
=න 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑎 2𝑎 − 6𝑎 6𝑎
𝑑𝑎 𝜕𝑎 𝑥 𝜋 𝑑𝑎 𝜋 𝑑𝑎
𝜋/6𝑎
2𝑎 6𝑎
𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑓 𝜋/2𝑎 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑥 sin 2 (−𝜋) sin 𝑎 6𝑎 (−𝜋)
= ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑑𝑥 + 𝜋 − 𝜋
𝑑𝑎 𝑥 2𝑎2 6𝑎2
2𝑎 6𝑎
 𝑑𝑓 𝜋/2𝑎 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − sin + sin
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6

𝜋
𝑑𝑓 sin 𝑎𝑥 2𝑎 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= 𝜋 − sin + sin
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6
6𝑎

𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑓 sin 𝑎 2𝑎 sin 𝑎 6𝑎 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= − − sin + sin
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6

𝑑𝑓 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= sin − sin − sin + sin =0
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6 𝑎 2 𝑎 6

𝑑𝑓
As = 0 ⇒ 𝑓 𝑎 is independent of 𝑎.
𝑑𝑎
 𝑥 2𝐺 𝑑3 𝑓
2. If 𝑓 𝑥 = ‫𝑎׬‬ 𝑥−𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 then show that − 2𝐺 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 3
Solution: Let
𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = ‫𝑎׬‬ 𝑥 − 𝑡 2 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (1)
Differentiate w. r. to x using DUIS rule-2 as limits are function of x
𝑥
𝑑𝑓 𝜕 2𝐺 2𝐺
𝑑𝑥
=න 𝑥−𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 𝑥
= ‫ 𝑎׬‬2 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (2)
𝑑𝑥

Apply DUIS Rule-2 again

𝑥
𝑑2 𝑓 𝜕
2
=න 2 𝑥−𝑡 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝜕𝑥
 𝑑2 𝑓 𝑥 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
= ‫𝑥𝜕 𝑎׬‬ 2 𝑥−𝑡 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝐺 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝑑2 𝑓
2
= න 2𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎

Apply DUIS Rule-2 again

𝑑3 𝑓 𝑥 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
= ‫𝑥𝜕 𝑎׬‬ 2𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝐺 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

Hence

𝑑3 𝑓
− 2𝐺 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 3
 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦
3. If 𝑦 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 then show that + 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution: Let
𝑥
𝑦= ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (1)
Differentiate w. r. to x using DUIS rule-2 as limits are function of x
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
=න 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 0 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= ‫׬‬0 𝑎𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (2)
𝑑𝑥
Apply DUIS Rule-2 again
𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝜕
2
=න 𝑎𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝜕𝑥
 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑥 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
= ‫׬‬0 𝜕𝑥 𝑎𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑎𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 2 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
= − න 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 2 0

𝑑2 𝑦 2 𝑦 + 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
= −𝑎
𝑑𝑥 2

Hence proved

𝑑2 𝑦
+ 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2