Curriculo de Pernambuco Educaao de Jovens e Adultos Eja

Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg
Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs
Losaog Cuome`loten
4:45

BGSLTOEMGT ML ZLTOE@D\HG
Zeung Floraqul Xereave Häère
SAHL-BGSLTOEMGTE
Nuhaeoe Derdgse ml Gnavlare Xeotgs
XLHTL]ÅTAG ML LM\HEÂÈG L LXZGT]LX
@erhlng Eomreml Dlzlrre Derrgs
XLHTL]ÅTAE LVLH\]ASE ML MLXLOSGNSA@LO]G ME LM\HEÂÈG
Eoe Hglnfg Salare Xlnve
XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML ZNEOLKE@LO]G L HGGTMLOEÂÈG
Nlgoermg Äoblng ml Xguze Xeotgs
XLHTL]ÅTAE LVLH\]ASE ML LM\HEÂÈG ZTGCAXXAGOEN
@erae ml Ereûkg @lmlargs Xguze
XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML EM@AOAX]TEÂÈG L CAOEOÂEX
Eneèrtaol Clrrlare ml Hervenfg
XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML BLX]ÈG ML TLML
Kgèg Herngs ml Haotre Hfere`de
XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML LXZGT]LX
Malbg Zgrtg Zárlz

MATL]GTAE LVLH\]ASE \OMA@L/ZL BLX]ÈG 4:45-4:48
ZTLXAMLO]L
Oeteoeln Kgsá me Xanve
Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Dlná` ml @erae
SAHL-ZTLXAMLO]L
Eomrlaie Esslilr Eèreotl
Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Aberessu
XLHTL]ETAE ML HGGTMLOEÂÈG ]ÁHOAHE
Creohashg Kgsá E`gra` ml Dratg
Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Apgkuhe
XLHTL]ETAE ML CAOEOÂEX
Zeung Tgdlrtg Xguze Xanve
Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Gnaome
XLHTL]ETAE ML ET]AH\NEÂÈG
Hánag Nlgoln me Xanve
Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml ]ehea`dø
XLHTL]ETAE ML EXX\O]GX K\TÀMAHGX
Znàoag Kgsá ml E`gra` Oltg
Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Zltrgnaoe
XLHTL]ETAE ML HG@\OAHEÂÈG
Ravaeool Cgoslhe me Xanve En`lame
Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg Ecgbemgs me Aobezlare

Xu`årag
EZTLXLO]EÂÈG ............................................................................................................54
5 AO]TGM\ÂÈG .............................................................................................................5=
5.5 E Hgostruâèg mg Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs .5=
5.4 Uul` sèg gs suklatgs me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs7........................................56
5.8 Hgohlpâüls sgdrl g hurràhung .................................................................................4:
5.= Zraohàpags Ogrtlemgrls ............................................................................................44
............................................................................................44
5.< Hg`pltëohaes l Fedanamemls .....................................
....................................................................................4<
...............................................4<
5.<.5 Hg`pltëohaes Blreas ................................................................................43
................................................................................43
5.3 Hgohlpâüls sgdrl gs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl` oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l
Emuntgs ..........................................................................................................................85
5.2 Cgrèâèg Mghlotl ..............................................
...................................................................................................88
.....................................................88
5.6 Evenaeâèg me, pere l hg`g eprlomazebl` - evenaeâèg oe LKE ..................................83

5.1 ]lès treosvlrseas l aotlbremgrls mg hurràhung ......................................................81
5.5: Losaog Cuome`loten oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos L Emuntgs ........................................=1
5.55 G mghu`lotg l sue grbeoazeâèg ................................................................
...........................................................................<5
...........<5
5.54 Tlclrëohaes ............................................................................................................<=
............................................................................................................<=
4 ÅTLE; NAOB\EBLOX ...................................................................................................3:
4.5. Naobueblos ..............................................................................................................3:
..............................................................................................................3:
4.4 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Naobueblos
Naobueblos pere g Losaog Cuome`loten ...................35
4.8 Tlclrëohaes ..............................................................................................................3=
..............................................................................................................3=
4.=. Nàobue Zgrtubulse ..................................................................................................36
..................................................................................................36
4.=.5 E Nàobue Zgrtubulse l slus prlssupgstgs tlørahgs ..................................36
4.=.4 Laxgs lstrutureotls; es pråtahes ml naobuebl` l gs he`pgs ml etueâèg ..31
4.=.8 E Nàobue Zgrtubulse og Losaog Cuome`loten- LKE ...................................28
4.=.= Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Nàobue Zgrtubulse pere g Losaog
Cuome`loten .....................................................
..................................................................................................................2=
.............................................................2=
4.=.< Grbeoazeâèg mg Hurràhung ml Nàobue Zgrtubulse
Zgrtubu lse pere e LKE .....................2<
Nàobue Zgrtubulse - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET)
H\TTAH\NET) .................................26
Nàobue Zgrtubulse - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NE

H\TTAH\NET)
T) .................................5:5

4.=.2 Tlclrëohaes ..............................

.............................................................................................58=
...............................................................58=
4.< Lmuheâèg Càsahe ............................................
......................................................................................................586
..........................................................586
4.<.5 Lmuheâèg Càsahe ............................................................
.......................................................................................586
...........................586
4.<.4 Lmuheâèg Càsahe og Losaog Cuome`loten l e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs
(LKE) .............................................................................................................................581
4.<.8 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Lmuheâèg Càsahe pere g Losaog Cuome`loten
......................................................................................................................................5=4
Lmuheâèg Càsahe - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET) ....................................5==
Lmuheâèg Càsahe - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET) .........
.....................................5<:
............................5<:
4.<.< Tlclrëohaes .............................
.............................................................................................5<6
................................................................5<6
4.3 Nàobue Aobnlse ......................................................
........................................................................................................534
..................................................534
4.3.5 Nàobue Aobnlse oe LKE; ùntanltre`lotg l ùntahunturenameml ................534
4.3.4 Sengrazeâèg me Nàobue Aobnlse og Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg ......................53=
4.3.8 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Nàobue Aobnlse pere g Losaog Cuome`loten
.....................................................................................................................................53=
Nàobue Aobnlse - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET) .......................................536
.......................................536
4.3.< Tlclrëohaes ..............................
.............................................................................................563
...............................................................563
4.2 Ertl .............................................................
........................................................................................................................51:
...........................................................51:
4.2.5 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Ertl pere g Losaog Cuome`loten .............51=
Ertl - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET)
H\TTAH\NET) .....................................................513
Ertl - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET) .......................................................4:8
.......................................................4:8
4.2.8 Tlclrëohaes .............................
.............................................................................................45:
................................................................45:
8. ÅTLE; @E]L@Å]AHE ..............................................................................................45=
8.5 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml @etl`åtahe
@etl`åtahe pere g Losaog Cuome`loten ...............453
8.4 @etl`åtahe ..........................................................................................................452
@etl`åtahe - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMG
(GTBEOA[EMGT
T H\TTAH\NET) .........................................444
@etl`åtahe - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NE
H\TTAH\NET)
T) ...........................................486
8.4.4 Tlclrëohaes ..............................................................................................4<6
..............................................................................................4<6
=. ÅTLE; HAËOHAEX ME OE]\TL[E
OE]\TL[E ..............................................................................434
..............................................................................434
=.5. Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Haëohaes me Oeturlze pere g Losaog Cuome`loten .438
=.4. Haëohaes .............................................

.................................................................................................................43=
....................................................................43=
Haëohaes - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH H\TTAH\NET) \NET) ................................................42:

Haëohaes - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NE

H\TTAH\NET)
T) .................................................423
=.4.4 Tlclrëohaes ..............................
.............................................................................................463
...............................................................463
<. ÅTLE; HAËOHAEX F\@EOEX ....................................................................................41:
....................................................................................41:
<.5 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Haëohaes Fuèoes
Fuèoes pere g Losaog Cuome`loten ......414
<.4 Tlclrëohaes ...................................................
............................................................................................................41=
.........................................................41=
<.8. Blgbrecae ..............................................................................................................416
..............................................................................................................416
<.8.5 Blgbrecae og Losaog Cuome`loten me LKE ..............................................8::
<.8.4 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Blgbrecae pere g Losaog Cuome`loten ....8:8
Blgbrecae - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH
H\TTAH\NET)
\NET) ............................................ 8:3
Blgbrecae - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\N
H\TTAH\NET)
ET) .............................................. 85=
<.8.= Tlclrëohaes ............................................................................................. 84=
<.= Fastørae .................................................................................................................. 846
<.=.5 G Losaog ml Fastørae oe LKE .................................................................... 88:
<.=.4 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes ml Fastørae pere g Losaog Cuome`loten ....... 88=
Fastørae - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\N
H\TTAH\NET)
ET) ............................................... 883
Fastørae - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NE
H\TTAH\NET)
T) ................................................. 8=2
<.=.= Tlclrëohaes ............................................................................................. 83=
3 ÅTLE; LOXAOG TLNABAGXG
TLNABAGXG .......................................................................................
....................................................................................... 836
3.5 Hg`pltëohaes Lsplhàcahes mg Losaog Tlnabagsg pere g Losaog Cuome`loten ........ 82:
3.4 G Losaog Tlnabagsg oe LKE ..................................................................................... 825
Losaog Tlnabagsg - Eogs Aoahaeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NE
H\TTAH\NET)
T) ................................. 82=
Losaog Tlnabagsg - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET) ................................... 821
3.4.4 Tlclrëohaes ............................................................................................ 863
863
CAHFE ]ÁHOAHE ...................................
...........................................................................................................
........................................................................ 81:
81:

EZTLXLO]EÂÈG
E Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg l Lspgrtls ml Zlroe`duhg (XLL-ZL), l` perhlrae hg` e \oaèg

mgs Marablotls @uoahapeas ml Lmuheâèg (\OMA@L/ZL), rlecarèomg slu hg`prgàssg l`
lnedgrer l/gu rlvaser mghu`lotgs hurrahunerls prøprags qul vase` etlomlr es

lsplhacahamemls huntureas, lhgoýàhes l sghaeas ml tgmgs gs(es) lstumeotls, hg`g
te`dá` bereotar-nfls g ehlssg egs marlatgs ml eprlomazebl` prlhgoazemgs plne Desl
Oehagoen Hgù` Hurrahuner (DOHH), lotrlbe ê sghalmeml, hg` breoml lotusaes`g, g
Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs.
Tlsunteotl ml u` prghlssg rlcnlxavg ml hgostruâèg hgnltave, g quen hgotgu hg` èas ml

5.5:: hgotraduaâüls ml prgcassagoeas me lmuheâèg, lstl Hurràhung mlvl graloter g
tredenfg plmebøbahg oes turès me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs (mgreveotl LKE) l`
tgmg g Lstemg e pertar ml 4:45. G mghu`lotg sl rlspenme oe hgohlpâèg ml qul esslburer
e kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs g marlatg e uè lmuheâèg dåsahe vgnteme pere e lèohapeâèg
l e hamemeoae saboacahe dl` èas mg qul bereotar e lssls suklatgs g ehlssg ê lshgne. Aomahe
qul, pgr `lag me prg`gâèg me quenameml l me lquameml, g etloma`lotg lmuhehagoen
prlhase rlsplater es olhlssamemls l hgohrltazer g marlatg ml eprlomlr mgs(es)
mgs (es) lstumeotl
lstumeotls,
s,
hg` vastes ê suplreâèg me lxhnusèg l ê hgostruâèg me kustaâe sghaen.
Ogsse trekltørae ml hgostruâèg hurrahuner rl`gote eg eog ml 4:54, queomg cgre`

pudnahemgs gs Zerä`ltrgs Hurrahunerls lsplhacahe`lotl vgntemgs pere e Lmuheâèg ml
Kgvlos l Emuntgs. Zlroe`duhg cga u` mgs pagolargs og Dresan oe pudnaheâèg ml u`
mghu`lotg gralotemgr vgntemg ê `gmenameml, qul gclrlhlu ês lshgnes sudsàmags pere
qul pumlssl` lstruturer slus hurràhungs l prgkltgs plmebøbahgs, hgosamlreomg gs
praohàpags l es marltrazls rlclrlotls ê LKE. E pertar ml 4:5<, pertahape`gs me mashussèg
sgdrl es vlrsüls prlnaàoerls me DOHH, fg`gngbeme l` 4:52, qul loslkgu, l` 4:56, e
hgostruâèg mg Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg pere g Losaog Cuome`loten. E pertar ml 4:51,
aoahae`gs g prghlssg ml lnedgreâèg mlstl Hurràhung, hg` desl ogs mghu`lotgs kå
fg`gngbemgs.
Hgoteomg hg` maclrlotls lstretábaes, g prghlssg ml hgostruâèg dushgu slr mavlrsg l

e`png, pere qul g èagr oû`lrg pgssàvln ml plssges pumlssl, lcltave`lotl, hgotraduar.
54

Mlsse cgrè, g prghlssg sl mlu pgr `lag me ertahuneâèg lotrl lquapls táhoahes l
prgcassagoeas ml mavlrses aostatuaâüls l lshgnes mes rlmls ùoahapeas l lstemuen, qul
pertahapere` ml mashussüls oes uoamemls ml losaog, ml slàoårags rlbagoeas, ml
wldaoårags l ml hgosunte pûdnahe go-naol. Zlroe`duhg hgostruau, essa`, u` hurràhung
qul vengraze g maångbg hg` e hgùoameml lmuhetave l hg` e sghalmeml, ml `gmg èas
e`png, rlsplateomg es mavlrses amlotamemls mg slu pgvg l gdkltaveomg e hgostruâèg ml
uè sghalmeml navrl, kuste l sgnamårae.
G Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg
Zlroe`du hg mg Losaog Cuome`lo
Cuome`loten
ten pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs
lstå grbeoazemg l` slas hepàtungs; u`, ml heråtlr aotrgmutørag, qul aotlohagoe lxpgr
hgohlpâüls, praohàpags l prlssupgstgs aolrlotls e lste `gmenameml lmuhetave9 l gs
mlèas, u` pere heme årle ml hgoflha`lotg retacaheme plne DOHH, hg` g prgpøsatg ml
mlnaàter hg`pltëohaes l fedanamemls l` heme hg`pgolotl hurrahuner. Olsse
plrsplhtave, g mghu`lotg essu`l u` prgkltg lmuhehagoen, grbeoaze gs sedlrls e slrl`
gdkltgs ml aotlrvloâèg oe sene ml

m l eune l cgrtenlhl e ertahuneâèg, l` rlml, ml maclrlotls
pgnàtahes pûdnahes pere e lmuheâèg dåsahe.
Lsplre`gs, mlste cgrè, qul lstl Hurràhung, hgosteotl`lotl (rl)eprgpraemg plne

hgùoameml lshgner, slke vavlohaemg oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs l hgnedgrl pere e
cgrèâèg ml kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs eutýog`gs, hraetavgs l hràtahgs, qul lxlrâe`
pnloe`lotl sue hamemeoae etave. Essa`, hgosgnamerl`gs, eaome èas, gs eveoâgs me
Lmuheâèg l` Zlroe`duhg.
@erhlng Eomreml Dlzlrre Derrgs Oeteoeln Kgsá me Xanve

Xlhrltårag ml Lmuheâèg l Lspgrtls Zrlsamlotl me \OMA@L/ZL
58

5 AO]TGM\ÂÈG
5.5 E HGOX]T\ÂÈG MG H\TTÀH\NG ML ZLTOE@D\HG ZETE E

LM\HEÂÈG ML KGSLOX L EM\N]GX
Cuome`loten
á uè hgoquaste mgs prgcassagoeas me lmuheâèg l rlcnltl uè herehtlràstahe
herehtlràstahe mes pgnàtahes
hurrahunerls lmuhehagoeas
lmuhehagoeas ml Zlroe`duhg, e sedlr; g zlng plne hgostruâèg ml`ghråtahe
l hgnedgretave, lotrl maclrlotls aostatuaâüls, ml pråtahes lmuhetaves. Ená` massg,
hgosgname u` prghlssg bremuen ml hgostruâèg ml rlclrlohaeas hurrahunerls qul vase` ê
prg`gâèg ml pråtahes èrhemes plng rlsplatg ês lsplhacahamemls l egs praohàpags
ogrtlemgrls ml maclrlotls `gmenamemls.
G mghu`lotg tl` grabl` og Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg pere g Losaog Cuome`loten, g

quen, pgr sue vlz, tl` pgr desl gs Zerä`ltrgs Hurrahunerls ml Zlroe`duhg ‘
‘ ZHZL
(4:54), es Marltrazls Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe ‘
‘ MHO
MHO (4:58) l e Desl
Oehagoen Hgù` Hurrahuner ‘
‘ DOHH pere e Lmuheâèg Aoceotan l pere g Losaog
Cuome`loten, fg`gngbeme l` 4:52.
Og dgkg mlsses prgmuâüls, u` èrhg a`pgrteotl á e Nla ml Marltrazls l Desls me

Lmuheâèg Oehagoen (Nla o» 1.81=/5113), qul aostatuau e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs
(LKE) hg`g `gmenameml ml losaog. E prgùnbeâèg me rlclrame nla loslkgu e lnedgreâèg
ml prgpgstes hurrahunerls, pgr maclrlotls lotls clmlretavgs, qul pessere` e hgohldlr e
LKE hg`g `gmenameml ml losaog cgrèn`lotl aostatuàme, l oèg hg`g uè gclrte
lmuhehagoen `lre`lotl vaohuneme e prgkltgs, prgbreès l eâüls me sghalmeml havan
grbeoazeme. Xèg lxl`pngs massg es Marltrazls Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere e Lmuheâèg ml
ml
Kgvlos l Emuntgs (DTEXAN, 4:::) l e Zrgpgste Hurrahuner Zere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l
Emuntgs ‘
Emuntgs ‘ Losaog
Losaog Cuome`loten - 5» l 4» slb`lotgs (DTEXAN, 4::4).
Og ä`datg mg Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg, pgml-sl `lohagoer e Hgnlâèg Zrgclssgr Herngs

@ehaln; sudsàmags pere e pråtahe plmebøbahe (ZLTOE@D\HG, 5114), marlhagoeme pere g
losaog ml 5» l 4» breus. L`dgre tlofe samg lnedgreme eotls me vabëohae me etuen NMD l,
pgrteotg, oèg hgotl`pnessl e LKE hg`g `gmenameml, lsse prgpgste hurrahuner

rlprlslote uè ltepe a`pgrteotl oe lnedgreâèg mgs rlclrlohaeas hurrahunerls me
5=

lmuheâèg l` Zlroe`duhg, uè vlz qul pgssadanatgu egs(ês) prgclssgrls(es), pgr mues
máhemes, rlcnlxüls ehlrhe ml qulstüls tlørahes l pråtahes pere es ltepes ml losaog.
G rlsplatg l e vengrazeâèg me mavlrsameml mgs etgrls lovgnvamgs og prghlssg lmuhehagoen

te`dá` sl cezl` prlslotls ogs mghu`lotgs hurrahunerls lnedgremg
lnedgremgs,
s, e pertar ml 4::6,
hg` g gdkltavg ml aohgrpgrer es ogves graloteâüls sgdrl e nlbasneâèg rlclrlotl ê
Lmuheâèg Dåsahe l hgotraduar pere `lnfgraes oe quenameml mg losaog l og mlsl`plofg
mgs(es) lstumeotls. Cez pertl mlssl hloårag e Desl Hurrahuner Hgù` pere es rlmls
pûdnahes ml losaog ml Zlroe`duhg/DHH-ZL (Zgrtubuës l @etl`åtahe), hgostruàme l`
hgokuotg hg` e \oaèg Oehagoen mgs Marablotls @uoahapeas ml Lmuheâèg ml Zlroe`duhg/
\OMA@L-ZL l gutres aostatuaâüls mg Lstemg.
Hgocabureomg ogvgs eveoâgs oe hgostruâèg me pgnàtahe hurrahuner og Lstemg, cgre`

lnedgremes es Graloteâüls ]lørahg-@ltgmgnøbahes pere g Losaog Cuome`loten (4:54) l
g Losaog @ámag (4:54), gs Zerä`ltrgs Hurrahunerls me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe ml Zlroe`duhg
(4:54), gs Zerä`ltrgs l` Xene ml Eune (4:58), gs Zerä`ltrgs pere e Cgrèâèg Mghlotl
(4:5=). ]eas mghu`lotgs, vgntemgs pere g etloma`lotg mes lsplhacahamemls me LKE,
eprlslotere` ês rlmls pûdnahes graloteâüls qul hgotl`pneve`, lsplhacahe`lotl, es
amlotamemls mgs suklatgs qul hg`pül` e `gmenameml.
Gutrg sentg quenatetavg mlhgrrl me fg`gngbeâèg me DOHH (Lmuheâèg Aoceotan l Losaog

Cuome`loten), l` 4:52. E pertar me Desl, hgudl egs Lstemgs me Clmlreâèg hraer ‘
‘ gu
rlcgrùner ‘
rlcgrùner ‘ slus
slus Hurràhungs, gdslrveomg gs praohàpags
p raohàpags l es graloteâüls ml huofg tlørahg
l `ltgmgnøbahg aostatuàmgs og mghu`lotg oehagoen. Olssl slotamg, l` 4:56, l`
hu`pra`lotg e lsse prlshraâèg, e Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg l Lspgrtls l e \OMA@L
pudnahe` g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg (ZLTOE@D\HG, 4:51), mghu`lotg rlclrlotl ê
Lmuheâèg Aoceotan l Losaog Cuome`loten, l qul cga eprgvemg plng Hgoslnfg Lstemuen ml
Lmuheâèg ‘
Lmuheâèg ‘ HLL,
HLL, l` mlzl`drg mg `ls`g eog. Ê ápghe, kå fevae g lotloma`lotg l e
mlhasèg ml qul lxastarae` prgpgstes hurrahunerls lsplhàcahes pere es `gmenamemls,
e`peremgs plngs rlclramgs mghu`lotgs.
Hg`g rlsuntemg mlssl prghlssg edreoblotl l prgbrlssavg ml (rl)lnedgreâèg hurrahuner,

emvá` g prlslotl Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâè
Lmuheâèg
g ml
Kgvlos l Emuntgs, qul oèg eploes lstedlnlhl es eprlomazeblos prlvastes pere lsse
5<

`gmenameml, ètlraenazemes l` hg`pltëohaes l fedanamemls pere heme hg`pgolotl

hurrahuner, ès qul dushe lobeker gs maclrlotls suklatgs l` tgrog ml uè hgohlpâèg
sgdrl e LKE l, eg `ls`g tl`pg, gclrlhlr sudsàmags hgosastlotls pere e cgrèâèg
hgotaoueme mgs prgclssgrls me `gmenameml.
Zere qul lstl mghu`lotg etlomlssl, ml cetg, gs eoslags mgs(es) prgclssgrls(es) l

mgs(es) lstumeotls plroe`duheogs(es) mes rlmls pûdnahes l me rlml praveme, e
pertahapeâèg me hgùoameml lshgner qul etue hg` e `gmenameml, marlte gu
aomarlte`lotl, `gstrgu-sl pra`grmaen. Ená` massg, es graloteâüls equa prlslotls
en`lkeve` maengber hg` e pgnàtahe pûdnahe qul sl mlslke a`pneoter l cgrtenlhlr oes
turès me LKE l` tgmg g Lstemg. Maclrlotls lstretábaes ml ertahuneâèg cgre`, pgrteotg,
mlslovgnvames pere prg`gvlrl` e rlcnlxèg l e mashussèg lotrl perls ehlrhe mg tlgr mg
mghu`lotg, hgoclraomg-nfl u` heråtlr èas ml`ghråtahg, pnuren l maenøbahg.
E pra`lare ltepe mg prghlssg sl mlu hg` g Mae M mg Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog

Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs l` lshgnes mes rlmls lstemuen l
ùoahapeas, l` qul gs prgclssgrls me `gmenameml sl mldruâere` sgdrl e Slrsèg
Zrlnaàoer mg mghu`lotg, e ca` ml rlenazerl` hgotraduaâüls ehlrhe mgs grbeoazemgrls
hurrahunerls ml heme hg`pgolotl. Zrgcassagoeas mgs 56= ùoahàpags plroe`duheogs l
ml tgmes es lshgnes me rlml lstemuen qul, ê ápghe, gclrlhae` g Losaog Cuome`loten oe
`gmenameml LKE cgre` hgovghemgs pere hgnedgrer hg` e hgostruâèg mg rlclramg
`g`lotg.
E slbuome ltepe hgosastau l` uè eâèg cgrètave pere g hgrpg mghlotl mes lshgnes me
`gmenameml, hukg gdkltavg praohapen cga lxeàoer hratahe`lotl es hgohlpâüls prlslotls
og mghu`lotg, og slotamg ml prg`gvlr es emlqueâüls
emlqueâüls kunbemes olhlssåraes.
Kå oe tlrhlare ltepe, lotrl gs `lsls ml sltl`drg l gutudrg ml 4:51, cgre` rlenazemgs

haohg Xlàoårags Tlbagoeas mlshlotrenazemgs, pere qul prgcassagoeas me lmuheâèg ml
maclrlotls aostatuaâüls, ml rlmls pûdnahes l me rlml praveme, rlenazessl` u` mldetl
hgnlbaemg, hg` e`pne rlprlslotetavameml, sgdrl es hg`pltëohaes l fedanamemls
prgpgstes pere heme hg`pgolotl hurrahuner. Es maclrlotls rlbaüls mg Lstemg cgre`
rlprlslotemes pgr `lag mgs èas ml =:: prgcassagoeas me lmuheâèg, mes rlmls pûdnahes
l ml aostatuaâüls
a ostatuaâüls pravemes, qul pertahapere` mgs slàoårags.
53

G rlsuntemg mlssl tredenfg cga l`prlbemg hg`g sudsàmag pere e hgostruâèg ml uè
Hgosunte Zûdnahe sgdrl g hurràhung pere e LKE, maspgoadanazeme pgr `lag ml pnetecgrè
mabaten, lotrl gs `lsls ml edran l kuofg ml 4:4: ‘
4:4: ‘ l
l qul pgssadanatgu e tgme e sghalmeml
plroe`duheoe g ehlssg ê àoute mg mghu`lotg. Og tgten, 5.53: hgotraduaâüls eg
mghu`lotg cgre` rlbastremes e pertar me pnetecgrè.
Hedl mlsteher qul g prghlssg ml hgostruâèg mg mghu`lotg edreoblu, eaome, uè sáral
ml lvlotgs go-naol, rlenazemgs hg` g gdkltavg ml e`pnaer g mldetl l` tgrog me prgpgste
hurrahuner l` qulstèg. Mlssl `gmg, es ]lhogngbaes Mabateas me Aocgrèâèg l
Hgùoaheâèg, aohgrpgremes eg prghlssg ml hgostruâèg hgnltave mg Hurràhung ml
Zlroe`duhg, plràtare` e pertahapeâèg ml èas ml 3.6:: `l`drgs me hgùoameml
lshgner ml tgmg g Lstemg.
Zgr ca`, epøs e eoånasl l e aohgrpgreâèg mes hgotraduaâüls prgvloalotls me hgosunte

pûdnahe, g mghu`lotg pessgu plne eprlhaeâèg ml lsplhaenastes mes maclrlotls årles mg
hgoflha`lotg, qul dushere` eplrclaâger g Hurràhung, ê nuz ml mghu`lotgs ogrtlemgrls,
ml praohàpags l ml hgohlpâüls eprgpraemes ê pråtahe plmebøbahe oe LKE.
]gme lsse hgostruâèg hgnltave l mavlrsacaheme prltlomlu lotrlber ê sghalmeml u`

Hurràhung pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs qul pgssadanatessl egs(ês) lstumeotls
plroe`duheogs(es) uè cgrèâèg aotlbren5 l hgosgoeotl hg` gs mlsecags mg ùomg
`gmlrog l hg` es cuoâüls rlperemgre, lquenazemgre l quenacahemgre, prlvastes og
Zerlhlr HOL/HLD 55/4:::, qul trete mes Marltrazls Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas me Lmuheâèg
ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs.
Essa`, lstl mghu`lotg hurrahuner, ogrtlemg, praohapen`lotl, plngs praohàpags me

lmuheâèg pgpuner, plne plmebgbae crlarleoe l plne plrsplhtave plmebøbahe ml
encedltazer nltreomg, hgosamlre
hgosamlre qul g tl`pg l gs `gmgs ml eprlomlr ml heme suklatg sèg
maclrlotls l prlhase` hgotraduar pere sue aoslrâèg l aotlreâèg og `lag l` qul vavl`,
hg`g te`dá` pere sudsamaå-ng oe hgostruâèg ml uè sghalmeml èas kuste l abuenatårae.
Gutrgssa`, mlvlrå slr e rlclrëohae ogs prghlssgs ml eprlomazebl` ml hgoflha`lotgs
5 Lotloml-sl pgr cgrèâèg aotlbren equlne vase eg mlslovgnva`lotg mg slr l` tgmes es sues ma`losüls ‘
sghaen, l`ghagoen, hunturen, lsparatuen l càsahe ‘ oèg eploes hgboatave, hg`prllomlomg qul gs prghlssgs ml
losaog l eprlomazeblos mlvl` slr ogrtlemgs e pertar ml hgotlxtgs, aotlrlssls l olhlssamemls mgs(es)
lstumeotls.
52

lsslohaeas hgostruàmgs eg ngobg me fastørae pere equlnls qul oèg caoenazere` sue
lshgnerazeâèg dåsahe l` ameml eprgpraeme, gu qul tavlre` ehlssg eg sastlè ml losaog
termae`lotl, lxprlsseomg g prgkltg ml sghalmeml l` cevgr mg ehlssg egs marlatgs pgr
tgmgs l ml uè hgovavëohae átahe lotrl tgmes es plssges.
L` sàotlsl, g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg ml

Kgvlos l Emuntgs, equa eprlslotemg, á g rlsuntemg me lshute huamemgse ml mavlrsgs
prgcassagoeas qul etue` oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs mes rlmls pûdnahes l pravemes
ml losaog mg Lstemg, lovgnvamgs olssl prghlssg ml hgostruâèg l a`pnl`loteâèg
hurrahuner, e ca` ml qul sl pgsse hflber e ehgrmgs pgssàvlas og qul sl rlclrl ê
ùntapnahameml ml hgohlpâüls l lxplraëohaes hurrahunerls mlslovgnvames oes rlmls
pûdnahes l pravemes ml losaog mg Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg.
5.4 U\L@ XÈG GX X\KLA]GX ME LM\HEÂÈG ML KGSLOX L EM\N]GX7

EM\N]GX7
]èg a`pgrteotl queotg rlhgoflhlr e olhlssameml ml sl hgostruàrl` graloteâüls

hurrahunerls prøpraes pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs á rlhgoflhlr gs suklatgs e
qul` sl mlstaoe lste `gmenameml, teotg og tl`pg fastørahg queotg l` sue mavlrsameml.
Essa`, slbuomg gs èrhgs nlbeas, gs suklatgs qul hg`pül` e LKE sèg equlnls qul oèg
tavlre` ehlssg egs lstumgs gu oèg mlre` hgotaouameml e lnls ogs Losaogs Cuome`loten
l/gu @ámag oe ameml prøprae
p røprae (NMDLO 1.81=/13).
E mavlrsameml ml suklatgs me `gmenameml oèg sl rlvlne eploes l` tlr`gs blrehagoeas,

uè vlz qul oèg sèg sg`lotl kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs qul e hgostatul`. ]redenfemgrls
]redenfemgrls
l`prlbemgs gu mlsl`prlbemgs, plssges oèg encedltazemes, olbrgs, aomàbloes,
ùnflrls, NBD]s, pgvgs me cngrlste, radlaraofgs, pgpuneâüls he`plsaoes, plssges hg`
mlcahaëohae, plssges pravemes ml nadlrmeml, pgvgs habeogs, aàbreotls, mlotrl teotgs
gutrgs, mlvl` lohgotrer, oe `gmenameml, rlsplatg ês sues olhlssamemls l
gpgrtuoamemls ml lcltaveâèg mg slu marlatg ml eprlomlr.
Á a`pgrteotl rlhgoflhlr qul es plssges kgvlos, emuntes l amgses sèg suklatgs ploseotls
l etueotls oe sghalmeml. Xèg, sgdrltumg, hgocgr`l Salare Zaotg (4:5:), plssges qul kå
hgotradul`, saboacahetave`lotl, pere l oe sghalmeml, oèg eploes pgr slrl`
56

tredenfemgrls(es), ès plng hgokuotg ml eâüls qul lxlrhl` sgdrl u` hàrhung ml

lxastëohae. Emlèas, lsses plssges gclrlhl` uè saboacahetave hgotraduaâèg oe cgrè ml
gnfer, ploser l hgostruar gs lspeâgs oe sghalmeml qul en`lke` pere sues vames l pere
sues ce`ànaes, lsplhaen`lotl og qul teobl ê hgostruâèg ml quen sghalmeml sl prltloml
hgosgnamer. @ls`g oe hgomaâèg ml oèg encedltazemgs, lssls suklatgs
suklatgs lstèg aoslramgs l`
mavlrses pråtahes sghaeas, rlhgrrlomg e maclrlotls clrre`lotes l lstretábaes queomg e
lshrate lstå prlslotl. Zgr gutrg nemg, hedl rlssenter qul eprllomlr es fedanamemls l es
hg`pltëohaes rlclrlotls ê lshrate encedátahe l sues hgovloâüls á u` marlatg. Olsse
marlâèg, g lxlrhàhag pnlog mlssl marlatg saboacahe pere gs suklatgs me LKE uè rlnlveotl
e`pnaeâèg mes sues aoslrâüls l` pråtahes ml nlature l ml lshrate hg` eutgogàe.
Olsse marlâèg, u` mgs esplhtgs a`pgrteotls e slr hgosamlremg, og Hurràhung ml

Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, loqueotg
pråtahe lmuhetave, á emàtar qul tgme lsse mavlrsameml, tèg plhunaer ê `gmenameml, mlvl
slr g pgotg ml pertame pere sl enheoâer gs gdkltavgs ml eprlomazebl

eprlomazebl`
` l pere prg`gvlr
uè cgrèâèg aotlbren fuèoe, hgosamlreomg gs hgoflha`lotgs ml ùomg trezamgs
plngs(es) lstumeotls, uè vlz qul gs sedlrls eprlomamgs l` sues trekltøraes ml vame l
oe hgohrltuml mg mae e mae hggplre` pere e hgostruâèg mg hgoflha`lotg. Gu slke,
lohgotre`gs, oes senes ml eune me LKE, kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs hg` fastøraes ml vame,
grablos, amemls, sgofgs, eprlomazeblos, vavëohaes sghaglhgoýàhes, huntureas l
prgcassagoeas ùatg maclrlotls. L gs sedlrls oèg lshgnerazemgs ‘
‘ e`peremgs
e`peremgs oes sues
pråtahes sghaeas, rlpnltg ml saboacahemgs ‘
saboacahemgs ‘ prlhase`
prlhase` maengber l slrl` pgotgs ml pertame
pere sudsamaer es eprlomazeblos mgs sedlrls lshgnerazemgs. Zere Errgyg (4::<), e
mavlrsameml oe LKE, masteotl ml uè plrsplhtave olbetave, rlcnltl e pnurenameml mgs
maclrlotls brupgs huntureas me sghalmeml, mgs hg`prgàssgs l mes `gtaveâüls pgnàtahes
l plmebøbahes mes àograes qul cgre` lxhnuàmes fastgrahe`lotl.
Maeotl mlsse fltlrgblolameml, surbl uè qulstèg; hg`g namer plmebgbahe`l

plmebgbahe`lotl
otl hg`
teote mavlrsameml7 Gu eaome, hg`g g prgclssgr me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs pgml
mlslovgnvlr u` hurràhung qul hgosamlrl e mavlrsameml ml blreâüls, hg` aotloâüls ml
hraer u` e`dalotl plmebgbahe`lotl fuèoazemgr l cevgråvln ês eprlomazeblos7 Á
hlrtg qul u` hgohlatg a`pgrteotl pere epgoter rlspgstes ês mues plrbuotes hatemes á
g me aotlrblrehag
aotlrblrehagoenameml.
oenameml.
51

Olstl Hurràhung, kunbe-sl e plrsplhtave aotlrblrehagoen hg`g venagse pere sudsamaer es

pråtahes plmebøbahes og hgovàvag lotrl es mavlrses blreâüls prlslotls oe LKE pgr
prg`gvlr, ená` ml dlolcàhags plmebøbahgs, uè vavëohae peuteme ogs vengrls fuèogs,
hg`g epgote @gure (4:56);
Á olssl slotamg qul, l`dgre e mavlrsameml eaome slke hgosamlreme hg`g

mlsabuenmeml oe lmuheâèg, oe LKE á pgssàvln suplrer lstl slotamg lxhnumlotl,
uè vlz qul sèg lstes maclrloâes qul vèg hgotraduar pere e treoscgrèâèg mes
sudkltavamemls l e cgrùneâèg ml gutrgs kgbgs ml vlrmeml qul pravanlbal` e
aèbaoeâèg, hraetavameml, olhlssamemls, lxplhtetaves mlssls suklatgs uoamgs pgr
neâgs aotlrblrehagoeas. (@G\TE, 4:56, p. 41)
Á a`pgrteotl qul g prgclssgr hg`prllome es rlneâüls lxastlotls lotrl hurràhung cgrèn,

hurràhung rlen, hurràhung ghuntg l hurràhung oung, dl` hg`g es ma`losüls ml heme u`, e
ca` ml qul oèg lxaste` mlshg`pessgs lotrl es pråtahes plmebøbahes, es eprlomazeblos
l e rlenameml mgs(es) lstumeotls. Zere teotg, cez-sl olhlssårag qul g hurràhung prgpgstg
hgosamlrl gs tl`pgs l gs lspeâgs ml eprlomazeblos tèg saobunerls oe LKE, l oèg
aoceotanazl gs(es) lstumeotls. Ê vaste massg, e plrsplhtave emgteme olstl mghu`lotg á e
ml qul, mlotrl gutrgs esplhtgs, gs kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs slke` lstaùnemgs e
amlotacaher l e hg`prllomlr sues olhlssamemls, mlslkgs l espareâüls, og slotamg ml
enaofer slus sedlrls egs ogvgs hgostruàmgs oe lshgne, l ml tranfer slu prghlssg ml
lshgnerazeâèg, deslemg l` eprlomazeblos saboacahetaves l l` mavlrses cgrès ml slr,
lster l rlaoslrar-sl og hgotlxtg sghaen l fastørahg.
Maeotl massg, g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg pere e `gmenameml me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l

Emuntgs á hgohldamg oe plrsplhtave ml ehgnflr g kgvl`, g emuntg l g amgsg l` tgme e
sue mavlrsameml, amlotacaheomg pgtlohaenamemls plmebøbahes oes rlneâüls
aotlrblrehagoeass l huntureas qul sl lstedlnlhl` oes pråtahes lshgnerls.
aotlrblrehagoea
5.8 HGOHLZÂÜLX XGDTL G H\TTÀH\NG
A`pnl`loter g hurràhung pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs rlqulr satuå-ng

fastgrahe`lotl, hg`g te`dá` vasnu`drer slus a`pehtgs ogs prghlssgs plmebøbahgs l
oe cgrèâèg mgs(es) lstumeotls. Lxabl eaome e hg`prllosèg ml qul es pråtahes

hurrahunerls oèg sl mèg ml cgrè asgneme, ès të` rlneâèg hg` es ma`losüls sghaen,
4:

lhgoýàhe l hunturen9 l g rlhgoflha`lotg ml qul e mavlrsameml, aolrlotl ê `gmenameml,

mlvl slr hgosamlreme oes aotlreâüls plmebøbahes.
Senl rlssenter qul e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs lxlrhl u` rlnlveotl pepln oe

sghalmeml dresanlare. Ená` ml slr u` marlatg fuèog bereotamg plne Hgostatuaâèg,
hgocabure-sl hg`g uè `gmenameml aohnusave oe plrsplhtave ml esslburer qul tgmgs
pgsse` tlr ehlssg ê lmuheâèg pere ená` me rlpereâèg ml uè màvame
m àvame sghaen.
Á olsse marlâèg qul g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg

ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs hu`prl es sues cuoâüls loqueotg mghu`lotg sastlètazemgr l
cgrèmgr mg hgoflha`lotg sghaen`lotl hgostruàmg, og quen lstumeotls l
prgclssgrls(es) vavlohae` sues pråtahes plmebøbahes, vengrazeomg es lxplraëoh
lxplraëohaes
aes vavames
l rlssaboacaheomg gs hgoflha`lotgs právags.
Hedl mlsteher qul g hurràhung oèg sl trete eploes ml u` hgohlatg tlørahg. Loqueotg u`
mghu`lotg ml amlotameml (XANSE, 4::2), lnl gpgrtuoaze e hraeâèg ml lspeâgs hgohrltgs

ml aohnusèg, ml cene, ml mashussèg, ml tlosüls l ml vasüls ml slr l lster og ùomg. G
hurràhung te`dá` aohlotave e aèbaoer g cuturg e pertar mg qul sl hgosamlre og prlslotl
hg`g eprlomazeblos pere gs(es) lstumeotl
lstumeotlss (XEHTAX]ÅO, 4:58) l plràtl ehrlmater qul
á pgssàvln eveoâer oe marlâèg ml uè sghalmeml èas kuste l `logs mlsabuen.
Olsse marlâèg, es mavlrses cgrès ml hgohldlr g hurràhung, es lsplhacahamemls aolrlotls

ê LKE l e mavlrsameml ml suklatgs etlomamgs pgr lsse `gmenameml me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe
ml`gostre` qul g ploser l g cezlr hurrahuner sèg uè beè ml lxplraëohaes pnureas l
aostabeotls. Hgotumg, aomlplomlotl mes hgocnuëohae

hgocnuëohaess pere lstedlnlh
lstedlnlhlr
lr es lsplhacahe
lsplhacaheâüls
âüls
mlstl mghu`lotg, e hgohlpâèg ml hurràhung emgteme cga e me trekltørae qul mlvl slr
vengrazeme pgr tgmgs gs suklatgs lmuhetavgs me LKE l hg`g u` a`pgrteotl aostru`lotg
lmuhehagoen pere gs prghlssgs ml cgrèâèg fuèoe, l` sue aotlbrenameml, l ml
lèohapeâèg.
Xlbuaomg lssl marlhagoe`lotg, g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere

e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs tg`gu hg`g rlclrëohae es desls lpastl`gnøbahes me
Lmuheâèg Zgpuner, hgosamlreomg lsse hg`g u` èrhg tlørahg l pråtahg pere g hurràhung
mlsse `gmenameml, uè vlz qul kå á rlenazemg u` hgokuotg ml pråtahes l lxplraëohaes
lmuhetaves olsse plrsplhtave oe LKE. E Lmuheâèg Zgpuner á, eg `ls`g tl`pg, uè
45

hgohlpâèg pråtahg-tlørahe l uè `ltgmgngbae ml lmuheâèg qul ertahune gs maclrlotls

sedlrls l pråtahes, es ma`losüls me hunture l mgs marlatgs fuèogs, plràtaomg qul g
maångbg, e pertahapeâèg, e e`grgsameml l e hgoshalotazeâèg slke` denazemgrls ogs
prghlssgs ml losaog l ml eprlomazebl`.
5.= ZTAOHÀZAGX OGT]LEMGTLX

OGT]LEMGTLX
Zgml-sl ecarèr qul uè eune sl herehtlraze hg`g u` lspeâg-tl`pg ml aotlreâèg lotrl
prgclssgrls(es) l lstumeotls, l` tgrog ml gdkltgs ml hgoflha`lotg, qul oèg ghgrrl
l` u` vezag. Olssl slotamg, eg prgpgr lstretábaes ml `gdanazeâèg mgs sedlrls l ml
hgostruâèg mg hgoflha`lotg, g prgclssgr nlve l` hgosamlreâèg
hgosamlreâèg hgohlpâüls, vengrls l
praohàpags qul cuome`lote` l ogrtlae` e lmuheâèg lshgner, hg`g etavameml sastëàhe,
sastëàhe,
l, ml èolare èas hgohrlte, sue prøprae etueâèg.
Oe ehlpâèg kuràmahe,
kuràmahe, praohàpags sèg, pgas, „vlrmemls gu kuàzgs cuome`loteas, qul slrvl`
ml enahlrhl gu ml bereotae ml hlrtlze e u` hgokuotg ml kuàzgs, grmloemgs l` u` sastlè
ml hgohlatgs rlnetavgs e meme pgrâèg me rlenameml‐ (TLENL, 5163, p.3:). ]reospgstg pere
g he`pg lmuhehagoen, g hgohlatg ogs eprlslote e mashussèg sgdrl equang qul mlvl slr
vastg hg`g g enahlrhl me etueâèg mghlotl, equang qul prlhase slr gdslrvemg mlsml e
lnedgreâèg ml uè prgpgste hurrahuner etá g pneolke`lotg l e lxlhuâèg ml etavamemls
oe sene ml eune.
Oèg sèg eploes gs mghu`lotgs hurrahunerls qul mlcaol` praohàpags pere e lmuheâèg
lshgner. E Hgostatuaâèg me Tlpûdnahe Clmlretave mg Dresan lnlohe, l` slu Ertabg 4:3, gs
praohàpags hg` desl ogs queas g losaog mlvlrå slr àoastremg. E`pnaeomg g maspgstg oe
Herte @eboe, e Nla ml Marltrazls l Desls me Lmuheâèg Oehagoen te`dá` lstedlnlhl, l`
slu Ertabg 8», u` rgn ml praohàpags qul mlvl` cuome`loter g losaog l` aostatuaâüls
prøpraes. Eaome l` ä`datg oehagoen, gutrgs
g utrgs mghu`lotgs nlbeas eprlslote` l mashutl`
praohàpags lmuhehagoeas, mlotrl gs queas hu`prl mlsteher es Marltrazls Hurrahunerls
Oehagoeas pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs.
Meme sue rlnlväohae, lssl hgokuotg ml ogâüls cuome`loteas, prlslotl l` maclrlotls

mghu`lotgs ogrtlemgrls l essuàmg hgnltave`lotl, mlvl slr rlhgoflhamg l
44

hgosteotl`lotl (rl)mashutamg plngs prgcassagoeas me lmuheâèg. Assg saboacahe qul mlvl,

te`dá`, lster prlslotls ogs mavlrsgs lspeâgs ml rlcnlxèg l mldetl sgdrl e pråtahe
plmebøbahe.
Olstl mghu`lotg, sèg eprlslotemgs praohàpags ogrtlemgrls mg Hurràhung pere e

`gmenameml LKE. ]rete-sl, pgrteotg, ml uè e`pnaeâèg mgs cuome`lotgs lxprlssgs ogs
mghu`lotgs hatemgs eotlragr`lotl, rlnehagoemgs ê a`pneoteâèg ml uè prgpgste
hurrahuner satueme l` tlr`gs fastørahgs l sghaeas l mlstaoeme ê etueâèg me lshgne pere
suklatgs hgohrltgs; lstumeotls kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs og Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg. Olssl
slotamg, g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos
l Emuntgs mlcaol hg`g laxg ogrtlemgr g cgrtenlha`lotg
cgrtenlha`lotg ml uè sghalmeml ml`ghråtahe,
abuenatårae l sghaen`lotl kuste.
Zere teotg, lssl mghu`lotg emgte hg`g praohàpags gralotemgrls; lquameml l lxhlnëoh
lxhlnëohae,
ae,
cgrèâèg aotlbren, lmuheâèg l` marlatgs fuèogs l aohnusèg. Ngbg, e essuoâèg mlssls
praohàpags oe hgostatuaâèg mg Hurràhung pere LKE hgotradua pere qul e `gmenameml
mlslovgnve sues cuoâüls; rlperemgre, lquenazemgre l quenacahemgre (DTEXAN, 4:::). Assg
rl`ltl eg lotloma`lotg ml qul gs(es) lstumeotls l, ml cgrè lsplhàcahe, gs(es)
lstumeotls me LKE, të` marlatg ês eprlomazeblos, hedlomg eg sastlè lmuhehagoen
etlomlr e tgmgs(es), l` sues lsplhacahamemls, hg` quenameml. E lxhlnëohae oes
eprlomazeblos sø cez slotamg sl ehg`peofeme me lquameml.
Og hesg me LKE, e Mlhnereâèg ml Fe`durbg (5111) kå mlèrhgu qul g „Marlatg ê

lmuheâèg‐ l g „Marlatg e eprlomlr pgr tgme e vame‐ hgostatul`, èas
hgostatul`, èas mg qul ouohe, uè
olhlssameml, tremuzame
tremuzame og marlatg ml nlr l ml lshrlvlr - equa hgohldamg hg`g fedanamemls
ml ogter, lshrlvlr l hg`prllomlr g kgbg sa`dønahg l amlgnøbahg qul e lshrate rlprlslote
oes èas mavlrses pråtahes
pråtahes sghaeas ml nlatu
nlature
re l lshrate - ml qulstagoer l ml eoenaser
eoenaser99 ml
tlr ehlssg e rlhursgs l ml mlslovgnvlr l pretaher fedanamemls l hg`pltëohaes aomavamueas
l hgnltaves.
Á og dgkg me lquameml l mg marlatg ê eprlomazebl`, hg` vastes e uè lmuheâèg ml

quenameml l hg`prg`ltame hg` e kustaâe l e aohnusèg, qul sl må e cgrèâèg aotlbren mg
slr. Lssl tapg ml cgrèâèg vase eg mlslovgnva`lotg mg suklatg l` tgmes es sues
48

ma`losüls, pgas g plrhldl oèg eploes hg`g suklatg hgboatavg, ès te`dá` hg`g
suklatg fastørahg, hunturen l l`ghagoen.
Olssl slotamg, u` hurràhung peutemg oe plrsplhtave me cgrèâèg aotlbren hgosamlre g(e)

g (e)
lstumeotl hg`g hlotrg mg prghlssg plmebøbahg l hg`prlloml qul tgmes es eâüls
vgntemes pere es eprlomazeblos mlvl` slr hgostruàmes, evenaemes l rlgralotemes e pertar
mgs hgotlxtgs, aotlrlssls l olhlssamemls
olhlssamemls mgs(es) lstumeotl
lstumeotls,
s, prgpgrhagoeomg, pgrteotg,
g mlslovgnva`lotg aotlbren l lotlomlomg qul tgmgs sèg hepezls ml eprlomlr, eaome
qul l` tl`pgs l cgrès maclrlotls.
Olssl hgotlxtg, á a`pgrteotl mlsteher, eaome, e a`pgrtäohae ml hgosamlrer, oe pråtahe

plmebøbahe, g tredenfg hg`g praohàpag lmuhetavg. Gs(es) lstumeotls kgvlos, emuntgs l
amgsgs èotë` rlneâüls hg` g ùomg mg tredenfg, eaome qul èrhemes pgr
mlshgotaouamemls l hgocnatgs, l uè cgrèâèg aotlbren prlhase utanazer es ma`losüls l
herehtlràstahes prøpraes mlssl ä`datg hg`g gdkltg ml rlcnlxèg l gpgrtuoameml ml
eprlomazebl`.
Á a`pgrteotl oèg hgocuomar cgrèâèg aotlbren hg` lshgne l` tl`pg aotlbren, l`dgre e
e`pnaeâèg me herbe fgrårae ogs lspeâgs ml eprlomazebl` hggplrl pere e cgrèâèg
aotlbren mgs suklatgs. Hgotumg, èas mg qul eu`loter g tl`pg l es etavamemls lshgnerls,
e cgrèâèg aotlbren sl hg`prg`ltl hg` g maångbg lotrl gs mavlrsgs hgoflha`lotgs
hurrahunerls l e rlenameml mgs(es) lstumeotls, hg` e treosvlrsenameml l e
aotlrmashapnaoerameml. E cgrèâèg mlsse oeturlze mlcloml, praohapen`lotl, qul g
rlsplatg ês mavlrsamemls huntureas, rlnabagses, átoahes, rehaeas, slxueas l ml bëolrg oèg
slke eploes u` praohàpag, ès te`dá` uè lstretábae cgrètave pere g
mlslovgnva`lotg ml hraeoâes, kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs oes sues ùntama`losagoenamemls.
E Lmuheâèg l` Marlatgs Fuèogs pertl mg praohàpag ml qul tgmes es plssges

p lssges sèg abueas
plreotl e nla. Zgrteotg, es maclrloâes sèg pertls aotlbreotls ml heme plssge l es
lsplhacahamemlss mlvl` slr hgosamlremes l rlsplateme
lsplhacahameml rlsplatemess l` tgmg prghlssg sghaen, hunturen
l lmuhetavg. Eg sl cener ml aohnusèg, prlssupül-sl g rlsplatg ês mavlrsamemls, ê
vengrazeâèg mes maclrloâes l, pgrteotg, ê olhlssameml ml sl rlploser es pråtahes
plmebøbahes, hgosamlreomg
hgosamlreomg es lsplhacahameml
lsplhacahamemlss ml heme lstumeotl l slu prgkltg ml vame,
ml `gmg e pgssadanater
p gssadanater g ehgnfa`lotg l eprlomazebl` ml tgmgs og lspeâg pnuren lshgner.
4=

Zgr ca`, gs praohàpags hatemgs hgostatul` gs cuome`lotgs ml tgmes es pråtahes lmuhetaves

eprlslotemes og hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg l, mlsse cgrè, aomahe` pere e sghalmeml gs
suklatgs qul sl mlslke cgrèr; aomavàmugs hg` vengrls átahgs l fuèogs, hgoshalotls ml
sues rlspgosedanamemls l marlatgs, maspgstgs e hgostruar uè sghalmeml èas kuste,
ml`ghråtahe l aohnusave, dl` hg`g hepezls ml aotlrvar oe rlenameml l hgotraduar pere g
mlslovgnva`lotg me fuèoameml. Eg lstedlnlhlr praohàpags ogrtlemgrls, pgrteotg, lstl
mghu`lotg epgote pere e lxastëohae ml uè mupne caoenameml ogs cuome`lotgs qul lnl
prgpül; hg`g praohàpags, sèg pgotgs ml pertame, desl e pertar me quen sl hgostrøa e
etavameml mghlotl9 hg`g ogrtlemgrls, rlprlslote`, te`dá`, u` fgrazgotl ogrètavg,
uè naofe ml hflbeme qul sl hgnghe egs prgcassagoeas qul etue` oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos
l Emuntgs l` Zlroe`duhg.
5.< HG@ZL]ËOHAEX L FEDANAMEMLX
Xlomg u` hgokuotg ml fedanamemls, vengrls, etatumls l hgoflha`lotgs, es mlz

hg`pltëohaes blreas eprlslotemes oe DOHH të` g gdkltavg ml prg`gvlr g
mlslovgnva`lotg mgs(es) lstumeotls l` tgmes es sues ma`losüls (aotlnlhtu
(aotlnlhtuen,
en, hunturen,
sghaen, càsahe l l`ghagoen) pgr `lag mes pråtahes l` sene ml eune, epgoteomg qul e
Lmuheâèg Dåsahe dresanlare mlvl prg`gvlr e cgrèâèg l g mlslovgnva`lotg fuèog
bngden mgs(es) lstumeotls, pere qul slke` hepezls ml hgostruar uè sghalmeml èas
kuste, átahe, ml`ghråtahe, rlspgosåvln, aohnusave, sustlotåvln l sgnamårae. Assg sl må,
pgrteotg, pgr `lag me bereotae mgs marlatgs ml eprlomazeblos lsslohaeas e heme u`(e)
mgs(es) lstumeotls dresanlargs(es)
dresanlargs(es) hg`g gdkltavg pra`grmaen me
m e sue trekltørae lshgner.
Lssl locgqul mes hg`pltëohaes beofe lsplhaen a`pgrtäohae og ä`datg me Lmuheâèg ml

Kgvlos l Emuntgs, uè vlz qul gs suklatgs mlsse `gmenameml lxlrhl` maclrlotls pepáas
oe sghalmeml, ená` mg hgotlxtg ceànaer a`lmaetg, pgr lxl`png. E lsplhacahameml me
`gmenameml, qul etloml u` pûdnahg lsslohaen`lotl fltlrgbëolg, lxabl uè
edgrmebl` eprgpraeme teotg mgs gdkltgs ml hgoflha`lotg tredenfemgs queotg me
èolare ml tretå-ngs l` sene ml eune.
4<

Aovlstaber es hg`pltëohaes blreas hg` u` gnfer vgntemg ês lsplhacahamemls mg pûdnahg

me LKE tgroe-sl, pgrteotg, u` lxlrhàhag prgmutavg oèg eploes oe lnedgreâèg mgs
hurràhungs lstemueas l ùoahapeas, ès, sgdrltumg, ogs prghlssgs ml losaog l
eprlomazebl`, evenaeâèg, cgrèâèg ml prgclssgrls l blstèg lshgner. Eg hgosamlrer,
mureotl g pneolke`lotg ml sues etavamemls, es maclrlotls ma`losüls l sudma`losüls
mes hg`pltëohaes blreas, gs(es) prgclssgrls(es) pgml` neoâer nuz sgdrl a`pgrteotls
esplhtgs, oèg olhlsserae`lotl nabemgs eg losaog ml u` hg`pgolotl hurrahuner
lsplhàcahg, ol` ê eprlomazebl` ml u` hgotlûmg gu gdkltg ml hgoflha`lotg, ès
rlnehagoemgs eg suklatg qul sl prltloml cgrèr, l` tlr`gs ml etatumls, vengrls,
fedanamemls.
Assg pgml slr plrhldamg, pgr lxl`png, oe eoånasl me sudma`losèg Dushe ml aocgrèâèg,
u` mlsmgdre`lotg me Hg`pltëohae Blren 5; Hgoflha`lotg, qul sl eprlslote hg`g;
„dushe, eoånasl l huremgrae ml cgotls l aocgrèâüls. Tlsplatg e ogr` es ml hateâèg,
marlatgs ml prgpralmeml aotlnlhtuen l pravehameml. \sg átahg‐. L` quenqulr hg`pgolotl
hurrahuner, g(e) prgclssgr(e) pgml lstaùner g mlslovgnva`lotg mlsse hg`pltëohae eg
prgpgr, pgr lxl`png, qul gs(es) lstumeotls me LKE aovlstabul` u` mltlràoemg tlè
e pertar ml maclrlotls cgotls, hg`g navrgs, rlvastes l pudnaheâüls oe aotlrolt, l
plsquasl`, te`dá`, gs sedlrls hgostruàmgs pgr lnls l` sues vavëohaes ceànaerls l oe
hgùoameml. Hg`g `lohagoemg eotlragr`lotl, lstumeotls kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs kå
lstèg aoslramgs l` u` ùomg l` qul etavamemls ml dushe ml aocgrèâüls ghgrrl`
hgtamaeoe`lotl, ml maclrlotls cgrès. Hgotumg, e pertar me eâèg plmebøbahe, e lshgne
pgml nlvå-ngs e rlcnltar sgdrl lsse qulstèg, hgotraduaomg pere g mlslovgnva`lotg me
hratahameml pgr pertl mgs(es) lstumeotls me `gmenameml l pere u` pgssàvln
mlsmgdre`lotg mlsse etatuml hràtahe og slu hgovàvag ceànaer.
Olsse plrsplhtave, hedl lxpneoer es mlz hg`pltëohaes blreas mlcaoames plne DOHH, es
queas prgpül` hg`g gdkltavgs e cgrèâèg aotlbren mgs(es) lstumeotls.
5.<.5 HG@ZL]ËOHAEX BLTEAX
5. Sengrazer l utanazer gs hgoflha`lotgs fastgrahe`lotl hgostruàmgs sgdrl g ùomg

càsahg, sghaen, hunturen l mabaten pere lotlomlr l lxpnaher e rlenameml, hgotaouer
43

eprlomlomg l hgnedgrer pere e hgostruâèg ml uè sghalmeml kuste, ml`ghråtahe l

aohnusave.
4. Lxlrhater e huragsameml aotlnlhtuen l rlhgrrlr ê edgrmebl` prøprae mes haëohaes,

aohnuaomg e aovlstabeâèg, e rlcnlxèg, e eoånasl hràtahe, e aaèbaoeâèg
èbaoeâèg l e hraetavameml, pere
aovlstaber heuses, lnedgrer l tlster fapøtlsls, cgrùner l rlsgnvlr prgdnlès l hraer
sgnuâüls (aohnusavl tlhognøbahes) hg` desl ogs hgoflha`lotgs
hgoflha`lotgs mes maclrlotls årles.
8. Sengrazer l cruar es mavlrses èoaclsteâü

èoaclsteâüls
ls ertàstahes l huntureas, mes ngheas ês ùomaeas,
l te`dá` pertahaper ml pråtahes mavlrsacahemes me prgmuâèg ertàstahg-hunturen.
=. \tanazer maclrlotls naobueblos ‘

naobueblos ‘ vlrden
vlrden (gren gu vasuen-`gtgre, hg`g Nadres, l lshrate),
hgrpgren, vasuen, sgogre l mabaten ‘
mabaten ‘,, dl` hg`g hgoflha`l
hgoflha`lotgs
otgs mes naobueblos ertàstahe
ertàstahes,
s,
ètl`åtahe l halotàcahe pere sl lxprlsser l pertanfer aocgrèâüls, lxplraëohaes, amlaes l
slota`lotgs l` maclrlotls hgotlxtgs l prgmuzar slotamgs qul nlvl` eg lotloma`lotg
`ûtug.
<. Hg`prllomlr, utanazer l hraer tlhogngbaes mabateas ml aocgrèâèg l hgùoaheâèg ml

cgrè hràtahe, saboacahetave, rlcnlxave l átahe oes mavlrses pråtahes sghaeas (aohnuaomg es
lshgnerls) pere sl hgùoaher, ehlsser l masslàoer aocgrèâüls, prgmuzar
hgoflha`lotgs, rlsgnvlr
rlsgnvlr prgdnlès l lxlrhl
lxlrhlrr prgtebgoas`g l eutgrae oe vame plssgen l
hgnltave.
3. Sengrazer e mavlrsameml ml sedlrls l vavëohaes huntureas l eprgpraer-sl ml

hgoflha`lotgs l lxplraëohaes qul nfl pgssadanatl` lotlomlr es rlneâüls prøpraes mg
ùomg mg tredenfg l cezlr lshgnfes enaofemes eg lxlrhàhag me hamemeoae l eg slu prgkltg
ml vame, hg` nadlrmeml, eutgogàe, hgoshaëohae hràtahe l rlspgosedanameml.
2. Erbu`loter hg` desl l` cetgs, memgs l aocgrèâüls hgocaåvlas, pere cgrùner,

olbghaer l mlclomlr amlaes, pgotgs ml vaste l mlhasüls hgùos qul rlsplatl` l
prg`gve` gs marlatgs fuèogs, e hgoshaëohae sghage`dalot
sghage`daloten
en l g hgosu`g rlspgosåvln
l` ä`datg nghen, rlbagoen l bngden, hg` pgsahagoe`lotg átahg l` rlneâèg eg huamemg ml
sa `ls`g, mgs gutrgs l mg pneolte.
6. Hgoflhlr-sl, eprlhaer-sl l huamer ml sue seûml càsahe l l`ghagoen, hg`prllomlomg-

sl oe mavlrsameml fuèoe l rlhgoflhlomg sues l`gâüls l es mgs gutrgs hg`
eutghràtahe l hepehameml pere namer hg` lnes.
1. Lxlrhater e l`petae, g maångbg, e rlsgnuâèg ml hgocnatgs l e hggplreâèg, cezlomg-sl

rlsplater l prg`gvlomg g rlsplatg eg gutrg l egs marlatgs fuèogs, hg` ehgnfa`lotg
l vengrazeâèg me mavlrsameml ml aomavàmugs l ml brupgs sghaeas, slus sedlrls, amlotamemls,
huntures l pgtlohaenamemls, sl` prlhgohlatgs ml quenqulr oeturlze.
42

5:. Ebar plssgen l hgnltave`lotl hg` eutgogàe, rlspgosedanameml, cnlxadanameml,

rlsanaëohae l mltlràoeâèg, tgèomg mlhasüls hg` desl l` praohàpags átahgs,
ml`ghråtahgs, aohnusavgs, sustlotåvlas l sgnamårags.
E pra`lare hg`pltëohae, aotatuneme Hgoflha`lotg

Hgoflha`lotg,, rlcnltl sgdrl hg`g ghgrrl e
hgostruâèg mg hgoflha`lotg l sgdrl hg`g á pgssàvln eprlomlr l` mavlrsgs hgotlxtgs,
aohnusavl cgre me lshgne. G hgoflha`l
hgoflha`lotg
otg ml ùomg kå hgostruàmg plngs
plngs(es)
(es) lstumeotls
me LKE lvamlohae qul g l`prlbg ml lstretábaes pere rltlr aocgrèâüls l utanazå-nes oe
sgnuâèg ml prgdnlès kå cez pertl ml sues rgtaoes. Hedl eg(ê) prgclssgr(e) `gtaver l
hgotraduar hg` e gclrte veraeme ml prghlssgs l pgssadanamemls ml e`pnaeâèg mlssls
hgoflha`lotgs, vaseomg eg dl` hgù` l rlsplateomg g hgotlxtg sghaghunturen l` qul
gs sedlrls sèg hgostruàmgs.
E hg`pltëohae qul cene sgdrl g Zlose`lotg Halotàcahg, Hràtahg l Hraetavg

Hraetavg tl` hg`g
`lte nlver gs(es) lstumeotls e lxpngrerl` amlaes, cezlrl` hgolxüls, mlslovgnvlrl`
fapøtlsls hg` rehaghàoag nøbahg, saotltazeomg aocgrèâüls ml mavlrses cgotls pere e
cgrùneâèg ml erbu`lotgs. Oes mavlrses satueâüls mamåtahes me sene ml eune, gs kgvlos,
emuntgs l amgsgs aotlrebl` l hgostrgl` ùatgs erbu`lotgs, a`duàmgs ml reàzls
fastørahes, peutemgs l` sues vavëohaes. G tredenfg mlslovgnvamg hg` lsse hg`pltëohae
dushe, essa`, epra`grer e hepehameml ml erbu`loter, mlslovgnvlr g aotlrlssl l e
eutgogàe mgs(es) lstumeotls l` aovlstaber l loraqulhlr slu rlplrtørag erbu`lotetavg
l` tgmes es lsclres.
G Tlplrtørag Hunturen mgs(es)
Hunturen mgs(es) lstumeotls me LKE á ehlotueme`lotl rahg, l` tlr`gs ml
mavlrsameml, praohapen`lotl l` rezèg ml sues lxplraëohaes ml vame, lotrlteotg,
lohgotre-sl mlsvengrazemg, ùates vlzls, pgr `gtavgs pnureas, mlotrg mg e`dalotl
lshgner. Lste tlrhlare hg`pltëohae vase prg`gvlr e vengrazeâèg l e cruaâèg,
prgpgrhagoeomg qul lssls(es) lstumeotls rlhgoflâe` e mavlrsameml hunturen qul cez
pertl ml heme rlplrtørag hunturen l ertàstahg, aomavamuen l hgnltavg, lxprlsseomg-sl hg`
hgoshaëohae ùntahunturen l rlsplateomg es maclrlotls vavëohaes.
E Hgùoaheâèg
Hgùoaheâèg,, qul vea ùatg ená` mg he`pg naobuàstahg, rlssente
rlssente e a`pgrtäohae ml g(e)
lstumeotl sedlr sl lxprlsser pgr `lag ml veraemes naobueblos (vlrden, hgrpgren, vasuen,
sgogre l mabaten) mlotrg ml hgotlxtgs l ml satueâüls `ûntapnes. Gs(es) lstumeotls me
46

`gmenameml, ml maclrlotls cgrès, èotë` rlneâüls hg` g ùomg mg tredenfg, l` qul

es våraes nlatures l gs prghlssgs ml maångbg l lshute sl eprlslote` hg`g maclrlohaeas
pere aotlrebar l prg`gvlr g lotloma`lotg `ûtug. ]reter mlsse hg`pltëohae lovgnvl
edrar lspeâg, mlotrg mg e`dalotl lshgner, pere gs(es) lstumeotls lxprlsserl` slus
slota`lotgs, l`gâüls, mûvames, hgovahâüls, qulstagoe`lotgs, pgr `lag ml pråtahes ml
ùntanltre`lotg l ml uè lcltave hgotlxtuenazeâèg.
\` breoml mlsecag qul sl eprlslote oes hg`pltëohaes blreas, l` qul plsl sue
epnahedanameml, á g me Hunture Mabaten,
Mabaten, pgas plrpesse ùates årles ml hgoflha`lotg l á
uè mes hg`pltëohaes qul èas sl lxpeoml l etrea g pûdnahg-envg me `gmenameml. G
praohapen pgotg mlsse hg`pltëohae oèg rlsaml oe sa`pnls utanazeâèg mes tlhogngbaes
mabateas, oe plrsplhtave mg hgosu`g, ès oe hg`prllosèg hràtahe, saboacahetave, rlcnlxave
l átahe mes mavlrses pråtahes sghaeas, ml sue prgmuâèg hgoshalotl l ml slu heråtlr
prgtebgoaste oe vame plssgen l hgnltave. Sastg qul á a`pgrteotl rlhgoflhlr e lxastëohae
ml enbuos lotrevls pere e a`lrsèg og ùomg mabaten, á pgssàvln mlsl`plofer etavamemls
pertaomg praohapen`lotl me rlenameml hgohrlte l mequang e qul gs(es) lstumeotls të`
ehlssg.
Cuome`loten oes etavamemls marlhagoemes egs(ês) lstumeotls me LKE, e hg`pltëohae

]redenfg l Zrgkltg ml Same
Same lstå rlnehagoeme ê hepehameml ml blrar e prøprae vame,
hg`prllomlomg g ùomg mg tredenfg l slus a`pehtgs oe sghalmeml, hg` cghg,
mltlràoeâèg, lscgrâg l eutghgocaeoâe, esplhtgs mlhasavgs pere suklatgs qul
vasnu`dre` u` cuturg `lnfgr. Xedl-sl qul u` mgs praohapeas `gtavemgrls mg rltgrog
ê lshgne, pere breoml pertl mgs(es) mashlotls me LKE, á e dushe pgr quenacaheâèg, pere
ehlssg e `lnfgrls gpgrtuoamemls og ä`datg prgcassagoen. Zgr assg, få olhlssameml ml
uè ertahuneâèg hgosastlotl mlsse hg`pltëohae hg` tgmgs gs hg`pgolotls
hurrahunerls.
Aotlose`lotl aotlrnabeme ê Hgùoaheâèg, e Erbu`loteâèg

Erbu`loteâèg tl`
tl` pgr gdkltavg prgpahaer e
hgostruâèg ml gpaoaüls l hgohnusüls ml èolare quenacaheme, prg`gvlomg ogs(es)
lstumeotls e hepehameml ml sustloter slus pgotgs ml vaste l` u` mldetl, rlsplater es
gpaoaüls mavlrblotls l vengrazer e átahe, gs marlatgs fuèogs l e sustlotedaname
s ustlotedanameml.
ml. Lsse
vasèg bngden á a`pgrteotl l vaåvln pere slr treteme l` tgmgs gs hg`pgolotls. Gs(es)
lstumeotls mlvl` rlhgoflhlr l l`prlber, essa`, maclrlotls lstretábaes pere sl
41

pgsahagoer ecarètave gu olbetave`lotl ml cgrè rlsplatgse crlotl ê mavlrsameml ml

gpaoaüls.
G Eutghgoflha`lotg l g Eutghuamemg
Eutghuamemg sèg esplhtgs cuome`loteas pere qul gs(es)
lstumeotls rlhgoflâe` e a`pgrtäohae ml mlmaher etloâèg ê seûml càsahe l l`ghagoen,
dl` hg`g hg`prllome` e hgnltavameml, rlsplateomg-sl l amlotacaheomg l` sa pgotgs
cgrtls l crebanamemls. Es kgroemes ml tredenfg ‘
tredenfg ‘ slke
slke lssl tredenfg cgrèn gu aocgrèn ‘
aocgrèn ‘
es etavamemls ml èoutloâèg mg ner, gu es vahassatumls me vame l` rlba`l ml praveâèg ml
nadlrmeml (lmuheâèg l` prasüls), pgml`, l` enbuès satueâüls, hg`prg`ltlr e
etloâèg l g dg` rloma`lotg oes etavamemls l` sene ml eune9 pg
pgrr assg, á a`pgrteotl qul
g(e) lstumeotl hgotl hg` epgag l graloteâèg. Olssl slotamg, g e`dalotl lshgner mlvl
lster navrl ml prlhgohlatgs l vagnëohaes l prgpgrhagoer e hgostruâèg ml rlneâüls
deslemes l` rlsplatg, tgnlräohae l sgnameralmeml.
Lxlrhater e L`petae l e Hggplreâèg sèg

Hggplreâèg sèg gs pgotgs praohapeas me ogoe hg`pltëohae, qul
dushe prg`gvlr pråtahes ml rlsplatg e sa, eg gutrg l egs marlatgs fuèogs, vengrazeomg
l ehgnflomg e mavlrsameml mgs aomavàmugs hg` gs queas heme u`(e) hgovavl (slus
sedlrls, amlotamemls, huntures l pgtlohaenamemls). Lsses satueâüls vavlohaemes l` sene
ml eune, emgtemes plngs(es) prgclssgrls(es) mgs mavlrsgs hg`pgolotls hurrahunerls,
mlvl` hgosgnamer ogs(es) lstumeotls e sgnameralmeml, g maångbg l e hgnedgreâèg, kå
prlslotls og hgtamaeog lshgner me LKE, l` qul es maclrlotls blreâüls sl ekume`
ùtue`lotl, ehgnflomg, `lmaeomg hgocnatgs, lxlrhateomg
lxlrhateomg e entlrameml l g maångbg.
]gmes es hg`pltëohaes vastes etá ebgre hgotradul` pere e etueâèg mgs(es) lstumeotls
oe sghalmeml hg` Tlspgosedanameml l Hamemeoae
Hamemeoae ‘
‘ e máhaè hg`pltëohae blren me
DOHH. E cnlxadanameml, e rlsanaëohae l e mltlràoeâèg mlslovgnvames oes etavamemls
plmebøbahes vase` mlsplrter e hgoshaëohae ml qul lnls(es) kå sèg eblotls
treoscgrèmgrls ml uè sghalmeml èas kuste l abuenatårae. Zere assg, prgpül etatumls
rlspgosåvlas, hg` marlatgs aohgrpgremgs, pgomlreomg es hgoslquëohaes me tgème ml
mlhasüls, essuàomg namlreoâe queomg olhlssårag pere sgnuhagoer gs prgdnlès qul
vlofe` e surbar.
8:

5.3 HGOHLZÂÜLX XGDTL GX ZTGHLXXGX ML LOXAOG L EZTLOMA[EBL@ OE

LM\HEÂÈG ML KGSLOX L EM\N]GX
Mlsml ùatg tl`pg, tlørahgs mg he`pg me psahgngbae, canøsgcgs l lmuhemgrls mlmahe`

slus lstumgs e hg`prllomlr l e lxpnaher gs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl`. Olssl
hloårag, mavlrses plrsplhtaves të` samg hgohldames, hfeèomg e etloâèg pere uè
ùntapnahameml ml esplhtgs mastaotgs ‘
‘ g qul hgomuz ê hgohnusèg ml qul g losaog l e
eprlomazebl` mlvl` slr hg`prllomamgs hg`g prghlssgs pnureas l ùntacehlt
ùntacehltemgs.
emgs.
Og hgotlxtg èas lsplhàcahg me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, sgdrltumg l`

mlhgrrëohae ml rlhlotls entlreâüls oe NMD (DTEXAN, 5113), gs prghlssgs ml losaog l
eprlomazebl` eohgre`-sl og praohàpag me eprlomazebl` eg ngobg me vame, gu slke, oe
hgohlpâèg ml qul e eprlomazebl` á u` prghlssg qul ehgotlhl ml cgrè hgotàoue
mureotl e vame (MLNGTX, 5113). Xg`gs slrls aoehedemgs, eprlomlotls l, pgr assg,
prlhase`gs hgoflhlr èas sgdrl oøs `ls`gs l sgdrl g ùomg. Lsse plrsplhtave á
emgteme, lotrl gutrgs eutgrls, pgr Crlarl (5113, p.<:), eg ecarèr qul, „oe vlrmeml, g
aoehede`lotg mg slr gu e sue aohgohnusèg á prøprag me lxplraëoh
lxplraëohae
ae vaten. Goml få vame,
få aoehede`lot
aoehede`lotg‐.
g‐.
Crlarl (5113) locetaze, eaome, qul lstumeotls l prgclssgrls(es) sèg treoscgrèmgs, eg

`ls`g tl`pg, ogs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl`. Zere teotg, hgosamlre g
rlhgoflha`lotg mgs hgotlxtgs
hgotlxtgs l fastøraes ml vvame
ame mgs suklatgs me eâèg hg`g lnl`lotgs
hlotreas olssl prghlssg, g qul rlvlrdlre uè eâèg lèohapemgre. Olssl slotamg, gs
prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl` vase` lstaùner e hgoshaëohae hràtahe me rlenameml
l e pgsture
p gsture etave ml lstumeotls l prgclssgrls(es). Zgr assg, e lmuheâèg hgosastl ou` etg
pgnàtahg, e pertar ml aotlreâüls ml rlsplatg lotrl suklatgs.
E a`pgrtäohae me aotlreâèg lotrl gs maclrlotls suklatgs te`dá` á mlclomame pgr

Sybgtsiy (4::1). G eutgr rlssente g pepln me hunture pere e hgostruâèg ml eprlomazeblos,
retacaheomg qul es pgtlohaenamemls aomavamueas sèg e`pnaemes pgr `lag mes rlneâüls qul
sl lstedlnlhl` ou` memg hgotlxtg fastørahg l hunturen. Lsse hgohlpâèg á rlsbeteme, l`
gutrgs tlr`gs, pgr eutgrls hg`g, pgr lxl`png, Errgyg, pere qul` e pråtahe lmuhetave
mlvl hgosamlrer g mlslovgnva`lotg ml perhlraes hg` gs hgnltavgs ml plrtloâe (ETTGQG,
4::3), hg` vastes ê e`pnaeâèg mes pgssadanamemls ml eprlomazeblos, dl` hg`g eg
85

cgrtenlha`lotg mes eblomes ml rlavaomaheâüls mgs kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs, og slotamg

me prg`gâèg me bereotae mgs marlatgs l mg lxlrhàhag me hamemeoae.
G mldetl l` tgrog mgs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl` pessgu pgr e`pnaeâüls,

te`dá`, breâes ês hgotraduaâüls ml Bermolr (4:58), qul mlslovgnvlu e hgoflhame
]lgrae mes Aotlnabëohaes @ûntapnes. Hg` gnfer vgntemg ês pertahuneramemls qul heme
suklatg eprlslote, lsse tlgrae mlcloml e lxastëohae ml gatg tapgs mastaotgs ml
aotlnabëohaes. Olsse plrsplhtave, es aotlnabëohaes, og pnuren, sèg; aotreplssgen,
aotlrplssgen, naobuàstahe, ètl`åtahe/nøbahe, vasuen/lspehaen, haoátahe, ùsahen l
oeturenaste, l heme aomavàmug pgssua tgmes lnes, eaome qul tlofe uè gu èas,
pertahuner`lotl, èas gu `logs mlslovgnvames. Zere Bermolr (4:58), lsses maclrlotls
aotlnabëohaes rlsunte` l` cgrès prlclrlohaeas, gu lstangs ml eprlomazebl` mastaotgs,
qul oèg sèg lsteoquls gu mlcaoatavgs, l huke ëocesl pgml mlplomlr mgs `gmgs ml
grbeoazeâèg mg hgotlxtg ml eprlomazebl`. Lssl tapg ml edgrmebl` tl` samg ûtan pere g
rlhgoflha`lotg mes eprlomazeblos mlslovgnvames cgre mg e`dalotl lshgner,
lsplhaen`lotl l` sl treteomg me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, `gmenameml l` qul
gs(es) lstumeotls hflbe` ês lshgnes ùoamgs ml mavlrses eprlomazeblos hgostruàmes oe
vame hgtamaeoe l ceànaer, essa` hg`g oes rlneâüls ml tredenfg, pgr lxl`png.
Zloser e eprlomazebl` oe LKE e pertar mlsses plrsplhtaves pnureas a`pnahe, pgrteotg, g

rlhgoflha`lotg ml uè ùntapnahameml ml lspeâgs, tl`pgs, lstangs l `gmgs ml
m l cezlr me
eprlomazebl`. Olssl slotamg, oe LKE, e eprlomazebl` sl hgocabure hg`g uè
hg`daoeâèg ml prghlssgs qul ghgrrl` eg ngobg me vame, plngs queas e plssge aotlare
aotlare ‘
‘
hgrpg (bloátahg, càsahg, dagnøbahg) l `lotl (hgoflha`lotg, fedanamemls, etatumls,

vengrls, l`gâüls, hrloâes l slotamgs) ‘
slotamgs) ‘ lxplralohae
lxplralohae satueâüls sghaeas hukgs hgotlûmgs
sèg treoscgrèmgs og slotamg hgboatavg, l`gtavg gu pråtahg, rlsunteomg l` uè plssge
hgotaoue`lotl l` hgostruâèg.
E gdslrveâèg mlssls maclrlotls prasès sgdrl gs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl`

aomahe, pgas, qul g tredenfg lmuhetavg prlhase lster eohgremg teotg oe vengrazeâèg mgs
sedlrls lxplralohaeas mgs(es) lstumeotls ‘
lstumeotls ‘ uè
uè vlz qul lstls(es) hflbe` ê lshgne hg`
uè beè ml eprlomazeblos, hgostruàmes ogs mavlrsgs hgotlxtgs sghaeas me vame
hgotl`pgräole ‘
‘ queotg oe prg`gâèg me aotlreâèg lotrl gs maclrlotls suklatgs.
84

Lstumeotls l prgclssgrls(es), pgrteotg, rlenaze` hgokuote`lotl gs prghlssgs ml

losaoer l eprlomlr.
Ená` massg, es pråtahes mghlotls mlvl` hgotraduar pere qul aomavàmugs qul lstavlre`,
pgr vlzls, masteohaemgs ml prghlssgs cgrètavgs lshgnerls hg`prllome` qul e
eprlomazebl` oèg sl lsbgte og prghlssg ml lshgnerazeâèg me lmuheâèg dåsahe. Assg pgml
lstaùner g mlslovgnva`lotg me eutgogàe mgs(es) lstumeotls sgdrl sues
eprlomazeblos, oèg eploes l` tlr`gs ml gdkltgs ml hgoflha`lotgs, ès te`dá` ml
lstretábaes ml losaog-eprlomazebl`, hgosamlreomg es pertahuneramemls qul gs(es)
lstumeotls lxadl`.
Og qul teobl ê encedltazeâè

encedltazeâèg,
g, pere e equasaâèg mg Xastlè ml Lshrate Encedátahe/XLE,
Encedátahe/XLE, pgr
slr, sgdrltumg, uè eprlomazebl` hgohlatuen, á a`prlshaomàvln qul gs(es) lstumeotls
èoapunl`, hg`perl`, `gotl`, mls`gotl` penevres, gdslrveomg sues
herehtlràstahes,
herehtlràstahes, hg`g lstruture, queotame
queotameml
ml l grm
grml`
l` ml nltres, plmeâgs ml penevres qul
sl rlpltl`, mlotrl gutre
gutress mg XLE. Mlstehe-sl, pgrteotg,
pgrteotg, qul g nlve
nlveote`lotg
ote`lotg ml
fapøtlsls l ml rlcnlxèg sgdrl g sastlè l sues hgovloâüls, e pertar ml tlxtgs rleas l
prlslotls og hgtamaeog mgs(es) lstumeotls, á ml cuome`loten a`pgrtäohae pere
e`pnaeâèg ml fedanamemls l pere hgosgnameâèg me nlature l me lshrate hg` eutgogàe. L`
gutres penevres, g eprlomaz - og prghlssg ml encedltazeâèg l nltre`lotg - prlhase ml u`
tredenfg plmebøbahg sastl`åtahg, rlcnlxavg
rlcnlxavg l gralotemg, vastg qul ten eprlomazebl` oèg
ehgotlhl lspgoteole`lotl
lspgoteole`lotl gu enletgrae`lotl pgr `lag mg hgotetg l me lxpgsaâèg ml
tlxtgs.
5.2 CGT@EÂÈG MGHLO]L
E cgrèâèg ml prgclssgrls vl` slomg hgotl`pneme oes marltrazls l graloteâüls

hurrahunerls oehagoeas, hg`prllomame hg`g hgomaâèg pere e lnlveâèg me quenameml mg
losaog. Olssl hloårag, g lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg pudnahgu, l` 4:5=, gs Zerä`ltrgs ml
Cgrèâèg Mghlotl, hgokuotg ml mghu`lotgs qul rlûol` hgohlpâüls l praohàpags pere
mlnaoler e cgrèâèg ml prgclssgrls me Tlml, hg` vastes e quenacaher es pråtahes mghlotls
og hgotlxtg me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Lstl tlxtg á crutg ml u` maångbg lotrl equlnl
88

mghu`lotg l es ogves mlèomes mghlotls lxpnahatemes oe Desl Oehagoen Hgù`

Hurrahuner (4:56).
Hedl mlsteher, aoahaen`lotl, qul g prlperg ml prgclssgrls pere etueâèg oe Lmuheâèg

Dåsahe, fgkl, pesse olhlsserae`lotl plne hgostruâèg ml hg`pltëohaes l fedanamemls
pere namer hg` qulstüls
q ulstüls hgotrgvlrses l átahes, prøpraes mg mlslovgnva`lotg halotàcahg l
tlhognøbahg ml ogssg tl`pg, hg`g g usg ml ena`lotgs treosbëoahgs, e mgeâèg ml ørbègs,
g usg mes rlmls sghaeas lth. Zgr assg, e cgrèâèg mghlotl beofe u` heråtlr plrèolotl,
mlèomeomg e hgotàoue hgostruâèg ml hgoflha`lotgs, vengrls l etatumls. Olssl
prghlssg, e amlae ml cgrèâèg hgotaoueme, hg`g uè èolare ml suprar nehuoes, må
nuber eg hgohlatg me cgrèâèg plrèolotl ml prgclssgrls, qul prlhase` mlslovgnvlr
uè pråtahe plmebøbahe pere ená` me edgrmebl` ml hgoflha`lotgs lsplhàcahgs, pgr
lxl`png.
Essa`, e hgostruâèg mes pråtahes plmebøbahes lxabl mgs prgclssgrls uè rlcnlxèg
aomavamuen l hgnltave sgdrl g cezlr/slr mghlotl. E cgrèâèg mghlotl pesse e slr
hg`prllomame hg`g g lspeâg ml rlcnlxèg lotrl perls, sgdrl e pråtahe plmebøbahe l, eg
`ls`g tl`pg, ml mlcaoaâèg sgdrl es ùmeoâes olhlssåraes. E cgrèâèg l` slrvaâg
ehgotlhl te`dá` og hgtamaeog lshgner l sl hgohrltaze oe rlcnlxèg sgdrl e pråtahe
plmebøbahe mg prgclssgr l` sene ml eune l plng hgnltavg ml lmuhemgrls me rlml.
Olssl slotamg, pgotue`gs equa enbuès mes olhlssamemls cgrètaves lsplhàcahes pere
gs mghlotls qul etue` oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, lnlohemes e pertar ml rlcnlxüls
l mldetls hg` maclrlotls etgrls rlspgosåvlas plne pråtahe plmebøbahe oe `gmenameml.
Lsses olhlssamemls epgote` pere e a`pgrtäohae ml, hgotaoue`lotl, mashutar sgdrl
qulstüls hg`g; etlomlr ês maclrloâes ml aotlrlssls blrehagoeas tlomg, oe `lsè sene
ml eune, emgnlshlotls, emuntgs l amgsgs9 rlhgoflhlr l vengrazer gs sedlrls hgtamaeogs
mgs(es) lstumeotls9 utanazer rlhursgs tlhognøbahgs l mamåtahgs hg`petàvlas hg` es
herehtlràstahes
herehtlràstahes l g plrcan mgs(es) lstumeotls me `gmenameml9 hgotlxtu
hgotlxtuenazer
enazer gs hgotlûmgs
hg` e rlenameml sghaen l prgcassagoen vavlohaeme plngs(es) lstumeotl
lstumeotls.
s.
Lsses olhlssamemls cgrètaves

cgrètaves sl rlnehagoe` teotg eg „sedlr
„sedlr‐‐ hg`g eg „sedlr cezlr‐ l
prlhase` slr hgosamlremes nlveomg-sl l` hgote es rleas hgomaâüls ml tredenfg mgs(es)
prgclssgrls(es),
prgclssgrls(es), dl` hg`g g hgotlxtg søhag-fastørahg og quen heme suklatg sl lohgotre
8=

aoslramg. Essa`, plsquasemgrls(es) mg he`pg me lmuheâèg ecarè` qul

q ul g hgotlxtg etuen
mlèome ogves eâüls cgrètaves pere gs(es) mghlotls, pgas g losaog sl `gstre
hrlshlotl`lotl èas hg`pnlxg, l` rezèg ml mavlrsgs cetgrls, hg`g e hrlshlotl
mlèome pgr lshgnerazeâèg me pgpuneâèg, gs eveoâgs halotàcahgs l tlhognøbahgs og
hgtamaeog, es ùmeoâes prgvghemes plnes ]lhogngbaes Mabateas me Aocgrèâèg l
Hgùoaheâèg l gs mlsecags mg ùomg mg tredenfg.
Maeotl massg, pgr lxl`png, e DOHH (4:56) aohnua gs nltre`lotgs mabaten l àmaåtahg
rlnlveotls pere e hamemeoae l pere e etueâèg hràtahe oe vame sghaen. Lstls sèg
hgosamlremgs hg`g marlatgs e slrl` esslburemgs l` vårags gdkltavgs ml eprlomazebl`,
eprlomazebl`,
oèg eploes mg hg`pgolotl Nàobue Zgrtubulse, ès te`dá` ogs mlèas hg`pgolotls
hurrahunerls. G nltre`lotg lovgnvl uè sáral hgotàoue ml eprlomazeblos, vaseomg
pgssadanater e u` aomavàmug enheoâer slus gdkltavgs, mlslovgnvlr slus hgoflha`lotgs l
pgtlohaen, dl` hg`g pertahaper me hgùoameml l me sghalmeml ml cgrè èas e`pne.
Zgr assg, e cgrèâèg plrèolotl ml prgclssgrls qul etue` oe LKE essu`l

ess u`l u` heråtlr
prøprag, hgosamlreomg e olhlssameml ml hgostruâèg ml u` prgkltg plmebøbahg qul
prg`gve e emlqueâèg mes pråtahes lshgnerls ês herehtlràstahes l ês olhlssamemls mgs
suklatgs lovgnvamgs, pgas es turès me LKE herrlbe` uè fltlrgblolameml plhunaer.
plhunaer. Xèg
lxl`pngs gs pgvgs mg he`pg, aomàbloes, quang`dgnes, gs suklatgs pravemgs ml nadlrmeml,
es plssges hg` mlcahaëohae, ená` mequlnls lxpgstgs ês mavlrses cgrès ml lxhnusèg,
aohnusavl mg prøprag sastlè
sas tlè lshgner.
Lsse fltlrgblolameml prlhase slr hgosamlreme og mlnaole`lotg ml prgbreès ml

cgrèâèg plrèolotl, vaseomg cgrolhlr lnl`lotgs pere g maångbg lotrl lmuheomgs(es)
l lmuhemgrls(es), nlveomg l` hgote e fastgrahameml mlssls suklatgs. Zgr lsse rezèg, e
cgrèâèg mgs(es) prgclssgrls(es) qul etue` oe LKE mlvl hgosamlrer e hg`pnlxameml l
e ùntapnahameml ml amlotamemls mgs kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs qul dushe` e lshgne,
vengrazeomg sues lxplraëohaes, amlotamemls l rlenamemls ml vame. Assg hgotradua pere
mlcaoar es pgnàtahes ml cgrèâèg mghlotl, og slotamg ml qul e pnurenameml l es
pertahuneramemls aolrlotls e lssls suklatgs pgml` lnloher gs gdkltavgs ml uè eâèg
plmebøbahe lèohapetørae, hràtahe l hg`prg`ltame hg` e cgrèâèg hamemè.
8<

Ená` mgs praohàpags, cuome`lotgs l hgotlûmgs, á a`pgrteotl plràtar qul gs prgbreès

ml cgrèâèg plrèolotl ml prgclssgrls slke` loraqulhamgs ml lstretábaes l rlhursgs
mamåtahgs qul cevgrlâe` g mlslovgnva`lotg ml `ûntapnes eprlomazeblos mgs(es)
lstumeotls. Lssls esplhtgs tgroe`-sl lsslohaeas pere qul gs(es) mghlotls pgsse`
etuer, utanazeomg táhoahes ml tredenfg prøpraes me sue årle ml hgoflha`lotg, tgroeomg-
sl, bremuen`lotl, èas hepezls ml rlcnltarl` hratahe`lotl sgdrl sue pråtahe
(ZLTOE@D\HG, 4:5=).
Essa`, gs prgbreès ml cgrèâèg plrèolotl mlvl` prg`gvlr e hratahameml pere

prgdnlètazer, rlcnltar l tlgrazer (sgdrl) gs hgotlûmgs lshgnerls, g losaog, e
eprlomazebl`, e pråtahe plmebøbahe, es pgnàtahes lmuhehagoeas, gs mghu`lotgs
hurrahunerls l, lsplhaen`lotl, g usg l es caoenamemls mgs rlhursgs mamåtahgs og prghlssg
ml lshgnerazeâèg ml kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs, ená` ml teotgs gutrgs lnl`lotgs qul
hg`pül` e pråtahe lmuhetave. Zere assg, gs `g`lotgs l eâüls cgrètaves mlvl`
ederher, plrèolotl`lotl, g lstumg hg`pertanfemg ml tlxtgs l e hgnltavazeâèg mg
sedlr, g pneolke`lotg l e vavëohae mg losaog, eoånasls me rlenameml l ml satueâüls
mamåtahes, lstretábaes ml rlcnlxèg sgdrl e pråtahe l eutgevenaeâèg. Lsse plrsplhtave ml
cgrèâèg mghlotl sl cuome`lote oe plrsplhtave hràtahg-rlcnlxave l e`pere-sl oe
hgohlpâèg mgs maspgsatavgs `ltgmgnøbahgs ml cgrèâèg mghlotl.
5.6 ESENAEÂÈG ME, ZETE L HG@G EZTLOMA[EBL@ - ESENAEÂÈG OE LKE
Oe LKE, g mlsecag ml rg`plr hg` pråtahes evenaetaves hrastenazemes aohaml sgdrl

prgclssgrls(es) l lstumeotls; e`dgs trezl`, ml sues veraemes lxplraëohaes hg` e
lmuheâèg lshgner, hgohlpâüls sgdrl g qul á l g qul oèg á evenaeâèg. Olssl hloårag,
tgroe-sl cuome`loten qul gs(es) prgclssgrls(es) loherl` e evenaeâèg hg`g
aostru`lotg e slrvaâg me eprlomazebl` mgs(es) lstumeotls, l oèg hg`g `lre
clrre`lote ml hnessacaheâèg l eclraâèg ml sedlrls.
Assg epgote pere uè qulstèg qul vea ená` me etueâèg mg(e) prgclssgr(e) l` tlr`gs
aomavamueas. Á prlhasg qul gs(es) prgcassagoeas me lshgne rlcnate`, hgnltave`lotl, sgdrl es
caoenamemls me evenaeâèg oe LKE. Hg`g rlsuntemg mlsse rlcnlxèg, hlrte`lotl, slrèg
83

epgotemes `ûntapnes caoenamemls. Á pgssàvln qul enbuos(es) prgclssgrls(es) epgotl`, pgr

lxl`png, qul aostru`lotgs hg`g e prgve lshrate, hg` mete eblomeme l aomaheâèg mgs
tøpahgs e slrl` edgrmemgs, l` u` `gmlng desteotl hgosgnamemg oe tremaâèg lshgner
dresanlare, eplser mgs qulstagoe`lotgs qul rlhldl, pgml slrvar hg`g lstàùng pere qul
gs(es) lstumeotls sl mlmaqul` eg lstumg l sl lscgrhl` pere etaobar dgos rlsuntemgs.
]en pråtahe pgml, pgrteotg, eprlsloter hgotraduaâüls saboacahetaves og mlslovgnva`lotg
mgs(es) lstumeotls, sgdrltumg meme sue rlneâèg hg` g ùomg mg tredenfg, qul
fastgrahe`lotl tl` emgtemg `lheoas`gs sl`lnfeotls pere e slnlâèg ml tredenfemgrls,
pgr lxl`png.
Lotrlteotg, maeotl me lvamlotl pnurenameml mgs suklatgs qul hgostatul` e LKE, hg` sues
`ûntapnes lxplraëohaes ml vame l maclrlotls lxplhtetaves hg` rlneâèg ê eâèg me lshgne, e
emgâèg ml u` ûoahg `gmlng ml evenaeâèg oèg sl kustacahe.
Olssl hgotlxtg, á cuome`loten qul slke` emgtemgs, oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs,

aostru`lotgs mavlrsacahemgs ml evenaeâèg, emlquemgs ês lsplhacahamemls mgs suklatgs, l
qul, l` vlz ml plrpltuer es pråtahes ml lxhnusèg qul gs hgomuzare` ê `gmenameml,
prg`gve` rlcnlxèg, ùmeoâes l eveoâgs oèg sø pere gs(es) lstumeotls, ès te`dá`,
pere gs(es) prgclssgrls(e
prgclssgrls(es).
s).
E evenaeâèg prlhgoazeme og prlslotl mghu`lotg hgemuoe-sl hg` prgpgstes prlslotls

l` gutrgs rlclrlohaeas hurrahunerls lnedgremgs og Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg. Olsse
plrsplhtave, e evenaeâèg oèg á hgosamlreme u` prghlssg asgnemg9 á, sa`, vaste hg`g pertl
aotlbreotl mgs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl`. E rabgr, pgmlràe`gs hfe`å-ng
prghlssg losaog-eprlomazebl
losaog-eprlomazebl`-evenaeâèg.
`-evenaeâèg.
Assg saboacahe qul e evenaeâèg mlvlrå tlr u` heråtlr prlmgàoeotl`lotl prghlssuen,

hukg gdkltavg èagr á g `goatgre`lotg hgotàoug mg mlslovgnva`lotg aotlbren mgs(es)
lstumeotls, quen slke, l` tgmes es sues cehltes; hgboatavg, psahg`gtgr l ecltavg. Lne mlvl
slr gdkltg ml lstumgs l mldetls l, epøs g lstedlnlha`lotg ml ehgrmgs lotrl es pertls
lovgnvames ‘
‘ prgclssgrls(es), suplrvasgrls(es), blstgrls(es), lstumeotls, peas ml
lstumeotls, aoslrame og Zrgkltg Zgnàtahg-Zlmebøbahg me Lshgne, hg`g u` ogrtl pere
tgmgs gs prghlssgs evenaetavgs ena mlslovgnvamgs.
82

Evenaeâèg prghlssuen
Lssl á g heråtlr qul mlvl tlr e evenaeâèg
evenaeâè g oe lshgne. Zere qul lne plr`lal
plr` lal tgmg g prghlssg
ml mlslovgnva`lotg mgs(es) lstumeotls, mlvlrå cuohagoer hg`g u` tlr`ý`ltrg mg
mlslovgnva`lotg aomavamuen l hgnltavg mgs(es) lstumeotls, cgrolhlomg sudsàmags
suds àmags sønamgs
pere e tgème ml mlhasèg mgs(es) prgclssgrls(es) l` rlneâèg ês eprlomazeblos.
Zere teotg, mlvlrå mlsl`plofer, plng `logs, es slbuaotls cuoâüls; maeboøstahe,

cgrètave l sgètave. Zere g mlsl`plofg mlsses cuoâüls, mlvlrèg slr utanazemgs
prghlma`lotgs l aostru`lotgs veraemgs, teas hg`g; pgrtcønags (rlhursg ùatg l` vgbe,
ès ol` sl`prl dl` lotlomamg), rlmeâüls, masslrteâüls, tredenfgs l` brupg,
plsquases, rlnetørags, eprlsloteâüls,
eprlsloteâüls, prgves, lotrl ùatgs gutrgs.
Herehtlrazl`gs teas cuoâüls;
5) Evenaeâèg maeboøstahe;
maeboøstahe; lotlomame hg`g maebogsl ml heme cesl me eprlomazebl`,
lsplhaen`lotl e cesl aoahaen, hg` g gdkltavg ml mltlhter es macahunmemls aomavamueas

mgs(es) lstumeotls l seoå-nes, hg` g usg ml prghlma`lotgs lsplhaeas, eotls ml
prgsslbuar hg` g prghlssg aostruhagoen.
4) Evenaeâèg cgrètave;
cgrètave; lotloml qul g `goatgre`lotg me eprlomazebl` mlvl slr
hgotàoug l mavlrsacahemg, hg` vastes ê amlotacaheâèg l ê hgrrlâèg mes macahunmemls
eprlslotemes eg ngobg ml tgmg g heàofg plrhgrramg, pere qul slke` seoemes eotls ml
maclrlotls ltepes caoeas (sárals, hahngs, cesls lth.).
G lrrg, l` gutrgs tl`pgs, vastg hg`g aomlslkåvln, á hgosamlremg, olste plrsplhtave,

hg`g u` aomahemgr me ltepe ml mlslovgnva`lotg l` qul sl lohgotre g(e) lstumeotl
lstumeotl.. Á
lnl(e) qul merå e „paste‐ mg qul mlvl slr gclrlhamg eg (ê) lstumeotl l` marlâèg ê sue
suplreâèg. E evenaeâèg cgrètave á e breoml rlspgste plmebøbahe eg peremabè me
evenaeâèg useme hg`g rlhursg ml rlprgveâèg l lxhnusèg.
8) Evenaeâèg sgètave;
sgètave; qul sl tremuz l` vengrls, eg caoen ml mltlràoemes ltepes
lstedlnlhamess pgr mltlràoeâèg ml aostäohaes suplragrls, ès mashutames l rlvenamemes
lstedlnlhame
og Zrgkltg Zgnàtahg-Zlmebøbahg ml heme lshgne.
=) Eutgevenaeâèg;
=) Eutgevenaeâèg; hgohldame
hgohldame hg`g pertl me evenaeâèg cgrètave, hgostatua u` prghlssg
plng quen g(e) lstumeotl e`pnae e hgoshaëohae ehlrhe mgs maclrlotls `g`lotgs l
86

esplhtgs lovgnvamgs l` sue etavameml hgboatave. Zgr `lag me eutgevenaeâèg, gs(es)

lstumeotls kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs të` gpgrtuoameml ml eoenaser hgotaoue`lotl es
etavamemls mlslovgnvames, rlbastreomg
rlbastreomg sues prøpraes plrhlpâüls, ml `gmg e treâer eâüls
l lstretábaes qul gs euxanal` oe marlâèg me eprlomazebl` saboacahetave (SANNEX DGEX,
4::6).
E praohapen cuoâèg me eutgevenaeâèg, pgrteotg, á euxanaer gs(es)

gs (es) lstumeotls e eoenaserl`
sues hgomaâüls l sues olhlssamemls pere enheoâerl` gs gdkltavgs plmebøbahgs
prltlomamgs. Ená` massg, g mlslovgnva`lotg ml pråtahes ml eutgevenaeâèg plràtl e
e`pnaeâèg bremetave me eutgogàe l me lèohapeâèg mgs(es) lstumeotls, ê `lmame qul
lxpnahate g pepln etavg qul lnls mlsl`plofe`
mlsl`plofe ` og prghlssg ml ehg`peofe`lotg
ehg`peofe`lo tg ml sues
prøpraes eprlomazeblos.
5.1 ]L@EX ]TEOXSLTXEAX L AO]LBTEMGTLX MG H\TTÀH\NG
Cuome`loten
nlve l` hgosamlreâèg gs suklatgs etlomamgs pgr lsse `gmenameml, qul, hgocgr`l e Nla
ml Marltrazls l Desls me Lmuheâèg Oehagoen ‘
Oehagoen ‘ NMD,
NMD, l` slu Ertabg 82, sèg equlnls(es)
equlnls(es) qul
oèg tavlre` gpgrtuoameml ml hgotaouameml ml lstumg oe ameml prøprae (DTEXAN, 5113).
Fastgrahe`lotl, lssl pûdnahg sl hgostatuau, l` breoml pertl, ml suklatgs tredenfemgrls
gu hg` pguhes gpgrtuoamemls ml lstumg, hg` ehûùng ml lxplraëohaes mavlrses, tlomg
rlplrtørags ml vame dl` hgosgnamemgs l u` hgokuotg ml hgoflha`lotgs ehuùnemgs
ehuùnemgs eg
ngobg me vame.
Olssl hgotlxtg, treter ml tlès treosvlrseas oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs rlqulr

qul sl hgosamlrl` es lxplraëohaes ehuùnemes pgr lssls suklatgs, eg slu `gmg l, eg
`ls`g tl`pg, qul lsses slke` rlssaboacahemes e pertar mgs pemrüls mg fastgrahe`lotl
sastlètazemg plngs prghlssgs cgrèas ml hgostruâèg mg hgoflha`lotg. Hg`g sedl`gs,
pere qul gs suklatgs me LKE tlofe` dgos oàvlas ml
m l eprlomazebl`, prlhase`
prlhase` ml hgomaâüls
e`daloteas cevgråvlas pere assg. Gs mlsecags eprlslotemgs plne l pere e Lmuheâèg ml
Kgvlos l Emuntgs rlqulrl`, pgrteotg, e hg`prllosèg mes hgomaâüls sghaeas
81

lstedlnlhames, gs marlatgs hgoquastemgs eotl e aoaquameml l es rlspgosedanamemls mg

Lstemg l mgs(es) prgcassagoeas qul etue` sgd sues pgnàtahes.
Zertaomg me hg`prllosèg ml qul e lmuheâèg aotlohagoe cgrèr gs suklatgs oe sue

aotlbrenameml, hgosamlreomg e aotlrma`losagoenameml qul gs hgostatua, gs tlès
treosvlrseas prg`gvl` e aotlrmashapnaoerameml og cezlr plmebøbahg, suplreomg e

hg`perta`loteâèg
hg`perta`loteâ èg mg hgoflha`l
hgoflha`lotg
otg l hgotraduaomg pere qul gs(es)
gs (es) lstumeotls kgvlos,
emuntgs l amgsgs hgostrue` lotloma`lotgs l slotamgs lotrl lssls tlès l sues
vavëohaes hgtamaeoes, pgssadanateomg, eaome, e suplreâèg ml lstabès l e hgostruâèg ml
ogves cgrès ml lster og ùomg. G Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten
pere e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, essa` hg`g g Hurràhung mg Losaog Cuome`loten
eotlragr`lotl pudnahemg, hgotl`pne tlès sghaeas l hgoflha`lotgs qul lovgnvl`
våraes ma`losüls fuèoes; hunturen, fastørahe, sghaglhgoýàhe, átoahg-rehaen, ecltavg-
l`ghagoen. Lsses ma`losüls hgotradul` pere e mlcaoaâèg mg slr aotlbren l, ê `lmame qul
sèg hgotl`pnemes og hurràhung, pgssadanate` èagr hg`prllosèg sgdrl e fuèoameml
l` lshenes nghen, rlbagoen l bngden. Essa`, e pråtahe mghlotl oe LKE mlvl gpgrtuoazer
gpgrtuoazer e
slus suklatgs lsse hg`prllosèg, lstedlnlhlomg hgolxüls lotrl gs sedlrls l`pàrahgs,
prá-mlcaoamgs plne trekltørae ml vame, l gs sedlrls sastlètazemgs halotacahe`lotl,
grbeoazemgs l` hgohlatgs.
Gs tlès treosvlrseas sèg sastlètazeâüls mes mlèomes sghaeas rleas, e qul gs(es)
lstumeotls me LKE lstèg marlte`lotl nabemgs, hg`g tgmgs gs `l`drgs me sghalmeml. Es
rlneâüls sghaeas lobngde` rlneâüls ml bëolrg, átoahg-rehaeas, blrehagoeas, pgnàtahes,
lhgoýàhes, lotrl teotes gutres. Ê `lmame qul lstes rlneâüls blre` vagnëohae,
mlsabuenmeml, gprlssèg, lxhnusèg, ès te`dá`, clnahameml, aotlbreâèg, treoscgrèâ
treoscgrèâèg,
èg,
sèg pessàvlas ml lstumgs l ml hg`prllosèg pgr tgme e sghalmeml. G Lstemg, pgr `lag
me lmuheâèg lshgner, tl` e rlspgosedanameml ml prg`gvlr uè cgrèâèg edreoblotl,
esslbureomg ês plssges g marlatg ml ehlsser teas hgoflha`lotgs.
hgoflha`lotgs.
Hg`g prlhgoaze e NMD, eaome og Ertabg 8», prlhase`lotl og Aohasg VAA, hg`pnl`loteme
plnes Nlas 5:.381/:8 l 55.3=</:6, e mavlrsameml átoahg-rehaen l es rlneâüls mlsabueas qul
sl lstedlnlhl` oe sghalmeml l` rezèg mlne oèg sèg eploes u` tlè e slr tretemg, ès
hgostatul`, oe èagrae mes vlzls, e satueâèg vavlohaeme hgtamaeoe`lotl plng prøprag

suklatg qul dushe e lshgne. Es hgomaâüls ml mlsabuenmeml rehaen, gu g rehas`g lstruturen
=:

me sghalmeml, a`pgssadanate` gs(es) lstumeotls ml ehlsserl` e lshgne oe ameml

eprgpraeme l, queomg g cezl`, á l` hgomaâüls mlscevgråvlas l` tlr`gs ml qulstüls
lhgoýàhes, huntureas l etá rlnabagses. Olssl hesg, e LKE ogs prgvghe e mashutar g rehas`g
l e mlsabuenmeml rehaen hg`g tlès treosvlrseas, ertahunemgrls mg hurràhung.
Hgosamlreme hg`g marlatg sghaen, e lmuheâèg essghae-sl ml a`lmaetg egs Marlatgs

Fuèogs. Lssls oèg mlvl` slr hg`prllomamgs hg`g lsteoquls, massghaemgs mgs
mlèas tlès treosvlrseas qul plrpesse` g hurràhung l qul sèg lstruturemgrls oe
cgrèâèg aotlbren mgs suklatgs. Zeute`-sl og hgoslosg aotlroehagoen sgdrl e
aovagnedanameml mgs marlatgs cuome`loteas,
cuome`loteas, teas queas g marlatg ê vame, ê hunture, ê seûml,
ê nadlrmeml ml hrloâe, lotrl gutrgs. G Mlhrltg O» 2.:82, ml 45 ml mlzl`drg ml 4::1,
qul aostatuau g Zrgbreè Oehagoen ml Marlatgs Fuèogs, aomahe e aomavasadanameml l e
aotlrmlplomëohae
aotlrmlplomëohae mgs Ma
Marlatgs
rlatgs Fuèogs. Ngbg, e qulstèg blrehagoen, g locrlote`l
locrlote`lotg
otg
ê mlsabuenmeml lstruturen, g ehlssg ê kustaâe rl`ltl` ês rlneâüls mlsabueas ml bëolrg,
átoahg-rehaeas, e`daloteas. Zgrteotg, cahe petlotl e olhlssameml me aotlrmashapnaoerameml
oe ètlraenazeâèg mg hurràhung me LKE.
Hg` lssl lotloma`lotg, es rlneâüls átoahg-rehaeas, ml bëolrg, blrehagoeas, hg` g `lag

e`dalotl, hg` e prgmuâèg lhgoýàhe l caoeohlare, lotrl gutres, oèg sl massghae` mgs
Marlatgs Fuèogs l mg hurràhung lshgner. E LKE tl` g mlsecag ml ebrlber, og prghlssg
cgrètavg, lssls tlès, qul lovgnvl` hgtamaeoe`lotl gs suklatgs, hfeèomg etloâèg
pere g cetg ml qul, l` ùatgs hesgs, gs lotrevls ogs plrhursgs cgrètavgs mgs(es)
lstumeotls sl essghae` ml enbuè cgrè e lsses mlèomes. E hg`prllosèg,
ghesagoeme ogs `g`lotgs cgrètavgs, pgml hgotraduar pere tgroer lssls suklatgs èas
hgoshalotls ml sues trekltøraes l mgs prghlssgs sghaeas l` qul lstèg a`lrsgs. ]groeomg-
sl hgoshalotls ml sues trekltøraes, lssls suklatgs të` `lnfgrls hgomaâüls ml
hg`prllomlr e trekltørae ml mlslovgnva`lotg me sghalmeml. Hg` assg, maspül` ml
èagrls pgssadanamemls ml hgostruâèg mg slosg hràtahg.
Mlsse cgrè, hg`prlloml-sl qul gs tlès treosvlrseas oèg sèg eploes aotlbremgrls,
ès lstruturemgrls ml u` hurràhung qul rlcnltl es mavlrses rlenamemls l mlèomes
sghaeas, ês queas ùatgs mgs suklatgs me LKE, oe hgomaâèg ml lmuhemgr gu ml lmuheomg,
vaohune`-sl marlte`lotl. Meà g mlsecag ml tgroer lssl mghu`lotg saboacahetavg egs gnfgs
ml qul` ehlsse g marlatg ê lmuheâèg, ouè trekltørae ml vame hgosgnameme.
=5

Hate`gs enbuos mlssls tlès, kå rlclrlohaemgs og Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg pere g

Losaog Cuome`loten (4:51), lotlomlomg qul gutrgs pgmlrèg slr ehrlshlotemgs l`
cuoâèg ml ogves mlèomes nlbeas gu pgr lshgnfe mes prøpraes lshgnes, aoslraomg-gs l`
slus prgkltgs pgnàtahg-plmebøbahgs pgr `lag ml pråtahes lmuhetaves vgntemes pere e
hraeâèg ml uè hunture ml pez.
Lmuheâèg l` Marlatgs Fuèogs

Fuèogs - LMF (Zneog Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg l` Marlatgs
Fuèogs, 4::3, Mlhrltg o» 2.:82/4::1, Zerlhlr HOL/HZ o» 6/4:54 l Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HZ
o» 5/4:54) - E Lmuheâèg l` Marlatgs Fuèogs (LMF), enahlrâeme og rlsplatg l prgtlâèg
ê maboameml me plssge fuèoe, hg`prlloml g hgokuotg ml pråtahes lmuhetaves
cuome`lotemess ogs marlatgs fuèogs, tlomg hg`g gdkltavg cgrèr g suklatg ml marlatg.
cuome`loteme
Olssl hgotlxtg, e Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg l Lspgrtls ml Zlroe`duhg, oes ûntaès
máhemes, essuàu e LMF hg`g ogrtlemgre mes pgnàtahes lmuhehagoeas mg Lstemg ml
Zlroe`duhg l peutgu-e og hg`prgàssg plne hgostruâèg ml uè lshgne qul sl

rlhgoflâe hg`g lspeâg pnlog ml vavëohaes ml marlatgs, prlàsse cuome`loten pere
l`deser es rlneâüls fuèoes qul ehgotlhl`
ehgotlhl` oe lshgne l` tgmgs gs slus ä`datgs.
Es Marltrazls Oehagoeas pere e Lmuheâèg l` Marlatgs Fuèogs (Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HZ o»

5/4:54) prlshrlvl` qul, oe Lmuheâèg Dåsahe, g hurràhung pgmlrå slr lstruturemg
tgèomg pgr desl e plrsplhtave mashapnaoer, treosvlrsen gu àste, cuomaomg
mashapnaoerameml l treosvlrsenameml. Eg cezlr e gpâèg pgr treter e LMF oe plrsplhtave
treosvlrsen, g lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg canae-sl eg lotloma`lotg ml qul e hunture mgs
marlatgs fuèogs, hgotlûmg me LMF, oèg hedl eploes l` u` hg`pgolotl hurrahuner,

mlvlomg, essa`, beofer lspeâg og hgokuotg mgs hg`pgolotls qul hg`pül` g
hurràhung. @etlraenazeme oe plrsplhtave treosvlrsen, e LMF cgrtenlhl gs peremabès me
lmuheâèg aotlbren, hgosamlreomg gs(es) lstumeotls l` tgmes es sues ma`losüls. Ená`
massg, slma`lote uè hunture ml pez oe lshgne, cuome`loteme oe mlclse l
rlhgoflha`lotg me abuenmeml ml marlatgs, vengrazeâèg mes maclrloâes l mes mavlrsamemls,
neahameml mg lstemg l ml`ghrehae oe lmuheâèg.
E lshgne, oe plrsplhtave me LMF, mlvl mlslovgnvlr uè lmuheâèg peuteme l` vårags
lnl`lotgs olhlssårags ê cgrèâèg hamemè; haëohaes, ertls, hunture, fastørae, átahe,

ecltavameml, lotrl gutres. Essa`, e lshgne á hgohldame hg`g lspeâg sghaghunturen, nuber
=4

ml hgovavëohae aohnusave, rlsplatgse l ecltave. G e`dalotl lshgner mlvl prgpgrhagoer,

te`dá`, uè hgovavëohae ehgnflmgre, ml eutgrrlspgosedanameml hg` g mlsl`plofg ml
heme lstumeotl, ml heme prgclssgr, hgosabg `ls`g, dl` hg`g ml huamemg hg` g gutrg,
hgosamlreomg e maboameml ml tgmg slr fuèog.
Marlatgs me Hraeoâe l Emgnlshlotl

Emgnlshlotl (Nla o» 6.:31/511: ‘
‘ Lstetutg me Hraeoâe l mg
Emgnlshlotl, Nla o» 54.6<4/4:58 - Lstetutg me Kuvlotuml, Nla o» 58.4<2/4:53 - @erhg
Nlben me Zra`lare Aocäohae, ml :6 ml èrâg ml 4:53) - Og he`pg me mashussèg mgs
Marlatgs me Hraeoâe l mg Emgnlshlotl, g marlatg ml draoher me hraeoâe l te`dá` g marlatg
ml slr huameme pgr prgcassagoeas quenacahemgs, oe pra`lare aocäohae, mlvl` slr pragrameml
oes pgnàtahes pûdnahes. E hraeoâe tl`, sgdrltumg, g marlatg e tlr e prlsloâe me `èl, pea
l/gu huamemgr l` hese ogs pra`largs `lsls pgr `lag me nahloâe-ètlroameml l
petlroameml hgohlmame pere hu`pra`lotg mgs huamemgs.
Zgr sue vlz, g marlatg ê lmuheâèg mlvl slr bereotamg e tgmes es hraeoâes l emgnlshlotls,
gdslrveomg g pnlog mlslovgnva`lotg ml sues pgtlohaenamemls pgr `lag ml uè
prlpereâèg hunturen quenacaheme, uè desl halotàcahe l fuèoe oe plrsplhtave ml
hgotraduar pere e suplreâèg mes mlsveoteblos mlhgrrlotls mes hgomaâüls
sghaglhgoýàhes l huntureas emvlrses. Olsse marlâèg, satue`gs te`dá` g Lstetutg me
Kuvlotuml, qul vl` hgrrgdgrer e aoslrâèg sghaen quenacaheme mg kgvl` hg`g nla
hg`pnl`loter eg Lstetutg me Hraeoâe l mg Emgnlshlotl, vaseomg bereotar marlatgs ml
qul` tl` lotrl 5< l 41 eogs ml ameml. G Lstetutg me Kuvlotuml prgpül lxpeosèg mes
bereotaes memes ê aocäohae l ê emgnlshëoha

emgnlshëohae,
e, ená` me hg
hg`prllosèg
`prllosèg ml qul g kgvl` mlvl
slr vastg oes sues olhlssamemls og `g`lotg prlslotl l oèg e pgstlragra.
Mlssl `gmg, es eprlomazeblos lsslohaeas mlvl` slr hgotl`pnemes, prgpgrhagoeomg g

mlslovgnva`lotg mes hg`pltëohaes l fedanamemls olhlssåraes, l pgssadanateomg ês
hraeoâes, emgnlshlotls
emgnlshlotls l kgvlos g marlatg e uè lmuheâèg ml quenameml pere qul pgsse`
etuer sghaen`lotl oe hgostruâèg ml u` ùomg èas kustg, lquatetavg, ml`ghråtahg l
fuèog.
G hgotlxtg lshgner mlvl slr prlperemg vaseomg e uè cgrèâèg hamemè l` qul tgmes es
hraeoâes l emgnlshlotls mlvl` slr prgtlbamgs hgotre pråtahes qul cg`lotl` e
=8

lxpngreâèg mg tredenfg aoceotan l mashraàoeâèg átoahg-rehaen, rlnabagse, slxuen, ml

bëolrg, plssge hg` mlcahaëohae gu ml quenqulr gutre grml`.
Zrghlssg ml Lovlnflha`lotg, Tlsplatg l Sengrazeâèg mg Amgsg

A mgsg (Nla
(Nla o» 5:.2=5/4::8) - G
lovlnflha`lotg á u` cloý`log oeturen me hgomaâèg fuèoe. Zere ená` me hrgogngbae,
få u` hgokuotg e`png ml esplhtgs qul te`dá` hgocabure` lsse ltepe mg

mlslovgnva`lotg fuèog; dagnøbahgs, huntureas, fastørahgs, psahgnøbahgs l sghaeas.
L`dgre g lovlnflha`lotg fuèog slke uè hgomaâèg oeturen, es rlprlsloteâüls l
slota`lotgs sèg hgostruàmgs sghaen`lotl.
Mlsse cgrè, cez-sl olhlssårag qul es lshgnes aohnue`, l` sues pråtahes hurrahunerls,
eâüls qul vasl` eg mlslovgnva`lotg ml hg`pgrte`lotgs l etatumls qul eprgxa`l` es
blreâüls, lstaùnl` gs(es) lstumeotls
lstumeotls pere g hgovàv
hgovàvag,
ag, mlstatuàmgs ml prlhgohlatgs l`
rlneâèg e plssges amgses l slke` lmuhemes pere g lovlnflha`lotg fuèog. G gdkltavg
á bereotar g rlsplatg, e maboameml l e lmuheâèg eg ngobg me vame. Essa`, og ä`datg
lshgner, mlvl-sl te`dá` rlhgoflhlr g prgtebgoas`g me plssge amgse loqueotg
lstumeotl l hg`g suklatg qul, ùoamg ml lxplraëohaes l sedlrls, eprloml èas sgdrl sa
`ls`g l sgdrl g ùomg.
Lmuheâèg E`daloten (Nla
E`daloten (Nla o» 1.21</5111, Zerlhlr HOL/HZ o»5=/4:54, Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HZ
o» 4/4:54 l Zrgbreè ml Lmuheâèg E`daloten ml Zlroe`duhg - ZLE/ZL 4:5<) - E
Lmuheâèg E`daloten á u` prghlssg hgotàoug, maoäàhg, pertahapetavg l aotlretavg ml
eprlomazebl` mes qulstüls sghage`daloteas. Mlsse cgrè, e Lmuheâèg E`daloten
hgostatua uè mes ma`losüls mg marlatg eg `lag e`dalotl lquanadremg l sustlotåvln,
pragrameml oe bereotae me quenameml ml vame mes plssges pgr `lag ml hgohlpâüls l
pråtahes aotlr/treosmashapnaoerls, hgotàoues l plrèolotls, rlenazemes og hgotlxtg
lmuhetavg. Zragrazeomg es qulstüls e`daloteas, mlvl`gs mlsplrter og(e) lstumeotl e
a`pgrtäohae ml èotlr rlneâüls fer`goagses lotrl e sghalmeml l e oeturlze,
prlslrveomg e dagmavlrsameml l es huntures. Á olsse plrsplhtave qul es etavamemls
lmuhetaves mlvl` lovgnvlr e lshgne l e hgùoameml l` slu lotgrog, rlcnltar sgdrl
etatumls ml prgtlâèg l prlslrveâèg me oeturlze, maengbeomg pgr `lag mgs maclrlotls
hg`pgolotls hurrahunerl
hurrahunerls.
s.
==

Lmuheâèg pere g Hgosu`g l Lmuheâèg Caoeohlare l Cashen (Zerlhlr

Cashen (Zerlhlr HOL/HLD o» 55/4:5:
l Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HLD o» 2/4:5:) - Lssls tlès epgote` pere edgrmeblos oe lshgne qul
prgpgrhagol` eg(ê) lstumeotl tlr uè hg`prllosèg sgdrl caoeoâes l lhgogàe,
hgosu`g rlspgosåvln, prghlssg ml errlhemeâèg caoeohlare l e epnaheâèg mgs rlhursgs
rlhgnfamgs hg`g te`dá` sue a`pgrtäohae pere g vengr sghaen mgs tradutgs, prghlmëohae
l mlstaoeâèg. Ml `gmg blren, lsses edgrmeblos mlvl` pgssadanater eg(ê) lstumeotl
eoenaser, cezlr hgosamlreâüls cuome`lotemes, tgèr mlhasüls l tlr pgsaâüls hràtahes
sgdrl qulstüls caoeohlares qul lovgnve` e sue vame plssgen, ceànaer l me rlenameml
sghaen l, pgr hgoslbuaotl, hg`prllo
hg`prllomlr
mlr e hamemeoae, e pertahapeâèg sghaen, e a`pgrtäohae
sgdrl es qulstüls tradutåraes, g grâe`lotg pûdnahg, slu hgotrgnl, sue lxlhuâèg l sue
treosperëohae, dl` hg`g e prlslrveâèg mg petra`ýoag pûdnahg.
Lmuheâèg mes Tlneâüls Átoahg-rehaeas l Losaog me Fastørae l Hunture Ecrg-dresanlare,
Ecraheoe l Aomàbloe (Nlas
Aomàbloe (Nlas o» 5:.381/4::8 l 55.3=</4::6, Zerlhlr HOL/HZ o» 8/4::=,
Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HZ o» 5/4::= l Zerlhlr HOL/HLD o» 5=/4:5<) - lsse tl`åtahe mlvl slr
tredenfeme ertahuneme e maclrlotls hg`pgolotls hurrahunerls, ès te`dá` og ä`datg
mg hurràhung hg`g u` tgmg. Mlvl esslburer g hgoflha`lotg
hgoflha`lotg l g rlhgoflha`
rlhgoflha`lotg
lotg mlssls
pgvgs oe cgrèâèg hunturen, sghaen, lhgoýàhe l fastørahe me sghalmeml dresanlare,
e`pnaeomg es rlclrëohaes sghaghuntureas me hgùoameml lshgner oe plrsplhtave me
vengrazeâèg me mavlrsameml átoahg-rehaen, hgotraduaomg pere e hgostruâèg l ecarèâèg ml
maclrlotls amlotameml
amlotamemls.
s.
Á olhlssårag qul es pråtahes lshgnerls hgotl`pnl` ogs slus hurràhungs g losaog me

fastørae l mes huntures ecrg-dresanlare, ecraheoe l aomàbloe hg`g cgrè ml
rlhgoflha`lotg me hgotraduaâèg mlssls pgvgs oe cgrèâèg me ogsse sghalmeml. Mlste
èolare, slrå enheoâeme uè lmuheâèg mes rlneâüls átoahg-rehaeas qul rlsplatl e
mavlrsameml dresanlare l qul dusqul e lrremaheâèg me mlsabuenmeml l me mashraàoeâèg,
loslkeomg e hgostruâèg ml uè sghalmeml desleme og rlhgoflha`lotg mes maclrloâes
l oe vlrmemlare ml`ghrehae rehaen.
Mavlrsameml Hunturen (Zerlhlr
Hunturen (Zerlhlr HOL/HLD o» 55/4:5: l Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HLD o» 2/4:5:) -
Eg edgrmer`gs e mavlrsameml hunturen, dagnøbahe, átoahg-rehaen, mlvl`gs hgosamlrer e
=<

hgostruâèg mes amlotamemls, g hgotlxtg mes mlsabuenmemls l mgs hgocnatgs sghaeas. Lssl
tlè edgrme e hgostruâèg fastørahe, sghaen, pgnàtahe l hunturen mes maclrloâes qul lstèg
nabemes ês rlneâüls ml pgmlr, egs prghlssgs ml hgngoazeâèg l mgàoeâèg.
Lstl hurràhung prgpül eâüls l pråtahes lmuhetaves qul hgotl`pnl` lsse tl`åtahe oe ssene
ene
ml eune l l` tgme hgùoameml lshgner pere qul sl prg`gve g hg`detl eg prlhgohlatg

l ê mashraàoeâèg. Á a`pgrteotl, og hgotlxtg lshgner, pgssadanater e hg`prllosèg ml qul
e sghalmeml fuèoe, sgdrltumg e dresanlare, á hg`pgste pgr vårags lnl`lotgs qul
cgrè` e mavlrsameml hunturen l e amlotameml ml heme pgvg l ml heme hgùoameml. E
pertar mlsse plrsplhtave, mlvl` slr mlslovgnvames etatumls ml rlsplatg ês maclrloâes,
hgosamlreomg qul e hg`pnltuml fuèoe á hgostruàme oe aotlreâèg lotrl es maclrlotls
m aclrlotls
amlotamemls.
Tlneâüls ml Bëolrg (Zerlhlr
Bëolrg (Zerlhlr HOL/HLD o» :2/4:5:, Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HLD o» :4/4:54, Nla
og 55.8=:/4::3 - Nla @erae me Zlofe, Zneog Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg l` Marlatgs Fuèogs,
4::3, Aostruâèg Ogrètave me XLL o» ::2/ 4:52 l Zgrterae @LH o» 88/4:56) - E rlneâèg
ml bëolrg á lotlomame hg`g uè hetlbgrae ml eoånasl qul ekume e ploser e èolare
hg`g es eâüls l pgstures mgs fg`los l mes ùnflrls sèg mltlràoemgs plne hunture
l` qul lstèg aoslramgs (XHG]], 511:). Mlvl slr te`dá` hg`prllomame hg`g u`
hgohlatg deslemg l` perä`ltrgs halotàcahgs ml prgmuâèg ml sedlrls qul treosvlrsenaze
mavlrses årles mg hgoflha`lotg, slomg hepez ml amlotacaher prghlssgs fastørahgs l
huntureas qul hnessacahe` l pgsahagoe` es plssges e pertar ml uè rlneâèg sgdrl g qul á
lotlomamg hg`g clàoaog l èshunaog, lsslohaen pere g mlslovgnva`lotg ml u` gnfer

rlclrlotl ê rlprgmuâèg ml mlsabuenmemls og hgotlxtg lshgner. E plrsplhtave me
‖abuenmeml ml bëolrg‑, og hurràhung, á peute pere u` sastlè lshgner aohnusavg qul hral
eâüls lsplhàcahes ml hg`detl ês mashraàoeâüls
mashraàoeâüls l qul oèg hgotradue pere e rlprgmuâèg
mes mlsabuenmemls qul plrsastl` l` ogsse sghalmeml. Oèg sl trete, pgrteotg,
pg rteotg, ml eouner
es maclrloâes plrhldames lotrl es plssges, ès sa` ml cgrtenlhlr e ml`ghrehae ê `lmame
qul teas maclrloâes oèg sl mlsmgdrl` l` mlsabuenmemls.
E bereotae mlssl mldetl l e lnedgreâèg ml lstretábaes ml locrlote`lotg ês mavlrses
cgrès ml vagnëohae sèg, pgrteotg, marlatgs esslburemgs pgr nla. Lssls sèg peutemgs l`
mlèomes l`lrblohaeas l qul rlecarè` e olhlssameml ml gs lspeâgs lshgnerls slrl`
=3

nøhus ml prg`gâèg me hamemeoae l rlsplatg ês maclrloâes. Zere lcltaver assg, á olhlssårae

e a`pnl`loteâèg ml eâüls hg` e plrsplhtave ml lnaàoer etatumls gu hg`pgrte`lotgs
prlhgohlatugsgs gu mashraàoetørags rlnehagoemgs ê amlae ml aoclragrameml gu
suplragrameml ml quenqulr graloteâèg slxuen, amlotameml gu lxprlssèg ml bëolrg.
Lmuheâèg Ena`loter l Outrahagoen (Nla

Outrahagoen (Nla o» 55.1=2/4::1) - Lssl tlè mlvl slr vavlohaemg
pgr tgme e hgùoameml lshgner ml cgrè hgotàoue l plrèolotl, vaseomg m
mlslovgnvlr
lslovgnvlr
pråtahes lmuhetaves, oe plrsplhtave me slbureoâe ena`loter l outrahagoen, qul rlsplatl`
e hunture, es tremaâüls, gs fådatgs ena`loterls seumåvlas l es saobuneramemls mgs(es)
lstumeotls. Zlrpesse plne vengrazeâèg me ena`loteâèg lshgner, g lquanàdrag lotrl
quenameml l queotameml ml ena`lotgs hgosuàmgs, ená` mg lstumg sgdrl èhrg l
àhrgoutralotlss olhlssårags pere e cgrèâèg mg aomavàmug.
àhrgoutralotl
Mlsse cgrè, g hurràhung trez e lmuheâèg ena`loter

ena`loter l outrahagoen, aoslraomg hgohlatgs ml
ena`loteâèg l outraâèg oes maclrlotls ltepes ml losaog, hgosamlreomg g ehlssg ê
ena`loteâèg seumåvln hg`g enbg cuome`loten pere g hrlsha`lotg l mlslovgnva`lotg
mgs aomavàmugs. Olsse ma`losèg, á olhlssårag qul g hurràhung mlslovgnve e plrhlpâèg
ml qul uè ena`loteâèg emlqueme l seumåvln á u` marlatg fuèog, l qul slke
emquarame l hgosuàme bereotaomg e slbureoâe ena`loter l outrahagoen.
Lmuheâèg pere g ]räosatg

]räosatg - (Nla o» 1.<:8/5112) - E ente aohamëohae ml vagnëohae og
träosatg, aohnusavl hg` `grtls, rl`ltl ê olhlssameml ml aohlotaver e hgoshalotazeâèg
pgr `lag ml u` tredenfg ml lmuheâèg pere g träosatg, lovgnvlomg vengrls l praohàpags
cuome`loteas pere u` hgovàvag sghaen seumåvln; rlsplatg eg prøxa`g, sgnameralmeml,
prumëohae l hu`pra`lotg ês nlas. Á prlhasg prg`gvlr pråtahes lmuhetaves l aotlrsltgraea
aotlrsltgraeass
qul prgdnlètazl` es hgomaâüls me harhuneâèg l hgovavëohae ogs lspeâgs pûdnahgs mlsml
e prøprae lshgne, slke og he`pg gu oe hameml, pere qul sl prg`gve e hgovavëohae èas
fer`goagse ogs lspeâgs hg`pertanfemgs, ml `gmg e aohlotaver uè harhuneâèg èas
slbure ml cgrè lcahalotl l, sgdrltumg, èas fuèoe.
E lmuheâèg pere g träosatg mlvl prlvlr, og hurràhung me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe, e hgostruâèg
ml vengrls marlhagoemgs eg hg`pgrte`lotg rlsplatgsg, eg huamemg hg` es plssges l
=2

hg` g `lag e`dalotl, hgosamlreomg g marlatg fuèog ê vame, qul sl hgostatua og slu
dl` èagr.
]redenfg, Haëohae l ]lhogngbae (Zerlhlr

]lhogngbae (Zerlhlr HOL/HLD o» 55/4:5: l Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HLD o»
2/4:5:) - ]rezlr lsse tl`åtahe pere g hurràhung me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe hgotradua pere e
hg`prllosèg mg ]redenfg loqueotg praohàpag lmuhetavg qul lovgnvl oèg sø mashussüls

ehlrhe mg ùomg mg tredenfg, ès te`dá` ehlrhe mg mlslovgnva`lotg ml hepehamemls
fuèoes pere treoscgrèâèg me rlenameml ètlraen, sghaen. Tlnehagoe-sl eaome ê
hg`prllosèg me Haëohae l ]lhogngbae loqueotg ma`losüls hepezls ml prgvgher
rlcnlxüls l aotlrvloâüls sgdrl g ùomg ogs esplhtgs sghaeas l oetureas sl` plrmlr ml
vaste g heråtlr me sustlotedanameml.
Olssl slotamg, á cuome`loten qul gs hurràhungs l es pråtahes mgs(es) prgclssgrls(es)

prg`gve` e plsquase, hg`g praohàpag plmebøbahg, essghaeme e uè edgrmebl`
rlcnlxave mgs hgotlûmgs qul hgosamlrl e rlneâèg hg`pnlxe lotrl gs pgtlohaeas mg
]redenfg, me Haëohae l me ]lhogngbae pere rlsgnuâèg ml prgdnlès, e e`pnaeâèg me
hepehameml prgmutave l l`prllomlmgre, dl` hg`g pere e bereotae ml u` lspeâg ml
rlcnlxèg l etueâèg hràtahe l átahe sgdrl sues aocnuëohaes ogs a`pehtgs e`daloteas l
sghaeas.
Á a`pgrteotl qul g hurràhung me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe, eg edgrmer lsse tl`åtahe, prg`gve

uè rlcnlxèg sgdrl es mavlrses cgrès ml tredenfg, g usg mes tlhogngbaes, es sues
rlsplhtaves cuoâüls l grbeoazeâèg sghaen l` tgrog ml heme prgcassèg, e hgotraduaâèg
mlsses pere g mlslovgnva`l
m lslovgnva`lotg
otg me sghalmeml, dl` hg`g sgdrl es rlneâüls sghaeas l ml
pgmlr qul sl lstedlnlhl` l` tgrog mg ùomg mg tredenfg.
Xeûml, Same Ceànaer l Xghaen

Xghaen (Zerlhlr HOL/HLD o» 55/4:5:, Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HLD o»
2/4:5:, Mlhrltg o» 2.:82/4::1, Zerlhlr HOL/HZ o» 6/4:54 l Tlsgnuâèg HOL/HZ o»
5/4:54) - E tl`åtahe seûml á u` hgohlatg qul ogs rl`ltl oèg sø ê eusëohae ml mgloâe,
ès, sgdrltumg, eg hg`pnltg dl`-lster qul plr`lae es plssges seumåvlas. E
hgohlpâèg qul sl lotloml pgr seûml tl` rlneâüls marltes hg` g `lag hunturen, sghaen,
pgnàtahg, lhgoýàhg, e`daloten l ecltavg l` qul sl vavl. E vasèg fastørahe mgs mavlrsgs
saboacahemgs ml seûml te`dá` sgcrl veraeâüls eg ngobg mg tl`pg. G hurràhung, eg
=6

mlslovgnvlr lssl tlè, mlvl hgosamlrer e seûml ouè plrsplhtave èas e`pne qul
lovgnvl es våraes ma`losüls mg slr fuèog, teas hg`g; seûml `loten, hg`pgrte`loten,
etatumaoen, grbäoahe, càsahe, `gtgre, ecltave, slosgraen, lotrl gutres.
Á olhlssårag qul e plssge sl plrhlde l` sue ùntama`losagoenameml l qul e lsclre me
seûml slke rlhgoflhame sgd gs mavlrsgs esplhtgs qul lovgnvl` uè vame seumåvln. G
hgotlxtg pgnàtahg rlnetavg e hg`g e sghalmeml lstå grbeoazeme te`dá` aotlrclrl oe
ma`losèg me seûml mg hamemèg. E lstruture me seûml pûdnahe, g pneolke`lotg mes
hamemls, g seole`lotg dåsahg, g lstang ml vame mg/og he`pg gu me/oe hameml, g sastlè
ml treospgrtl l fedatehagoen, es rlneâüls ceànaerls l sghaeas pgmlrèg aotlrclrar oe seûml
mes plssges. Lssls esplhtgs mlvl` slr hgosamlremgs
hgosamlremgs l rlcnltamgs og hurràhung ml cgrè
e nlver gs(es) lstumeotls e hg`prllomlrl` l dusherl` u` lstang ml vame èas seumåvln.
Gs tlès aotlbremgrls, ehaè edgrmemgs, ená` ml lsterl` prlslotls l` fedanamemls l

hg`pltëohaes ml maclrlotls hg`pgolotls hurrahunerls, mlvl` lstaùner g
mlslovgnva`lotg ml etavamemls pere slrl` vavlohaemes og hgotlxtg me lshgne,
lovgnvlomg tgmes es årles mg hgoflha`lotg qul hg`pül` g hurràhung. Zgr assg, á
olhlssårag qul sl rlenazl u` tredenfg aotlrmasha
aotlrmashapnaoer,
pnaoer, `gtavemgr, aohnusavg, rlsunteomg
l` uè lxplraëohae èas loraqulhlmgre pere gs(es) lstumeotls, gs(es) prgclssgrls(es)
pertahapeotlss l tgme e hgùoameml lshgner.
pertahapeotl
5.5: LOXAOG C\OME@LO]EN OE LM\HEÂÈG ML KGSLOX L EM\N]GX
E mlsplatg ml fevlr maclrloâes oes amemls `àoaès pere aobrlssg og Losaog

Cuome`loten l og Losaog @ámag me `gmenameml LKE (5< l 56 eogs hg`pnltgs, og etg me
ètràhune, rlsplhtave`lotl),
rlsplhtave`lotl), e ameml mg pûdnahg
pûdnahg-envg
-envg oèg sl hgocabure hg`g g praohapen
treâg mastaotavg lotrl lsses ltepes. ]e`pguhg sl rlhgrrl e maclrloâes og lståbag ml
mlslovgnva`lotg hgboatavg mg(e) lstumeotl pere mlnaoler gs naàtls l es lsplhacahamemls
ml uè l gutre ltepe me lmuheâèg dåsahe oe `gmenameml.
Meme e fltlrgblolameml qul herehtlraze e Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, á a`pgrteotl
qul, pertaomg mgs gdkltavgs prgpgstgs pere g Losaog Cuome`loten ogs mghu`lotgs
ogrtlemgrls, e lshgne rlhgoflâe es lxplhtetaves l es olhlssamemls mgs(es) lstumeotls
=1

l` rlneâèg e sue prlsloâe og e`dalotl lshgner. Hlrte`lotl, á pgssàvln qul uè `lsè
turè hg`pgrtl lstumeotls eaome oe emgnlshëohae, sl` etueâèg sastl`åtahe og ùomg
mg tredenfg, l gutrgs qul hgohanae` gs lstumgs hg` rgtaoes nedgragses èas lxablotls.
Assg ml`gostre qul es `ûntapnes amlotamemls mgs suklatgs me LKE hgostatul` e prøprae
lssëohae me `gmenameml ‘
`gmenameml ‘ l
l oèg u` lotrevl ê eâèg plmebøbahe.
Olssl hloårag, a`pül-sl g mldetl sgdrl hg`g hgostruar, og mae e mae, uè pråtahe
mghlotl qul, ml cetg, plràte e hgosamlreâèg mlsse mavlrsameml ml suklatgs, hg` sues
rlsplhtaves olhlssamemls cgrètaves, l bereote gs marlatgs ml eprlomazebl` mgs(es)
lstumeotls. Cehl e assg, á a`pgrteotl rlatlrer e hgohlpâèg ml qul e LKE, ml ehgrmg hg`
e Nla 1.81=/13, hgostatua uè `gmenameml me lmuheâèg dåsahe l qul, pgr assg, usucrua ml
uè lsplhacahameml prøprae. Á cuome`loten, pgrteotg, qul g(e) prgclssgr(e) neohl `èg
ml lstretábaes l rlhursgs eprgpraemgs ês herehtlràstahes mgs(es) lstumeotls, nlveomg l`
hgosamlreâèg oèg eploes g qul lnls(es) të` pere eprlomlr, ès sgdrltumg, g qul kå
eprlomlre` l g qul të` pere losaoer, uos egs gutrgs, og lspeâg hgnltavg me turè e
qul plrtlohl`.
Oèg sl trete eploes ml rlprgmuzar mashursgs hrastenazemgs sgdrl hg`g mlvl sl mer e
pråtahe mghlotl. Mlcloml-sl e hgostruâèg ml uè pråtahe mghlotl qul oèg hgosamlrl g
hurràhung cgrèn hg`g a`pgsaâèg ml eèrres, ès sa` hg`g enahlrhl l aostru`lotg ml
graloteâèg pere g mlslovgnva`lotg ml u` hurràhung rlen qul pragrazl e hgostruâèg ml
eprlomazeblos saboacahetaves l hgotlxtuenazemes.
hgotlxtuenazemes.
Gutrg pgotg a`pgrteotl maz rlsplatg ês hgosamlreâüls sgdrl g tl`pg hurrahuner. Mureotl
enbu` tl`pg, lre pgssàvln gdslrver, `ls`g lotrl lmuhemgrls(es) etueotls oe Lmuheâèg
ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, uè hg`prllosèg lquavgheme ml qul e `gmenameml hgosastae l`
u` enablare`lotg ml prghlssgs lmuhetavgs, l` qul
qul gs „hgotlûmgs‐ prlvastgs pere tgmg
g Losaog Cuome`loten prlhaserae` slr rlsuàmgs, hgomlosemgs l tgtenazemgs l` u`
tl`pg `logr qul gs 1 eogs „rlbunerls‐ mlsse ltepe. Hgotumg, hg`prlloml`gs qul
losaoer oe LKE saboacahe kuste`lotl hgosamlrer es eprlomazeblos hgostruàmes plngs
suklatgs l` sue vavëohae ceànaer, sghaen, og ùomg mg tredenfg, oe plrsplhtave me
vengrazeâèg l me hgosteotl rlssaboacaheâèg mlssls sedlrls, ml `gmg e plràtar u`
eprgvlate`lotg setascetørag mg tl`pg mlmahemg plngs(es) lstumeotls ê hgotaouameml

eprgvlate`lotg h gotaouameml me
sue lshgnerazeâèg.
<:

Zgr ca`, hu`prl rlatlrer gutrg pgotg qul `lrlhl e etloâèg

etloâèg ‘
‘ l
l e plrèolotl vabanäohae
‘
‘ mgs(es) prgclssgrls(es) me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs; e a`pgrtäohae ml sl
emgterl` lstretábaes mamåtahes qul rlhgoflâe` es amlotamemls mgs(es) lstumeotls
hg`g kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs l, essa`, oèg gs(es) aoceotanazl`. Matg ml gutre cgrè, á
cuome`loten qul es pråtahes oe LKE slke` mlsvlohanfemes ml etavamemls gu
prghlma`lotgs huke naobuebl` rl`lte lxhnusave`lotl eg uoavlrsg aoceotan, gu qul
aoclragrazl` gu mlsquenacaqul` es hepehamemls hgboataves l l`ghagoeas mgs(es)
lstumeotls kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs. Oèg sl trete ml a`pgr vlmeâüls eg tredenfg, l`
sene ml eune, hg` hgotlxtgs rlclrlotls ês hraeoâes, ès sa` ml rlecarèr e olhlssameml
me emlqueâèg lotrl es etavamemls prgpgstes (aohnuaomg-sl e naobuebl` l`prlbeme
olsses aotlreâüls) l es herehtlràstahes mg pûdnahg e qul` lnes sl mlstaoe`.
5.55 G MGH\@LO]G L X\E GTBEOA[EÂÈG
Hg`g va`gs, g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg ml

Kgvlos l Emuntgs tl` pgr gdkltavg ogrtler es prgpgstes plmebøbahes mgs ùoahàpags, gs
prgkltgs pgnàtahgs plmebøbahgs mes lshgnes l es pråtahes plmebøbahes vavlohaemes l` sene
ml eune. Lstå l` hgosgoäohae hg` e Desl Oehagoen Hgù` Hurrahuner l hg` es Marltrazls
Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas Blreas pere e Lmuheâèg Dåsahe l g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg pere
g Losaog Cuome`loten, hgosamlreomg e cgrèâèg hamemè mgs(es) lstumeotls
plroe`duheogs(es).
G prlslotl vgnu`l, rlclrlotl eg Losaog Cuome`loten me LKE, á cgrèmg pgr maclrlotls

hepàtungs; u`, aoahaen, eprlslote gs prlssupgstgs tlørahgs, gs queas cuome`lote` g
mghu`lotg9 l gutrgs haohg, qul edreobl` mashussüls rlclrlotls teotg ês årles ml
Hgoflha`lotg (Naobueblos, @etl`åtahe, Haëohaes me Oeturlze, Haëohaes Fuèoes l
Losaog Tlnabagsg) queotg egs slus hg`pgolotls hurrahunerls. Olssls hepàtungs, eaome,
epøs e edgrmebl` sgdrl heme hg`pgolotl, lohgotre-sl g rlsplhtavg grbeoazemgr
hurrahuner. Eg caoen ml
m l heme slâèg, eprlslote`-sl es rlclrëohaes dadnagbråcahes.
dadnagbråcahes.
Á a`pgrteotl gdslrver qul, hgocgr`l es pertahuneramemls ml heme hg`pgolotl, gs

grbeoazemgrls hurrahunerls pgml` eprlsloter-sl l` maclrlotls hgocabureâüls, hg`
lnl`lotgs prøprags, hgocgr`l g quemrg e slbuar.
<5

Zråtahes ml He`pgs ml He`pgs \oamemls Gdkltgs ml

Fedanamemls
Naobuebl` Etueâèg ]l`åtahgs ]l`åtahes Hgoflha`lotg
]gmgs gs
Nàobue Eploes hg`pgolotls,
]gmgs gs ]gmgs gs
Zgrtubulse l Nàobue Eploes Ertl lxhltg Nàobue
hg`pgolotls hg`pgolotls
Nàobue Aobnlse Zgrtubulse Zgrtubulse l
Ertl
L` heme grbeoazemgr hurrahuner, u` hømabg pgml slr gdslrvemg eotls me mlshraâèg ml

heme fedanameml. Gs hømabgs emgte` lstruture sl`lnfeotl ê l`prlbeme oe DOHH l og
Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg ‘
Zlroe`duhg ‘ Losaog
Losaog Cuome`loten. Lotrlteotg, ml èolare maclrlotl me
emgteme ogs mghu`lotgs hatemgs, olstl g hømabg ml heme fedanameml plràtl amlotacaher,
pgr `lag mes aoahaeas EA gu EC, sl e fedanameml sl mlstaoe egs Eogs Aoahaeas gu egs Eogs
Caoeas me ltepe mg Losaog Cuome`loten oe `gmen
`gmenameml,
ameml, rl
rlsplhtave`lotl.
splhtave`lotl. Lsse
hgocabureâèg sl kustacahe l` rezèg me pgssadanameml ml es rlmls ùoahapeas emgterl`,
pere g Losaog Cuome`loten oe LKE, grbeoazeâüls mavlrses me prgpgste plne rlml
lstemuen4 ‘ qul
‘ qul sl mastradua l` 6 (gatg) `ømungs sl`lstreas.
Ená` ml aomaher sl es fedanamemls sl mlstaoe` egs Eogs Aoahaeas gu egs Caoeas, gs hømabgs
plràtl` gdslrver, pgr `lag mg ehrásha`g me sabne ZL, qul e fedanameml rlhldlu
hgotraduaâèg mes aostatuaâüls pûdnahes l/gu pravemes mg Lstemg, gu qul cga venameme pgr
lnes. Mlsse èolare, g hømabg LCLKEEANZ54ZL
LCLKEEANZ54ZL,, pgr lxl`png, rlprlslote
rlprlslote;;
LCLKE ‘ Losaog
LCLKE ‘ Losaog Cuome`loten me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs.
EA
EA ‘ Eogs
‘ Eogs Aoahaeas.
NZ
NZ ‘ Nàobue
‘ Nàobue Zgrtubulse.
:5
:5 ‘ Ou`lreâèg
‘ Ou`lreâèg me fedanameml ‘
fedanameml ‘ olstl
olstl hesg, pra`lare fedanameml.
ZL
ZL ‘ Es
‘ Es rlmls ml losaog ml Zlroe`duhg rlenazere` enbuè `gmacaheâèg olste fedanameml
me DOHH, gu e venamere`.
4 @uates rlmls ùoahapeas gclrte` e LKE l` cesls eoueas, slb`lotgs

slb`lotgs gu `ls`g laxgs sl`lstreas.
<4

Gutrg lxl`png; LCLKEEC@E:5ZL

LCLKEEC@E:5ZL
LCLKE ‘ Losaog
LCLKE ‘ Losaog Cuome`loten me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs.
EC ‘ Eogs
EC ‘ Eogs Caoeas.
@E ‘ @etl`åtahe.
@E ‘ @etl`åtahe.
54
54 ‘ Ou`lreâèg
‘ Ou`lreâèg me fedanameml ‘
fedanameml ‘ máhaè
máhaè slbuome fedanameml mgs eogs caoeas mg Losaog
Cuome`loten me LKE.
ZL
ZL ‘ Es
‘ Es rlmls ml losaog ml Zlroe`duhg rlenazere` enbuè `gmacaheâèg olste fedanameml
me DOHH, gu e venamere`.
<8

5.54 TLCLTËOHAEX
ETTGQG, @. Deneoâg me LKE;LKE; g qul cuome`loten; prgpgste hurrahuner - 5»

ùmgu ogs `gmgs ml vame mgs kgvlos- slb`lotg. Xèg Zeung; Eâèg Lmuhetave9
slb`lotg.
emuntgs pgpunerls. Maspgoàvln l`; Dresànae; @LH, 4::5.
fttp;//www.olmlke.ucc.dr/aomlx.pfp/d
gdnagtlhe/2-ertabgs/82-denehg-me-lke-g- DTEXAN. @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg.
qul-ùmgu-ogs-`gmgs-ml-vame-mgs- Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg Cuome`loten
kgvlos-emuntgs-pgpunerls.
kgvlos-emuntgs-pgpunerl s. Ehlssg l`; Zrgpgste Hurrahuner pere e lmuheâèg ml
4: ml èag ml 4:51. kgvlos l emuntgs;
emuntgs; slbuomg slb`lotg mg
losaog cuome`loten; <e e 6e sáral;
ETTGQG, @. B. Lmuheâèg ml kgvlos- aotrgmuâèg. Dresànae; @LH, 4::4.
emuntgs; u` he`pg ml marlatgs l ml
rlspgosedanameml pûdnahe. Ao; XGETLX, DTEXAN. Nla o» 5:.381, ml 1 ml keolarg ml
Nlýohag9 BAGSEOL]]A, @erae E`ánae B. 4::8. Entlre e Nla og 1.81=, ml 4: ml
4::8.
H.9 BG@LX, Oanè Naog (Grbs.). Maångbgs mlzl`drg ml 5113, qul lstedlnlhl es
oe lmuheâèg ml kgvlos l emuntgs.
emuntgs. Dlng marltrazls l desls me lmuheâèg oehagoen,
Fgrazgotl; Eutëotahe, 4::<. p. 51-<:. pere aohnuar og hurràhung gcahaen me Tlml
ml Losaog e gdrabetgralmeml me tl`åtahe
DTEXAN. Nla og. 1.81=, ml 4: ml „Fastørae l Hunture Ecrg-
Ecrg-Dresanlare‐, l må
mlzl`drg ml 5113. 5113. Lstedlnlhl es gutres prgvamëohaes. Maårag Gcahaen me
Marltrazls l Desls me Lmuheâèg Oehagoen. \oaèg, Dresànae, 4::8.
Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg, Dresànae, 5113.
DTEXAN. Nla og. 5:.2=5, ml 5g ml
DTEXAN. Nla og. 1.<:8, ml 48 ml gutudrg ml 4::8.4::8. Maspül sgdrl g
sltl`drg ml 5112.
5112. Aostatua g Hømabg ml lstetutg mg amgsg l må gutres
]räosatg Dresanlarg. Maårag Gcahaen me prgvamëohaes. Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg,
\oaèg, Dresànae, 5112. Dresànae, 4::8.
DTEXAN. Nla og. 1.21<, ml 42 ml edran ml DTEXAN. Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg.

5111. Maspül sgdrl e lmuheâèg
5111. Hgoslnfg Znlog. Zerlhlr o» 8, ml 5: ml
e`daloten, aostatua e Zgnàtahe Oehagoen ml èrâg ml 4::=.
4::=. Lstedlnlhl Marltrazls
Lmuheâèg E`daloten l må gutres Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere e Lmuheâèg
prgvamëohaes. Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg, mes Tlneâüls Átoahg-Tehaeas l pere e
Dresànae, 5111. Lmuheâèg mes Tlneâüls Átoahg-Tehaeas l
pere g Losaog ml Fastørae l Hunture Ecrg-
DTEXAN Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg. Dresanlare l Ecraheoe. Maårag Gcahaen me
Häère ml Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Zerlhlr o» \oaèg, Dresànae, 4::=, Xlâèg 5, p.55.
55, ml 5: ml èag ml 4:::.
4::: . Marltrazls
Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere e Lmuheâèg DTEXAN. @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg.
ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs. Maårag Gcahaen me Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg.
\oaèg, Dresànae, 4:::. Hgoslnfg Znlog. Tlsgnuâèg oº 5, 52 ml
kuofg ml 4::=4::=.. Aostatua Marltrazls
DTEXAN, @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg. Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere e Lmuheâèg
Xlhrlterae ml l Lmuheâèg
Encedltazeâèg Hgotaoueme,
Mavlrsameml. Lmuheâèg mes Tlneâüls
Losaog Átoahg-rehaeas
ml Fastørae l pere
l Hunture g
Ecrg-
pere kgvlos l emuntgs; losaog
<=

Dresanlare l Ecraheoe. Maårag Gcahaen me DTEXAN. Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg.

\oaèg. Dresànae, 4::=. Häère ml Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Zerlhlr og.
55, ml 2 ml gutudrg ml 4:5:.
4:5: . Marltrazls
DTEXAN. Xlhrlterae Lsplhaen mgs Marlatgs Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere g Losaog
Fuèogs. @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg. Cuome`loten ml 1 (ogvl) eogs. Maårag
@aoastárag me Kustaâe. \OLXHG. Zneog Gcahaen me \oaèg, Dresànae, 4:5:, Xlâèg 5,
Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg l Marlatgs p.46.
Fuèogs.. Dresànae, 4::3.
Fuèogs
DTEXAN. Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg.
DTEXAN. Nla og. 55.8=:, ml 2 ml ebgstg Häère ml Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Tlsgnuâèg
ml 4::3.
4::3. Nla @erae me Zlofe. Maårag o» 2, ml 5= ml mlzl`drg ml 4:5:.
4:5: . Caxe
Gcahaen me \oaèg, Dresànae, 4::3. Marltrazls Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere g
Losaog Cuome`loten ml 1 (ogvl) eogs.
DTEXAN. Nla og. 55.3=<, ml 5: ml èrâg Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg, Dresànae, 4:5:,
ml 4::6.
4::6. Aohnua og hurràhung gcahaen me Xlâèg 5, p.8=.
rlml ml losaog e gdrabetgralmeml me
tl`åtahe „Fastørae l Hunture Ecrg- Ecrg - DTEXAN. Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml
dresanlare l Aomàbloe‐. Maårag Gcahaen me Lmuheâèg/Hgoslnfg Znlog. Zerlhlr og.
\oaèg, Dresànae, 4::6. 6, ml :3 ml èrâg ml 4:54.
4:54. Lstedlnlhl
Marltrazls Oehagoeas pere e Lmuheâèg l`
DTEXAN. Nla og. 55.1=2, ml 53 ml kuofg Marlatgs Fuèogs. Maårag Gcahaen me
ml 4::1. Maspül
4::1. Maspül sgdrl
s gdrl g etloma`lotg me \oaèg, Dresànae, 4:54, Xlâèg 5, p.88.
ena`loteâèg lshgner l mg Zrgbreè
Maoflarg Marltg oe Lshgne egs enuogs me DTEXAN. @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg.
lmuheâèg ZÅBAOE =6 dåsahe9 entlre es Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg9
Nlas og. 5:.66:, ml 1 ml kuofg ml 4::=, Hgoslnfg Znlog. Tlsgnuâèg og. 5, ml 8:
55.428, ml 3 ml clvlrlarg ml 4::3, ml èag ml 4:54.
4:54. Lstedlnlhl Marltrazls
55.<:2, ml 4: ml kunfg ml 4::29 rlvgbe Oehagoeas Hurrahunerls pere e Lmuheâèg
maspgsatavgs me @lmame Zrgvasørae og. l` Marlatgs Fuèogs. Maårag Gcahaen me
4.526-83, ml 4= ml ebgstg ml 4::5, l e \oaèg, Dresànae, 4:54, Xlâèg 5, p.=6.
Nla o g.6.158, ml 54 ml kunfg ml 511=9 l
må gutres prgvamëohaes. Maårag Gcahaen me DTEXAN. Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml
\oaèg, Dresànae, 4::1. Lmuheâèg/Hgoslnfg

5=, ml :3 ml kuofg mlZnlog.
4:54 .Zerlhlr
4:54. og.
Lstedlnlhl
DTEXAN. Mlhrltg og. 2.:82, ml 45 ml Marltrazls Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere e
mlzl`drg ml 4::1.
4::1. Eprgve g Zrgbreè Lmuheâèg E`daloten. Maårag Gcahaen me
Oehagoen ml Marlatgs Fuèogs ‘
Fuèogs ‘ ZOMF-
ZOMF- \oaèg, Dresànae, 4:54, Xlâèg 5, p.56.
8 l må gutres prgvamëohaes. Maårag Gcahaen
me \oaèg, Dresànae, 4::1. DTEXAN. @aoastárag ml Lmuheâèg.
Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg9
DTEXAN. Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg. Hgoslnfg Znlog. Tlsgnuâèg og. 4, ml 5<
Häère ml Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Zerlhlr o» ml kuofg ml 4:54. 4:54. Lstedlnlhl es
2, ml 2 ml edran ml 4:5:.
4:5: . Marltrazls Marltrazls Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas pere e
Hurrahunerls Oehagoeas Blreas pere e Lmuheâèg E`daloten. Maårag Gcahaen me
Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg, \oaèg, Dresànae, 4:54, Xlâèg 5, p.2:.
Dresànae, 4:5:, Xlâèg 5, p.5:.
<<

DTEXAN. Nla og. 54.6<4, ml < ml ebgstg DTEXAN. Hgostatuaâèg me Tlpûdnahe

ml 4:58.
4:58. Aostatua g Lstetutg me Clmlretave mg Dresan
Dresan (5166). Dresànae;
Kuvlotuml l maspül sgdrl gs marlatgs mgs Xloemg Clmlren, 5166. Maspgoàvln l`;
kgvlos, gs praohàpags l marltrazls mes www.pneoentg.bgv.dr/hhavanW:8/hgostatuahe
ghg`panemg.ft`. Ehlssg l`; 44 ml edran ml
pgnàtahes pûdnahes ml kuvlotuml l g
4:51.
sastlè oehagoen ml kuvlotuml
XAOEK\SL. Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg,
Dresànae, 4:58. MLNGTX, K. (Hggrm.).
lmuheâèg. Gs quetrg
Ao; Lmuheâèg; panerls mee
u` tlsgurg
mlshgdrar. Xèg
mlshgdrar. Xèg Zeung; Hgrtlz, 5113.
DTEXAN, Xlhrlterae Blren me Zrlsamëohae
me Tlpûdnahe. Xlhrlterae Oehagoen ml
CTLATL, Z. Zlmebgbae me eutgogàe.
eutgogàe.
Ertahuneâèg Xghaen. @erhg ml Tlclrëohae
Xedlrls olhlssårags ê pråtahe lmuhetave.
me Lmuheâèg Zgpuner pere Zgnàtahes
Xèg Zeung; Zez l ]lrre, 5113.
Zûdnahes.. Dresànae, 4:5=.
Zûdnahes
CTLATL. E a`pgrtäohae mg etg ml nlr;
nlr; l`
DTEXAN. Hgoslnfg Oehagoen ml Lmuheâèg.
trës ertabgs qul sl hg`pnlte`. Xèg
Häère ml Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Zerlhlr o»
Zeung; Eutgrls Essghaemgs; Hgrtlz,
5=, ml 55 ml ogvl`drg ml 4:5<. 4:5<.
5161.
Marltrazls Gplrehagoeas pere e
a`pnl`loteâèg me fastørae l mes
huntures mgs pgvgs aomàbloes oe BETMOLT, F. Edgrmeblos `ûntapnes ê
aotlnabëohae. Ao; ANLTAX, I. (Grb.) ]lgraes
Lmuheâèg Dåsahe, l` mlhgrrëohae me Nla
hgotl`pgräoles me eprlomazebl`.
eprlomazebl`.
55.3=</4::6. Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg,
Zgrtg Enlbrl; Zlosg, 4:58, p. 542-582.
Dresànae, 4:5<.
@G\TE, Her`lo Druolnna ml. Neâgs
DTEXAN. Nla og. 58.4<2, ml 6 ml èrâg ml
Aotlrblrehagoeas oe LKE. Ao; BETHAE,
4:53.. Maspül sgdrl es pgnàtahes pûdnahes
4:53
Tloete @gotlarg9 XANSE, @ernuhl
pere e pra`lare aocäohae l entlre e Nla og.
Zlrlare (grbeoazeâèg). LKE, mavlrsameml
6.:31, ml 58 ml kunfg ml 511: (Lstetutg
l aohnusèg;
aohnusèg; rlcnlxüls a`plrtaolotls. -
me Hraeoâe l mg Emgnlshlotl)
Emgnlshlotl),, g mlhrltg-
Kgèg Zlssge; Lmatgre me \CZD, 4:56.
nla og. 8.361, ml 8 ml gutudrg ml 51=5
(Hømabg mg Zrghlssg Zloen), e
ZLTOE@D\HG, Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg.
Hgosgnameâèg
eprgveme plngmes Nlas mg ]redenfg
mlhrltg-nla (HN]),
og. <.=<4, ml Xudsàmags pere e Grbeoazeâèg me Zråtahe
Zlmebøbahe oes Lshgnes
Lshgnes - Hgnlâèg
5: ml èag ml 51=8, e Nla og. 55.22:, ml
Zrgclssgrls Herngs @ehaln. Tlhacl, 5114.
1 ml sltl`drg ml 4::6, l e Nla og.
54.334, ml < ml kuofg ml 4:54. Maårag
Gcahaen me \oaèg, Dresànae, 4:53.
Desl Hgù` Hurrahuner (DHH)
(DHH) pere es
rlmls pûdnahes ml losaog ml
DTEXAN, @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg. Desl
Zlroe`duhg, 4::6.
Oehagoen Hgù` Hurrahuner.
Hurrahuner. Lmuheâèg
á e desl. Dresànae, 4:56.
Graloteâüls ]lørahg- @ltgmgnøbahes
@ltgmgnøbahes
DTEXAN. @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg.
pere g Losaog Cuome`loten me Lmuheâèg
Zgrterae o g. 88, ml 52 ml keolarg ml
ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs. 4:54. Maspgoàvln
4:56.. Dresànae, 4:56.
4:56 l`; fttp;//www.lmuheheg.pl.bgv.dr.
Ehlssg l`; 5: ml gutudrg ml 4:56.
<3

ZLTOE@D\HG, Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg. TLENL, @abuln. Cangsgcae mg Marlatg.

Marlatg. 55.
Zerä`ltrgs Hurrahunerls ml lm. Xèg Zeung; Xereave, 5163.
Zlroe`duhg.. Tlhacl, 4:54.
Zlroe`duhg
XEHTAX]ÅO, Kgsá Ba`log. Xedlrls l
Aohlrtlzes sgdrl g hurràhung.
hurràhung. Zgrtg
Zerä`ltrgs Hurrahunerls oe Xene ml
Enlbrl; Zlosg, 4:58.
Eune.. Tlhacl, 4:58.
Eune
XANSE, ]gèz ]emlu me. Mghu`lotgs ml
ZLTOE@D\HG. Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg.
amlotameml;; \è aotrgmuâèg ês tlgraes
amlotameml
Zerä`ltrgs ml Cgrèâèg Mghlotl.
Mghlotl.
mg hurràhung. 4ª lm. 55ª rla`prlssèg ‘
‘
Tlhacl, 4:5=.
Dlng Fgrazgotl; Eutëotahe, 4::2.
ZLTOE@D\HG. Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg
l Lspgrtls. Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg;
Zlroe`duhg;
losaog cuome`loten. Tlhacl, 4:51.
<2

NAOB\EBLOX
<6

<1

4 ÅTLE; NAOB\EBLOX
4.5. NAOB\EBLOX
Oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, á hgù` qul gs prgclssgrls sl mlperl` hg`

satueâüls qul lxpnahate` g mlsecag ml pýr l` mldetl gs hgoflha`lotgs hgostruàmgs
plngs(es) lstumeotls eg ngobg me vame, ùates vlzls kå desteotl hgosgnamemgs, l es
plrsplhtaves ehemëàhes, halotàcahes, sastlètazemes mg hgoflha`lotg lshgner. Á
prgvåvln qul, l` mavlrses satueâüls, lssls maclrlotls sedlrls lotrl` l` hfgqul,
prgvgheomg uè rupture hg` es lxplhtetaves
lxplhtetaves hraemes oèg eploes plngs
plngs(es)
(es) lstumeotls,
ès te`dá` plngs(es) prgclssgrls(es).
Olssl hgotlxtg, á a`pgrteotl rlhgoflhlr es pgssadanamemls ml hgocnatg lotrl lssls

maclrlotls sedlrls hg`g uè prgmutave ètárae-praè pere e rlcnlxèg l e hgostruâèg
ml ogvgs hgoflha`lot
hgoflha`lotgs.
gs. G tredenfg hg` es maclrlotls naobueblos essu`l a`pgrtäohae
cuome`loten olssl prghlssg, eg prg`gvlr e tgème ml mlhasüls rlcnlxaves l hràtahes oes
aotlreâüls qul gs(es) lstumeotls lstedlnlhl` hgosabg l hg` gs gutrgs. L` gutres
penevres, gs hg`pgolotls hurrahunerls me årle ml naobueblos mlvl` sl loherrlber ml
nlver gs(es) lstumeotls e rlcnltarl` sgdrl gs louohaemgs hgohrltgs (tlxtgs vlrdeas,
vasueas, blstueas, sgogrgs lth.) qul hgostrgl` oes èas mavlrses satueâüls me vame,
hgosamlreomg g hgokuotg ml lnl`lotgs qul hg`pül` e satueâèg hgùoahetave. Olssl
`gva`lotg maenøbahg, es pråtahes plmebøbahes mlvl` lstaùner gs(es) lstumeotls me LKE
e essuàrl` pepáas etavgs, oèg eploes oe hgostruâèg mes sues eprlomazeblos, ès
te`dá` oe prøprae rlenazeâèg me eune, pgr `lag, lotrl gutres lstretábaes,
lstretábaes, me mlcaoaâèg
ml etraduaâüls aomavamueas l hgnltaves og lspeâg me sene ml eune, pgr lxl`png.
Olssl slotamg, á a`pgrteotl prg`gvlr satueâüls mamåtahes oes queas

q ueas gs suklatgs kgvlos,
emuntgs l amgsgs rlcnate` sgdrl sue etueâèg l` pråtahes sghaeas naobuàstahes, mashursaves,
ertàstahes, hgrpgreas, sgogres, ml `gmg e (rl)evenaer lsse etueâèg l` uè plrsplhtave
hràtahe, rlcnlxave l fuèoazemgre, ê nuz mgs sedlrls hurrahunerls fastgrahe`lotl
hgostruàmgs. Lssl `gva`lotg vase, pgrteotg, prgpgrhagoer u` eprgcuome`lotg mgs
sedlrls mgs(es) lstumeotls,

lstumeotls, qul sèg g pgotg ml pertame me pråtahe plmebøbahe oe LKE.
3:

]en plrsplhtave a`pnahe, eaome, hgosamlrer e evenaeâèg me eprlomazebl` hg`g u`

prghlssg plrèolotl ml rlmarlhagoe`lotg mes lstretábae
lstretábaess ml losaog l eprlomazebl
eprlomazebl`,
`,
l oèg hg`g `lheoas`g ml hnessacaheâèg mgs(es) lstumeotls. Og he`pg mes naobueblos,
á a`pgrteotl mlsteher e prlsloâe hgosteotl me evenaeâèg oes ogsses pråtahes mashursaves
hgtamaeoes.
Zgr ca`, hedl rlcnltar sgdrl e qulstèg me slnlâèg ml hgotlûmgs e pertar mes vavëohaes
mgs(es) lstumeotls. G Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg eprlslote mavlrses fedanamemls qul
prlhase` slr hgostruàmes plngs(es) lstumeotls9 teas fedanamemls mlvl` slr hgosamlremes,
plngs mghlotls me årle ml Naobueblos me Lmuheâèg
Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, hg`g gdkltg ml
aovlstabeâèg, hg`g pgotg ml pertame oe ltepe mg pneolke`lotg l hg`g gdkltavg mes
pråtahes mlslovgnvames hg` gs(es) lstumeotls me `gmenameml. Lssl `gva`lotg rlqulr
uè nlature hratlragse l hràtahe, ml `gmg qul gs(es) prgclssgrls(es) me `gmenameml
prg`gve` hgosteotl`lotl e emlqueâèg mgs atlos prlslotls ogs grbeoazemgrls
hurrahunerls ês olhlssamemls cgrètaves mgs(es) lstumeotls.
4.4 HG@ZL]ËOHAEX LXZLHÀCAHEX ML NAOB\EBLOX ZETE G LOXAOG

C\OME@LO]EN
5. Hg`prllomlr es naobueblos hg`g hgostruâèg fuèoe, fastørahe, sghaen l hunturen, ml

oeturlze maoäàhe, rlhgoflhlomg-es l vengrazeomg-es hg`g cgrès ml saboacaheâèg me
rlenameml l lxprlssèg ml sudkltavamemls l amlotamemls sghaeas l huntureas.
4. Hgoflhlr l lxpngrer mavlrses pråtahes ml naobuebl` (ertàstahes, hgrpgreas l naobuàstahes)

l` maclrlotls he`pgs me etavameml fuèoe pere hgotaouer eprlomlomg, e`pnaer sues
pgssadanamemls ml pertahapeâèg oe vame sghaen l hgnedgrer pere e hgostruâèg ml uè
sghalmeml èas kuste, ml`ghråtahe l aohnusave.
8. \tanazer maclrlotls
m aclrlotls naobueblos
naobueblos ‘
‘ vlrden
vlrden (gren gu vasuen-`gtgre, hg`g Nadres, l lshrate),
hgrpgren, vasuen, sgogre l mabaten, pere sl lxprlsser l pertanfer aocgrèâüls, lxplraëohaes,
amlaes l slota`lotgs l` maclrlotls hgotlxtgs
hgotlxtgs l prgmuzar slotamgs
s lotamgs qul nlvl` eg maångbg,
ê rlsgnuâèg ml hgocnatgs l ê hggplreâèg.
=. \tanazer maclrlotls naobueblos pere mlclomlr pgotgs ml vaste qul rlsplatl` g gutrg l
prg`gve`
l` ä`datg gs marlatgs
nghen, fuèogs,
rlbagoen e hgoshaëoh
hgoshaëohae
l bngden, etueomgaehratahe`lotl
sghage`daloten l gehgosu`g
crlotl qulstülsrlspgosåvln
mg ùomg
hgotl`pgräolg.
35

<. Mlslovgnvlr g slosg lstátahg pere rlhgoflhlr, cruar l rlsplater es mavlrses

èoaclsteâüls ertàstahes l huntureas, mes ngheas ês ùomaeas, aohnusavl equlnes
plrtlohlotls eg petra`ýoag hunturen me fuèoameml, dl` hg`g pertahaper ml pråtahes
mavlrsacahemes, aomavamueas l hgnltaves, me prgmuâèg ertàstahg-hunturen, hg` rlsplatg ê
mavlrsameml ml sedlrls, amlotamemls l huntures.
3. Hg`prllomlr l utanazer tlhogngbaes mabateas ml aocgrèâèg l hgùoaheâèg ml cgrè

hràtahe, saboacahetave, rlcnlxave l átahe oes mavlrses pråtahes sghaeas (aohnuaomg es lshgnerls),
pere sl hgùoaher pgr `lag mes maclrlotls naobueblos l `àmaes, prgmuzar
hgoflha`lotgs, rlsgnvlr prgdnlès l mlslovgnvlr prgkltgs eutgreas l hgnltavgs.
34

38

4.8 TLCLTËOHAEX
DEIF]AO, @. @. Lstátahe me hraeâèg TGKG, T. Lshgne hgolhteme;

hgolhteme; gs
vlrden. 3. lm. ]remuâèg Zeung Dlzlrre. ùntanltre`lotgs l es ]AHs. Xèg Zeung;
Xèg Zeung; @ertaos Cgotls, 4:55. Zerådgne Lmatgraen, 4:58. \OLXHG.
Hgoclrëohae Aotlroehagoen ml Lmuheâèg
DLOSLOAX]L, L. Me sudkltavameml oe ml Emuntgs (S; 5122, Fe`durbg,
naobuebl`. Ao; Zrgdnlès ml Naobuàstahe Enlèofe). Mlhnereâèg ml Fe`durbg,
Fe`durbg,
Blren A.
A. 8. lm. Xèg Zeung; Zgotls, 5115. Eblome pere g Cuturg. Dresànae;
XLXA/\OLXHG, 5111.
DTEXAN. @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg.
Xlhrlterae me Lmuheâèg Dåsahe. Desl SALATE ZAO]G, Ånverg. Xltl naâüls sgdrl
Oehagoen Hgù` Hurrahuner. Dresànae, lmuheâèg ml emuntgs.
emuntgs. 53. lm. Xèg Zeung;
4:56. Hgrtlz, 4:5:.
HEXXLD-BENSÈG, S.9 OLSLX, @. F. @. SANNEX DGEX, Dloaboe @erae Crlates.

(Grbs.). G tgmg me nàobue;
nàobue; tlgrae l Evenaeâèg Cgrètave l Cgrèâèg ml
pråtahe mg losaog ml pgrtubuës. Xèg prgclssgrls;; eaome u` mlsecag. Tlvaste
prgclssgrls
Zeung; Zerådgne Lmatgraen, 4:52. Naofes Hràtahes. Dresànae, v. 54, o.44, p.
2<-1:, 4::5.
BLTENMA, K. R. Zgrtgs ml Zessebl`. =.
lm. Xèg Zeung; @ertaos Cgotls, 5112. SQBG]XIQ, N. X. E Hgostruâèg mg
Zlose`lotg l me Naobuebl`.
Naobuebl`. 4. lm. Xèg
Zeung; @ertaos Cgotls, 4::
3=

3<

NÀOB\E
ZGT]\B\LXE
4.=. NÀOB\E ZGT]\B\LXE
4.=.5 E Nàobue Zgrtubulse l slus Zrlssupgstgs ]lørahgs
33

32

4.= NÀOB\E ZGT]\B\LXE
4.=.5 E NÀOB\E ZGT]\B\LXE L XL\X ZTLXX\ZGX]GX ]LØTAHGX
G losaog me Nàobue Zgrtubulse oe LKE, slbuomg gs mghu`lotgs qul ogrtlae` lssl

losaog, teas hg`g gs Zerä`ltrgs pere e Lmuheâèg Dåsahe mg Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg,
Zerä`ltrgs Hurrahunerls ml Nàobue Zgrtubulse/Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs l
hgosamlreomg es vasüls ml ùomg l sedlrls právags mgs(es) lstumeotls, hgohldl e
nàobue hg`g gdkltg ml aotlreâèg (DEIF]AO, 4::4) l hg`g rlsuntemg ml uè vasèg
sghagmashursave ml naobuebl`. Xlbuomg @erhushfa (4::6, p.48), „tgmg usg eutëotahg me
nàobue á clatg l` tlxtgs prgmuzamgs pgr suklatgs fastørahgs l sghaeas ml herol l gssg, qul
èotë` enbu` tapg ml rlneâèg lotrl sa l vase` e enbu` gdkltavg l` hgù`‐. Essa`, oe
eprlomazebl` ml uè nàobue lstèg lovgnvames es hepehamemls ml guvar, cener, nlr,

lshrlvlr, ená` me hepehameml ml eoånasl mlsse nàobue, mlslovgnvlomg, og (e) lstumeotl,
sues hepehamemls mashursaves pere aotlrebar l` maclrlotls hgotlxtgs ml usg l oèg eploes
pere g mg`àoag ml lstrutures breètahe
breètaheas
as l tlxtueas.
Hgosamlreomg lsse hgohlpâèg sghagaotlrehagoaste me naobuebl`, hgohlpâèg prlslotl,

sgdrltumg, ogs tredenfgs mlslovgnvamgs pgr Deiftao (4::4) l ogs lstumgs ml Sybgtsiy
(5118), hukes plsquases edgrme` e a`pgrtäohae me aotlreâèg oe cgrèâèg mes
hepehamemls sghaghgboataves mg fg`l`, es etavamemls pere eprgpraeâèg mg sastlè ml
lshrate l pere e sastlètazeâèg mgs hgoflha`lotgs naobuàstahgs, lstèg cuome`lotemes
l` pråtahes sghaeas lcltaves ml nlature, lshrate l grenameml, es queas prlhase` lster
rlnehagoemes hg` g hgotlxtg sghaghunturen l` qul g(e) lstumeotl me LKE lstå
aoslramg(e), vastg qul g `lag aocnulohae oe eprlomazebl`. Á a`pgrteotl prghurer nlver
lssl(e) lstumeotl e hgosamlrer e eprlomazebl` me nàobue(bl`) hg`g u` nlbàta`g
aostru`lotg ml aotlreâèg. Lsplre-sl qul sl dusqul e`pnaer e rlneâèg mlssl(e) lstumeotl
hg` e nàobue ètlroe, lnaàoeomg pgssàvlas macahunmemls (gu treuès) l gpgrtuoazeomg-
nfl u` usg lcahez l prezlrgsg.
Zere ená` me hunture mg a`prlssg, qul prlhase tlr hlotrenameml oe lmuheâèg lshgner, á
lsslohaen hgosamlrer e hunture mabaten, gs ùntanltre`lotgs l gs ogvgs nltre`lotgs, gu
36

slke, ogves pråtahes sghaeas ml naobuebl`, nlveomg-sl l` hgosamlreâèg es lxplraëohaes

mgs suklatgs kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs. Hg`g senalote e DOHH (DTEXAN, 4:56),
oèg sèg sg`lotl ogvgs bëolrgs qul surbl` gu sl treoscgrè` (hg`g pgst,
twllt, `l`l, èsfup, pneynast hg`loteme, rlpgrtebl` ùntaàmaåtahe,
rlnetg ùntaàmaåtahg, vngb, vamlgàoutg, pgnatahen rlàx, tutgraeas l` vàmlg,
lotrl gutrgs), ès ogves eâüls, prghlma`lotgs l etavamemls (hurtar,
hg`loter, rlmastraduar, hg`pertanfer, tebuler, slbuar/ slr slbuamg, rlàmaer,
rlàxer, hurer, hgnlhagoer/mlshgnlhagoer, hgnedgrer lth.) qul supül` g
mlslovgnva`lotg ml gutres fedanamemls. (DTEXAN, 4:56, p.=62)
L` rlneâèg egs gdkltgs ml hgoflha`lotg l fedanamemls slnlhagoemgs pere e LKE l

nlveomg l` hgote te`dá` g hgotlxtg sghaen l` qul lssl(e) lstumeotl lstå aoslramg, á
prlhasg hgosamlrer gs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl` ou` vaás hgnedgretavg l
aotlrmashapnaoer. G(e) lstumeotl qul aobrlsse oe LKE crlqulotl`lotl tl` uè trekltørae
ml lxhnusèg me lshgne. \è trekltørae èrheme, ùates vlzls, pgr lvesüls gu
rlprgveâüls. Lssl(e) lstumeotl `gstre g crehessg mg sastlè lshgner oe bereotae me
lshgnerameml dåsahe hg`pnlte pere tgme e pgpuneâèg. Zgrteotg, oe LKE, á prlhasg

hgosamlrer vengrls, tredenfer te`dá` g rlsplatg l g rlhgoflha`lotg me mavlrsameml
prlslotl olsse `gmenameml l prgpgrhagoer e lssl(e) lstumeotl ogves lxplraëohaes pere
lnl untrepesser g hgoflhamg l g vavlohaemg.
Zrltloml-sl u` hurràhung gralotemg ês olhlssamemls, egs aotlrlssls l egs eoslags

plssgeas l prgcassagoeas mg(e) lstumeotl me LKE. Hgosamlreomg-sl g tl`pg rlmuzamg,
ehrlmate`gs qul oèg deste eploes lnaàoer, hgomloser gu mlscaburer hgotlûmgs, ès
gdslrver g qul á rlnlveotl pere lssl(e) lstumeotl hg` herehtlràstahes tèg plhunaerls.
Oèg sl trete ml eusëohae tgten ml pneolke`lotg gu cente ml hratárags l gdkltavgs, ès ml

u` hurràhung rlen`lotl marlhagoemg e lssl pûdnahg.
4.=.4 LAVGX LX]T\]\TEO]LX; EX ZTÅ]AHEX ML NA

NAOB\EBL@
OB\EBL@ L GX HE@ZGX
ML E]\EÂÈG
Gs gdkltgs ml hgoflha`lotg l es fedanamemls, olstl hurràhung, lstèg lstruturemgs mlotrg

mes pråtahes ml naobuebl`; nlature/lshute
nlature/lshute,, prgmuâèg lshrate, grenameml, ùntasslàøtahe
l eoånasl naobuàstahe/sl
naobuàstahe/slàøtahe.
àøtahe.
31

Lsses pråtahes, tgèmes hg`g laxgs ml losaog, sèg ètlraenazemes l` he`pgs/lsclres

mashursaves l lstèg essghaemes ês pråtahes ml usg l rlcnlxèg, slomg aocnulohaemes plnes
hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg l rlhlpâèg mgs tlxtgs.
Og laxg me Nlature
Nlature,, pragraze-sl e aotlreâèg etave lotrl nlatgr/guvaotl/lsplhtemgr l gs
tlxtgs ml maclrlotls bëolrgs mg mashursg, nlveomg l` hgosamlreâèg es `ûntapnes

naobueblos l es lsclres ml harhuneâèg, ená` mgs rlhursgs slàøtahgs ml maclrlotls
`gmenamemls. Lsse aotlreâèg pgml prgpgrhagoer eg(ê) lstumeotl g hgotetg hg`
maclrlotls lxplraëohaes nlatgres l lstretábaes ml nlature, ml `gmg e tgroå-ng(e) u`(e)
nlatgr(e) prgcahalotl l hràtahg(e). E nlature á tgème, mlssl `gmg, l` sue ma`losèg
mashursave.
E nlature hgotradua pere e prg`gâèg me eutgogàe l mg plose`lotg hràtahg, og qul sl

rlclrl ê hg`prllosèg mg ùomg l ês `ûntapnes pgssadanamemls ml aotlrprltå-ng, uè vlz
qul nlr saboacahe, ehaè ml tumg, aotlrebar,

ao tlrebar, hgostruar slotamgs. Olssl
Olssl slotamg, g nlatgr l`
cgrèâèg mlvl slr lstaùnemg e rlhgoflhlr gs prghlssgs lovgnvamgs oe aotlreâèg l e
mlslovgnvlr lstretábaes hgboataves qul nfl plràte` cgrtenlhlr l e`pnaer sues
fedanamemls ml nlature l, lsplhaen`lotl, sue lmuheâèg natlrårae.
E nlature natlrårae nlve g(e) lstumeotl e eu`loter sues hepehamemls hgboataves ml

eprlomazebl` l nfl pgssadanate „essuàr uè etatuml hràtahe l` rlneâèg eg ùomg,
emvaome mes maclrlotls `loseblos l aomebeâüls qul e natlreture gclrlhl‐ (XG\XE9
HEOHLNE9 @EHFEMG, 4:52, p.44). Eg prg`gvlr
p rg`gvlr e aotlreâèg hg` maclrlotls amlotamemls
l cgrès ml lster og ùomg, e nlature mg tlxtg natlrårag pgssadanate eg nlatgr oèg eploes
uè e`pnaeâèg mg hgoflha`lotg sgdrl sa prøprag, ès te`dá` sgdrl g ùomg l` qul
vavl. Essa`, tgroe-sl olhlssårag gclrlhlr egs(ês) lstumeotls g hgotetg sastl`åtahg hg`
mavlrsgs bëolrgs, supgrtls, prghlma`lotgs ml nlature l hgotlxtgs ml prgmuâèg,
prgmuâèg , e pertar
me ceànaerazeâèg hg` gdres ml eutgrls ngheas, oehagoeas l aotlroehagoeas.
Og laxg me Zrgmuâèg tlxtuen tl`gs

tlxtuen tl`gs es pråtahes ml naobuebl` vgntemes ê aotlreâèg pgr
`lag ml tlxtgs ml maclrlotls bëolrgs hg` maclrlotls prgpøsatgs hgùoahetavgs l ogs
mavlrsgs he`pgs ml etavameml fuèoe. E prgmuâèg l e rlhlpâèg ml tlxtgs prlghupe`-
sl hg` gs hgotlxtgs (caoenameml
(caoenamemls,
s, aotlrnghutgrls, supgrtls, rlhursgs) l hg` gs prghlssgs
ml prgmuâèg (pneolke`lotg, tlxtuenazeâèg l rlvasèg, rllshrate/lmaâèg). Hgosamlre-sl e
2:

prgmuâèg lshrate l` sue ma`losèg mashursave, hg`g cgrè ml rlprlsloteâèg me

naobuebl` gren, lstrutureme e pertar ml satueâüls hgùoahetaves rleas l
hgotlxtuenazemes. Essa`, es prgpgstes pere e prgmuâèg tlxtuen sèg grbeoazemes tlomg
hg`g rlclrëohae gs bëolrgs mashursavgs/tlxtueas.
G laxg me Grenameml maz rlsplatg ês pråtahes ml naobuebl` oe `gmenameml ceneme me nàobue

l` satueâüls ml usg gren me naobuebl`, l` qul g suklatg pertahape ml prghlssgs ml
aotlreâèg oes satueâüls hgùoahetaves cgrèas l aocgrèas, rlcnltaomg sgdrl lssls usgs
ouè ma`losèg sghaen. G tredenfg hg` e grenameml prgpül satueâüls grbeoazemes l
sastlètazemes ml aoslrâèg mg(e) lstumeotl l` etavamemls hg` bëolrgs tlxtueas greas,
hgosamlreomg es ma`losüls mashursaves l ètlraeas plrtaolotls e lsse `gmenameml.
Caoenazeomg, tl`gs g laxg me Eoånasl naobuàstahe/slàøtahe,

naobuàstahe/slàøtahe, qul lstå nabemg eg tredenfg
hg` e equasaâèg mg sastlè ml lshrate encedátahe l e bre`åtahe rlcnlxave. Á e plrsplhtave
mg usg-rlcnlxèg-usg me nàobue. \è rlcnlxèg sgdrl e nàobue e pertar ml slus usgs, l`

satueâüls ml aotlreâèg gren, ml nlature gu lshrate, lsteomg, pgrteotg, e slrvaâg mes
pråtahes prgpgstes ogs laxgs ml Grenameml, Nlature l Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs.
Lssls laxgs sèg ertahunemgs hg` e hetlbgrae he`pgs ml etueâèg, mlaxeomg hnere e
olhlssameml ml hgotlxtuenazeâèg mgs lstumgs sgdrl e nàobue, gu slke, pråtahes prøpraes
ml satueâüls me vame mg(e) lstumeotl, mlvlomg, pgrteotg, slrl` vavlohaemes l`
hgotlxtgs saboacahetavgs.
Essa` hg`g oe DOHH, haohg he`pgs cgre` slnlhagoemgs ‘

‘ he`pg me vame hgtamaeoe,
he`pg ertàstahg-natlrårag, he`pg mes pråtahes ml lstumg l plsquase, he`pg kgroenàstahg-

àmaåtahg l he`pg ml etueâèg oe vame pûdnahe ‘
pûdnahe ‘ nlveomg
nlveomg l` hgote e rlnlväohae ml heme
u` mlnls pere g usg me naobuebl` oes mavlrses satueâüls ml vame mg(e)
mg (e) lstumeotl.
E hgosamlreâèg mlssls he`pgs ml etueâèg sghaen vea ená` ml pgssadanater egs(ês)

lstumeotls vavëohaes satuemes mes pråtahes ml naobueblos
nao bueblos pgr lovgnvlr hgoflha`lot
hgoflha`lotgs
gs l
fedanamemls èas hgotlxtuenazemgs l hg`pnlxgs, qul pgssadanate g rg`pa`lotg ml
derrlares mashapnaoerls l hg`prlloml „gutres cgrès ml grbeoazeâèg hurrahuner (hg`g
nedgretørags ml hgùoaheâèg l ml `àmaes, hnudls ml nlature l ml tletrg, oûhnlgs ml
hraeâèg ertàstahe l natlrårae, gcahaoes huntureas l mlspgrtaves

m lspgrtaves lth.)‐
lth.)‐ (DTEXAN,
(DTEXAN, 4:56, p.=61).
25

Og quemrg qul slbul, tl`gs e mastraduaâèg mgs he`pgs oes ltepes mg Losaog
Cuome`loten LKE l uè drlvl herehtlrazeâèg mgs `ls`gs.
HE@ZGX ML E]\EÂÈG
E]\EÂÈG
EOGX AOAHAEAX
AOAHAEAX EOG CAOEAX
CAOEAX HETEH]LTA[EÂÈG
HETEH]LTA[EÂÈG
He`pg me vame Tlclrl-sl ê pertahapeâèg l` pråtahes ml nlature

prøpraes ml etavamemls vavlohaemes og ä`datg
hgtamaeoe
mg`ástahg l ceànaer, lshgner, hunturen l
prgcassagoen.
Tlclrl-sl ê e`pnaeâèg l ê mavlrsacaheâèg mes

pråtahes rlnetaves ê nlature, ê hg`prllosèg, ê
He`pg ertàstahg- He`pg cruaâèg l eg hg`pertanfe`lotg l vengrazeâèg mes
natlrårag ertàstahg- èoaclsteâüls ertàstahg-natlråraes qul
natlrårag pgssadanatl` lxplraëohaes lstátahes,
aotlohagoeomg, praohapen`lotl, e cgrèâèg mg
nlatgr-cruamgr.
Tlclrl-sl ê pertahapeâèg l` pråtahes

rlnehagoemes eg lstumg, ê plsquase l ê mavunbeâèg
halotàcahe, vaseomg e uè `lnfgr hg`prllosèg l
He`pg mes He`pg mes eprgpraeâèg mgs gdkltgs ml lstumg, e pertar,
pråtahes ml pråtahes ml lsplhaen`lotl, me lnedgreâèg ml tlxtgs-sàotlsl.
lstumg l lstumg l Eg `ls`g tl`pg l` qul sl mlslovgnvl`
plsquase plsquase prghlma`lotgs ml dushe, trete`lotg l eoånasl
ml memgs l ml aocgrèâüls l cgrès veraemes ml
rlbastrg l sghaenazeâèg ml lstumgs l plsquases.
Tlclrl-sl eg tretg me aocgrèâèg l me gpaoaèg

qul lstèg og hlotrg mlsse lsclre. E prgpgste á
prg`gvlr uè cgrèâèg qul hgosamlrl es
He`pg me vame He`pg heuses l hgoslquëohaes ml cloý`logs hg`g g
me pøs-vlrmeml, g lclatg dgnfe, e prgnaclreâèg mg
pûdnahe kgroenàstahg-
mashursg ml ømag l ceil olws l g eplng eg
àmaåtahg
hgosu`g e pertar me slosadanazeâèg pere gs cetgs
qul ehgotlhl` oe hgùoameml, oe sghalmeml l
og ùomg l qul eclte` e vame mes plssges.
Tlclrl-sl ê e`pnaeâèg l ê quenacaheâèg me

pertahapeâèg mgs(es) lstumeotls oes pråtahes
He`pg ml rlnetaves eg mldetl ml amlaes l ê etueâèg pgnàtahe
etueâèg oe l sghaen, prltlomlomg e prg`gâèg me hgoshaëohae
vame pûdnahe ml marlatgs, me vengrazeâèg mgs marlatgs fuèogs
l me hgostruâèg ml uè pgsture átahe l
rlspgosåvln maeotl mg gutrg.
Cgotl; ZLTOE@D\HG, 4:51
24

4.=.8 E NÀOB\E ZGT]\B\LXE OG LOXAOG C\OME@LO]EN- LKE
E hgohlpâèg prgpgste pere es pråtahes plmebøbahes ml eprlomazebl` mlslovgnvame

mlslovgnvamess og
Losaog Cuome`loten LKE á e maenøbahe, rlcnlxave l aohnusave, vgnteme pere qulstüls sghaeas
l huntureas, l lsse prgpgste hg`prlloml g(e) lstumeotl hg`g suklatg prgtebgoaste oe
hgostruâèg me sghalmeml l` qul vavl.
Hg` lsse prgpgste á pgssàvln amlotacaher g plrcan mg lmuheomg oe mavlrsameml hunturen l

sues lxplraëohaes (sedlrls ml ùomg). ]lomg l` vaste lssls esplhtgs, g tredenfg
plmebøbahg á lcltavemg e pertar ml u` gnfer èas fuèoazemg l ml pråtahes qul
cevgrlâe` e hgostruâèg mg hgoflha`lotg mg `ls`g.
Á a`pgrteotl rlssenter qul g hgotlxtg mg quen pertl g losaog ml

m l Nàobue Zgrtubulse pere
kgvlos l emuntgs á ml lstumeotls qul kå trezl` uè debebl` m
mll hgoflha`l
hgoflha`lotg
otg l g
mlsecag á trezlr-nfls ogves aocgrèâüls, ml `gmg e ekumå-ngs e rlssaboacaher sue ogâèg
ml nàobue(bl`). Lotlomlr l rlcnltar sgdrl lssl prghlssg ml eprlomazebl
eprlomazebl`` á cuome`loten
pere g mlslovgnva`lotg hgboatavg mg(e) lstumeotl, pgas e lshgne á tame hg`g lspeâg ml
aohnusèg.
Zere u` losaog èas saboacahetavg me Nàobue Zgrtubulse, cez-sl olhlssårag u` losaog

èas hgotlxtuenazemg pere qul gs(es) lstumeotls plrhlde` e caoenameml l es våraes
cuoâüls sghaeas qul e nàobue(bl`) tl`. Es pråtahes ml losaog/eprlomazebl` prlhase`
prgpgrhagoer satueâüls l` qul feke oèg eploes e pertahapeâèg l` sene ml eune, ès uè
rlcnlxèg sgdrl es `ltgmgngbaes tredenfemes l sues rlplrhussüls mlotrg l cgre mg
hgotlxtg lshgner, nlveomg l` hgosamlreâèg te`dá` e cgrèâèg aotlbren mlssls(es)
lstumeotls.
Lmuher kgvlos l emuntgs oèg sl naàte e treter ml hgotlûmg, ès a`pnahe namer hg`
vengrls, hg` cgrès ml rlsplater es pertahuneramemls l maclrloâes ml heme u`, ouè
edgrmebl` sghagaotlrehagoaste, hgosamlreomg g eprlomaz hg`g hlotrg og prghlssg
lmuhetavg. G kgvl` l g emuntg me LKE eprlslote` macahunmemls mavlrses qul èrhe` g
aosuhlssg oe vame lshgner; fastørahg ml rlpltëohae, ml edeomgog me lshgne, ml
mlsl`prlbg gu pgr slr mgoes ml hese, pgr lxl`png.
28

Zere prgclssgrls(es) qul tredenfe` olsse `gmenameml, lotlomlr l rlcnltar sgdrl g

prghlssg ml eprlomazebl` á cuome`loten pere qul lssls prgcassagoeas eoenasl` sue
prøprae eâèg mamåtahe, edgrmeomg gs hgotlûmgs l prghlma`lotgs, ml cgrè èas
hgotlxtuenazeme, qul plràte gdtlr ëxatg oe eâèg plmebøbahe l, essa`, oèg sø
ehg`peofer g mlslovgnva`lotg mg(e) lstumeotl, ès plrhldlr g prøprag hrlsha`lotg
ogs esplhtgs hgboatavgs, ecltavgs l prgcassagoeas.
4.=.= HG@ZL]ËOHAEX LXZLHÀCAHEX ML NÀOB\E ZGT]\B\LXE ZETE G

LOXAOG C\OME@LO]EN
Hgosamlreomg es hg`pltëohaes prlvastes olstl mghu`lotg l es hg`pltëohaes

lsplhàcahes me årle ml naobueblos, g hg`pgolotl hurrahuner ml Nàobue Zgrtubulse vase
bereotar g mlslovgnva`lotg mes slbuaotls hg`pltëohaes lsplhàcahes;
5. Hg`prllomlr e nàobue hg`g cloý`log hunturen, fastørahg, sghaen, veraåvln,

fltlrgbëolg l slosàvln egs hgotlxtgs ml usg, rlhgoflhlomg-e hg`g `lag ml hgostruâèg
ml amlotamemls ml slus usuårags l me hgùoameml e qul plrtlohl`.
4. Eprgpraer-sl me naobuebl` lshrate, rlhgoflhlomg-e hg`g cgrè ml aotlreâèg ogs

maclrlotls he`pgs ml etueâèg me vame sghaen l utanazeomg-e pere e`pnaer sues
pgssadanamemls ml pertahaper me hunture nltreme, ml hgostruar hgoflha`lotgs (aohnusavl
lshgnerls) l ml sl lovgnvlr hg` èagr
` eagr eutgogàe l prgtebgoas`g oe vame sghaen.
8. Nlr, lshuter l prgmuzar tlxtgs greas, lshratgs l ùntasslàøtahgs qul harhune` l`

maclrlotls he`pgs ml etueâèg l `àmaes, hg` hg`prllosèg, eutgogàe, cnuëohae l
hratahameml, ml `gmg e sl lxprlsser l pertanfer aocgrèâüls, lxplraëohaes, amlaes l
slota`lotgs, l hgotaouer eprlomlomg.
=. Hg`prllomlr g cloý`log me veraeâèg naobuàstahe, ml`gostreomg etatuml rlsplatgse

maeotl ml veralmemls naobuàstahes l rlklateomg prlhgohlatgs naobuàstahgs.
<. L`prlber, oes aotlreâüls sghaeas, e veralmeml l g lstang ml naobuebl` emlquemgs ê

satueâèg hgùoahetave, eg(s) aotlrnghutgr(ls)
aotlrnghutgr(ls) l eg bëolrg mg mashursg/bëolrg tlxtuen.
2=

3. Eoenaser aocgrèâüls, erbu`lotgs l gpaoaüls èoaclstemgs l` aotlreâüls sghaeas l

ogs `lags ml hgùoaheâèg, pgsahagoeomg-sl átahe l hratahe`lotl l` rlneâèg e
hgotlûmgs mashraàoetørags qul clrl` marlatgs fuèogs l e`daloteas.
2. Tlhgoflhlr g tlxtg hg`g nuber ml èoaclsteâèg l olbghaeâèg ml slotamgs, vengrls l
amlgngbaes.
6. Xlnlhagoer tlxtgs l navrgs pere nlature aotlbren, ml ehgrmg hg` gdkltavgs, aotlrlssls l
prgkltgs plssgeas (lstumg, cgrèâèg plssgen, lotrltloa`lotg, plsquase, tredenfg
tredenfg lth.).
1. Lovgnvlr-sl l` pråtahes ml nlature natlrårae qul pgssadanatl` g mlslovgnva`lotg mg

slosg lstátahg pere cruaâèg, vengrazeomg e natlreture l gutres èoaclsteâüls ertàstahg-
huntureas hg`g cgrès ml ehlssg ês ma`losüls nûmahes, ml aèbaoårag l loheote`lotg,
rlhgoflhlomg g pgtlohaen treoscgrèmgr l fuèoazemgr me lxplraëohae hg` e
natlreture.
5:. @gdanazer pråtahes me hunture mabaten, ml maclrlotls naobueblos, `àmaes l clrre`lotes

mabateas pere lxpeomar es cgrès ml prgmuzar slotamgs (ogs prghlssgs
p rghlssgs ml hg`prllosèg l
prgmuâèg), eprlomlr l rlcnltar sgdrl g ùomg l rlenazer maclrlotls prgkltgs eutgreas.
4.=.< GTBEOA[EÂÈG MG H\TTÀH\NG ML NÀOB\E ZGT]\B\LXE ZETE E

LKE
G Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg, og hg`pgolotl ml Nàobue Zgrtubulse me LKE, lstå

grbeoazemg pgr quetrg pråtahes ml naobueblos; nlature, prgmuâèg ml tlxtg (greas l
lshratgs), grenameml l eoånasl naobuàstahe/slàøtahe. Lsses pråtahes ml naobuebl` lstèg
aotraoslhe`lotl nabemes egs haohg he`pgs ml etueâèg; he`pg me vame hgtamaeoe, he`pg
ml etueâèg oe vame pûdnahe, he`pg kgroenàstahg-àmaåtahg, he`pg mes pråtahes ml lstumg
l plsquase l he`pg ertàstahg-natlrårag.
Lssls he`pgs pgssadanate` e etueâèg mg suklatg oes pråtahes sghaeas qul sl rlenaze` ogs
bëolrgs mashursavgs/tlxtueas l lnls oèg sèg asgnemgs, ès maengbe` lotrl sa. Ol` gs
he`pgs ml etueâèg ol` gs bëolrgs sèg loblssemgs, pgmlo

pgmlomg
mg u` bëolrg àbrer ml u`
2<
he`pg ml etueâèg pere gutrg, mlplomlomg ml sue cuohagoenameml l ml sues

lsplhacahamemls.
Olsse lstruture emgteme, es pråtahes ml naobuebl` lstèg ertahunemes egs gdkltgs ml

hgoflha`lotg l sues fedanamemls, l tumg assg rlnehagoemg ês hg`pltëohaes blreas l
lsplhàcahes. Og tgheotl ês fedanamemls, pere amlotacaheâèg, es `lsès sèg hgmacahemes
pgr; LCLKE ‘
LCLKE ‘ Losaog
Losaog Cuome`loten me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, EA ‘
EA ‘ Eogs
Eogs Aoahaeas, EC
‘
‘ Eogs
Eogs Caoeas, NZ ‘
NZ ‘ Hg`pgolotl
Hg`pgolotl Hurrahuner Nàobue Zgrtubulse, oû`lrg me fedanameml l
ZL
ZL ‘
‘ venamemes
venamemes pgr Zlroe`duhg. Zgr lxl`png; LCLKEEANZ:4ZL (Losaog Cuome`loten me
Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, Eogs Aoahaeas, Nàobue Zgrtubulse, Fedanameml :4,
Zlroe`duhg) gu `ls`g l` gutre satueâèg; LCLKEECNZ:5ZL (Losaog Cuome`loten me
Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs, Eogs Caoeas, Nàobue Zgrtubulse, Fedanameml :5,
Zlroe`duhg).
Ogs grbeoazemgrls mg hurràhung, es fedanamemls sl lohgotre` mastraduàmes ogs slbuaotls

dnghgs; EA (Eogs Aoahaeas) l EC (Eogs Caoeas). Es fedanamemls slrèg tredenfemes
prgbrlssave`lotl eg ngobg mgs eogs aoahaeas ml lstumg etá e cesl caoen, l g breu ml
hg`pnlxameml sl merå ml ehgrmg hg` es olhlssamemls mg pûdnahg-envg, nl`dreomg qul
e hgosgnameâèg slrå aoahaeme ogs pra`largs eogs ml losaog, og prghlssg ml encedltazeâèg
l nltre`lotg l` tgmes es pråtahes ml naobuebl`.
Oe edgrmebl` ml heme fedanameml, e prgbrlssèg pgml ehgotlhlr (5) slbuomg e
hg`pnlxameml mg tlxtg l mg bëolrg9 (4) plne edgrmebl` egs ùntanltre`lotgs9 (8) plne
crlquëohae ml usg mgs tlxtgs9 (=) plne edgrmebl` mes rlbuneramemls ês arrlbuneramemls
me nàobue9 „(<) plng breu ml eutgogàe mg(e) lstumeotl9 (3) plng trete`lotg memg eg
hgotlûmg ‘
hgotlûmg ‘ èas
èas gu `logs hg`pnlxg, eprgcuomemg, gu prøxa`g ê rlenameml hgtamaeoe
mgs(es) lstumeot
lstumeotls
ls lth.‐ (ZLTOE@D\HG, 4:51, p.5:
p.5::).
:).
23

22
Nàobue Zgrtubulse - Eogs Aoahaeas

GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NET
AOAHAEAX
EOGX AOAHAEAX
ZTÅ]AHEX ML HE@ZGX ML GDKL]GX ML

FEDANAMEMLX LKE ZL
NAOB\EBL@ E]\EÂÈG HGOFLHA@LO]G
2
6
(LCLKEEANZ:5ZL) Nlr, aomavamuen`lotl gu l` brupg, hg` e ekume mg
(LCLKEEANZ:5ZL)
Mlhgmacaheâèg/
prgclssgr, tlxtgs hg` oàvln ml tlxtuenameml emlquemg hg` maclrlotls
Hg`prllosèg ml nlature
prgpøsatgs hgùoahetavgs l lxprlssavgs.
Nlature/lshute ]gmgs gs
(hg`pertanfeme l he`pgs (LCLKEEANZ:4ZL) Dusher, slnlhagoer l nlr, hg` e `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr
(LCLKEEANZ:4ZL)
eutýogè) ml etueâèg Cgrèâèg ml nlatgr (nlature hg`pertanfeme), tlxtgs qul harhune` l` `lags a`prlssgs gu mabateas,
ml ehgrmg hg` es olhlssamemls l aotlrlssls.
Tlhgostruâèg mes (LCLKEEANZ:8ZL) Tlhgoflhlr

(LCLKEEANZ:8ZL) Tlhgoflhlr e cuoâèg sghaen mgs mavlrsgs bëolrgs tlxtueas
hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg qul harhune` oe sghalmeml, Amlotacaheomg, slnlhagoeomg l eoenaseomg e
l rlhlpâèg ml tlxtgs harhuneâèg, prgmuâèg, qul` gs prgmuzl` l e qul` sl mlstaoe`.
(LCLKEEANZ:=ZL) Lstedlnlhlr lxplhtetaves l` rlneâèg ê nlature

(LCLKEEANZ:=ZL)
(prlssupgsaâüls eotlhapemgres mgs slotamgs, me cgrè l me cuoâèg sghaen l
caoenameml mg tlxtg mg tlxtg), epgaeomg-sl l` slus hgoflha`lotgs právags
sgdrl es hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg l rlhlpâèg mlssl tlxtg, g bëolrg, g supgrtl,
g essuotg, dl` hg`g sgdrl rlhursgs bråcahgs, aèblos, memgs me prøprae gdre
(àomahl, prlcåhag lth.), hgocarèomg eotlhapeâüls l aoclrëohaes rlenazemes
eotls l mureotl e nlature ml tlxtgs, hflheomg e emlqueâèg mes fapøtlsls
rlenazemes.
(LCLKEEANZ:<ZL) Amlotacaher, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr, aocgrèâüls

a`pnàhates l lxpnàhates l` maclrlotls bëolrgs namgs, guvamgs l/gu saoenazemgs,
Nlature/lshute ]gmgs gs aoclraomg g slotamg mes penevres gu lxprlssüls ml ehgrmg hg` g hgotlxtg.
2
(hg`pertanfeme l he`pgs Lstretábaes ml nlature
1
eutýogè) ml etueâèg
(LCLKEEANZ:3ZL) Amlotacaher amlae hlotren/aotloâèg mg eutgr, l` tlxtgs namgs,
(LCLKEEANZ:3ZL) Amlotacaher
guvamgs l/gu saoenazemgs.
(LCLKEEANZ:2ZL) Lstedlnlhlr
(LCLKEEANZ:2ZL) Lstedlnlhlr rlneâèg tàtungs/tlxtgs.
(LCLKEEANZ:6ZL) Hg`prllomlr rlneâüls lotrl pertls ml u` tlxtg,

amlotacaheomg sudstatuaâüls nlxaheas (ml sudsteotavgs pgr saoýoa`gs) gu
prgogàoeas (usg ml prgog`ls eoecørahgs ‘ ‘ plssgeas, pgsslssavgs,
ml`gostretavgs), qul hgotradul` pere e hgotaouameml l hgostruâèg ml
slotamgs mg tlxtg.

(LCLKEEANZ:1ZL) Amlotacaher g lclatg ml slotamg prgmuzamg plng usg ml

rlhursgs lxprlssavgs l bråcahgs vasueas (nltre hepatuner, olbratg, atånahg, sg`
l` `gva`lotg, hgrls l aèblos lth.) l` tlxtgs ùntasslàøtahgs l
ùnta`gmeas.
(LCLKEEANZ5:ZL) Nlr, l` hgnedgreâèg hg` gs hgnlbes l hg` e ekume mg

(LCLKEEANZ5:ZL)
prgclssgr gu kå hg` hlrte eutgogàe, nastes, henlomårags, evasgs, hgovatls,
rlhlates, aostruâüls ml `gotebl` (mabateas gu a`prlssgs), mlotrl gutrgs
Nlature/lshute bëolrgs mg he`pg me vame hgtamaeoe, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave l
(hg`pertanfeme l g tlè/essuotg mg tlxtg l rlnehagoeomg sue cgrè ml grbeoazeâèg ê sue
eutýogè) caoenameml hgùoahetave.
6
:
He`pg me
(LCLKEEANZ55ZL) Nlr, l` hgnedgreâèg hg` gs hgnlbes l hg` e ekume mg
Same
prgclssgr, hertezls, evasgs, cgnfltgs, rlbres l rlbune`lotgs qul grbeoaze` e
Hgtamaeoe
Hg`prllosèg l` nlature vame oe hgùoameml lshgner, mlotrl gutrgs bëolrgs mg he`pg me etueâèg
hamemè, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave l g tlè/essuotg mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ54ZL) Nlr, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr gu kå hg` hlrte eutgogàe,

(LCLKEEANZ54ZL) Nlr,
tlxtgs aostruhagoeas ml rlbres ml kgbg, mlotrl gutrgs bëolrgs ml slquëohae
aokuotave, mg he`pg me vame hgtamaeoe, ml ehgrmg hg` es hgovloâüls,
hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave l e caoenameml mg bëolrg.
(LCLKEEANZ58ZL) Nlr, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr gu kå hg` hlrte eutgogàe,

eolmgtes, paemes l hertuos, FU, `l`l mlotrl gutrgs bëolrgs fu`gràstahgs,
mg he`pg me vame hgtamaeoe, ml ehgrmg hg` es hgovloâüls mg bëolrg l
hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave l e caoenameml mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ5=ZL) Nlr/essastar, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr gu kå hg` hlrte

eutgogàe l hratahameml, ogtàhaes, sngbeo, rlpgrteblos, lotrlvastes, vàmlgs l`
Hg`prllosèg l` nlature
nlature vngbs erbu`lotetavgs, mlotrl gutrgs bëolrgs mg he`pg pgnàtahg-hamemèg, ml
ehgrmg hg` es hgovloâüls mgs bëolrgs, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg
hgùoahetave l e caoenameml mg tlxtg.
Nlature/lshute He`pg me
(hg`pertanfeme l Same (LCLKEEANZ5<ZL) Amlotacaher, og bëolrg ogtàhae, cetgs, pertahapeotls, nghen l
(LCLKEEANZ5<ZL) Amlotacaher,
6
eutýogè) Zûdnahe `g`lotg/tl`pg me ghgrrëohae mg cetg ogtahaemg.
5
(LCLKEEANZ53ZL) Mastaobuar cetgs ml gpaoaüls/sublstüls l` tlxtgs

(aocgrètavgs, kgroenàstahgs, pudnahatårags lth.), eoenaseomg es aocgrèâüls l`
maclrlotls `àmaes, hgohnuaomg sgdrl queas slrae` èas hgocaåvlas l pgr quë.
Hg`prllosèg l` (LCLKEEANZ52ZL) Eoenaser, hg` e `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr, tlxtgs aocgrètavgs

ao cgrètavgs
nlature ml maclrlotls e`dalotls mabateas ml plsquase, hgoflhlomg sue caoenameml.
He`pg mes
(LCLKEEANZ56ZL) Dusher l slnlhagoer, aocgrèâüls ml aotlrlssl sgdrl
(LCLKEEANZ56ZL)
pråtahes ml Zlsquase
cloý`logs sghaeas l oetureas ngheas, rlbagoeas l oehagoeas, l` tlxtgs qul
lstumg l
harhune` l` `lags a`prlssgs gu mabateas.
Zlsquase

(LCLKEEANZ51ZL) Nlr, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr, tlxtgs lxpgsatavgs ml

(LCLKEEANZ51ZL)
mavunbeâèg halotàcahe, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave; (gs
aotlrnghutgrls (qul` lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9 e caoenameml gu g
He`pg mes prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9 e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea harhuner9 g
pråtahes ml supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9 e naobuebl`, grbeoazeâèg l cgrè mg
lstumg l Hg`prllosèg l` nlature tlxtg) l g tlè/ essuotg mg tlxtg.
plsquase
(LCLKEEAZ4:ZL) Nlr, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr, vlrdltls ml mahagoårag
Nlature/lshute a`prlssg/gonaol,
(saboacahemg amlotacaheomg le es
ml edrlvaetures) lstruture, es aocgrèâüls
aocgrèâüls sl`äotahes breètaheas
ml cgrè
(hg`pertanfeme l hgotlxtuenazeme.
6
eutýogè)
4
(LCLKEEANZ45ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l eprlhaer gs tlxtgs natlrårags, teotg l` vlrsg

hg`g l` prgse, rlhgoflhlomg qul gs `ls`gs cezl` pertl mg ùomg mg
Cgrèâèg mg nlatgr natlrårag aèbaoårag l qul eprlslote` uè ma`losèg nûmahe, ml loheote`lotg,
He`pg vengrazeomg-gs, l` sue mavlrsameml hunturen, hg`g petra`ýoag ertàstahg me
ertàstahg- fuèoameml.
natlrårag
(LCLKEEANZ44ZL) Nlr, l` hgnedgreâèg hg` gs hgnlbes l hg` e ekume mg

(LCLKEEANZ44ZL)
Nlature hgnedgretave prgclssgr l, èas terml, ml èolare eutýogè, tlxtgs oerretavgs ml èagr
l eutýogè pgrtl hg`g hgotgs (pgpunerls, ml cemes, huùnetavgs, ml essg`dreâèg lth.),
cådunes l hrýoahes, rlhgoflhlomg slus esplhtgs naobuàstahg-lstanàstahgs.
(LCLKEEANZ48ZL) Nlr l hg`prllomlr, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr, pglès l

gutrgs tlxtgs l` vlrsgs, gdslrveomg raès, kgbgs ml penevres, rlhursgs
bråcahgs, rlhursgs lxprlssavgs l sgogrameml, rlhgoflhlomg slu
plrtloha`lotg eg ùomg aèbaoårag l sue ma`losèg ml loheote`lotg, kgbg,
cruaâèg l slus lclatgs ml slotamg.
(LCLKEEANZ4=ZL) Tlnehagoer g slotamg tlxtuen e pertar ml anustreâüls l gutrgs

Cgrèâèg mg nlatgr natlrårag
rlhursgs bråcahgs amlotacaheomg e treosàssèg mg hgotlûmg pgr `lag ml cgtgs,
/Nlature ùntasslàøtahe
Nlature/lshute He`pg paotures, bråcahgs, anustreâüls l ùatgs gutrgs lnl`lotgs vasueas.
(hg`pertanfeme l ertàstahg-
eutýogè) natlrårag (LCLKEEANZ4<ZL) Amlotacaher cuoâüls mg tlxtg mre`åtahg (lshratg pere slr
(LCLKEEANZ4<ZL)
lohloemg) l sue grbeoazeâèg pgr `lag ml maångbgs lotrl plrsgoeblos l
]lxtgs mre`åtahgs
6
8
èrhemgrls mes cenes l ml hloe l e rlnlväohae mlssls esplhtgs pere e
hgostruâèg ml slotamg.
Tlhgostruâèg me
(LCLKEEANZ43ZL) Tlhgoflhlr
(LCLKEEANZ43ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l eoenaser l` tlxtgs oerretavgs cahhagoeas, hg`
tlxtuenameml l
e `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr, es maclrlotls cgrès ml hg`pgsaâèg, es pertls
hg`prllosèg mgs lclatgs
lstrutureotls (graloteâèg, hg`pnaheâèg, mlsclhfg), gs lnl`lotgs me oerretave
ml slotamgs prgvghemg
prgvghemgss (cghg oerretavg, lspeâg, tl`pg l lorlmg) tapgs ml mashursg l slu pepln oe
plngs usgs ml rlhursgs
hgostruâèg ml slotamgs dl` hg`g gs rlhursgs hglsavgs, e lshgnfe nlxahen l e
naobuàstahgs l
pgotueâèg lxprlssave mlhgrrlotls mg bëolrg.
ùntasslàøtahgs
]gmgs gs
(LCLKEEANZ42ZL) Gdslrver l eoenaser, hg` etloâèg, cenes ml prgclssgrls l
(LCLKEEANZ42ZL)
he`pgs ml
Lshute Etlote hgnlbes, cgrùneomg plrbuotes plrtaolotls eg tlè l sgnahateomg
etueâèg
lshnerlha`lotgs sl`prl qul olhlssårag.

(LCLKEEANZ46ZL) Tlhgoflhlr herehtlràstahes me hgovlrseâèg lspgotäole

(LCLKEEANZ46ZL)
Herehtlràstahes me prlslohaen, rlsplateomg gs turogs ml cene, slnlhagoeomg
s lnlhagoeomg l utanazeomg, mureotl
hgovlrseâèg lspgotäole e hgovlrseâèg, cgrès emlquemes ml trete`lotg ml ehgrmg hg` e satueâèg l
e pgsaâèg mg aotlrnghutgr.
(LCLKEEANZ41ZL) Amlotacaher caoenamemls me aotlreâèg gren l` maclrlotls

(LCLKEEANZ41ZL)
Tlnetg gren/Tlbastrg
hgotlxtgs hgùoahetavgs (sgnahater aocgrèâüls, eprlsloter gpaoaüls,
cgrèn l aocgrèn
aocgrèr, rlneter lxplraëohaes lth.).
]gmgs gs
Grenameml he`pgs ml (LCLKEEANZ8:ZL) Amlotacaher, pneolker l prgmuzar bëolrgs tlxtueas greas,
(LCLKEEANZ8:ZL)
6
etueâèg utanazemgs l` maclrlotls satueâüls l hgotlxtgs hgùoahetavgs l sues
=
herehtlràstahes naobuàstahg-lxprlssaves l hg`pgsahagoeas (hgovlrseâèg
Cgrè ml hg`pgsaâèg ml
lspgotäole, slàoårags, eunes lxpgsataves, hgovlrseâèg tlnlcýoahe, mldetl,
bëolrgs greas
ogtahaårag ml råmag l ]S, oerreâèg ml kgbgs lspgrtavgs og råmag l ]S, eune,
mldetl lth.).
(LCLKEEANZ85ZL) Guvar breveâüls, heoâüls, tlxtgs cenemgs l` maclrlotls

(LCLKEEANZ85ZL)
veralmemls naobuàstahes, amlotacaheomg herehtlràstahes rlbagoeas, urdeoes l
Seraeâèg naobuàstahe rureas me cene, rlsplateomg l vengrazeomg es mavlrses veralmemls naobuàstahes
hg`g herehtlràstahes mg usg me nàobue pgr maclrlotls brupgs rlbagoeas gu
maclrlotls huntures ngheas, rlklateomg prlhgohlatgs naobuàstahgs.
(LCLKEEANZ84ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar, l` hgnedgreâèg hg` gs hgnlbes l hg`

(LCLKEEANZ84ZL) Zneolker
He`pg me e ekume mg prgclssgr, nastes, rlhemgs, evasgs, hgovatls, aostruâüls ml
`gotebl`, mlotrl gutrgs bëolrgs mg he`pg me vame hgtamaeoe, qul pgsse`
vame
slr rlpessemgs gren`lotl l/gu pgr `lag ml clrre`lotes mabateas, l` åumag
hgtamaeoe
gu vàmlg, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave l g tlè/essuotg/caoenameml
Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtg gren mg tlxtg.
Zneolke`lotg l prgmuâèg
(LCLKEEANZ88ZL) Zrgmuzar kgroeas remagcýoahgs gu tlnlvasavgs l lotrlvastes
(LCLKEEANZ88ZL)
vlahunemes l` råmag, ]S l oe aotlrolt, graloteomg-sl pgr rgtlarg gu tlxtg l
ml`gostreomg hgoflha`lotg mgs bëolrgs kgroen cenemg/tlnlvasavg l
lotrlvaste.
6
Grenameml (LCLKEEANZ8=ZL) Tgtlarazer, prgmuzar l lmater vàmlg pere vngbs
(LCLKEEANZ8=ZL)
<
erbu`lotetavgs sgdrl prgmutgs ml `àmae (can`ls, mghu`lot
mghu`lotårags,
årags, FUs,
Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtg gren be`ls, navrgs lth.), hg` desl l` hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl gs `ls`gs, ml ehgrmg
He`pg me Zneolke`lotg l prgmuâèg hg` es hgovloâüls mg bëolrg l hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave; (gs
vame aotlrnghutgrls (qul` lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9 e caoenameml gu g
pûdnahe prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9 e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea harhuner
harhuner99 g
supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9 e naobuebl`, grbeoazeâèg l cgrè mg
tlxtg) l g tlè/ essuotg mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ8<ZL) Erbu`loter gren`lotl sgdrl ehgotlha`lotgs ml aotlrlssl

(LCLKEEANZ8<ZL) Erbu`loter
sghaen nghen, rlbagoen l oehagoen, hg` desl l` hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl cetgs
Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtg gren
mavunbemgs l` ]S, råmag, `àmae a`prlsse l mabaten, rlsplateomg pgotgs ml vaste
maclrlotls.

(LCLKEEANZ83ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar l rlcgrùner, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr

l l` hgnedgreâèg hg` gs hgnlbes, tlnlkgroen hg` enbuès ogtàhaes l tlxtgs
He`pg me ml he`peofes, nghen l/gu rlbagoen, qul pgsse` slr rlpessemgs gren`lotl gu
Zneolke`lotg l l` `lag mabaten, l` åumag gu vàmlg, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave;
vame
prgmuâèg ml tlxtg (aotlrnghutgrls (qul` lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9 e caoenameml gu g
pûdnahe
prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9 e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea harhuner9 g
supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9 e naobuebl`, cgrè mg tlxtg e
grbeoazeâèg lsplhàcahe me cene olssls bëolrgs l g tlè/essuotg mgs tlxtgs.
(LCLKEEANZ82ZL) Lxprlsser-sl
(LCLKEEANZ82ZL) Lxprlsser-sl l` satueâüls ml aotlrhä`dag gren (lxpgsaâèg
Grenameml ml rlsuntemgs ml plsquases, pertahapeâèg l` mldetls, eprlsloteâèg ml navrgs
pûdnahe/Aotlrhä`dag namgs, eprlsloter pglès l` sereus, grenazeâèg ml tlxtgs prgmuzamgs pere
Grenameml
6
3 hgovlrsehagoen
hgovlrsehagoen l` sene ml prgbreè ml råmag, ml tlxtgs rlbagoeas mlotrl gutrgs), hg` hnerlze,
eune prlghupeomg-sl l` slr hg`prllomamg plng aotlrnghutgr l useomg e penevre
hg` tg` ml vgz eumàvln, dge ertahuneâèg l rat`g emlquemg.
He`pg mes
pråtahes ml (LCLKEEANZ86ZL) Lshuter, hg` etloâèg l rlsplatg, eprlsloteâüls ml
lstumg l tredenfgs rlenazemes pgr hgnlbes, cgrùneomg plrbuotes plrtaolotls e tlès
plsquase Lshute ml tlxtgs greas sghaeas ngheas/rlbagoeas/oehagoeas rlnlveotls l sgnahateomg lshnerlha`lotgs
sl`prl qul olhlssårag, vaseomg ê hgostruâèg ml slotamgs e pertar ml tlxtgs
greas.
(LCLKEEANZ81ZL) Eoenaser es amlaes praohapeas l` satueâüls cgrèas ml lshute

Hg`prllosèg ml tlxtgs
ml lxpgsaâüls, eprlsloteâüls l penlstres, hg` cghg l` tl`åtahes sghaeas,
greas
rlbagoeas l oehagoeas.
(LCLKEEANZ=:ZL) Lxpgr, gren`lotl, tredenfgs gu plsquases lshgnerls, l` sene

(LCLKEEANZ=:ZL) Lxpgr,
ml eune, etloteomg pere es lsplhacahamemls mlssls bëolrgs, hg` epgag ml
Zneolke`lotg ml tlxtg gren
rlhursgs ùntasslàøtahgs (aèblos, maebreè, tedlnes lth.), graloteomg-sl
Lxpgsaâèg gren
pgr rgtlarg lshratg, pneolkeomg g tl`pg ml cene l emlqueomg e naobuebl` ê
satueâèg hgùoahetave.
Grenazeâèg ml tlxtg (LCLKEEANZ=5ZL) Tlhater tlxtgs pgátahgs ml eutgrls ngheas l rlbagoeas, hg`
natlrårag lotgoeâèg emlqueme l gdslrveomg es raès.
(LCLKEEANZ=4ZL) Tlhgoter gren`lotl, hg` l sl` epgag ml aèbl`, tlxtgs

Hgoteâèg ml fastøraes natlrårags, oehagoeas l rlbagoeas (hgotgs, hgrmáas, heotabes) namgs gu saoenazemgs
Grenameml plng prgclssgr gu plng prøprag lstumeotl.
6
2
(LCLKEEANZ=8ZL) Tlhater hgrmln l heoter rlplotls l l`dgnemes,

(LCLKEEANZ=8ZL)
He`pg prlclrlohaen`lotl ngheas l rlbagoeas, gdslrveomg es raès, gdlmlhlomg eg
ertàstahg- rat`g l ê `lngmae, etloteomg pere e hgostruâèg ml slotamgs mgs rlclramgs
natlrårag Zlrcgrèohls greas bëolrgs.
(LCLKEEANZ==ZL) Tlprlsloter hloes ml tlxtgs mre`åtahgs, rlprgmuzaomg es

(LCLKEEANZ==ZL) Tlprlsloter
cenes mes plrsgoeblos aomahemes plng eutgr, ml ehgrmg hg` es rudrahes ml
aotlrprlteâèg l `gva`lotg l gs slotamgs prltlomamgs.
(LCLKEEANZ=<ZL) Mlhneèr pglès, prlclrlohaen`lotl me hunture nghen,

(LCLKEEANZ=<ZL)
Mlhneèâèg rlbagoen l plracárahes (rlprlslotetavgs l vavgs oes huntures ngheas), hg`
lotgoeâèg, pgsture l aotlrprlteâèg emlqueme.

(LCLKEEANZ=3ZL) Lshrlvlr penevres l plqulogs tlxtgs (nastes, nlblomes,

Hgrrlspgomëohae cgolè-
Hgrrlspgomëohae tàtungs, trlhfgs ml `ûsahe, pglès, danfltls, rlhlates, mlotrl gutrgs) ml
breclè cgrè encedátahe, useomg nltres/breclès qul rlprlslotl` cgolès.
(LCLKEEANZ=2ZL) \tanazer,
(LCLKEEANZ=2ZL) \tanazer, eg prgmuzar g tlxtg, hg` e `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr,
Hgostruâèg mg sastlè brecae hgrrlte ml penevres, nltres èaûshunes l` aoàhag ml cresls l l`
]gmgs gs encedátahg/ Hgovloâüls sudsteotavgs prøprags, slb`loteâèg lotrl es penevres, pgotg caoen, pgotg ml
Lshrate
he`pgs me lshrate aotlrrgbeâèg l pgotg ml lxhneèâèg, gdslrveomg slus usgs oe prgmuâèg ml
(hg`pertanfeme
ml slotamgs.
l eutýogè)
etueâèg
Hgostruâèg mg sastlè (LCLKEEANZ=6ZL) ]reoshrlvlr tlxtgs drlvls, gu trlhfgs saboacahetavgs ml
(LCLKEEANZ=6ZL)
6
encedátahg/ tlxtgs ngobgs, èotlomg sues herehtlràstahes, rlsplateomg g naàtl mes
6
Lstedlnlha`lotg
Lstedlnlha`lo tg ml èrblos l vgnteomg pere g tlxtg sl`prl qul tavlr mûvames sgdrl sue
rlneâüls eoecørahes oe mastraduaâèg bråcahe, lspeâe`lotg lotrl es penevres, lshrate mes penevres,
rlclrlohaeâèg l pgotueâèg, ehlotueâèg, nltre èaûshune, perebreceâèg l mastraduaâèg bråcahe
hgostruâèg me hglsèg ml sues pertls, lotrl gutrgs esplhtgs rlnlveotls.
(LCLKEEANZ=1ZL) Zneolker, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr, g tlxtg qul slrå

(LCLKEEANZ=1ZL)
prgmuzamg, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave; (gs aotlrnghutgrls (qul`
]gmgs gs
lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9 e caoenameml gu g prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9
Zrgmuâèg ml he`pgs
Zneolke`lotg ml tlxtg e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea harhuner9 g supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9
tlxtgs (lshrate ml
e naobuebl`, grbeoazeâèg l cgrè mg tlxtg l slu tlè) plsquaseomg l`
hg`pertanfeme etueâèg
`lags a`prlssgs gu mabateas, sl`prl qul cgr prlhasg, aocgrèâüls olhlssåraes
l eutýogè)
ê prgmuâèg mg tlxtg, grbeoazeomg l` tøpahgs gs memgs l es cgotls
plsquasemes.
(LCLKEEANZ<:ZL) Tlvaser l rlcgrùner g tlxtg prgmuzamg, aomavamuen`lotl gu

(LCLKEEANZ<:ZL) Tlvaser
hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr l e hgnedgreâèg mgs hgnlbes, pere ekustå-ng l
Tlvasèg ml tlxtgs
epra`grå-ng, cezlomg hgrtls, ehrásha`gs, rlcgrùneâüls, hgrrlâüls ml
grtgbrecae l pgotueâèg, vaseomg egs lclatgs ml slotamgs prltlomamgs.
(LCLKEEANZ<5ZL) Lmater e vlrsèg caoen mg tlxtg, l` hgnedgreâèg hg` gs

(LCLKEEANZ<5ZL)
Lmaâèg ml tlxtg hgnlbes l hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr, anustreomg, queomg cgr g hesg, l` supgrtl
emlquemg, èouen gu mabaten.
Zrgmuâèg ml ]gmgs gs (LCLKEEANZ<4ZL) \tanazer, eg prgmuzar u` tlxtg, hgoflha`lotgs naobuàstahgs l

(LCLKEEANZ<4ZL) \tanazer,
tlxtgs (lshrate he`pgs Hgostruâèg mg sastlè
breètaheas, teas hg`g grtgbrecae, rlbres dåsahes ml hgohgrmäohae ogàoen l
hg`pertanfeme ml encedátahg/Hgovloâüls
vlrden, pgotueâèg (pgotg caoen, pgotg ml lxhneèâèg, pgotg ml aotlrrgbeâèg,
l eutýogè) etueâèg me lshrate
6
1
vàrbunes l` lou`lreâüls) l pgotueâèg mg mashursg
ma shursg marltg, queomg cgr g hesg.
(LCLKEEANZ<8ZL) \tanazer, hg` e `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr, eg prgmuzar u`

(LCLKEEANZ<8ZL)
Hgostruâèg mg sastlè
tlxtg, rlhursgs ml rlclrlohaeâèg (pgr sudstatuaâèg nlxahen gu pgr prgog`ls
encedátahg/
plssgeas, pgsslssavgs l ml`gostretavgs), vghedunårag eprgpraemg eg bëolrg,
Lstedlnlha`lotg
Lstedlnlha`lo tg ml
rlhursgs ml hglsèg prgogàoen (prgog`ls eoecørahgs) l ertahunemgrls ml
rlneâüls eoecørahes oe rlneâüls ml slotamg (tl`pg, heuse, gpgsaâèg, hgohnusèg, hg`pereâèg), hg`
rlclrlohaeâèg l hgostruâèg
oàvln sucahalotl ml aocgrètavameml, qul hgotradul` pere e hgostruâèg ml
me hglsèg
slotamgs mgs tlxtgs.
Zneolke`lotg ml (LCLKEEANZ<=ZL) Grbeoazer g tlxtg l` uoamemls ml slotamg, mavamaomg-g l`

(LCLKEEANZ<=ZL) Grbeoazer
tlxtg/Zrgbrlssèg tl`åtahe peråbrecgs, etloteomg pere plrtaoëohae tl`åtahe, prgbrlssèg, slbuomg es
l perebreceâèg ogrès bråcahes l ml ehgrmg hg` es herehtlràstahes mg bëolrg tlxtuen.

(LCLKEEANZ<<ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar
(LCLKEEANZ<<ZL) Zneolker p rgmuzar hertes plssgeas l maårags, hg` lxprlssèg
ml slota`lotgs l gpaoaüls, mlotrl gutrgs bëolrgs mg he`pg me vame
hgtamaeoe, ml ehgrmg hg` es hgovloâüls mgs bëolrgs l hgosamlreomg e
satueâèg hgùoahetave; (aotlrnghutgrls (qul` lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9 e
caoenameml gu g prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9 e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea
harhuner9 g supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg), e naobuebl`, cgrè l g
tlè/essuotg mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ<3ZL) Zneolker,
(LCLKEEANZ<3ZL) Zneolker, prgmuzar l rlcgrùner, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr,
Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs aokuotavgs aostruhagoeas, hg` e lstruture prøprae mlssls tlxtgs (vlrdgs
tlxtgs (lshrate He`pg me a`plretavgs, aomaheâèg ml pessgs e slrl` slbuamgs) l `lshneomg penevres,
hg`pertanfeme vame Lshrate hgnedgretave aèblos l rlhursgs bråcahg-vasueas, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave; (gs
1
:
l eutýogè) hgtamaeoe aotlrnghutgrls (qul` lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9 e caoenameml gu g
prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9 e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea harhuner9 g
supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9 e naobuebl`, grbeoazeâèg l cgrè mg
tlxtg, l g tlè/ essuotg mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ<2ZL) Nlr,
(LCLKEEANZ<2ZL) Nlr, eoenaser l prgmuzar bëolrgs nûmahgs l/gu fu`gràstahgs
(eolmgtes, paemes, hertuos, mlotrl gutrgs), hg` eutgogàe, mlotrl gutrgs
bëolrgs mg he`pg me vame hgtamaeoe, ml ehgrmg hg` es hgovloâüls mg
bëolrg, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave; (gs aotlrnghutgrls (qul`
lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9 e caoenameml gu g prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9
e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea harhuner9 g supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9
e naobuebl`, grbeoazeâèg l e cgrè mg tlxtg.
He`pg me (LCLKEEANZ<6ZL)
(LCLKEEANZ<6ZL) Gpaoer l mlclomlr
sgdrl tlès hgotl`pgräolgs ml cgrè
aotlbremgrls, rlsplatgse,
tlès pgotg
pgnëàhgs, ml vastee
rlnehagoemg
Lshrate
vame satueâüls vavlohaemes oe lshgne l/gu oe hgùoameml, utanazeomg rlbastrg
hgnedgretave/eutýogè
pûdnahe cgrèn l lstruture emlqueme ê erbu`loteâèg, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg
hgùoahetave, g tlè /essuotg mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ<1ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr l hg` hlrte

(LCLKEEANZ<1ZL) Zneolker
eutgogàe, plqulogs rlbastrgs ml gdslrveâèg ml rlsuntemgs ml plsquase,
hglrlotls hg` u` tlè aovlstabemg.
Zrgmuâèg ml (LCLKEEANZ3:ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar tlxtgs pere eprlsloter rlsuntemgs ml

(LCLKEEANZ3:ZL)
1
tlxtgs (lshrate gdslrveâüls l ml plsquases l` cgotls ml aocgrèâüls, aohnuaomg, queomg
5
hg`pertanfeme plrtaolotl, aèblos, maebreès l bråcahgs gu tedlnes sa`pnls, hgosamlreomg
l eutýogè) He`pg mes e satueâèg hgùoahetave; (aotlrnghutgrls (qul` lshrlvl/pere qul` lshrlvl)9
pråtahes ml e caoenameml gu g prgpøsatg
p rgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9 e harhuneâèg (goml g tlxtg vea
Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs
lstumg l harhuner9 g supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9 e naobuebl`, cgrè l g
plsquase tlè/essuotg mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ35ZL) Zneolker, prgmuzar l rlcgrùner, aomavamuen l hgnltave`lotl,

(LCLKEEANZ35ZL) Zneolker,
hertezls l cgnfltgs pere mavunber lvlotgs me lshgne gu me hgùoameml,
utanazeomg naobuebl` plrsuesave l lnl`lotgs tlxtueas l vasueas (teèofg me
nltre, nlaeutl, aèblos) emlquemgs eg bëolrg l slus lclatgs ml slotamg,
hgosamlreomg e cuoâèg sghaen, e satueâèg hgùoahetave l g tlè/essuotg mg
tlxtg

(LCLKEEANZ34ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar, hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr l hg` hlrte

eutgogàe, vlrdltls ml mahagoårag, mabateas gu a`prlssgs, hgosamlreomg e
Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs satueâèg hgùoahetave; (gs aotlrnghutgrls (qul` lshrlvl/pere qul`
lshrlvl)9 e caoenameml gu g prgpøsatg (lshrlvlr pere quë)9 e harhuneâèg (goml
g tlxtg vea harhuner9 g supgrtl (quen á g pgrtemgr mg tlxtg)9 e naobuebl`,
grbeoazeâèg l cgrè mg tlxtg) l g tlè/essuotg/caoenameml mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ38ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar, tlomg g prgclssgr hg`g lshrade,

(LCLKEEANZ38ZL)
rlhgoteblos ml fastøraes names plng prgclssgr, fastøraes aèbaoemes gu
Zrgmuâèg ml deslemes l` navrgs ml aèblos, gdslrveomg e cgrè ml hg`pgsaâèg ml tlxtgs
tlxtgs (lshrate
oerretavgs (plrsgoeblos, lorlmg, tl`pg l lspeâg).
hg`pertanfeme
1
l eutýogè)
4
(LCLKEEANZ3=ZL) Amlotacaher, nlr l hraer oerretaves cahhagoeas, hg` hlrte
eutgogàe, utanazeomg mltenfls mlshratavgs (ml plrsgoeblos, ml slota`lotgs,
He`pg ml hloes, lspeâgs/e`dalotls, mlotrl gutrgs esplhtgs mlshratavgs),
ertàstahg- slquëohaes ml lvlotgs l aèblos eprgpraemes pere sustloter g slotamg mg
natlrårag tlxtg, l èrhemgrls ml tl`pg, lspeâg l ml cene ml plrsgoeblos, gdslrveomg
Lshrate eutýogè l gs lnl`lotgs me oerretave, aoclraomg slus lclatgs ml slotamg.
hg`pertanfeme
(LCLKEEANZ3<ZL) Zneolker, prgmuzar l rlcgrùner, l` hgnedgreâèg hg` gs
(LCLKEEANZ3<ZL)
hgnlbes l hg` e ekume mg prgclssgr, (rl)hgoteblos ml fastøraes, pglès l
gutrgs tlxtgs vlrsacahemgs (nltres ml heoâèg, hgrmln), pglès vasueas, mlotrl
gutrgs bëolrgs mg he`pg ertàstahg, hgosamlreomg e satueâèg hgùoahetave, e
caoenameml mg tlxtg, dl` hg`g sl`lnfeoâes l maclrloâes lotrl gs bëolrgs.
(LCLKEEANZ33ZL) Mastaobuar es nltres mg encedltg ml gutrgs saoeas bråcahgs

(hg`g oû`lrgs, saoeas ml pgotueâèg gu ml gutrgs sastlès ml
rlprlsloteâèg) e pertar me nlature/lshrate ml tlxtgs hurtgs ml tremaâèg gren.
Hgoflha`lotg mg encedltg
mg pgrtubuës mg Dresan/
(LCLKEEANZ32ZL) Amlotacaher l og`ler es nltres mg encedltg, hg`prllomlomg
Grml`
e grml` mes nltres, pgr `lag me nlature l lshrates ml tlxtgs (naste mgs
encedátahe/Zgnasslàe
lstumeotls me hnessl, ml gdkltgs ml `ls`g he`pg sl`äotahg).
(LCLKEEANZ36ZL) Hg`prllomlr g praohàpag ehrgcýoahg qul gplre ogs og`ls

Eoånasl
]gmgs gs mes nltres mg encedltg, l`prlbeomg es rlneâüls sg`-brecae.
naobuàstahe/
he`pgs ml Hgoflha`lotg mg encedltg
slàøtahe
1
8
etueâèg mg pgrtubuës mg Dresan/
(Encedltazeâèg) (LCLKEEANZ31ZL) Amlotacaher g heråtlr pgnassëàhg mes penevres (uè `lsè
(LCLKEEANZ31ZL) Amlotacaher
Grml`
encedátahe/Zgnasslàe penevre hg` maclrlotls saboacahemgs, ml ehgrmg hg` g hgotlxtg ml usg),
hg`pereomg g saboacahemg ml mltlràoemgs tlr`gs utanazemgs l` tlxtgs oes
årles halotàcahes hg` lssls `ls`gs tlr`gs utanazemgs oe naobuebl` usuen.
usuen.
(LCLKEEANZ2:ZL) Tlhgoflhlr g sastlè ml lshrate encedátahe hg`g

(LCLKEEANZ2:ZL)
Hgostruâèg mg sastlè rlprlsloteâèg mgs sgos me cene, pgr `lag me lxpngreâèg ml tlxtgs (nastes,
encedátahg l me grtgbrecae pglès, vlrdltls, nltres ml `ûsahe, tlxtgs ml tremaâèg lth.), lxpngreomg,
rlcnlxave`lotl, e hgrrlspgomëohae lotrl sg`/nltre, queotameml/quenameml
mes nltres, grml` mes nltres lth.).

(LCLKEEANZ25ZL) Xlb`loter, gren`lotl, penevres, l` sànedes l` satueâüls

saboacahetaves ml nlature pgr `lag ml bëolrgs tlxtueas prlslotls og hgtamaeog
mgs(es) lstumeotls.
(LCLKEEANZ24ZL) Tlnehagoer lnl`lotgs sgogrgs (sànedes, cgolès) hg` sue

rlprlsloteâèg lshrate l` satueâüls ml nlature l lshrate
ls hrate ml maclrlotls bëolrgs
(nastes, rlhlates, danfltls, èohfltls, sngbeos, prgpebeomes, heoâüls
pgpunerls lth.).
(LCLKEEANZ28ZL) Hg`perer penevres, amlotacaheomg sl`lnfeoâes l maclrloâes

lotrl sgos ml sànedes aoahaeas, `lmaeas l caoeas, e pertar ml tlxtgs prlslotls og
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs Hgostruâèg mg sastlè hgtamaeog mgs(es) lstumeotls l qul cevgrlâe` e eoånasl me rlneâèg cgolè-
naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml encedátahg l me grtgbrecae breclè.
breclè.
1
slàøtahe etueâèg
=
(Encedltazeâèg) (LCLKEEANZ2=ZL) Hg`pgr l mlhg`pgr penevres l` sànedes, rl`gvlr l/gu
sudstatuar sànedes aoahaeas, `lmaeas gu caoeas pere hraer ogves penevres, e pertar
ml tlxtgs kå hgoflhamgs plngs(es) lstumeotls.
(LCLKEEANZ2<ZL) Nlr l lshrlvlr penevres hg` hgrrlspgomëohaes rlbunerls

marltes lotrl nltres l cgolès (c,
cgolès (c, v, t, m, p, d) l hgrrlspgomëohaes rlbunerls
hgotlxtueas -
hgotlxtueas - (h/q9 b/bu9 r/rr9 s/ss9 l (oèg a) l g (oèg u) l` sànede åtgoe l`
caoen ml penevre - l hg` èrhes ml oesenameml
oesenameml (tan, `, o),
o), hg`pereomg
rlbuneramemls l arrlbuneramemls lotrl sg`/brecae, nàobue pemrèg/hgngquaen.
(LCLKEEANZ23ZL) Nlr l lshrlvlr hgrrlte`lotl penevres hg` sànedes HS, S,

HSH, HHS, rlhgoflhlomg qul lxastl` vgbeas l` tgmes es sànedes, e pertar me
nlature l lshrate ml tlxtgs prlslotls og hgtamaeog mgs(es) lstumeotls.
(LCLKEEANZ22ZL)
crlqulotl @l`grazer
oes queas l cgolè-breclè
es rlneâüls l`prlber e brecae
sègml penevres lml
arrlbunerls hgùsg
f
aoahaen qul oèg rlprlslote cgolè.
(LCLKEEANZ26ZL) Tlhgrrlr, l` etavamemls ml nlature l lshrate, eg mahagoårag

(LCLKEEANZ26ZL) Tlhgrrlr,
l/gu gutrg rlhursg mabaten, pere lshnerlhlr mûvame sgdrl e lshrate ml penevres,
lsplhaen`lotl og hesg ml penevres hg` rlneâüls arrlbunerls cgolè-
Hgostruâèg mg sastlè breclè.
encedátahg l me grtgbrecae
(LCLKEEANZ21ZL) Cgrèr
(LCLKEEANZ21ZL) Cgrèr g eu`lotetavg l g maàoutavg ml penevres hg` gs
sucaxgs ‘
‘èg/-erre/grre
èg/-erre/grre l -aofg/-zaofg/zatg/lhg/ldrl/atg/lte, plrhldlomg
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs rlneâüls ml slotamg ogs tlxtgs.
tlxtgs.
1
naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml
<
(Encedltazeâèg) (LCLKEEANZ6:ZL) Amlotacaher cgolès l sue
(LCLKEEANZ6:ZL) Amlotacaher s ue rlprlsloteâèg pgr nltres, e pertar
ml tlxtgs hgoflhamgs mgs(es) lstumeotls (èohfltls, prgpebeomes, nastes,
rlhlates, tlxtgs ml tremaâèg gren ‘
gren ‘ cgnfltg
cgnfltg ml hgrmln, rlplotl, heotgrae, mlotrl
gutrgs).
(LCLKEEANZ65ZL) Lshrlvlr penevres, cresls l tlxtgs hurtgs oes cgrès

Hgoflha`lotg mes mavlrses
a`prlose l hursave, e pertar ml u` hgotlxtg ml usg me nàobue (hertes, danfltls,
brecaes mg encedltg
nastes, nlblomes lth.).
(LCLKEEANZ64ZL) \ser ehlotg bråcahg (ebumg gu harhuocnlxg) l`

Hgoflha`lotg mes mavlrses
`gogssànedgs týoahgs tlràoemgs l` e, l, g l l` penevres gxàtgoes
brecaes mg encedltg/
tlràoemes l` e, l, g, slbuames gu oèg ml s, ml cgrè rlcnlxave, l` etavamemls
Ehlotueâèg
ml prgmuâèg tlxtuen, ml bëolrgs mavlrsgs.
(LCLKEEANZ68ZL) Ehlotuer hgrrlte`lotl penevres, gxàtgoes, pergxàtgoes l

prgpergxàtgoes l` prgmuâèg ml bëolrgs me grenameml l me lshrate, mgs
mavlrsgs he`pgs ml etueâèg, ml cgrè rlcnlxave, e pertar me ogrè pemrèg.
(LCLKEEANZ6=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr e slpereâèg mes penevres, oe lshrate, pgr

lspeâgs l` dreohg, e pertar ml tlxtgs lshratgs, hg`prllomlomg qul cene l
lshrate pgssul` hratárags maclrlotls pere slb`loter penevres.
Xlb`loteâèg ml
penevres/hnessacaheâ
penevres/hnessacaheâèg
penevres pgr oû`lrg èg ml
ml (LCLKEEANZ6<ZL) Amlotacaher
(LCLKEEANZ6<ZL) Amlotacaher g oû`lrg ml sànedes ml penevres, slpereomg-es l
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs sànedes hnessacaheomg-es l` `gogssànedes, massànedes, trassànedes l pgnassànedes,
naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml gdslrveomg e grbeoazeâèg mes penevres og enaofe`lotg me peute,
1
3
slàøtahe etueâèg hgosgnameomg e hgoshaëohae cgognøbahe, rlcnltaomg sgdrl es rlbres l e
(Encedltazeâèg) cgrèâèg mes penevres ogs bëolrgs lstumemgs.
(LCLKEEANZ63ZL) Amlotacaher gutrgs saoeas og tlxtg ená` mes nltres, hg`g

(LCLKEEANZ63ZL)
pgotgs caoeas, ml aotlrrgbeâèg l lxhneèâèg, vàrbunes (ml cgrè aotrgmutørae),
l slus lclatgs oe nlature l lotgoeâèg oe prgmuâèg ml slotamgs ogs tlxtgs.
Zgotueâèg
(LCLKEEANZ62ZL) Amlotacaher e cuoâèg me pgotueâèg oe nlature l user,
(LCLKEEANZ62ZL)
emlqueme`lotl, oe lshrate pgotg caoen, ml aotlrrgbeâèg, ml lxhneèâèg,
mgas-pgotgs l trevlssèg l` maångbgs (mashursg marltg), vàrbune l`
lou`lreâüls l l` slpereâèg ml vghetavg l ml epgstg, etloteomg pere gs
lclatgs ml slotamg prgmuzamgs plng usg og tlxtg.
(LCLKEEANZ66ZL) Maclrlohaer, hg` e `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr, oe nlature ml

(LCLKEEANZ66ZL)
Zgotueâèg tlxtgs, vàrbune, pgotg l vàrbune, mgas-pgotgs l rlhgoflhlr, oe nlature ml
tlxtgs, g lclatg ml slotamg qul mlhgrrl mg usg ml rltahëohaes, espes,
perëotlsls.
(LCLKEEANZ61ZL) Ebruper penevres, hg` e `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr, plng

(LCLKEEANZ61ZL)
hratárag ml eprgxaèâèg ml saboacahemg (saogoààe) l slperer penevres plng
hratárag ml gpgsaâèg ml saboacahemg
s aboacahemg (eotgoààe), e pertar mes pråtahes ml nlature.
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs Xaogoààe l eotgoààe

(LCLKEEANZ1:ZL) Amlotacaher saoýoa`gs ml penevres ml tlxtg namg,
(LCLKEEANZ1:ZL)
naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml Xl`äotahe
mltlràoeomg e maclrloâe ml slotamg lotrl lnls.
1
2
(Encedltazeâèg)
(LCLKEEANZ15ZL) Cgrèr
(LCLKEEANZ15ZL) Cgrèr eotýoa`gs ml penevres lohgotremes l` tlxtg namg
plng ehrásha`g mg prlcaxg ml olbeâèg ao-/a`-.
ao -/a`-.
(LCLKEEANZ14ZL) Amlotacaher
(LCLKEEANZ14ZL)
sues Amlotacaher
cuoâüls oe greâèg l suel maclrlohaer, l` tlxtgs,
rlnlväohae pere sudsteotavgs
e hgostruâèg l vlrdgs,
ml slotamgs mgs
tlxtgs namgs l prgmuzamgs.
@grcgngbae
(LCLKEEANZ18ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs namgs l prgmuzamgs, emkltavgs l sue
(LCLKEEANZ18ZL)
cuoâèg ml etraduaâèg ml prgpralmeml egs sudsteotavgs, l` quenacaheâèg ml
lspeâgs, plrsgoeblos, slota`lotgs, mlotrl gutres quenacaheâüls pgssàvlas ogs
tlxtgs, aoclraomg gs lclatgs ml slotamg.
(LCLKEEANZ1=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr prlcaxgs l sucaxgs prgmutavgs oe cgrèâèg ml

(LCLKEEANZ1=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr
penevres mlravemes ml sudsteotavgs, ml emkltavgs l ml vlrdgs, utanazeomg-gs
pere e hg`prllosèg ml penevres l cgrèâèg ml ogves penevres, l` mavlrsgs
tlxtgs.
@grcgngbae
(LCLKEEANZ1<ZL) Amlotacaher l` tlxtgs l user oe prgmuâèg tlxtuen prgog`ls
(LCLKEEANZ1<ZL) Amlotacaher
plssgeas, pgsslssavgs l ml`gostretavgs, hg`g rlhursg hglsavg eoecørahg,
vaseomg ê hgostruâèg ml slotamgs mgs tlxtgs namgs l lshratgs.
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs (LCLKEEANZ13ZL) Amlotacaher

(LCLKEEANZ13ZL) Amlotacaher l rlhgoflhlr e lxprlssèg ml prlslotl, pessemg
naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml l cuturg l` tl`pgs vlrdeas mg `gmg aomahetavg, usemgs ogs tlxtgs namgs l
1
slàøtahe etueâèg lshratgs.
6
(Encedltazeâèg)
(LCLKEEANZ12ZL) Amlotacaher l` tlxtgs l user oe prgmuâèg tlxtuen e

(LCLKEEANZ12ZL)
hgohgrmäohae lotrl ertabg, sudsteotavg l emkltavg (hgohgrmäohae og brupg
ogàoen), etloteomg pere e prgmuâèg ml slotamgs.
(LCLKEEANZ16ZL) Cnlxagoer,
(LCLKEEANZ16ZL) Cnlxagoer, emlqueme`lotl, l` prgmuâèg ml bëolrgs greas
@grcgssaotexl l lshratgs gs vlrdgs l` hgohgrmäohae hg` prgog`ls plssgeas/og`ls
suklatgs me greâèg.
greâèg.
(LCLKEEANZ11ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs, g usg ml hgokuoâüls l e rlneâèg qul

(LCLKEEANZ11ZL) Amlotacaher,
lstedlnlhl` lotrl pertls mg tlxtg; emaâèg, gpgsaâèg, tl`pg, heuse,
hgomaâèg, caoenameml l gs lclatgs ml slotamgs prgvghemgs etrevás ml slus usgs.
(LCLKEEANZ5::ZL) Amlotacaher l hg`prllomlr e hgohgrmäohae lotrl

(LCLKEEANZ5::ZL)
sudsteotavg gu prgog`l plssgen l vlrdg (hgohgrmäohae vlrden), emlqueomg ê
prgmuâèg ml slotamg mg bëolrg prgmuzamg.
(LCLKEEANZ5:5ZL) Amlotacaher l rlprgmuzar, l` danfltls, rlhemgs, evasgs, e

(LCLKEEANZ5:5ZL)
cgrèteâèg l maebreèâèg lsplhàcahe ml heme u` mlssls bëolrgs.
He`pg me
vame (LCLKEEANZ5:4ZL) Amlotacaher
(LCLKEEANZ5:4ZL) Amlotacaher l rlprgmuzar, l` tlxtgs aokuotavgs aostruhagoeas
hgtamaeoe (aostruâüls ml kgbgs mabateas gu a`prlssgs, l gutrgs bëolrgs tlxtueas), e
cgrèteâèg prøprae mlssls tlxtgs (vlrdgs a`plretavgs, aomaheâèg ml pessgs e
slrl` slbuamgs) l cgrètg lsplhàcahg mgs tlxtgs greas gu lshratgs mlssls
Eoånasl bëolrgs (naste/ eprlsloteâèg ml ètlraeas l aostruâüls/pessgs ml kgbg).
kgbg).
1
naobuàstahe/ Cgrès ml hg`pgsaâèg
1
slàøtahe mg tlxtg
(Encedltazeâèg) (LCLKEEANZ5:8ZL) Amlotacaher l rlprgmuzar, l` eoûohags pudnahatårags l tlxtgs
(LCLKEEANZ5:8ZL) Amlotacaher
ml he`peofes ml hgoshalotazeâèg (greas l lshratgs, mabateas gu a`prlssgs), e
cgrèteâèg l maebreèâèg lsplhàcahe ml heme u` mlssls bëolrgs, aohnusavl g
usg ml aèblos, epgaeomg-sl og breu ml hg`pnlxameml mgs rlclramgs tlxtgs l
He`pg me g oàvln ml eutgogàe e slr hgoquastemg plngs lstumeotls.

ls tumeotls.
vame (LCLKEEANZ5:=ZL) Amlotacaher
(LCLKEEANZ5:=ZL) Amlotacaher l rlhgoflhlr l` ogtàhaes, èohfltls, l hertes
pûdnahe ml rlhneèâèg, mabateas l a`prlssgs, e cgrèteâèg l maebreèâèg lsplhàcahe
ml heme u` mlssls bëolrgs,
bëo lrgs, aohnusavl l` sues vlrsüls greas.
greas.
(LCLKEEANZ5:<ZL) Eoenaser e venameml l cgrâe ml erbu`lotgs l` tlxtgs

(LCLKEEANZ5:<ZL)
erbu`lotetavgs (can`ls, mghu`lotårags, mlslofgs eoaèmgs, FUs, l-èans,
erbu`lotetavgs (can`ls, mghu`lotårags, mlslofgs eoaèmgs, FUs, l èans,
dngbs, be`ls lth.), hg` desl l` hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl gs `ls`gs.
`ls`gs.
He`pg mes
(LCLKEEANZ5:3ZL) \tanazer rlhursgs ml hglsèg prgogàoen (prgog`ls
pråtahes ml Emlqueâèg mg tlxtg ês
eoecørahgs) l ertahunemgrls ml rlneâüls ml slotamg (tl`pg, heuse, gpgsaâèg,
lstumg l ogrès ml lshrate
hgohnusèg, hg`pereâèg), hg` oàvln emlquemg ml aocgrètavameml.
plsquase
(LCLKEEANZ5:2ZL) Amlotacaher
(LCLKEEANZ5:2ZL) Amlotacaher lnl`lotgs ml uè oerretave name gu lshuteme,
aohnuaomg plrsgoeblos, lorlmg, tl`pg l lspeâg, etrevás ml nlatures
hgnedgretaves ml cådunes l hgotgs, `lmaemes plng prgclssgr.
Cgrès ml hg`pgsaâèg
ml oerretaves
Eoånasl (LCLKEEANZ5:6ZL) Amlotacaher, l` oerretaves (cådune l hgotg), hloårag,
(LCLKEEANZ5:6ZL)
naobuàstahe/ He`pg plrsgoebl` hlotren, hgocnatg blremgr, rlsgnuâèg l g pgotg ml vaste, hg` desl
slàøtahe ertàstahg- og quen fastøraes sèg oerremes, maclrlohaeomg oerretaves l` pra`lare l
5 (Encedltazeâèg) natlrårag tlrhlare plssges.
:
:
(LCLKEEANZ5:1ZL) Maclrlohaer mashursg aomarltg l mashursg marltg,

(LCLKEEANZ5:1ZL)
mltlràoeomg g lclatg ml slotamg ml vlrdgs ml louohaeâèg l lxpnaheomg g
Mashursg marltg l aomarltg
usg ml veralmemls naobuàstahes og mashursg marltg, queomg cgr g hesg l sue
rlnlväohae oe hgostruâèg ml slotamgs mgs tlxtgs oerretavgs
o erretavgs (cådune l hgotg).
(LCLKEEANZ55:ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs l` vlrsgs, lclatgs ml slotamg

(LCLKEEANZ55:ZL)
Cgrès ml hg`pgsaâèg ml
mlhgrrlotls mg usg ml rlhursgs ràtàhgs l sgogrgs l ml `ltåcgres, etrevás
tlxtgs pgátahgs
ml nlature, grenazeâèg l eoånasl mgs rlclramgs tlxtgs.
Nàobue Zgrtubulse - Eogs Caoeas

Caoeas
CAOEAX
EOGX CAOEAX
ZTÅ]AHEX ML HE@ZGX ML GDKL]GX ML
FEDANAMEMLX LKE ZL
NAOB\EBL@ E]\EÂÈG HGOFLHA@LO]G
(LCLKEECNZ:5ZL) Amlotacaher mlotrg mgs mashursgs àmaåtahgs, pgsaâüls
(LCLKEECNZ:5ZL)
remaheas, prlhgohlatugses l prgpebemgres ml ømag, l` cuoâèg me átahe l mg
5
prgtebgoas`g, pgsahagoeomg-sl hratahe`lotl l` rlneâèg e lssl tapg ml
:
5 mashursg (hg` l`dese`lotg nlben), ml `gmg e prg`gvlr e hunture ml pez l e
rlenazeâèg ml mloûohaes, queomg olhlssårag.
He`pg Eprlhaeâèg l rápnahe

(LCLKEECNZ:4ZL) Eoenaser l hg`perer plâes pudnahatåraes veraemes (hertezls,
(LCLKEECNZ:4ZL) Eoenaser
Nlature kgroenàstahg/ Tlneâèg lotrl bëolrgs
cgnfltgs, gutmggr, eoûohags l prgpebeomes l` maclrlotls `àmaes, spgts,
l `àmaes
@amaåtahg kaobnl, vàmlgs lth.), cehanateomg e hg`prllosèg ml `gmg e plrhldlr, oes sues
aotlr-rlneâüls, es lsplhacahamemls mes våraes slàgsls l `àmaes, sue
emlqueâèg eg pûdnahg-envg, egs gdkltavgs mg eouohaeotl
eouohaeotl l/gu me he`peofe
l ê hgostruâèg hg`pgsahagoen l lstang mgs bëolrgs l` qulstèg, hg`g cgrè
ml e`pnaer sues pgssadanamemls ml hg`prllosèg (l prgmuâèg) ml tlxtgs
plrtlohlotls e lssls bëolrgs.
Lstretábaes/ (LCLKEECNZ:8ZL) Amlotacaher
(LCLKEECNZ:8ZL) Amlotacaher l eprllomlr l` E) cgtgrrlpgrteblos, g cetg gu e
Zrghlma`lotgs ml tl`åtahe rltreteme l e plrsplhtave ml edgrmebl`9 D) l`
l ` lmatgraeas, ertabgs ml
nlature; eprllomlr gs gpaoaèg, hertes mg l eg nlatgr, gs praohapeas tlès/sudtlès edgrmemgs,
slotamgs bngdeas mg lxpnaheâüls memes gu tlsls mlclomames l` rlneâèg e lssls sudtlès9 H) l`

tlxtg hferbl, e hràtahe, e argoae gu g fu`gr prlslotl, nlveomg l` hgosamlreâèg
(queomg fguvlr) es maclrlotls `àmaes (a`prlsses, vartueas l tlnlvasaves).
(LCLKEECNZ:=ZL) Maclrlohaer l eoenaser, E) l` rlpgrteblos ml mavunbeâèg

(LCLKEECNZ:=ZL)
halotàcahe l cgtgrrlpgrteblos, g cetg gu e tl`åtahe rltreteme l e plrsplhtave
ml edgrmebl`9 D) l` hertes mg l eg nlatgr, gs praohapeas tlès/sudtlès
edgrmemgs, lxpnaheâüls memes gu tlsls mlclomames l` rlneâèg e lssls
sudtlès9 H) l` `l`ls, hferbls, e hràtahe, e argoae gu g fu`gr prlslotl,
nlveomg l` hgosamlreâèg (queomg fguvlr) es maclrlotls `àmaes (a`prlsses,
vartueas l tlnlvasaves).
He`pg
Nlature kgroenàstahg/ (LCLKEECNZ:<ZL) Amlotacaher l eoenaser gs lclatgs ml slotamg qul cgrtenlhl` e
(LCLKEECNZ:<ZL) Amlotacaher
5 @amaåtahg plrsuesèg ogs tlxtgs pudnahatårags (he`peofes, eoûohags, cgnfltgs, dusmggr ,
:
4
kaobnls, spgt lth.
lth. qul harhune` l` mavlrsgs supgrtls àmaåtahgs), rlnehagoeomg
Lclatgs ml slotamg es lstretábaes ml plrsuesèg l eplng eg hgosu`g e pertar mgs rlhursgs
naobuàstahg-mashursavgs qul lssls bëolrgs eprlslote` (aèblos, tl`pg l
`gmg vlrden, kgbgs ml penevres, cabures ml naobuebl` lth., vaseomg cg`loter
pråtahes ml hgosu`g hgoshalotls.
(LCLKEECNZ:3ZL) Hg`perer
(LCLKEECNZ:3ZL) Hg`perer l evenaer ogtàhaes l rlpgrteblos sgdrl u` `ls`g
Tlhgostruâèg mg
cetg mavunbemes l` maclrlotls `àmaes ‘ ‘ lsplhaen`lotl ml harhuneâèg nghen
hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg,
(èagr pgssadanameml ml „vlracaheâèg‐ mgs cetgs l prgxaàmeml mgs lstumeotls)
ls tumeotls)
harhuneâèg l rlhlpâèg
‘
‘,, eoenaseomg es lsplhacahamemls mes `àmaes, es herehtlràstahes hg`pgsahagoeas
ml tlxtgs
mlssls bëolrgs l gs prghlssgs ml (rl)lnedgreâèg mgs tlxtgs.
(LCLKEECNZ:2ZL) Tlhgoflhlr e a`pgssadanameml ml uè olutrenameml

(LCLKEECNZ:2ZL)
edsgnute og rlnetg ml cetgs, rlcnltaomg sgdrl perhaenameml/ a`perhaenameml e
pertar mgs lclatgs ml slotamgs prgmuzamgs plngs rlhgrtls l plnes lshgnfes
nlxaheas clates plng eutgr, ml cgrè e pgmlr mlslovgnvlr uè etatuml hràtahe
crlotl egs tlxtgs kgroenàstahgs l tgroer-sl hgoshalotl mes sues prøpraes
lshgnfes loqueotg prgmutgr ml tlxtgs.
tlxtgs.
(LCLKEECNZ:6ZL) Lstedlnlhlr rlneâèg lotrl gs maclrlotls bëolrgs

(LCLKEECNZ:6ZL)
kgroenàstahgs (lmatgraen,
(lmatgraen, ertabg m
mll gpaoaè
gpaoaèg,
g, herte mg nlat
nlatgr,
gr, hferbl, lotrl gut
gutrgs),
rgs),
pgr `lag me nlature ml ètáraes hgrrlnehagoemes, rlhgoflhlomg es
herehtlràstahes hg`pgsahagoeas mlssls bëolrgs l hg`prllomlomg e
hlotrenameml mg tlxtg.
tlxtg.
Herehtlrazeâèg mg (LCLKEECNZ:1ZL) Eoenaser e lstruture l g cuohagoe`lotg mgs faplrnaois l`

He`pg he`pg kgroenàstahg l tlxtgs pudnahemgs oe wld, hgosamlreomg g gdkltavg me nlature l vasnu`dreomg
Nlature kgroenàstahg/ rlneâèg lotrl gs pgssadanamemls ml uè lshrate faplrtlxtuen.
f aplrtlxtuen.
5 @amaåtahg bëolrgs l` harhuneâèg,
: (LCLKEECNZ5:ZL) Eoenaser g cloý`log me masslàoeâèg ml ogtàhaes censes oes
(LCLKEECNZ5:ZL) Eoenaser
8 `àmaes l pråtahes me
rlmls sghaeas l mlslovgnvlr lstretábaes pere rlhgoflhë-nes, e pertar me
hunture mabaten
hgosunte me vlrehameml mg vlàhung, cgotl, mete l nghen me pudnaheâèg, eutgrae,
\TN, me eoånasl me cgrèteâèg, me hg`pereâèg ml maclrlotls cgotls, me
hgosunte e satls ml huremgrae qul etlste` e camlmaboameml mg rlnetg mgs cetgs
l mlouohae` dgetgs, lotrl gutrgs.
(LCLKEECNZ55ZL) Eoenaser maclrlotls pråtahes (hurtar, hg`pertanfer, hg`loter
(LCLKEECNZ55ZL) Eoenaser
lth.) l maclrlotls bëolrgs plrtlohlotls e hunture mabaten (`l`l, bac,
hg`lotårag, hferbl mabaten lth.) lovgnvamgs og tretg hg` e aocgrèâèg l
gpaoaèg, evenaeomg es aotlohagoenamemls l es pgstures ml qul` prgmuz l/gu
sghaenaze gs tlxtgs, ml cgrè e pgssadanater uè prlsloâe èas hràtahe l átahe
oes rlmls.
rlmls.
(LCLKEECNZ54ZL) Lxpngrer
(LCLKEECNZ54ZL) Lxpngrer l hg`prllomlr g lspeâg rlslrvemg eg nlatgr ogs
kgroeas, rlvastes, a`prlssgs l go-naol, satls ogtahagsgs, rlmls sghaeas lth.,
amlotacaheomg gs essuotgs, gs tlès, gs mldetls l` cghg, e ca` ml pgsahagoer-
sl ml èolare átahe l rlsplatgse crlotl e lssls tlxtgs l ês gpaoaüls e lnls
rlnehagoemes.
Eprlhaeâèg l rápnahe
(LCLKEECNZ58ZL) Eoenaser tlxtgs ml gpaoaèg (hertes ml nlatgrls, hg`lotårags,
(LCLKEECNZ58ZL) Eoenaser
pgsts ml dngb l ml rlmls sghaeas, hferbls, `l`ls, bacs lth.), `gdanazeomg
aocgrèâüls l hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl g essuotg/cetg qul á gdkltg ml eoånasl,
ml `gmg e pgsahagoer-sl ml cgrè hràtahe l cuome`loteme, átahe l rlsplatgse
crlotl e cetgs l gpaoaüls rlnehagoemgs e lssls tlxtgs.
He`pg
Nlature kgroenàstahg/ (LCLKEECNZ5=ZL) Hg`perer aocgrèâüls mavunbemes sgdrl u` `ls`g cetg
(LCLKEECNZ5=ZL) Hg`perer
5 @amaåtahg l` maclrlotls bëolrgs, vlàhungs l `àmaes, eoenaseomg l evenaeomg e
:
=
hgocaedanameml, e aotlohagoenameml l g breu ml perhaenameml/a`perhaenameml,
sl` plrmlr ml vaste gs lclatgs ml slotamg prgmuzamgs pgr rlhursgs naobuàstahgs
l ùntasslàøtahgs.
ùntasslàøtahgs.
Tlneâèg lotrl tlxtgs
(LCLKEECNZ5<ZL) Eoenaser l kustacaher maclrloâes gu sl`lnfeoâes og
(LCLKEECNZ5<ZL)
trete`lotg memg e uè `lsè aocgrèâèg vlahuneme l` tlxtgs maclrlotls,
hgosunteomg satls l slrvaâgs ml „vlracaheâèg‐ ml cetgs, nlveomg l`
hgosamlreâèg e aotloâèg hgùoahetave l g pûdnahg envg.
envg.
(LCLKEECNZ53ZL) Mastaobuar cetg me gpaoaèg rlnetave e lssl `ls`g cetg,

(LCLKEECNZ53ZL)
Mastaoâèg ml cetg l
eoenaseomg es èrhes ml sudkltavameml mlaxemes og tlxtg (g usg ml
gpaoaèg
`gmenazemgrls pere e èoaclsteâèg me gpaoaèg ml eutgr).
eutgr).
Lstretábaes/
Zrghlma`lotgs ml (LCLKEECNZ52ZL) Amlotacaher l evenaer tlsls/gpaoaüls/pgsahagoe`lotgs
(LCLKEECNZ52ZL)
nlature; eprllosèg mgs mastaotgs (lxpnàhatgs l a`pnàhatgs), erbu`lotgs l hgotre-erbu`lotgs l` tlxtgs
slotamgs bngdeas mg erbu`lotetavgs (teas hg`g herte mg nlatgr, hg`lotårag, rlslofe hràtahe lth.),
tlxtg pgsahagoeomg-sl ml cgrè hgosastlotl.
hgosastlotl.
(LCLKEECNZ56ZL) Amlotacaher l hg`prllomlr gs lclatgs ml slotamg prgvghemgs

(LCLKEECNZ56ZL) Amlotacaher
plne slnlâèg nlxahen, lxeàoeomg e hglrëohae mlssls lclatgs l` rlneâèg ê
caoenameml mg bëolrg l ês aotloâüls prltlomames og tlxtg.
(LCLKEECNZ51ZL) Amlotacaher l eoenaser g usg ml rlhursgs plrsuesavgs, teas

(LCLKEECNZ51ZL)
He`pg hg`g; lnedgreâèg mg tàtung, lshgnfes nlxaheas, hgostruâüls `ltecørahes,
5 Nlature kgroenàstahg/ lxpnahateâèg gu ghunteâèg ml cgotls ml aocgrèâèg l` tlxtgs erbu`lotetavgs
:
< @amaåtahg Lclatgs ml slotamg
mavlrsgs (ertabg ml gpaoaèg, herte mg nlatgr, lmatgraen, prgpebeomes, vngbs,
pgmhests), evenaeomg gs lclatgs ml slotamg mlhgrrlotls mes lshgnfes
l`prlbemes.
(LCLKEECNZ4:ZL) Eoenaser, l` maclrlotls tlxtgs, g lclatg ml slotamg

(LCLKEECNZ4:ZL)
prgmuzamg plng usg ml rlhursg e cgrès ml eprgpraeâèg tlxtuen (teas hg`g
peråcresls, hateâüls, mashursg marltg, aomarltg gu aomarltg navrl), hgosamlreomg
g tlxtg desl/grabaoen.
(LCLKEECNZ45ZL) Tlhgoflhlr
(LCLKEECNZ45ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l evenaer gs lclatgs ml slotamg mlvamg ê lshgnfe
Lxpngreâèg me
ml aèblos lståtahes, slqulohaeâèg gu sgdrlpgsaâèg ml aèblos, mlcaoaâèg
ùntasslàgsl ml cabure/cuomg, äobung, prgcuomameml l cghg, hgrls/tgoenamemls, rlneâèg hg`
g lshratg (rlneâüls ml rlatlreâèg, hg`pnl`loteâèg gu gpgsaâèg) lth. l`
cgtgrrlpgrteblos, cgtg-mloûohaes, bacs, eoûohags pudnahatårags l prgpebeomes

pudnahemgs l` kgroeas, rlvastes, satls oe aotlrolt, rlmls sghaeas lth.
(LCLKEECNZ44ZL) Amlotacaher l hg`prllomlr, tlomg l` vaste g hgotlxtg ml
prgmuâèg l harhuneâèg, gs etgrls lovgnvamgs, gs aotlrlssls prltlomamgs, e
cgrè ml grbeoazeâèg mgs tlxtgs ogrètavgs l nlbeas, e nøbahe ml
Tlhgostruâèg mes falrerquazeâèg ml slus atlos l sudatlos l sues pertls; pertl aoahaen (tàtung ‘
‘
hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg og`l l mete ‘
‘ l l`lote), dnghgs ml ertabgs (pertl, navrg, hepàtung, slâèg,
l harhuneâèg ml tlxtgs sudslâèg), ertabgs (heput l peråbrecgs l aohasgs) l pertl caoen (maspgsaâüls
ogrètavgs l nlbeas l
emlqueâèg mg tlxtg ê plrtaolotls ê sue a`pnl`loteâèg).
He`pg me vame hgostruâèg
pûdnahe hg`pgsahagoen l eg (LCLKEECNZ48ZL) Eoenaser lclatgs ml slotamg heusemgs plng usg ml
(LCLKEECNZ48ZL)
5 lstang ml bëolrg vghedunårag táhoahg, plng usg mg a`plretavg, ml penevres l lxprlssüls qul
:
3 Nlature ogrètavg l nlben aomahe` harhuostäohaes (hg`g emvárdags l nghuâüls emvlrdaeas), ml penevres
qul aomahe` blolrenamemls (hg`g enbuos prgog`ls aomlcaoamgs), e pgotg ml
hg`prllomlr g heråtlr a`plretavg, hglrhatavg l blolrenaste mes nlas l ml
gutres cgrès ml rlbune`loteâèg.
(LCLKEECNZ4=ZL) Zgsahagoer-sl l` rlneâèg e hgotlûmgs vlahunemgs l`

(LCLKEECNZ4=ZL)
pråtahes aostatuhagoenazemes gu oèg ml pertahapeâèg sghaen (sereus, rgmes ml
rep, rlplotl l l`dgnemes, detenfes ml sne` lth.), sgdrltumg êqulnes
vaohunemes e èoaclsteâüls ertàstahes, prgmuâüls huntureas, aotlrvloâüls
Eprlhaeâèg l rápnahe urdeoes l pråtahes me hunture pgpuner, qul prltlome` mlouohaer, lxpgr uè
prgdnl`åtahe gu „hgovgher‐ pere uè rlcnlxèg/eâèg, rlnehagoeomg lssl
tlxtg/prgmuâèg eg slu hgotlxtg, hg`g te`dá` es pertls l slàgsls
prlslotls oe prgmuâèg ml slotamgs.
Lstretábaes/
Zrghlma`lotgs ml
nlature l` tlxtgs nlbeas (LCLKEECNZ4<ZL) Tlnehagoer tlxtgs l mghu`lotgs nlbeas l ogrètavgs ml
(LCLKEECNZ4<ZL)
l ogrètavgs a`pgrtäohae uoavlrsen, oehagoen gu nghen rlhgoflhlomg l eoenaseomg pgssàvlas
`gtaveâüls, caoenamemls l sue vaohuneâèg hg` lxplraëohaes fuèoes l cetgs
fastørahgs l sghaeas, hg`g cgrè ml e`pnaer e hg`prllosèg mgs marlatgs l
mlvlrls, ml cg`loter gs praohàpags ml`ghråtahgs l uè etueâèg peuteme plne
átahe me rlspgosedanameml (g gutrg tl` marlatg e uè vame maboe
m aboe teotg queotg
lu tlofg).
(LCLKEECNZ43ZL) Lxpngrer l eoenaser aostäohaes l heoeas ml pertahapeâèg

(LCLKEECNZ43ZL)
maspgoàvlas oe lshgne (hgoslnfg lshgner, gutrgs hgnlbaemgs, brëàg navrl), oe
He`pg me vame Hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg, hgùoameml (essghaeâüls, hgnltavgs, `gva`lotgs lth.), og ùoahàpag gu og
pûdnahe harhuneâèg l rlhlpâèg peàs (pertamgs pgnàtahgs), aohnuaomg cgrès ml pertahapeâèg mabaten, hg`g heoeas
5 ml tlxtgs l pråtahes l pnetecgrès ml pertahapeâèg (hg`g pgrten l-hamemeoae), slrvaâgs, pgrteas l
:
2 Nlature rlnehagoemes ê mlclse clrre`lotes ml ehg`peofe`lotgs mg tredenfg ml pgnàtahgs l ml treàteâèg
ml marlatgs l ê ml nlas, heoeas ml lmuheâèg pgnàtahe, dl` hg`g ml prgpgstes l prgpgsaâüls
pertahapeâèg sghaen qul harhune` olssls heoeas, ml cgrè e pertahaper mg mldetl ml amlaes l
prgpgstes oe lsclre sghaen l e lobeker-sl hg` e dushe ml sgnuâüls pere
prgdnlès gu qulstüls qul lovgnve` e vame me lshgne
ls hgne l me hgùoameml.
Lstretábaes/
Zrghlma`lotgs ml (LCLKEECNZ42ZL) Amlotacaher g gdkltg me rlhneèâèg l/gu me sgnahateâèg l sue
nlature l` tlxtgs sustloteâèg, lxpnaheâèg gu kustacahetave, ml cgrè e pgmlr eoenaser e
rlavaomahetørags gu plrtaoëohae me sgnahateâèg gu me rlhneèâèg.
rlhneèâèg.
prgpgsatavgs
Tlhgostruâèg mes
hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg (LCLKEECNZ46ZL) Tlnehagoer gs hgotlxtgs ml prgmuâèg mgs bëolrgs ml
(LCLKEECNZ46ZL)
l rlhlpâèg mgs tlxtgs l mavunbeâèg halotàcahe (tlxtg mamåtahg, lsqulè, aocgbråcahg lståtahg l eoaèmg,
emlqueâèg mg tlxtg ê rlnetørag, rlnetg ùntaàmaåtahg ml he`pg, pgmhests, vàmlgs ml mavunbeâèg
hgostruâèg halotàcahe lth.) l rlcnltar sgdrl esplhtgs rlnetavgs ê hgostruâèg hg`pgsahagoen

hg`pgsahagoen l eg l ês èrhes naobuàstahes herehtlràstahes mlssls bëolrgs, ml cgrè e e`pnaer
lstang ml bëolrg sues pgssadanamemls ml hg`prllosèg (l prgmuâèg) ml tlxtgs plrtlohlotls e
lssls bëolrgs.
(LCLKEECNZ41ZL) Lxpngrer l hg`perer, hg` euxànag mg prgclssgr l mgs

hgnlbes, hgotlûmgs, memgs l aocgrèâüls ml maclrlotls cgotls, nlveomg l`
hgote slus hgotlxtgs ml prgmuâèg l rlclrëohaes, amlotacaheomg hgaohamëohaes,
hg`pnl`loteramemls l hgotremaâüls, ml cgrè e pgmlr plrhldlr pgssàvlas
He`pg mes lrrgs/a`prlhasüls hgohlatueas.
pråtahes ml
lstumg l (LCLKEECNZ8:ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l utanazer èrhemgrls mashursavgs ‘ teas
(LCLKEECNZ8:ZL) Tlhgoflhlr ‘ teas hg`g
5 Nlature plsquase „l` pra`larg/slbuomg/tlrhlarg nuber‐, „mlpgas/l` slbuame/pgr ca`‐, „pgr
:
6 gutrg nemg‐, „matg ml gutrg `gmg‐, astg á‐, „pgr lxl`png‐ ‘ ‘ pere
hg`prllomlr e falrerquazeâèg mes prgpgsaâüls l erbu`lotgs, saotltazeomg g
hgotlûmg mgs tlxtgs.
Lstretábaes/ (LCLKEECNZ85ZL) Xlnlhagoer aocgrèâüls l memgs rlnlveotls ml cgotls

(LCLKEECNZ85ZL)
Zrghlma`lotgs ml mavlrses (a`prlsses, mabateas, greas lth.), evenaeomg e hrlmadanameml l e utanameml
nlature; slnlâèg ml mlsses cgotls, l grbeoazeomg, lsqulètahe`lotl, hg` euxànag mg prgclssgr,
aocgrèâüls es aocgrèâüls olhlssåraes hg` gu sl` epgag ml clrre`lotes mabateas, l`
quemrgs, tedlnes gu bråcahgs.
(LCLKEECNZ84ZL) Tlnehagoer
(LCLKEECNZ84ZL) Tlnehagoer e naobuebl` vlrden hg` e naobuebl` oèg vlrden
Tlneâèg mg vlrden hg`
l fàdrame (lsqulès, aocgbråcahgs, aèblos veraemes lth.) oe (rl)hgostruâèg
gutres slàgsls
mgs slotamgs mgs tlxtgs ml mavunbeâèg halotàcahe
(LCLKEECNZ88ZL) Tltlxtuenazer mg mashursavg pere g lsqul`åtahg (aocgbråcahg,

(LCLKEECNZ88ZL) Tltlxtuenazer
lsqulè, tedlne, bråcahg, anustreâèg lth.) l, eg hgotrårag, treoscgrèr g
Tltlxtuenazeâèg ml
hgotlûmg mes tedlnes, lsqulès, aocgbråcahgs, anustreâüls lth. l` tlxtgs greas
bëolrgs ml epgag ê
l lshratgs, hg`g cgrè ml e`pnaer es pgssadanamemls ml hg`prllosèg mlssls
hg`prllosèg
tlxtgs, hg`g te`dá` eoenaser es herehtlràstahes mes ùntasslàgsls l mgs
bëolrgs l` qulstèg.
(LCLKEECNZ8=ZL) Xlnlhagoer es pertls lsslohaeas mg tlxtg, tlomg l` vaste gs

Lstretábaes/
gdkltavgs ml nlature l prgmuzar èrbaoånaes gu ogtes l` gutrg supgrtl,
He`pg mes Zrghlma`lotgs ml
sàotlsls grbeoazemes l` atlos, quemrg saoøptahg, quemrg hg`peretavg,
pråtahes ml nlature; slnlâèg ml
lsqulè, èpe hgohlatuen lth., hg`g cgrè ml pgssadanater uè èagr
lstumg l aocgrèâüls
hg`prllosèg mg tlxtg, e sastlètazeâèg ml hgotlûmgs l aocgrèâüls l u`
Nlature plsquase
pgsahagoe`lotg hràtahg, sl cgr g hesg, crlotl egs tlxtgs.
5
:
1
(LCLKEECNZ8<ZL) Tlenazer plsquase, e pertar mg gdkltg e slr aovlstabemg, mg
(LCLKEECNZ8<ZL) Tlenazer
rlhgrtl tl`åtahg, mes qulstüls l fapøtlsls lnedgremes prlvae`lotl,
Huremgrae ml prlclrlohaen`lotl ml tl`åtahes prøpraes mg e`dalotl sghaghunturen mgs
aocgrèâèg lstumeotls, useomg cgotls aomahemes l edlrtes, slnlhagoeomg aocgrèâüls
rlnlveotls eg prgkltg ml plsquase l mastaobuaomg cgotls hgocaåvlas ml oèg
hgocaåvlas.
(LCLKEECNZ83ZL) Aoclrar,
(LCLKEECNZ83ZL) Aoclrar, l` tlxtgs natlrårags, e prlsloâe ml vengrls sghaeas,
huntureas l fuèogs l ml maclrlotls vasüls ml ùomg l prgmuâüls natlråraes
He`pg Tlhgostruâèg mes
(teotg es hgosamlremes hnåssahes queotg es èrbaoenazemes), vengrazeomg-es l
ertàstahg- hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg,
rlhgoflhlomg olssls tlxtgs cgrès ml lstedlnlhlr `ûntapngs gnferls sgdrl
natlrårag harhuneâèg l rlhlpâèg
es amlotamemls, es sghalmemls l es huntures, sl` plrmlr ml vaste e eutgrae l g
hgotlxtg sghaen l fastørahg ml sue prgmuâèg.
(LCLKEECNZ82ZL) Tlhgoflhlr es cuoâüls aocgrètaves l plrsuesaves mgs

bëolrgs hg`g querte-hepe, prgbreè (ml tletrg, meoâe, lxpgsaâèg lth.),
saogpsl, hg`lotårag l` dngb/vngb hunturen lth., e ca` ml slnlhagoer gdres
natlråraes l gutres èoaclsteâüls ertàstahes (haolè, tletrg, lxpgsaâüls,
lspltåhungs, HMs, MSMs lth.), maclrlohaeomg es slquëohaes mlshrataves mes
evenaetaves.
(LCLKEECNZ86ZL) Zertahaper ml pråtahes ml hg`pertanfe`lotg ml

(LCLKEECNZ86ZL)
nlature/rlhlpâèg ml gdres natlråraes/èoaclsteâüls ertàstahes hg`g rgmes ml
He`pg Tlhgostruâèg mes
nlature, hnudls ml nlature, tlrtûnaes natlråraes, lvlotgs ml hgoteâèg ml fastøraes,
Nlature ertàstahg- hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg,
ùsaheas , haolhnudls, clstaveas ml vàmlg, sereus, sne`s, heoeas ml dggitudlrs,
5 natlrårag harhuneâèg l rlhlpâèg
5 rlmls sghaeas tl`åtahes (ml nlatgrls, ml haoácangs, ml `ûsahe lth.), mlotrl
: Eprlhaeâèg l rápnahe
gutrgs, tlhlomg, queomg pgssàvln, hg`lotårags ml grml` lstátahe l ecltave,
prlclrlohaen`lotl ml prgmuâüls ngheas l rlbagoeas.
(LCLKEECNZ81ZL) Zgsahagoer-sl hratahe`lotl l` rlneâèg e tlxtgs

plrtlohlotls e bëolrgs hg`g querte-hepe, prgbreè (ml tletrg, meoâe,
lxpgsaâèg lth.), saogpsl, rlslofe hràtahe, hg`lotårag l` dngb/vngb hunturen
lth., e ca` ml slnlhagoer gdres natlråraes l gutres prgmuâüls ertàstahes (haolè,
tletrg, lxpgsaâüls, lspltåhungs, HMs, MSMs lth.), eprlhaeomg e quenameml mes
aocgrèâüls mlshrataves l evenaetaves mgs tlxtgs l rlhgoflhlomg-gs hg`g
bëolrgs tlxtueas qul epgae` e lshgnfe mg navrg gu prgmuâèg hunturen.
(LCLKEECNZ=:ZL) Eoenaser gs rlhursgs hglsavgs qul hgostrgl` e pessebl`

(LCLKEECNZ=:ZL) Eoenaser pess ebl` mg
tl`pg l qul ertahune` sues pertls, e lshgnfe nlxahen tàpahe ml heme bëolrg
pere e herehtlrazeâèg mgs lspeâgs càsahgs l psahgnøbahgs, mgs plrsgoeblos l
mgs tl`pgs hrgognøbahgs l psahgnøbahgs, hg`g te`dá` gs lclatgs ml slotamg
Tlhgostruâèg me mlhgrrlotls mgs tl`pgs vlrdeas, mgs tapgs ml mashursg, mgs vlrdgs ml
tlxtuenameml l louohaeâèg l mes veralmemls naobuàstahes (og mashursg marltg, sl fguvlr)
hg`prllosèg mgs l`prlbemgs.
lclatgs ml slotamgs
prgvghemgs plngs usgs (LCLKEECNZ=5ZL) Tlhgoflhlr g usg ml pgotueâèg lxprlssave, ml prghlssgs
(LCLKEECNZ=5ZL) Tlhgoflhlr
ml rlhursgs naobuàstahgs caburetavgs l ml rlhursgs naobuàstahg-breètaheas prøprags l sue cuoâèg l`
l ùntasslàøtahgs heme bëolrg oerretavg.
He`pg
(LCLKEECNZ=4ZL) Mastaobuar eutgr l oerremgr, oerremgr goashalotl l oerremgr
5 Nlature ertàstahg-
5 gdslrvemgr, hg`g te`dá` e vgz mg oerremgr mes vgzls mgs plrsgoeblos l
5 natlrårag
gutres vgzls.
(LCLKEECNZ=8ZL) Nlr, hg` epgag mg prgclssgr l ml gutrgs nlatgrls, navrgs ml

natlreture l/gu gutres prgmuâüls huntureas mg he`pg, lxpngreomg es pråtahes
Emlsèg ês pråtahes ml ml nltre`lotg ogs mavlrsgs bëolrgs tlxtueas, hgosamlreomg es
nlature pertahuneramemls mlsses prgmuâüls (g usg lstátahg me naobuebl`, es
hgrrlneâüls hg` gutres årles mg hgoflha`lotg l me ertl, e vlracaheâèg ml
ma`losüls mg fuèog lth.).
(LCLKEECNZ==ZL) Eoenaser,
(LCLKEECNZ==ZL) Eoenaser, lotrl tlxtgs natlrårags l oèg natlrårags, rlclrëohaes
lxpnàhates gu a`pnàhates e gutrgs tlxtgs, queotg egs tlès, plrsgoeblos l
rlhursgs natlrårags l slàøtahgs, pragrazeomg e hunture nghen/rlbagoen ml `gmg
e vengrazer e hunture/ g petra`ýoag mg nuber ml grabl`.
g rabl`.
(LCLKEECNZ=<ZL) Xlnlhagoer prghlma`lotgs l lstretábaes emlquemgs e

(LCLKEECNZ=<ZL)
maclrlotls gdkltavgs ml nlature, nlveomg l` hgosamlreâèg g supgrtl l es
herehtlràstahes mgs bëolrgs (hgotgs pgpunerls, hgotgs ml tlrrgr, nlomes
dresanlares, aomàbloes l ecraheoes, oerretaves ml evlotures, oerretaves ml
loabè, àtgs, vàmlg-pglès, pglès vasueas, mlotrl gutrgs), pgsahagoeomg-
sl sgdrl g tlxtg namg l lstedlnlhlomg prlclrëohaes pgr bëolrgs, tlès,
eutgrls.
He`pg Lstretábaes/
Nlature ertàstahg- Zrghlma`lotgs ml
natlrårag nlature; eprlhaeâèg l (LCLKEECNZ=3ZL) Nlr, ml cgrè eutýogè, rgèohls, hgotgs
(LCLKEECNZ=3ZL)
rápnahe hgotl`pgräolgs, àoahgotgs, cådunes hgotl`pgräoles, rgèohls, dagbrecaes
rgèohlemes, ogvlnes, hrýoahes vasueas, oerretaves ml cahâèg halotàcahe,
5 oerretaves ml susplosl, pglès ml cgrè navrl l caxe (hg`g feahea), pglè
5
4 hgohrltg, hadlr pglè,
pglè, mlotrl gutrgs bëolrgs, rlhgrrlomg e prghlma`lotgs l
lstretábaes ml nlature emlquemgs e maclrlotls gdkltavgs l hgosamlreomg es
herehtlràstahes hg`pgsahagoeas mgs bëolrgs l supgrtls, ená` ml lxprlsser
evenaeâèg sgdrl g tlxtg namg l lstedlnlhlr prlclrëohaes pgr bëolrgs, tlès,
eutgrls rlbagoeas.
(LCLKEECNZ=2ZL) (Tl)hgoflhlr
(LCLKEECNZ=2ZL) (Tl)hgoflhlr l mashutar oe plrsplhtave me prgmuâèg ml cgtg-
Tlneâèg mg tlxtg hg` g
He`pg mloûohaes, cgtgrrlpgrteblos, rlpgrteblos ùntaàmaåtahes, aocgbråcahgs,
hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg l
Zrgmuâèg ml kgroenàstahg/ pgmhests ogtahagsgs, ertabgs ml gpaoaèg ml aotlrlssl nghen gu bngden, tlxtgs ml
lxplra`loteâèg ml
]lxtgs @amaåtahg eprlsloteâèg l eprlhaeâèg ml prgmuâèg hunturen l prgpebeomes, spgts, kaobnls
pepáas sghaeas
ml he`peofes sghaeas, mlotrl gutrgs, l` våraes `àmaes.
(LCLKEECNZ=6ZL) Zneolker
(LCLKEECNZ=6ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar tlxtgs l` maclrlotls bëolrgs mg he`pg
kgroenàstahg/àmaåtahg, hgosamlreomg
hgosamlreomg sue emlqueâèg eg hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg
Lstretábaes ml lshrate;
(gs aotlrnghutgrls lovgnvamgs, gs gdkltavgs hgùoahetavgs, g bëolrg, g
pneolke`lotg l
supgrtl, e harhuneâèg), eg `gmg (lshratg gu gren9 aèbl` lståtahe gu l`
tlxtuenazeâèg
`gva`lotg lth.), ê veralmeml naobuàstahe l/gu slàøtahe eprgpraeme e lssl
hgotlxtg, ê hgostruâèg me tlxtuenameml rlnehagoeme ês prgpralmemls tlxtueas
l mg bëolrg, utanazeomg lstretábaes ml pneolke`lotg, lnedgreâèg, rlvasèg,
Emlqueâèg ê hgomaâèg
lmaâèg, rllshrate/rlmlsabo l evenaeâèg ml tlxtgs, pere, hg` g euxànag mg
ml prgmuâèg
prgclssgr l e hgnedgreâèg mgs hgnlbes, hgrrabar l epra`grer es prgmuâüls
rlenazemes.
(LCLKEECNZ=1ZL) Tlvaser/lmater g tlxtg prgmuzamg (herte eg nlatgr, ertabg ml

(LCLKEECNZ=1ZL) Tlvaser/lmater
5 Zrgmuâèg ml He`pg gpaoaèg, mlotrl gutrgs), tlomg l` vaste sue emlqueâèg eg hgotlxtg ml
5 Lstretábaes ml lshrate;
8 ]lxtgs kgroenàstahg/ prgmuâèg, ê `àmae l` qulstèg, ês herehtlràstahes mg bëolrg, egs esplhtgs
rlvasèg/lmaâèg ml tlxtg
rlvasèg/lmaâèg
@amaåtahg rlnetavgs ê tlxtuenameml, ê rlneâèg lotrl es maclrlotls slàgsls, l eg usg
aocgrètavg l gpaoetavg
emlquemg mes clrre`lotes ml lmaâèg (ml tlxtg, cgtg, åumag l vàmlg,
mlplomlomg mg hesg) l me ogrè hunte.
(LCLKEECNZ<:ZL) Zneolker
(LCLKEECNZ<:ZL) uè he`peofe pudnahatårae sgdrl
qulstüls/prgdnlès, tlès, heuses saboacahetaves pere e lshgne l/gu
Lstretábaes ml lshrate; hgùoameml, e pertar ml u` nlveote`lotg ml ètlraen sgdrl g tlè gu
pneolke`lotg ml tlxtgs lvlotg, me mlcaoaâèg mg pûdnahg-envg, mg tlxtg gu plâe e slr prgmuzamg (hertez,
ml plâes pudnahatåraes deoolr, cgnfltg, peocnltg, eoûohag a`prlssg l pere aotlrolt, spgt,
ml he`peofes sghaeas prgpebeome ml råmag, ]S lth.), me clrre`lote ml lmaâèg ml tlxtg, åumag gu
vàmlg qul slrå utanazeme, mg rlhgrtl l locgqul e slr memg, mes lstretábaes
ls tretábaes ml
plrsuesèg lth.
Lstretábaes ml lshrate; (LCLKEECNZ<5ZL) Zrgmuzar u` eoûohag pudnahatårag tlomg l` vaste es

(LCLKEECNZ<5ZL)
tlxtuenazeâèg l lmaâèg herehtlràstahes mg bëolrg ‘ tàtung
‘ tàtung hg` vlrdg og tl`pg prlslotl, hgrpg ml
tlxtg, usg mg a`plretavg, sngbeo, pûdnahg-envg, aèbl`, usg me plrsuesèg,
Herehtlràstahes mg supgrtl, tlomg l` vaste, ená` mes herehtlràstahes mg bëolrg, gs rlhursgs ml
bëolrg l` qulstèg; `àmaes maspgoàvlas l g èolkg ml rlhursgs ml hepteâèg l lmaâèg ml åumag l
Hglsèg aèbl`.
(LCLKEECNZ<4ZL) Zneolker rlpgrtebl` a`prlsse l l` gutres `àmaes (råmag,

(LCLKEECNZ<4ZL) Zneolker
]S/vàmlg, e`dalotl mabaten), e pertar (5) me lshgnfe mg cetg e slr eprgcuomemg
gu mg tlè e slr cghemg (ml rlnlväohae pere e turè, lshgne gu hgùoameml)9
(4) mg nlveote`lotg ml memgs l aocgrèâüls sgdrl g cetg/tlè, pgmlomg
ghgrrlr lotrlvastes hg` lovgnvamgs gu hg` lsplhaenastes, hgosuntes e cgotls
He`pg Lstretábae ml prgmuâèg;
mavlrses, eoånasl ml mghu`lotgs, hgdlrture ml lvlotgs lth.9 (8) mg rlbastrg
Zrgmuâèg ml kgroenàstahg/ pneolke`lotg ml tlxtgs
5
mlsses aocgrèâüls l memgs, (=) me lshgnfe ml cgtgs gu aèblos e prgmuzar gu
5
= ]lxtgs @amaåtahg aocgrètavgs
e utanazer lth., (<) me prgmuâèg ml aocgbråcahgs, queomg cgr g hesg, l (3) me
grbeoazeâèg faplrtlxtuen (og hesg ml pudnaheâèg l` satls gu dngbs ogtahagsgs
gu `ls`g ml kgroeas a`prlssgs, pgr `lag ml dgxls veraemgs), tlomg l` vaste
es hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg mg tlxtg ‘ ‘ gdkltavg, nlatgrls/lsplhtemgrls
prltlomamgs, lspeâgs ml harhuneâèg lth.
(LCLKEECNZ<8ZL) Zrgmuzar, rlvaser/lmater l rllshrlvlr rlpgrtebl` a`pr

(LCLKEECNZ<8ZL) Zrgmuzar, a`prlsse,
lsse,
Lstretábae ml prgmuâèg; hg` tàtung, naofe caoe (gptetave), grbeoazeâèg hg`pgsahagoen (lxpgsatave,
tlxtuenazeâèg, rlvasèg l aotlrprltetave l/gu gpaoetave), prgbrlssèg tl`åtahe l usg ml rlhursgs
lmaâèg ml tlxtgs naobuàstahgs hg`petàvlas hg` es lshgnfes clates l eaome rlpgrteblos
aocgrètavgs ùntaàmaåtahes, tlomg l` vaste es hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg (gdkltavgs l
aotlrnghutgrls prltlomamgs, lspeâgs ml harhuneâèg, herehtlràstahes
hg`pgsahagoeas mg bëolrg), gs rlhursgs l `àmaes maspgoàvlas, sue grbeoazeâèg
faplrtlxtuen l ùnta`gmen
lmaâèg ml åumag l aèbl`,lená`
g èolkg emlquemgê ogrè-pemr
ml emlqueâèg ml rlhursgs èg.
ml hepteâèg l
ogrè-pemrèg.
(LCLKEECNZ<=ZL) Zneolker herte mg nlatgr, e pertar me lshgnfe mg tlè gu

(LCLKEECNZ<=ZL)
qulstèg e slr mashutamg(e), me rlnlväohae pere e turè, lshgne gu hgùoameml,
mg nlveote`lotg ml memgs l aocgrèâüls sgdrl e qulstèg, mgs erbu`lotgs
Lstretábae ml prgmuâèg;
rlnehagoemgs e maclrlotls pgsahagoe`lotgs l` kgbg, me mlcaoaâèg ‘ ‘ g qul
pneolke`lotg ml tlxtgs
pgml lovgnvlr hgosuntes e cgotls mavlrses, lotrlvastes hg` lsplhaenastes,
erbu`lotetavgs l
eoånasl ml tlxtgs, grbeoazeâèg lsqul`åtahe mes aocgrèâüls l erbu`lotgs ‘
erbu`lotgs ‘
eprlhaetavgs
mgs (tapgs ml) erbu`lotgs l lstretábaes qul prltloml utanazer pere hgovlohlr
gs nlatgrls, tlomg l` vaste es hgomaâüls ml prg prgmuâèg
muâèg mg tlxtg
tlxtg ‘
‘ gdkltavg,
gdkltavg,
nlatgrls/lsplhtemgrls prltlomamgs, vlàhungs l `àmae ml harhuneâèg lth.
5 Zrgmuâèg ml He`pg (LCLKEECNZ<<ZL) Zrgmuzar, rlvaser l lmater vngbs, vàmlgs, pgmhests veraemgs,

(LCLKEECNZ<<ZL) Zrgmuzar,
5
]lxtgs kgroenàstahg/ Lstretábaes ml lshrate;
<
qul eprlslotl`/mlshrlve` l/gu evenal` prgmuâüls huntureas (navrg, can`l,
@amaåtahg tlxtuenazeâèg, rlvasèg l
sáral, be`l, heoâèg, vamlghnapl lth.) gu lvlotg (sfgw, sereu, sne` lth.), tlomg
lmaâèg ml tlxtgs
l` vaste g hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg memg, es herehtlràstahes mg bëolrg, gs
erbu`lotetavgs l
rlhursgs mes `àmaes lovgnvames l e tlxtuenazeâèg emlqueme mgs tlxtgs l/gu
eprlhaetavgs
prgmuâüls.
(LCLKEECNZ<3ZL) Zrgmuzar, rlvaser l lmater tlxtgs pudnahatårags, nlveomg l`

(LCLKEECNZ<3ZL) Zrgmuzar,
hgote g hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg mlcaoamg, e lsqulètazeâèg mg tlxtg l e rlneâèg
Lstretábaes ml lshrate; lotrl es lsclres pudnahatårae l kgroenàstahe, lxpngreomg gs rlhursgs
prgmuâèg l lmaâèg ml ùntasslàøtahgs, rlnehagoeomg lnl`lotgs vlrdeas l vasueas, utanazeomg
tlxtgs pudnahatårags emlqueme`lotl lstretábaes mashursaves ml plrsuesèg l/gu hgovloha`lotg l
hraeomg tàtung gu sngbeo qul ceâe` g nlatgr `gtaver-sl e aotlrebar hg` g tlxtg
prgmuzamg l sl saote etreàmg plng slrvaâg, amlae gu prgmutg l` qulstèg.
(LCLKEECNZ<2ZL) Zneolker,
(LCLKEECNZ<2ZL) Zneolker, prgmuzar, rlvaser l lmater tlxtgs rlavaomahetørags gu
prgpgsatavgs sgdrl prgdnlès qul eclte` e vame lshgner gu me hgùoameml,
kustacaheomg pgotgs ml vaste, rlavaomaheâüls l mltenfeomg prgpgstes
(kustacahetave, gdkltavgs, eâüls prlvastes lth.), nlveomg l` hgote slu hgotlxtg
ml prgmuâèg nghen, es herehtlràstahes mgs bëolrgs l` qulstèg l gs esplhtgs
Lstretábaes ml lshrate; ùntasslàøtahgs prlslotls pere e hgostruâèg ml slotamgs l e plsquase ml
tlxtuenazeâèg, rlvasèg l he`pg.
lmaâèg ml tlxtgs
rlavaomahetørags gu (LCLKEECNZ<6ZL) Hgotraduar
(LCLKEECNZ<6ZL) Hgotraduar hg` e lshrate ml tlxtgs ogrètavgs, maeotl ml
prgpgsatavgs uè mlèome oe lshgne, teas hg`g rlba`lotgs l lstetutgs ml grbeoazeâüls
He`pg me vame me sghalmeml havan og ä`datg me etueâèg mgs lstumeotls (brëàg navrl, hnudls
pûdnahe ml nlature, essghaeâüls huntureas lth.) l ml rlbres l rlbune`lotgs ogs vårags
ä`datgs me lshgne (he`plgoetgs, clstaveas, rlbres ml hgovavëohae lth.),
5 Zrgmuâèg ml nlveomg l` hgote g hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg l es herehtlràstahes mgs bëolrgs
5
3 ]lxtgs l` qulstèg.
(LCLKEECNZ<1ZL) Nlveoter l evenaer qulstüls, prgdnlès qul rlqulare` e

(LCLKEECNZ<1ZL) Nlveoter
Lstretábae ml prgmuâèg; mloûohae ml mlsrlsplatg e marlatgs, rlavaomaheâüls, rlhneèâüls, sgnahateâüls
pneolke`lotg ml tlxtgs qul hgotl`pnl` e hgùoameml lshgner gu enbu` ml slus `l`drgs,
rlavaomahetørags gu lxeàoeomg ogrès l nlbasneâüls, ml `gmg e pneolker l prgmuzar tlxtgs
prgpgsatavgs rlavaomahetørags hg`g cgrè ml lobeker-sl l` prgdnlès plssgeas l/gu
hgnltavgs.
He`pg mes (LCLKEECNZ3:ZL) Zrgmuzar, rlvaser l lmater tlxtgs vgntemgs pere e mavunbeâèg
(LCLKEECNZ3:ZL) Zrgmuzar,
pråtahes ml Lstretábaes ml lshrate; mg hgoflha`lotg l ml memgs
m emgs l rlsuntemgs ml plsquases, teas hg`g aocgbråcahg,
lstumg l tlxtuenazeâèg, rlvasèg l aocgbråcahg eoaèmg, pgmhest gu vngb halotàcahg, rlnetg ml lxplra`lotg,
plsquase lmaâèg rlnetørag, rlnetørag ùntaàmaåtahg ml he`pg, mlotrl gutrgs, hgosamlreomg
slus hgotlxtgs ml prgmuâèg (gdkltavg hgùoahetavg, nlatgrls/lsplhtemgrls,
bëolrg, vlàhungs
hg`pgsahagoeas l `àmae rlbunerls.
l lstanàstahes ml harhuneâèg lth.) l sues herehtlràstahes
Lstretábaes ml lshrate; (LCLKEECNZ35ZL) Zrgmuzar, rlvaser l lmater rgtlargs pere lnedgreâèg ml vàmlgs

(LCLKEECNZ35ZL) Zrgmuzar,
tlxtuenazeâèg, rlvasèg l ml maclrlotls tapgs (vngb halotàcahg, vàmlg-àoutg, prgbreè ml råmag,
lmaâèg pgmhests) pere mavunbeâèg ml hgoflha`lotgs halotàcahgs l rlsuntemgs ml
plsquase, tlomg l` vaste slu hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg (gdkltavg hgùoahetavg,
He`pg mes nlatgrls/lsplhtemgrls, bëolrg, vlàhungs l `àmae ml harhuneâèg lth.), gs
pråtahes ml lnl`lotgs l e hgostruâèg hg`pgsahagoen mgs rgtlargs.
lstumg l
plsquase (LCLKEECNZ34ZL) Mavunber rlsuntemgs ml plsquases, epøs rlvasèg l
(LCLKEECNZ34ZL)
lmaâèg/rllshrate, pgr `lag ml eprlsloteâüls greas, peaoáas, pgmhests
Mavunbeâèg ml plsquase
halotàcahgs, lotrl gutrgs bëolrgs ml slquëohae lxpgsatave.
lxpgsatave.
5 Zrgmuâèg ml
5
2 ]lxtgs
(LCLKEECNZ38ZL) Zrgmuzar rlslofes, e pertar mes ogtes l/gu lsqulès clatgs,
(LCLKEECNZ38ZL) Zrgmuzar
Lstretábaes ml lshrate;
hg` g èolkg emlquemg mes vgzls lovgnvames (mg rlslofemgr, mg eutgr me
tlxtuenazeâèg, rlvasèg l
gdre l, sl cgr g hesg, te`dá` mgs eutgrls hatemgs oe gdre rlslofeme),
lmaâèg
cezlomg usg ml rlhursgs ml hglsèg.
(LCLKEECNZ3=ZL) Lnedgrer tlxtgs, e pertar me emepteâèg ml rgèohls, hgotgs,

(LCLKEECNZ3=ZL) Lnedgrer
àtgs, oerretaves ml loabè l ml evloture, mlotrl gutrgs, prlclrlohaen`lotl
ml eutgrls plroe`duheogs, aomaheomg es rudrahes pere herehtlrazeâèg mg
He`pg
hloårag, mg lspeâg, mg tl`pg9 lxpnahateomg e herehtlrazeâèg càsahe l
ertàstahg- Tlneâèg lotrl tlxtgs
psahgnøbahe mgs plrsgoeblos l mgs slus `gmgs ml eâèg, essa` hg`g te`dá`
natlrårag
es èrhes ml veraeâèg naobuàstahe (maenltgs, rlbastrgs l kerbüls) 9
rlhgocabureomg e aoslrâèg mg mashursg marltg l mgs tapgs ml oerremgr9
rltlxtuenazeomg g trete`lotg me tl`åtahe.
Hgosamlreâèg mes (LCLKEECNZ3<ZL) Zrgmuzar tlxtgs natlrårags, lobekeomg-sl etave`lotl ogs

hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg prghlssgs ml pneolke`lotg, tlxtuenazeâèg, rlvasèg/lmaâèg l rllshrate, tlomg
l` vaste es rlstraâüls tl`åtahes, hg`pgsahagoeas, lstanàstahes mgs tlxtgs
Lstretábaes ml lshrate; prltlomamgs l es hgocabureâüls me satueâèg ml prgmuâèg (g nlatgr prltlomamg,
pneolke`lotg, g supgrtl, g hgotlxtg ml harhuneâèg mg tlxtg, es caoenamemls, es herehtlràstahes
tlxtuenazeâèg l mgs bëolrgs lth.) l hgosamlreomg g slosg lstátahg, e aèbaoeâèg, e lstlsae l
rlvasèg/lmaâèg e vlrgssaànfeoâe prøpraes eg tlxtg natlrårag.
natlrårag.
(LCLKEECNZ33ZL) Hraer oerretaves cahhagoeas (hgotgs pgpunerls, hgotgs ml

(LCLKEECNZ33ZL)
Lstretábaes ml lshrate; susplosl, àstárag, tlrrgr, fu`gr, oerretaves ml loabè, mlotrl gutrgs) qul
tlxtuenazeâèg l utanazl` hloårags l plrsgoeblos rlenastes gu ml ceotesae, gdslrveomg gs
5 Zrgmuâèg ml He`pg rlvasèg/lmaâèg ml lnl`lotgs me lstruture oerretave prøprags eg bëolrg prltlomamg, teas hg`g
5
6 ]lxtgs ertàstahg- oerretaves cahhagoeas lorlmg, plrsgoeblos, tl`pg, lspeâg l oerremgr, utanazeomg tl`pgs vlrdeas
natlrårag emlquemgs ê oerreâèg ml cetgs pessemgs, l`prlbeomg hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl
maclrlotls `gmgs ml sl aoahaer uè fastørae l ml aoslrar gs mashursgs marltg l
aomarltg.
(LCLKEECNZ32ZL) Zergmaer
(LCLKEECNZ32ZL) Zergmaer pglès, hgotgs l cådunes hgoflhamgs me natlreture,
l` lsplhaen ml ertastes ngheas, l hraer tlxtgs l` vlrsgs (hg`g pglès
hgohrltgs, hadlr pglès,
pglès, feaheas, nares, àhrgrrgtlargs, ne`dl-ne`dls l gutrgs
tapgs ml pglès), lxpngreomg g usg ml rlhursgs sgogrgs (raès, enatlreâüls,
essgoäohaes lth.) l sl`äotahgs (hg`g cabures ml naobuebl` l kgbgs ml
penevres) l vasueas (hg`g rlneâüls lotrl aèbl` l tlxtg vlrden l mastraduaâèg
me èohfe bråcahe), ml cgrè e prgpahaer maclrlotls lclatgs ml slotamg, pgr
`lag ml tl`åtahes hgotlxtuenazemes.
(LCLKEECNZ36ZL) Zneolker l prgmuzar, pere ]S, råmag gu e`dalotl mabaten,

(LCLKEECNZ36ZL)
pgmhests ogtahagsgs l ml gpaoaèg, hg`lotårags, vngbs, kgroeas remagcýoahgs l
tlnlvasavgs, mlotrl gutrgs, hg`g te`dá` tlxtgs greas ml eprlhaeâèg l gpaoaèg
(mlsngheomg-sl ml tlxtgs èas aocgrètavgs pere gs èas gpaoetavgs), rlnetavgs
e cetg l tlès ml aotlrlssl plssgen, nghen gu bngden, graloteomg-sl
g raloteomg-sl pgr rgtlarg
Lstretábaes ml gu tlxtg l hgosamlreomg g hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg (aotlrnghutgrls prltlomamgs,
prgmuâèg; g bëolrg, g supgrtl, gs gdkltavgs hgùoahetavgs) l es herehtlràstahes
pneolke`lotg l hg`pgsahagoeas mgs bëolrgs.
prgmuâèg ml tlxtgs
kgroenàstahgs greas (LCLKEECNZ31ZL) Amlotacaher l eoenaser pgsahagoe`lotgs mlclomamgs l
(LCLKEECNZ31ZL)
rlcutemgs oe lshute ml aotlreâüls pgnëàhes l` ètlraeas prlvae`lotl
brevemgs (lotrlvastes, mashussüls l mldetls, lotrl gutrgs), l sl pgsahagoer
5
5 Grenameml He`pg crlotl e lnls, hg` erbu`lotgs emlquemgs, rlsplateomg e
1
kgroenàstahg/ gpaoaèg/pgsahagoe`lotg hgotrårag, cevgrlhlomg uè pgsture ml`ghråtahe,
@amaåtahg rlsanalotl l átahe.
(LCLKEECNZ2:ZL)
(LCLKEECNZ2:ZL)
rlvasèg, lmaâèg, rllshrate/
Mlslovgnvlr lstretábaes
rlmlsabo (lssls ml
trëspneolke`lotg,
ûnta`gs queomglnedgreâèg,
oèg cgr
Lstretábaes ml
satueâèg eg vavg) l evenaeâèg ml tlxtgs greas, åumag l/gu vàmlg, hgosamlreomg
prgmuâèg;
sue emlqueâèg egs hgotlxtgs l` qul cgre` prgmuzamgs, ê cgrè
pneolke`lotg,
hg`pgsahagoen l lstang ml bëolrgs, e hnerlze, e prgbrlssèg tl`åtahe l e
lnedgreâèg, rlvasèg l
veralmeml naobuàstahe l`prlbeme, gs lnl`lotgs rlnehagoemgs ê cene
lmaâèg ml tlxtgs
(`gmuneâèg ml vgz, lotgoeâèg, rat`g, enture l aotlosameml, rlspareâèg lth.),
kgroenàstahgs greas
gs lnl`lotgs haoásahgs (pgsture hgrpgren, `gva`lotgs l blstuenameml
saboacahetave, lxprlssèg cehaen, hgotetg ml gnfg hg` pnetlae lth.).
(LCLKEECZ25ZL) Lobeker-sl l hgotraduar hg` e dushe ml sgnuâüls rlnetaves e

(LCLKEECZ25ZL) Lobeker-sl
prgdnlès, tlès gu qulstüls pgnëàhes ml aotlrlssl me turè l/gu ml
rlnlväohae sghaen, prlclrlohaen`lotl qulstüls/prgdnlès prøxa`gs ê
rlenameml mg lstumeotl, `gdanazeomg eaome hgoflha`lotgs mg he`pg me vame
Zertahapeâèg l`
pûdnahe (ogrès l nlas, pgr lxl`png) l ml pråtahes ml lstumg l plsquase.
mashussüls greas ml
tlès hgotrgvlrsgs ml
aotlrlssl me turè l/gu (LCLKEECNZ24ZL)
(LCLKEECNZ24ZL) Cgrùner
Cgrùner plrbuotes l lsplhacaher l` cgrè ml mldetl, hg`
ml rlnlväohae sghaen euxànag mgs hgnlbes l mgs prgclssgrls, sgdrl tlès l qulstüls pgnëàhes,
lxpnaheâüls
èas l gulerbu`lotgs
àouhagse dusher l` rlnetavgs eg gdkltg
cgotls mavlrses ml mashussèg
(aohnusavl pere me
og he`pg eoånasl
vame
pûdnahe l ml pråtahes ml lstumg l plsquase) aocgrèâüls gu memgs qul
plràte` eoenaser pertls me qulstèg l hg`pertanfå-ngs hg` e turè.
5 Grenameml He`pg
4
: kgroenàstahg/ (LCLKEECNZ28ZL) Zneolker hgnltave`lotl e rlenazeâèg ml u` mldetl sgdrl
(LCLKEECNZ28ZL)
@amaåtahg tlè prlvae`lotl mlcaoamg, ml aotlrlssl hgnltavg, hg` rlbres ehgrmemes, l
pneolker, l` brupg, e pertahapeâèg l` mldetl e pertar mg nlveote`lotg ml
aocgrèâüls l erbu`lotgs qul pgsse` sustloter g pgsahagoe`lotg e slr
mlclomamg, tlomg l` vaste es hgomaâüls ml prgmuâèg (aotlrnghutgrls
Lstretábaes ml
prltlomamgs, gdkltavgs hgùoahetavgs l herehtlràstahes hg`pgsahagoeas mg
prgmuâèg;
bëolrg).
pneolke`lotg l
pertahapeâèg l`
(LCLKEECNZ2=ZL) Zertahaper
(LCLKEECNZ2=ZL) Zertahaper ml mldetls rlbremgs, oe hgomaâèg ml
m l `l`drg ml
mldetls rlbremgs
uè lquapl ml mldetlmgr, eprlslotemgr/`lmae
eprlslotemgr/`lmaemgr,
mgr, lsplhtemgr (hg` gu sl`
marlatg e plrbuotes), l/gu ml kuaz/evenaemgr, hg`g cgrè ml hg`prllomlr g
cuohagoe`lotg mg mldetl, l pgmlr pertahaper ml cgrè hgovaohlotl, átahe l
hràtahe l mlslovgnvlr uè etatuml ml rlsplatg l maångbg pere hg` es amlaes
mavlrblotls.
(LCLKEECNZ2<ZL) Zneolker, rlenazer l lmater, l` åumag gu vàmlg, lotrlvastes

(LCLKEECNZ2<ZL) Zneolker,
He`pg greas hg` plssges nabemes eg cetg ogtahaemg, lsplhaenastes lth., hg`g cgrè ml
Lstretábaes ml
kgroenàstahg/ gdtlr memgs l aocgrèâüls sgdrl gs cetgs hgdlrtgs gu tl`åtahes l` lstumg,
prgmuâèg;
@amaåtahg nlveomg l` hgote g bëolrg l slu hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg, pertaomg mg
pneolke`lotg,
nlveote`lotg ml aocgrèâüls sgdrl g lotrlvastemg l sgdrl e tl`åtahe l me
rlenazeâèg l lmaâèg ml
lnedgreâèg ml u` rgtlarg ml plrbuotes, bereotaomg e rlnlväohae mes
lotrlvastes greas
aocgrèâüls èotames l e hgotaouameml tl`åtahe, pudnahazeomg e lotrlvaste
asgneme`lotl gu hg`g pertl
p ertl aotlbreotl ml rlpgrtebl` ùntaàmaåtahe.
(LCLKEECNZ23ZL) Mashutar hesgs, rleas gu saùnemgs, sud`ltamgs e kuàzg, qul

(LCLKEECNZ23ZL) Mashutar
lovgnve` (supgstgs) mlsrlsplatgs e ertabgs mg LHE, Lstetutg mg Amgsg, mg
5 Grenameml Hømabg ml Mlclse mg Hgosuàmgr, mg Hømabg Oehagoen ml ]räosatg, ml
4
5 Mashussèg gren rlbune`loteâüls mg `lrhemg pudnahatårag lth., hg`g cgrè ml hraer
ceànaerameml hg` tlxtgs nlbeas ‘
‘ slu vghedunårag, cgrès ml grbeoazeâèg,
èrhes ml lstang lth. -, ml èolare e cehanater e hg`prllosèg ml nlas,
cgrtenlhlomg e mlclse ml marlatgs l g hu`pra`lotg ml mlvlrls.
He`pg me vame
pûdnahe
(LCLKEECNZ22ZL) Tlbastrer, e pertar ml ètlraeas brevemgs gu mureotl es
(LCLKEECNZ22ZL)
aotlreâüls l` eune, etloteomg pere penevres-hfevl l/gu amlaes praohapeas, l`
mashussüls, mldetls, penlstres, eprlsloteâèg ml prgpgstes, rluoaüls, hg`g
Tltlxtuenazeâèg/
cgrè ml mghu`loter g lvlotg l epgaer e prøprae cene (qul pgml sl mer og
Tlbastrg
`g`lotg mg lvlotg gu pgstlragr`lotl, queomg, pgr lxl`png, cgr olhlssårae
e rltgème mgs essuotgs tretemgs l` gutrgs
g utrgs hgotlxtgs pûdnahgs, hg`g maeotl
mgs rlprlslotemgs).
(LCLKEECNZ26ZL) Grbeoazer gs memgs l aocgrèâüls plsquasemgs l` peaoáas

(LCLKEECNZ26ZL) Grbeoazer
gu snamls ml eprlsloteâèg, nlveomg l` hgote g hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg, g
Lstretábaes ml
tl`pg maspgoàvln, es herehtlràstahes mg bëolrg eprlsloteâèg gren, e
prgmuâèg;
ùntasslàgsl, es `àmaes l tlhogngbaes qul slrèg utanazemes, loseaer e
pneolke`lotg l
eprlsloteâèg, hgosamlreomg te`dá` lnl`lotgs perenaobuàstahgs l haoásahgs
prgmuâèg ml
l prghlmlr ê lxpgsaâèg gren ml rlsuntemgs ml lstumgs l plsquases, og tl`pg
eprlsloteâüls greas
mltlràoemg, e pertar mg pneolke`lotg l me mlcaoaâèg ml maclrlotls cgrès
ml usg me cene ‘
cene ‘ `l`grazeme,
`l`grazeme, hg` epgag me nlature gu cene lspgotäole.
(LCLKEECNZ21ZL) Mlcaoar g rlhgrtl tl`åtahg me lotrlvaste l mg lotrlvastemg

(LCLKEECNZ21ZL) Mlcaoar
l nlveoter fapøtlsls sgdrl g lotrlvastemg l sgdrl g tlè me lotrlvaste ( hg`
g gdkltavg ml uså-ne hg`g aostru`lotg pere hgnlter memgs og aotlragr ml uè
He`pg mes Lstretábaes ml
plsquase), lnedgrer rgtlarg ml plrbuotes, rlenazer lotrlvaste, e pertar mg
5 Grenameml pråtahes ml prgmuâèg; rlenazeâèg ml
4 rgtlarg, edraomg pgssadanamemls pere cezlr ogves plrbuotes e pertar me
4 lstumg l lotrlvaste
rlspgste, sl g hgotlxtg plràtar, tgèr ogte, brever gu senver e lotrlvaste l
plsquase
user emlqueme`lotl es aocgrèâüls gdtames, ml ehgrmg hg` gs gdkltavgs
lstedlnlhamgs.
(LCLKEECNZ6:ZL) Tlsplater gs turogs ml cene, oe pertahapeâèg l`

(LCLKEECNZ6:ZL)
Hgovlrseâèg hgovlrseâüls l l` mashussüls gu etavamemls hgnltaves l cgrùner plrbuotes
lspgotäole hglrlotls l emlquemes l` `g`lotgs gpgrtuogs l` satueâüls ml eunes,
eprlsloteâèg gren, slàoårag lth.
(LCLKEECNZ65ZL) ]gèr
(LCLKEECNZ65ZL) ]gèr ogte ml eunes, eprlsloteâüls greas, lotrlvastes (eg
Zrghlma`lotgs ml epgag
vavg, åumag, ]S, vàmlg), pgmhests, rluoaüls, lotrl gutrgs, amlotacaheomg l
ê hg`prllosèg9
hg`prllosèg9
falrerquazeomg es aocgrèâüls praohapeas, tlomg l` vaste epgaer g lstumg l e
]gème ml ogte
prgmuâèg ml sàotlsls l rlcnlxüls plssgeas gu gutrgs gdkltavgs l` qulstèg.
(LCLKEECNZ64ZL) Nlr l` vgz ente tlxtgs natlrårags mavlrsgs hg`pertanfemgs gu

(LCLKEECNZ64ZL) Nlr
He`pg Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs oèg hg` g prgclssgr, lxprlsseomg e hg`prllosèg l aotlrprlteâèg mg tlxtg
ertàstahg- greas9 pgr `lag ml uè nlature gu cene lxprlssave l cnulotl, qul rlsplatl g rat`g, es
natlrårag Grenazeâèg peuses, es flsateâüls, e lotgoeâèg aomahemgs teotg plne pgotueâèg queotg
pgr gutrgs rlhursgs bråcahg-lmatgraeas (olbratgs, atånahgs, heaxe-ente, anustreâüls
lth.).
(LCLKEECNZ68ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l eoenaser, e pertar me hg`pereâèg lotrl tlxtgs

mg `ls`g bëolrg, es cgrès ml hg`pgsaâèg mgs bëolrgs kgroenàstahgs me
grml` mg rlneter, teas hg`g ogtàhaes (paräàml aovlrtame og a`prlssg V dnghgs
Hgostruâèg ogtahagsgs faplrtlxtueas l faplràmaåtahgs og mabaten, vàmlgs, breveâüls ml
hg`pgsahagoen åumag lth.), me grml` mg erbu`loter, teas hg`g ertabgs ml gpaoaèg l lmatgraen
5 (hgotlxtuenazeâèg, mlclse ml tlsl/gpaoaèg l usg ml erbu`lotgs) rlnehagoeomg
4
8 e hgostruâèg hg`pgsahagoen eg gdkltavg hgùoahetavg, egs aotlrnghutgrls
prltlomamgs, egs `lags ml harhuneâèg.
Eoånasl He`pg
naobuàstahe/ kgroenàstahg/
Xlàøtahe @amaåtahg (LCLKEECNZ6=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr
(LCLKEECNZ6=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l eoenaser gs rlhursgs lstanàstahgs l slàøtahgs
Tlhursgs lstanàstahgs l mgs bëolrgs kgroenàstahgs l pudnahatårags, gs esplhtgs rlnetavgs eg trete`lotg
slàøtahgs me aocgrèâèg, hg`g e grmloeâèg mgs lvlotgs, es lshgnfes nlxaheas, g lclatg
ml a`perhaenameml mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEECNZ6<ZL) Amlotacaher e `grcgngbae mg vlrdg, l` tlxtgs ogtahagsgs l

(LCLKEECNZ6<ZL) Amlotacaher
(LCLKEECNZ6<ZL) Amlotacaher e `grcgngbae mg vlrdg, l` tlxtgs ogtahagsgs l
erbu`lotetavgs, rlhgoflhlomg èrhes ml plssge, oû`lrg, tl`pg, `gmg, e
@grcgngbae vlrden l`
mastraduaâèg mgs vlrdgs ogs bëolrgs tlxtueas (pgr lxl`png, es cgrès ml
tlxtgs kgroenàstahgs
prlslotl l cuturg l ml vlrdgs etatumaoeas ‘
‘ ehfg, plosg, ehrlmatg ‘
‘ l`
bëolrgs erbu`lotetavgs9 es cgrès ml a`plretavg l` bëolrgs pudnahatårags).
(LCLKEECNZ63ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l eoenaser g usg ml rlhursgs plrsuesavgs l`

tlxtgs erbu`lotetavgs mavlrsgs (hg`g e lnedgreâèg mg tàtung, lshgnfes
nlxaheas, hgostruâüls `ltecørahes, e lxpnahateâèg gu e ghunteâèg ml cgotls ml
Tlhursgs plrsuesavgs
aocgrèâèg) l es lstretábaes ml plrsuesèg l eplng eg hgosu`g hg` gs
rlhursgs naobuàstahg-mashursavgs utanazemgs (tl`pg vlrden, kgbgs ml penevres,
`ltåcgres, aèblos).
(LCLKEECNZ62ZL) L`prlber, oe lshrate/rllshrate ml tlxtgs erbu`lotetavgs,

(LCLKEECNZ62ZL) L`prlber,
rlhursgs naobuàstahgs qul èrqul` es rlneâüls ml slotamg lotrl peråbrecgs l
louohaemgs mg tlxtg l gplremgrls ml hgolxèg emlquemgs egs tapgs ml
erbu`lotg l ê cgrè ml hg`pgsaâèg ml tlxtgs erbu`lotetavgs, ml èolare e
bereotar e hglsèg, e hglrëohae l e prgbrlssèg tl`åtahe olssls tlxtgs
Lclatg ml slotamg („pra`lare`lotl, ès, og loteotg, l` pra`larg/slbuomg/tlrhlarg nuber,
5 Eoånasl He`pg caoen`lotl, l` hgohnusèg‐ lth.).
lth.).
4
= naobuàstahe/ kgroenàstahg/
Xlàøtahe @amaåtahg (LCLKEECNZ66ZL) Eoenaser,
(LCLKEECNZ66ZL) Eoenaser, l` bëolrgs greas qul lovgnve` erbu`loteâèg, gs
lclatgs ml slotamg ml lnl`lotgs tàpahgs me `gmenameml ceneme, hg`g e peuse,
e lotgoeâèg, g rat`g, e blstuenameml l lxprlssèg cehaen, es flsateâüls lth.
(LCLKEECNZ61ZL) Tlhgoflhlr e cgrè hg`pgsahagoen ml tlxtgs plrtlohlotls

e bëolrgs me lsclre pgnàtahe, teas hg`g prgpgstes/prgbreès pgnàtahgs
Eoånasl ml tlxtgs (pgsahagoe`lotg queotg e maclrlotls eâüls e slrl` prgpgstes, gdkltavgs,
nlbeas/ eâüls prlvastes lth.), prgpebeome pgnàtahe (prgpgstes l sue sustloteâèg,
ogrètavgs, pgsahagoe`lotg queotg e tlès l` mashussèg) l e bëolrgs ogrètavgs/
prgpgsatavgs l kuràmahgs, teas hg`g hertes ml rlhneèâèg, pltaâèg (prgpgste, sues
rlavaomahetørags kustacahetaves l eâüls e slrl` emgtemes) , l eaome sues èrhes naobuàstahes,
naobuàstahes, ml
cgrè e aohrl`loter e hg`prllosèg ml tlxtgs plrtlohlotls e lssls bëolrgs
l e pgssadanater e prgmuâèg ml tlxtgs èas emlquemgs l/gu cuome`lotemgs.
(LCLKEECNZ1:ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l eoenaser, l` tlxtgs erbu`lotetavgs l

(LCLKEECNZ1:ZL)
prgpgsatavgs, gs `gva`lotgs erbu`lotetavgs ml sustloteâèg, rlcuteâèg l
olbghaeâèg l gs tapgs ml erbu`lotgs (lou`lreâèg, heuse/hgoslquëohae,
hg`pereâèg, memgs lstetàstahgs, hateâèg, hgotre-erbu`lotg lth.),
hg`prllomlomg g pepln l evenaeomg e cgrâe/tapg mgs erbu`lotgs utanazemgs.
utanazemgs.
(LCLKEECNZ15ZL) \tanazer, ogs mldetls, gplremgrls erbu`lotetavgs qul
(LCLKEECNZ15ZL)
Lstang èrhe` e mlclse ml amlae l ml maångbg hg` e tlsl mg gutrg; hgohgrmg,
Gplremgrls mashgrmg, hgohgrmg perhaen`lotl, mg `lu pgotg ml vaste, oe plrsplhtave equa
Erbu`lotetavgs essuàme lth., ená` ml lxprlssüls/èrhemgrls qul essaoenl` aotrgmuâèg,
ehrásha`g, hgohnusèg, hgotrepgsaâèg, lxpnaheâèg.
lxpnaheâèg.
(LCLKEECNZ14ZL) Gdslrver
(LCLKEECNZ14ZL) Gdslrver gs `lheoas`gs ml `gmenazeâèg emlquemgs egs
tlxtgs kuràmahgs, es `gmenamemls mlýotahes, qul sl rlclrl` eg laxg me hgomute
Eoånasl He`pg (gdrabetgralmeml/plràssadanameml) hg`g, pgr lxl`png, Zrgadaâèg; „Oèg sl
5 naobuàstahe/ kgroenàstahg/ mlvl cuèr l` rlhaotgs clhfemgs.‐9 Gdrabetgralmeml; „E vame tl` qul venlr e
4
< Xlàøtahe @amaåtahg ploe.‐9 Zgssadanameml; „Á plràtame e lotreme ml `logrls ehg`peofemgs ml
emuntgs rlspgosåvlas‐, l gs `lheoas`gs ml `gmenazeâèg emlquemgs egs
tlxtgs pgnàtahgs l prgpgsatavgs, es `gmenamemls eprlhaetaves, l` qul g nghutgr
lxpra`l u` kuàzg ml vengr (pgsatavg gu olbetavg) ehlrhe mg qul louohae. Zgr
@gmenazeâèg
lxl`png; „Uul dlng mashursg!‐, „Mashgrmg mes lshgnfes ml Eotýoag.‐
„Clnaz`lotl, g durehg eaome oèg heusgu ehamlotls èas brevls‐,
hgosamlreomg g he`pg ml etueâèg, e caoenameml hgùoahetave l g lspeâg ml
aotlreâèg.
(LCLKEECNZ18ZL) Eoenaser e `gmenazeâèg rlenazeme l` tlxtgs ogtahagsgs l
(LCLKEECNZ18ZL)
erbu`lotetavgs, pgr `lag mes `gmenamemls eprlhaetaves, vaedanazemes pgr
hnessls l lstrutures breètaheas hg`g emkltavgs, nghuâüls emkltaves,
emvárdags, nghuâüls emvlrdaeas, greâüls emkltaves l emvlrdaeas, greâüls
rlnetaves rlstrataves l lxpnahetaves lth., ml èolare e plrhldlr e eprlhaeâèg
amlgnøbahe sgdrl gs cetgs ogtahaemgs gu es pgsaâüls a`pnàhates gu essuàmes.
essuàmes.
(LCLKEECNZ1=ZL) \ser emlqueme`lotl clrre`lotes ml epgag e

(LCLKEECNZ1=ZL)
eprlsloteâüls greas, lshgnflomg l l`prlbeomg tapgs l teèofgs ml cgotls
qul plràte` dge vasuenazeâèg, tgpahenazeomg l/gu grbeoazeomg g hgotlûmg
l` atlos, aoslraomg emlqueme`lotl aèblos, bråcahgs, tedlnes, cgrès l
lnl`lotgs bråcahgs, ma`losagoeomg e queotameml ml tlxtg l aèbl` pgr
snaml, utanazeomg prgbrlssave`lotl l ml cgrè fer`ýoahe rlhursgs èas
sgcastahemgs hg`g lclatgs ml treosaâèg, snamls `lstrls, neyguts plrsgoenazemgs
lth.
Tlhursgs naobuàstahgs
slàøtahgs qul gplre` l (LCLKEECNZ1<ZL)
(LCLKEECNZ1<ZL) Eoenaser, l` breveâüls ml slàoårags, hgoclrëohaes
råpames, trlhfgs ml penlstres, mlotrl gutrgs, e hgostruâèg hg`pgsahagoen mgs
Eoånasl oes eprlsloteâüls greas bëolrgs ml eprlsloteâèg ‘ ‘ edlrture/seumeâèg, aotrgmuâèg eg tlè,
He`pg mes
naobuàstahe/ pråtahes ml eprlsloteâèg mg pneog ml lxpgsaâèg, mlslovgnva`lotg mgs hgotlûmgs, pgr
5 Xlàøtahe lstumg l `lag mg lohemle`lotg ml tlès l sudtlès (hglsèg tl`åtahe), sàotlsl caoen
4
3
plsquase l/gu hgohnusèg, lohlrre`lotg ‘, ‘, l gs lnl`lotgs perenaobuàstahgs (tg` l
vgnu`l me vgz, peuses l flsateâüls, `gmuneâèg ml vgz l lotgoeâèg, rat`g,
rlspareâèg lth.) l haoásahgs (pgsture hgrpgren, `gva`lotgs l blstuenameml
saboacahetave, lxprlssèg cehaen, hgotetg ml gnfg hg` pnetlae, `gmuneâèg ml vgz
l lotgoeâèg, saohrgoae me cene hg` clrre`lote ml epgag lth.), pere `lnfgr
plrcgrèr eprlsloteâüls greas og he`pg me mavunbeâèg mg hgoflha`lotg.
(LCLKEECNZ13ZL) Amlotacaher l utanazer gs `gmgs ml aotrgmuâèg ml gutres

(LCLKEECNZ13ZL)
vgzls og tlxtg ‘
‘ hateâèg natlren l sue cgrèteâèg l peråcresl ‘,
‘, es pastes
naobuàstahes rlspgosåvlas pgr aotrgmuzar og tlxtg e pgsaâèg mg eutgr l mgs
@erhes naobuàstahes gutrgs eutgrls hatemgs („Xlbuomg V9 Ml ehgrmg hg` Q9
hg` Q9 Ml àofe/ogsse pertl,
Aotlrtlxtuenameml plosg/e`gs qul‐...) l gs lnl`lotgs ml ogrètazeâèg (teas hg`g es rlbres ml
aohnusèg l cgrèteâèg ml hateâüls l peråcresls, ml grbeoazeâèg ml rlclrëohaes
dadnagbråcahes) l` tlxtgs lhalotàcahgs,

hg`g e aotlrtlxtuenameml mlslovgnvlomg
e rltlxtuenazeâèg ghgrrl`rlcnlxèg sgdrl g `gmg
olssls tlxtgs.
tlxtgs.
(LCLKEECNZ12ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l utanazer gs hratárags ml grbeoazeâèg tøpahe (mg
blren pere g lsplhàcahg, mg lsplhàcahg pere g blren lth.), es èrhes naobuàstahes
]lxtuenazeâèg mlsse grbeoazeâèg (èrhemgrls ml grmloeâèg l lou`lreâèg, ml lxpnaheâèg,
Zrgbrlssèg tl`åtahe mlcaoaâèg l lxl`pnacaheâèg, pgr lxl`png) l gs `lheoas`gs ml peråcresl, ml
èolare e grbeoazer èas emlqueme`lotl e hglsèg l e prgbrlssèg tl`åtahe
ml slus tlxtgs.
He`pg mes (LCLKEECNZ16ZL) Eoenaser e hgostruâèg hg`pgsahagoen mgs tlxtgs

(LCLKEECNZ16ZL)
pråtahes ml plrtlohlotls e bëolrgs rlnehagoemgs ê mavunbeâèg ml hgoflha`lotgs; tàtung,
lstumg l Hgostruâèg (gnfg), aotrgmuâèg, mavasèg mg tlxtg l` sudtàtungs, aèblos anustretaves ml
plsquase hg`pgsahagoen l lstang hgohlatgs, rlneâüls, gu rlsuntemgs hg`pnlxgs (cgtgs, anustreâüls, lsqulès,
Eoånasl ml bëolrgs ml bråcahgs, aocgbråcahgs, maebreès,
maebreès, cabures, tedlnes,
tedlnes, èpes) lth., lxpgsaâèg,
naobuàstahe/ mavunbeâèg halotàcahe hgotlomg mlcaoaâüls, mlshraâüls, hg`pereâüls, lou`lreâüls,
5 Xlàøtahe lxl`pnacaheâüls l rlàssüls e hgohlatgs l rlneâüls pgr `lag ml ogtes ml
4
2 @erhes naobuàstahes rgmepá, dgxls gu naois9 gu tàtung, hgotlxtuenazeâèg mg he`pg, grmloeâèg
Aotlrtlxtuenameml tl`pgren gu tl`åtahe pgr tlè gu sudtlè, aotlrheneâèg ml trlhfgs vlrdeas
hg` cgtgs, anustreâüls, åumags, vàmlgs lth., hg`g cgrè ml hgotraduar pere e
hgostruâèg lcltave ml slotamg.
(LCLKEECNZ11ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l l`prlber `lheoas`gs ml prgbrlssèg
(LCLKEECNZ11ZL)
tl`åtahe, teas hg`g rltgèmes eoecørahes („qul, hukg, goml‐, prgog`ls mg
hesg rltg l gdnàqugs, prgog`ls ml`gostretavgs, og`ls hgrrlclrlotls lth.),
He`pg mes ]lxtuenazeâèg
hetåcgres (rl`ltlomg pere emaeotl eg aovás ml rltgèr g kå matg), usg ml
pråtahes ml Zrgbrlssèg tl`åtahe
grbeoazemgrls tlxtueas, ml hglsavgs lth., eoenaseomg gs `lheoas`gs ml
lstumg l
rlcgrùneâèg l peråcresl utanazemgs ogs tlxtgs ml mavunbeâèg mg
plsquase
hgoflha`lotg.
hgoflha`lotg.
(LCLKEECNZ5::ZL) Hgoflhlr
(LCLKEECNZ5::ZL) Hgoflhlr e lstruture ml faplrtlxtg l faplrnaois l` tlxtgs
]lxtuenazeâèg ml mavunbeâèg halotàcahe qul harhune` oe Rld, hg`prllomlomg e cuoâèg
mlsses.
mlsses.
(LCLKEECNZ5:5ZL) Eoenaser gs lclatgs ml slotamg mlhgrrlotls me aotlreâèg

(LCLKEECNZ5:5ZL) Eoenaser
lotrl gs lnl`lotgs naobuàstahgs l gs rlhursgs perenaobuàstahgs l haoásahgs,
teotg l` bëolrgs l` prgse queotg ogs bëolrgs pgátahgs, ená` mgs lclatgs ml
slotamg mlhgrrlotls mg l`prlbg ml cabures ml naobuebl`, teas hg`g
Tlhursgs naobuàstahgs l
He`pg hg`pereâèg, `ltåcgre, plrsgoacaheâèg, `ltgoààe, fapárdgnl, luclàs`g,
slàøtahgs qul gplre`
ertàstahg- argoae, peremgxg l eotàtlsl l gs lclatgs ml slotamg mlhgrrlotls mg l`prlbg
ogs tlxtgs plrtlohlotls
natlrårag ml penevres l lxprlssüls mlogtetaves l hgogtetaves (emkltavgs, nghuâüls
egs bëolrgs natlrårags
emkltaves, greâüls sudgrmaoemes emkltaves lth.), qul cuohagoe` hg`g
`gmacahemgrls, plrhldlomg sue cuoâèg oe herehtlrazeâèg mgs lspeâgs,
tl`pgs, plrsgoeblos l eâüls prøprags ml heme bëolrg oerretavg a`prlssg l
mabaten (lståtahg l/gu maoäàhg).
Eoånasl (LCLKEECNZ5:4ZL) Tlhgoflhlr
(LCLKEECNZ5:4ZL) Tlhgoflhlr es veralmemls me nàobue ceneme, g hgohlatg ml
naobuàstahe/ ogrè-pemrèg l g ml prlhgohlatg naobuàstahg, vengrazeomg e hunture e quen
5 Xlàøtahe plrtlohl l/gu rlprlslote.
rlprlslote.
4 Seraeâèg naobuàstahe
6 (LCLKEECNZ5:8ZL) Cezlr usg hgoshalotl l rlcnlxavg ml rlbres me ogrè-
(LCLKEECNZ5:8ZL)
pemrèg l` bëolrgs greas l lshratgs emlquemgs e mltlràoemes satueâüls
hgùoahetaves.
hgùoahetaves.
]gmgs gs (LCLKEECNZ5:=ZL) Lshrlvlr
(LCLKEECNZ5:=ZL) Lshrlvlr penevres ml ehgrmg hg` es ogrès grtgbråcahes
Cgog-grtgbrecae
he`pgs ml l` satueâüls ml usg.
usg.
etueâèg (LCLKEECNZ5:<ZL) Zgotuer
(LCLKEECNZ5:<ZL) Zgotuer tlxtgs emlqueme`lotl, hgosamlreomg gs lclatgs
Lnl`lotgs ogtehagoeas
ml slotamg prltlomamgs, e aotlohagoenameml mashursave l e rlneâèg lotrl es
me lshrate
pertls mg tlxtg.
(LCLKEECNZ5:3ZL) Amlotacaher l eoenaser maclrloâes ml slotamg lotrl penevres
ml uè sáral saogoààhe, epnahemes l` maclrlotls l` hgotlxtgs.
(LCLKEECNZ5:2ZL) Mastaobuar penevres mlravemes pgr ehrásha`g ml ecaxgs l
(LCLKEECNZ5:2ZL)
Náxahg/`grcgngbae
penevres hg`pgstes.
hg`pgstes.
(LCLKEECNZ5:6ZL) Cgrèr, hg` desl l` penevres praàtaves, penevres
(LCLKEECNZ5:6ZL)
mlravemes hg` gs prlcaxgs l sucaxgs
s ucaxgs èas prgmutavgs og pgrtubuës, essghaemes
ês pråtahes ml nlature, prgmuâèg l/gu grenameml, mlsteheomg equlnes hg`

èagr aohamëohae oe nàobue gu hg` èas rlhgrrëohae
r lhgrrëohae oe rlbaèg l hgosamlreomg
gs lclatgs ml slotamg lstedlnlhamgs ogs prghlssgs ml cgrèâèg mes penevres.
penevres.
(LCLKEECNZ5:1ZL) Tlhgoflhlr es rlneâüls ml eotgoààe l l`prlber
(LCLKEECNZ5:1ZL)
emlqueme`lotl prlcaxgs qul lxprlsse` ogâèg ml olbeâèg.
olbeâèg.
(LCLKEECNZ55:ZL) Tlhgoflhlr e cuoâèg mashursave l es cnlxüls ml
(LCLKEECNZ55:ZL)
sudsteotavgs, emkltavgs l ml vlrdgs ogs `gmgs Aomahetavg, Xudkuotavg l
A`plretavg (ecarètavg l olbetavg), l` slquëohaes aokuotaves, mlshrataves l
oerretaves.
oerretaves.
(LCLKEECNZ555ZL) Amlotacaher gs lclatgs ml slotamg mgs `gmgs vlrdeas,
(LCLKEECNZ555ZL)
hgosamlreomg g bëolrg tlxtuen l e aotloâèg hgùoahetave.
hgùoahetave.
@grcgssaotexl (LCLKEECNZ554ZL) L`prlber,
(LCLKEECNZ554ZL) L`prlber, ml ehgrmg hg` e ogrè pemrèg, ogs veraemgs
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs bëolrgs lshratgs, es rlbres ml hgohgrmäohae ogàoen (rlneâüls lotrl gs
5 naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml sudsteotavgs l slus mltlràoeotls) l es rlbres ml hgohgrmäohae vlrden
4
1 Xlàøtahe etueâèg (rlneâüls lotrl g vlrdg l g suklatg sa`pnls l hg`pgstg), nlveomg l`
hgosamlreâèg te`dá` gs hesgs mgs vlrdgs a`plssgeas (greâèg sl` suklatg),
hgosamlreomg g oàvln ml cgrènameml l aocgrènameml mes satueâüls
hgùoahetaves.
hgùoahetaves.
(LCLKEECNZ558ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs, plràgmgs hg`pgstgs pgr greâüls
(LCLKEECNZ558ZL)
slperemes pgr vàrbune sl` e utanazeâèg ml hgolhtavgs, og`leomg-gs hg`g
plràgmgs hg`pgstgs pgr hggrmloeâèg, plrhldlomg gs lclatgs mashursavgs.
(LCLKEECNZ55=ZL) Amlotacaher,
(LCLKEECNZ55=ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtg gu slquëohae tlxtuen, greâüls hg`g
uoamemls hgostatuàmes l` tgrog ml u` oûhnlg vlrden l plràgmgs hg`g
hgokuotg ml greâüls hgolhtemes, eoenaseomg e cuoâèg mashursave mlsses
hgostruâüls.
hgostruâüls.
(LCLKEECNZ55<ZL) Eoenaser, l` tlxtg gu slquëohae tlxtuen, gs plràgmgs
(LCLKEECNZ55<ZL)
sa`pnls l hg`pgstgs, amlotacaheomg e cuoâèg mashursave mlsses hgostruâüls.
(LCLKEECNZ553ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, l` tlxtgs, g vlrdg hg`g g oûhnlg mes

(LCLKEECNZ553ZL)
greâüls.
greâüls.
(LCLKEECNZ552ZL) Amlotacaher l maclrlohaer, l` greâüls l tlxtgs, vlrdgs ml
prlmaheâèg hg`pnlte l aohg`pnlte; aotreosatavgs l treosatavgs, rlhgoflhlomg
g lclatg ml slotamg prgmuzamg.
prgmuzamg.
(LCLKEECNZ556ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l l`prlber es rlbres dåsahes ml hgohgrmäohae
ogàoen l vlrden l` satueâüls hgùoahetaves l oe prgmuâèg ml tlxtgs.
tlxtgs.
(LCLKEECNZ551ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, e lstruture dåsahe me
(LCLKEECNZ551ZL)
greâèg; suklatg,
quldre mlssl prlmahemg,
pemrèg, hg`pnl`lotg
hgosamlreomg (gdkltgs marltg
es aotlohagoenamemls mg leutgr
aomarltg) gu e
oe lshgnfe
ml uè gu gutre lstruture l rlcnltaomg sgdrl g pepln me grbeoazeâèg saotåtahe
oe tlxtuenazeâèg l e oe prgmuâèg ml slotamg.
5 Eoånasl ]gmgs gs (LCLKEECNZ54:ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, emkltavgs qul e`pnae` g
(LCLKEECNZ54:ZL) Amlotacaher,
8
: naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml @grcgssaotexl slotamg mg sudsteotavg mg oûhnlg mg suklatg gu mg hg`pnl`lotg vlrden,
Xlàøtahe etueâèg rlcnltaomg sgdrl g pepln me grbeoazeâèg saotåtahe oe tlxtuenazeâèg l e oe
prgmuâèg ml slotamg.
slotamg.
(LCLKEECNZ545ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, emvárdags l nghuâüls
(LCLKEECNZ545ZL)
emvlrdaeas qul e`pnae` g slotamg mg vlrdg oûhnlg me greâèg, eoenaseomg e
rlneâèg harhuosteohaen lxprlsse, rlcnltaomg sgdrl g pepln me lstruture
saotåtahe oe tlxtuenazeâèg l e oe prgmuâèg ml slotamg.
slotamg.
(LCLKEECNZ544ZL) \tanazer,
(LCLKEECNZ544ZL) \tanazer, eg prgmuzar tlxtg, hgoflha`lotgs naobuàstahgs l
breètaheas; `gmgs l tl`pgs vlrdeas, hgohgrmäohae ogàoen l vlrden,
pgotueâèg lth., hgosamlreomg es lsplhacahamemls l gdkltavgs hgùoahetavgs
mgs bëolrgs tlxtueas l` qulstèg.
qulstèg.
(LCLKEECNZ548ZL) Amlotacaher,
(LCLKEECNZ548ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, gs slotamgs lstedlnlhamgs
plne e sgè, gpgsaâèg gu mlmuâèg ml amlaes og plràgmg hg`pgstg,
gdslrveomg gs rlhursgs breètaheas `gdanazemgs pere teas hgostruâüls,
etloteomg praohapen`lotl pere g usg me vàrbune l mes hgokuoâüls emataves l

emvlrsetaves.
emvlrsetaves.
(LCLKEECNZ54=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr,
(LCLKEECNZ54=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, gs tlr`gs hgostatutavgs
me greâèg (suklatg l slus `gmacahemgrls, vlrdg l slus hg`pnl`lotgs l
`gmacahemgrls), rlcnltaomg sgdrl g pepln me grbeoazeâèg saotåtahe oe
tlxtuenazeâèg l e oe prgmuâèg ml slotamg ogs vårags hgotlxtgs hgùoahetavgs.
hgùoahetavgs.
(LCLKEECNZ54<ZL) Maclrlohaer,
(LCLKEECNZ54<ZL) Maclrlohaer, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, hg`pnl`lotgs marltgs l
aomarltgs ml vlrdgs treosatavgs, eprgpraeomg-sl me rlbëohae ml vlrdgs ml usg
crlqulotl, hgosamlreomg es lxabëohaes me ogrè pemrèg.
pemrèg.
(LCLKEECNZ543ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, greâüls sudgrmaoemes
(LCLKEECNZ543ZL)
hg` hgokuoâüls ml usg crlqulotl, aohgrpgreomg-es ês sues prøpraes
prgmuâüls, hg`prllomlomg, aohnusavl, g vengr sl`äotahg lstedlnlhamgs pgr
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs @grcgssaotexl lsses hgokuoâüls l ertahunemgrls.
ertahunemgrls.
5 naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml (LCLKEECNZ542ZL) Aoclrar
(LCLKEECNZ542ZL) Aoclrar lclatgs ml slotamg mlhgrrlotls mg usg ml rlhursgs
8
5 Xlàøtahe etueâèg ml hglsèg slqulohaen; hgokuoâüls l ertahunemgrls tlxtueas, hg`g te`dá` gs
mlhgrrlotls me ùnta`gmenameml ogs vårags hgotlxtgs hgùoahetavgs.
hgùoahetavgs.
(LCLKEECNZ546ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, l` tlxtgs namgs l/gu l` prgmuâüls prøpraes,
greâüls hg` e lstruture suklatg-vlrdg ml nabeâèg-prlmahetavg, rlcnltaomg
sgdrl g pepln me lstruture saotåtahe oe tlxtuenazeâèg l oe prgmuâèg ml
slotamg.
slotamg.
(LCLKEECNZ541ZL)) Maclrlohaer l l`prlber, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, g lclatg ml
(LCLKEECNZ541ZL
slotamg mg usg mgs vlrdgs ml nabeâèg „slr‐, „lster‐, „caher‐, „perlhlr‐ l
„plrèolhlr‐, hgosamlreomg sl`prl g hgotlxtg ml usg.
usg.
(LCLKEECNZ58:ZL) Hg`perer
(LCLKEECNZ58:ZL) Hg`perer g usg ml rlbëohae vlrden l rlbëohae ogàoen oe
ogrè-pemrèg hg` slu usg og pgrtubuës dresanlarg hgngquaen gren.
gren.
(LCLKEECNZ585ZL) Amlotacaher,
(LCLKEECNZ585ZL) Amlotacaher, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, e rlneâèg l gs lclatgs ml
slotamg qul hgokuoâüls (l nghuâüls hgokuotaves) hggrmloetaves l
sudgrmaoetaves lstedlnlhl` lotrl es greâüls qul hgolhte`.
hgolhte`.
(LCLKEECNZ584ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l l`prlber, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, vlrdgs oe vgz

etave l oe vgz pessave, aotlrprlteomg gs lclatgs ml slotamg ml suklatg etavg l
pessavg.
pessavg.
(LCLKEECNZ588ZL) Tlhgoflhlr gs lclatgs ml slotamg ml `gmacahemgrls
(LCLKEECNZ588ZL)
(emkuotgs emogàoeas ‘
emogàoeas ‘ ertabgs
ertabgs mlcaoamg gu aomlcaoamg, emkltavgs, lxprlssüls
emkltaves) l` sudsteotavgs hg` cuoâèg ml suklatg gu ml hg`pnl`lotg vlrden,
useomg-gs pere loraqulhlr slus prøprags tlxtgs l e slrvaâg mgs prgpøsatgs
@grcgssaotexl hgùoahetavgs.
hgùoahetavgs.
(LCLKEECNZ58=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, lclatgs ml slotamg ml
(LCLKEECNZ58=ZL)
`gmacahemgrls mg vlrdg (emkuotgs emvlrdaeas ‘ ‘ emvárdags l lxprlssüls
emvlrdaeas), useomg-gs pere loraqulhlr slus prøprags tlxtgs l e slrvaâg mgs
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs prgpøsatgs hgùoahetavgs.
hgùoahetavgs.
naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml (LCLKEECNZ58<ZL) Tlhgoflhlr,
(LCLKEECNZ58<ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, l` tlxtgs mavlrsgs, ebrupe`lotg ml greâüls
5 Xlàøtahe etueâèg l` plràgmgs, maclrlohaeomg hggrmloeâèg ml sudgrmaoeâèg l rlcnltaomg sgdrl
8
4
g pepln mlsses lstrutures saotåtahe oe tlxtuenazeâèg l e oe prgmuâèg ml
slotamg.
slotamg.
(LCLKEECNZ583ZL) Amlotacaher saotebès ogàoeas l vlrdeas hg`g
(LCLKEECNZ583ZL)
Xaotexl hgostatuaotls a`lmaetgs me greâèg l eoenaser e cuoâèg mashursave mlssls
saotebès l` maclrlotls tlxtgs lshratgs.
lshratgs.
(LCLKEECNZ582ZL) L`prlber,
(LCLKEECNZ582ZL) L`prlber, eg prgmuzar tlxtg, hgoflha`lotgs naobuàstahgs l
Lnl`lotgs ogtehagoeas
breètaheas (teas hg`g tl`pgs vlrdeas, hgohgrmäohae ogàoen l vlrden, rlbres
me
grtgbråcahes, pgotueâèg lth.), hgocgr`l es lsplhacahamemls l gdkltavgs
lshrate/`grcgssaotexl
hgùoahetavgs mgs bëolrgs tlxtueas prgpgstgs.
prgpgstgs.
(LCLKEECNZ586ZL) L`prlber, eg prgmuzar tlxtg, rlhursgs ml hglsèg
(LCLKEECNZ586ZL)
Xl`äotahe / Hglsèg rlclrlohaen (og`l l prgog`ls), rlhursgs sl`äotahgs ml saogoààe, eotgoààe
l fg`goààe l `lheoas`gs ml rlprlsloteâèg ml maclrlotls vgzls (mashursg
marltg l aomarltg), hgocgr`l es lsplhacahamemls l gdkltavgs hgùoahetavgs mgs
bëolrgs tlxtueas prgpgstgs.
prgpgstgs.
(LCLKEECNZ581ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l utanazer rlhursgs ml hglsèg rlclrlohaen;

(LCLKEECNZ581ZL)
Xl`äotahe / Hglsèg sudstatuaâüls nlxaheas (ml sudsteotavgs pgr saoýoa`gs)
s aoýoa`gs) gu prgogàoeas (usg ml
prgog`ls eoecørahgs ‘
eoecørahgs ‘ plssgeas,
plssgeas, pgsslssavgs, ml`gostretavgs), bereotaomg e
rltgème rlclrlohaen, e prgbrlssèg tl`åtahe l g pgsahagoe`lotg mg eutgr. eutgr.
(LCLKEECNZ5=:ZL) L`prlber, eg prgmuzar tlxtg, rlhursgs ml hglsèg
(LCLKEECNZ5=:ZL)
rlclrlohaen (nlxahen l prgogàoen) l slqulohaen l gutrgs rlhursgs lxprlssavgs
emlquemgs eg bëolrg tlxtuen, bereotaomg e rltgème mg rlclrlotl, e
prgbrlssèg tl`åtahe l g pgsahagoe`lotg mg eutgr. eutgr.
Hglsèg
(LCLKEECNZ5=5ZL) Lstedlnlhlr
(LCLKEECNZ5=5ZL) Lstedlnlhlr rlneâüls lotrl pertls mg tlxtg, amlotacaheomg
sudstatuaâüls nlxaheas (ml sudsteotavgs pgr saoýoa`gs)
s aoýoa`gs) gu prgogàoeas (usg ml
Eoånasl ]gmgs gs prgog`ls eoecørahgs ‘ ‘ plssgeas, pgsslssavgs, ml`gostretavgs), qul
naobuàstahe/ he`pgs ml hgotradul` pere e hgotaouameml mg tlxtg.
tlxtg.
Xlàøtahe etueâèg (LCLKEECNZ5=4ZL) Eoenaser, l` maclrlotls tlxtgs, gs lclatgs ml slotamg
(LCLKEECNZ5=4ZL)
5
8
Xlquëohaes tlxtueas mlhgrrlotls mg usg ml rlhursgs naobuàstahg-mashursavgs ml prlshraâèg,
8
heusenameml, slquëohaes mlshrataves l lxpgsataves l grmloeâèg ml lvlotgs.
lvlotgs.
(LCLKEECNZ5=8ZL) Tlhgoflhlr,
(LCLKEECNZ5=8ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, l` tlxtgs ml maclrlotls bëolrgs, gs lclatgs
ml slotamg mlhgrrlotls mg usg ml lstretábaes ml `gmenazeâèg l
erbu`lotetavameml.
erbu`lotetavameml.
@gmenazeâèg (LCLKEECNZ5==ZL) Eoenaser
(LCLKEECNZ5==ZL) Eoenaser l lxpnaher gs lclatgs ml slotamg
s lotamg mg usg, l` tlxtgs,
ml lstretábaes ml `gmenazeâèg l erbu`lotetavameml (saoeas ml pgotueâèg,
emkltavgs, sudsteotavgs, lxprlssüls ml breu, vlrdgs l plràcresls vlrdeas,
emvárdags lth.).
lth.).
(LCLKEECNZ5=<ZL) Amlotacaher l eoenaser gs lclatgs ml slotamg mg usg ml
(LCLKEECNZ5=<ZL)
cabures ml naobuebl`, hg`g hg`pereâèg, `ltåcgre, `ltgoààe,
plrsgoacaheâèg, fapárdgnl, mlotrl gutres, l` maclrlotls bëolrgs tlxtueas.
tlxtueas.
Cabures ml naobuebl`
(LCLKEECNZ5=3ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l eoenaser gs lclatgs ml slotamg mg usg ml
(LCLKEECNZ5=3ZL)
cabures ml naobuebl` hg`g argoae, luclàs`g, eotàtlsl, enatlreâèg,
essgoäohae, mlotrl gutres, ogs èas veraemgs tlxtgs l hgotlxtgs.
hgotlxtgs.
4.=.2 TLCLTËOHAEX
eprlsloteâèg Crlmlrahg me Hgste
DEIF]AO, @.@./ S. O. Sgngsfaogv. E E`äohag, @erae Lnze me Xanve. ‘
Xanve. ‘ Tlhacl;
Tlhacl; E
aotlreâèg vlrden. Ao; WWWWWW. @erxas`g Xlhrlterae, 4:51.
l cangsgcae
Nefum me naobuebl`.
l Qere naobuebl`. ]rem. 5:.
Cretlshfa Salare. @ahfln
lm. XG\XE, N.M9 HEOHLNE, N.D.9 @EHFEMG,
Xèg Zeung, Fuhatlh, 4::4.
@.H. E NLA]\TE L E NA]LTE]\TE OE LKE;
cgrèâèg ml nlatgrls. Tlvaste Àhgol-
Àhgol-
@ETH\XHFA, N. E. Zrgmuâèg tlxtuen, Tlvaste ml Mavunbeâèg Halotàcahe l`
eoånasl ml bëolrgs l hg`prllosèg
hg`prllosèg.. Xèg Nàobue Zgrtubulse, Naobuàstahe l
Zeung; Zerådgne Lmatgraen, 4::6. Natlreture. Bgaås. Sgnu`l 52. p. 52-43,
èag/4:52. Maspgoàvln l`;
ZLTOE@D\HG. Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg >fttps;//www.rlvaste.ulb.dr/aomlx.pfp
l Lspgrtls Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg;
Zlroe`duhg; /ahgol/assul/valw/855?.
/ahgol/assul/valw/855 ?. Ehlssg l`; 53
losaog cuome`loten / Xlhrlterae ml mlz. 4:4:.
Lmuheâèg l Lspgrtls, \oaèg mgs
SQBG]XIQ, Nlv X. Zlose`lotg l
Marablotls @uoahapeas ml Lmuheâèg9 naobuebl`.. Xèg Zeung; @ertaos Cgotls,
naobuebl`
hggrmloeâèg Eoe Hglnfg Salare Xlnve,
Xýoae Tlbaoe Maøblols ]loørag9 5118.
58=

58<
LM\HEÂÈG CÀXAHE
583

582
4.< LM\HEÂÈG CÀXAHE
4.<.5 LM\HEÂÈG CÀXAHE
E Lmuheâèg Càsahe pessgu pgr mavlrses treoscgrèâüls oes ûntaès máhemes, sgdrltumg
og hgotlxtg lshgner. Ml ehgrmg hg` Tgmrabuls (4:53, epum ZLTOE@D\HG, 4:56, p.
4<1),
Ogs ûnta`gs 8:-=: eogs, e pråtahe plmebøbahe me Lmuheâèg Càsahe tl` sgcramg
ùmeoâes saboacahetaves l` sues desls tlørahg-`ltgmgnøbahes, memg,
praohapen`lotl, g emvlotg mes hgotraduaâüls mes haëohaes fuèoes l sghaeas
crlotl ês hg`prllosüls l lxpnaheâüls mg, pere g l sgdrl g hgrpg fuèog l`
`gva`lotg.
]eas treoscgrèâüls blrere` eveoâgs a`pgrteotls qul cgre` rlhgoflhamgs plne Nla ml
Marltrazls l Desls me Lmuheâèg Oehagoen (Nla o» 1.81= ml 5113), qul rlbune`lotgu e
mashapnaoe hg`g hg`pgolotl hurrahuner gdrabetørag oe Lmuheâèg Dåsahe.
Loqueotg hg`pgolotl hurrahuner, e Lmuheâèg Càsahe tlètaze es pråtahes hgrpgreas l`

sues mavlrses cgrès ml hgmacaheâèg l saboacaheâèg sghaen, lotlomames hg`g
èoaclsteâüls mes pgssadanamemls lxprlssaves
lxprlssaves mgs suklatgs, prgmuzames pgr brupgs sghaeas
og mlhgrrlr me fastørae. Olsse hgohlpâèg, g `gva`lotg fuèog lstå sl`prl aoslramg
og ä`datg me hunture l oèg sl naàte e u` mlsnghe`lotg lspeâg-tl`pgren ml u`
slb`lotg hgrpgren gu ml u` hgrpg tgmg (DTEXAN, 4:52).
Xlomg essa`, e Lmuheâèg Càsahe, tlomg hg`g desl e plmebgbae fastørahg-hràtahe, edgrme
g hgohlatg e pertar me nøbahe mg ètlraenas`g fastørahg-maenátahg aoshratg og ä`datg me
hunture hgrpgren. Xlbuomg Xgerls lt en (5114, p. 34), „gs tlès me hunture hgrpgren,
tretemgs oe lshgne, lxprlsse` u` slotamg/saboacahemg goml sl aotlrploltre`,
maenltahe`lotl, e aotlohagoenameml/gdkltavgs mg fg`l` l es aotloâüls/gdkltavgs me
sghalmeml‐.
586
4.<.4 LM\HEÂÈG CÀXAHE OG LOXAOG C\OME@LO]EN L E LM\HEÂÈG ML

KGSLOX L EM\N]GX (LKE)
E Lmuheâèg Càsahe ogs eogs aoahaeas mg Losaog Cuome`loten mlvl hgosamlrer es
lxplraëohaes vavlohaemes og hgtamaeog, tlomg l` vaste es vavëohaes ml pråtahes hgrpgreas

l etavamemls nûmahes, hg`g enaemgs ogs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomazebl`, kuotg egs
gutrgs hg`pgolotls hurrahunerls, og qul maz rlsplatg ê quenacaheâèg mes årles ml
hgoflha`lotg ml naobueblos.
Gs(es) lstumeotls me Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs (LKE), qul pgssul` `ûntapnes

lxplraëohaes plssgeas l sghaeas, oe sue pråtahe plmebøbahe l ogs prghlssgs ml losaog l
eprlomazebl`, mlvl` rlhgoflhlr e lxastëohae ml oueohls huntureas l,
hgoslqulotl`lotl, e saobunerameml ml quenqulr prghlssg lshgner l sue
aotlrmlplomëohae
aotlrmlplomëohae hg` es herehtlràsta
herehtlràstahes
hes me hgùoameml nghen (DTEXAN, 4:52).
Ogs eogs caoeas, gdslrve-sl e ma`losèg mes pråtahes hgrpgreas sastlètazem
sastlètazemes
es l` heråtlr
ml lxplra`loteâèg, vavëohae, eprgpraeâèg, eprgcuome`lotg, rlssaboacaheâèg l
rlhgostruâèg, satueomg-es fastørahe l sghaen`lotl oe hunture hgrpgren l ma`losagoeomg-
es, hg`g hgoflha`lotgs, oe vame hgtamaeoe mgs(es) lstumeotls l` tlr`gs ml (e)
lxplra`loteâèg, (d) usg l eprgpraeâèg, (h) cruaâèg, (m) rlcnlxèg sgdrl e eâèg, (l)
hgostruâèg ml vengrls, (c) eoånasl, (b) hg`prllosèg l (f) prgtebgoas`g hgùoatårag
(ZLTOE@D\HG, 4:56).
Ml ehgrmg hg` e Desl Oehagoen Hgù` Hurrahuner - DOHH (DTEXAN, 4:56), e Lmuheâèg
Càsahe gclrlhl uè sáral ml pgssadanamemls pere loraqulhlr e lxplraëohae mgs kgvlos,
emuntgs l amgsgs oe Lmuheâèg Dåsahe, plràtaomg g ehlssg e u` vestg uoavlrsg hunturen.
E pertar mlsse ecarèâèg, pere qul e pråtahe plmebøbahe mg hg`pgolotl hurrahuner

Lmuheâèg Càsahe slke lcltave mlvl lster enaofeme ês lsplhacahamemls ml heme `gmenameml
ml losaog, nlveomg l` hgote g hgotlxtg og quen g(e) lstumeotl lstå aoslramg, slke ogs
eogs aoahaeas gu caoeas mg Losaog Cuome`lote
Cuome`loten,n, qul oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l Emuntgs (LKE)
lstå grbeoazemg l` @ømungs (A e SAAA).
Gs gdkltgs ml hgoflha`lotg, dl` hg`g es fedanamemls qul slrèg tredenfemes og losaog
me LKE mlvl` slr mlslovgnvamgs tlomg l` vaste e fltlrgblolameml mes turès,
581
vengrazeomg es lxplraëohaes l gs sedlrls mgs(es) lstumeotls, hgosamlreomg gs

hgoflha`lotgs právags qul sèg netlotls oe LKE l qul
qu l prgpgofe rlcnlxèg sgdrl pråtahes
aohnusaves, aotlrmashapnaoerls l aotlrblrehagoeas.
\è vlz qul es turès pgml` slr hg`pgstes pgr kgvlos, emuntgs l amgsgs, vårags cetgrls
qul lstèg essghaemgs ê rlenameml mlsse `gmenameml ml losaog mlvl` slr gdslrvemgs,
hg`g gs maclrlotls lståbags mg hgoflha`lotg l` qul sl lohgotre` gs(es) lstumeotls,
e ceaxe ltårae, g tl`pg plmebøbahg maspgoadanazemg pere es etavamemls, sgdrltumg es
etavamemls hgrpgreas, es pgssadanamemls ml pråtahe, og qul maz rlsplatg ê aocrelstruture l
eg fgrårag mes etavamemls, mlotrl gutrgs, hgotraduaomg pere u` `lnfgr
mlslovgnva`lotg mes hg`pltëohaes oe mashapnaoe ml Lmuheâèg Càsahe. Zgrteotg, oe LKE,
oèg sl mlvl eploes treter ml hgotlûmgs lsplhàcahgs mg hg`pgolotl hurrahuner, ès á
prlhasg hgosamlrer vengrls trezamgs plngs(es) lstumeotls, rlhgoflhlr e mavlrsameml
prlslotl olsse `gmenameml l prgpgrhagoer e lssl pûdnahg, ogves lxplraëohaes pere
rlssaboacaher g hgoflha`lotg.
Og qul sl rlclrl ê grbeoazeâèg mg mghu`lotg, e Lmuheâèg Càsahe loqueotg naobuebl`

hgrpgren ertahuneme ê årle ml Naobueblos lstå grbeoazeme l` slas uoamemls tl`åtahe
tl`åtahes,
s, e
sedlr; Draohemlares l Kgbgs, Lspgrtls, Baoåstahes, Meoâes, Nutes l Zråtahes hgrpgreas ml
evloture, hg`g saoenaze e Desl Oehagoen Hgù` Hurrahuner
Hurrahuner ‘
‘ DOHH
DOHH (DTEXAN, 4:56) pere
g Losaog Cuome`loten.
E uoameml tl`åtahe Draohemlares l Kgbgs

Kgbgs hg`prlloml es etavamemls rlenazemes
lspgoteole`lotl, ml èolare nûmahe, nlveomg l` hgote e rlneâèg tl`pg l lspeâg, e
hgostruâèg l e rlhraeâèg ml rlbres, lsplhaen`lotl equlne
equlness mltlràoemes hgnltave`lotl,
gdslrveomg gs esplhtgs sghaghuntureas lovgnvamgs oes èas veraemes lsclres mg
hgoflha`lotg pgpuner, aohnuaomg e ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, vengrazeomg g p
petra`ýoag
etra`ýoag
fastørahg hunturen l ebrlbeâèg sghaen mlssls pgvgs l reâes.
E uoameml tl`åtahe Lspgrtls

Lspgrtls prgpül e mashussèg mes pråtahes hgrpgreas ente`lotl
rlbune`lotemes, hunturen`lotl macuomames l herehtlrazemes plne cgrènameml ml sue
pråtahe. Oe lshgne, ená` ml vavlohaer gs lnl`lotgs qul hg`pül` lsses pråtahes, mlvl-
sl edgrmer tl`åtahes hgtamaeoes mgs(es) lstumeotls me LKE qul lovgnvl` g ùomg mg
tredenfg, hgostruâèg hunturen nghen, es rlneâüls hg` e `àmae, hgosamlreomg sues
5=:
lsplhacahamemls l rlnehagoå-nes egs sedlrls l lxplraëohaes mgs(es) lstumeotls, esplhtgs

sghaglhgoýàhgs l huntureas lovgnvamgs, lxpngreomg, mlsse cgrè, g hgotlxtg
prgcassagoen l hgùoatårag/nezlr l` qul g lspgrtl sl aoslrl. Zere e lstrutureâèg mlsse
uoameml tl`åtahe, á utanazemg u` `gmlng ml hnessacaheâèg deslemg oe nøbahe aotlroe,
tlomg hg`g rlclrëohae gs hratárags ml hggplreâèg, aotlreâèg hg` g emvlrsårag,
mlsl`plofg `gtgr l gdkltavgs tåtahgs me eâèg (DTEXAN, 4:52).
Oe uoameml tl`åtahe Baoåstahes

Baoåstahes,, sèg prgpgstes etavamemls hg` cgrès ml grbeoazeâèg l
saboacahemgs mavlrsgs, g qul nlve ê olhlssameml ml lxpnahater e hnessacaheâ
hnessacaheâèg
èg emgteme; (e)
baoåstahe blren9 (d) baoåstahes ml hgomahagoe`lotg càsahg9 l (h) baoåstahes ml
hgoshalotazeâèg hgrpgren (DTEXAN, 4:52), ená` me baoåstahe og tredenfg, seûml hgnltave l
e pråtahe ml etavameml càsahe pere seûml l quenameml ml vame, edgrmebl` saboacahetave pere
gs(es) lstumeotls me LKE.
Oe uoameml tl`åtahe Meoâes

Meoâes,, es pråtahes hgrpgreas ràtàhg-lxprlssaves
ràtàhg-lxprlssaves sl mlslovgnvl`
l` hgmacaheâüls pertahunerls, fastgrahe`lotl hgostatuàmes, qul plràtl` amlotacaher
`gva`lotgs l rat`gs ùsaheas plhunaerls essghaemgs e heme uè mlnes (DTEXAN, 4:52).
Mlsse cgrè, e vavëohae mes meoâes loqueotg èoaclsteâüls huntureas ngheas, rlbagoeas,
oehagoeas l aotlroehagoeas plràtl eg(ê) lstumeotl me LKE hgoflhlr, lotlomlr l lxpngrer
lsses pråtahes hgrpgreas, prgmutgs ml maclrlotls huntures, rlssaboacaheomg-es l
vengrazeomg-es ê `lmame qul mlslovgnvl e hgoshaëohae hgrpgren, pgssadanateomg ogves
cgrès ml lxprlssèg l hgùoaheâèg, nlveomg-gs ê mlshgdlrte me sue naobuebl`
hgrpgren,n, qul hgotraduarå pere gs prghlssgs ml losaog l eprlomaz
hgrpgre eprlomazebl`
ebl` l aotlreâèg hg`
g `lag.
E uoameml tl`åtahe Nutes

Nutes cghenaze es masputes hgrpgreas, oes queas gs pertahapeotls
l`prlbe` táhoahes, tåtahes l lstretábaes lsplhàcahes pere a`gdanazer, mlslquanadrer,
etaobar gu lxhnuar g gpgolotl ml u`
u ` mltlràoemg lspeâg, hg`daoeomg eâüls ml etequl
l mlclse marabames eg hgrpg mg emvlrsårag (DTEXAN, 4:52). Zgml` slr tredenfemes es
èoaclsteâüls rlbagoeas, dl` hg`g es oehagoeas l aotlroehagoeas. Ená` mlsse prgpgste,
á a`pgrteotl pere lssl pûdnahg me LKE mashutar
m ashutar e mlcaoaâèg ml nute, gs esplhtgs pgsatavgs
l olbetavgs mlssl hgohlatg, saboacahemg l slotamg ml nutes sghaeas, ená` ml trezlr pere
sene ml eune g hgohlatg ml vlohlr l plrmlr, essghaeomg e `gmenameml nutes ês
plhunaeramemlss m
plhunaerameml mee rlenameml mlssls(es) lstumeotls.
5=5
E tl`åtahe Zråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture

evloture edrl lspeâg pere es pråtahes hgrpgreas
rlenazemes l` hgotetg hg` g `lag e`dalotl. Lsses lxplraëohaes emquarames e pertar me
aotlreâèg fg`l` l `lag, slke og ä`datg urdeog gu me oeturlze, ehede` pgr nlver
te`dá` ê rlcnlxèg sgdrl hg`g lsse rlneâèg cga hgostruàme l hg`g lne sl èoaclste oes
mavlrses `gmenamemls lxastlotls, oes rlbaüls dresanlares l og ùomg, ená` ml
prgpgrhagoer cgrès maclrlotls ml vavëohaes e pertar ml plquloes emepteâüls og lspeâg
me lshgne, desleomg-sl l` sue cuoâèg sghaen l sues pgssadanamemls ètlraeas.
ètlraeas.
4.<.8 HG@ZL]ËOHAEX LXZLHÀCAHEX ML LM\HEÂÈG CÀXAHE ZETE G LOXAOG

C\OME@LO]EN
5. Hg`prllomlr e grabl` me hunture hgrpgren ml `gva`lotg l slus vàohungs hg` e

grbeoazeâèg me vame hgnltave l aomavamuen.
4. Zneolker l l`prlber lstretábaes pere rlsgnvlr mlsecags l eu`loter es pgssadanamemls

ml eprlomazebl` mes pråtahes hgrpgreas, ená` ml sl lovgnvlr og prghlssg ml e`pnaeâèg
mg ehlrvg hunturen olssl he`pg.
8. Tlcnltar, hratahe`lotl, sgdrl es rlneâüls lotrl e rlenazeâèg mes pråtahes hgrpgreas l gs

prghlssgs ml seûml/mgloâe, aohnusavl og hgotlxtg mes etavamemls nedgreas.
=. Amlotacaher e ùntapnahameml ml pemrüls ml mlsl`plofg, seûml, dlnlze l lstátahe

hgrpgren, eoenaseomg, hratahe`lotl, gs `gmlngs masslàoemgs oe `àmae l mashutar
pgstures hgosuàstes l prlhgohlatugses.
<. Amlotacaher es cgrès ml prgmuâèg mgs prlhgohlatgs, hg`prllomlr slus lclatgs l

hg`detlr pgsahagoe`lotgs mashraàoetørags
mashraàoetørags l` rlneâèg ês pråtahes hgrpgreas l egs slus
pertahapeotls.
3. Aotlrprlter l rlhraer gs vengrls, gs slotamgs l gs saboacahemgs etraduàmgs ês maclrlotls

pråtahes hgrpgreas, dl` hg`g egs suklatgs qul mlnes pertahape`.
2. Tlhgoflhlr es pråtahes
p råtahes hgrpgreas hg`g lnl`lotgs hgostatutavgs me amlotameml hunturen
mgs pgvgs l brupgs.
6. \sucruar mes pråtahes hgrpgreas ml cgrè eutýogè pere pgtlohaenazer g lovgnva`lotg
l` hgotlxtgs ml nezlr, e`pnaer es rlmls ml sghaedanameml l e prg`gâèg me seûml.
5=4
1. Tlhgoflhlr g ehlssg ês pråtahes hgrpgreas hg`g marlatg mg hamemèg, prgpgomg l

prgmuzaomg entlroetaves pere sue rlenazeâèg og hgotlxtg hgùoatårag.
5:. Lxplra`loter, mlscruter, eprlhaer l hraer maclrlotls draohemlares, kgbgs, meoâes,

baoåstahes, lspgrtls, nutes l pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture, vengrazeomg g tredenfg
hgnltavg l g prgtebgoas`g.
Oes eunes, es pråtahes hgrpgreas mlvl` slr edgrmemes hg`g cloý`log hunturen
maoäàhg, mavlrsacahemg, pnurama`losagoen, saobuner l hgotrematørag. Mlssl `gmg, á
pgssàvln esslburer egs(ês) lstumeotls e (rl)hgostruâèg ml u` hgokuotg ml
hgoflha`lotgs qul plràte` e`pnaer sue hgoshaëohae e rlsplatg ml slus `gva`lotgs l
mgs rlhursgs pere g huamemg ml sa l mgs gutrgs, ená` ml mlslovgnvlr eutgogàe pere
eprgpraeâèg l utanazeâèg me hunture hgrpgren ml `gva`lotg l` mavlrses caoenamemls
fuèoes, cevgrlhlomg sue pertahapeâèg ml cgrè hgocaeotl l eutgren oe sghalmeml
(DTEXAN, 4:52).
Olsse plrsplhtave, g hg`pgolotl hurrahuner ml Lmuheâèg Càsahe og losaog me LKE mlvl

pgssadanater eg(ê) lstumeotl e vavëohae mes pråtahes hgrpgreas, oèg sa`pnls`lotl plne
pråtahe, ès sa` etrevás ml uè vasèg èas e`pne ehlrhe mg qul lstå slomg vavlohaemg,
mashutamg, prgmuzamg, tlomg l` vaste g slu mlslovgnva`lot
mlslovgnva`lotg
g hgboatavg, sghaen, ecltavg l
hunturen, dl` hg`g g rlhgoflha`l
rlhgoflha`lotg
otg loqueotg suklatg hràtahg-rlcnlxavg ogs p
prghlssgs
rghlssgs
ml losaog l eprlomazebl`.
5=8
Aoahaeas
Lmuheâèg Càsahe - Eogs Aoahaeas
AOAHAEAX
EOGX AOAHAEAX
\OAMEMLX GDKL]GX ML
FEDANAMEMLX LKE ZL
]L@Å]AHEX HGOFLHA@LO]G
(LCLKEEALC:5ZL) Tlsbeter, rlhraer l lxplra`loter draohemlares l kgbgs slosgraeas

s losgraeas l me hunture
5
= pgpuner, gralotemg plng hgotlxtg hgùoatårag l rlbagoen.
rlbagoen.
=
Draoqulmgs, draohemlares l
kgbgs pgpunerls
pgpunerls (LCLKEEALC:4ZL) Lxprlsser, pgr `lag ml `ûntapnes naobueblos (hgrpgren, vasuen, gren l lshrate),
(Draohemlares pgpunerls) draohemlares l kgbgs pgpunerls mg hgotlxtg hgùoatårag l rlbagoen, vengrazeomg ml cgrè
aohnusave e a`pgrtäohae mlssls kgbgs l draohemlares pere sues huntures ml grabl`.
Draohemlares l (LCLKEEALC:8ZL) Mlslovgnvlr lstretábaes pere locrlote`lotg ml mlsecags l` satueâüls ml
kgbgs draohemlares l kgbgs og hgotlxtg hgùoatårag l rlbagoen, rlssenteomg e ma`losèg ml vatørae l
mlrrgte.
]apgs ml kgbgs
(LCLKEEALC:=ZL) Zrgmuzar entlroetaves pere e vavëohae l` uè plrsplhtave aohnusave ml
(Kgbgs pgpunerls, Kgbgs ml draohemlares l kgbgs, lnedgreomg tlxtgs (greas, lshratgs, eumagvasueas) pere sghaenazå-ngs oe
senèg, Kgbgs tletreas l Kgbgs lshgne l oe hgùoameml.
slosgraeas)
(LCLKEEALC:<ZL) Hg`prllomlr draohemlares l kgbgs pgpunerls ml Zlroe`duhg, aohnuaomg
(LCLKEEALC:<ZL)
equlnls ml ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, l rlhraå-ngs, vengrazeomg e a`pgrtäohae mlssl petra`ýoag
fastørahg-hunturen, amlotacaheomg sues lxplraëohaes l g slu hgoflha`lotg sgdrl gs kgbgs

pgpunerls, ml senèg, tletreas (usg ml naobuebl` l lxprlssèg hgrpgren), slosgraeas (lstaùneâèg
mgs slotamgs l mlslovgnva`lotg me plrhlpâèg l me slosadanameml).
Draoqulmgs, draohemlares l
kgbgs pgpunerls
pgpunerls (LCLKEEALC:3ZL) Xublrar l lxplra`loter lstretábaes qul pgssadanatl` e pertahapeâèg slbure ml
(LCLKEEALC:3ZL) Xublrar
(Draohemlares pgpunerls) tgmgs gs lstumeotls l` draohemlares l kgbgs pgpunerls mg Ogrmlstl mg Dresan l ml ètraz
aomàbloe l ecraheoe, aohnuaomg maoäàhes aohnusaves pere plssges hg` mlcahaëohae.
Draohemlares l
kgbgs
kgbgs (LCLKEEALC:2ZL) Mlshrlvlr, pgr `lag ml `ûntapnes naobueblos (hgrpgren, gren, lshrate,
]apgs ml kgbgs eumagvasuen), es draohemlares l kgbgs pgpunerls mg Ogrmlstl mg Dresan l ml ètraz aomàbloe l
ecraheoe, lxpnaheomg sues herehtlràstahes l e a`pgrtäohae mlssl petra`ýoag fastørahg-hunturen
(Kgbgs pgpunerls, Kgbgs ml
oe prlslrveâèg mes maclrlotls huntures.
senèg, Kgbgs tletreas l Kgbgs
slosgraeas) (LCLKEEALC:6ZL) Xastlètazer l rlhraer draohemlares l kgbgs pgpunerls mg Dresan l mg ùomg,
5
=
<
aohnuaomg equlnls ml ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, vavlohaeomg, oe lshgne
ls hgne l cgre mlne, emlqueomg-
es egs lspeâgs pûdnahgs maspgoàvlas, lxpngreomg gs lspeâgs lxastlotls oe hgùoameml pere g
nezlr, lmuheâèg, seûml l tredenfg.
Xedlrls
(E fastøraesgdrl g Lspgrtl
Lspgrtle
mgs lspgrtls9 (LCLKEEALC:1ZL)
amlotacaheomg suesHgoflhlr l rlcnltarrlsbeteomg
l
herehtlràstahes, gs lspgrtlssues
aomavamueas l hgnltavgs
lxplraëohaes ml èrhe l mlprlzeomg
l hgoflha`lotgs, prlhasèg,
rlneâèg lotrl Kgbg l plng tredenfg hgnltavg l prgtebgoas`g.
Lspgrtl9 l es ma`losüls
sghaeas mg Lspgrtl) (LCLKEEALC5:ZL) Hgoflhlr gs lspgrtls aomavamueas ml èrhe l ml prlhasèg, amlotacaheomg sues
Lspgrtls
herehtlràstahes, rlsbeteomg sues lxplraëohaes, hgoflha`lotgs, gs slotamgs l saboacahemgs
etraduàmgs e lnls pgr maclrlotls brupgs sghaeas l ltårags.
ltårags.
Lspgrtls aomavamueas
aomavamueas
(ml rlml/perlml (LCLKEEALC55ZL) Maclrlohaer l rlnehagoer gs lspgrtls aomavamueas ml èrhe l ml prlhasèg
/èrhe/prlhasèg) etrevás me sue vavëohae, gdslrveomg sues ogrès l rlbres.
(LCLKEEALC54ZL) Amlotacaher gs lspgrtls hgnltavgs ml he`pg l tehg, rlnehagoer sues

herehtlràstahes l emepter cuome`lotgs táhoahgs, lstretábaes pere
p ere sue rlenazeâèg, prlzeomg plng
tredenfg hgnltavg l prgtebgoas`g.
Lspgrtls hgnltavgs
hgnltavgs
(ml èrhe l ml prlhasèg)
prlhasèg) (LCLKEEALC58ZL) Tlsbeter sues lxplraëohaes l hgoflha`lotgs ehlrhe ml Kgbg l Lspgrtl,
maclrlohaeomg-gs hgohlatuen`lotl ê nuz me fastørae l l` cuoâèg ml sues ma`losüls sghaeas ml
èoaclsteâèg hgotl`pgräole (lmuhehagoen/lshgner, prgcassagoen l hgùoatårae/nezl
hgùoatårae/nezlr).
r).
(LCLKEEALC5=ZL) Hg`prllomlr es herehtlràstahes mgs lspgrtls aomavamueas ml rlml/perlml,

rlhraeomg slus cuome`lotgs táhoahgs, lstretábaes pere sue rlenazeâèg, prlzeomg plng tredenfg
hgnltavg l prgtebgoas`g.
Lspgrtls hgnltavgs
hgnltavgs
Lspgrtls
Lspgrtls (ml rlml/perlml
(LCLKEEALC5<ZL) Maclrlohaer gs hgohlatgs ml Kgbg l Lspgrtl amlotacaheomg es herehtlràstahes qul
/he`pg/tehg)
5 gs hgostatul` oe hgotl`pgreolameml l` sues maclrlotls ma`losüls sghaeas ml èoaclsteâèg
=
3 (lshgner/lmuhehagoen, prgcassagoen/nuhretavg, hgùoatårae/nezlr l seûml),
seûml), rlcnltaomg sgdrl e
lvgnuâèg mlsses èoaclsteâüls l` ogsse sghalmeml.
(LCLKEEALC53ZL) Hg`prllomlr es herehtlràstahes mgs lspgrtls hgnltavgs ml aovesèg, rlhraeomg

Lspgrtls hgnltavgs
hgnltavgs slus cuome`lotgs táhoahgs l lstretábaes pere sue rlenazeâèg, prlzeomg plng tredenfg
(ml aovesèg) prgtebgoaste.
(LCLKEEALC52ZL) Xastlètazer gs hgohlatgs ml Kgbg l Lspgrtl, amlotacaheomg es herehtlràstahes

qul gs hgostatul` oe hgotl`pgreolameml l sues èoaclsteâüls (lmuhehagoen/lshgner,
prgcassagoen l hgùoatårae/nezlr).
hgùoatårae/nezlr).
(LCLKEEALC56ZL) Amlotacaher, ml cgrè aomavamuen l hgnltave, lnl`lotgs herehtlràstahgs mes

Xedlrls me baoåstahe baoåstahes (hg` l sl` ètlraeas), plrhldlomg e a`pgrtäohae me slbureoâe, oe rlenazeâèg mgs
Baoåstahes (Hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl g lnl`lotgs.
hgrpg l` `gva`lotg l (LCLKEEALC51ZL) Tlsbeter lxplraëohaes l rlcnltar ehlrhe mes baoåstahes, emgteomg lstretábaes
baoåstahe blren9 E fastørae me
pere e rlenazeâèg mgs lnl`lotgs qul nfls sèg hgostatuaotls.
baoåstahe l baoåstahe blren)
(LCLKEEALC4:ZL) Amlotacaher es pgtlohaenamemls l gs naàtls mg hgrpg etrevás me baoåstahe,
rlsplateomg es maclrloâes aomavamueas, ml bëolrg l ml mlsl`plofg hgrpgren.
(LCLKEEALC45ZL) Lxprlsser, pgr `lag ml `ûntapnes naobueblos (hgrpgren, gren, lshrate l

eumagvasuen), lnl`lotgs herehtlràstahgs mes baoåstahes, rlhgoflhlomg e prlsloâe mlssls oes
maclrlotls aostäohaes ml èoaclsteâèg (lmuhehagoen/lshgner, prgcassagoen, hgùoatårae/nezlr l
seûml).
seûml).
Baoåstahe l (LCLKEEALC44ZL) Lxpngrer l hraer, ml cgrè hgnltave, hg`daoeâüls ml lnl`lotgs bàòahgs (hg`
mlslovgnva`lotg fuèog l sl` ètlraeas), rlnehagoeomg-es e tlès mg hgtamaeog.
hgtamaeog.
5
Baoåstahes
Baoåstahes
= (Etavameml càsahe, seûml, (LCLKEEALC48ZL) Eoenaser, rlcnltar l sublrar, ml cgrè hgnltave, lstretábaes pere rlsgnvlr
2
nezlr l quenameml ml vame)
vame) mlsecags oe rlenazeâèg mgs lnl`lotgs bàòahgs, rlhgoflhlomg es pgtlohaenamemls l gs naàtls
mg hgrpg, slbureoâe l dl`-lster mgs pertahapeotls.
(LCLKEEALC4=ZL) Xastlètazer, hg`prllomlr l rlhraer hgrlgbrecaes hgotlomg lnl`lotgs mes

baoåstahes (hg` l sl` ètlraeas), emlqueomg-es egs lspeâgs pûdnahgs l pravemgs.
(LCLKEEALC4<ZL) Mashutar l utanazer lstretábaes pere rlsgnvlr mlsecags oe lxlhuâèg ml
lnl`lotgs dåsahgs ml eprlsloteâüls hgnltaves mes baoåstahes, rlhgoflhlomg es pgtlohaenamemls
l gs naàtls mg hgrpg, emgteomg prghlma`lotgs ml slbureoâe.
(LCLKEEALC43ZL) Xastlètazer gs hgohlatgs me baoåstahe, amlotacaheomg es herehtlràstahes l

lnl`lotgs qul gs hgostatul` oe hgotl`pgreolameml, l` sues èoaclsteâüls
(lmuhehagoen/lshgner, prgcassagoen, hgùoatårae/nezlr l seûml).
(LCLKEEALC42ZL) Grbeoazer l prg`gvlr clstaveas ml baoåstahe, vengrazeomg g tredenfg hgnltavg

l prgtebgoas`g, amlotacaheomg slus laxgs l pneogs hgrpgreas, rlhgoflhlomg es pgtlohaenamemls
l gs naàtls mg hgrpg, rlsplateomg e slbureoâe l dl`-lster mgs pertahapeotls.
(LCLKEEALC46ZL) Lxplra`loter es maclrlotls èoaclsteâüls ràtàhes mg hgotlxtg hgùoatårag

l rlbagoen (rgmes heotemes, draohemlares ràtàhes l lxprlssaves), l rlhraå-nes, e pertar ml
slquëohaes hgrlgbråcahes.
Meoâes mg hgotlxtg
hgùoatårag l rlbagoen
rlbagoen (LCLKEEALC41ZL) Eprgcuomer
(LCLKEEALC41ZL)
meoâes Eprgcuomer
mg hgotlxtg l vavlohaer
hgùoatårag gs lnl`lotgs
l rlbagoen, hgostatutavgs
vengrazeomg-es (rat`g, lspeâg, blstgs) mes
l rlsplateomg-es.
(LCLKEEALC8:ZL) Amlotacaher, rlcnltar l rlhraer es meoâes pgpunerls mg Dresan l meoâes ml ètraz

aomàbloe l ecraheoe, vengrazeomg l rlsplateomg gs maclrlotls slotamgs l saboacahemgs mlsses
5 meoâes l` sues huntures ml grabl`.
=
6 Meoâes mg Dresan l mg
Meoâes (LCLKEEALC85ZL) Amlotacaher, hg`prllomlr l hg`perer gs lnl`lotgs hgostatutavgs (rat`g,
ùomg
lspeâgs, blstgs) mes meoâes pgpunerls mg Dresan, ml ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, hgoflhlomg
sues plhunaeramemls (aostru`lotgs, aomu`lotåraes l emlrlâgs), l rlnehagoer es meoâes
loqueotg pgssadanamemls ml èoaclsteâüls (lmuhehagoen/lshgner, prgcassagoen,
hgùoatårae/nezlr l seûml).
Meoâes ml ètraz aomàbloe l
ecraheoe (LCLKEEALC84ZL) Xastlètazer sues lxplraëohaes ràtàhes l slu lotloma`lotg sgdrl es meoâes,
cgrùneomg l utanazeomg lstretábaes pere e rlenazeâèg mgs lnl`lotgs hgostatutavgs mes meoâes
pgpunerls mg Dresan, l mes meoâes ml ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe l amlotacaher satueâüls ml
aokustaâe l prlhgohlatg blremes l/gu prlslotls og hgotlxtg mes meoâes l mlèas pråtahes
hgrpgreas, rlcnltaomg l sublraomg entlroetaves pere suplrå-nes.
suplrå -nes.
Meoâes mg hgotlxtg (LCLKEEALC88ZL) Amlotacaher, rlhraer l vavlohaer es meoâes pgpunerls mg ùomg l meoâes ml
hgùoatårag l rlbagoen
rlbagoen
ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, vengrazeomg l rlsplateomg gs maclrlotls slotamgs l saboacahemgs
mlsses meoâes l` sues huntures ml grabl`.
Meoâes
Meoâes Meoâes mg Dresan l mg (LCLKEEALC8=ZL) Hg`prllomlr l hg`perer gs lnl`lotgs hgostatutavgs (rat`g, lspeâgs, blstgs)
ùomg hgùos l maclrlotls mes meoâes mg ùomg, ml ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, hgoflhlomg sues
plhunaeramemls (aostru`lotgs, aomu`lotåraes l emlrlâgs), l rlnehagoer es meoâes loqueotg
Meoâes ml ètraz aomàbloe l pgssadanamemls ml èoaclsteâüls (lmuhehagoen/lshgner, prgcassagoen, hgùoatårae/nezlr l
ecraheoe seûml).
seûml).
(LCLKEEALC8<ZL) Tlsbeter, vavlohaer l rlhraer maclrlotls nutes prlslotls og hgotlxtg

hgùoatårag l rlbagoen l nutes ml ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, lxpngreomg kgbgs ml gpgsaâèg l
emepteâüls ml draohemlares pgpunerls.
pgpunerls.
5
=
1
Nutes mg hgotlxtg (LCLKEEALC83ZL) Amlotacaher es nutes mg hgotlxtg hgùoatårag l rlbagoen l nutes ml ètraz
hgùoatårag l rlbagoen aomàbloe l ecraheoe, lnlohemgs e pertar mg maångbg hg` g hgnltavg, rlsplateomg g hgnlbe hg`g
gpgolotl, eprgcuomeomg es ogrès ml slbureoâe l dl`-lster ml tgmgs.
tgmgs.
Nutes
Nutes (LCLKEEALC82ZL) Mldetlr l rlhraer nutes mg hgotlxtg hgùoatårag l rlbagoen l nutes ml ètraz
aomàbloe l ecraheoe cezlomg u` rlsbetl hunturen, eprgxaèomg eg `åxa`g egs `gva`lotgs
Nutes ml ètraz aomàbloe l
utanazemgs.
utanazemgs.
ecraheoe
ecraheoe
(LCLKEEALC86ZL) Xastlètazer g hgohlatg ml nutes, maclrlohaeomg-e ml drabe/vagnëohae,
amlotacaheomg es herehtlràstahes l lnl`lotgs qul hgostatul` es nutes mg hgotlxtg hgùoatårag
l rlbagoen l nutes ml ètraz aomàbloe l ecraheoe, l` sues èoaclsteâüls (lmuhehagoen/lshgner,
prgcassagoen, hgùoatårae/nezlr l seûml).
seûml).
Caoeas
Lmuheâèg Càsahe - Eogs Caoeas
EOGX CAOEAX
CAOEAX
\OAMEMLX GDKL]GX ML
FEDANAMEMLX LKE ZL
]L@Å]AHEX HGOFLHA@LO]G
(LCLKEECLC:5ZL) Hgohlatuer l vavlohaer aomavamuen l hgnltave`lotl kgbgs (lspgrtavgs,

5
<
Draohemlares pgpunerls
pgpunerls hggplretavgs, tletreas, pgpunerls, slosgraeas, ml senèg l lnltrýoahgs), rlsplateomg gs slotamgs
:
l saboacahemgs etraduàmgs vengrazeomg e rlnlväohae mg tredenfg l` lquapl l g rlsplatg ês
maclrloâes l rlssenteomg mlsl`plofgs aomavamueas l` cuoâèg me sastlètazeâèg mgs hgohlatgs
ml vatørae l mlrrgte hg`g hgoslquëohaes l pertls mg kgbg.
]apgs ml kgbgs
Draohemlares l (Kgbgs pgpunerls, Kgbgs (LCLKEECLC:4ZL) Tlhgoflhlr l hg`perer es treoscgrèâüls oes herehtlràstahes mgs kgbgs
(LCLKEECLC:4ZL)
Kgbgs ml senèg Kgbgs (senèg, lspgrtavgs, hggplretavgs, lnltrýoahgs, slosgraeas l tletreas), l` cuoâèg mgs eveoâgs mes
hggplretavgs, Kgbgs tlhogngbaes l lxabëohaes hgrpgreas hgnghemes pgr heme tapg ml kgbgs rlnehagoeomg-es ês
lspgrtavgs, Kgbgs rlsplhtaves pgssadanamemls ml lxplra`loteâèg/vavëohae hgrpgren oe lshgne.
slosgraeas Kgbgs tletreas,
Kgbgs lnltrýoahgs) (LCLKEECLC:8ZL) Hnessacaher gs kgbgs, vengrazeomg l rlsplateomg gs slotamgs l saboacahemgs
etraduàmgs e lnls pgr maclrlotls brupgs sghaeas l ltårags, hgosamlreomg gs kgbgs ngheas,
rlbagoeas, lstemueas l oehagoeas.
oehagoeas.
(LCLKEECLC:=ZL) Tlhgoflhlr e fastgrahameml mes draohemlares l kgbgs pgpunerls etrevás ml

plsquases, rlsbeteomg l hg`prllomlomg sues grablos l lvgnuâèg eg ngobg mg tl`pg,
rlcnltaomg sgdrl gs esplhtgs sghaghuntureas qul aocnulohaere` e hraeâèg mgs `ls`gs.
Draohemlares pgpunerls
pgpunerls
(LCLKEECLC:<ZL) Tlsbeter l rlhraer draohemlares l kgbgs pgpunerls prlslotls oe aocäohae,
hg`g cgrè ml eprgpraeâèg mlssl hgoflha`lotg l hgostruar u` ehlrvg nghen, ehlrhe mlste
pråtahe, emepteomg-gs pere gs maes etueas l sghaenazeomg-gs oe lshgne l oe hgùoameml.
hgùoameml.
(LCLKEECLC:3ZL) Mashutar cgrès aohnusaves oes maclrlotls draohemlares l kgbgs me hunture

pgpuner prlslotls og hgotlxtg hgùoatårag l rlbagoen, rlhgoflhlomg, rlsplateomg l
vengrazeomg es maclrloâes aomavamueas.
aomavamueas.
Draohemlares l
Kgbgs (LCLKEECLC:2ZL) Zrgmuzar entlroetaves pere e vavëohae l` heråtlr aohnusavg ml maclrlotls
5 ]apgs ml kgbgs draohemlares l kgbgs oe lshgne l cgre mlne, tlètazemgs oe lshgne, prgmuzaomg tlxtgs (greas,
<
5 (Kgbgs pgpunerls, Kgbgs lshratgs, eumagvasueas) pere sghaenazer oe lshgne l oe hgùoameml.
hgùoameml.
ml senèg Kgbgs
hggplretavgs, Kgbgs (LCLKEECLC:6ZL) Savlohaer ml cgrè nûmahe gs kgbgs lspgrtavgs oe lshgne l cgre mlne,
emepteomg es rlbres l g oû`lrg ml pertahapeotls ês pråtahes lspgrtaves gcahaeas, rlsplateomg l
lspgrtavgs,
slosgraeas KgbgsKgbgs
tletreas, vengrazeomg g gutrg.
gutrg.
Kgbgs lnltrýoahgs)
(LCLKEECLC:1ZL) Amlotacaher, hg`prllomlr l rlhgoflhlr gs cuome`lotgs l rlbres mgs
lspgrtls hgnltavgs, rlcnltaomg l mashutaomg gs slus saboacahemgs l cuohagoenameml l` rlba`l ml
kgbg.
kgbg.
(LCLKEECLC5:ZL) Eprgcuomer es etavamemls prá-lspgrtaves qul tredenfl` hggrmloeâèg

`gtgre, lquanàdrag, rat`g, netlrenameml l fedanamemls èoapunetaves.
èoapunetaves.
Xedlrls sgdrl g Lspgrtl

Lspgrtl (LCLKEECLC55ZL) Hgotlxtuenazer gs lspgrtls táhoahgs aomavamueas, rlhraeomg slus
Lspgrtls
Lspgrtls aomavamueas
aomavamueas cuome`lotgs, lstretábaes pere sue rlenazeâèg, prlzeomg g tredenfg hgnltavg.
hgnltavg.
(ml èrhe, táhoahg- (LCLKEECLC54ZL) Eoenaser gs lspgrtls hgnltavgs ml èrhe, prlhasèg, aovesèg l táhoahg-
hg`daoetørags, ml
hg`daoetørags, hg`prllomlomg slus cuome`lotgs táhoahg-tåtahgs dåsahgs, hgosamlreomg sues
hg`detl l ml prlhasèg)
prlhasèg) praohapeas rlbres.
rlbres.
Lspgrtls hgnltavgs
hgnltavgs
(ml aovesèg) (LCLKEECLC58ZL) Xastlètazer sues lxplraëohaes l hgoflha`lotgs ehlrhe mgs lspgrtls
aomavamueas l hgnltavgs ml èrhe, prlhasèg, aovesèg l táhoahg-hg`daoetørags l` cuoâèg mes
`gmenamemls lspgrtaves.
Xedlrls sgdrl g Lspgrtl
Lspgrtl
(E
Esfastørae mgs lspgrtls
ma`losüls sghaeas mgl (LCLKEECLC5=ZL)
utanazeâèg Hgotlxtuenazer,
mgs lspgrtls hg`perer
aomavamueas l rlssaboacaher
l hgnltavgs, lès sues
treoscgrèâüls
maclrlotlsoeèoaclsteâüls
grbeoazeâèg l
Lspgrtl)
Lspgrtl) (lmuhehagoen/prgcassagoen, hgùoatårag/nezlr
hgùoatårag/nezlr l seûml).
seûml).
(LCLKEECLC5<ZL) Aovlstaber l mashutar entlroetaves pere e lxplra`loteâèg mgs lspgrtls oèg

5
Lspgrtls Lspgrtls hgnltavgs (ml maspgoàvlas l/gu ehlssàvlas oe hgùoameml l mes mlèas pråtahes hgrpgreas tlètazemes oe
<
4 èrhe, ml aovesèg, ml lshgne.
lshgne.
rlml/perlml, ml he`pg l
tehg l táhoahg- (LCLKEECLC53ZL) Hg`prllomlr gs maclrlotls pepáas me grbeoazeâèg mgs lspgrtls aomavamueas
hg`daoetørags) l hgnltavgs ml rlml/ perlml, he`pg l tehg, aovesèg l hg`detl (etnlte, årdatrg l táhoahg),
eoenaseomg slus cuome`lotgs táhoahg-tåtahgs dåsahgs, hgosamlreomg sues praohapeas rlbres,
etrevás me vengrazeâèg mg tredenfg hgnltavg l prgtebgoas`g.
prgtebgoas`g.
(LCLKEECLC52ZL) Tlhgoflhlr es herehtlràstahes mgs lspgrtls ml hg`detl, hraeomg lstretábaes

aomavamueas l hgnltaves, prlzeomg plng tredenfg hgnltavg l prgtebgoas`g.
prgtebgoas`g.
(LCLKEECLC56ZL) Tlsbeter l sastlètazer es lxplraëohaes l hgoflha`lotgs ehlrhe mgs lspgrtls

ml rlml/perlml, he`pg l tehg, aovesèg l hg`detl, emgteomg lstretábaes pere sgnuhagoer
mlsecags táhoahgs l tåtahgs prgpgstgs l` cuoâèg mes `gmenamemls lspgrtaves e slrl`
vavlohaemes.
vavlohaemes.
(LCLKEECLC51ZL) Tlcnltar l eprgcuomer gs hgoflha`lotgs ehlrhe mgs lspgrtls aomavamueas l

hgnltavgs ml rlml/perlml, he`pg l tehg, aovesèg l hg`detl.
hg`detl.
(LCLKEECLC4:ZL) Aovlstaber l hgotlxtuenazer es treoscgrèâüls fastørahes mg cloý`log sghaen

lspgrtl l` sues ma`losüls sghaeas ml ètlraenazeâèg (lmuhehagoen, prgcassagoen,
Lspgrtls hgùoatårae/nezlr l seûml), rlcnltaomg sgdrl prgdnlès
p rgdnlès hgotl`pgräolgs (mgpaob, hgrrupâèg,
vagnëohae lth.).
lth.).
(LCLKEECLC45ZL) Amlotacaher, aotrgmuzar l lxpngrer ngheas maspgoàvlas oe hgùoameml pere e

vavëohae ml lspgrtls aomavamueas l hgnltavgs, dl` hg`g pere es tlètazemes oe lshgne,
prgpgomg, prgmuzaomg l rlhgoflhlomg entlroetaves pere utanazå-ngs og tl`pg navrl,
hgosamlreomg sues pertahuneramemls.
5 (LCLKEECLC44ZL) Hgoflhlr e Baoåstahe hg`g hunture hgrpgren l herehtlrazer gs slus dlolcàhags,

<
8 locetazeomg e baoåstahe nedgren og slu hgotlxtg prgcassagoen, lotlomlomg-e hg`g prg`gtgre
Baoåstahe l ml seûml, dl`-lster l quenameml ml vame.
vame.
mlslovgnva`lotg
(LCLKEECLC48ZL) Lnedgrer, hgnltave`lotl, ogrès ml hgovàvag, rlsplateomg es
fuèog
fuèog
(Etavameml càsahe, seûml, aomavamuenamemls, qul vaedanazl` e pertahapeâèg l` lxplra`lotgs rlnehagoemgs ês baoåstahes,
rlsbeteomg g hgoflha`lotg fastørahg sgdrl es `lsès loqueotg prghlssg ml lvgnuâèg
nezlr l quenameml ml vame)
vame)
Baoåstahes fuèoe.
fuèoe.
Xedlrls me baoåstahe
baoåstahe (LCLKEECLC4=ZL) Maclrlohaer lxlrhàhag càsahg ml etavameml càsahe, epgoteomg entlroetaves pere e
(Fastørae me baoåstahe l pråtahe mes baoåstahes mlotrg l cgre mg e`dalotl lshgner, hgosamlreomg gs esplhtgs
hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl g rlnehagoemgs ê fastgrahameml l e sue epnahedanameml og hgtamaeog pere `lnfgrer e seûml,
hgrpg) quenameml ml vame, nezlr, eutglstaè l eptamèg càsahe.
càsahe.
(LCLKEECLC4<ZL) Tlhgoflhlr es maclrloâes l sl`lnfeoâes oes `gmenamemls ml baoåstahe,

mashutaomg hg`g heme uè mlsses èoaclsteâüls hgostatuau-sl fastgrahe`lotl hg`g pråtahe
sghaen l` sues pgssadanamemls l plrsplhtaves ml `lnfgrae mes hgomaâüls ml vame, seûml, dl`-
lster, lspgrtavazeâèg l eutghuamemg.
eutghuamemg.
(LCLKEECLC43ZL) Maclrlohaer gs prgbreès ml baoåstahe, amlotacaheomg es lxabëohaes hgrpgreas,

hgosamlreomg e a`pgrtäohae ml uè pråtahe aomavamuenazeme l hgnltave, emlqueme ês
herehtlràstahes l olhlssamemls ml heme lstumeotl/brupg.
lstumeotl/brupg.
baoåstahe (LCLKEECLC42ZL)
@gmenamemls ml baoåstahe (LCLKEECLC42ZL) Mashutar l hgotlxtuenazer es treoscgrèâüls fastørahes mgs pemrüls ml
mlsl`plofg, seûml l lstátahe, rlhgoflhlomg l eoenaseomg hratahe`lotl e rlneâèg
(Baoåstahes ml ehemlàe
Baoåstahe ml l lstedlnlhame lotrl e sghalmeml l es qulstüls ml bëolrg, prlhgohlatg l/gu mashraàoeâèg eg
Baoåstahes hgoshalotazeâèg hgrpgren9 hgosamlrer e cgrè hg`g sèg eprlslotemgs ogs `lags (halotàcahg, àmaåtahg l sghaghunturen).
sghaghunturen).
Baoåstahes lspgrtavazemes
(LCLKEECLC46ZL) Mashutar l rlcnltar sgdrl e pråtahe lxhlssave ml lxlrhàhags càsahgs l g usg ml
gu ml hg`pltaâèg l
eoedgnazeotls pere e pgtlohaenazeâèg mg rloma`lotg l mes treoscgrèâüls hgrpgreas,
5 Baoåstahe ml
< rlhgoflhlomg sues a`pnaheâüls hg` rlneâèg ê slbureoâe l rashgs ml nlsüls ê seûml l ê vame.
vame.
= hgoshalotazeâèg hgrpgren)
hgrpgren)
(LCLKEECLC41ZL) Eprgcuomer gs hgoflha`lotgs sgdrl es baoåstahes, amlotacaheomg sues
lxabëohaes hgrpgreas, rlnehagoeomg-es ês desls (epgags l laxgs; ngobatumaoen, treosvlrsen l
sebaten), nlveomg l` hgosamlreâèg e epnahedanameml pråtahe l` dushe me seûml.
seûml.
(LCLKEECLC8:ZL) Amlotacaher es maclrloâes l sl`lnfeoâes oes `gmenamemls ml baoåstahe,

mashutaomg sues rlsplhtaves pråtahes hg`g èoaclsteâüls qul pgml` hgotraduar pere e
`lnfgrae mes hgomaâüls ml seûml, dl`-lster l huamemg hgosabg l hg` g gutrg.
Meoâes Meoâes urdeoes l meoâes (LCLKEECLC85ZL) Hg`prllomlr, maclrlohaer l sastlètazer meoâes urdeoes l meoâes cgnhnørahes
cgnhnørahes rlbagoeas rlbagoeas, amlotacaheomg slus lnl`lotgs hgostatutavgs (rat`g, lspeâg, blstgs), l` slu hgotlxtg
fastørahg, sghaen l hunturen.
hunturen.
(LCLKEECLC84ZL) Maclrlohaer es meoâes urdeoes l es cgnhnørahes rlbagoeas mes mlèas

èoaclsteâüls ml meoâe, mlsteheomg es meoâes me `àmae/èsse, hgoflhlomg sues
herehtlràstahes l aocnuëohaes oe seûml, nezlr, lmuheâèg, tredenfg, slxuenameml l hunture,
vengrazeomg l rlsplateomg gs slotamgs l saboacahemgs etraduàmgs e lnls pgr maclrlotls brupgs
sghaeas.
sghaeas.
Meoâes ml Xenèg, meoâes (LCLKEECLC88ZL) Hg`prllomlr es meoâes ml senèg, es tletreas l es hgotl`pgräoles,
(LCLKEECLC88ZL)
Meoâes tletreas l eoenaseomg es herehtlràstahes l gs lnl`lotgs hgostatutavgs (rat`gs, blstgs, hgrlgbrecaes,
hgotl`pgräoles
hgotl`pgräoles `ûsahes, aostru`lotgs, aomu`lotåraes l emlrlâgs) qul plràtl` mastaobua-nes, vengrazeomg l
rlsplateomg sues amlotamemls, l` slu hgotlxtg fastørahg, sghaen l hunturen.
(LCLKEECLC8=ZL) Hgotlxtuenazer l vavlohaer es meoâes ml senèg, es tletreas l es

hgotl`pgräoles, vengrazeomg e mavlrsameml hunturen l rlsplateomg e sue tremaâèg.
5
<
< (LCLKEECLC8<ZL) Mashutar lstlrløtapgs l prlhgohlatgs rlnetavgs ês meoâes ml senèg, ês meoâes
tletreas l ês meoâes hgotl`pgräoles l mlèas pråtahes hgrpgreas, sublraomg entlroetaves pere
sue suplreâèg.
suplreâèg.
(LCLKEECLC83ZL) Hgoflhlr l rlhraer e hepglare hg`g uè mes maclrlotls nutes mg Dresan,
rlhgoflhlomg e loqueotg petra`ýoag hunturen aètlraen l me fuèoameml, amlotacaheomg gs
slus hømabgs l ratueas l` sues ma`losüls (blstueas, fastørahes, ùsaheas, ratuenameml l gutres)
Nutes mg Dresan l mg l vengrazeomg sue pråtahe hg`g aostru`lotg ml cgrèâèg hgrpgren, l`ghagoen l hamemè.
Nutes
@uomg
(LCLKEECLC82ZL) Hg`prllomlr es nutes blouaoe`lotl dresanlares (Fuie-Fuie, Nute @erekgere
l g Kau-Katsu Dresanlarg) prgdnlètazeomg prlhgohlatgs l lstlrløtapgs ml bëolrg, sghaeas l
átoahg-rehaeas rlnehagoemgs eg uoavlrsg mes nutes hgrpgreas oehagoeas.
oehagoeas.
(LCLKEECLC86ZL) Amlotacaher gs hømabgs l ratueas me hepglare, l` sues ma`losüls (blstueas,

fastørahes, ùsaheas, ratuenàstahes l gutres) gdkltaveomg mlsteher
m lsteher sues pgtlohaenamemls loqueotg
lxprlssüls ml nute, ml meoâe, ml baoåstahe, ml lspgrtl l ml kgbg.
kgbg.
(LCLKEECLC81ZL) Mashutar prlhgohlatgs l lstlrløtapgs ml bëolrg, sghaeas l átoahg-rehaeas

rlnehagoemgs ês nutes mg Dresan, rlcnltaomg l epgoteomg `lags pere suplrå-ngs.
suplrå-ngs.
(LCLKEECLC=:ZL) Amlotacaher gs `gva`lotgs plrtlohlotls ês nutes mg ùomg, emgteomg

prghlma`lotgs ml slbureoâe, rlsplateomg g gpgolotl, rlcnltaomg es rlneâüls ml bëolrg l
èrhaenameml mlotrg ml uè hrgogngbae tl`pgren l fastørahg-sghaen mlstes pråtahes,
Nutes Nutes mg Dresan l mg hg`pereomg lsses nutes hg` es pretahemes oe sue
s ue rlbaèg.
rlbaèg.
@uomg
@uomg
(LCLKEECLC=5ZL) Zlsquaser ehlrhe mes pertahuneramemls sghaghuntureas mes nutes graloteas (teas
5 hg`g; Kumý, Iuob Cu, Ieretë, ]eliwgomg, @uey ]fea, Xu`ý, mlotrl gutres) l mes nutes
<
3 ghamloteas (teas hg`g; Nute Gnà`pahe, Dgxl, Cunn Hgoteht, Xevetl, @axlm @ertaen Erts (@@E),
Lsbraè, mlotrl gutres), rlhgoflhlomg es sues herehtlràstahes táhoahg-tåtahes l rlsplhtaves
sastlètazeâüls ml slus blstgs lsplhàcahgs hunturen`lotl lstlrlgtapemgs.
lstlrlgtapemgs.
(LCLKEECLC=4ZL) Eprgcuomer, rlcnltar l hg`prllomlr es treoscgrèâüls fastørahes, g prghlssg

ml lspgrtavazeâèg l e àmaetazeâèg mes nutes/ertls èrhaeas, hgotlxtuenazeomg-es, vengrazeomg
l rlsplateomg sues huntures ml grabl`.
grabl`.
Zråtahes Zråtahes hgrpgreas ml (LCLKEECLC=8ZL) Hgoflhlr maclrlotls pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture urdeoes, l` lvamëohae
hgrpgreas ml evloture urdeoes l oe oe hgùoameml lshgner.
lshgner.
evloture oeturlze
(LCLKEECLC==ZL) Eoenaser gs rashgs mureotl e rlenazeâèg ml pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture
urdeoes, epgoteomg lstretábaes pere prlvloâèg ml ehamlotls.
ehamlotls.
(LCLKEECLC=<ZL) Hgotlxtuenazer l hg`prllomlr pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture urdeoes,

rlsplateomg g petra`ýoag pûdnahg, aohgrpgreomg e hgoshaëohae ml prlslrveâèg mg e`dalotl l
utanazeomg entlroetaves pere e pråtahe slbure l` mavlrsgs lspeâgs.
lspeâgs.
(LCLKEECLC=3ZL) Aovlstaber e grabl` mes pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture urdeoes ( Xietl,

Zetaos, Zerigur , D@V, lotrl gutres) l es pgssadanamemls ml rlhraå-nes, rlhgoflhlomg sues
herehtlràstahes (aostru`lotgs, lquape`lotgs ml slbureoâe, aomu`lotårae, grbeoazeâèg) l slus
s lus
tapgs.
tapgs.
Zråtahes Zråtahes hgrpgreas ml
hgrpgreas ml evloture urdeoes l oe (LCLKEECLC=2ZL) Maclrlohaer es pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture oe oeturlze (Tepln, Lsheneme,
(LCLKEECLC=2ZL) Maclrlohaer
evloture
evloture oeturlze
oeturlze Xnehinaol, Heogebl`, lotrl gutres), vengrazeomg e prøprae slbureoâe l aotlbrameml càsahe,
rlsplateomg g petra`ýoag oeturen, rlcnltaomg e aotlreâèg hg` g e`dalotl l epgoter
hgotraduaâüls pere àoaàzer gs a`pehtgs ml mlbremeâèg e`daloten.
e`daloten.
5
<
2 (LCLKEECLC=6ZL) Amlotacaher rashgs, hraer lstretábaes l gdslrver ogrès ml slbureoâe pere
suplrer gs mlsecags oes pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture oe oeturlze (Tepln, Lsheneme, Xnehinaol,
Heogebl`, lotrl gutres), dl` hg`g rlcnltar perenlne`lotl es emvlrsamemls me vame hgtamaeoe
l `lags ml supneotå-nes.
supneotå-nes.
(LCLKEECLC=1ZL) Hg`prllomlr es herehtlràstahes (lquape`lotgs ml slbureoâe,
(LCLKEECLC=1ZL)
aomu`lotåraes) mes pråtahes hgrpgreas ml evloture, amlotacaheomg eprgxaèâüls l
masteohae`lotgs lotrl lstes l gutres pråtahes hgrpgreas.
4.<.< TLCLTËOHAEX

DTEXAN. Nla o». 1.81=, ml 4: ml ZLTOE@D\HG. Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg
mlzl`drg ml 5113.
Marltrazls l Desls5113 . Lstedlnlhl
me Lmuheâèg es
Oehagoen. ml Zlroe`duhg.
Zlroe`duhg;
Zlroe`duhg Hurràhung
; losaog cuome`loten ml
‘
‘
Maårag Gcahaen me \oaèg, Dresànae, MC, årle ml naobueblos. Tlhacl, 4:51.
5113.
XGETLX, H. N. lt en. @ltgmgngbae mg

DTEXAN. @aoastárag me Lmuheâèg. Desl Losaog ml Lmuheâèg Càsahe.
Càsahe. Xèg Zeung;
oehagoen hgù` hurrahuner.
hurrahuner. Dresànae, Hgrtlz, 5114.
4:56.
5<6

5<1
NÀOB\E AOBNLXE
53:

535
4.3 NÀOB\E AOBNLXE
E Nàobue Aobnlse (mgreveotl NA) hg`g hg`pgolotl hurrahuner oe Lmuheâèg ml Kgvlos l
Emuntgs sl aoslrl oe årle ml Naobueblos, slomg ml breoml a`pgrtäohae eg plràtar g

ehlssg eg ùomg bngdenazemg l tlhognøbahg hg` u` heråtlr cgrètavg, gu slke, g
eprlomazemg etrevás mg lxlrhàhag me hamemeoae l me pertahapeâèg l` sghalmeml. Á
a`pgrteotl senaloter qul e DOHH (DTEXAN, 4:56) sublrl qul g tredenfg hg` e NA l` sene
ml eune slke rlenazemg oe plrsplhtave mg Aobnës hg`g nàobue creohe.
Xlbuomg e DOHH (DTEXAN, 4:56),
Y...P g lstumg me nàobue aobnlse pgml pgssadanater e tgmgs g ehlssg egs sedlrls
naobuàstahgs olhlssårags pere lobeke`lotg l pertahapeâèg, hgotraduaomg pere
g eblohae`lotg hràtahg mgs lstumeotls l pere g lxlrhàhag me hamemeoae etave,
ená` ml e`pnaer es pgssadanamemls ml aotlreâèg l `gdanameml, edraomg ogvgs
plrhursgs ml hgostruâèg ml hgoflha`lotgs l ml hgotaouameml ogs lstumgs.
(DTEXAN, 4:56, p. 4=5).
4.3.5 NÀOB\E AOBNLXE OE LKE; @\N]ANL]TE@LO]G L

@\N]AH\N]\TENAMEML
Eg aobrlsser oe lshgne, g(e) lstumeotl me LKE kå trez hgosabg u` hgoflha`lotg

sghaghunturen l plrhlpâèg ml ùomg. Eg mlslovgnvlr es etavamemls lshgnerls, få u`
eprgcuome`lotg tlørahg l `ltgmgnøbahg pere qul lnl hgosabe essaàner gs

ùntanltre`lotgs,
ùntanltre`lotgs, l` lsplhaen g nltre`lotg mabaten, qul cez pertl mg slu hgtamaeog.
Gs ùntanltre`lotgs euxanae` g(e) lstumeotl e mlslovgnvlr uè hratahameml qul g

pgssadanate rlenazer uè hgùoaheâèg lcahalotl l` u` ogvg amagè qul, slbuomg e DOHH
mg Losaog Cuome`loten, tl` breoml a`pgrtäohae og mlslovgnva`lotg mg slr fuèog,
plràtaomg sue aoslrâèg l` u` ùomg bngdenazemg l tlhognøbahg.
E NA oèg á eploes u` aostru`lotg ml hgùoaheâèg gu u` `lag plng quen e treosàssèg
ml `loseblos á rlenazeme. Lne á u` aostru`lotg ml aotlreâèg sghaen. Hlrte`lotl,
eprlomlr gutrg amagè edrl pgrtes l gclrlhl `lnfgrls hgomaâüls ml l`prlbg. Xedl`gs
qul e equasaâèg ml uè nàobue á ùatg èas qul assg, trete-sl ml hgoflhlr ogvgs
ùomgs qul `lxl` hg` e cgrè ml ploser mg(e) lstumeotl, e`pnae sue hepehameml
534
hgboatave, nlve-g e ploser l` heàofgs maclrlotls l e eprlomlr ogves huntures. Á sear me

zgoe ml hgocgrtg l vlr qul få ùatg nå cgre e slr mlshgdlrtg.
\` pgsahagoe`lotg a`pgrteotl qul mlvl slr tgèmg mlotrg me lshgne á `gstrer qul
"uè nàobue essa` oèg cahe etrlneme e uè ûoahe hunture" (NLCCE, 4::5, p. 4), `gstreomg
qul mlvl`gs lster etlotgs ê mavlrsameml hunturen lspenfeme plng ùomg,
praohapen`lotl l` peàsls qul cene` e NA gu e utanaze` l` e`dalotls prgcassagoeas.
Eprlomlr e NA, praohapen`lotl hg` g usg ml tlhogngbaes, plràtl qul g(e) lstumeotl
slke `gtavemg l pgsse aotlrebar hg` hgnlbes ml hnessl, hgùoameml lshgner, tredenfg l
sghalmeml, utanazeomg g hgoflha`lotg emquaramg l` sene ml eune. Xlbuomg Xanve (4:5<),
e sene ml eune me LKE á uè sene ml eune maclrlohaeme. Gs(es) lstumeotl
lstumeotlss me LKE „lsterèg
`gtavemgs e eprlomlr ml ehgrmg hg` olhlssamemls l aotlrlssls qul e eprlomazebl`
setascerå l` sues vames‐ (XANSE, 4:5<, p. =1). G(E)

G(E) lstumeotl me LKE prlhase lotlomlr
qul g eprlomazemg me NA tl` breoml a`pgrtäohae pere sue vame, slomg heme vlz èas
aomasplosåvln ê gdtloâèg ml uè vebe ml tredenfg l treteme hg`g nàobue creohe eg slr
utanazeme hg`g `lag ml hgùoaheâèg ùomaen.
Gs e`dalotls ml ùntanltre`lotg l ùntahunturenameml, `lohagoemgs eotlragr`lotl,

cuome`lote`-sl oe plrsplhtave sghagaotlrehagoaste vybgtsiaeoe qul epgae-sl l` mgas
esplhtgs; pra`larg, e naobuebl` á eâèg l aotlreâèg l, pgrteotg, rlspenmeme ou`
hgokuotg me pråxas fuèoe ‘
fuèoe ‘ hg`prllosèg
hg`prllosèg l prgmuâèg ml louohaemgs greas l lshratgs,
tremuzamgs l` lshute, cene, nlature l lshrate9 slbuomg, e naobuebl` á emquarame teotg plne
utanazeâèg me nàobue l` sa, queotg plne plrhlpâèg mgs hgotlxtgs ml usg l` satueâüls
mavlrses (SQBG]XIQ, 4::1).
Olsse plrsplhtave, ehgotlhl u` mlsnghe`lotg me hg`prllosèg ml saboacahemg, eotls

etraduàmg e sabogs edstretgs, pesseomg ebgre e slr lotlomamg e pertar ml uè rlneâèg l`
qul g aomavàmug lstedlnlhl lotrl es aocgrèâüls rlbastremes l` sue `lotl l gs
hgotlxtgs pgr lnl plrhldamgs. Mlsse cgrè, á og pneog aotlrsudkltavg qul ehgotlhl e
eprlomazebl` lovgnvlomg trghe ml lxplraëohaes lotrl es plssges, queomg få u`
hfgqul ml hgohlatgs l rlenamemls ‘

‘ lxplraëohae lsse qul hrae e hgoshaëohae hràtahe ml
e`dgs gs suklatgs (SQBG]XIQ, 4::1).
538
4.3.4 SENGTA[EÂÈG ME NÀOB\E AOBNLXE OG LX]EMG ML ZLTOE@D\HG
Og Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg, g losaog ml NA tl` eu`lotemg sue a`pgrtäohae ogs ûnta`gs
4: eogs. Ená` mes eunes ml Aobnës gclrlhames og fgrårag rlbuner ml losaog, uè gpâèg
sèg gs Oûhnlgs ml Lstumgs ml Nàobues (mgreveotl OLN) l` cuohagoe`lotg
cuohagoe`lotg mlsml 5161 l
lspenfemgs pgr tgmg g Lstemg. Gs OLN gclrlhl` hursgs ml mavlrsgs amagès pere tgmgs
gs(es) lstumeotls me rlml lstemuen qul quaslrl` e`pnaer slus hgoflha`lotgs. Gs(es)
lstumeotls me LKE pgml` crlquloter es eunes mlssls oûhnlgs l bereotar e equasaâèg ml
u` ogvg amagè ml cgrè èas eprgcuomeme l hg` lxhlnlotl oàvln ml quenameml.
4.3.8 HG@ZL]ËOHAEX LXZLHÀCAHEX ML NÀOB\E AOBNLXE ZETE G LOXAOG

C\OME@LO]EN
Emgteomg lssls prlssupgstgs l enaofemg ês hg`pltëohaes blreas prlvastes olstl

mghu`lotg, g losaog me NA gdkltave bereotar g mlslovgnva`lotg mes slbuaotls
hg`pltëohaes lsplhàcah
lsplhàcahes;
es;
5. Amlotacaher g nuber ml sa l g mg gutrg l` u` ùomg pnuranàobul l ùntahunturen,

rlcnltaomg, hratahe`lotl,
hratahe`lotl, sgdrl hg`g e eprlomazebl` me Nàobue Aobnlse hgotradua pere e
aoslrâèg mgs suklatgs og ùomg bngdenazemg, aohnusavl og qul hgohlrol eg ùomg mg
tredenfg.
4. Hgùoaher-sl, oe Nàobue Aobnlse, pgr `lag mg usg veraemg ml naobueblos l` `àmaes

a`prlsses gu mabateas, rlhgoflhlomg-e hg`g clrre`lote ml ehlssg eg hgoflha`lotg, ml
e`pnaeâèg mes plrsplhtaves l ml pgssadanamemls pere e hg`prllosèg mgs vengrls l
aotlrlssls ml gutres huntures l pere g lxlrhàhag mg prgtebgoas`g sghaen.
8. Amlotacaher saàneramemls l maclrloâes lotrl e Nàobue Aobnlse l e nàobue ètlroe/gutres

nàobues, ertahuneomg-es e esplhtgs sghaeas, huntureas l amlotatårags, l` rlneâèg aotràoslhe
lotrl nàobue, hunture l amlotameml.
=. Lnedgrer rlplrtørags naobuàstahg-mashursavgs me Nàobue Aobnlse, usemgs l` maclrlotls

peàsls l pgr brupgs sghaeas mastaotgs mlotrg ml u` `ls`g peàs, ml `gmg e rlhgoflhlr
e mavlrsameml naobuàstahe hg`g marlatg l vengrazer gs usgs fltlrgbëolgs, fàdramgs l
ùnta`gmeas l`lrblotls oes sghalmemls hgotl`pgräoles.
53=
<. \tanazer ogves tlhogngbaes, hg` ogves naobueblos l `gmgs ml aotlreâèg, pere
plsquaser, slnlhagoer, hg`pertanfer, pgsahagoer-sl l prgmuzar slotamgs l` pråtahes ml
nltre`lotg oe Nàobue Aobnlse, ml cgrè átahe, hràtahe l rlspgosåvln.
3. Hgoflhlr maclrlotls petra`ýoags huntureas, ètlraeas l aètlraeas, macuomamgs oe

Nàobue Aobnlse, hg` vastes eg lxlrhàhag me cruaâèg l me e`pnaeâèg ml plrsplhtaves og
hgotetg hg` maclrlotl
maclrlotlss èoaclsteâ
èoaclsteâüls
üls ertàstahg-huntureas.
E pertar mg hgohlatg me NA hg`g nàobue creohe, á lsplreme uè edgrmebl` qul lstaùnl
e eutgogàe l g prgbrlssg mg(e) lstumeotl etrevás ml eveoâg hgotàoug l sastlètaz
sastlètazemg
emg
e pertar mes aotlrvloâül
aotlrvloâülss prgpgstes plng prgclssgr. Lstl mghu`lotg lstå grbeoazemg l`
laxgs qul mlvl` bereotar es hgomaâüls pere g mlslovgnva`lotg mes fedanamemls
naobuàstahes ml grenameml (cene l lshute), nlature l lshrate, ma`losèg aotlrhunturen l
hgoflha`lotgs naobuàstahgs.
Olsse plrsplhtave, g losaog mlvl hgnedgrer pere mlslovgnvlr hg`pltëohaes qul vèg
ená` ml nlr, aotlrprlter l rlsgnvlr prgdnlès. G laxg me Grenameml
Grenameml á
á desteotl e`png l
lovgnvl es pråtahes ml naobuebl` hg` cghg oe hg`prllosèg l oe prgmuâèg gren, hg` gu
sl` hgotetg gnfg e gnfg. Ogs laxgs Nlature l Lshrate
Lshrate sèg edgrmemes pråtahes ml
naobuebl` mlhgrrlotls me aotlreâèg mg nlatgr hg` g tlxtg lshratg l es rlsplhtaves
pråtahes ml prgmuâèg tlxtuen.
G laxg Hgoflha`lotgs Naobuàstahgs

Naobuàstahgs plràtl nabeâèg hgotàoue hg` gs gutrgs laxgs;
Grenameml, Nlature, Lshrate l Ma`losèg aotlrhunturen. Lssl laxg sublrl etavamemls ml

eoånasl l ml rlcnlxèg sgdrl g usg l cuohagoe`lotg me nàobue l` tlxtgs l hgotlxtgs
mavlrsgs, hgosamlreomg g epra`gre`lotg mg(e) lstumeotl hg`g guvaotl, ceneotl, nlatgr,
lshratgr l prgtebgoaste.
G ûnta`g laxg, Ma`losèg Aotlrhunturen,

Aotlrhunturen, surbl me hg`prllosèg ml qul es huntures,
lsplhaen`lotl e sghalmeml mabaten hgotl`pgräole, lstèg l` hgotàoug prghlssg ml
aotlreâèg l rlcgrùneâèg lotrl brupgs ml plssges
p lssges ml huntures mavlrses. Få, olssl laxg,
uè hgotraduaâèg pere g mlslovgnva`lotg mgs(es) lstumeotls oes sues ma`losüls
càsahes, aotlnlhtueas l ecltaves, g qul pgssadanate uè `lnfgr etueâèg mlssls(es)
lstumeotls oe hgostruâèg ml uè sghalmeml èas kuste l aohnusave.
53<
Es fedanamemls `lohagoemes eotlragr`lotl sèg hgosamlremes cuome`loteas pere qul

gs(es) lstumeotls slke` hepezls ml vavlr l eprlomlr, sgnuhagoer prgdnlès, tgèr
mlhasüls, hgnedgrer, erbu`loter l ploser hg` hraetavameml l hratahameml. G
mlslovgnva`lotg mlsses fedanamemls hgotremaz g losaog qul fastgrahe`lotl locetazeve

rlbres breètaheas l vghedunårag sl` cezlr olofuè rlneâèg hg` satueâüls ml
hgùoaheâèg lcltaves oe cgrè ml maclrlotls bëolrgs.
533

532
Nàobue Aobnlse - Eogs Caoeas

CAOEAX
EOGX CAOEAX
ZTÅ]AHEX ML \OAMEMLX GDKL]GX ML FEDANAMEMLX LKE ZL

NAOB\EBL@ ]L@Å]AHEX HGOFLHA@LO]G
5
3
6
Hgostruâèg ml neâgs (LCLKEECNA:5ZL) Hgnlter l sghaenazer aocgrèâüls mg brupg,

ecltavgs l hgovàvag sghaen plrbuoteomg l
l rlspgomlomg sgdrl e ce`ànae, gs eàbgs, e lshgne l e
hgùoameml, mlotrl gutrgs tlès.
Grenameml Aotlreâèg
mashursave
Cuoâüls l usgs me Nàobue (LCLKEECNA:4ZL) Xgnahater lshnerlha`lotgs l` Nàobue Aobnlse sgdrl
aobnlse l` sene ml eune g qul oèg
oèg lotlomlu l g saboacahemg ml penevres gu lxprlssüls
(Hnessrgg` neobuebl) mlshgoflhames, utanazeomg lxprlssüls dåsahes l rgtaolares me
hgùoaheâèg lshgner; „Fgw mg ygu sey ‖ V‑ ao Lobnasf7‐, ‐Tlplet,
pnlesl‐ mlotrl gutres.
Olbghaeâèg ml slotamgs (LCLKEECNA:8ZL) Cezlr usg me Nàobue Aobnlse pere rlsgnuâèg ml èn-

(LCLKEECNA:8ZL) Cezlr
(èn-lotlomamgs og usg me lotlomamgs, làssèg ml gpaoaüls l lshnerlha`lotg ml aocgrèâüls
lotlomamgs,
Nàobue Aobnlse l hgocnatg ml pgr `lag ml peråcresls gu kustacahetaves, hgosamlreomg gs lnl`lotgs
gpaoaüls) me satueâèg mashursave l` hgotlxtgs cgrèas l/gu aocgrèas
saùnemgs l` sene ml eune.
(LCLKEECNA:=ZL) Lxpngrer g usg ml rlhursgs naobuàstahgs (cresls

(LCLKEECNA:=ZL)
\sgs ml rlhursgs aohg`pnltes, flsateâüls, lotrl gutrgs) l perenaobuàstahgs (blstgs,
aohg`pnltes,
naobuàstahgs l lxprlssüls cehaeas, lotrl gutrgs) l` satueâüls ml aotlreâèg gren,
Grenameml Aotlreâèg perenaobuàstahgs og rlsplateomg gs aotlrvengs me cene l g lclatg mg usg mgs èrhemgrls
mashursave aotlrhä`dag gren hgovlrsehagoeas.
5
3
1
Cuoâüls l usgs me Nàobue (LCLKEECNA:<ZL) Aotlrebar l` satueâüls ml aotlrhä`dag gren pere

Aobnlse; hgovavëohae l rlenazer es
es etavamemls, ml cgrè rlsplatgse l hgnedgretave, trgheomg
hgnedgreâèg l` sene ml amlaes, lobekeomg-sl l` draohemlares l kgbgs, graloteomg-sl e pertar

eune ml hgèomgs l aostruâüls.
Lotrlvastes aomavamueas gu (LCLKEECNA:3ZL) Lnedgrer plquloes lotrlvastes pere hgoflhlr es

hgnltaves fastøraes ml vame mgs hgnlbes,
hgnlbes, hgosamlreomg es herehtlràstahes mg
bëolrg tlxtuen l` qulstèg, mlotrl lnes e naobuebl` oèg vlrden.
Lstretábaes ml (LCLKEECNA:2ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, hg` g epgag ml penevres hgboetes l

hg`prllosèg ml tlxtgs pastes mg
mg hgotlxtg mashursavg, g essuotg l es aocgrèâüls praohapeas
greas; penevres hgboetes l l` tlxtgs greas sgdrl tlès rgtaolargs.
pastes mg hgotlxtg
mashursavg
Lstretábaes
hg`prllosèg mlml
tlxtgs (LCLKEECNA:6ZL)
hg`prllomlr tlxtg @gdanazer
tlxtg gren. hgoflha`lotgs právags pere
Hg`prllosèg greas; hgoflha`lotgs
hgoflha`lotgs
Grenameml gren právags
5
2
:
Hg`prllosèg ml tlxtgs (LCLKEECNA:1ZL) Amlotacaher g hgotlxtg, e caoenameml, g essuotg l gs
gs
greas ml huofg mlshratavg aotlrnghutgrls l` tlxtgs greas prlslotls og haolè, oe aotlrolt, oe
gu oerretavg tlnlvasèg, lotrl gutrgs.
Hg`prllosèg ml tlxtgs (LCLKEECNA5:ZL) Hgostruar g slotamg bngden ml tlxtgs greas

(LCLKEECNA5:ZL)
greas, ùnta`gmeas, ml
greas, ùnta`gmeas, ml
ml huofg aocgrètavg/kgroenàstahg, rlnehagoeomg sues
huofg pertls, g essuotg praohapen l es aocgrèâüls rlnlveotls.
aocgrètavg/kgroenàstahg
Hg`prllosèg ml tlxtgs (LCLKEECNA55ZL)

LCLKEECNA55ZL) Hg`paner es amlaes-hfevl ml tlxtgs pgr `lag ml
greas, ùnta`gmeas, ml tgème ml ogtes.
huofg erbu`lotetavg
(LCLKEECNA54ZL) Amlotacaher pgsahagoe`lotgs mlclomamgs l

Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs greas,
rlcutemgs l` tlxtgs
tlxtgs greas sgdrl tlès ml aotlrlssl sghaen l hgnltavg.
hg` e `lmaeâèg mg
prgclssgr
(LCLKEECNA58ZL) Hgostruar, l` Nàobue Aobnlse, oerretaves greas sgdrl

cetgs, ehgotlha`lotgs l plrsgoenamemls èrheotls mg pessemg, l`
cetgs,
Grenameml ä`datg ùomaen, oehagoen l nghen.
5
2
5
Zrgmuâèg gren
(LCLKEECNA5=ZL) \tanazer rlhursgs l rlplrtørags naobuàstahgs
eprgpraemgs pere
pere aocgrèr/hgùoaher/cener mg cuturg; pneogs,
prlvasüls, pgssadanamemls l prgdedanamemls.
Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs greas

hg` eutgogàe
hg` (LCLKEECNA5<ZL) Lxpgr rlsuntemgs ml plsquase gu lstumg hg` g
(LCLKEECNA5<ZL)
epgag ml
ml rlhursgs, teas hg`g ogtes, bråcahgs, tedlnes, lotrl gutrgs,
emlqueomg es lstretábaes ml hgostruâèg mg tlxtg gren egs gdkltavgs
ml hgùoaheâèg l eg hgotlxtg.
(LCLKEECNA53ZL) Cgrùner fapøtlsls sgdrl e caoenameml ml u` tlxtg

Fapøtlsls sgdrl e l` Nàobue
Nàobue Aobnlse, hg` desl l` sue
s ue lstruture, grbeoazeâèg tlxtuen,
caoenameml ml u` tlxtg hgotlxtg ml prgmuâèg l lnl`lotgs bråcahgs.
Hgostruâèg ml slotamgs pgr

`lag ml aoclrëohaes l (LCLKEECNA52ZL) Aoclrar aocgrèâüls l rlneâüls qul oèg eperlhl`
(LCLKEECNA52ZL) Aoclrar
rlhgoflha`lotg
rlhgoflha`lo tg ml ml `gmg
`gmg lxpnàhatg l` tlxtgs vlrdeas l/gu oèg vlrdeas.
a`pnàhatgs
Nlature Lstretábaes ml
nlature
5
(LCLKEECNA56ZL) Amlotacaher g essuotg ml u` tlxtg, rlhgoflhlomg g
(LCLKEECNA56ZL) Amlotacaher
2
4 bëolrg l sues plhunaeramemls, slu hgotlxtg, sue grbeoazeâèg tlxtuen
Hg`prllosèg blren l l penevres hgboetes.
lsplhàcahe; nlature råpame
(sia`àob, sheooaob) (LCLKEECNA51ZL) Nghenazer aocgrèâüls blreas l lsplhàcahes l` u`
tlxtg.
(LCLKEECNA4:ZL) Eotlhaper g slotamg bngden ml tlxtgs l` Nàobue

Aobnlse pgr
pgr aoclrëohaes, hg` desl l` nlature råpame, gdslrveomg
tàtungs, pra`lares l ûntaès cresls ml peråbrecgs l penevres-hfevl
rlpltames.
(LCLKEECNA45ZL) Amlotacaher e(s) aocgrèâèg(üls)-hfevl ml pertls

ml u` tlxtg
tlxtg l` Nàobue Aobnlse (peråbrecgs) etrevás mgs rlhursgs
vlrdeas l oèg vlrdeas oe prgmuâèg ml slotamg mg
m g tlxtg.
Lstretábaes ml (LCLKEECNA44ZL) Amlotacaher rlhursgs ml plrsuesèg (lshgnfe l kgbg

nlature ml penevres,
penevres, usg ml hgrls l aèblos, teèofg ml nltres) utanazemgs
Tlhursgs ml plrsuesèg ogs tlxtgs pudnahatårags l ml prgpebeome, hg`g lnl`lotgs ml
Nlature
hgovloha`lotg.
Tlhursgs ml erbu`loteâèg (LCLKEECNA48ZL) Mastaobuar cetgs ml gpaoaüls l` tlxtgs

5
2
8
erbu`lotetavgs me me lsclre kgroenàstahe9 teas hg`g; ertabg ml gpaoaèg,
herte mg nlatgr, rlhneèâèg, lmatgraen, prgpebeome lth.
Zråtahes ml Hgostruâèg ml rlplrtørag (LCLKEECNA4=ZL) Lxpngrer e`dalotls vartueas l/gu epnahetavgs pere
nlature l nlxahen l eutgogàe nlatgre hgostruâèg gu e`pnaeâèg ml rlplrtørag nlxahen oe Nàobue Aobnlse.
hgostruâèg ml
rlplrtørag nlxahen
(LCLKEECNA4<ZL) Tlnehagoer es pertls ml u` tlxtg (peråbrecgs) pere

Hgostruâèg mg slotamg hgostruar slu slotamg bngden, amlotacaheomg es rlneâüls nøbahg-
hgostruar
bngden mg tlxtg sl`äotahes l rlhgoflhlomg e cuoâèg mashursave.
Zråtahes ml
nlature l plsquase
Gdkltavgs ml Nlature (LCLKEECNA43ZL) Xlnlhagoer, l` u` tlxtg, e aocgrèâèg mlslkeme

hg`g gdkltavg ml nlature.
hg`g
(LCLKEECNA42ZL) Eprlhaer tlxtgs oerretavgs (hgotgs, rgèohls,

(LCLKEECNA42ZL)
Nlature Zråtahes ml huofg lotrl gutrgs,
Nlature ml tlxtgs ml huofg gutrgs, l` vlrsèg grabaoen gu sa`pnacaheme), hg`g cgrè ml
5
nlature l
l cruaâèg ertàstahg/natlrårag vengrazer g petra`ýoag hunturen prgmuzamg l` Nàobue Aobnlse,
2
= rlhgoflhlomg gs lnl`lotgs ml sue hg`pgsaâèg.
(LCLKEECNA46ZL) Lxpngrer e`dalotls vartueas ml aocgrèâèg l

(LCLKEECNA46ZL)
sghaenazeâèg, eoenaseomg e quenameml l e vlrehameml mes aocgrèâüls
sghaenazeâèg,
vlahunemes l` bëolrgs mabateas.
Zråtahes ml Aocgrèâüls l` e`dalotls
e`dalotls
nlature l ogves vartueas
tlhogngbaes
(LCLKEECNA41ZL) Lxpngrer e`dalotls vartueas l/gu epnahetavgs, pere
ehlsser l
l usucruar mg petra`ýoag ertàstahg-natlrårag l` Nàobue
Aobnlse.
Nlature ml tlxtgs mabateas (LCLKEECNA8:ZL) Lshgnflr, l` e`dalotls vartueas, tlxtgs l` Nàobue

pere lstumg Aobnlse, ml cgotls hgocaåvlas l mavlrsacahemes, pere
Aobnlse,
lstumgs/plsquases lshgnerls.
Etatumls l
maspgsaâüls
cevgråvlas mg (LCLKEECNA85ZL) Zertahaper ml trghe ml gpaoaüls l aocgrèâüls
nlatgr Zertanfe ml nlature sgdrl tlxtgs
tlxtgs namgs oe sene ml eune gu l` gutrgs e`dalotls,
rlhgoflhlomg l rlsplateomg pgsahagoe`lotgs mastaotgs.
Nlature
(LCLKEECNA84ZL) Eoenaser, hratahe`lotl, g hgotlûmg ml tlxtgs,

hg`pereomg maclrlotls plrsplhtaves eprlslotemes sgdrl u`
hg`pereomg
5
2 `ls`g essuotg.
<
Evenaeâèg mgs Tlcnlxèg pøs-nlature
tlxtgs namgs
(LCLKEECNA88ZL) Hg`pertanfer,
(LCLKEECNA88ZL) Hg`pertanfer, hg` gs hgnlbes, e nlature mgs tlxtgs
lshratgs plng brupg, vengrazeomg gs maclrlotls pgotgs ml vaste
lshratgs
mlclomamgs, hg` átahe l rlsplatg.
Zneolke`lotg mg tlxtg; (LCLKEECNA8=ZL) Grbeoazer amlaes, slnlhagoeomg-es l` cuoâèg me

grbeoazeâèg ml amlaes lstruture l
l mg gdkltavg mg tlxtg.
Zrá-lshrate; pneolke`lotg
(LCLKEECNA8<ZL) Zneolker e prgmuâèg me lshrate ml tlxtgs l` cuoâèg
ml prgmuâèg lshrate, hg`
mg hgotlxtg (pûdnahg,
(pûdnahg, caoenameml, neygut l supgrtl).
`lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr
Lstretábaes ml
lshrate; prá- Lshrate; grbeoazeâèg l` (LCLKEECNA83ZL) Grbeoazer g tlxtg l` uoamemls ml slotamg,
lshrate peråbrecgs gu tøpahgs, hg` mavamaomg-g l`
l` peråbrecgs gu tøpahgs l sudtøpahgs, lxpngreomg es
`lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr pgssadanamemls ml grbeoazeâèg bråcahe, ml supgrtl l ml cgrètg e ca`
ml etlomlr ê grbeoazeâèg tlxtuen mg bëolrg l` cghg.
Nlature
5
(LCLKEECNA82ZL) Zrgpgr pgtlohaeas erbu`lotgs pere lxpgr l
2
3
Lshrate; hgostruâèg me mlclomlr pgotg
pgotg ml vaste l` tlxtg lshratg, rlcnltaomg sgdrl g tlè
erbu`loteâèg prgpgstg l plsquaseomg memgs, lvamëohaes l lxl`pngs pere sustloter
gs erbu`lotgs, grbeoazeomg-gs l` slquëohae nøbahe, hglrlotl l
Lstretábaes ml
ml hglse.
lshrate
(LCLKEECNA86ZL) \tanazer rlhursgs vlrdeas l oèg vlrdeas pere
Lshrate; hgostruâèg me
me hgostruâèg me
me plrsuesèg l` tlxtgs me lsclre pudnahatårae, ml cgrè
plrsuesèg emlqueme eg hgotlxtg ml harhuneâèg (prgmuâèg l hg`prllosèg),
rlvaseomg l rllshrlvlomg gs tlxtgs.
(LCLKEECNA81ZL) Evenaer e prøprae prgmuâèg lshrate l e ml hgnlbes,

hg` desl
desl og hgotlxtg ml hgùoaheâèg (caoenameml l emlqueâèg eg
Lstretábaes ml pûdnahg, hgotlûmg e slr hgùoahemg, grbeoazeâèg tlxtuen, nlbadanameml
lshrate; lshrate l Tlvasèg ml tlxtgs hg` e l lstruture ml cresls).
pøs-lshrate `lmaeâèg mg prgclssgr
(LCLKEECNA=:ZL) Tlhgostruar g tlxtg, hg` hgrtls, ehrásha`gs,

Nlature rlcgrùneâüls l
l hgrrlâüls, pere epra`gre`lotg, lmaâèg l pudnaheâèg
caoen.
(LCLKEECNA=5ZL) Zrgmuzar tlxtgs lshratgs l` Nàobue Aobnlse (fastøraes

5
l`
l` quemraofgs, hertezls, hfets, dngbuls, eblomes, cgtgnlblomes,
2
2 lotrl gutrgs), sgdrl sa `ls`g, sue ce`ànae, slus eàbgs, slus bgstgs,
Lshrate sues prlclrëohaes l rgtaoes, sue hgùoameml l slu hgotlxtg lshgner.
ls hgner.
Zråtahes ml Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs
lshrate lshratgs, l` cgrètgs
mavlrsgs, hg` e `lmaeâèg
(LCLKEECNA=4ZL) Zrgmuzar tlxtgs mavlrsgs sgdrl cetgs,
mg prgclssgr
ehgotlha`lotgs l l plrsgoenamemls mg pessemg (naofe mg tl`pg/
ta`lnaols, dagbrecaes, vlrdltls ml lohahngpámaes, dngbuls, mlotrl
gutrgs), rlvaseomg l rllshrlvlomg gs tlxtgs ml ehgrmg hg` gs
prgpøsatgs hgùoahetavgs.
(LCLKEECNA=8ZL) Zrgmuzar tlxtgs (hg`lotårags l` cøruos, rlnetgs

plssgeas, `loseblos aosteotäoles, twllts, rlpgrteblos, fastøraes ml
plssgeas,
cahâèg, dngbuls, lotrl gutrgs), hg` g usg ml lstretábaes ml lshrate
(pneolke`lotg, prgmuâèg ml reshuofg, rlvasèg l lmaâèg caoen).
Zråtahes ml Zrgmuâèg ml tlxtgs lshratgs
lshrate hg` `lmaeâèg mg
Nlature prgclssgr/hgnlbes (LCLKEECNA==ZL) Zrgmuzar tlxtgs

go-naol, cgtgrrlpgrteblos,
go-naol, (aocgbråcahgs,
he`peofes cøruos`l`ls,
pudnahatåraes, ml mashussèg
lotrl
gutrgs) sgdrl tlès ml aotlrlssl hgnltavg nghen gu bngden, qul rlvlnl`
pgsahagoe`lotg hràtahg, locetazeomg g pneolke`lotg (e rlvasèg, e
rllshrate l gs prgpøsatgs hgùoahetavgs.
5
2
6
Hgostruâèg mg slotamg (LCLKEECNA=<ZL) Tlnehagoer es pertls ml u` tlxtg (peråbrecgs) pere
Lshrate bngden mg tlxtg hgostruar slu slotamg bngden, amlotacaheomg es rlneâüls nøbahg-
hgostruar
sl`äotahes l rlhgoflhlomg e cuoâèg mashursave.
Zråtahes ml
nlature l plsquase
Gdkltavgs ml Nlature (LCLKEECNA=3ZL) Xlnlhagoer, l` u` tlxtg, e aocgrèâèg mlslkeme
hg`g gdkltavg ml nlature.
hg`g
(LCLKEECNA=2ZL) Hgostruar rlplrtørag nlxahen rlnetavg e vlrdgs

Hgoflha`lotgs rlbunerls l
l arrlbunerls (cgrès og pessemg), prlpgsaâüls ml tl`pg
Hgostruâèg ml rlplrtørag
Naobuàstahgs (ao, go, et) l hgolhtgrls (eom, dut, dlheusl, tflo,sg, dlcgrl, ectlr,
nlxahen lotrl gutrgs).
Hgostruâèg ml rlplrtørag (LCLKEECNA=6ZL) Hgostruar rlplrtørag nlxahen rlnetavg e pneogs,

nlxahen prlvasüls l
l lxplhtetaves pere g cuturg.
(LCLKEECNA=1ZL) Tlhgoflhlr e prgoûohae ml vlrdgs rlbunerls og

Zrgoûohae pessemg (-lm), amlotacaheomg es veraåvlas ml sgogrameml pere lsse
tlràoeâèg (/t/,/m/ l /am/).
Hgoflha`lotgs Lstumg mg náxahg (LCLKEECNA<:ZL) Amlotacaher g heråtlr pgnassëàhg ml penevres ml

Naobuàstahgs Zgnasslàe ehgrmg hg` g
g hgotlxtg ml usg, rlhgoflhlomg gs lclatgs ml slotamg
mlhgrrlotls me lshgnfe mg vghedunårag.
5
2
1 Cgrèâèg ml penevres; (LCLKEECNA<5ZL) Tlhgoflhlr sucaxgs l prlcaxgs
p rlcaxgs hgùos utanazemgs oe
prlcaxgs l sucaxgs cgrèâèg ml penevres l` Nàobue Aobnlse, eoenaser e sue
cgrèâèg
cuohagoenameml.
(LCLKEECNA<4ZL) \tanazer cgrès vlrdeas mg cuturg pere mlshrlvlr

Slrdgs pere aomaher g
pneogs l
l lxplhtetaves l cezlr prlvasüls.
cuturg
(LCLKEECNA<8ZL) Tlhgoflhlr, ogs bëolrgs mabateas (dngbuls,

`loseblos aosteotäoles, twllts, lotrl gutrgs), gutres cgrès ml
`loseblos
\sgs ml naobuebl` l` lshrate (edrlvaeâèg ml penevres, penevres hg` hg`daoeâèg ml nltres l
`lag mabaten; „aotlroltë
`lag s‐
„aotlroltës‐ oû`lrgs, pahtgbreès, sà`dgngs bråcahgs, l`prásta`gs naobuàstahgs l
lstreoblaras`gs, lotrl gutrgs) oe hgostatuaâèg mes `loseblos l sues
Lstumg mg náxahg cuoâüls.
(LCLKEECNA<=ZL) \tanazer emlqueme`lotl hgolhtgrls aomahemgrls ml

emaâèg, hgomaâèg, gpgsaâèg, hgotrestl, hgohnusèg l sàotlsl hg`g
emaâèg,
Hgolhtgrls
euxanaerls mes rlneâüls nøbahg-mashursaves oe hgostruâèg me
(naoiaob wgrms)
Hgoflha`lotgs erbu`loteâèg l aotlohagoenameml.
5
6 Naobuàstahgs
:
(LCLKEECNA<<ZL) \tanazer g prlslotl mg aomahetavg pere amlotacaher es
Zrlslotl sa`pnls l plssges mg
mg mashursg (vlrdg tg dl l mlèas vlrdgs) l mlshrlvlr rgtaoes
hgotàoug (cgrès maåraes.
ecarètave, olbetave l
Eoånasl aotlrrgbetave) (LCLKEECNA<3ZL) \tanazer g prlslotl hgotàoug pere mlshrlvlr eâüls
Naobuàstahe l`
l` prgbrlssg l` mavlrses satueâüls hgtamaeoes.
(LCLKEECNA<2ZL) Tlhgoflhlr g usg mg a`plretavg ecarètavg l

(LCLKEECNA<2ZL)
olbetavg l` louohaemgs ml etavamemls, hgèomgs, aostruâüls l
A`plretavg
saboacahemgs ml ehgrmg hg` g hgotlxtg.
Hesg bloatavg (‖s) (LCLKEECNA<6ZL) Mlshrlvlr rlneâüls ml perlotlshg l/gu pgssl, pgr
`lag mg
mg usg ml epøstrgcg (‑) + s.
s.
(LCLKEECNA<1ZL) L`prlber, ml cgrè hglrlotl, gs emkltavgs

Emkltavgs pgsslssavgs pgsslssavgs ml
ml ehgrmg hg` g hgotlxtg eprlslotemg.
Zessemg sa`pnls l hgotàoug (LCLKEECNA3:ZL) \tanazer

(LCLKEECNA3:ZL) \tanazer g pessemg sa`pnls l g pessemg hgotàoug
(cgrès ecarètave, pere prgmuzar
prgmuzar tlxtgs greas l lshratgs, `gstreomg rlneâüls ml
olbetave l aotlrrgbetave) slquëohae l heusenameml etrevás ml hgolhtgrls rlclrlotls eg tlè,
teas hg`g; „dlheusl‐ (heusenameml) „ectlr, tfet‐ l „tflo‐
Hgoflha`lotgs Eoånasl (slquëohae).rlclrlotls eg tlè, teas hg`g; „dlheusl‐ (heusenameml)
5
6 Naobuàstahgs Naobuàstahe „ectlr, tfet‐ l „tflo‐ (slquëohae).
(slquëohae).
5

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Zeung Floraqul Xereave Hä`ere

Nuhaeoe Derdgse ml Gnavlare Xeotgs

XLHTL]ÅTAG ML LM\HEÂÈG L LXZGT]LX

@erhlng Eomreml Dlzlrre Derrgs

XLHTL]ÅTAE LVLH\]ASE ML MLXLOSGNSA@LO]G ME LM\HEÂÈG

Eoe Hglnfg Salare Xlnve

XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML ZNEOLKE@LO]G L HGGTMLOEÂÈG

Nlgoermg Äoblng ml Xguze Xeotgs

XLHTL]ÅTAE LVLH\]ASE ML LM\HEÂÈG ZTGCAXXAGOEN

@erae ml Ereûkg @lmlargs Xguze

XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML EM@AOAX]TEÂÈG L CAOEOÂEX

Ene`ertaol Clrrlare ml Hervenfg

XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML BLX]ÈG ML TLML

Kgèg Herngs ml Haotre Hfere`de

XLHTL]ÅTAG LVLH\]ASG ML LXZGT]LX

Malbg Zgrtg Zárlz

MATL]GTAE LVLH\]ASE \OMA@L/ZL BLX]ÈG 4:45-4:48

Oeteoeln Kgsá me Xanve

Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Dlná` ml @erae

Eomrlaie Esslilr E`ereotl

Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Aberessu

XLHTL]ETAE ML HGGTMLOEÂÈG ]ÁHOAHE

Creohashg Kgsá E`gra` ml Dratg

Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Apgkuhe

Zeung Tgdlrtg Xguze Xanve

Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Gnaome

Hánag Nlgoln me Xanve

Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml ]ehea`dø

XLHTL]ETAE ML EXX\O]GX K\TÀMAHGX

Znàoag Kgsá ml E`gra` Oltg

Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg ml Zltrgnaoe

Ravaeool Cgoslhe me Xanve En`lame

Marablotl @uoahapen ml Lmuheâèg Ecgbemgs me Aobezlare

5.6 Evenaeâèg me, pere l hg`g eprlomazebl` - evenaeâèg oe LKE ..................................83

Nàobue Zgrtubulse - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NE

4.=.2 Tlclrëohaes ..............................

=.4. Haëohaes .............................................

Haëohaes - Eogs Caoeas (GTBEOA[EMGT H\TTAH\NE

E Xlhrlterae ml Lmuheâèg l Lspgrtls ml Zlroe`duhg (XLL-ZL), l` perhlrae hg` e \oaèg

lnedgrer l/gu rlvaser mghu`lotgs hurrahunerls prøprags qul vase` etlomlr es

Tlsunteotl ml u` prghlssg rlcnlxavg ml hgostruâèg hgnltave, g quen hgotgu hg` `eas ml

Ogsse trekltørae ml hgostruâèg hurrahuner rl`gote eg eog ml 4:54, queomg cgre`

Hgoteomg hg` maclrlotls lstretábaes, g prghlssg ml hgostruâèg dushgu slr mavlrsg l

gdkltgs ml aotlrvloâèg oe sene ml

Lsplre`gs, mlste cgr`e, qul lstl Hurràhung, hgosteotl`lotl (rl)eprgpraemg plne

@erhlng Eomreml Dlzlrre Derrgs Oeteoeln Kgsá me Xanve

5.5 E HGOX]T\ÂÈG MG H\TTÀH\NG ML ZLTOE@D\HG ZETE E

G mghu`lotg tl` grabl` og Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg pere g Losaog Cuome`loten, g

Og dgkg mlsses prgmuâüls, u` `erhg a`pgrteotl á e Nla ml Marltrazls l Desls me

Og ä`datg mg Lstemg ml Zlroe`duhg, pgml-sl `lohagoer e Hgnlâèg Zrgclssgr Herngs

pgrteotg, oèg hgotl`pnessl e LKE hg`g `gmenameml, lsse prgpgste hurrahuner

G rlsplatg l e vengrazeâèg me mavlrsameml mgs etgrls lovgnvamgs og prghlssg lmuhehagoen

Hgocabureomg ogvgs eveoâgs oe hgostruâèg me pgnàtahe hurrahuner og Lstemg, cgre`

Gutrg sentg quenatetavg mlhgrrl me fg`gngbeâèg me DOHH (Lmuheâèg Aoceotan l Losaog

Hg`g rlsuntemg mlssl prghlssg edreoblotl l prgbrlssavg ml (rl)lnedgreâèg hurrahuner,

`gmenameml, `etlraenazemes l` hg`pltëohaes l fedanamemls pere heme hg`pgolotl

Zere qul lstl mghu`lotg etlomlssl, ml cetg, gs eoslags mgs(es) prgclssgrls(es) l

E pra`lare ltepe mg prghlssg sl mlu hg` g Mae M mg Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog

Kå oe tlrhlare ltepe, lotrl gs `lsls ml sltl`drg l gutudrg ml 4:51, cgre` rlenazemgs

Zgr ca`, epøs e eoånasl l e aohgrpgreâèg mes hgotraduaâüls prgvloalotls me hgosunte

]gme lsse hgostruâèg hgnltave l mavlrsacaheme prltlomlu lotrlber ê sghalmeml u`

Essa`, lstl mghu`lotg hurrahuner, ogrtlemg, praohapen`lotl, plngs praohàpags me

L` sàotlsl, g Hurràhung ml Zlroe`duhg mg Losaog Cuome`loten pere e Lmuheâèg ml

5.4 U\L@ XÈG GX X\KLA]GX ME LM\HEÂÈG ML KGSLOX L EM\N]GX7