CO2operation Instruction (Xem Tu Trang 86)

2MCL607+2BCL356/A 离心压缩机使用说明书 100.
1151H1151 SY
第 1 页共 190 页
目录
Contents
目录/Contents..........................................................................................................................1
前言/Preface............................................................................................................................ 3
第 1 章概述/Breif Introduction..................................................................................................... 13
1.1 离心压缩机说明/Instruction..............................................................................................13
1.2 机组主要资料/Main document..........................................................................................14
1.3 离心压缩机数据表（见附件一）/Data sheet (refer to annex1)...................................... 17
1.4 离心压缩机性能曲线（见附件二）/Performance curve (refer to annex2) ................. 17
第 2 章离心压缩机本体结构介绍/ Introduction of Compressor Body....................................... 18
2.1 离心压缩机型号的意义/Meaning of Compressor Model.................................................18
2.2 离心压缩机定子及其组成/Stator..................................................................................... 19
2.3 转子/Rotor..........................................................................................................................24
2.4 支撑轴承/Axial bearing..................................................................................................... 27
2.5 止推轴承/Thrust Bearing...................................................................................................29
2.6 轴端密封/Shaft End Seal................................................................................................... 30
2.7 联轴器/Coupling................................................................................................................ 31
2.8 联轴器护罩 Coupling Guard............................................................................................. 33
2.9 底座/Baseplate................................................................................................................... 33
2.10 轴振动、轴位移/Shaft vibration、Shaft Displacement..................................................33
第 3 章离心压缩机安装/Installation............................................................................................ 36
3.1 离心压缩机基础/Foudation...............................................................................................36
3.2 离心压缩机安装和灌浆 Installation and Grouting...........................................................36
3.3 找正与联接/Alignment and Connection............................................................................43
第 4 章离心压缩机的操作/Operation.......................................................................................... 62
4.1 启动之前要采取的措施/Preparation before Starting-up.................................................. 62
4.2 启动/Start up...................................................................................................................... 65
4.3 运行期间监督/Supervising during Operation................................................................... 68
4.4 正常停机/Regular Turnoff................................................................................................. 71
4.5 不正常停机（跳闸停机）/irregular shut down................................................................77
4.6 运动期间的故障/Fault during Operation.......................................................................... 78
4.7 长期运行前的准备/Preparation before long-time running............................................... 81
4.8 不运行期间的维护/Maintenace during shut down........................................................... 82
第 5 章离心压缩机维修 Maintenance......................................................................................... 86
5.1 维修说明/Maintenance Instruction.................................................................................... 86
5.2 检查一览表 Inspection List............................................................................................... 87
5.3 压缩机在运转中的故障排除 Fault Resolution during Operation ................................ 87
5.4 维修要点/Maintenance Key Points....................................................................................91
5.5 组装说明/Assembly Instruction.......................................................................................119
5.6 安装在压缩机上的调节装置和仪表的拆、装/Assembling and disassembling of Control
沈阳鼓风机（集团）有限公司
2MCL607+2BCL356/A 离心压缩机使用说明书 100.1151H1151 SY
第 2 页共 190 页
device and instruments......................................................................................................... 121

5.7 离心压缩机运输的防护措施/ Protective Measures for Compressor Delivery……… 123
5.8 干气密封拆卸/Disassembling of Dry Gas Seal...............................................................124
5.9 机壳束紧/Tighten bolts on the Casing ........................................................................... 124
第 6 章备件说明书/Spare Parts Instruction................................................................................123
6.1 定购部件说明/Directions of Order Components............................................................ 123
6.2 备件的长期储存/Spare Parts Longterm Storage.............................................................124
6.3 危险！/Caution.............................................................................................................. 125
6.4 零件返修/Parts Repair..................................................................................................... 125
第 7 章润滑油系统/Lube Oil Syetem...........................................................................................128
第 8 章气体冷却器、分离器/Cooler and Separator.................................................................. 143
第 9 章变速器/Gearbox............................................................................................................ 150
9.1 用途/Application.............................................................................................................. 150
9.2 变速器结构特征的概述/Brief Introduction of Gearbox Structure................................. 150
9.3 变速器的安装、调整、试车 Installation、Adjustmet and Running of Gearbox..........153
9.4 操作/Operation................................................................................................................. 157
9.5 维护/Maintenance............................................................................................................ 165
第 10 章自控系统说明/Directions of Control System............................................................... 171
第 3 页共 190 页
前言
Preface
该操作说明书用于熟悉2MCL607+2BCL356/A离心压缩机装置和应用该
压缩机装置的工程技术人员。
This instruction is used in acquainting engineers and technicians who will
manipulate 2MCL607+2BCL356/A centrifugal compressor with the installation.
操作说明书包括如何安全地，合适地、经济地使用该压缩机装置的重要
资料。遵照说明书将有助于避免对机组的危害，减小修理费用和维修次数，提
高了该压缩机装置的可靠性和使用寿命。
This instruction contains how to saftily、propertily and economically use the
important documents of this compressor. It will help to avoid damaging the unit、
reduce repair expenses and number of times and increase reliability and operation
life.
当压缩机正在运转时，这些操作说明书不能替代操作人员的现场培训。如
果要求的话，我们可以在合同基础上为此目的提供一名培训工程师。
As compressor is in operation，this instruction could not substitute for training.
If customers have training requirement，SBW could provide a training engineer
based on the contract requirement.
责任：我们将不承担由于操作错误和操作人员对装置故障不当处理使机组
受到损伤的责任。
We will not take the responsibility due to mistaking operation and improper
第 4 页共 190 页
fault treatment by operator。
注意：该压缩机只能按照资料表规定的操作工况进行工作，不在资料表中
规定的操作工况，例如超出最大的容许容量或者太小的流量（脉动输出）导致
机组的损伤，我们将不承担责任。
Note: The compressor can only work according to the operating conditions
specified in the datasheet, and we will not assume the responsibility for operating
conditions not specified in the datasheet, e.g. damage to unit caused by exceeding
maximum allowable capacity or too small flow (impulse output).
小心：机组资料表规定的操作工况是该设备的设计基础。已知操作数据的
修改必须在起动之前由沈阳鼓风机股份有限公司检查，认可。所规定的进口压
力可以短期超过10%。在瞬间操作条件期间这可能发生，在压缩机机组启动和
停止期间可以看到。
Caution：The operation condition specified in datasheet of unit should be come
the designing foundation of this equipment. Before modifying the given data，SBW
must review and confirm it. The specified inlet pressure could exceed 10% in short
period，which may occur during the period of instant operation conditions ，and
during the period of starting up and shutting down the compressor unit.
操作说明书必须时时在装置现场上可以找到。
This instruction must be available at equipment site at any time.
负责操作该压缩机装置的所有个人在承担他们的职责之前，必须阅读和应
用操作说明书。只有已经受到适当培训或者熟悉该压缩机的工作人员方可允许
操作该压缩机装置。
第 5 页共 190 页
All the personnels who take charge of operating this equipment must read and
apply this instruction before they assume their responsibility. Only the personnels
who have received training and familiar with this instruction are permitted to
operate this compressor equipment.
除该操作说明书和在用户国家内有约束力事故预防规程外，应该遵照通用
的可接受的安全和职业标准。
In addition to this instruction and the binding accident prevention regulations
applying to user country, the general and acceptable safety and occupational
standards should be followed.
沈阳鼓风机股份有限公司提供给你一个强大，快速的售后服务网络。关于
进一步资料和协助，请写信给你就近的沈阳鼓风机股份有限公司办事处或直接
写信给中国沈阳鼓风机股份有限公司。在要求报价或订购备件时，请在订单中
给出机器代号。
Shenyang Blower Works Group Co. Ltd. can provide a strong and fast after
sales service network. For further data and assistance, please contact the Office of
Shenyang Blower Works Group Co., Ltd. near you or directly contact with
Shenyang Blower Works Group Co., Ltd. When requiring for quotation or
subscribing spare parts, please specify the machine code in the order.
1、用途和使用 Purpose and Usage
该压缩机装置用于压缩操作说明书内规定的气体并仅仅压缩这些气体。不
允许任何其它的使用。制造厂对于由此所产生的任何损伤不能承担责任。用户
自己应承担该风险。
第 6 页共 190 页
The compressor equipment is applied for gases specified in the Operation
Instructions for Compressor and only for compressing these gases, not for other
purposes. The manufactory shall not assume responsibility for any damage caused
herein.
产品的使用还应包括遵照本操作说明书（资料表）中指出的规定的操作数
据，以及给出的检查和检修条件！
The use of the product also shall comply with the specified operation data in
the Operation Instructions (datasheet), as well as the specified inspection and
overhaul conditions.
2、组织措施 Organization Measures
2.1 该压缩机装置具有与可接受的安全规程相一致的现代化设计。但是，在它
的使用期间，危险可能会危及使用者的生命或肢臂、第三者、或损伤该机器及
其它的设备。
2.1 The compressor equipment has modern design identical with acceptable safety
regulation. However, during the use period, it may endanger life or arms and legs of
the user, the third person, or damage the machine and other equipment.
因此：只有设备状态完好时，才使用该压缩机装置，并用于设计目的（见
第2章），同时还须考虑安全预防措施和危险情况及遵照该操作说明书！以特
别可靠的方式消除可能影响安全性的故障！不遵照安全说明，可视为放弃任何
补偿或全部权利。
Therefore, only when the equipment status is sound, can the compressor equipment
be utilized, and for design purpose (See Chapter 2), meanwhile, the safety
第 7 页共 190 页
prevention measures, danger condition and compliance with the Operation
Instructions shall be considered, to eliminate the faults that may affect the safety in
reliable mode! The incompliance with the Operation Instructions may be deemed to
waive any compensation or all rights.
2.2 除了操作说明书外，应遵照或执行通常适用的法律规定和其它有约束力的
事故预防规程。
Except the Operation Instructions, the general applicable law specification and other
accident prevention regulations with binding force shall be followed or
implemented.
这类要求也可能涉及诸如危险材料的搬运或者制作可行的不易损坏的防
护设备。
The requirements may be involved with carrying the dangerous material or
fabricating feasible and durable protection equipment.
2.3 该操作说明书应由买方补充考虑有关操作特点的说明（例如，关于作业组
织，作业顺序，人员调度）；
The buyer shall additionally consider the descriptions on relevant operation
characteristics (e.g. on operation organization, operation order, personnel dispatch)
in the Operation Instructions;
2.4 必须监督工作人员按照操作说明书所涉及到的安全预防措施进行操作，避
免在危险状况工作；
The working personnel must be supervised to operate according to the safety
prevention measures related to the Operation Instructions, and prevented from
第 8 页共 190 页
working under dangerous condition.
2.5 压缩机装置的任何安全和危险情况应要现场测量；
Any safety and dangerous condition of the compressor equipment shall be measured
at the site.
2.6 压缩机上整套警示符号必须保持清楚，易于识别；
The complete set of warning symbols on compressor must be kept clear, easy to be
identified.
2.7 可能影响压缩机装置安全及性能变化必须向制造厂和本厂管理人员报告；
The possible influence to compressor equipment safety and performance change
must be reported to manufactory and management personnel of the manufactory.
2.8 在没有事先同制造厂商议下，对于该压缩机装置的任何改变或者增设是不
允许的；
Without prior negotiation with manufacturer, any change or addition of the
compressor equipment are not allowed.
2.9 备件必须符合制造厂制造的技术要求。本制造厂供货的备件才能保证这一
点；
Spare parts must conform to technical requirements manufactured by the
manufactory. The spare parts supplied by the manufactory can guarantee this point.
2.10 不允许对任何程控设备作程序改变；
Do not allow changing the program of any programmable control equipment!
2.11 液压软管必须在规定的期间或在适时情况下更新，既使看不到可能影响
安全性的任何缺陷；
第 9 页共 190 页
The hydraulic hose must be renewed in specified period or proper time, even if any
defect that may affect the safety can not be observed;
2.12 必须遵守操作说明书关于重复试验所规定或指出的期间；
The time specified or indicated for repeated test in the Operation Instructions must
be observed.
2.13 在所要求的程度和按照规程要求，应提供防护设备并应给出它的使用的
说明；
According to requirement extent and specification requirements, the protection
equipment shall be provided and instructions for use shall be provided!
2.14 遵照火灾检测和消防规定；
Observe fire test and fire prevention specifications.
2.15 通告工作人员灭火器位于何处和如何使用它们。
Inform the working personnel of the place for extinguisher and how to use them.
3、工作人员资格和人员培训
Qualification for Working Personnel and Personnel Training
3.1 必须使用经过培训合格的操作人员操作该压缩机装置；请遵守最小年龄规
定！
The compressor equipment must be operated by operation personnel qualified
through training; and the minimum age specification shall be observed.
3.2 只可以使用培训过的或已熟悉该压缩机装置的工作人员，应清楚地拟定工
作人员在操作、装配、维护和修理上的责任！
Only the working personnel having been trained or familiar with the compressor
第 10 页共 190 页
equipment can be employed, and responsibilities of working personnel for operation,
assembly, maintenance and repair shall be proposed clearly!
3.3 如果工作人员没有达到所必需的熟练程度，他们必须接受训练和教育。这
种培训和教育可在制造厂或供货方进行。货主—经营者也必须保证所有工作人
员已完全了解整个操作说明书。
If the working personnel do not meet the required familiarity extent, they must
accept training and education which can be conducted in the manufactory or
supplier. Consigner-operator must guarantee that the working personnel have
completely understood the whole Operation Instructions.
3.4 必须确保只有被指定工作责任的工作人员在该压缩机装置上工作或者可以
出入它的危险区。
It is required to guarantee that only the working personnel with designated work
responsibility can work on the compressor equipment or enter or go out of the
dangerous area.
3.5 机器操作者的责任应特别制定，使机器操作人员能拒绝特别是来自第三方
的同安全预防措施相反的指令！
It is necessary to particularly specify responsibility system of the machine operators,
to make them be able to refuse the instructions opposite to the safety prevention
measures particularly from the third party
3.6 在有经验的人的监督下，操作压缩机装置才可以雇佣经受过培训、教育、
熟悉或一般培训的人员！
Under the supervision of one experienced personnel, can the familiar or generally
第 11 页共 190 页
trained personnel through training, education be employed for the compressor
equipment.
3.7 在电气装置或公用设备上的工作必须由技术熟练的电气人员或者按照电气
规程在熟练的电气人员的指导和监督下进行！
The work for electric equipment or public equipment must be carried out by the
electric personnel who are familiar with technology, or under instruction and
supervision of electricians according to the electric specification!
3.8 气体工程设备（气体消耗装置）上的工人应由技术熟练的专家进行！
The workers for gas engineering equipment (gas consumption device) shall be
carried out by experts with familiar technology.
3.9 只有具有液压方面特别知识和经验的人员可以被指定作液压设备上的工
作！
Only the personnel with special knowledge and experience on the hydraulic can be
designated to do work on hydraulic equipment.
3.10 工作人员一定不要留长发，穿松散的衣服或戴珠宝，首饰！
The working personnel are not allowed to have long hair, wear loose clothes or
jewelry, ornaments.
3.11 在承担起他们的工作之前，指定在该压缩机装置上工作的人员必须阅读操
作说明书，并特别关注有关安全预防措施的章节。当他们已经正在执行他们的
职责，就太迟了！这特别适用于在该压缩机装置上工作的人员，例如在装配，
维护期间。
Before undertaking their work, the personnel designated to work on the compressor
第 12 页共 190 页
equipment must read the Operation Instructions, and pay special attention to
sections on safety prevention measures. It is particularly applicable for personnel
working on the compressor equipment, e.g. during assembling and maintenance
period.
4、使用者注意事项 Cautions for User
4.1 当机器正在运行时，与运动部件相接触的保护装置一定不要取下。
When the machine is operating, the protection device contacted with the operating
parts must be taken down.
4.2 当压缩机运转时，如压缩的气体漏泄，任何危险的气体必须安全地处置，
这种处置必须对于任何人员或环境不产生危害。
When the compressor is operating, if the compressed air leaks, any dangerous gas
must be disposed safely, and the equipment shall not cause harm to any personnel or
environment.
4.3 当该机在完全停机后，机器的维护和修理工作才可以进行。关机时，必须
严格地遵照该压缩机在操作说明书中规定的关机程序。
After the equipment completely stops, the maintenance and repair of the machine
can be conducted. When stopping the machine, the stop procedure for the
compressor specified in the Operation Instructions must be complied strictly.
4.4 在开始进行维护或修理工作之前，对于危害键康的机器输送气体必须适当
地去除。
Before starting maintenance or repair, the gas harmful to health, supplied from
machine must be removed properly.
第 13 页共 190 页
4.5 维护或修理任务完成后，必须立即重装或重启动所有安全和防护装置。
After completing maintenance or repair task, all safety and protection equipment
must be immediately reinstalled or restarted.
4.6 压缩机机组不允许在较短时间内频繁启动，特别是不允许在停机后立即启
动，否则，过大的冲击会损害联轴器及转子轴头！
The compressor unit is not allowed to be started frequently in short time,
particularly not allowed to be started immediately after stop; otherwise, over large
impact may impair coupling and rotor shaft head!
第 1 章概述
1.1 离心压缩机说明 Description of Centrifugal Compressor
该压缩机组是为越南国家化学总公司（煤头）化肥项目配套的二氧化碳离
心压缩机，压缩机型号为 2MCL607＋2BCL356/A。
The compressor unit is designed and manufactured as a complete set for
fertilizer project of Vietnam National Chemical Corporation. The model of this
compressor is 2MCL607+2BCL356/A.
原动机为杭州汽轮机股份有限公司设计制造的抽汽冷凝式汽轮机，其型号
为 NK40/45/60，汽轮机为单出轴结构，机尾端与低压缸 2MCL607 相连，低压
缸通过变速机和高压缸 2BCL356/A 相连。
The prime mover is condensing type steam turbine manufactured by Hangzhou
Steam Turbine Co., Ltd and model is NK40/45/60.The structure of this stream
第 14 页共 190 页
turbine is single output-shaft ， end side is connected with low pressure
cylinder2MCL607 which is connected with high pressure cylinder 2BCL356/A
through variator.
汽轮机、低压缸、变速机、高压缸均通过叠片扰性联轴器联接，三个叠片
扰性联轴器均由沈阳申克工程有限公司制造。
The stream turbine、low pressure cylinder、vairator and high pressure cylinder
are connected by flexible laminated membranes coupling which is manufactured by
Shenyang Shenke Engineering Co., Ltd.
汽轮机、低压缸、变速机和高压缸公用一个底座。
The stream turbine、low pressure cylinder、vairator and high pressure cylinder
are arranged on the same steel base.
压缩机组的平衡盘密封采用峰窝密封。2BCL356/A 高压缸的轴端密封采用
约翰克兰公司的干气密封。
The balancing drum seal of this compressor unit adopt beehive seal，and end
shaft seal of 2BCL356/A high pressure cylinder adopt dry gas seal from John Crane.
整个机组采用润滑油站集中供油。
Oil station would supply oil for the whole compressor unit.
1.2 机组主要资料：Main Documents of Compressor Unit
1.2.1 压缩机组设计工况：Designed Working Condition of Compressor Unit

工况正常工况额定工况
working Condition Nomal Condition Rate working condition
介质/Media 二氧化碳/carbon dioxide 二氧化碳/carbon dioxide
第 15 页共 190 页
标准流量 Nm3/h
28110 29600
3
Standard flow Nm /h
平均分子量 Mol.w
43.54 43.54
Molecular weight
进口压力 MPa(A)
0.13 0.13
Inlet pressure
进口温度℃
26 26
Inlet temperature
出口压力 MPa(A)
15.8 16.2
Output pressure
出口温度℃
118.7 118.8
Output temperature
轴功率 KW
7265 7618
Shaft power
转速 r/min
7618/12218 7661/12287
Speed
1.2.2 法兰、动力特性及重量参数/Flange Dynamic Characteristics and Weight
Parameter
2MCL607 2BCL356/A
型号 II 段 III 段 IV 段
I段
Model Second Third Forth
First section
section section section
进口法兰尺寸
DN600 DN450 DN150 DN100
Inlet flange size
压力等级 MPa(A)
5 5 15 15
Pressure grade
第 16 页共 190 页
方向向下向下向下向下
Drection Downward Upward Downward Upward
出口法兰尺寸
DN450 DN350 DN150 DN100
Outlet flange size
压力等级 MPa(A)
5 5 15 15
Pressure grade
方向向下向下向下向上
Direction Downward Upward Downward Upward
机组外形尺寸：profile dimension
LXBXH： 13650X5200X4200
单位
2MCL607 2BCL356/A
Unit
第一节挠曲临界转速
First stage flexible r/min 3765 7445
critical speed
第二节挠曲临界转速
Second stage flexible r/min 9707 17344
critical speed
转子质量
kg 1126 202
Rotor weight
压缩机本体质量
kg 25800 9058
Compressor weight
机组最大维修件质量 kg 13000 5500
机组最大件起吊质量 kg 14500 8000
第 17 页共 190 页
1.2.3 运动方式/Mode of Movement
汽轮机、低压缸、变速机、高压缸之间采用叠片挠性联轴器连接传动。
1.2.5 原动机：汽轮机/Primer：Steam Turbine
型式：抽汽冷凝式
型号： NK40/45/60
1.3 离心压缩机数据表（见附件一）
Datasheet for Centrifugal Compressor（See Attachment I）
1.4 离心压缩机性能曲线（见附件二）
Performance Curve of Centrifugal Compressor
第 18 页共 190 页
第 2 章离心压缩机本体结构介绍 /Performance Curve of
/Performance
Centrifugal Compressor
2MCL607+2BCL356/A 压缩机是一种多级离心式压缩机。压缩机主要由定
子(机壳、隔板、密封、平衡盘密封、轴端密封) 、转子(轴、叶轮、隔套、平
衡盘、轴套、半联轴器等)及支撑轴承、推力轴承等组成。
The 2MCL607+2BCL356/A centrifugal compressor is a kind of multi-stage
centrifugal compressor, and with shell of horizontal splitting type. The compressor
mainly consists of stator (shell, clapboard, seal, balance disc seal), rotor (shaft
impeller, spacer bush, balance disc, shaft sleeve, half coupling), as well as steady
bearing, thrust bearing, shaft end seal, etc.
2.1 离心压缩机型号的意义/ Meaning of Compressor Model

本产品机型为 2MCL607+2BCL356/A，分低压缸和高压缸。
The product is of 2MCL456+2MCL408 type, with low and high pressure
cylinders.
低压缸 2MCL607，机壳均为水平剖分式结构，共 7 级叶轮，分 2 段，一、
二段叶轮背靠背布置，全部叶轮的名义直径为 600mm。
The low pressure cylinder2MCL607 is horizontal splitting structure ， with
7stages impeller，arranged in two sections of compression against to each other，
nominal diameter of impeller is 600mm.
高压缸 2BCL356/A 机壳为垂直剖分结构，共 5 级叶轮，分 2 段，四、五
段叶轮背靠背布置，四段叶轮的名义直径为 355mm，四段为 300mm。气体经
第 19 页共 190 页
三段压缩和冷却后，继续进行第四段的压缩而达到出口压力状态。
The high pressure cylinder 2BCL356/A is vertical splitting structure ， with
5stages，arranged in two sections of compression and the forth section against the
fifth section，the nomial diameter of the forth section impeller is 355mm and the
forth section is 350mm.
After the third section compressing and condensing，gas continue to be compressed
acrossing the forth section and then upto the output pressure condition.
2.2 离心压缩机定子及其组成/ Stator of Centrifugal Compressor and Its

Composition
2.2.1 机壳/Casing
低压缸：2MCL607 低压缸的机壳，根据合同规定，采用钢板焊接制成。
机壳在水平中分面分成上、下两半。用螺栓将上、下半机壳紧固在一起。为了
具有良好的密封性，机壳法兰中分面要精加工。下半机壳中分面可加工成向外
是倾斜的，其斜度一般为 0.2‰。在下机壳中分面上亦可铣密封槽，再涂上密
封胶，也具有良好的密封性。
The casing of the product adopts steel plate welding structure, and is separated
into lower and upper sections on the level middle split surface of the casing, which
are fastened with bolts. To ensure good tightness, we conduct fine processing for
flange on middle split surface of the casing. The lower section of casing is
processed to be inclined outward, with an inclination angle of generally 0.2‰. In
order to provide good sealing performance ， seal groove could be milled on the
middle surface of lower casing and using seal gum.
第 20 页共 190 页
在下机壳水平中分面的四角处，有四个螺孔用来安装导杆。导杆在装拆上
机壳时起导向作用，保证在装卸上机壳时不致碰坏机壳内的密封和转子。
At four corners of level middle split surface of the lower shell are respectively
provided with one screw hole with guide rod, and each guide rod has one ring, to
exert guide effect when installing and removing the upper shell, to guarantee that
the seal and rotor will not be damaged in the shell when installing and removing
upper shell.
在下机壳法兰中分面处向两侧伸出四个支脚，或在下机壳轴承箱处向两端
伸出四个支脚，将压缩机支在机座上。
The flange on the lower shell middle splitting surface of compressors is
provided with four outriggers extending to two sides, to support the compressor on
the stand.
一般在机壳的两个支脚上，有横向键槽，是为压缩机轴向定位用，对于
2MCL 型压缩机，在第一段和第二段进气管外侧，用于机器的横向定位。这些
键能防止机壳移动，保持机器的良好对中，并能适应因温度变化而引起机壳热
膨胀变形。
There are transverse key slots for axial orientation of compressor on two
supports where the shell is close to the input side coupling; for 2MCL compressor,
there are two vertical keys (guide keys) at external sides of the first section and
second section of inlet pipes, for transverse positioning of machine. These keys can
prevent shell displacement, keep good alignment of machine, and can suit the hot
expansion deformation caused by temperature change.
第 21 页共 190 页
轴承箱和下机壳连成一体而成，这种结构可增加机壳的刚性。轴承箱和密
封室之间用迷宫密封和油封隔开。根据需要密封室内可装迷宫密封。轴承上盖
是可拆卸的，在检查轴承时，只要拆掉轴承上盖即可，不必拆卸压缩机机壳。
The bearing box and lower shell are connected as a whole, and such structure
can increase rigidity of shell. The bearing box and sealing chamber are separated in
maze seal. According to the need, the sealing chamber can be provided with maze
seal. The bearing box cap is dismountable. When inspecting the bearing, only to
remove bearing box cap and bearing cover, and the compressor shell is unnecessary
to be removed.
压缩机的进、出气管焊在下机壳上。它们的位置均垂直向下。对应每一段
机壳的底部有一个排污孔，用于排出压缩机运转时产生的冷凝液。
The inlet and outlet pipes of the compressor are welded on the lower casing, of
which the positions are vertical and downward. There is one mudhole corresponding
to bottom of each section of casing, for condensate discharged from compressor.
高压缸：2BCL356/A 高压缸机壳采用锻造筒体结构，两个进出口风筒均为
锻造结构，锻后两个焊于筒体的下部，；另外两个排气法兰通过螺栓紧固在筒
体上。在筒体的两端是两个锻造端盖，用螺栓紧固在筒体上。
机壳垂直剖分，用螺栓将两侧的端盖和机壳紧固在一起。为了具有良好的
密封性，机壳端面要精加工，端面上铣密封槽，密封槽内下“O”型胶圈，具
有良好的密封性。
在机壳端面的上半部，每侧有两个装导杆的螺孔，导杆在装拆端盖时起导
向作用，并保证在装卸端盖时不致碰坏机壳内的密封和转子。
第 22 页共 190 页
在机壳筒体的两侧伸出四个猫爪，将压缩机支在底座支腿上。
在机壳驱动侧的两个猫爪上，有横向导向键，是为压缩机轴向定位之用。
同时，在机壳风筒体外侧有两个立键，用于机器的横向定位。这些键能防止机
壳的移动，保持机器的良好对中，并能适应因温度变化而引起机壳热膨胀变形。
轴承箱和端盖连成一体，这种结构可增加机壳的刚性。轴承箱和密封室之
间用迷宫密封隔开。密封室内装干气密封。轴承上盖是可拆卸的，在检查轴承
时，只要拆掉轴承上盖即可，不必拆卸压缩机机壳。
2.2.2 隔板
隔板的作用是把压缩机每一级隔开，将各级叶轮分隔成连续性流道，隔板
相邻的面构成扩压器信道，来自叶轮的气体通过扩压器把一部分动能转换为压
力能。隔板的内侧是迥流室，气体通过迥流室返回到下一级叶轮的入口。迥流
室内侧有一组导流叶片，可使气体均匀地进到下一级叶轮入口。
The effect of clapboard is to separate each stage of compressor, separate
impeller of each stage into continuous flow passage, and surfaces of neighboring
clapboards consist of diffuser passage, and gas from the impeller can convert the gas
from the diffuser into pressure energy. The inner side of clapboard is diverting flow
chamber, through which, air returns to inlet of next stage of impeller. The inner side
of diverting flow chamber is provided with a set of diversion vanes, which can make
air enter into the next stage of impeller inlet evenly.
隔板从水平中分面分为上、下两半。隔板和机壳靠止口配合，各级隔板靠
止口依次嵌入机壳中。上隔板用沉头螺钉固定在上机壳上。但不固定死，使之
能绕中心线稍有摆动，而下隔板自由装到下机壳上。考虑到热膨胀，隔板水平
第 23 页共 190 页
中分面比机壳水平中分面稍低一点。
The clapboard is divided into upper and lower half from the level middle
splitting surface. The clapboard and shell or clapboard and clapboard are
coordinated through spigot, and clapboards of all stages are embedded into the shell
(clapboard) through spigot in sequence. The upper clapboard is fixed on the upper
half shell (or upper half clapboard) with sunk screw, but shall not be fixed firmly, to
make it swing slightly with central line, while the lower clapboard is freely installed
on lower shell. In consideration of heat expansion, the middle level splitting surface
of clapboard is slightly lower than that of the shell.
2.2.3 级间密封/ Sealing between stages
2MCL607+2BCL356/A 压缩机级间密封采用迷宫密封，在压缩机各级叶轮
进口圈外缘和隔板轴孔处，都装有迷宫密封，以减少各级气体回流。迷宫密封
一般是采用铝合金制成，用铝合金这种较软的材料主要是为了避免损坏轴套和
叶轮。
The sealing between stages for 2MCL607+2BCL356/A compressor adopts
maze seal, and maze seal is provided at outside edge of impeller inlet ring at all
levels and inner hole of clapboard, to reduce circumfluence of all-stage air. The
maze seal is generally made of aluminum alloy, such flexible material, mainly for
preventing from damaging shaft bush and impellers.
为避免由于热膨胀而使密封变形，发生抱轴事故，一般将密封体做成带有
L 形卡台，密封齿为梳齿状，密封体外环上半用沉头螺钉固定在上半隔板或机
壳上，但不固定死。外环下半自由装在下隔板或机壳上。
第 24 页共 190 页
To prevent seal deformation due to heat expansion, axle suspension accident,
generally the seal body is made into L shaped clamp block, and seal teeth in
pectinate shape; the upper half outer ring of seal body is fixed on upper half
clapboard or shell with sunken screw, but shall not be fixed firmly. The lower half
outer ring shall be installed on lower clapboard or shell.
对尺寸较大的密封，根据需要切割成两半或四半，而且切口留有一定间隙，
以满足热膨胀的要求。
The large size sealing should be cutted into two pieces or four pieces and keep
notch with some clearance in order to meet expansion requirement.
2.2.4 平衡盘密封/Balance disc sealing
压缩机平衡盘上装有峰窝密封，这是为了尽量减少平衡盘两边的气体泄
漏，减少气体通过密封于机器产生的谐振。
The balance disc of compressor generally is provided with maze seal, to try to
reduce air leakage of balance disc and syntony.
2.3 转子/Rotor
压缩机的转子包括主轴、叶轮、轴套、轴螺母、隔套、平衡盘和推力盘等。
The compressor rotor includes main shaft, impeller, shaft sleeve, shaft nut,
spacer bush, balance disc and trust disc etc.
2.3.1 主轴/Main shaft
压缩机的主轴的主要作用是传递功率，主轴应有一定的刚度和强度。
The main shaft of compressor is used for power transmission, which shall have
a certain rigidity and strength.
第 25 页共 190 页
2.3.2 叶轮/Impeller
叶轮采用闭式、后弯型叶轮。叶轮与轴之间有过盈，并热装在轴上。（具
体请参见压缩机资料表）对较宽的叶轮，如三元流动叶轮、轮盘、轮盖和叶片
三者焊接成整体。对一般宽度叶轮上的叶片往往铣在轮盘上，再把轮盖焊到叶
片上。对较窄的叶轮，焊条伸到弯曲的叶片和轮盖相接处有困难，叶片可铣在
轮盖上。把叶片焊到平坦的轮盘上比较容易。对更窄的叶轮，则采用开槽焊接。
The impeller adopts closed type and backward-inclined type impellers. The
impeller and shaft adopts interference fit and the impeller is thermally installed at
the shaft (key connection may be adopted when necessary). As for the wider
impeller, such as three dimensional impeller, disc, cover and blade should be
welded together. As for the impeller with common width, the blade is milled at the
impeller disk, and then the impeller cap is welded at the blade. As for the narrow
impeller, it is difficult for the welding rod to reach the joint of blade and impeller
cap, thus the blade may be milled at the impeller cap. The three dimensional
impeller adopts three-piece welding, namely that it is formed by welding the
impeller disk, impeller cap and blade together. It is easy to weld the blade at the flat
impeller disk. As for narrower impeller, it adopts groove weld. The above figure is a
three dimensional impeller.
根据 API617 的规定，叶轮做超速试验。
To do impeller overspeed test complied with API617.
2.3.3 隔套/Spacer bush
隔套热装在轴上，它们把叶轮固定在适当的位置上，而且能保护没装叶轮
第 26 页共 190 页
部分的轴，使轴避免与气体相接触。且起导流作用。
The spacer bush is thermally installed at the shaft, which can fix the impeller at
a proper position, and can protect the shaft where impeller is not installed so as to
prevent the shaft from contacting with gas. Moreover, it plays a role of flow
guiding.
2.3.4 轴螺母/Shaft nut
轴螺母主要是起轴向固定作用。如轴向固定叶轮，轴端密封等等。
The shaft nut mainly plays a role of axial restraint, such as axially fixing of
impeller and seal of shaft end etc.
2.3.5 平衡盘/Blance disc
由于在叶轮的轮盖和轮盘上有气体产生的压差，所以压缩机转子受到朝向
叶轮入口端的轴向推力的作用。这种推力一般是由平衡盘来抵消的。
The compressor rotor is under the axial thrust towards the inlet end of impeller
due to the differential pressure produced by the gas on the cap and disk of impeller.
Such thrust is generally balanced out by the balance disc.
对于 2MCL607 压缩机，平衡盘位于两段出口之间。2BCL356/A 压缩机，
设计两个平衡盘，一个位于两段出口之间，另一个位于二段进口的轴端处。平
衡盘的作用是为了使一定量的残余推力作用在止推轴承上，这就保证了转子在
轴向不会有大的串动。
As for 2MCL L607 compressor, the balance disc is arranged between two
sections, but for 2BCL356/A compressor ， one balance disc is arranged between
sections and the other is arranged at the shaft end of second section inlet. The
第 27 页共 190 页
function of the balance disc is to make the residual thrust applied to a thrust bearing
so as to avoid large axial displacement of rotor.
2.3.6 推力盘/Thrust disc
叶轮一开始旋转，就受到指向吸入侧的力，这主要是因为轮盖和轮盘上作
用的压力不同造成推力不等的原因。作用在叶轮上的轴向推力，将轴和叶轮沿
轴向推移。一般压缩机的总推力指向压缩机进口，为了平衡这一推力，安装了
平衡盘和推力轴承，平衡盘平衡后的残余推力，通过推力盘作用在推力轴承上。
Once the impeller begins to rotate, it will receive the force towards to the
suction side due to unbalanced thrust caused by different pressure on the impeller
cap and disk. The axial thrust on the impeller will push the shaft and impeller
axially. The total thrust of general compressor is directed against the inlet of
compressor. In order to balance out the thrust, balance disc and thrust bearing are
installed. The thrust remained after being balanced by the balance disc will be
applied to the thrust bearing through the thrust disc.
2.4 支撑轴承/Steady Bearing

2MCL607+2BCL356/A 型压缩机的支撑轴承，根据合同要求选用可倾瓦轴承。
这种滑动轴承是由油站供油强制润滑，轴承装在机壳两端外侧的轴承箱内。检
查轴承时不必拆卸压缩机壳体（具体用选用轴承型式详见 API617 数据表）
The compressor may adopt a tilting-pad bearing as contract requirement. The
sliding bearings are lubricated forcedly by the oil station, and are
respectively installed in a bearing box at two external ends of the
shell. During inspection of bearing, it is not necessary to remove
the compressor shell (please see API617 Data Sheet for details of
bearing type).
轴承箱进油管路中有流量调节器根据运转时轴衬温
图 2-1 可倾瓦轴承
第 28 页共 190 页
度高低，来调节流量调节器的开度从而控制进入轴承的油量，润滑油进入轴承
后进行润滑并带走产生的热量。
A chock coil is arranged at the oil intake port of bearing box, or a flow
regulator is arranged in the front pipeline to regulate the aperture of chock coil
according the temperature of bushing during operation, or to regulate the valve
opening of flow regulator to control the oil mass entering into the bushing. The
pressure lubrication oil goes into the bushing for lubrication and taking away the
heat produced.
如图 2-1 所示，有五个轴承瓦块，等距地按装在轴承体的槽内，用特制的定
位螺钉定位，瓦块可绕其支点摆动，以保证运转时处于最佳位置。
Tilting pad bearing see 2-1.The tilting-pad bearing is provided with five
bearing pads which are installed in the groove of bearing body with equal spacing,
and are positioned by special bolts. The pads can sway along its pivot to make sure
that it can be at the optimal position during operation.
瓦块内表面浇铸一层轴承合金，由锻钢制造的轴承体在水平中分面分为
上、下两半，用销钉定位螺钉固紧，为防止轴承体转动，在上轴承体的上方有
防转销钉。
The internal surface of pad is cast with a layer of bearing alloy, and the bearing
body made of forged steel is divided into upper and lower parts at the horizontal
spilt which are tightly fixed by positioning screws. Anti-rotating pins are arranged
above the upper bearing body to prevent the bearing body from rotating.
第 29 页共 190 页
2.5 止推轴承 Thrust Bearing

止推轴承根据合同采用金斯伯雷型止推轴承。止推轴承的作用是承受压缩
机没有完全抵消的残余的轴向推力，以及承受齿轮联轴器产生的轴向推力。
根据需要止推轴承箱装在支撑轴承的内侧或 4 3 1 2 5 6
外侧的轴承箱内。
The thrust bearing should adopt Kingsbury
bearing according to the contract. The thrust bearing
is used to bear the residual axial thrust which is not
fully offset by the compressor as well as the axial
thrust produced by a shaft coupling. The thrust
bearing may be arranged at the internal or external
bearing box of steady bearing as required.
According to the requirements of agreement, the 图2-2 金斯伯雷止推轴承

1.油控制块 2.推力瓦块 3.水准块
product adopts the Kingsbury thrust bearing. 4.固定块 5.螺钉 6.销钉
2.5.1 金斯伯雷止推轴承 Kingsbury thrust bearing
金斯伯雷止推轴承（如图 2-2 所示）也是双面止推的，轴承体水平剖分为
上、下两半，有两组止推组件，每组一般有 6 块止推块(特殊系列要多一些)，置
于旋转时推力盘两侧。推力瓦块工作表面浇铸一层轴承合金，等距离的装到固
定环的槽内，推力瓦块能绕其支点倾斜，使推力瓦块均匀的承受挠曲旋转轴上
变化的轴向推力。
Kingsbury thrust bearing (refer to 2-2) is also a double thrust bearing and its
bearing body is horizontally cut into upper and lower parts. This bearing is provided
第 30 页共 190 页
with two sets of thrust elements, and each set is provided with 6 thrust pads (more
thrust pads may re required for special series) arranged at two sides of rotating
thrust disc. The surface of thrust pad is cast with a layer of bearing alloy, and the
thrust pads are arranged in a groove of fixed ring with equal spacing. The thrust pad
can incline along its pivot to make each thrust pad evenly bear the bearing thrust on
the rotating shaft.
这种轴承一般情况下，装有油控制环，其作用是当轴在高速旋转时，可减
少润滑油紊乱的搅动，使轴承损失功率减少。
Generally such bearing is provided with an oil-control ring for reducing the
turbulent stirring of lubrication oil during high-speed rotation of bearing so as to
reduce the wasted power of bearing.
止推轴承的轴向位置，由调整垫调整，调整垫的厚度在装配时配加工。
The axial position of thrust bearing is regulated by a regulating pad whose
thickness is processed during assembly.
2.6 轴端密封/ Seal of Shaft End

轴端密封根据用户的要求级及使用场合的不同可选用不同形式的轴端密
封。如迷宫密封、浮环密封、机械密封，干气密封，抽气密封、充气密封等等。
本压缩机组 2MCL607 采用迷宫密封，2BCL356/A 采用双端面干气密封结构。
Different seals of shaft end may be selected according to the requirements of
users as well as use occasion, such as labyrinth seal, floating-ring seal, mechanical
ring, air-tight seal, air-extracting seal and inflatable seal etc. The product adopts
labyrinth seal. This compressor unit 2MCL607 adopts labyrinth seal, and
第 31 页共 190 页
2BCL356/A adopts double ends dry gas seal.
2.6.1 迷宫密封/ Labyrinth seal

对气体允许外漏的(无毒、不燃烧的气体)轴端密封可采用迷宫密封。
For the gas permitted to leak (nontoxic and nonflammable gas), shaft end seal
could adopt labyrinth seal.
2.6.2 干气密封/Dry gas seal
干气密封是用于离心压缩机的一种新型密封。干气密封可节省运行成本，
排除了不定期的维修，避免了产品的污染(气体被油污染、或者油被气体污染)。
因为没有密封油系统，因此减少了总重量，节省了占地空间。同时停车时不需
要放空，运行时耗功极小，但价格较高。
Dry gas seals is a new paten seals which is applied to centrifugal compressor. It
could save operation cost, eliminate aperiodic maintenance and avoid pollution(gas
pollute oil or oil pollute gas).There is not oil seal system so the gross weight could
be reduced and space could be saved. At same time it no need to vent the
atmosphere as shutdown, only cost little power as oprating. The dry gas seal merely
cost too much.
2.7 联轴器/ Shaft Coupling

联轴器是连接主动轴和被动轴，传递运动和扭距的一种装置，本压缩机中
使用的联轴器为叠片扰性联轴器，下面介绍如下：
Shaft coupling is a device for connecting the driving shaft and driven shaft and
transmitting movement and torque. The shaft coupling used for compressor mainly
adopt flexible laminated membrance coupling. The introduction as follow：
第 32 页共 190 页
2.7.1 叠片扰性联轴器/Flexible Laminated Membrance Coupling
叠片联轴器是在离心压缩机中采用的联轴器的一种，其最大的优点是：重
量轻，综合补偿两轴相对位移的能力强，不需要润滑维护方便。与齿式联轴器
比较，无齿式联轴器的齿侧游隙，轻载启动性能好。
Membrane coupling (see Figure 5) is a kind of coupling used for centrifugal
compressor, and its maximum advantages are light weight, strong capacity to
comprehensively compensate relative movement of two shafts, free of lubrication,
easy maintenance and good performance for light loading startup.
叠片联轴器挠性组件是由一定数量的薄的金属膜片叠合成膜片组，金属膜
片为环形，多边形，束腰形等形式。同一圆上的精密螺栓，交错间隔布置，与
主从动安装盘连接。当机组存在轴向，径向，和角向位移时，膜片产生波状变
形，膜片一部分伸长，另一部分压缩，引起弹性变形，具有较强的综合补偿两
轴相对位移的能力。
Flexible elements of membrane coupling are formed by membrane assembly
which is composed of certain quantity of thin metal membranes. Metal membrane is
of ring type, polygon type, girdling type and etc. Precise bolts on same ring are
arranged with staggered intervals, which are connected with driving and driven
installation discs. When there is axial, radial and angle displacement on the unit,
membrane will generate wave type deformation, one part of membrane is extended
and the other part of membrane is compressed, so elastic deformation is caused.
Membrane is with strong capability for comprehensively compensating relative
displacement of two shafts.
第 33 页共 190 页
2.8 联轴器护罩/ Coupling Protective Cover

联轴器护罩一般由铸造铝合金铸造而成，属于封闭防火花型式，其主要作
用是保护人身安全，防止异物进入联轴器。
The coupling protective cover is generally made of aluminum casting alloy,
and belongs to closed and spark proof type protective cover, which is mainly used
for protecting personnel safety and preventing foreign matter from entering into the
shaft coupling.
2.9 底座/ Seat

压缩机底座有钢板焊接而成，目的是对压缩机，变速箱或主驱动机提供支
撑。卡爪支座焊接到底座上以连接压缩机壳体卡爪（俗称猫爪）。这些卡爪
支座也由钢部件焊制而成。为了操作者的安全，底座框架和机器进气口之间
的自由区域应用网纹钢板盖住。如在合同中无具体规定，这一工作一般由用
户自己进行。
The compressor seat adopts I-shaped steel as its main beam, and other parts
of the seat are welded by steel plate, which is used to provide support for the
compressor. Jaw supports are welded at the seat for connecting the jaws of
compressor shell (commonly known as cat paw). These jaw supports are also
welded by steel parts. For operator’s safety, free area between base plate frame and
machine inlet shall be covered with riffled steel plate. If it is not specified in the
contract, customers do it by themselves.
2.10 轴振动、轴位移/shaft vibration and shaft displacement

2.10.1 轴位移探头/ Axial displacement probe
第 34 页共 190 页
为了监视压缩机转子的轴向位置并在必要时向用户报警（如果合同规
定，也用于齿轮装置的小齿轮和大齿轮轴），在压缩机（齿轮装置）中安装
有轴位移探头。探头按照涡流原理工作并安装在止推轴承侧。如果推力轴承
不工作或轴位移过大，超出报警值，轴位移探头将发出报警，如超出停车值，
压缩机的驱动机可自动停机。
In order to monitor the axial position of compressor rotor and give an alarm
to users when necessary (it may be used for pinion and wheel shaft if it is
regulated contract), an axial displacement probe is installed in the compressor
(gear equipment). The probe operates according to the principle of eddy current
and is installed at the side of thrust bearing. In case the thrust bearing is out of
operation or the axial displacement is over large which exceeds the alarm value,
the axial displacement probe will give an alarm. In case of exceeding the parking
value, the drive of compressor will shut down automatically.
2.10.2 轴振动指示器/ Shaft vibration indicator
为了监视压缩机转子的振动并在必要时向用户报警，在压缩机每一个缸
中安装有四个振动探头，每侧两个并成 90 度夹角，探头按照涡流原理工作。
如果压缩机转子的振动过大，超出报警值，振动探头将发出报警，如超出停
车值，压缩机的驱动机可自动停机。
In order to monitor the vibration of compressor rotor and give an alarm to
users when necessary, four vibration probes are installed in each cylinder of
compressor, with two probes at each side, forming an angle of 90°. The probe
operates according to the principle of eddy current. In case the vibration of
第 35 页共 190 页
compressor rotor is over large which exceeds the alarm value, the vibration probe
will give an alarm. In case of exceeding the parking value, the drive of
compressor will shut down automatically.
在后者情况下，使用一个时间延迟继电器以保证在压缩机启动期间短期
限的振动峰值不导致一个意外的跳闸。
Under the condition of the latter, a time delay relay shall be used for avoiding
accident tripping due to the vibration peak during staring of compressor.
第 36 页共 190 页
第 3 章离心压缩机安装
Installation of Centrifugal Compressor

Lắp Đặt Máy Nén Ly Tâm
3.1 离心压缩机基础/ Foundation cc Sự thành lập
设备应放置于坚实的基础上，基础应具有足够的刚度，以保证设备找正的
稳定性。基础板表面应校平，以保证基础与设备底座间的间距为60～100毫米
以便进行二次灌浆。
The equipment shall be placed at a strong foundation which shall have enough
rigidity to make sure of the stability of equipment alignment. The surface of
foundation plate shall be leveled to make sure that the distance from the foundation
to equipment base is 60 to 100mm so as to bring convenience for secondary

Thiết bị phải được đặt ở một nền móng vững chắc, có đủ độ cứng để đảm bảo sự ổn định của việc
chỉnh thiết bị. Bề mặt tấm móng phải được làm phẳng đảm bảo khoảng cách từ móng đến bệ
grouting.căn
thiết bị từ 60 đến 100mm để thuận tiện cho việc bơm vữa phụ.
基础块的尺寸要按其设备安置在基础面上为准来确定。该基础要与建筑物
的基础和安装在同一建筑物内其它机器的基础分开。
The dimension of foundation block shall be determined according to the
placement of equipment on the foundation. The foundation shall be separated from
the building foundation as well as the foundations of other machines in the same
Kích thước của khối móng sẽ được xác định theo vị trí của thiết bị trên móng. Móng phải tách biệt với móng nhà cũng
như móng của các máy khác trong cùng tòa nhà
building
3.2 离心压缩机安装和灌浆/ Installation and Grouting

3.2.1、前言/ Installation and Grouting Lắp đặt và chà ron
第 37 页共 190 页
在安装工作开始之前，要求仔细检查基础尺寸和养生情况及待安装在基础上的
设备的保管情况。然后，必须清洗基础表面和基础螺栓孔，注意清除油迹及油脂脏
物等。
Before commencement of installation, it shall carefully inspect the foundation

dimension and curing status as well as the storage of equipment installed at the
foundation, then the foundation surface and foundation bolt holes shall be cleaned
and shall be free from oil stain and grease dirt etc.
要仔细清洗机器底座下表面，以便除掉锈蚀，油污等。
The lower surface of machine base shall be cleaned to remove rust and oil stain
etc.
其次，至少在灌浆之前6小时，把要灌入混凝土的基础表面和基础螺栓孔
彻底浇湿。然后，必须将基础表面上和螺栓孔里的水用压缩空气吹干，再用抹
布擦干，或用抽水器抽干。
Secondly, the foundation surface and bolt holes to be filled with concrete shall
be wetted thoroughly at least 6 hours prior to grouting. Then the water at the
foundation surface and in the bolt holes shall be dried by compressed air, and then
Thứ hai, bề mặt móng và lỗ bu lông cần đổ bê tông phải được
làm ướt kỹ ít nhất 6 giờ trước khi đổ vữa. Sau đó nước ở bề
dried by a cloth or pumped by a water pump. mặt móng và trong các lỗ bu lông được làm khô bằng khí nén,
sau đó làm khô bằng vải hoặc bơm nước.
3.2.2、底座定位/ Positioning of base
由制造厂提供的机器底座带有调整螺栓⑵，以便在进行二次灌浆前，
对机器进行初步调整。 để
Bệ máy do nhà sản xuất cung cấp có bu lông điều chỉnh (2)
tiến hành hiệu chỉnh sơ bộ máy trước khi đổ vữa phụ.
The machine base provided by the manufacturer is provided with adjusting bolts (2)
so as to conduct preliminary adjustment to the machine before secondary grouting.
注: 检查机器底座平板与底脚板之间是否备有垫片。
Note: check to determine wither a spacer is arranged between the base plate
第 38 页共 190 页
and footing piece. Lưu ý: kiểm tra để xác định xem miếng đệm có được bố trí giữa tấm đế và miếng chân đế hay không.
将机器置放于基础之上时，建议采用下列程序:
When placing the machine at the foundation, it is recommended to adopt the
following procedures:
4 3 2
1)参照安装和基础图，首先将支撑块(1)置
于基础上，将调整螺栓(2)，顶到支撑块上(1)。 1
5
如图3-1所示。
Please refer to the installation and
foundation drawing. Firstly place a supporting
block (1) at the foundation, and set the adjusting
bolt on the top of the supporting block (1).

图3- 1
(Please see the figure3-1)
2)用螺栓(4)将底脚板(5)与底座平板固定
在一起，并检查两个面的接触情况。
Fix the footing piece (5) and the base plate together by a bolt (4), and check
the contact status of two surfaces.
3)慢慢地将底座(连同机器一起)安放在基础上，用调整螺栓(2)和地脚螺栓
(3)固定。用调整螺栓调平，使底座与基础间的距离达到基础图中给定的尺寸。
Arrange the base (together with the machine) on the foundation gradually, which is
fixed by the adjusting bolt (2) and foundation bolt (3). Level it with adjusting
bolt to make the distance between the base and the foundation up to the
dimension specified in the foundation drawing.
注: 如果地脚螺栓已事先埋置于基础内，则安装底座时，必须小心
第 39 页共 190 页
地使底座孔对准螺栓，以免碰坏螺栓。]
Note: in case the foundation bolt is pre-embedded in the foundation, during
installation of base, carefully make the base hole aimed at the bolt so as to avoid
damage to bolt.
4)用调整螺栓，在纵、横两个方向仔细找平底座，要使用精密的水平仪。
均匀地调节调整螺栓，使其均匀地承受各自的负荷。
Longitudinally and horizontally level the base by adjusting bolts as well as a
precious level gauge. Adjust the adjusting bolts evenly to make the adjusting bolts
bear their own load evenly.
注: 由于重量和运输的关系，不能整体包装的机器，也应遵循此程序。
Note: the machine which can't be packed wholly due to weight and
transportation shall abide by the procedures.
5)基础螺栓孔的首次灌浆要按图3-1进行，建议采用无收缩的薄浆水泥。
The primary grouting of foundation bolt hole shall be carried out according to
Figure 1, and it is recommended to adopt shrinkage-free cement grout.
注: 如果多台机组安装在各自的底座上，则应按照上述程序，严格地
按照安装图所给定的尺寸来确定底座的位置。
检查半联轴器间的确切距离。
Note: in case multiple machine sets are installed at their own base, the position of
the bases shall be determined according to the dimensions specified in installation
drawing and the above-mentioned procedures. Check the precise distance between
half couplings.
第 40 页共 190 页
3.2.3 检查机器的水平以及初步找正 Kiểm tra mức độ máy cũng như căn chỉnh sơ bộ
Check of level of machine as well as preliminary alignment
1)在机器的支腿和支撑板之间插入塞尺(0.10mm)厚、 20mm长)。各支腿均
检查如果塞尺插不进去，说明机器很平稳，否则就要通过调节底座上的调整
螺栓，最后调整地脚螺栓进行必要的校正。这些工作一定要在灰浆凝定后进行。
Insert a feeler gauge (with a depth of 0.10mm and a length of 20mm) between
the supporting leg and supporting plate of machine. Each supporting leg shall be
checked. In case the feeler gauge can’t be inserted it is proved that the machine is
very stable, otherwise calibration shall be conducted by adjusting the adjusting bolts
at the base firstly and then adjusting the foundation bolts. Such work must be
carried out upon solidification of mortar.
2)按图3-2所示，采用带三块千
分表的仪器，对机器进行初步找正，
一块在径向位置千分表测量轴的径
向偏差，二块在轴向位置的千分表
测量轴的轴向偏差。
As shown in the Figure3- 2, use 图 3-2
an instrument with three dial indicators to conduct preliminary alignment to the
machine. One dial indicator at the radial position shall be used for measuring the
radial deviation of shaft, and two dial indicators at the axial position shall be used
for measuring the axial deviation of shaft.
3)检查半联轴器间的确切距离。
第 41 页共 190 页
Check the precise distance between half couplings.
4)在完成最终找正之前，不能将压缩机进出气口与主气管路连接。
Prior to completion of final alignment, the air inlet and outlet of compressor
are not allowed to be connected with the main air pipe.
注: 当原动机与压缩机间有变速机时，则应首先将变速机定位。然后再严
格地按制造厂所提供的变速机说明书，检查变速机齿轮的啮合情况，然后其它
机器均以变速机为准进行找正。
Note: When gearbox is installed between prime driver and compressor, firstly
fix the position of gearbox, and then check teeth contact of gearbox according to
gearbox instruction supplied by manufacturer, other machines make alignment
subject to gearbox.
3.2.4 灌浆/ Grouting 2

4 3
机器灌浆按下述步骤进行:
1
The grouting of machine shall

5
be performed according to the
following steps:
图 3-3
1)围绕每一底脚板⑸及
其地脚螺栓⑶做一个临时模
板。这些模板要固定得相当坚
固，应防止灰浆逸出。模板内
壁与底脚板边缘之间只少留出100mm的距离，如图3-3所示。
第 42 页共 190 页
Make a temporary template around each footing piece (5) and other foundation
bolts (3). These templates shall be firmly fixed to prevent the escape of mortar. A
distance of at least 100mm shall be reserved between the inner wall of template and
the edge of footing piece. (See the following figure3-3).

Tạo một khuôn mẫu tạm thời xung quanh mỗi miếng móng (5) và các bu lông móng khác (3). Các mẫu này phải được cố định
chắc chắn để tránh vữa thoát ra ngoài. Khoảng cách tối thiểu 100mm giữa thành trong của khuôn mẫu và Sau khi đông đặc vữa
(cần 8 ngày trong thời tiết nóng và 20 ngày trong thời tiết lạnh, tùy thuộc vào nhiệt độ không khí), hãy tháo các bu lông điều chỉnh
2)按图3-3所示，把灰浆灌进螺栓孔和模板内。为了避免形成气泡，要搅动
(4) và vặn đối xứng các bu lông móng (3).
灰浆。
As shown in the following figure3-3, grout the mortar into the bolt holes and
templates and stir it to avoid bubble formation.
3)当确认灰浆已达到了要求的坚实度时(灌浆2-3天后，但不超过8-
10天，这要视当地的大气条件而定)就要对称地松开调整螺栓⑵。(如图3-4所
示)。 2
4 3
When the mortar is determined to
have met the compactness specified 1
(2 to 3 days after grouting, but not
exceeding 8 to 10 days, which is 5
subject to the local atmospheric
conditions), loose the adjusting bolts
(2) symmetrically. (See the
following figure3-4). 图3-4
4)灰浆干固之后(要视气温冷热而定。热天一般要8天，冷天一般要按20天)
则可卸下调整螺栓⑷对称地拧紧地脚螺栓⑶。
Upon solidification of mortar (it requires 8 days in hot weather, and 20 days in
第 43 页共 190 页
cold weather, which is subject to air temperature), remove the adjusting bolts (4)
and symmetrically screw down the foundation bolts (3).
5)重新检查找平。用调整螺栓调节底平板和底脚板⑸间的垫片，进行最后
Kiểm tra lại việc san lấp mặt bằng. Sử dụng các bu lông điều chỉnh để điều chỉnh miếng đệm giữa tấm đế và miếng đỡ
校准。 (5), sau đó tiến hành hiệu chỉnh.
Recheck the leveling. Use the adjusting bolts to adjust the spacer between the
base plate and footing piece (5), and then conduct calibration.
6)有关机组的最终找正，按下节所述程序进行。
As for the final alignment of machine set, it shall be carried out according to
the procedures described in the following section.
3.3 找正与联接 / Alignment
and Connection căn chỉnh và kết nối
1、找正的测量程序
Measurement procedure for

图3-5
alignment Thủ tục đo lường cho
căn chỉnh
2、找正的校准程序
Calibration procedure for alignment Quy trình hiệu chỉnh căn chỉnh
3、冷态找正
Cold state alignment Liên kết trạng thái lạnh
4、管路连接和销钉定位
Pipeline connection and pin positioning Kết nối đường ống và định vị pin
3.3.1 找正的测量程序/ Measurement procedure for alignment Quy trình đo căn chỉnh
第 44 页共 190 页
a、要根据最重的或位置在最中心的机器开始进行找正
Alignment shall be conduced according to the heaviest or the centermost
machine. Căn chỉnh sẽ được tiến hành theo máy nặng nhất hoặc máy ở giữa.
b、如附图5所示，采用一个装有三块千分表的仪表架进行找正。
As shown in the figure5, use an instrument stand with three dial indicators to
conduct alignment.Như thể hiện trong hình 5, sử dụng giá đỡ dụng cụ có ba chỉ báo quay số để
tiến hành căn chỉnh
c、位于径向位置的千分表，测量轴的径向偏差，位于轴向位置的两块千
分表，测量轴的轴向偏差。
The dial indicator at the radial position shall be used for measuring the radial
deviation of shaft, and two dial indicators at the axial position shall be used for
measuring the axial deviation of shaft. Chỉ báo quay số ở vị trí xuyên tâm sẽ được sử dụng để đo độ lệch hướng
tâm của trục và hai chỉ báo quay số ở vị trí dọc trục sẽ được sử dụng để đo
độ lệch trục của trục
3.3.1.1径向偏差读数/ Radial deviation readings
（1）如下图所示，把与垂直面对应的径向千分表调整到零位。
As shown in the following figure, adjust the radial dial indicator corresponding to
the vertical plane to zero position. Như thể hiện trong hình dưới đây, điều chỉnh chỉ báo quay số hướng tâm tương
ứng với mặt phẳng thẳng đứng về vị trí 0.
（2）按照轴转动方向，转动两轴，并每隔90°记下表的读数，如果千分表触
头被压入其适当位置，则把读数定为正的，否则定为负的。
Rotate the two shafts along the rotating direction of shaft, and write down the
reading every 90°. In case the probe of dial indicator is pressed at proper position,
the reading shall be positive, otherwise it shall be negative. bb

Xoay hai trục dọc theo hướng quay của trục và ghi lại số đọc sau mỗi 90°. Trong trường hợp đầu dò của kim đồng hồ được ấn
vào đúng vị trí, số đọc sẽ là số dương, nếu không sẽ là số âm.
第 45 页共 190 页
γv
注: 读数只少重复一次，并应使千分表的触头在半行程处进行测量。
特别对于带有隔套的联轴器，最好把千分表装置从一个轴换到另一个轴上重新
进行一次检查。
Note: the check shall be conducted at least once again when the probe of dial
indicator is at half trip. Especially for the shaft coupling with a spacer bush, it is
better to place the dial indicator from one shaft to another shaft for rechecking.
b
（3）垂直面的偏差值是/ The deviation value of vertical plane is： rv =
2
b—转动180°之后千分表上的实际值。
b- Actual value on dial indicator upon rotation of 180°.
（4）旋转90°(W)和270°(Z)之后测出数值的代数和，如果不计仪表误差，则
等于转180°之后测得的数值即/ In case the error of instrument is ignored, the
algebraic sum of the values measured upon rotation of 90°(W) and 270°(Z) shall be
equal to the value measured upon rotation of 180°: b = w + z
而其代数之差的一半。表示水平面上的径向偏差，即/ While a half of the
algebraic difference of the above-mentioned values shall denote the radial deviation
at the horizontal plane, namely:
w− z
r0 =
2
第 46 页共 190 页
注: “W”“Z”和b的值都应看成是带正负号的。
Note: the values of “W”“Z” and b shall be regarded as signed values.
3.3.1.2轴向偏差读数/ Axial deviation readings Đọc độ lệch trục
（1）轴的轴向偏差(联轴器角偏差)是用两块支距180°的千分表测量，将初始
调回到零位。
The axial deviation of shaft (angular deviation of shaft coupling) shall be measured
by two dial indicators with an offset distance of 180°. Reset the initial position to
zero position. bbb
（2）轴向偏差的读数，采用两块垂直排列的千分表，把千分表调到零点。
The axial deviation shall be read by two vertical dials indicator. Reset the dial
indicator to zero position. bbb
（3）如图所示，转动两轴并每隔90°记录下千分表读数。
As shown in the figure, rotate two shafts and write down the reading every 90°.
假使两块千分表安装在 P 轴的法兰上(千分表触头顶在 Q 轴法兰上)并假定

从左到右看读数，那幺可以得到/ Suppose two dial indicators are installed at
the flange of Shaft P (the probes of dial indicators are supported against the
flange of Shaft Q), and suppose the dial indicators are read from left to right,
then: A—垂直平面/ Vertical plane Giả sử hai chỉ báo quay số được lắp ở mặt bích của Trục P (đầu dò
của chỉ báo quay số được đỡ dựa vào mặt bích của Trục Q) và giả
sử các chỉ báo quay số được đọc từ trái sang phải, sau đó: A—垂直
在垂直平面上的轴向偏差值“av”为/
平面/ Mặt phẳng thẳng đứng
第 47 页共 190 页
d−g
The axial deviation value “av” at the vertical plane is： av =
2
“d”和“g”值可为正负值。
“d” and “g” may be positive or negative values.
如果“av”为负值，则法兰向下张口，如果“av”为正值，则法兰向上张
口。
In case “av” is a negative value, the opening of flange is downward; in case
“av” is a positive value, the opening of flange is upward.
垂直面上轴向偏差角的值
“dv”
，通过下式计算/ The axially angular deviation
value “dv” at the vertical plane can be calculated according to the following
av
formula： tgdv =
φ
B——水平平面/ Horizontal plane
在水平平面轴向偏差值“ao”为/The axial deviation value “ao” at the

horizontal plane is： a0 =
(c − e) − ( f − h)
2
式中: “c”“e”“f”“h”可为正负值。
Wherein, “c”, “e”, “f” and “h” may be positive or negative values.
如果“ao”为负，则法兰开口向左。如果“ao”为正，则法兰开口向右。
Wherein, “c”, “e”, “f” and “h” may be positive or negative values.
在水平面的轴向偏差角“ao”值为/ Thus the axially angular deviation value

a0
tga0 =
“ao” at the horizontal plane can be calculated： φ
第 48 页共 190 页
3.3.2 找正校准程序/ Alignment and calibration procedures
3.3.2.1 首先进行垂直面上的轴向找正校准，通过改变压缩机支腿下面的垫片
av ⋅ L
厚度来调整，如图所示，按下式可计算由外侧支腿下面撤垫片的厚度。 S =
φ
Axial alignment and calibration at the vertical plane shall be conducted firstly,
which can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the spacers below the
supporting legs of compressor. As shown in the following figure, the thickness of
spacer removed below the external supporting leg may be calculated according to
av ⋅ L
the above formula. S =
φ
如果做较大的校准(如十分之几 mm)，则建议调整已灌浆的底脚板与底座间的
垫片。
In case of major calibration (such as in several tenths (mm)), it is recommended to
regulate the spacer between footing piece and base which have been grouted.
3.3.2.2 校准垂直面上的径向偏差，不改变压缩机的角位置，只在压缩机支脚
下面每一个垫板下加入或抽出垫片，而使压缩机抬起或落下，改变“γv”的
高度。
第 49 页共 190 页
The calibration of radial deviation at the vertical plane shall not change the angular
position of compressor, and only needs to add or remove the spacer from each shim
plate below the supporting legs of compressor so as to make the compressor raised
or lowered to change the height of “γv”.
3.3.2.3 在水平面上校准轴向和径向偏差时，只要拧动压缩机支腿上的固定螺
钉，水平移动压缩机即可。要校准角度偏差时，采用校准垂直面内角度偏差
相同步骤来进行。
During calibration of axial and radial deviations at the horizontal plane, just
unscrew the fixed bolts at the supporting legs of compressor to move the
compressor horizontally. In case of calibration of angular deviation, just adopt the
steps used for calibration of angular deviation at the vertical plane.
3.3.3 冷态找正/ Cold state alignment
3.3.3.1 冷态找正是每台机器与底座安装过程定位和程序。经过冷态找正后使得
机组在运行过程中不致于因热梯度、压力梯度轴位移引起的热膨胀而超过支撑
轴承的间隙范围。从而保证了机器的自动对中。后面所附的各联轴器找正图，
标明在运行条件和冷态找正时轴的位置。找正过程逐次比较千分表读数以便得
到所要求的轴的位置。
Cold state alignment is used for positioning when each machine is installed at the
base. Through cold state alignment, the machine set won't exceed the clearance
range due to thermal expansion produced by axial displacement of thermal gradient
and pressure gradient during operation so as to guarantee the automatic centering of
machine. The following coupling alignment drawings attached indicate the position
第 50 页共 190 页
of shaft during operation and cold state alignment. During alignment, the readings
of dial indicators shall be compared separately to obtain the required position of
shaft.
后面附有各联轴器的找正图，标明了正常工况时轴的位置以及产生膨胀和
冷态找正所要求的轴的位置。千分表的读数逐项指出了所要求的轴的位置。
The following coupling alignment drawings attached indicate the position of
shaft under normal working condition as well as the positions caused by expansion
and required by cold state alignment. The readings of dial indicators indicate the
required position of shaft.
3.3.3.2假定支座的环境温度和平均温度如表所示，则可算出轴的位移量。
如果设备温度与上述温度相差很大，则要考虑随着支座处温度与环境温度差之
间的比值的变化关系来计算实际位移值。
Suppose the environmental temperature and average temperature of support are as
shown in the table, the displacement of shaft can be calculated. In case the
temperature of equipment significantly differs from the above-mentioned
temperature, the change of ratio of differential between temperature of support and
environmental temperature shall be taken into account during calculation of actual
displacement value.
例如: 新的支座位移值△L1，等于原来的位移值△L乘上温差比△T1/△T。
For example, the new displacement value △L1 of support is equal to the original
displacement △L multiplied by the ratio of temperature differential T1/△T.
△T──估计的支座温度减去估计的环境温度。
第 51 页共 190 页
T- Difference value between the estimated temperature of support and the estimated
environmental temperature
△T1──测得的支座温度减去测得的环境温度。
T1- Difference value between the measured temperature of support and the
measured environmental temperature
然而，由于这样计算所得的值是不精确的。所以，建议设备初次运转停车
时(即在机器各部件已处于正常操作温度的情况下)马上对联轴器找正做“热态
检查”。(1)汽轮机与2MCL607压缩机间的联轴器
However, as the value calculated in this way is not precious, it is recommended
to align the shaft coupling for “hot state inspection” once the equipment is shut
down upon initial operation (namely under the condition that each part has been
under the normal operation temperature). (1)Coupling between steam turbine and
2MCL607 compressor
垂直找正图:/ Vertical alignment figure:
第 52 页共 190 页
图中的实线表示转子在运转位置，虚线表示转子在冷态位置
The heavy line in figure indicates that the rotor is at operation position, and the
fine line indicates that the rotor is at cold state position.
垂直偏差(mm) Vertical deviation

径向 ev1＝0.0219
Radial fv1＝0.0451
轴向
Axial gv＝0.0106
φ＝300mm
第 53 页共 190 页
径向找正比较器读数
注: 读数允差±3/100 mm
Radial alignment (note: the allowable deviation of readings at the dial indicator
is ±3/100 mm)
千分表装在汽轮机轴上千分表装在 2MCL607 轴上
而打 2MCL607 轴上的联轴器而打汽轮机轴上的联轴器
Readings of the shaft at the side of 2MC607 Readings of the shaft at the side of steam
when the dial indicator is installed at the turbine when the dial indicator is installed at the
shaft of steam turbine shaft of 2MC607
轴向找正比较器读数：比较器放在 A,B 上均可
下图中的实线表示转子在运转位置，虚线表示转子在冷态位置
The real line in the following figure indicates that the rotor is at operation position,
and the broken line indicates that the rotor is at cold state position
(2) 压缩机与增速机大齿轮轴间的联轴器:
Coupling between wheel shaft of expender and compressor：
垂直找正/ Vertical Alignment
第 54 页共 190 页
垂直偏差(mm)/ Vertical Deviation (mm)

径向 ev＝0.0705
Radial fv＝0.0885
轴的排列如图所示（所得的值是从千分表固定侧读的值）
Shaft arrangement is shown in the figure (value obtained is from value at fixed
side of dial indicator)
径向找正（注：在千分尺上的读数允差±3/100 mm）
Radial alignment (Note: allowable tolerance of reading on micrometer is ±3/100
mm)
千分表装在大齿轮轴上千分表装在压缩机轴上
而打压缩机轴上的联轴器而打大齿轮轴上的联轴器
Dial indicator is installed on wheel Dial indicator is installed on
shaft, which is used to measure compressor shaft, which is used to
第 55 页共 190 页
coupling connecting to compressor. measure coupling connecting to wheel

shaft.
Axial alignment comparer reading: comparer could be installed on A or B.
水平找正图:
Horizontal Alignment Drawing:
水平偏差(mm)/ Horizontal Deviation (mm)

径向 mv＝0.159
Radial nv＝0.159
第 56 页共 190 页
（3） 2BCL356/A 与增速机小齿轮轴间的联轴器

The coupling between 2BCL356/A and pinion of expender
垂直找正图:
Vertical Alignment Drawing:
垂直偏差(mm)/ Vertical Deviation (mm)

径向 ev＝0.0545
Radial fv＝0.0038
轴向
Axial
gv＝0.0399
φ＝
300mm
第 57 页共 190 页
轴的排列如图所示（所得的值是从千分表固定侧读的值）
Shaft arrangement is shown in the figure (value obtained is from value at fixed
side of dial indicator)
mm)
千分表装在 2BCL356/A 轴上而打千分表装在增速机小齿轮轴

增速机小齿轮轴上的联轴器上而打 2BCL356/A 轴上的联轴器
Dial indicator is installed on Dial indicator is installed on pinion of
compressor 2BCL356/A shaft, expender, which is used to measure
which is used to measure coupling coupling connecting to compressor
connecting to pinion of expender. 2BCL356/A shaft.
水平找正图:
Horizontal Alignment Drawing:
第 58 页共 190 页
水平偏差(mm)/ Horizontal Deviation (mm)

径向 mv＝0.025
Radial nv＝0.025
轴向
Axial gv1＝0.0
φ＝300mm
mm)
千分表装在 2BCL356/A 轴上而打千分表装在增速机小齿轮轴
增速机小齿轮轴上的联轴器上而打 2BCL356/A 轴上的联轴器
Dial indicator is installed on Dial indicator is installed on pinion of
compressor 2BCL356/A shaft, expender, which is used to measure
第 59 页共 190 页
which is used to measure coupling coupling connecting to compressor

connecting to pinion of expender. 2BCL356/A shaft.
Axial alignment comparer reading: comparer could be installed on A or B.
3.3.4 管路的连接和销钉定位/ Connection of pipeline and pin positioning
1)机器找正后，把机器支腿垫板固定在支座上。
Upon alignment of machine, fix the shim plate of supporting leg of machine at the
support.
2)根据(191.922H1151 图)上所示的间隙，调节机器支腿和支座。
Adjust the supporting legs and support of machine according to the clearance shown
in the support drawing (drawing No. 191. 922H1151).
3)机器的联轴器找正后，把出口和入口的主管线连接到压缩机上，把紧管线法
兰的螺栓时，用千分表检查机组是否受力移动，如果移动了就会引起联轴器找
正值的偏差。千分表应架在基础的方便部位上，或是与机器不相连的结构上，
把千分表触头顶在机壳上。机组找正后请根据有关设计要求连接压缩机气体管
路,压缩机各进排气口法兰允许的力和力矩必须符合压缩机制造厂的规定值。
第 60 页共 190 页
Upon alignment of machine, connect the main pipelines at the inlet and outlet to the
compressor. When tightly fixing the bolts of pipeline flange, use a dial indicator to
check whether the machine set is applied force and moves. In case of movement,
the deviation of alignment value of shaft coupling will occur. The dial indicator
shall be arranged at proper position of foundation, or at a structure which is
disconnected with the machine, and the probe of dial indicator shall be supported
against the shell. Upon alignment of machine set, please connect the gas pipelines
of compressor according to relevant design requirements. The allowable force and
torque of the flange at each air inlet and outlet of compressor must meet the value
specified by compressor manufacturer.
4)机组初次运行之后，当设备达到正常运行条件时，各部位温度都稳定了。
要进行热态对中检查，为了使轴的热态对中偏差尽可能接近零，必要时应对找
正值加以修正。
Upon initial operation of machine set, when the equipment meets the normal
operation conditions, the temperature of each part will be at a stable state. Hot-state
centering check shall be conducted. In order to make the deviation of hot-state
centering of shaft close to zero as far as possible, the alignment value shall be
rectified when necessary.
5)按照底座图中的间隙配磨定位键，最后将定位键及定位槽板的衬板焊牢
在底座上。
Set the value of positioning key according to the clearance in the support
drawing, and then firmly weld the positioning key and lining boards of positioning
第 61 页共 190 页
slot plate at the support.
6)用无收缩灰浆在底板下灌浆，待灰浆凝固后，所有与大气接触的外表面应涂
一层胶质浆。其成份为:一份水泥、二份砂子。当这层灰浆凝固后，边上再涂
以防油漆。
Grouting below the bottom plate shall be conducted with shrinking-free mortar.
Upon solidification of mortar, all surfaces contacted with the atmosphere shall be
coated with a layer of colloidal grout with a ratio of cement and sand of 1:2. After
this layer of colloidal grout is solidified, its edge shall be coated with oil-proof
paint.
第 62 页共 190 页
第 4 章离心压缩机的操作// Operation of Centrifugal Compressor

Hoạt động của máy nén ly tâm
4.1 启动之前要采取的措施/ Measures Taken Before Starting
4.1.1 压缩机装置启动的准备/ Preparation for starting of compressor
准备/ Preparation
通知厂内所有有关部门启动一事。
Notify all relevant departments in the plant of starting of compressor.
检查工作介质和辅助电源是否可用。
Check to determine whether the working medium and auxiliary power are
available.
冷却介质/ Cooling medium
蒸汽/Steam（如应用于透平或油加热的话）(If apply to turbo or oil heating)
电/ Cooling medium
控制空气（仪表空气）（没有油，水份，杂物。残留水份不可超过 20ppm。
不得使用正常的压缩空气：如果必要，使用氮气）。
Control air (instrument air) (it shall be free from oil, moisture and foreign
matters. The residual water content shall not exceed 20ppm. Ordinary
compressed air shall not be allowed to be used. Use nitrogen if necessary).
4.1.2 检查压缩机是否具备运行的的条件 / Check if the compressor meets the

conditions of operation.
压缩机和连接管网应是干净的（没有水、油和固定物质）。打开壳体放
泄口和在放泄完成时再关上。
The compressor and connecting pipeline shall be clean (without water, oil
第 63 页共 190 页
and fixed substance). Open the discharge outlet of shell and then close it upon
completion of discharge.
检查所有运动部件是否自如（包括转子，联轴器的轴向位移值）。
Check if all moving elements operate smoothly (including the axial
displacement values of rotor and shaft coupling).
按照制造厂的操作说明书，为启动准备好驱动机和驱动机附属装置。
Check if all moving elements operate smoothly (including the axial
displacement values of rotor and shaft coupling).
4.1.3 检查油系统/ Check the oil system:
（也可见油泵和油泵驱动机制造厂给出的说明）。
(Please refer to the instructions of oil pump and oil pump drive
manufacturer alternatively).
检查油箱注入；检查油系统有无漏泄。
Check the injection of oil tank; check the leakage of oil system.
油箱内任何冷凝水的放泄。
Discharge of any condensed water in the oil tank.
检查油加热设备是否准备好工作。
Check the preparation of oil heating equipment.
打开油泵前后的断流元件。
Open the cut-off elements before and behind the oil pump.
预先清理油过滤器，不允许使用脏污的油过滤器元件。
Pre-clean the oil filter and no oil filter element with dirt shall not be allowed to
第 64 页共 190 页
be used.
检查油冷却器和油过滤器切换管件是否在正确的位置上。
Check the correctness of positions of change-over pipelines of oil cooler and oil
filter.
打开油侧通风口和油过滤器上注入管线准备好操作。
Open the ventilation port at the oil side and connect the pipeline to the oil filter.
打开用于油冷却器的冷却水出口的断流元件。
Open the cut-off element of cooling water outlet used for oil cooler.
检查油压平衡阀是否准备好操作。
Check if the oil-pressure balanced value is ready for operation.
打开油压平衡阀前后的断流元件。
Open the cut-off elements before and behind the oil-pressure balanced valve.
关闭至油压平衡阀在旁通中的断流元件。
Close the cut-off element in the pass by of oil-pressure balanced valve.
在油系统冲洗之前，取下油过滤器前面可能已安装的任何粗虑器。
Prior to flushing of oil system, remove any coarse strainer that may be installed
before the oil filter.
4.1.4 检查缓冲气体系统 Check the buffer gas system:
确保管线系统被吹扫（N2）。
Make sure that the pipeline system has been purged (N2).
确保外部干净气体干燥和存在。
Make sure there is clean and dry gas at the external.
第 65 页共 190 页
确保外部缓冲气体（N2）存在。
Make sure there is buffer gas (N2) at the external.
检查干净缓冲气体的过滤器有无脏污，检查放泄情况。
Check to make sure that the filter of clean buffer gas is free from dirt, and check
the situations of discharge.
检查过滤器气流输送阀的具体位置。
Check the specific position of pneumatic transfer valve of filter.
稍打开缓冲气体过滤器后面的手动控制盘。
Slightly open the manual control panel behind the butter gas filter.
检查管子有无漏泄。
Check the leakage of pipeline.
检查仪器仪表和阀门是否正确地发挥功能。
Check to determine whether the instruments and valves are in working order.
4.2 启动 Starting
4.2.1 检查 Check
检查油压，当必要时通过调节阀调节在配给线路中的主油压。在消耗器
点上调节到所规定的油压。
Check the oil pressure, and if necessary, adjust the main oil pressure of oil
inlet main pressure. Adjust the oil pressure to specified value at customer point.
检查各个出口点的观察玻璃以确保油正在流动。
Check the sight glass of each outlet to make sure that the oil is flowing.
通过关闭主油泵，检查辅助油泵（电动机驱动）是否正常。
第 66 页共 190 页
Check if the auxiliary oil pump (motor drive) is normal by closing the main oil
pump.
当达到较低的油压限制值时，辅助油泵必须自动地接入。在这之后，油
压必须再次达到设定值。在主油泵已再次打开之后，手动关闭辅助泵。
When lower oil pressure limit value is reached, the auxiliary must automatically
operate. Then the oil pressure reaches the set valve again. After the main oil
pump is opened again, close the auxiliary pump manually.
4.2.4 压缩机的启动/ Starting of compressor
压缩机启动之前，必须遵照下列说明
Prior to starting of compressor, the following description must be obeyed:
为该装置启动作好准备；
Make preparation for the starting of compressor;
进气阀打开
Open the air inlet valve
油系统启动
Start the oil system
驱动机启动（见制造厂的说明书）。
Start the drive (see the instructions of manufacturer)
建立必要的气体压差：如干气密封压差，浮环密封参考气差压等
Establish necessary differential pressure for gas, such as differential
pressure for dry gas sealing and floating seal.
气体注入该压缩机。
第 67 页共 190 页
Inject the gas into the compressor.
驱动机/Drive
按照主驱动机厂的说明书，使主驱动机投入运行；遵照临界转速范围。
Put the main drive into operation according to the instructions of main drive
manufacturer; abide by the critical speed range.
小心!
Caution!
无论如何，避免速度小于 200 转/分，因为这将在轴承内引起混合的摩擦
情况。在非常低或非常高转速下，无控制的反向转动也必须避免。
Avoid the speed less than 200 r/min at any time, because a speed less than 200
r/min will result in mixed fraction in the bearing. Under very low or very high
rotating speed, no uncontrolled reversing rotation is allowed.
调节/Adjustment
当主泵在运行，手动切断辅助油泵。
Manually cut off the auxiliary oil pump during operation of main pump.
调节密封气体流量（关于设定点值，请见“压缩机的技术数据”）。
Adjust the flow rate of sealing gas (please refer to compressor for technical data
about setting value).
检查轴承温度。
Check the temperature of bearing.
在流入油冷却器的油温超过 45℃前，不管冷却水阀是否打开，不得关闭
第 68 页共 190 页
油箱加热。
Before the temperature of oil flowing into the oil cooler exceeds 45℃, don’t
close the heating of oil tank no matter whether the cooling water valve is opened.
通过压力平衡阀或通过轴承上游的节流阀，调节油压。
Adjust the oil pressure through the pressure balanced valve or the chock valve at
the upstream of bearing.
检查各油排放点的观察玻璃看油流是否均匀。
Check the sight glass of each oil discharge point to see if the oil stream is even.
4.3 运行期间监督/ Supervision During Operation

检查测量仪表/ Check the measuring instrument
压缩机装置的正确运行要通过下面列出的监视装置来检查（关于正确使
用，参见“技术数据”）。在头 3 个月运行期间，以不少于 1 个小时的间隔在
工作日记上记下读出的实际数据，在头 3 个月之后，要以 4 个小时间隔作工
作日记记录。
The correct operation of compressor shall be checked by the monitoring
device listed in the following (please refer to technical data of this compressor
for correct use conditions). During the operation in the first three months, the
actual data shall be kept at the work diary at least every 1 hour; after the first
three months, the actual data shall be kept at the work diary every 4 hours.
进口压力
Inlet pressure
进口温度
第 69 页共 190 页
Inlet temperature
加气压力
Air entrainment pressure
加气温度
Air entrainment temperature
出口压力
Outlet pressure
出口温度
Outlet temperature
油冷却器前的（=油泵后的）油压
Oil pressure before the oil cooler (equal to that behind the oil pump)
油冷却器后的油温
Oil temperature behind the oil cooler
油过滤器后（=在调节阀上）的油压。
Oil pressure behind the oil filter (equal to the oil pressure on the adjusting valve)
当必要时，通过调节阀调节）
(If necessary, adjust it through an adjusting valve.)
通过油过滤器的压差
Differential pressure through the oil filter
轴承前的油压
Oil pressure before the bearing
轴承温度（如果必要，调节油流量）
第 70 页共 190 页
Bearing temperature (if necessary, regulate the oil flow rate)
轴向轴位移值
Axial displacement value of shaft
（转子的）振动值
Vibration value (of rotor)
油箱中油位
Oil level in the oil tank
密封油压差
Differential pressure of sealing oil
平衡管的压力
Pressure of balance pipe
如果存有同设计数据的偏差的话，参见“故障”一节！由于故障通常突然出
现，在启动之前，也要阅读本节，以便操作人员对于可能出现的任何不规则
性作好准备。
In case of deviation of the same design data, please see the section, Fault! As the
fault often occurs suddenly, before starting the device, the operation personnel
shall also read this section to make preparation for any irregularity that may
occur.
除监视机组自带仪表之外，也要注意监视该压缩机运转时是否有无刮研噪声
以及有无油、气和水漏泄（监视间隔同上文）。
In addition to monitoring the instruments equipped by the machine set, it shall
also pay attention to monitoring that whether the compressor has scrapping noise
第 71 页共 190 页
as well as oil, gas and water leakage during operation (the monitoring interval is
similar to above paragraph).
危险！
Danger!
油漏泄要立刻纠正，因为如果油接触到热的部件（特别是当使用透平驱动时）
有发生火灾的危险。油着火只能用泡沫灭火器或者用为此目专门设计的装置
灭火。
Oil leakage shall be corrected immediately, because if the oil is contacted with
hot element (especially when adopting turbine driving), there is a danger of fire.
In case the oil is on fire, it shall use a foam extinguisher or a device
specially-designed for this purpose to put out the fire.
监视压缩机包括轴振动和轴位移（相对于轴承座），应连续测量。关于报警
和关机的限制值的设定，请见振动监视技术数据。
The monitoring for compressor includes shaft variation and shaft displacement
(relative to bearing block), which shall be measured continuously. For the setting
of limit values of alarm and shutdown, please refer to vibration monitoring
technical data.
小心!
Caution!
气体流通能力不要低于喘振极限，因为这一工况对于压缩机是非常有害的。
气体流通能力要通过控制器保持在喘振极限之上。因此，这些控制器在运行
期间必须保持自动状态。
第 72 页共 190 页
The circulating capacity of gas shall not be lower than surge limit, because this
working condition is very harmful to compressor. The circulating capacity of gas
shall be kept above the surge limit by a controller. Thus, these controllers must be
kept in an automatic state during operation.
如果喘振极限控制器失效，按照气体工艺立即手动打开放喘振阀门（喘振极
限控制器）。
In case of failure of surge limit controller, manually open the surge valve (surge
limit controller) according to gas process.
为确保有压缩机有油流过轴承，要经常检查油出口管线内的所有油观察视
镜。
In order to make sure there is oil flowing through the bearing of compressor, it
shall frequently check all oil sight glass in the oil outlet pipeline.
清洁油箱
Clean the oil tank
以每月一次的间隔，去除可能集聚在油箱内的任何水和油泥。应定期清洁油
管线内的进口粗滤器。
Monthly remove any water and oil sludge that may accumulate in the oil tank. It
shall regularly clean the inlet coarse strainer in the oil pipeline.
检查油过滤器/冷却器
Check the oil filter/cooler
每个月（但如果油冷却器下游的油温升高或通过油过滤器的压差升高，要立
即切换油冷却器双冷却器或油过滤器到备用装置上。切换油冷却器之前，应
第 73 页共 190 页
接通备用冷却器的冷却水。并打开在水箱上的通风阀直至水由通风阀流出，
之后这个阀要关闭。
Check the oil filter/cooler monthly. However, if the oil temperature at the
downstream of oil cooler rises or the differential pressure through the oil filter
rises, immediately switch the oil cooler or oil filter to a stand-by device. Before
switching of oil cooler, the cooling water used for stand-by cooler shall be
supplied. And open a ventilation valve at the water tank until the water is
discharged through the ventilation valve, and then close the ventilation valve.
小心!
Caution!
观看过滤器上的压差表：
Observe the differential pressure gauge on the filter:
如果压差表接近零，过滤器就有损坏或漏泄！
In case the differential pressure gauge is close to zero, the filter is damaged or
has leakage.
切换备用冷却器和备用过滤器时要慢慢进行，并且在压缩机装置运行中就可
以进行。使用过的冷却器或过滤器要将油和油泥放出，然后通过冲洗，刷除
或使用化学溶液除掉固体脏物。如检查过滤器元件有损伤，则必必须更换新
的过滤器元件。
The switching of the stand-by cooler and stand-by filer can be conducted slowly
when the compressor is in operation. Remove the oil and oil sludge on the used
cooler or filter, then remove the solid dirt on such cooler or filter through
第 74 页共 190 页
washing, brushing or chemical solution. In case of damage of filter element,
replace it with a new filter element.
注意：
Note:
每次切换一个油冷却器或油过滤器，都要在工作日记中作出记录！
Keep a record on the working diary every time when switching oil cooler or oil
filter.
检查
Check
通过启动浮子杆（如果提供捕油器的话），每班一次手动通风浮子捕油器。
Manually ventilate the float oil trap once every shift by starting the float rod (in
case that an oil trap is provided).
至少在每次检查之后，要检查一下安全阀和所有其它的防护装置是否正确地
发挥功能。
Upon completion of each inspection, check to see if the safety valve and other
protective devices are in working order.
放泄管线要一周检查一次，确保它们没有堵住。
Check the discharge pipelines once a week to make sure of no blocking.
检查油
Check the oil
该压缩机在运行的期间内，要以 3 个月的间隔检查油质量是否正常（在头 3
个月运行期间，规定每月检查一次）。如果它不再符合所规定的指标值的话，
第 75 页共 190 页
应换新油。所有油的更换要记载在工作日记中，记载换油数量和换油的等级。
During operation of compressor, check if the oil quality is normal every three
months (during operation in the first three months, check it monthly). In case the
quality is not in conformity with the index value specified, renew the oil. The
renewal of oil shall be recorded on the working diary, which shall record the
volume of oil replaced as well as the grade of oil replaced.
检查冷却水
Check the cooling water
冷却水也应 1 个月检查一次。测量的分析值要同该压缩机装置订货时在技术
规范中给出的分析值对照。冷却水的各次检查及测量的分析值要记载在工作
日记上！
Check the cooling water monthly. The analysis value measured shall be
compared with the analysis value in the technical specification of compressor
supplied during ordering. Each inspection of cooling water as well as analysis
value measured shall be recorded on the working diary.
4.4 正常停机/ Normal Closedown

注意：
Note:
在任何情况下，除非由厂长那里取得准许，压缩机不可以停机。停机时应遵
照停机的下列操作顺序。
In no circumstance should the compressor be closed down unless obtain
第 76 页共 190 页
permission of the plant manager. The flowing operating sequence should be
abided by if closedown occurs.
设定压缩机控制到“最小输出”。
Set the compressor control to “minimum output”.
小心！
Caution!
切断驱动机，测量压缩机从驱动机开始停机到转子完全停下所用的时间。遵
照驱动机制造厂的说明书。
Cut off the drive, measure the time of the compressor from the closedown of the
drive to the total closedown of the rotor. Abide by the instruction of the drive
manufacturer.
压缩机已停下之后，关闭压缩机气体管线上进口和出口阀，降低压缩机壳体
内的压力。
Close the inlet and outlet valve on the air pipeline of the compressor after the
compressor is closed down to decrease the pressure in the compressor shell.通过
调节冷却水流量，保持油系统内油温在 45℃左右。
Maintain the oil temperature in the oil system to be about 45℃ through regulate
the cooling water flow.
在油泵已关闭之后，切断油冷却器的冷却水。
Cut off the cooling water of the oil cooler after the oil pump is closed.
小心！
如果有霜冻危害的话，在装置已停机和冷却水供给已断流之后，务必将
第 77 页共 190 页
油冷却器和气体冷却器放泄阀打开。将残余的水分排除。
If there is frost hazard, do open the release vale of the oil cooler and the air
cooler after the plant is closed down and the cooling water supply is cut off.
Discharge the remaining moisture.
4.5 不正常停机（跳闸停机）/ Abnormal Closedown (Tripping Closedown)

由于蒸气，电源，油泵等故障，该压缩机紧急停机时，必须遵守下列程
序：
Because of the fault of steam, power supply and oil pump, the following
procedures must be abided by when the compressor is emergently closed down.
压缩机停止时，如果可能，测量并记录滑行时间
If possible, measure and record the slipping time when the compressor is closed
down.
止回阀要自动关闭。
The check valve should be automatically closed.
手动关闭进口和出口阀（如果没自动关闭的话）。
The inlet and outlet valves should be closed manually (if not automatically
closed).
取得厂长的授权和在必要时减小压缩机壳体内的压力。
Reduce the pressure in the compressor shell after obtaining the authorization of
the plant manager or when necessary.
确定紧急停机的原因。如果停机是由于过大的轴向位移，务必一定检查
止推轴承，即使当压缩机静止时所取得的读数表明其轴位是正常的。当停机
第 78 页共 190 页
是由于其它原因，也应在排除故障后方可重新启动压缩机。
Confirm the cause of emergency closedown. If the closedown is caused by
excessive axial translation, do examine the thrust bearing, even though the
reading obtained when the compressor is still is normal. If the closedown is
caused by other reasons, the compressor can only be started after the faults are
eliminated.
小心！
Caution!
只有在跳闸原因消除之后，压缩机装置才可以再次启动！
The compression plant can only be restarted after the tripping causes are
eliminated.
4.6 运动期间的故障/ Fault During Operating
故障原因改正措施
Faults Causes Corrective measures
1. 驱动机不启动油压太低（见第 6 点）
The drive fails to start The oil pressure is too low (See point 6)
高位油箱中油位太低加足油
The oil level in the high-level oil tank Inject sufficient oil
is too low
没有工作介质通知负责部门
Without operating medium Notify the responsible department
没有电源
Without power supply
密封油压差太低调节控制阀
The seal oil pressure differential is too Regulate the control valve
low
油温太低打开加热器
The oil temperature is too low Open the heater
2. 驱动机关闭电源故障通知负责部门
The drive closes Power supply fault Notify the responsible department
第 79 页共 190 页
安全装置按照指示的故障
Safety device According to the indicated fault
一有响应见下面(a, b, d ,e ) 改正
See the following (a, b, d and e) once Correct
response occurs
3. 主油泵不起动无工作介质通知负责部门
The main oil pump Without operating medium Notify the responsible department
fails to start
4. 当油压下落时辅助电气故障同上
油泵不起动 Electric fault As above
The auxiliary oil
pump fails to start 泵自动设备电气故障同上
when the oil pressure Electric fault of automatic pump As above
falls equipment
5. 油泵不输出油油管线上的闸阀或止回阀关闭打开闸阀，或维修，更换止回阀
The oil pump fails to The gate valve or check valve on the oil Open the gate valve or repair or replace
output oil pipeline is closed the check valve
泵和管线（没通风）通风（见启动的准备）
Pump and pipeline (without ventilation) Ventilate (see the starting preparation)
6. 油压降低泵有毛病见 3—5 点）
The oil pressure Pump fault See point 3 to 5
decreases
油管线漏泄修理漏泄处见第 8 点
Oil pipeline leaks See point 8 for repairing leaking points
冷却器，过滤器或粗滤器脏污转换冷却器，过滤器，清洁粗滤器
Cooler, filter or strainer is dirt Convert the cooler and filter, clean the
strainer
油压平衡阀或减压阀有缺陷检查阀门，如果必要，更换
The oil pressure balance valve or relief Check the valve, replace it if necessary
valve has defects
7. 油压太高油压平衡阀有毛病检查阀门，如果必要，更换
The oil pressure is too The oil balance valve has defects Check the valve, replace it if necessary
high
8. 油漏泄法兰连接处漏泄必要更换密封
Oil leaks The flange joint leaks Replace the seal if necessary
油管线破裂危险如果同热的部件相接触会出现火灾危
The oil pipeline is likely to break 险
Fire hazardous will occur when
contacting with hot component
9. 供油温度太高冷却水不足首先完全打开断流阀，然后
The supplied oil The cooling water is not enough 通知负责部门
temperature is too
high 冷却水温已升高 First totally open the stop valve, and
then notify the responsible department
The temperature of cooling water has
rose
第 80 页共 190 页
油劣质等级换油
The oil is of poor quality Replace the oil
10. 供油温度太低冷却水过多节流冷却水流量
The supplied oil The cooling water is excessive Throttle the cooling water flow
temperature is too low
环境温度太低关闭油箱加热器
The ambient temperature is too low Close the oil tank heater
11. 轴承温度油流量太低增大轴承前的油压
Bearing temperature The oil flow is too low Increase the oil pressure before the
bearing
油供给温度太高见第 9 点
The supplied oil temperature is too high See point 9
油冷却器有毛病转换，清洁
The oil cooler has fault Convert and clean
油劣质等级换油
The oil is of poor quality Replace oil
轴承损伤听一下轴承，测量振动
Bearing is damaged Listen to the bearing and measure the
vibration
小心，如果温度快速上升，立即关闭
压缩机
Be careful, close the compressor
immediately if the temperature rises
quickly
12. 轴承振动增大对中已改变检查对中和基础
The bearing vibration The centering has changed Check the centering and foundation
increases
过大的轴承间隙安装新的轴承
The bearing clearance is too big Install new bearing
油起泡沫安装新轴承，当必要时改变油粘度
The oil has foam Install new bearing, and change the oil
viscosity if necessary
转子不平衡（可能结污）检查转子平衡，必要时清洁
The rotor is not balanced (maybe dirt) Check the rotor balance, and clean
when necessary
转子变形平直转子（只能由沈阳鼓风机厂专家
The rotor is deformed 来作）然后检查平衡
Straighten the rotor (only conducted by
the experts of Shenyang Blower Works
Group Co., Ltd.)
13. 压缩机运行低于喘背压太高通知负责部门打开阀门
振极限 The back pressure is too high Notify the responsible department to
The compressor open the valve
第 81 页共 190 页
operation is lower 进口管线的阀门被节流调节阀门

than the surge limit
The valve of the inlet pipeline is Regulate the valve
throttled
出口管线的阀门被节流调节阀门
The valve of the outlet pipeline is Regulate the valve
throttled
喘振极限控制器有缺陷或者调节不正重调控制器，如果必要更换
确 Re-regulate the controller, and replace
The surge limiting controller has it when necessary
defects or the regulation is incorrect
4.7 长期运行前的准备/ Preparation Before Long-term Operation

油系统/ Oil system
如果压缩机装置将要处于一个稳定的操作状态（备用装置），油系统要
至少一周运行一次，冲洗管网大约 1 个小时。这一运行期间内，转换冷却器
和过滤器三通阀，使油通过它们并检查所有设备，仪表和管件（请参见油系
统的“启动准备”）。在检查期间，如果可能的话，应转动压缩机转子几次（可
手动盘车）。冲洗之后，要清洁这些油过滤器并放泄可能聚集在油冷却器内
的任何冷却水。
If the compression plant will stay at a stable operating status (standby device),
the oil system should operate one time a week at least, and flush the pipe network
for about 1 hour. During this operation period, convert the cooler and the
three-way valve of the filter to let the oil pass by, and check all the equipment,
instruments and pipe fittings (see the starting preparation of oil system). During
inspection period, rotate the compressor rotor for several times if possible
(manual turning is allowed). After flushing, clean these oil filters and discharge
any cooling water accumulated in the oil cooler.
惰性气体密封/ Inert gas sealing
第 82 页共 190 页
为了防止大气和脏物进入辅助系统和机械部件，管网和管件被腐蚀，建
议提供惰性气体密封。在一适当的点上（密封塞在轴承盖或齿轮装置盖上）
用氮气或干燥空气经由一个软管不间断地供给油系统。在油系统中测量的压
力应为 1 至 2 毫巴。
In order to prevent the air and dirt from entering the auxiliary system and
mechanical component, and the pipe network and fittings from corrosion, it is
advised to provide inert gas sealing. Continuously supply the nitrogen or dry air
to the oil supply system through a hose on a certain point (the sealing plug is on
the bearing cap or the gearing cap). The pressure measured in the oil system
should be 1 to 2 mb.
防护/ Protection
以同样的方式，在存在有腐蚀大气的地方，在适宜之处通过用氮气或干
燥空气连续地充入该气体空间，防护压缩机内部部件（轴，迷宫密封，等）。
In the same manner, continuously supply the nitrogen or dry air to the air
space at a proper point where corrosive air exists to protect the internal
component of the compressor (shaft, labyrinth seal, etc.).
4.8 不运行期间的维护/ Maintenance During Non-Operating Period

4.8.1 当该装置将要停止运行一个相当长期间时，关闭进口和出口阀，
减小压缩机内部压力，停止油泵转动，排放油冷却器冷却水，打开所有放泄
口。
When the device will stop operating for a long term, close the inlet and
outlet valves to reduce the internal pressure of the compressor, stop the oil pump
第 83 页共 190 页
rotation, discharge the cooling water in the cooler, and open all the relief outlets.
在压缩机或驱动机上进行维修之前，首先取得来自厂长的书面授权，然
后才可降低压缩机壳体内的压力。
Before repairing the compressor or the drive, the pressure in the compressor
shell can only be decreased after obtaining the written authorization of the plant
manager.
为防护油管线，管件和轴承不受腐蚀，我们推荐，在轴承压盖把紧状态
下，辅助油泵至少每周开机一次一个小时。
In order to prevent the oil pipeline, pipe fittings and bearing from corrosion, we
recommend that the auxiliary oil pump should be opened once every week for
one hour on the status that the bearing cap is tightened.
4.8.2 防护密封气体
由于密封气体提供更有效的防护，更能保护没有油浸湿的内部部件，例
如齿轮装置内的防护。为此目的，油系统可以在一个适当的点上安装软管，
供给连续的氮气或干燥空气（仪表空气）（插在轴承盖或齿轮装置盖上）。油
系统中的压力应总是高于环境压力 1—2 毫巴。
Because the sealing gas can provide more effective protection, it can
provide more protection for the internal component without oil soaking, such as
the protection in the gearing. Therefore, the oil system can be provided with hose
on a proper point to provide continuous nitrogen or dry gas (instrument air)
(inserted on the on the bearing cap or the gearing cap). The pressure in the oil
system should be always 1 to 2 mb higher than the ambient temperature.
第 84 页共 190 页
4.8.3 防护内部部件/ Protect internal component
为在非运行的漫长期间保护压缩机的内部部件不受腐蚀，压缩机应打开
盖子和所有光亮的零件涂以适当的防腐剂。如果该压缩机不打开上壳，同气
体相接触的压缩机内的所有空间要连续地用氮气或干燥空气（仪表空气）冲
洗（气体空间中的压力应总是高于环境压力 1－2 毫巴）。
In order to protect the internal component in the compressor from corrosion
in a long non-operating period, the cover of the compressor should be opened,
and all the bright parts should be pained proper preservative. If the top shell of
the compressor is not opened, all the space in the compressor contacting with air
should be continuously flushed with nitrogen or dry gas (instrument air) (The
pressure in the air space should be always 1 to 2 mb than the ambient pressure).
4.8.4 除 4.8.3 以外,也可采取的措施如下：
Besides the measures included in 5.8.3, the following measures can be
adopted:
4.8.4.1 对受强制润滑的部件:轴承、止推轴承、油密封、联轴器要涂一层凡士
林脂。在开车前，对各部件做检查时要把这层油脂除掉。
As for the component lubricated forcibly: the bearing, thrust bearing, oil seal
and shaft coupling should be painted with one layer of petroleum ointment. Before
startup, such layer of grease should be removed when checking each component.
4.8.4.2 转子和机器的内部件应涂一层薄薄“防护油”
，开车之前不必除掉。但
对冷冻的低温机器开车前必须除去防护油以免结冻。
The rotor and the internal component in the machine should be painted with a
第 85 页共 190 页
thin layer of “preservative oil”, which need not to be removed before startup, but it
should be removed for the frozen machine with low-temperature before startup to
prevent freezing.
4.8.4.3 为了保护已做过酸洗的附属部件，润滑油管和密封油管防止氧化，最
好每周进行一次油清洗，清洗时要使机器走旁路。
In order to protect the pickled accessory component, lubricating pipe and
sealing oil pipe against oxidization, it is better to conduct oil cleaning every week,
and the machine should pass by the bypass when cleaned.
4.8.4.4 电动机械和仪表盘要防潮。
The electric machine and instrument board should be guarded against damp.
4.8.4.5 至于没有酸洗的管子，象通常第一次开车准备时所做的那样，开车之
前两周进行酸洗，然后进行普通油洗就可以。
As for the non-pickled pipes, conduct the same procedures as the first startup
preparation, conduct pickling two weeks before startup, then conduct flush with
common oil.
第 86 页共 190 页
第 5 章离心压缩机维修
Centrifugal Compressor Maintenance

Bảo dưỡng máy nén ly tâm
5.1 维修说明/ Maintenance Description Mô tả bảo trì
下面各页是设备使用状况检查程序表，包括各种离心压缩机、附属部件和
仪表。
采用的检查方法是典型的，所检查的部件范围是最广范的。
The inspection procedure tables of the using condition of the equipment are
included in the following pages, including various centrifugal compressors,
accessory components and instruments. The adopted inspection methods are typical,
ccc
and the inspected component scope is wide.
所建议的时间范围仅仅是大致的，更合适的程序表，应根据操作人员的经
验制定。
因此，有必要为一台机器准备一本薄子，这样，操作人员就能把各种故障、
原因、排除方法，出故障时间及当时在机器上所做的其它可能的检查，登记在
cc
上面。
The advised time scope is approximate, and the more appropriate procedure
table should be formulated according to the operator’s experience. Therefore, it is
necessary to prepare a book for each machine to enable the operators to record
various faults, causes, elimination methods, and the time when the fault occurs and
other possible inspections made to the machine at that time.
第 87 页共 190 页
这就能使我们更详细地了解机器各部件的运转情况，也将帮助我们填写好
ccc
与上述不同的设备使用状况一览表。
It enables us to understand the operating condition of each component of the
machine more specifically, as well as to help us fill in the list of using condition of
equipment which is different from the abovementioned ones.
5.2 检查一览表/ Inspection List cc

检查期间
Inspection period
间隔
检查项目 interval 检查目的
Inspection items Goals of inspection
Operation period
Stopping period
More than one year

运转期间
停车期间
Half a year
One year
一年以上
半年
一年
离心压缩机 Centrifugal compressor

1. 支撑和止推轴承 × 磨损及过热检查
Steady and thrust bearing Abrasion and overheating
inspection
转子轴向位移检查
Axial translation inspection
of rotor
2. 油密封环 × 磨损及过热检查。
Oil sealing ring Abrasion and overheating
inspection
× 更换垫圈
Replace the gasket
3. 入口导叶控制伺服马达 × 调整。
Vane-controlled servomotor Regulate
at the inlet
4. 转子 × 3 年后检查积垢、腐蚀。
Rotor Inspect deposit and
corrosion after 3 years
5. 隔板 × 3 年后检查积垢、腐蚀痕迹
Clapboard Inspect deposit and
corrosion trace after three
years
第 88 页共 190 页
× 气体迷宫密封状况检查
Inspect air labyrinth seal
condition
× 更换垫圈
Replace the gasket
6. 机壳、端法兰 × 3 年后检查积垢、腐蚀
Shell and end flange Inspect deposit and
corrosion after 3 years
× 气体迷宫密封状况检查
Inspect air labyrinth seal
condition
× 端法兰上导管的除垢
Remove the deposit of the
duct on the end flange
7. 找正 × 检查。
Alignment Inspection
三、压缩机联轴器
III. Shaft coupling of compressor
膜片联轴器 × 螺母是否有松动裂纹等缺陷
Diaphragm coupling Inspect whether the nut has
loosening, cracks and other
defects
× 外表面是否有裂纹等缺陷
Inspect whether the outside
surface has cracks and
other defects
详见膜片联轴器制造厂的安
装使用维护说明书。
See the instruction of
installation, application and
maintenance of the
diaphragm coupling
manufacturer
四、润滑油系统
IV. Lubricating oil system
1. 油性质 × 物理—化学性质检查。
Performance of oil Physical-chemical property
inspection
2. 主油箱 × 壁的涂漆状况检查
Main oil tank The painting condition
inspection of the wall
油箱底部检查，每当排油时
就应清洗。
The bottom inspection of
the oil tank, it should be
cleaned every time the oil is
discharged.
第 89 页共 190 页
3. 泵 × 联轴节状况检查
Pump Coupling joint condition
inspection
× 入口过滤器清洗
Clean the filter at the inlet
× 泵的能量检查。
Pump energy inspection
× 3 年后，检查泵的内件。
Inspect the internal parts of
the pimp after three years
4. 过滤器 × 当过滤器压力降高于规定值
Filter 时，要更换过滤器芯子
Replace the filter cartridge
when the pressure drop of
the filter is higher than the
specified value
× 一年更换过滤器芯子，不管
哪个先出问题
No matter which one has
problem first, replace the
filter cartridge once a year
× × 油路切换阀门操作是否顺利
Whether the operation of
the switching valve of the oil
pipeline is smooth
5. 油冷器 × × 油路切换阀门操作是否顺利
Oil cooler Whether the operation of
the switching valve of the oil
pipeline is smooth
× 水侧的积垢和腐蚀检查
Inspect the deposit at water
side and corrosion
6. 安全阀 × 调定。
Safety valve Setting
7. 调节阀 × 需要时要堵漏
Control valve Stop a leak when
necessary
适当的操作检查
Appropriate operation
inspection
× 3 年后，内件磨损检查
Inspect the internal parts
abrasion after three years
五、气路系统
V. Air flow system
1. 安全阀 × 调定。
Safety valve Setting
第 90 页共 190 页
2. 调节阀 × 需要时堵漏
Control valve Stop a leak when necessary
× 适当的操作检查
Appropriate operation
inspection
× 3 年后，内件磨损检查
Inspect the internal parts
abrasion after three years
六、仪表
VI．Instrument
1. 压力、温度等指示器 × × 根据需要调定
Pressure and temperature Set up according to the
indicator needs
2. 传送器,调节器 × 根据需要调定
Transmitter and regulator Set up according to the
needs
3. 压力开关 × × 报警器检查。
Pressure switch Annunciator inspection
温度开关 × × 辅助设备启动检查
Temperature switch Inspect the auxiliary
equipment starting
液位开关 × × 停车装置，操作检查
Level switch Inspect the stooping device
and operation
4. 停车控制按钮 × × 操作检查
Stopping control button Operational inspection
注意 Note:
当机器运转正常时，带标记“×”之各项检查可根据操作工的经验在更为合适的期间内进行。
If the machine operates normally, each inspection with “×” mark can be conducted at a more
appropriate period according to the experience of the operator.
5.3 压缩机在运转中的故障排除
故障引起故障原因排除故障方法
Faults Causes Fault elimination methods
第 91 页共 190 页
压缩机振动或噪音偏差(未找正) 卸下联轴节，让驱动机单独运转如果驱动机不振

Compressor Deviation (no alignment) 动，故障可能由未找正而引起的，参考说明书有
vibrates or with 关部分检查未找正的情况。
noise Dismantle the coupling joint to let the drive
operate separately, the fault may be caused by
non-alignment if the drive does not vibrate, and
inspect the non-alignment condition referring to
the relevant part of the instruction.
压缩机转子不平衡检查转子，看看是否由脏物引起不平衡，必要时，
The rotor of the compressor is 重新平衡。
not balanced Inspect the rotor to determine whether the
imbalance is caused by the dirt, and rebalance it
when necessary.
由于油脏而使轴承磨损检查轴承，必要时，要加以更换。
The bearing is worn due to Inspect the bearing, and replace it when
dirty oil necessary.
气体管线传至机壳上的应力而适当地固定管线，以防机壳应力过大。管子应有
引起的偏差 (未找正) 足够的弹性，以满足热膨胀要求。
The deviation caused by the Fix the pipeline properly to prevent excessive
stress of the shell transmitted shell stress. The pipe should be of sufficient
from the air pipeline (no elasticity to satisfy the thermal expansion
alignment) requirements.
联轴器不平衡卸下联轴器，检查不平衡。
The shaft coupling is Dismantle the shaft coupling to inspect
imbalanced imbalance.
喘振压缩机操作条件是否离开喘振条件
Surge Whether the operating condition of the
compressor violates the surge condition
与压缩机邻近的机器有关基础要彼此分开，增加连接管线的弹性。
The machine near to the The relevant foundation should be separated
compressor from each other to increase the elasticity of the
pipeline.
支撑轴承故障润滑油不合适保证所使用的油符合规定。定期检查油里是否有
Steady bearing The lubricating oil is improper 水或脏物。
has faults Guarantee that the adopted oil conform to the
provisions. Regularly inspect whether the oil
contains water or dirt.
偏差检查找正，必要时进行调整。
Deviation Inspect the alignment, and conduct regulation if
necessary.
轴承间隙超过规定检查间隙，必要时进行调整。
The bearing clearance Inspect the clearance, and conduct regulation if
exceeds that specified necessary.
压缩机或联轴节的不平衡重新找正。
The compressor or coupling Realignment.
joint is unbalanced
第 92 页共 190 页
止推轴承故障轴向推力过大要保证联轴器干净，安装时保证联接的驱动机不

The thrust bearing The axial thrust is excessive 向压缩机传递过大的推力。
has faults Guarantee that the shaft coupling is clean, and
the linked drive won’t transmit excessive thrust
to the compressor when conduct installation.
润滑油不合适保证使用的油符合规定。定期检查油里是否有水
The lubricating oil is improper 或脏物。
Guarantee that the adopted oil conform to the
provisions. Regularly inspect whether the oil
contains water or dirt.
油密封环故障偏差和振动重新检查找正。
The oil sealing Deviation and vibration Re-inspect the alignment.
ring has faults 油脏检查过滤器，更换脏的芯子检查管道是否清洁。
The oil is dirty Inspect the filter, replace the dirty cartridge, and
inspect whether the pipeline is clean.
油密封间隙与规定不符检查间隙，必要时调整。
The oil sealing clearance does Inspect the clearance, and regulate it when
not conform to the provision necessary.
油压不足检查参考气压力使其不低于最低值。
The oil pressure is insufficient Inspect the referred air pressure to make it no
less than the minimum value.
5.4 维修要点/ Maintenance Essentials

5.4.1 离心压缩机机壳上螺栓紧固方法
Fastening method for the bolt on the shell of the centrifugal compressor
(1)水平剖分机壳(MCL—DMCL 型)
在螺栓和螺母的配合螺纹面上涂以凡士林润滑脂，紧固螺母时从机壳中部
开始向两端交替进行。
Paint Vaseline grease on the coordinating thread face of the bolt and nut, and
the nut fastening should be conducted alternately from the middle part of the shell
to the two ends.
水平剖分力矩表(允表－5％、＋10％) Moment table for horizontal split(stuffing
table -5％, +10％)
垂直剖分力矩表(允差－5％、＋10％) Moment table for vertical split(stuffing table
第 93 页共 190 页
-5％, +10％)
柱螺栓公称直径力矩 (2) 垂直剖分机壳 Vertical split
Nominal diameter of Moment
column bolt Kg·m casing(2BCL356/A—PCL)
mm
M24 40 柱螺栓公称直径力矩
M30 80 Nominal diameter of Moment
在 column bolt Kg·m
150 mm
M36×3
螺栓和 M24 20
M42×3 250
螺母的 M30 40
M48×3 350
M36×3 80
配合螺
M56×4 350
M42×3 130
M64×4 600 纹面上
M48×3 180
M72×4 900 涂以凡
M56×4 300
士林润
M64×4 500
滑脂。在端盖法兰上先对称地紧固四个 M72×4 750
螺母，然后以同样的方法依次紧固其余
的螺母。
Paint Vaseline grease on the coordinating thread face of the bolt and nut, and
first four nuts on end casing should be fastened symmetrically, using the same
method to fasten other nuts in turn.
5.4.2 支撑轴承/ Steady bearing Tháo gối
5.4.2.1 拆卸/ Dismantling
1)按照压缩机设备和仪表的有关说明，卸下安在轴承箱罩或轴承盖上的仪
表和导线(最好请仪表工来做)。
Dismantle the instrument and lead installed on the bearing box cover or the bearing
第 94 页共 190 页
cover according to the relevant description of the compressor equipment and
instrument (it is better to be conducted by the instrument personnel).
2) 卸下连接两半联轴器护罩的销子和螺钉，卸下上半。
Dismantle the pins and screws connecting the covers of two half couplings, and the
upper part should be dismantled.
注：装配时，联轴器护罩的结合面涂以密封胶，确保密封。
Note: The joint surface of the shaft coupling cover should be painted with seal gum
to guarantee sealing.
这种密封胶，一旦凝固干燥能使结合面形成很强的粘着力。因此，拆卸时很困
难，建议用木锤敲打罩的上半，不能用螺丝刀或其它工具分开结合面，以免损
坏结合面。
This kind of seal gum can enable the joint surface to form strong adhesive force
once be dried. Therefore, it is difficult to be dismantled, and it is advised to beat the
upper part of the cover with wooden mallet, and the joint surface cannot be
separated by screwdriver or other tools to prevent damage.
3)通过在联轴器齿上向两个方向轴向滑动联轴器，检查其端部串动量。位
移范围应在 2～4mm 之间。
Check the displacement through teeth on the coupling sleeking coupling at two
directions, and the range of displacement is between 2and 4mm.
4)把轴承箱盖取下。
Take down the bearing box cap.
5)拧下固定轴承盖的螺钉，把盖垂直取出。
第 95 页共 190 页
Unscrew the screws fixing the bearing cap, and take out the cap vertically.
6)拧出连接两半轴承的螺钉，如果在上部有螺纹孔就把吊环螺钉拧上去，
用滑车把上半轴承吊出来。
Unscrew the bolts connecting the two half bearings, screw the lifting bolt to
the thread hole on the upper part (if any), and then lift out the upper bearing with
pulley.
如果轴承的两半很难分开，就用木锤在水平方向轮流敲击两半结合面。如
果在结合面上无槽口，不要用螺丝刀撬两半结合面。
If it is difficult to separate the two halves of the bearing, beat the joint surface
of the two halves in turn in horizontal direction with wooden mallet. Don’t use the
screwdriver to lift the joint surface of the two halves if there is no slot on the joint
surface.
由于两半结合面有油脂，为了避免轴承上半吊起时滑落损坏轴承合金，或
损坏轴颈，因此要用干净布把油脂擦净。
Because the grease exists on the joint surface of the two halves, remove the
grease with clean cloth in order to avoid the upper part of the bearing falls to
damage the bearing alloy or bearing journal when being lifted.
7)在转子两端用专用工具起吊转子。
Because the grease exists on the joint surface of the two halves, remove the
grease with clean cloth in order to avoid the upper part of the bearing falls to
damage the bearing alloy or bearing journal when being lifted.
拧动起吊工具的螺母，使转子重量落在专用工具上，同时用木锤敲击下半
第 96 页共 190 页
轴承，直到能转动为止。
Turn the nuts of the lifting tools to make the rotor weight fall on the special
tools, simultaneously beat the lower part of the bearing with wooden mallet until it
can rotate.
不要把转子提得太高，以免碰坏迷宫密封。
Don’t lift the rotor to an excessive height to avoid damaging the labyrinth seal.
拆下下半轴承。
Dismantle the lower part of the bearing
8)用洗油清洗轴承，并仔细地把油擦干净，要保证轴承合金面没有划
痕或鳞片，若有划痕的话，要用刮刀刮平。
Wash the bearing with oil washer and carefully remove the oil, and guarantee that
the bearing alloy surface has no scratches or flakes, if any, scrape it to evenness
with scraper.
注: 轴承应放在干净的木台上，每一半轴承应把轴承合金对着桌面，以免被碰
坏。
Note: The bearing should be placed on a clean timber deck, and the bearing alloy of
each half bearing should face to the desktop to avoid damage.
5.4.2.2 检查支撑轴承间隙(圆瓦、椭圆瓦采用压铅丝法，可倾瓦采用抬轴法)
Inspect the steady bearing clearance (the lead wire pressing method should be
adopted for the round and oval bush, and shaft lifting method for inclinable bush)
Kiểm tra độ hở ổ trục ổn định (phương pháp ép dây dẫn phải được
1)仔细清洗轴承和轴颈 được áp dụng cho ống lót tròn và hình bầu dục, và phương pháp nâng trục cho
ống lót nghiêng)
Carefully clean bearing and bearing journal
第 97 页共 190 页
2)装上下半轴承并在轴颈顶部放一根铅丝，轴向放置铅丝，长度应比轴承长，
并用凡士林油粘住铅丝。
Install the upper and lower bearings and place a lead wire axially on the top of the
bearing journal, with a length more than that of the bearing, and stick the lead wire
with Vaseline oil.
应根据测量间隙及标准规格来选择铅丝，例如可用两倍或三倍于轴承间隙值的
铅丝。
Select the lead wire according to the measured clearance and standard specifications,
for example, the lead wire with a length double or triple of the bearing clearance
value can be adopted.
注: 在轴上放置铅丝之前，要用千分尺测量铅丝的厚度并记录下来。
Note: measure the thickness of the lead wire with micrometer and record it before
placing the lead wire on the shaft.
3)小心地装上顶半部轴承，勿使铅丝滑脱。
Carefully install the top bearing, and not let the lead wire slip.
4)装上轴承盖，在最终组装时将轴承盖拧紧。
Install the bearing cap, and tighten the bearing cap when conduct final assembly.
5)现在再拆去轴承盖和上半轴承。
Now dismantle the bearing cap and the upper part of the bearing.
6)取下铅丝并用千分尺在铅丝被压扁的两、三处进行测量。将读出的值进行平
均并记录下来，如果测量结果的平均值大于“直径间隙”，表中所列的最小间
隙值，则要更换轴承。
第 98 页共 190 页
Remove the lead wire and conduct measurement at two or three points flattened by
the wire lead with micrometer. Average the read values record them. If the average
measured value is more than the “diameter clearance” (the minimum clearance
value listed in the table), replace the bearing.
5.4.2.3 轴承组装/ Bearing assembling
组装轴承与前述拆卸相反的顺序进行。
The bearing assembling should be conducted with the sequence opposite to the
abovementioned dismantling sequence.
1)仔细对好各部件的油漆号，将部件装在原位上，如下半轴承没装在正确的位
置上，则不能装上轴承盖。(上半轴承的销与盖上的孔错位)。
Carefully check the paint number for each component, install the component on the
original position, and the bearing cap should not be installed if the lower part of the
bearing is not installed in the right position. (The pin of the upper part of the bearing
dislocate with the hole on the cap).
2)小心地清理滑动面，组装前、后要涂油脂。
Carefully clean the slipping surface, and paint it with grease before and after
assembling.
3)在双头螺栓的螺纹上涂上一层凡士林油，除掉定位销孔中的脏物。
Paint a layer of Vaseline oil on the thread of the double-headed bolt, and remove the
dirt in the hole of the pilot pin.
4)如换支撑轴承时，按下节所述来检查轴承座。
Inspect the bearing seat according to the followings when replace the steady
第 99 页共 190 页
bearing.
5.4.2.4 轴承座的检查/ Bearing seat inspection
1)保证新轴承完好地放在座内，然后在轴承外表面的某一地方涂上铅油，转动
轴承，看是否至少有 80％表面沾上铅油。
Guarantee to place the new bearing in the seat perfectly, paint lead oil on certain
point of the outer surface of the bearing, and rotate the bearing to see whether 80%
of the outer surface is with lead oil.
2)在轴承盖和座之间的结合面上放一测量好厚度的垫片。
Place a spacer with a measured thickness on the joint surface between the bearing
cap and seat.
3)在轴承和轴承盖之间上部放一根沿丝。
Place a lead wire on the top part between the bearing and the bearing cap.
4)均匀地拧紧轴承盖的螺栓。
Tighten the bolts of the bearing cap evenly.
5)拆卸轴承盖，并取下垫片。
Dismantle the bearing cap and remove the spacer.
6)检查铅丝的厚度。
Inspect the thickness of the lead wire. Kiểm tra độ dày của dây chì
垫片的厚度允许大于铅丝厚度 0～0.02mm，若超过 0.02mm，则要调整轴承盖
的内部，若垫片厚度小于铅丝的厚度，则应调整轴承盖的外面。
The thickness of the spacer is allowed to be 0-0.02mm more than that of the lead
wire, if it exceeds 0.02mm, the internal part of the bearing cap should be regulated,
第 100 页共 190 页
and if the thickness of the spacer is less than that of the lead wire, regulate the outer
surface of the bearing cap.
5.4.3 止推轴承/ Thrust bearing
5.4.3.1 拆卸/ Dismantling
1)按照压缩机设备和仪表的有关说明，卸下轴承箱盖罩或轴承盖上的仪表
和电缆(最好请仪表工来做)。
Dismantle the instrument and cable on the bearing box cover or the bearing
cap according to the relevant description of the compressor equipment and
instrument (it is better to be conducted by the instrument personnel).
2)拆去联轴器护罩的上半，按支撑轴承一节中的 2.1 第 2 项所述程序进行。
Dismantle the upper part of the shaft coupling cover according to the
procedures described in item 2 of 2.1 in the steady bearing section.
3)使联轴器的齿，轴向地向两个方向滑动，来检查联轴器端部的串动量。
位移范围应在 2～4mm 之间。
Check the displacement through teeth on the coupling sleeking coupling at two
directions, and the range of displacement is between 2and 4mm.
4)拆去止推轴承以及支撑轴承的压盖，慢慢提起轴承压盖，提升时尽可能
保持垂直上升。
Dismantle the cap of the thrust bearing and the steady bearing, lift the bearing
cap slowly and vertically as mush as possible.
5)逐块地取下下止推瓦块，然后取下下半推力环，转动下半推力环，使之
达到取下的位置，再将止推轴承的调整垫片取下。
第 101 页共 190 页
Remove the thrust tilts one by one, and then remove the lower part of the thrust
ring, rotate it to make it to reach the position where it is removed, and remove the
adjusting shim of the thrust bearing.
注: 不要搞乱垫片的位置，因为两半垫片的厚度不同而决定了转子的轴向
位置，垫片上打的号应与止推轴承两半推力环上打的号一致。
Note: Don’t confuse the position of spacers, because different thicknesses of
two half spacers determine the axial position of the rotor, and the marks on the
spacer should be identical with that on the two half thrust rings of the thrust bearing.
6)用油清洗止推块，仔细擦去油脂，检查合金表面，除掉由于油脏而引起
的划痕。
Clean the thrust blocks with oil, and carefully remove the grease, inspect the
alloy surface and remove the scratches caused by dirty oil.
5.4.3.2 转子轴向位移的检查/ Axial translation inspection of rotor
拆卸止推轴承时，检查两个方向上的轴向位移，是否保持压缩机组装图中
所列的值。
Inspect whether the axial translations in two directions maintain the value
listed in the compressor assembly drawing when dismantling the thrust bearing.
1)将千分表固定在机壳上并使千分表触头接触转子端部。
Fix the micrometer on the shell and make the contact of the micrometer
contact with the rotor end.
2)向两个方向轴向地移动转子，至转子内部件接触机壳部件为止。
Move the rotor axially in two directions until the internal component of rotor
第 102 页共 190 页
contact with the shell component.
在千分表上读出的值应等于压缩机组装图中给出两个相加的间隙值。
The value read on the micrometer should equal to the two added clearance
value in the compressor assembly drawing.
压缩机组装图中的两个间隙值表明从转子中心位置起，两个方向上转子容
许的位移。
The two clearance value in the compressor assembly drawing present the
translation allowed by the rotor in two directions from the central position of the
rotor.
5.4.3.3 组装、与拆卸的顺序相反 / The assembly sequence is opposite to the
dismantling sequence
1)止推轴承的调整垫片分为两半，按装时要使两半结合面处于水平位置，
而推力环上、下半的结合面要保持垂直位置。
The adjusting spacer of the thrust bearing can be divided into two halves, make
the joint surface of the two halves at horizontal position when installing, while
maintain the joint surface of the upper and lower parts of the thrust ring at vertical
position.
2)止推轴承某些瓦块常需要钻孔，以便装热电偶或安装电力传感组件的调
平板，用以探测转子的轴向推力。因此要将上述部件装在正确位置上。
Regularly drill some bushes of the thrust bearing, so that the leveling board of
the temperature measuring element or the electric sensor element can be installed, to
detect the temperature of the shaft bush and the axial thrust of the rotor. Therefore,
第 103 页共 190 页
the abovementioned components should be installed in position.
3)为了使轴承盖与两个轴承和油控制环的几个槽口相吻合，应将轴承盖轻
放在支架上。
如果不能立即咬合，用手来转动轴在两个方向上用力，沿转子轴来放置轴
承盖直到完全紧固在支架上为止。
In order to make the bearing cap coincide with the several slots of the two
bearings and oil control ring, lightly place the bearing cap on the bearing radial
collar. If they cannot engage immediately, rotate the shaft manually to make force in
two directions, and place the bearing cap along the rotor shaft until it is totally fixed
to the bearing radial collar.
4)需拆卸止推轴承时，要注意止推轴承锁定螺母的固定销与各自的槽口咬
合情况(其槽口是压缩机首次安装时在轴上做出的)。
When it is need to dismantle the thrust bearing, note the engagement condition
of the fixed pins of the lock nut of the thrust bearing and their own slots (the slots
are made on the shaft when the compressor is first installed).
5.4.3.4 止推轴承端串动量检查/ Movement inspection of thrust bearing end
止推轴承端串动量是转子从一端到另一端轴向实际位移，在止推轴承和支
撑轴承完全装好时，应进行此项检查。
The movement of the thrust bearing end is the actual axial translation of the
rotor from one end to the other end, and such inspection should be conducted when
the thrust bearing and steady bearing are totally installed.
具体做法如下:
第 104 页共 190 页
The specific methods are as follows:
1)在压缩机机壳上放置千分表，如果可能放在入口端(止推轴承端)。
Place a micrometer on the compressor shell, and place it at the inlet end (thrust
bearing end) if possible.
2)让千分表触头与转子端部接触，把转子从一端移动过来，并在此位置上
将千分表调定为零。
Make the contact of the micrometer contact with the rotor end, move the rotor
from one end, and set the micrometer to be zero at such position.
3)将转子移到另一端，千分表上读出的值就是止推轴承的端部串量。
Move the rotor to the other end, the value on the micrometer is the end
movement of the thrust bearing.
注: 端部串量是不应超过间隙表上的最大值，若发现此值较高，最好重复
此项操作，移动转子时要小心，避免弄错千分表的读数。
Note: The end movement should not exceed the maximum value on the gap
gauge, if such value is high, it is better to repeat such operation, be careful when
moving the rotor to avoid mistaking the reading of the micrometer.
端部串量由止推轴承外侧的调整垫片的厚度来确定，该垫片在压缩机首次
安装时进行调正，只有更换止推瓦块或其它部件时，需要重调。
The end movement should be confirmed by the thickness of the adjusting
spacer of the outer side of the thrust bearing, and such spacer should be set when the
compressor is installed at the first time, and the readjustment can be adjusted only
when replacing the thrust bush or other components.
第 105 页共 190 页
5.4.4 转子、迷宫密封和隔板 ( 适用 MCL,2MCL,3MCL,DMCL 型 )/ Rotor,
labyrinth and clapboard(apply to MCL,2MCL,3MCL,DMCL)
5.4.4.1 拆卸: 对压缩机内部件进行定期检查是必要的。
Dismantling: It is necessary to conduct regular inspection for the internal
components of the compressor.
1)根据前面所述，拆卸止推轴承和支撑轴承的两个顶半部。
Dismantle the two top half parts of the thrust bearing and steady bearing.
2)拆卸联轴器隔套。
Dismantle the spacer bush of the shaft coupling.
注意: 联轴器法兰螺栓不要掉在护罩回油管中。
Note: The flange bolt of the shaft coupling should not fall to the oil return pipe of
the cover.
3)拆去与上半机壳相连的全部管线。
Remove all the pipelines connecting with the upper shell.
4)在下半机壳上拧上四个导杆，使上半机壳吊起时免得碰坏迷宫密封。
Screw four guide rods on the lower shell to avoid that the upper part of the shell
damages the labyrinth seal when being lifted.
5)拆去机壳中分面上的固定螺栓和定位销。
Dismantle the fixed bolt and the stop pin on the facet of the shell.
6)将上半机壳吊起几毫米，因安装时机壳中分面涂的密封胶已干燥，
所以拆开时很困难，一定要小心不要把结合面碰坏。
Jack up the upper part of the shell for several millimeters with jack bolt, because the
第 106 页共 190 页
seal gum on the facet of the shell painted when installing has dry, it is difficult to
dismantle, be careful not to damage the joint surface.
7)吊起上半机壳放在四根硬木支架上，在选择地点时，必须考虑要有
足够的空间，以便翻转机壳进行检修。
用螺栓把隔板上半和迷宫密封固定在上半机壳上，与上半机壳一同吊起。
Lift the upper part of the shell to the four hard wooden brackets, and sufficient
space must be considered when selecting the position, so that the rotating shell can
be overhauled. Fix the upper part of the clapboard and the labyrinth seal on the
upper part of the shell with bolts, and lift them with the upper part of the shell.
8)准备两个同样高度、具有“V”型槽口的硬木支架，以便把转子轴
颈放在上面，两个“V”型槽口要用毛毡或其它软材料垫上。
Prepare two hard wooden brackets with same height and of “V” shape, so that the
rotor shaft journal can be placed on, and the two V-shaped slots should be put on the
felt or other soft materials.
9)用两根包有胶皮或塑料的钢丝绳系在轴颈和密封之间的两处轴上来吊转子，
将转子从下半机壳吊起时要尽量保持水平，注意不要损坏迷宫密封，并小心地
放在上述支架上。
Hang the rotor with the steel wire which is tied between the shaft journal and the
seal and wrapped with rubber sheet or plastics, maintain horizontal level when
lifting the rotor from the lower part of the shell, note not to damage the labyrinth
seal and place the rotor on the abovementioned bracket carefully.
5.4.4 转子、迷宫密封及隔板 ( 适用于 BCL,2BCL 型 ) Rotor, labyrinth and
第 107 页共 190 页
clapboard(apply to BCL,2BCL)
5.4.4.1 拆卸:为了检查压缩机内部组件，应将隔板组和转子从机壳内提取出
来。
为此首先卸下入口端的压缩机端盖，然后卸下隔板组件。
Dismantling: In order to check inner discreteness of compressor, diaphragm
unit and rotor should be pick-up from casing so end cover should first dismant and
then the diaphragm.
对于串联安装的两个以上的压缩机组，应从底座上卸下两端连接的压缩
机。
As for the two or more than two compressors installed in series ， two end
compressors should be dismantled from base plate.
1)拆掉机壳侧盖上的全部管线。
Remove all the pipelines connecting on shell.
2)拆卸联轴器护罩和联轴器隔套，注意: 联轴器法兰螺栓不要掉在护罩回
油管中。
Dismantle the spacer bush of the shaft coupling. Note: The flange bolt of the
shaft coupling should not fall to the oil return pipe of the cover.
3)卸下两个轴承侧盖。
Dismantle the two side covers of bearings
4)卸下联轴器轴齿套(如联轴器是热装的，要用专用工具拆卸)。
Remove tooth sleeve of coupling.(if it is shringkage fit ,using special tool to
remove it)
第 108 页共 190 页
5)接前述有关章节拆卸止推轴承和支撑轴承。
Remove jurnal bearing and thrust bearing according to instroduction of above
paragraph.
6)按有关章节中的说明卸下内部油密封。
Remove inner oil Seal as per the introduction in related paragraph.
7)卸下联轴器对侧压缩机端盖的双头螺栓的螺母。
Remove the nuts of studs on the end cover of compressor.
8)卸下端盖固定双头螺栓的螺母，并将端盖加以支撑。
Remove the nuts fixed the studs on the end cover.
9)把专用工具拧到端盖上，均匀用力把端盖从机壳上拆卸下来。
Using special tool screw the nuts on to the end cover and than disassemble the
end cover.
10)卸下端盖并小心地将其放在合适的支架上。
Put the end cover on the support.
11)把专用工具拧到进口隔板螺纹孔上，以便从机壳中将隔板组拆出。
Remove the diaphragm unit from casing.
12)均匀地拧上专用工具，使隔板组件能够滑出，直至用绳索固定好为止，
然后用吊车吊出。隔板组件可通过装在出口端部隔板的滚轮滑入机壳内。
13)将隔板组件停放在架上，拆卸固定螺栓和定位销将上下半拆开。
Put the Diaphram uint on the support ，then remove bolts and located pins to
take the upper and lower Diaphram unit apart.
完成此工序，转子就卸下来了。
第 109 页共 190 页
14)做两个同样高度的带“V”型槽的硬木架， “V”型槽用毛毡或其它
软材料盖上。
Prepare two hard wooden brackets with same height and of “V” shape, so that
the rotor shaft journal can be placed on, and the two V-shaped slots should be put on
the felt or other soft materials.
15)用两根橡胶或塑料包皮的钢丝绳，在支撑轴承和密封之间的两个地方
进行吊起，尽可能保持水平地从下半隔板组中吊出转子，注意不要碰坏迷宫密
封，并小心地将转子放在上述支架上。
Hang the rotor with the steel wire which is tied between the shaft journal and
the seal and wrapped with rubber sheet or plastics, maintain horizontal level when
lifting the rotor from the lower part of the shell, note not to damage the labyrinth
seal and place the rotor on the abovementioned bracket carefully.
5.4.4.2 转子及隔板的除垢和检验 / Descaling and inspection of rotor and
clapboard
现按下述方法对离心压缩机的全部内部件进行除垢和检验:
Now conduct descaling and inspection for all the internal components of the
centrifugal compressor according to the following methods:
1)牢固粘在叶轮和隔板上的脏物。
Secure the dirt on the impeller and the clapboard
首先用适当的稀释剂、石油精、三氯乙烯等进行处理，然后使用能接触着
叶轮通道和扩压器等内件的不同尺寸的金属刷来除掉脏物，由于某些稀释剂有
毒性和易燃性，因此在露天(室外)或通风良好的地方进行这些工作为好。
第 110 页共 190 页
First conduct treatment with appropriate thinner, benzoline, trichloroethylene, and
then use the metal brush of different sizes which can contact with the impeller
channel, diffuser and other internal components to remove the dirt, because some
thinner is toxic and inflammable, it is better to conduct such work in the open air
(outdoors) or the place with good ventilation.
2)如有生锈的转子部件就用诸如: 除氧剂处理: 在生锈区域大时，应把部
件浸在除氧剂池内，否则可用刷子沾除氧剂刷或喷洒除氧剂。
The rusty rotor component should undergo deoxidant treatment for example: If
the rusty area is big, the component should be soaked in the deoxidant pool,
otherwise brushed with the brush with deoxidant or sprayed with deoxidant.
3) 清洗之后将部件涂上保护油，如果部件需放在室外，即使带有顶棚也要把
部件盖上雨布防止砂子、雨水等的危害。
Paint the component with protective oil after being cleaned, if the component is
required to be placed outdoors, the component should be covered with waterproof
cloth to prevent the hazard of sand, rain etc. even though there is ceiling.
4) 除非隔板滑动范围过大或有损坏，否则最好不拆卸隔板。
Unless the slipping scope of the clipboard is too big or with damage, it is better not
to dismantle the clapboard.
5) 轻敲迷宫密封片来检查其是否损坏，建议检查明显碰扁的密封片的密封间
隙。
Lightly beat the labyrinth seal to inspect whether it is damaged, it is advised to
inspect the seal clearance of the sealing fin obviously flattened.
第 111 页共 190 页
注意: 应将转子看作是一个单件，除推力环可拆卸之外，不应卸下任何部件，
如果由于裂纹、裂口和金属材料脱落面造成转子部件损坏，应将转子运回制造
厂进行必要地修理和做动平衡。
Note: The rotor should be treated as a single piece, except that the thrust ring, any
component should not be dismantled. If the rotor component is damaged due to
crack, gap and the falling surface of the metal material, the rotor should be sent to
the manufacturer to undergo necessary repair and dynamic balance.
6) 要检验叶轮的情况，尤其是流道内是否有锈蚀的现象。
Inspect the impeller condition, especially whether the rust phenomenon exists in the
flow channel.
7) 检查止推盘和轴承及油密封配合的轴颈部分是否有划痕，只能用非常细的
磨石来消除划痕。
Inspect whether scratches exist in the thrust disc and the shaft journal part
coordinating by the bearing and the oil seal, and the scratches should only be
eliminated by the fine millstone.
5.4.4.3 检查迷宫密封 ( 适用于 MCL,2MCL,3MCL,DMCL 型 )/ Inspect the
labyrinth seal( apply to MCL,2MCL,3MCL,DMCL)
1)使用测隙规检查。
Inspect with gap gauge.
a)合适地装好下半轴承，重将转子装入下半机壳内。
Properly install the lower part of the bearing, and reinstall the rotor to the lower part
of the shell.
第 112 页共 190 页
b)对转子进行定心，要使叶轮出口流道中心与扩压器入口流道中心重合。
Make centering for the rotor, and make the center of the outlet flow channel of the
impeller coincide with the center of the inlet flow channel of the diffuser.
c)用测隙规测量迷宫密封和转子之间的间隙，对每个迷宫密封取两个值(转子两
侧各取一个)并相加，然后将其结果与直径间隙表的有关值比较。
Measure the clearance between the labyrinth seal and the rotor with plug gauge,
take two values for each labyrinth seal (one value at the two sides of the rotor
respectively) and add them together, then compare the result with relevant value of
the diameter gap gauge.
注意: 表中给定的值是总直径间隙。
Note: The value in the table is the total diameter clearance.
检查装在隔板的迷宫密封的间隙，需要从槽内拆出密封环并将其重装在下半隔
板槽内。
Inspect the clearance of the labyrinth seal installed in the clapboard, the sealing ring
should be dismantled from the slot and reinstalled in the slot of the lower part of the
clapboard.
2)使用铅丝检查。
Inspect with lead wire.
a)从下半机壳内拆卸转子。
Dismantle the rotor from the lower part of the shell.
b)将几根铅丝横向地放在迷宫密封下半环中间，用凡士林固定铅丝。
Place several lead wires in the middle part of the lower part of the sealing ring
第 113 页共 190 页
horizontally, and fix the lead wire with Vaseline.
c)将转子放回原位，要注意定心。
Place back the rotor, and note centering.
注意: 转子放在轴承上之后不要轴向滑动，否则铅丝会受损。
Note: The rotor should not slide axially; otherwise the lead wire will be damaged.
d)在转子顶部，在上半机壳迷宫密封配合的地方，按 b)点指出那样，放几根铅
丝。
Place several lead wires on the top of the rotor and the place where the upper part of
the shell coordinates with the labyrinth seal according to point b).
e)组装上半轴承和上半机壳。
Assemble the upper part of the bearing and the shell.
f)用定位销钉将两半机壳定位，然后从机壳中间开始把紧法兰螺栓，向两端交
借进行把紧。
Position the two half shells with stop pin, and then tighten the flange bolt alternately
from the middle part of the shell to the two ends.
g)重新打开机壳并吊出转子，拆出在迷宫密封和有关部件之间自由间隙压成形
的铅丝。
Reopen the shell and lift out the rotor, and remove the lead wire shaped by the free
gap between the labyrinth seal and relevant component.
h)用螺旋千分尺测量铅丝被压扁的部分，然后记录读数值。
Measure the flattened part of the lead wire with screw micrometer, and then record
the reading value.
第 114 页共 190 页
i)把同一迷宫密封上、下间隙值加起来，将结果与每一迷宫密封的直径间
隙表中的值比较。
As for the seal of the gap conforming to the specified value but the sealing ring
has slight inversed edge or hollow, repair it with pincher to restore it to the original
state.
注: 假如所取的值高于允许间隙时，(正常运转的压缩机的间隙)，可根据下列
章节中的程序更换密封。
Note: If the taken value is higher than the allowable gap, (the gap of the compressor
in normal operation), replace the seal according to the procedure described in the
following chapters.
5.4.4.3 检验迷宫密封间隙(仅适用 BCL,2BCL 型)
Inspection of Labyrinth Seal（apply to BCL,2BCL）
1)准备工作
Preparation
a)将下半隔板组件水平地放在鞍形支座上。
Put lower diaphragm on saddle support.
b)用精密的水平仪找平下半隔板组然后用固定夹把它紧固在支座上。
Using leveler makes alignment of lower diaphragm and fixes it onto support
with fixed clamp.
c)将转子放到下半隔板组内，两端(靠近油密封)停靠在两支座上，使
转子能稍微移动。
Put the rotor into lower diaphragm.
第 115 页共 190 页
d)使用两个千分表，将表架放在两个轴端，来校准转子，千分表的触
头应从入口隔板外侧的一个加工面移到出口隔板外侧的一个加工面。只在半圆
上侧出三点就够了。
Put two micrometer gauge supports on the two shaft end using two micrometer
gauges to make alignment of the rotor.
e)放置转子，使叶轮的出口流道中心与隔板入口流道中心重合。
Centering the rotor to keep coincidence between the center of impeller outlet
channel and the center of diffuser inlet channel.
2)两侧间隙
Two side clearance
a)用测隙规测量迷宫密封的两侧间隙。
Check with clearance gauge.
b)每个迷宫密封取两个值(每侧取一个值)，并相加，然后将其结果与
直径间隙表中的该项值比较。
注: 表中所列的值是总直径间隙。
Check of clearance between labyrinth seal and rotor with clearance gauge. Two
readings should be taken for each labyrinth seal from the two sides of rotor. The
result of the addition of the two readings should be compared with the value in
clearance table.
Note: values in the clearance table are clearance in total diameter.
3)垂直间隙
Vertical clearance
第 116 页共 190 页
a)从下半隔板组件中拆出转子。
Take rotor out of lower part of casing.
b)将几根铅丝横向放在迷宫密封下半环的中间，并用凡士林油固定。
Put some lead wires in the middle of labyrinth seal laterally and fix them with
Vaseline.
c)将转子放进原来位置，并注意找正对中。
Put rotor on the original place with centering.
注: 切勿让转子轴向滑动，以免碰坏铅丝。
Note: the rotor could not be moved axially after it is put on the bearings
otherwise the lead wires will be damaged.
d)如 b)点所述，将几根铅丝放在转子顶部上半隔板组密封区域内。
On the top of rotor, in the assembly place of upper part of casing and labyrinth
seal, put on some lead wires as clause b).
e)把上下隔板组装在一起并用螺栓紧固。
Assemble the upper and lower diaphragm using bolts fasten.
f)拧下中分面上的螺栓，吊起上半隔板组。
Screw the bolts on the midsplit and hang up the upper diaphragm.
g)吊出转子。
Reopen casing and lift out rotor.
h)拆出迷宫密封和转子之间自由间隙压成形的铅丝。
Take lead wires out that are pressed as free clearance between labyrinth seals
and contacted parts.
第 117 页共 190 页
i)用螺旋千分尺测量铅丝上压扁的地方。
Check the thickness of pressed lead wires with micrometer.
j)将同一密封的上、下间隙值相加，然后与密封直径间隙表中的值比
较，对于间隙符合规定值，但密封片有轻微倒刃和凹陷的密封，则可用钳工方
法使密封恢复原状。
注: 如果所取值高于允许的间隙时(正常运转的压缩机的间隙)则可按照下
章的程序更换迷宫密封。
Add the upper and lower clearance of the same labyrinth seals and compare it
with the value in diameter clearance table.
Labyrinth seals which are qualified in clearance but with little blunt teeth or sunken
seals could be repaired by bench work.
Note: if the readings are more than allowed value, that is, the clearance of normal
operating compressor, the seals should be replaced according to procedure listed
below.
5.4.4.4 更换迷宫密封/ Replace labyrinth seal
一般，迷宫密封环分两半提供的(较大的压缩机则分四半)，间隙已调好，
因此不需要再调整。
Generally, the labyrinth seal is provided in two halves (and four halves for the
big compressor), the gap has been regulated, so the re-regulation is not needed.
可按下列程序拆出和更换密封:
Dismantle and replace the seal according to the following procedures:
1) 用小于半环横剖面的锤子或铜棒打击半环的一侧，使环转动，将环取出，
第 118 页共 190 页
首次敲打须轻些，以防受力大变形造成拆卸困难。
Beat one side of the semi-ring with the hammer or copper rod which is smaller than
the cross section of the semi-ring to rotate the ring, take out the ring, and the first
beat should be light to prevent difficult dismantling due to deformation cause by big
load bearing.
2) 首次敲打后，半环仍不滑动时，可将润滑液(松动剂)放进环座内，浸渍几小
时。
If the semi-ring does not slide after the first beat, place the lubricants (loosen fluid)
in the ring seat to soak several hours.
注意: 不准用任何工具敲打密封体配合面。
Note: It is forbidden to use any tool to beat the coordinating surface of the sealing
body.
3) 拆出半环，用稀释剂和刮刀仔细清理环槽，并用压缩空气吹净。
Dismantle the semi-ring; carefully clean the ring slot with thinner and scraper, and
blow off it with compressed air.
4) 将新的半环装在该座内，注意不要装错位置，如果半环不能很好配合，请
不要施加强力，要在有明显受力痕迹的地方刮掉金属，进行调节。
Install the new semi-ring in such seat, note not to install to a wrong position, if the
semi-ring cannot coordinate well, and please not to exert strong force, scrape off the
metal at the place with obvious force sign and conduct regulation.
5) 如果半环产生弯曲变形，而不能很好配合时，可将其倒扣在平台上轻敲顶
部，以增加弯曲半径。为了减少弯曲半径，则需敲打一端。
第 119 页共 190 页
If the semi-ring is bended and deformed, and cannot well coordinate, place it
upside-down on the platform and lightly beat the top to increase the bending radius.
In order to decrease the bending radius, beat the other end.
6) 新换上的迷宫密封半环应打上与换掉的半环相同(也与半机壳或半隔板相
同)的号码。
The newly-replaced semi-ring of the labyrinth seal should be marked with the same
number as that of the changed semi-ring (also the same as that of the half shell or
half clapboard).
注: 在上半隔板组的半密封环水平中分面上装上固定环用螺钉把紧。因此在组
装之前要将新换的半环与换掉的半环划同样的窝，以使用固定环压紧。
Note: Install the bolt for fixed ring on the horizontal centering face of the
semi-sealing ring of the upper part clapboard set. Therefore, mark the same slot for
the new and the changed semi-ring to tighten it with fixed ring.
5.5 组装说明/Assembly Instruction

5.5.1 组装 (仅适用于 MCL、2MCL、3MCL、DMCL 型)/ Assembly(Only
apply to MCL、2MCL、3MCL、DMCL)
1)必要时用刮刀清理两半机壳的配合面，但不要刮掉金属材料，当两个配
合面带密封槽时，要认真对密封槽进行清洗，而后涂上密封胶。
If necessary, clean the fitting surface of shell in two pieces by scraper, but
don’t scrape off the metal material. When the two fitting surfaces are provided with
seal groove, it is necessary to wash the seal groove carefully and then apply the
sealant.
第 120 页共 190 页
2) 检验两个半机壳隔板间和进、出口管(朝下时)里面是否遗留有工具，抹布或
其它异物。
Inspect whether tools, cleaning cloth or other extraneous matters are left between
the clapboards of shell in two pieces and in the inlet and outlet pipe (downward).
3) 仔细用压缩空气吹净各组装部件。
Carefully blow down all assembled parts with compressed air.
4) 压缩机即将投入使用时，除掉转子的保护油，在下半轴承的合金表面上浇
上润滑油，然后将转子放在轴承上。
When the compressor is about to be put into use, remove the protective oil of rotor
and pour the lubricating oil onto the alloy surface of the lower half of bearing.
5) 使转子与下半机壳对中采取止推盘和轴承支撑面间的距离。
Center the rotor with the lower half of shell, where the distance between thrust disc
and bearing surface is taken.
根据有关章节的说明，检验转子的轴向位移，并记录下来。
According to the description of related sections, inspect the axial translation of rotor
and keep a record.
6) 吊装上半机壳时，上半密封结合面要装平，为避免上半密封碰坏，所以要
沿着下机壳上的四个导杆装。
When lifting the upper half of shell, the junction surface of the upper half of seal
should be mounted levelly. In order to avoid from damaging the upper half of seal,
four guide rods should be installed along the lower half of shell.
7) 把凡士林油涂到双头螺栓螺纹上，然后把紧螺母，先从机壳中间把紧，然
第 121 页共 190 页
后向两端交替进行。
Apply the Vaseline oil onto the stud bolt thread, tighten the nuts from the middle
part of shell, and then alternately tighten the nuts from two ends.
8) 组装联轴节护罩时，要确保排油管内无异物，当齿式联轴器时确保通向联
轴节的进油管安装适当，注意喷油口必须朝向联轴节的齿。当膜片联轴器，要
按其制造厂的安装说明先安装好。
When assembling the coupling protective cover, ensure that there are no extraneous
matters in the oil discharge pipe. In case of tooth type coupling, ensure that the oil
inlet pipe leading to the coupling should be properly installed and the oil nozzle
must face towards the teeth of coupling. In case of diaphragm coupling, firstly
install it in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction for installation.
5.5.2 组装(适用于 BCL 型)
5.6 安装在压缩机上的调节装置和仪表的拆、装
Disassembly and Assembly of Regulating Devices and Meters Installed
on the Compressor
安装在护套内的轴向位移探头和振动探头(参看后面图)。
Axial translation probe and vibration probe that are installed in the protective
cover (Refer to the following diagram).
拆卸:
Disassembly:
1. 拆卸接线盒盖⑴。
Disassemble the terminal box lid (1).
第 122 页共 190 页
2. 断开接线盒内的探头电缆。
Disconnect the probe cables in the terminal box.
3. 用扳手松开电缆护套的锁紧螺母⑵。
Loose the locknut (2) of cable sheath with spanner.
4. 用扳手卸掉带探头的护套⑶。
Dismantle the sheath (3) with probe with spanner.
5. 拧下探头⑷。
Screw off the probe (4).
组装:
Assembly:
颠倒“拆卸”中的顺序进行组装，避免对着轴对探头加力或敲打，至于探头的
调定按说明进行，而后，根据制造厂的有关说明书进行检验。
Reverse the sequence in “disassembly” for assembly, avoid from applying stress or
knocking at the probe against the axis, regulate the probe according to the
instructions, and then conduct inspection according to the manufacturers’ relevant
instructions.
用固定螺丝安装的探头
Probe that is installed by retaining screw
拆卸:
Disassembly:
1. 拆卸探头支架。
Dismantle the probe bracket.
第 123 页共 190 页
2. 松开锁紧螺母，取出探头。
Loose the locknut and take out the probe.
组装:
Assembly:
颠倒“拆卸”的顺序进行组装，应避免对着支架对探头加力或敲打。
Reverse the sequence in “disassembly” for assembly, avoid from applying stress or
knocking at the probe against the bracket.
按说明书调定探头并根据制造厂的说明书进行检验。
Regulate the probe according to the instructions, and then conduct inspection
according to the manufacturers’ relevant instructions.
5.7 离心压缩机运输的防护措施/ Protective Measures for Compressor

Delivery
压缩机在车间进行机械运转和性能试验后，要拆卸并仔细清洗，然后可按
下列步骤装运:
When the compressor is completed with mechanical operation and performance test
in the plant, it shall be dismantled and carefully cleaned and then be transported
according to following steps:
1)压缩机的内部另件应涂防锈油予以保护，该油可以喷涂或用刷子刷成均
匀的薄层，在首次运转时，将该油层除掉。此保护层能持续 8—10 个月。
1) The internal parts of compressor should be applied with rust preventive oil for
protection, and such oil can be sprayed or brushed into an even thin layer by brush.
During the first operation, remove the oil layer. Such protective layer can be
第 124 页共 190 页
maintained for eight to ten months.
2)为了保护轴承和油密封，要大量涂敷螺纹凡士林润滑脂。以堵塞可能进
空气的空间，以防工作表面氧化、锈蚀。
2) In order to protect the bearing and oil seal, apply a large amount of Vaseline
lubricating grease so as to block off the space the air may enter and prevent the
oxidization and rust corrosion of working surface.
在拆卸轴承和密封进行油洗之前，要将凡士林油脂除掉。
Before dismantling the bearing and washing the oil seal, remove the Vaseline
grease.
3)压缩机上的所有开口处，需用胶合板盘和胶带封住，以防水、潮气和灰
尘等进入。管口则用塑料塞密封。
3) All openings on the compressor should be sealed by veneer disc and adhesive
tape so as to prevent the entry of water, moisture and dust. The pipe orifice is sealed
by plastic plug.
4)辅助设备如汽轮机、电机、变速机等的保护措施均由提供辅助设备的部
门完成，假如辅助设备要停放在现场两三个月以上，可在辅助设备的内部充防
护油循环流动，这样可延长保护 4 个月左右，用普通油进行循环，便能很容易
地除掉保护油。
4) The protective measures for auxiliary equipment such as motor and
variable-speed motor are completed by the department providing auxiliary
equipment. If the auxiliary equipment needs to be placed on the site for more than
two or three months, preservative oil is filled into the auxiliary equipment in
第 125 页共 190 页
circular flow, so as to prolong the protection for about four months. If conventional
oil is circulated, the protective oil can be easily removed.
应将电机从底座上拆掉(除非制造厂另有说明)，储放在干燥的地方，气动
和电气仪表也应拆卸，存放在干燥地方。
Dismantle the motor from the base plate (unless otherwise stipulated by the
manufacturer) and store it in a dry place. Dismantle the pneumatic and electrical
instruments and store them in a dry place.
5.8 干气密封拆卸/ Disassembling of Dry Gas Seal

拆卸干气密封之前，应根据有关章节的说明卸下径向轴承和止干气密封组
装图，按天津鼎名公司提供的使用说明书进行拆卸。
Disassemble dry gas seal according to intrudution supplied by Tianjin Dingming
Company.
5.9 机壳束紧/ Tighten bolts on the Casing

束紧水平剖分机壳应从中间开始(MCL 型)应按 4 个螺栓为一组进行，先紧一侧
而后紧中心线的另一侧(如图所示)。
The horizontal splitting casing should be tightened from the middle part (MCL type).
As four bolts are arranged as a group, tighten one side and then tighten another side
of centerline (shown as the figure).
上述束紧应分两步进行:
The above tightening should be carried out by two steps:
用扭矩扳手的 60％的额定扭力初步束紧。
1) Preliminarily carry out tightening as per the rated torque force of torque spanner
第 126 页共 190 页
by 60%.
用 100％的额定扭力最后束紧。
2) Finally carry out tightening as per the rated torque force of 100%.
检查时至少应检查 10％的螺栓束紧情况，当扭矩比公称扭矩少 5％或大于
10％时，甚至仅有一个螺栓，也要检查全部螺栓，并按额定值把紧。
During inspection, it is necessary to inspect the tightening condition of bolts of at
least 10%. When the torque is 5% less than or 10% larger than the nominal torque
and even there is only one bolt, it is also necessary to inspect all bolts and tighten
them as per the rated value.
拆卸时，同样按上述组装顺序进行。
During dismantling, conduct dismantling in a same way as the above assembly
sequence.
第 127 页共 190 页
第 6 章备件说明书
Description of Spare Parts
6.1 定购部件说明/ Description of Ordered Parts

订购备用件时，应写明下述情况:
When ordering the spare parts, it is necessary to clearly state the following
conditions:
1.1、压缩机的型号
Model of compressor
1.2、要订购的部件的部件号和装配图号
Part number and assembly drawing number of parts to be ordered
1.3、组装图中，部件的标记。
Marks of parts in assembly drawings
1.4、部件名称
Name of parts
1.5、需要量
Demand quantity
当订购辅助设备如电机、变速机、泵、过滤器、控制器等的部件时，都要
写明制造厂的名称、系列号、设备的型号等。如果没有零件表时，可参看使用
说明书附图。
When ordering the auxiliary equipment such as pump, filter and controller, it is
necessary to clearly state the name of manufacturer, serial number and model of
第 128 页共 190 页
equipment, etc. If there is no parts list, refer to the attached drawings of the
operating instructions.
请把你的定单寄给沈阳鼓风机厂，地址沈阳市铁西经济技术开发区开发
大路 16 号甲，或者寄给沈阳鼓风机厂办事处。
The spare parts which need to be repaired please be sent back to Shenyang
Blower Works (Group) Co. Ltd. (Address: No. 16, Development Road,
Economic&Technical Development Zone, Shenyang, China).
6.2 备件的长期储存/ Long-term Storage of Spare Parts

部件存放在仓库内必须经心照管，保持其良好的状态，必须将备用件存放
在清洁、干燥、无腐蚀气体的地方，并且应当放好，以便于取用和检查。
It is necessary to carefully manage the parts that are stored in the warehouse
and keep them in a good condition, and the spare parts must be stored in a clean and
dry place without corrosive gas and be put in order for favor of use and inspection.
假如仓库条件不理想，要采取某些保护措施，在这种情况下，必须避免主要部
件直接和空气接触。
If the warehousing conditions are not ideal, take some protective measures. In some
cases, avoid the main parts from directly contacting with the air.
孔的开口处须用法兰盘和保护罩盖好，而在其内部应放置和定期更换防潮物
质，支撑轴承、止推轴承、迷宫密封等应用适当的防锈物质予以保护。
The opening of holes must be covered by flange plate and protective cover, and
moisture-proof matters should be placed and periodically replaced in it, and the
steady bearing, thrust bearing and labyrinth seal should be protected by proper rust
第 129 页共 190 页
prevention matters.
6.3 危险 /Caution
我们想强调一下，不是由我们供货的所有备件，我们既不检查也不发放。
因此，这些产品的安装和/或使用可能会影响该压缩机装置的设计性能和因此损
害该系统的操作和功能可靠性。由于使用非纯正的零件可能出现的事故将不由
本制造厂负责。
All spare parts that are not supplied by us will neither be inspected nor be
issued by us. Therefore, the installation and use of these products may affect the
design performance of compressor unit and then impair the operation and functional
reliability of this system. The accident possibly resulting from the use of spare parts
that are not manufactured by the manufacturer will not be assumed by the
manufacturer.
在没有征得制造厂专家的同意，对压缩机进行的任何修改，出现的事故
将不由本制造厂负责。
Any modification is made to the compressor without permission of the
manufacturer’s experts, and the accident resulting from it will not be assumed by
the manufacturer.
6.4 零件返修/ Rework &Repair of Spare Parts

请发送返修的零件到沈阳鼓风机（集团）有限公司，地址沈阳市铁西区云
峰北街 36 号，或者寄给沈阳鼓风机（集团）有限公司办事处。
Please send the spare parts that require rework & repair to Shenyang Blower Works
Group Co., Ltd., where the address is 36# Yunfeng North Street, Tiexi District,
第 130 页共 190 页
Shenyang City, or mail them to the branch office of Shenyang Blower Works Group
Co., Ltd.
要仔细地包装返修零件，以避免运输中损伤。
The spare parts that require rework & repair should be carefully packed in order to
avoid any damage in transit.
当订货小齿轮或大齿轮时，整个齿轮组必须送回以便可以检查齿接触斑
点，如果必要，重新研磨。
The repaired spare parts shall be packed carefully to avoid the damaged during
the transportation.
For the bull and pinion gear, they shall be sent back together in order to inspect
the tooth contact and regrind if necessary.
备用离心压缩机转子的存放
The storage of spare rotor
备用的和拆卸后的离心压缩机转子要存放在一个干净、干燥、具有适度的
温度的房间里。
The spare or disassembled rotor of compressors shall be stored in the clean and
dry room with the suitable temperature.
立式悬吊的转子（静重直至 1000kg）
当存放时要立式悬吊和保管。悬吊装置要按照负荷设计。对于在轴端上有
螺纹杆（锥形联轴杆）的设计，悬置装置可以拧在螺纹杆上。为确保悬置的转
子不会自行拧下，该装置要在杆面上螺纹孔（4—6 个孔 M4—M6 取决于联接
杆的规格）和一个垫圈的帮助之下紧固。
第 131 页共 190 页
对于没有螺纹杆（圆柱形杆）的转子，可以使用杆面上的螺纹孔（ 4-6 个
孔眼，M6-M8）来紧固该悬置装置。
The Upright suspended rotor (the net weight is not more than 1000kg)
For the storage of the upright suspended rotor, the suspended device will be
designed according to the load. When the shaft end of the rotor is the screw type,
the device can be designed to directly screw on the shaft end. In order to avoid the
rotor automatically loosing from the suspended device, the device will be tighten
with the rotor through the screw holes on the shaft of the rotor. For the rotor with
other type shaft end, the device will be directly tightened with the rotor through the
screw hole on the rotor shaft.
卧式保管和存放的转子（静重在 1000kg 以上）
要在为这种重量适当设计的稳定支座上。转子由它们的径向支承面支持。
支座上支承位置要用薄金属板（黄铜、铝、铅等）作成衬层。
转子至少一个月转动一次 180°。转动进行前，支承位置要用矿物油润湿。
专用工具详见专用工具清单
The horizontal type rotor (the net weight is more than 1000kg)
The rotor shall be kept on the stable support specially designed to be suitable
for this kind of weight. The sheet metal plate (Brass, aluminium, lead, etc.) will be
put on the supporting place of the support as the under layer. The rotor shall be
turned around 180° at least once a month. Before turning the rotor, the supporting
place shall be wetted by using the mineral oil.
第 132 页共 190 页
第 7 章润滑油系统
Lubricating Oil System
7.1.润滑油系统的用途/Application
/Application
润滑油系统是用来向压缩机、汽轮机提供强制润滑油的供油装置。
7.2. 润滑油系统的组成/ Composition of lube oil system

润滑油系统由润滑油站、高位油箱、中间连接管路以及各种控制阀门和检
测仪表所组成，其中润滑油站由油箱、油泵、冷油器、滤油器、压力调节阀、
各种检测仪表以及油管路和阀门等组成。
润滑油站上的所有设备均安装在一个钢结构底盘上，构成一集装式供油系
统，用户只需进行外部连接。
The lube oil unit is mainly composed of oil unit, overhead oil tank, inter piping
and other control instruments and control valves. The main oil unit includes the oil
tank, oil pump, oil cooler, oil filter, pressure regulation valve and other instruments.
All the above parts are installed on a total steel frame to form a package,
customer only need to do the outside connection.
7.3. 润滑油系统中各组部件的结构特征及使用维护
Structure characteristics and operation maintenance of components

in lube oil system
7.3.1 油箱/ Oil tank
油箱的容积符合 API614 标准要求，其维持容量为 8 分钟的正常流量；工
作容量为 5 分钟的正常流量。
第 133 页共 190 页
油箱附带如下仪表及附件：
The capacity of oil tank is designed as per API614. The retention capacity
shall be 8 minutes and working capacity shall be 5 minutes based on normal flow.
The oil tank has following parts：
7.3.1.1 液位计/ Oil level glass
7.3.1.2 就地温度计；Local oil temperature gauge
7.3.1.3 加热器（根据用户要求采用电加热器）；Heater （Electric heater are
used here）
机组开车前，首先应对油箱中的油进行加热，当油温达到 20℃时，即可启
动油泵，使油站作自身的油循环，以使油箱内的油加热均匀并提高加热速度，
使整个油系统打循环直至油温达到 45±5℃。
Before startup, first turn on the heater to heat the oil, when the oil temperature
reaches 20℃, the oil pump shall be start for recycling which will help for the
heating. The aim is to heat the oil temperature to 45±5℃。
7.3.1.4 氮气吹扫接头/ Purging gas (N2)
为了迅速排除油箱内部的烟气，油箱上设置了氮气吹扫接头，在氮气吹扫
3
接头进口处装有孔板，孔板前的氮气压力为：200mmH2O,氮气流量为：10Nm /日。
本产品配备了排烟风机及油气分离器，故此口只为备用口。
In order to discharge the oil vapor rapidly, one N2 gas purging connector has
been installed on the oil tank. One orifice has been set before the purge connector to
set the gas flow and pressure. The set value is: Pressure: 200mmH2O,flow rate：
10Nm3/day。
第 134 页共 190 页
7.3.1.5 油箱排放阀/ Drains
在油箱倾斜底板的最低端设有排放阀。用于油箱检修时放出油箱中的油液
或油质检验时的取样口。
To ensure the complete drainage and easy sampling, a drain connection shall
been installed on the slopped bottom of oil tank.
7.3.2 油泵/ Oil pumps
油系统中设置了两台相同流量及压力的油泵（螺杆泵），一主一备，正常
工作时只需开动一台油泵，即可满足整个机组所需的全部油量要求。
Two oil pumps have been installed for this oil unit: the main oil pump is a
shaft driven centrifugal type, both auxiliary oil pump and emergency oil pump are
screw type pump driven by motor. The main oil pump alone can fulfill the full oil
requirement of total turbo blower unit.
根据用户要求油泵驱动机为电动机。
主/备油泵吸油口至油箱之间装有截止阀和泵吸入过滤器（粗滤器）
，在主
/备油泵排油口设有止回阀以防止压力油经空载泵回流；在上述止回阀的下游
设有截止阀，维修油泵时应首先关闭油泵进出口的截止阀。
此外，润滑油系统中还设置了低压联锁报警装置，当润滑油总管的油压下
降到联锁报警整定压力时，联锁报警装置发出报警信号并自动启动备用油泵，
当系统油压恢复正常值后，停止备用油泵。
注：润滑油总管压力整定值详见报警联锁系统逻辑图。
Isolation valve and strainer installed between the pump suction and oil tank.
Non-return valve has also been installed for the adverse flow of high-pressure oil to
第 135 页共 190 页
the oil pump when is in idle status. After the non-return valve, one isolation valve is
used for the maintenance of the oil pump. During the oil pump maintenance, the
isolation valve shall be closed first.
Moreover, low pressure alarm & interlock has been considered here. When the
oil pressure drops below the set value, alarm will be sent and the A.O.P will be start
automatically. Then the pressure will increase; when the pressure backs to normal
value, oil pump shall be stopped.
7.3.3 冷油器
本系统中的冷油器为管壳式换热器，壳程走油，管程走水,进油温度 65℃；
出油温度≤49℃。清洗或维修时可以将管束抽出。
油站上设置了两台冷油器，一台工作，一台备用，每台冷油器均能单独满
足机组全部油量的冷却要求。两台冷油器的进出口分别用一台连续流转换阀
（即三通切换阀）连接在一起，且在两台冷油器之间设置了一条旁通管线，在
旁通管线中设有截止阀及节流孔板，在冷油器壳程设有排气管线回油箱，在排
气管线中设有截止阀、节流孔板及流量视镜，正常工作时旁通管线中的截止阀
及排气管线中的截止阀均处于开启状态，使得备用冷油器始终充满油，且备用
冷油器与在用冷油器的油压相同、温度相近，始终处于待命状态，可随时投入
使用，并保证了在两台冷油器切换过程中油压不会降低到启动备用油泵的压力
整定值以下。
在机组正常运转时可对其中的一台冷油器进行清洗或维修，其操作过程如
下：
The oil cooler of our lube oil unit is tube and shell type heat exchanger. Oil
第 136 页共 190 页
flow is through the shell side while water flow the tube side. The designed inlet
temperature is 65℃, outlet temperature shall ≤49℃. The tube bundle can be moved
out during cleaning or maintenance.
The oil unit has two oil coolers (one working, another for standby purpose)
have been installed in oil unit; both of them can meet the cooling requirement alone.
Two continuous flow convert valve have been installed between the inlets (also
outlets) of two coolers. Moreover, there is a bypass line that composed of isolation
valve and flow restrictor between two oil coolers. One air vent line connects the oil
cooler shell side to the oil tank. Isolation valve, flow restrictor and sight glass are
installed on this air vent line. During working, both the isolation valve on the
bypass pipe line and air vent line shall be open to ensure the standby oil cooler
always filled with oil. The oil shall have similar temperature and pressure to the
working cooler, thus the standby oil cooler can be put into use anytime when
needed. The oil pressure can also be maintained properly during the converting
procedure.
The standby oil cooler can be cleaned while the blower is working; the
cleaning procedure is as following:
a.检查两台冷油器之间旁通管线中的截止阀是否已经打开，如未打开将其
全开。
b.关闭在用冷油器排气管线中的截止阀，打开备用冷油器排气管线中的截
止阀，当在排气管线中的回油视镜中看到有油排入油箱时说明备用冷油器已经
充满油。
第 137 页共 190 页
c.转动连续流转换阀（即三通切换阀）控制杆，将需要清洗或维修的冷油
器切换至备用状态。
d.关闭旁通管线中的截止阀，然后将需要清洗或维修的冷油器中的油和水
排放干净，此时即可对其进行清洗或维修了。
e.清洗维修后，关闭冷油器的排放阀，打开旁通管线及排气管线中的截止
阀，让油充满清洗维修后的冷油器，并在该冷油器内流动，此时清洗维修后的
冷油器即进入备用状态。
a. Check the status of bypass line isolation valve between two oil coolers, open
it if is in close condition.
b. Close the air vent line isolation valve of the working oil cooler, open the
same valve of the standby oil cooler, when the oil is seen flowing pass through the
sight glass, it means the standby oil cooler has filled with oil in shell side.
c. Rotate the convert valve to switch the oil cooler which need cleaning or
repairing to standby condition.
d. Close the bypass line isolation valve, discharge the oil and water of the dirty
cooler completely, then do the cleaning.
e. After the cleaning, close the drain valve, open both isolation valves on the
bypass line and air vent to make the oil refill and flow in the oil cooler. Then, the
cleaning is finished and the oil cooler is back to standby status.
7.3.4 润滑油滤油器/ Lube oil filter
油站上设置了两台滤油器，一台工作，一台备用，每台滤油器均能单独满
足机组全部润滑油的过滤要求。两台滤油器的进出口用一台连续流转换阀（即
第 138 页共 190 页
六通切换阀）连接在一起，且在两台滤油器之间设置了一条旁通管线，在旁通
管线中设有截止阀及节流孔板，在滤油器顶部设有排气管线回油箱，在排气管
线中设有截止阀、节流孔板及流量视镜，正常工作时旁通管线中的截止阀及排
气管线中的截止阀均处于开启状态，使得备用滤油器始终充满油,并使得备用
滤油器与在用滤油器的油压相同且温度相近，始终处于待命状态，这样就保证
了在两台滤油器切换过程中油压不会降低到启动备用油泵的压力整定值以下。
在机组正常运转的情况下即可对其中的一台滤油器进行维修或更换滤芯，
滤油器维修或更换滤芯的操作步骤与冷油器清洗维修的步骤相同。
在滤油器进出口的管道上设有差压变送器，用来显示滤油器进出口间的压
差，当压差达到 0.15MPa 时，说明滤油器的滤芯堵塞严重，此时需立即更换滤
芯。
Two lube oil filters have been designed for lube oil filter purpose, one working
and one standby, both of them can meet the requirement when working alone. These
two oil filters are connected by a continuous flow convert valve (6 port valve) on
both inlet and outlet. More over, one bypass line with isolation valve and oil
restrictor is connected between these two filters. Air vent line with isolation valve,
oil restrictor and sight glass is connected between filters top cover to oil tank.
During working, both the isolation valve on bypass line and air vent line are open to
make the standby oil filter always filled with oil that has similar pressure and
temperature to the working filter. Thus, the oil pressure will not drop suddenly
during the converting between these two filters.
The cleaning and maintenance job can be carried on one of the filter when the
第 139 页共 190 页
blower is working. The procedure is same to the oil cooler.
One differential pressure transmitter has been installed for monitor the oil
pressure drop of the filter. When the pressure drop exceeds 0.15Mpa, it will give
alarm to remind you to clean or replace the cartridges of the filter.
Control Oil filter
Same as lube oil, two oil filters have been set for control oil, one working and
one standby; both of them can meet the full filtering requirement separately. These
two oil filters are connected by a continuous flow convert valve (6 port valve) on
both inlet and outlet. More over, one bypass line with isolation valve and oil
restrictor is connected between these two filters. Air vent line with isolation valve,
oil restrictor and sight glass is connected between filters top cover to oil tank.
During working, both the isolation valve on bypass line and air vent line are open to
make the standby oil filter always filled with oil that has similar pressure and
temperature to the working filter. Thus, the oil pressure will not drop suddenly
during the converting between these two filters.
The cleaning and maintenance job can be carried on one of the filter when the
blower is working. The procedure is same to the oil cooler.
One differential pressure transmitter has been installed for monitor the oil
pressure drop of the filter. When the pressure drop exceeds 0.15Mpa, it will give
alarm to remind you to clean or replace the cartridges of the filter.
7.3.5 压力调节阀/ Oil pressure regulation valve
润滑油供油总管的油压由 PCV341 压力调节阀来调节；汽轮机调节油的油
第 140 页共 190 页
压由 PCV323 压力调节阀来调节，同时将流量的多余部分流回油箱。
压力调节阀的安装使用及维护详见压力调节阀的使用说明书。
Oil pressure of supply manifold of lube oil system is regulated by pressure
control valve PCV341; oil pressure of steam turbine is regulated by pressure control
valve PCV323; meanwhile, residual oil may be returned to oil tank.
The installation and maintenance of control valves will be detailed introduced
in the valve operation manual.
7.3.6 润滑油站内部连接管路/ Internal piping and valves
润滑油站中各设备之间由管道及阀门连接在一起，在油泵出口的管道中装
有止回阀，用来防止油泵打出来的油液经空载泵回流，PCV323 压力调节阀与
三台截止(球)阀组成阀组安装在油泵出口至冷油器进口的并联管路中，PCV323
压力调节阀为阀前调节，用来控制泵出口的油压，同时多余油液经该阀流回油
箱；在滤油器下游装有 PCV341 压力调节阀，该压力调节阀与三台截止(球)阀
组成调节阀组，用来控制润滑油总管的油压，该调节阀组的出口既为润滑油供
油口。
润滑油滤油器进出口间均装有差压变送器（用来测量滤油器进出油口间的
压差）
；
主/辅油泵出口的管路中装有压力表（用来测量泵出口的油压）主 /辅油泵
出口总管至冷油器进口的管路中装有压力表（用来测量泵出口的油压）及温度
计（用来测量冷油器入口的油温）。冷油器出口至润滑油滤油器进口的管路中
装有温度计、温度变送器（用来测量冷油器出口的油温）及压力表（用来测量
冷油器出口的油压）。过滤器出口装有压力表(用来测量滤油器出口的油压).润
第 141 页共 190 页
滑油出口装有压力表(用来测量润滑油供油口的油压).说明：具体的仪表安装以
P&I 图为准。
在冷油器的壳程设有排气管线回油箱；在该排气管线中设有截止阀、视镜
及孔板。
在滤油器的顶部设有排气管线回油箱；在该排气管线中设有截止阀、视镜
及孔板。
Necessary piping and valves connect the equipments together within the oil
unit. To prevent the high-pressure oil flow back to the idle pump from the working
pump, one non-return valve was installed after each pump outlet. Valve PCV323
and three other isolation valves have form a valve group for the primary oil pressure
regulation. Valve PCV323 control the oil pressure before its inlet, the oil will be
discharged partly to the oil tank when the oil pressure is more than the set value.
Valve PCV341is installed downstream of the filter. The valve group PCV341 is for
final pressure regulation. After this regulation valve, the oil pressure will be
maintained properly for the blower unit lubrication.
Differential pressure transmitter is installed to monitor the pressure drop of the
lube oil filter.
Pressure gauges are installed in discharge piping of main/standby oil pump to
measure discharge oil pressure; and pressure gauges and thermometer are installed
in piping between discharge manifold of main/standby pump and oil cooler suction
to measure discharge oil pressure and suction temperature of oil cooler.
Thermometer and temperature transmitter are installed in piping from discharge of
第 142 页共 190 页
oil cooler to suction of lube oil filter to measure suction temperature of oil cooler;
pressure gauges are installed in discharge of oil filter to measure suction oil pressure
of oil filter. Pressure gauges are installed in discharge of lube oil to measure oil
pressure of oil supply nozzle.
Note: see detail in P&I.
Exhaust pipeline oil return tank is installed on the casing of oil cooler, and
check-off valve, indicating mirror and orifice plate are installed in the pipeline.
Exhaust pipeline oil return tank is installed on the top of oil filter, and
check-off valve, indicating mirror and orifice plate are installed in the pipeline.
7.3.7 润滑油高位油箱/ Overhead oil tank
当油系统出现故障不能正常供油时，压缩机被迫停机，此时由于压缩机转
子的转动惯量很大，机组需经过一段时间后才能完全停下来，这段时间机组所
需的润滑油由高位油箱来提供。
高位油箱的设置高度：从压缩机中心线到高位油箱正常操作液位的距离为
6～7 米。
压缩机组开机前，高位油箱需充满油，具体操作步骤如下：
启动油泵打开高位油箱进油管线三阀组中的截止阀，向高位油箱充油，直
至从高位油箱回油视镜中观察到有油流回油箱时为止，此时高位油箱已充满
油，然后关闭三阀组中的截止阀。
正常工作期间，始终有少量的油经三阀组中的孔板进入高位油箱，以维持
高位油箱内的油温，当润滑油总管的油压低于高位油箱的位差压力时，三阀组
中的止回阀自动打开，高位油箱中的油迅速流入润滑油用油点，确保机组安全
第 143 页共 190 页
停机。
注：三阀组的安装位置应便于操作。
When the oil unit cannot supply lube oil properly due to some fault. The turbo
blower has to be shutdown. Because of the big inertia moment, the blower rotor
shall rotate for a certain time before stop. During this period, necessary lube oil will
be supplied by overhead oil tank.
Height of overhead oil tank:： 6~7 meter higher than central split line of the
compressor body
Before the startup, the overhead oil tank shall be filled with oil as follows:
Start the oil pump, and then open the isolation valve of the valve group on the
oil supply line to fill oil to overhead oil tank. Close the isolation valve when the oil
is seen flowing back to the oil tank from the oil sight glass.
During normal running, there is always a small quantity of oil flowing to the
overhead oil tank through the oil restrictor in the valve group to maintain the oil
level and temperature. When the oil pressure at the main supply header is less than
the static pressure of the overhead oil tank, the oil will fall down to the bearing for
the safety of the machine.
Note ： “Inlet valve group” of overhead oil tank shall be fixed at a proper
position for easy operation.
7.4.润滑油系统开车过程/ Startup of the lube oil system

7.4.1 开车前的准备工作: Startup of the lube oil system
开车前应首先检查泵与驱动机是否对中，管路中所有连接处是否存在因运
第 144 页共 190 页
输而松动的地方，打开油泵进出口处的截止阀及各压力调节阀组的旁通阀，打
开冷油器、滤油器旁通管线及排气管线中的截止阀。
Before startup, first check the alignment of oil pump and its driver, and then
check whether the connection has become loose because of transportation. Open the
isolation valve before and after the oil pump and bypass valve of two control valves.
Open all the isolation valves of the bypass line and air vent line of oil cooler and oil
filters.
7.4.2 油箱注油/ Oil filling
油箱注油至充油液位(即：润滑油站图纸中标注的最高液位），润滑油牌号
为：GB11120-89 N46 透平油。
Fill the oil tank full with the GB11120-89 N46 turbine oil.
7.4.3 加热润滑油并启动油泵/ Heating and recycling
启动油箱加热器，对油箱中的油进行加热，当油箱中的油温达到 20℃时，
即可启动主（或辅助）油泵，使油系统循环，以提高加热速度并对油进行过滤，
当油温达到 45±5℃时，自动切断油箱加热器停止加热（由加热器内部自动实
现）
。
Turn on the oil heater and start the A.O.P when the oil temperature is more
than 20℃ for oil recycling. The oil recycling will increase the heating speed. The
oil heater will be switching off automatically when the oil temperature has reach
45±5℃.
7.4.4 向冷油器提供冷却水/ Supply cooling water
压缩机组运转后，需向冷油器提供冷却水，观察冷油器出口油温，油温正
第 145 页共 190 页
常值为：45℃，油温偏高时，应适当增加冷却水量，反之，则应适当减少冷却
水量，
After the blower unit is put into running, cooling water shall be supplied for
the lube oil cooling. Check the outlet oil temperature of the cooler, if the oil
temperature is more than set value (45℃), increase the oil quantity.
7.5.油系统参数/ Parameter of lube oil system

润滑油系统各测量点参数值见报警联锁系统逻辑图。
润滑油过滤器过滤精度：10μm
See the logic diagram for detail of the set values.
Filter precision 10μm
7.6.润滑油性能参数/ Performance parameter of lube oil system

7.6.1 润滑油牌号：GB11120-89 N46 润滑油/ Oil code ：GB11120-89 N46 or
ISO VG46# turbine oil
7.6.2 润滑油黏度：40℃时的黏度为：46mm2/s
Oil viscosity： 46mm2/s at 40℃
7.6.3 酸值（<KOH> mg/g）≤0.02/ Acid value（<KOH> mg/g）≤

≤0.02
7.6.4 灰份≤0.005％/ Ash content≤

≤0.005％
7.6.5 无水溶性酸和碱/ No water-soluble acid and water-soluble alkali
7.6.6 无机械杂质/ No big impurities
7.6.7 闪点（开口）≥180℃/ Flash point（open）≥

≥180℃
7.6.8 凝点≤-10℃/ Solidifying point≤

≤-10℃
首先作 1000 小时机械运转，之后每隔三个月（最好一个月）取样分
第 146 页共 190 页
析一次油的化学成分，要求它的物理性能不能改变，如油已变质应立即停止使
用，变质的标志如下：
* 闪点（开口）<160℃
* 机械杂质超过 0.1％（在油箱最低处取样）
* 黏度变化大于 15～20％
* 酸值高于 0.04 mg/g
通常，两年更换一次润滑油，首先将油箱中的油排放干净，然后彻底
清洗油箱内部并用压缩空气吹干。
After 1000 hours running, there should be a chemical sampling test every 3
months (once per month is better). Check the following oil quality feathers; change
the oil if oil has found to become deteriorate.
* Flash point（Open）<160℃
* Impurities more than 0.1％（sampling at oil tank bottom）
* Oil viscosity changing more than 15～20％
* Acid value is more than 0.04 mg/g
The lube oil is normally replaced completely every two years. First we
need to drain the oil tank completely for oil tank inside cleaning. After cleaning, the
oil tank should be dried by compressed air.
第 147 页共 190 页
第 8 章气体冷却器、分离器
此台压缩机的三台冷却器，图号为 411.213TQ872 、 411.214TQ873 和
411.215TQ874。严格按照 GB151-99《管壳式换热器》进行设计、制造、检验
及验收,并接受压力容器安全技术监查规程的监督。
This compressor is equipped with three sets of inter-section coolers. Those
coolers are designed, manufactured, inspected and accepted strictly according to
GB151-1999 Tube-Shell Heat Exchanger and supervised as per Procedure for
Safety Technology Supersion of Pressure Vessel. Gas cooler drawing numbers for
section I 、section II and section Ⅲare respectively named as 411.213TQ872 、
411.214TQ873and 411.215TQ874.
管侧壳侧
段数 I /II/III I /II/III
设计压力 Mpa 1.0/3.0/9.8 1.0/0.7/0.7
Design Pressure Mpa
气密性实验压力 Mpa
水压试验压力 Mpa 1.41/3.95/12.25 1.25/0.85/0.85
Pressure for water pressure test (MPa)
设计温度 ℃ 250/200/230 70/70/70
Design temperature (℃)
工作介质 CO2/ CO2/ CO2 水/水/水
Working medium
第 148 页共 190 页
腐蚀裕量 mm 0/0/0 3/3/3
Corrosion allowance (mm)
耗水量 (正常点) T/H 315/250/305
Water consumption (T/H)
换热面积㎡ 360/208/142
Heat exchange area (m2)
结构形式:
中间冷却器为 U 型管式换热器。主要由壳体、管束、管箱等部件组成，在
壳体的上下部均装有带盲法兰的排气及排水管，用户安装时可根据现场情况将
盲法兰去掉安装阀门或带阀门的管路。
在两个冷却器底部分别有两个鞍式支座，在一个鞍式支座下面设有长圆孔,
在底部冷却器带长圆孔的鞍式支座下面配有滑动板，以防止由于换热引起的膨
胀变形，安装滑动板时一定注意，滑动板上的地脚螺栓配有两套螺母，两螺母
在装配时上下螺母之间一定要拧紧，下面的螺母与滑动板之间要留有 1~3mm
的间隙，以利于设备受热膨胀时鞍式支座在滑动板上能不受外力的约束自由的
滑动。
This is a U-shell heat exchanger, which is mainly composed of shell, tube
bundle, shell cover, floating head cover, tube chamber and etc. Both tops and
bottoms of shell, shell cover and tube chamber are provided with gas discharging
pipes and water drainage pipes also with blind flanges. Customer may remove blind
flanges and install valves or pipelines with valves as per site conditions during
installation. Cooler is equipped with two saddle type pedestals, under one of which
第 149 页共 190 页
there is a slot hole. Under the pedestal with a slot hole, there is a sliding plate so as
to prevent expansion deformation due to heat exchange. While installation of the
sliding plate, notice must be paid that there are two sets of nuts for anchor bolts on
the sliding plate, which must be tightened between up and down during installation,
and 1~3mm clearance has to be maintained between nut and sliding plate so as to
make saddle type pedestal moving freely on the sliding plate in case of heat
expansion.
检修说明/Instruction for Maintenance
本产品根据用户的水质情况使用一段时间后必须进行检修。冷却器的安装
应留有足够的空间来满足拆装和维修的需要。检修时首先将壳体，管箱中的残
留液体排放干净,然后打开管箱并将管板上的吊环螺钉装上,再慢慢地将管束抽
出进行清洗, 对其内外侧进行清洗，可采用液压清洗，使用高压喷射枪和高压
喷水器，也可采用机械清洗和化学清理的方法。当管板与管连接处发生泄露时，
可采用补胀的,方法，如果是换热管发生泄露时可以堵塞换热管，但应控制数量。
在吊装过程中和清洗时一定要注意保护换热管和密封面且勿碰撞管束,待
清洗后把管束慢慢地推进壳体,然后卸掉吊环螺钉。检修时须更换所有的垫片。
清洗安装后按压力容器使用和维护的有关规定进行检验。检验合格后,壳侧和管
侧分别进行水压试验,水温不得低于 5℃,水压试验压力按图纸及技术参数的要
求,水压试验合格后方可投入使用。
According to water quality at customer’s site, this product must be maintained
after certain time for use. Firstly, residual liquid in shell, shell cover and tube
chamber should be discharged completely; secondly, shell cover and tube chamber
第 150 页共 190 页
should be opened, bots on floating head cover should be taken away, supporting
flange should be taken out, floating tube plate and floating head cover should be
separated, four srews fixed on tube plate should be removed, lifting screw should be
installed and tube bundle should be pulled out slowly for cleaning. During lifting
and cleaning, notice must be paid against to protection against tube bundle without
collision against tube bundle. After cleaning, screw on floating tube plate should be
removed, lifting screw should be installed, tube bundle should be pushed inside
shell slowly and original screws should be installed. For installation of other
components, all gaskets must be replaced. After cleaning and installation, it should
be checked as per regulations for use and maintenance of pressure vessel; upon
qualified inspection, hydraulic pressure test should be done at shell side and tube
side, with water temperature not lower than 5℃. Pressure of hydraulic pressure test
should conform to requirements in drawing and technical parameters. It can be put
into operation only after qualified water pressure test.
气体冷却器的安装应留有足够的空间来满足拆装、维修的需要，在安装前
一般应将管束抽出检查、清扫，抽管束时应注意保护密封面和换热管。为了防
止管路变形和应力集中，安装时冷却器连接表面必须平行，不能强力组装。
The installation of gas cooler should be left with enough space to meet the
need of assembly and disassembly and maintenance. Prior to installation, the pipe
bundle is generally pulled out for inspection and cleaning. When the pipe bundle is
being pulled out, it is necessary to pay attention to protecting the sealing face and
heat exchange pipe. In order to prevent pipeline deformation and stress
第 151 页共 190 页
concentration, the connecting surface of the cooler must be parallel during
installation and should not be assembled by brute force.
在启动气体冷却器之前，必须开启壳侧放气口排空，使流体充满设备，
同时检查气体和水的流动方向与图纸保持一致。开车或停车过程中应逐渐升温
或降温，以免造成压差过大和热冲击，开车前冷却水应在气流之前流动，以便
防止因气体的高温或热震而毁坏管路，停机时应首先停止气流，然后再停冷却
水。
注:冷却水的水质和设计参数必须符合合同的规定,如不符合,影响换热效
果用户自行负责。
Before the gas cooler is started, the relief ports at the shell side and pipe side
must be opened to be emptied so as to make the fluid fill in the equipment, and at
the same time the flow direction of gas and water must be maintained consistent
with the drawing. In the starting or stopping process, it is necessary to gradually
increase or decrease the temperature in order to avoid too larger differential pressure
and thermal shock. Prior to starting, the cooling water should flow in front of the air
flow so as to prevent from damaging the pipeline due to the high temperature of gas
or thermal shock. During stopping, firstly stop the air flow and then the cooling
water.
Note: The cooling water and designing parameter should be specified to the
contract or it would affect performance of exchange heater.
此台压缩机的三台气液分离器，严格按照 GB150《钢制压力容器》进行设
计、制造、检验及验收,并接受《压力容器安全技术监查规程》的监督，图号分
第 152 页共 190 页
别为 431.474TL569、431.475TL570、431.476TL571、431.477TL572。
Three gas-liquid separators of the compressor are designed, manufactured,
inspected and accepted in strict accordance with GB150-98 Steel Pressure Vessels,
and accept the supervision of Rules for Supervision of Pressure Vessel Safety
Technology, where the figure number is respectively 431.474TL569,
431.475TL570 、431.476TL571 and 431.477TL572.
主要技术参数:
Main technical parameters:
容器类别一类/一类/二类/二类
Type of vessel I/II/III
设计压力 Map 0.8 / 1.0 / 3.0/ 9.8
Design pressure (Map)
水压试验压力 Map 1.0 / 1.25 /3.75/12.25
Pressure for water pressure test (Map)
设备容积 m3 17 / 6.2/ 3.39 /1.2
Equipment volume (m3)
设计温度 ℃ 70 / 70 / 70 / 70
Design temperature (℃)
工作介质 CO2/ CO2/ CO2 / CO2
Working medium
腐蚀裕量 mm 0 /0 /0/0
Corrosion allowance (mm)
第 153 页共 190 页
结构形式:
Structural type：
此三台进口分离器为立式分离器。主要由壳体、上下封头、支架、除沫网、
人孔等部件组成。在壳体上面有液位开关接口、液位计接口及变送器接口，且
接口上均有阀门,当液位开关和变送器过程中有问题时可将阀门闭掉，分离器
下部安装有的排液口。
The three gas-liquid separators are vertical type, which are mainly composed
of shell, seal head, support, defaming net and manhole and so on. Liquid level
transmitter connector arranged on the shell is applied to regulate and control the
liquid level, and a valve is also arranged on the connector. When problems take
place in the regulation or use process of liquid level indicator and transmitter, the
valve can be closed.
检修说明:
Overhaul description:
本产品使用一段时间后必须进行检修。首先将壳体中的残留液体排放干净,
然后打开人孔盖,进入壳体内部进行检修 ,在吊装和清洗时一定要注意且勿碰
撞壳体,待清洗后, 装上人孔盖。安装其他部件时必须更换所有的垫片,清洗安装
后,按压力容器使用和维护的有关规定进行检验,检验合格后,进行水压试验,水
温不得低于 5℃,水压试验压力按图纸及技术参数的要求,水压试验合格后方可
投入使用。
After the product is used for a period of time, it must be subject to overhaul.
Firstly drain the residual liquid in the shell and then open the manhole cover to enter
第 154 页共 190 页
into the shell for overhauling. During hoisting and cleaning, don’t collide against
the shell. After cleaning, install the manhole cover. When installing other
components, replace all gaskets. After cleaning and installation, conduct inspection
according to relevant provisions for use and maintenance of pressure vessels. After
the pressure vessels are qualified in inspection, conduct water pressure test, where
the water temperature should not be lower than 5℃. The pressure for water pressure
test should meet the requirement of drawings and technical parameters. After being
qualified in water pressure test, the pressure vessels can be put into use.
第9章变速器/ Gear Box

9.1 用途/ Application
本变速器用于透平压缩机的增速传动，也可用于汽轮机和其他高速旋转机
械的增减速传动。
The gear box is used for the speed-increasing transmission of compressors、and
turbine pumps. It also can be used for the speed-increasing transmission of steam
turbines and other high-speed rotating machine.
9.2 变速器结构特征的概述/The description for the structure of gear box

9.2.1 说明/Description
齿轮装置的主要特点:
The principal features of the gear unit are：
箱体:箱体有铸造或焊接，具有足够支撑刚度，保持齿轮和轴承精确定心。
Case：It is casted or welded, with a sufficient support rigidity, keeping precise
centering between the gear and bearing.
第 155 页共 190 页
齿轮:单斜齿、齿表面硬化、锻造合金钢、磨齿齿轮。
Gear: Single helical, surface-hardened and grinding gears with forged alloy
steel.
轴承:/Bearing:
大齿轮：/bull gear:
支撑轴承：圆瓦轴承；支推轴承：圆瓦＋米歇尔推力轴承
Journal bearing: cylindrical bearing ； Thrust bearing: cylindrical Michelle
thrust bearing
小齿轮：/Pinion
支撑轴承：四油页轴承；支推轴承：四油页＋米歇尔推力轴承
Journal bearing：Four lobe bearing；Thrust bearing：Four lobe Michelle thrust
bearing
密封及喷油:水平剖分的挡板式装配在上、下箱体中间；喷油为上、下两
端喷油。
Seals：Split horizontally, fitted in lower and upper gear case.
9.2.2 车间试运转/ Shop running test
每一台齿轮箱均在规定的润滑油温和油压下进行机械试运转。在整个试运
转期间应将各有关数据记录下来。
Every gear unit is given mechanical running test at specified lube oil
temperature and pressure. All relevant operation data are recorded throughout the
test.
试运转后，应将齿轮箱全部拆开，并对所有的部件进行外观上检查。
第 156 页共 190 页
After running test, the gearbox is completely disassembled and all parts
visually inspected.
9.2.3 在起吊整个齿轮箱时，应使用下部齿轮箱上的吊耳。不准使用上部吊耳吊
整个齿轮箱。
The gearbox should be lifted by lifting lugs on lower gear case. Don’t lift the entire
gearbox by lugs on upper.
9.2.4 在搬运齿轮装置时，应遵守下列注意事项:
Pay attention to the following items when transport gear unit:
a.绝对不允许不垫上滑木拖动齿轮装置，这样会擦伤机加工的安装表面，
而且还可能使箱体受力过大而损坏。
Absolutely prohibit pulling gear unit on padded wood block, for it would
scratch machining surface, and may damage due to high force performed on the
case.
b.当吊具系在齿轮装置上时，应注意负载状态，为避免压坏或扯松外部构
件(油管、仪表等)必须用木块使吊具与齿轮装置隔开。
Pay attention to the load condition when fitted lifting device on the gear unit,
avoiding damage or loose the outside parts (oil pipe, instruments etc.)
9.2.5 存放/Storage
9.2.5.1 在齿轮装置到达目的时，该装置在买方负责代表监督下，检查运输期间
有无损坏。如果到达时，发现损坏，应立即通知制造厂家。
On arrival at its destination ， the gear ， under supervision of a responsible
representative of the customer ， should be inspected for damages incurred during
第 157 页共 190 页
transport. If a gear is found to be damaged on arrival ， manufacturer must
immediately by notified.
9.2.5.2 如果齿轮装置存放时，应存放在干燥清洁的室内的平地上。且室内温度
尽可能均匀。
The gear should be stored in a clean dry room at as uniform a temperature as
possible.
9.2.5.3 室外存放时齿轮装置垫上滑木离开地面，并应用防水油布或其他相应的
保护品盖上。外部裸露的金属表面应重新涂防锈剂。
The gear unit is lifted ground by sliding wood block，covering water proof oil cloth
or other similar things，bare metal surface should repainting with anti-rust painting.
9.3 变速器的安装、调整、试车 Installation、Adjustment and Commission

of Gearbox
9.3.1 齿轮箱的安装/Installation of Gearbox
齿轮箱在往基础上安装前，对齿轮及轴承及外部应进行清洗，并将防蚀涂
层用溶剂清除掉。
Clean wheel, bearing and their outside, and remove the anti-corrosion painting
with solvent.
9.3.2 齿轮的校准/Alignment of gear train
为计算驱动与被驱动机器的齿轮箱的正确效果，应考虑齿轮轴的中心的位
置，因此，在负载下运转时，齿轮轴心不仅由于箱体的热膨胀，也由于作用在
齿轮的齿面上动力而发生偏移。
To compute the correct alignment of gearbox to driving and driven machine，it
第 158 页共 190 页
has to considered that the centers of gear shafts ， for the gear center is not only
displayed by thermal expansion of gear case but also by dynamic forces on the gear
teeth when operation under load.
9.3.2.1 齿轮箱的安装/Seating of gearbox
齿轮箱必须稳固地安装在支撑板上或予制的基础上，其中垫板厚度应一
致。齿轮箱和垫板间不应有间隙。在确定齿轮箱正确安装后，拧紧基础螺栓以
便按 9.3.2.2 规定进行检查。
The gearbox must be rested evenly on all support pads or prepared foundation，
resp. shimplate which of course are of exactly equal thickness. No gaps between
gearbox and pads are acceptable. After having verified correct seating of gearbox
the foundation bolts are tightened for check 9.3.2.2.
9.3.2.2 齿接触检查/Check of geartooth contact
随机附图中技术要求表示的齿轮箱是在环境温度下正确的无负载齿接触
情况。这种齿接触是在齿轮制造时，箱体在水平、无变形的位置上确定的。可
以在现场安装期间通常要重新检查以证实安装的正确。
The attached drawing of every gear unit shows a sketch of proper no-load
tooth contact for gearbox at ambient temperature. This tooth contact is established
during manufacturing at the gearbox with gearcase in level and undistorted position
and must always be rechecked during installation on site to verify the correct
mounting.
建议检查时将上箱体取下，将大齿轮上的几个相邻齿脱脂，并且在齿轮的
工作一侧薄薄地涂上一层均匀“红章丹”。然后，按运行方向转动齿轮。这样
第 159 页共 190 页
“红章丹”就转印在小齿轮的齿面上，形成一条接触带。此接触带大致与附图
上技术要求相符。由于基础不正确引起的任何偏差，应通过调整垫片进行适当
的校正。然后再次检查。
It is recommended to remove the gearcase upper part when checking, a few
consecutive teeth on the gearwheel are regreased and a thin even layer of engineers
red applied to the tooth flank. The wheel is then rotated so that engineers red will be
transferred to the flanks of the pinion teeth. The contact pattern for tooth flanks, so
obtained, should conform approx. to the sketch on the attached drawing. Any
deviations caused by incorrect foundations should be corrected. The appropriate
corrections should be made by changes in shimming and then the check repeated.
至此，齿轮箱校准结束。如果齿轮箱移动时，应重复上述着色检查。此检查结
果可转印在透明的胶带纸上，可做永久的记录。这种记录则可保存以便与将来
的检查进行比较。
Thereafter the alignment of the gearbox is finalized and the red-check repeated if
gearbox has been moved. A permanent record of the pattern may be made by
sticking transparent adhesive tape which can be removed and stuck onto paper. This
record can then be kept for comparison with future checks.
9.3.3 最后准备 Final preparations
齿接触检查后，将齿轮箱用螺栓牢固地固定在基础上，上箱体应重新盖上
并仔细密封好。然后，用二个定位销(每台齿轮箱提供二个)销好(见图一)，保
护齿轮箱，防止横向串动。安装必须牢固。支撑板的销孔应与齿轮箱的地脚
法兰配钻。
第 160 页共 190 页
After the check for geartooth contact with gearbox firmly bolted to base, the
inspection cover is replaced and carefully sealed. The gearbox is then secured
against lateral dislocation by installing two lock pins (supplied with each gearbox)
on the foundation (see fig.1). The holes on supporting plate have to be drilled to the
same diameter as the holes in the gearcase anchor flange.
在齿轮箱安装在基础上后，将膜片联轴器和润滑油管路与其相应的关键部
件连接起来。
After the gearbox is permanently located on foundation, gear coupling, lube oil
piping and related key parts are connected up.
注:如果齿轮箱在齿接触检查后几天内不投入生产，特别是当现场的环境
恶劣时，则应恢复齿轮箱防蚀保护。
第 161 页共 190 页
Note: If the gearbox is not to be started up within days after checking tooth
contact, the corrosion protection of gearteeth is to be restored especially is severe
conditions prevail at site.
9.4 操作/Operation
9.4.1 开车准备/Preparation for start-up
整个油系统在开车前应彻底地进行冲洗。开始冲洗时应将齿轮箱断开 (旁
通)，直到过滤器冲洗干净为止。当连同齿轮箱一起冲洗时，在齿轮箱入口必
须临时装有 50 微米细目滤网。
注意:滤网在开车前必须取下。
The whole oil system is to be very thoroughly flushed before the first start-up of the
geartrain. The gearbox is to be excluded (by-passed) during the initial stages of
flushing, until the filter remains reasonably clean. When the gearbox is included in
the flushing process, a straining mesh approx. 50 microns must be fitted temporatily
at the gear inlet.
Attention: The strainer must be removed before starting up.
9.4.2 开车/Start-up
开车时，润滑油必须达到规定的标准油压。开车时润滑油允许的温度为 40
±5℃。所有的油压、油温、振动等监控仪表均应灵敏好用。
The lube oil pressure must upto the specified normal value when starting-up.
The minimum allowable temperature of the lube oil for starting is 40±5℃.
9.4.3 负载时齿轮的齿接触/Geartooth contact under load
在满负载时齿轮的齿工作面接触应均匀地在整个齿面(沿齿宽)上延伸。
第 162 页共 190 页
At full load the geartooth contact should extend uniformly over the whole face
width.
安装期间正确的无负载齿面接触的着色检查为了保证满负载接触，即在满
负载试车时无需校正。
Red check for the correct no-load contact pattern during installation ensures a
full-load contact, which need no correction under full load running test.
为了检查满负载接触，在大齿轮圆周上的相邻几个齿在车间试车后，已涂
了一层薄薄的红漆，这种漆在短时间运转后，通过颜色磨掉的情况可以清楚地
判明满负载在工作齿面的接触。
To check the full load pattern, some neighbor teeth around the circumference
of bull gear have been coated with a thin, even layer of red lacquer after the shop
running test, which will clearly indicates the load contact by being worn off after a
short operating time.
齿轮的齿面接触痕迹，在试车期间，必须由检查人员通过检查盖进行检查:
The geartooth contact pattern must be checked via the inspection cover during
commissioning by the responsible engineers;
a)在部分负载运转后或 2～3 次开车后进行第一次检查时，测得之接触应
清楚地表示与无负载时的接触相符。
The first check is to be made after some part-load operation or after 2 to 3
start-ups. The observed pattern should clearly indicated conformity with no-load
(red) pattern.
b)满负载几小时后应再次检查齿接触。接触应至少达到 90％而不应出现一
第 163 页共 190 页
端接触.如果齿面接触出现不能令人满意时，可逐步按须序调整箱体与支撑板之
间的每块垫片。然后重复上述齿接触校正操作。
After several hours of full load operation, the tooth contact pattern should be
checked again. It should extend over at least 90% of the face width without
indication of heavier loading to one side. To correct an unsatisfactory tooth contact
pattern the gearcase is to be shimmed stepwise, and the procedure repeated.
9.4.4 润滑油压的监控/Monitoring the lube oil pressure
报警和停车整定值示于证明书。监控油压通常参照系统的油压即节流阀前
的油压。
Settings for alarm and shut-down are given in certificate. The oil pressures
mentioned always refer to the system pressure, i.e. ahead of any throttling valve.
9.4.5 温度监控/Monitoring the temperatures
车间试车时测得轴承温度不允许接近估算满负载时所测得之温度。
The bearing temperatures measured at the shop running test should not up to
the temperatures measured at estimated full load.
建议在正确实际满负载的轴承温度时，还要考虑到所要求进油温度波动:
Therefore we recommend to set actual full load bearing temperature, considering
also the expected oil inlet temperature fluctuation:
a)报警整定值要比实际满负载时轴承温度高为 5℃。
Alarm setting temperature should 5 ℃ above actual normal full load
temperature.
b)停机整定值要比报警整定值高 10℃。
第 164 页共 190 页
Shut-down setting should 10 ℃ above alarm setting.
由于考虑到轴承衬里巴氏合金的强度，温度不得超过下列极限:
Considered bearing Babbit strength, the following temperatures limit can not
to be exceeded.
垂直装在套管内的温度计报警 80℃ 停机 90℃
Thermometers mounted vertically in sleeve Alarm Shut-down
埋入式测量报警 105℃ 停机 115℃
Embedding measurement Alarm Shut-down
此外，齿轮箱在转速，负载和进油温度不变的情况下，温度波动时则应停
机。
The geartrain should be shut-down in the event of temperature fluctuating with
constant speed, load and oil inlet temperature.
9.4.6 振动监控/Monitoring the vibrations
齿轮箱使用的测振装置全部示于附图内。
The vibration equipment used for the gearbox is fully listed on the attached
drawing.
在齿轮装置试车期间应确定报警和停机的整定值尽可能低一些，否则定高
了在瞬时间不稳定时装置不能停机。
The settings for alarm and shut-down during the commissioning should be set
as low as possible, or too high to be shuted-down during transient instability.
振动极限标准整定值/Standard setting of vibration limits:
报警:2 倍于 API613 规定的极限(密耳/峰间值)
第 165 页共 190 页
Alarm: 2 times of the spec, API613-limit ( mils/pp)
停机:报警整定值+1 密耳。
Shut-down: Alarm setting + 1mil

9.4.7 故障排除/Trouble shooting
━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━
现象 │ 原因 │ 处理
───────────┼───────────┼─────────
1.润滑油压不足或不正常│油泵磨损 │大修油泵
│溢流阀坏了或调节的不好│检查调节或修理
│过滤器堵塞 │清洗必要时更换滤芯
│泵吸入口有空气 │密封漏泄
│油箱中油位低 │找出原因再加油
│润滑油漏泄 │检修或更换密封
│油流量不足 │调节调压角伐，提
│ │高油压力。
───────────┼───────────┼─────────
2.轴承温度高 │轴承油压不足 │检查油系统,增加齿
│ │轮箱的供油量。
│轴承间隙不正确 │校正达到公称间隙
│润滑油冷却不好 │检查油冷器,清洗水
│ │垢。
│轴校准太差 │齿轮轴系重新校准
━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━
━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━
───────────┼───────────┼─────────
3.齿轮箱过热 │油流量太大 │检查油压，检查是否
│ │把孔板取掉(如装配
│ │时)
│回流不足 │加大或重新布置回油
│ │管。
│润滑油起沫 │更换润滑油
───────────┼───────────┼─────────
4.由于润滑而造成的齿轮│润滑不足 │检查润滑系统，特别
联轴器的磨损迹象 │ │是喷嘴经常清净。
│脏物聚集 │安装辅助过滤器或离
│ │心式滤器。
│轴未校准 │重新校准轴
━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━
━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━
第 166 页共 190 页
───────────┼───────────┼─────────
5.振动 │轴承有缺陷或磨损 │更换轴承
│齿有缺陷 │装备用转子
│不平衡 │重新找动平衡(大、
│ │小齿轮)
│轴弯曲 │检查中心偏移，装备
│ │用转子。
│齿轮联轴器磨损 │参见节 4
│齿轮的齿接触不合格(轴 │作无负载齿接触检查
│校准不合格) │并校正轴的不直度。
│箱体变形 │检查基础
───────────┼───────────┼─────────
6.噪声 │齿有缺陷 │装备用转子
│齿接触不正确(一端接触)│重调齿接触，检查
│ │基础。
│齿联轴器有缺陷 │参考节 4
│油泵有缺陷(直接驱动的 │检查泵和驱动装置，
│泵) │必要时更换。
━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━
━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━
──────────┼──────────┼───────────
7.齿接触不正确(满负 │由于安装不合格或基础│恢复正确的齿接触
载时，接触面不小 │变化造成箱体变形 │检查基础
于齿宽 90％) │轴承磨损或校准不正确│更换轴承或校直大、小
│ │齿轮。
──────────┼──────────┼───────────
8.齿接触反常 │润滑油粘度不够 │与供油户联系，更换油。
损坏: │ │
划伤: │润滑油有化学浸蚀成分│对油进行分析、必要时更
│ │换油。
腐蚀: │ │
过热: │ │
│ │
│齿轮齿润滑油供应不足│检查油系统，清洗喷射孔
│齿隙小(只调节轴承) │恢复正确的齿隙
│润滑油内有杂质(金属 │清洗系统和齿轮箱
│颗粒、磨屑、型砂等) │
━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━
━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━
─────────┼────────────┼──────────
第 167 页共 190 页
9.齿有裂痕 │ 齿接触不正确(一端接触)│安装备用转子，恢复
│ 过载 │正确的齿接触。
│ 由于杂质通过齿啮合而造│
│ 成的冲击负载，疲劳破坏│
│ 齿面局部损坏时起动(遭 │
│ 受撞击或由于冶金原因) │
━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━
Observation Possible Cause Remedy
1. Insufficient or Warn on oil pump Overhaul pump
irregular lube oil
pressure Overflow valve broken Check adjustment or
or maladjusted Repair
Choke on filter Clean, replace when

Necessary
Air in pump suction Seal leak

Line
Low oil level in tank Find reason and re-fill
Leakage of lube oil Repair or replace seal
Insufficient oil flow Adjust pressure

adjustment
Angle valve，increase oil
Pressure
2.High temperature of Insufficient oil pressure to bearings Check oil system
bearing Increase oil flow to
gearbox
Incorrect bearing clearance
Correct to nominal
Improper lube oil cooling
Check oil cooler, clean
Excessive misalignment of shaft water foul
Ro-align geartrain shaft

system
3.Excessive heat-up of Too high of oil flow Check oil pressure, check
gearbox if orifice （when fitted）
has been mistakenly
Insufficient oil return removed
Foaming of lube oil Enlarge or re-arrange

return piping
Change lube oil

4. Signs of wear on Insufficient lubrication Check lubrication system,
第 168 页共 190 页
gear couplings due to Especially spray nozzles

lubrication Dirt accumulation keep clean.
Shaft-misalignment
Install stand-by filter of
centrifugal filter
Re-align shaft
5.Vibrations Defect or worn on bearings Replace bearings
Defect of tooth
Install spare rotors
Unbalance
Re-balance shafts(Bull
gear and pinion)
Bent shaft
Check center displacement
Install spare rotors
Wear of gear couplings Refer to section 4
Unsatisfactory gear tooth contact Make no-load tooth

(unsatisfied shaft alignment) contact check and correct
shaft alignment
Deformation of gear case
Check foundation
6.Notise Defect of tooth Install spare rotors
Improper tooth contact (corner loading) Readjust tooth-contact

Check foundation
Defect of gear coupling
Refer to section 4
Defect of oil pump （ directly driven
pumps） Check pump and drive
machine, replace if
necessary.
7.Improper tooth Gearcase distorted due to faulty Restore proper tooth

contact （less than 90% installation or changes in foundation contract.
of tooth width at full
load） Bearing worn or misaligned Check foundation
Replace bearings or
correct alignment of bull
and pinion.
8. Abnormal tooth Insufficient viscosity of lube oil Contact supplier and
contact damage change oil
Scoring Chemical aggressive components in lube
Corrosion oil Have oil analyzed,
Overheating Change oil if necessary
Insufficient lube oil supply to gear teeth
Check oil system clean
第 169 页共 190 页
Backlash too small (adjustable bearings spray holes

only)
Restore proper backlash.
Impurities in lube oil (metal particles,
grinding dust，mounding sand etc.)
Clean system and gearbox.
9.Tooth fracture Improper tooth contact (corner loading) Install repair rotor and
restore proper tooth
Shock load due to foreign body passing contact.
tooth mesh. Fatigue failure starting at
localized fault in tooth surface(due to
impact or metallurgy)
9.5 维护/Maintenance
9.5.1 检查/Inspections
9.5.1.1 齿工作面的接触/Geartooth contact
试车结束投入生产后，至少每年进行一次齿工作面的接触的外观检查。详
见节 9.4.3。齿工作面应沿齿宽均匀啮合而无一端或边棱接触。一端或边棱接
触最终可能导致油膜破坏从而划伤齿工作面或产生过大的局部应力而使齿破
坏。所以对于不合要求的齿接触应立即校正。
Put into operation after commissioning, the contact pattern of the loaded tooth
flank should be checked visually at least once every year. (see 9.4.3) The tooth
flanks should show a full width even meshing pattern with no sign of corner-loading.
A one-sided tooth contact may eventually lead to oil film breakdown, then scoring
of tooth flanks or excessive localized stress resulting tooth breakage, An
unsatisfactory tooth contact should therefore immediately be corrected.
9.5.1.2 轴承/Bearing
每个轴承上都安装有温度计或埋入式测温元件，为了测得可靠的轴承磨
损，应按下列规定进行:
第 170 页共 190 页
Thermometers are mounted on each bearing to obtain a reliable measure of bearing
wear should be proceed as follows:
a) 取下大、小齿轮
Remove bull gear and pinion.
b) 将压盖重新压上并拧紧轴承压盖上的螺栓。
Re-install caps and tighten bolts on bearing cap.
c) 用内径千分表测量轴承内孔径。
Measure bearing bore diameter with bore micrometer.
d)测量轴的轴颈，并从孔径减去轴径即得到直径间隙。
Measure journals of shaft and subtract from bore diameter to obtain
diametrical clearance.
e) 小齿轮应分别测量轴承垂直、水平的孔径；减去轴径即得到垂直、水
平的直径间隙。
For the pinion, measure vertical and horizontal journals of shaft and subtract
from bore diameter to obtain diametrical clearance.
轴承允许最大间隙列于证明书。轴承磨损量应保证大、小齿轮轴振动不超过
允许值。如超过轴振动的允许值，建议更换轴承。
The allowable maximum clearance of the bearings is listed on gearbox certificate
par.1.1. These wear limits apply only when shaft vibration of pinion and gear retains
within allowable range. It is recommended to replace bearings when shaft vibration
is exceeded.
9.5.1.3 齿侧间隙/Backlash
第 171 页共 190 页
一对齿轮的啮合侧隙通常采用压铅丝法应符合证明书规定。假若齿接触正
确，增大齿轮的啮合侧隙(即由于轴承磨损造成的)则不会损害渐开线齿形的齿
轮箱的功能。
Backlash of pair gear is measured normally with lead wire pressed acc. to the
stipulation of certificate. The function of involute gears is not impaired by enlarged
backlash of the gear teeth (e.g. due to bearing wear) if the tooth contact remains
corrects.
9.5.2 齿轮箱的拆卸/Disassembly of Gearbox
a) 将仪表从齿轮箱上部拆下；
Disassemble the instruments from gearcase.
b) 将上箱盖吊起；
Lift the upper gearcase.
c) 将喷油管拆下；
Dismantle spray piping.
d) 取下轴承盖；
Remove the bearings.
e) 取下轴承的上半部；
Remove the upper part of bearings.
9.5.3 齿轮箱的装配/Assembly of gearbox
a) 在组装前轴承面要涂一层润滑油；
Before assembly，coat lube oil on the bearing.
b) 为了正确地装配两半轴承及箱体，轴承盖上作标记；
第 172 页共 190 页
Make indication on bearing cover in order to assemble the two half bearings
and case correctly.
c) 将低速轴绝对水平地放入下半轴承内，以免损坏推力轴承台肩；
Lower the low speed shaft into the, bearing absolutely level and very carefully
to avoid damaging the thrust bearing shoulders.
d) 齿轮箱内的每一螺栓或螺帽都应销定。
Every bolt or nut inside the gearcase is to be locked.
e) 上下箱体结合面应涂以密封胶。
Apply new sealing compound to the mating faces of upper and lower gearcase.
9.5.4 轴承更换/Replacement of bearings
如果径向轴承磨损，则应更换。因为磨损的轴承会改变齿面校准。在安装
新轴承时，应按下列方法检查轴承盖是否有过盈:首先在轴承压盖一侧把螺栓拧
紧，另一侧松开，然后将塞尺塞在轴承盖与下箱体结合之间的松开侧，其间隙
应在 0.03～0.09mm 内。如若不符时，可用加垫片或修磨调整垫片。更换轴
承后，必须进行重新按照节 9.3.3.2 和节 9.4.3 检查齿面接触情况。当推力轴承
磨损大约 0.2mm 时，应更换。标准轴向间隙见证明书中规定值。
If journal bearings show sign of wear they should be replaced since a worn
bearing will alter the tooth contact and also the alignment of the geartrain, when
installing the new bearing cap, loosing the other side. Insert feeler gauge between
the mating surfaces of cap and gearcase. The gap must be between 0.03 and
0.09mm. Add shims or readjust shims when unsatisfied.
After replacement journal bearing, it is essential to re-cheek the geartooth
第 173 页共 190 页
contact as per paragraph 9.3.2 and 9.4.3.
Thrust bearings should be replaced after they have worn approx. 0.2mm. The
standard axial clearance range is listed in certificate of gearbox.
9.5.5 转动部件的更换/Replacement of rotating parts
在更换转动部件时，首先应检查无负载情况下齿面接触，然后进行短时间
满负载检查(见 9.3.2.2 和 9.4.3)。当更换联轴器时，需要重新检查更换联轴器的
齿轮轴的动平衡。
When rotating parts are replaced, first the tooth contact at no-load has to be
checked and later check after short time full load operations (see paragraph 9.3.3.2
and 9.4.3)
9.5.6 润滑油/Lube oil
润滑油由于大气的氧化作用及其烃分子的聚合渐渐地变质。由于生成酸的
结果，使轴承和齿面腐蚀增强。此外，油的粘度和泡沫也有影响，粘性残渣可
从油中沉淀出来，并附着在油管内。油粘度增大会导致轴承温度的升高以及加
速氧化作用，从而降低齿轮箱的啮合效率。所以应定期进行分析，以及确定
最经济的更换油的周期. 齿轮箱全部或部分拆卸进行大修之后，在开车前应将
彻底清洗(见 9.4.1)以防止轴承由于杂质而损坏。
Lube oil gradually deteriorates from the oxidizing effects of the atmosphere
and also due to polymerization of its hydrocarbon molecules. This results in the
formation of acids which give rise to corrosion in the bearings and tooth. In addition
to this, the viscosity and foaming properties of the oil are affected and gummy
residues may precipitate out of the oil and accumulated in the oil passages. Any rise
第 174 页共 190 页
in oil viscosity tends to increase bearing temperature as well as oxidation rate and
lower the efficiency of the gearunit. The lube oil should therefore be analyzed
periodically to establish the most economical oil change period. The gearbox should
be flushed thoroughly before restarting （see paragraph 9.4.1）to prevent bearing
damage (wear) by foreign particles after major overhaul which the gearbox was
fully or partially dismantled.
9.5.7 备件/Spare parts
每一备件订单均需对下列各项加以说明:
Please state the following on every order for spare parts:
a) 齿轮箱型号和订单号(合同号)
Type of gearbox and order No. (contract No.)
b) 根据装配附图应说明需要更换的另件和数量。
Quantity and part No. of the required replacements in accordance with the
attached assembly drawing.
第 175 页共 190 页
第 10 章自控系统说明
Chapter Ⅸ Automatic Control System Instruction
该部分见气路系统图 631.1151H1151, 631.1227H1151 润滑油路系统图
611.1133H1151。
Reference drawings: Gas path system (631.1151H1151), Lube oil System
(631.1227H1151).
就地仪表:温度计采用双金属温度计，压力表选用弹簧管压力表，一次温
度检测元件选用铂热电阻,分度号 Pt100,就地液位指示选用玻璃板液位计。机组
轴振动、轴位移仪表采用美国 Bentley 公司监控系统。压力开关、压力变送器
等关键仪表均采用进口或国产合资（独资）公司产品。机组控制系统采用
TRICON 的可编程逻辑与过程控制器。
Local instruments: It shall be Bi-metal temperature gauge, PI shall be bourdon
tube type pressure gauge, RTD shall be Pt100 type, and local level indicator shall be
double color glass type. The shaft vibration and axial displacement shall be Bently,
America. Pressure switches and transmitters shall be imported or from Joint
Adventure. Control system shall be TRICON.
10.1 气路系统/ Gas pipeline system

该部分主要包括：参数测量、保安装置、防逆流保护和防喘振控制等。
This part mainly consisted of: Data acquisition, safety device, anti-surge
device and anti-surge control, etc.
（一）参数测量/ Data acquisition
参数系指被压缩介质的温度、压力、流量等工艺参数。
第 176 页共 190 页
Data here means temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the compressed
medium.
1）介质温度监测/ Temperature Monitoring
在压缩机的各段进气和出气的管路上均安装有分度号为 Pt100 的测温铂热
电阻，将压缩机各段进气和出气的温度信号引至控制室进行显示并监控。
On the inlet and outlet of the compressor, Pt100 type RTD are installed as
primary sensor, it will send the signal to central control room for display and
control.
2）介质压力监测/ Pressure Monitoring
在压缩机的各段进气和出气的管路上均安装有压力变送器，将压缩机各段
进气和出气压力信号引至控制室显示并监控。
Pressure gauge and pressure transmitters are installed on both inlet and outlet
of the compressor, necessary pressure signal will be sent to central control room for
monitor and control.
3）介质流量监测/ Flow rate Monitoring
在压缩机高、低压缸入口管路上安装有流量测量元件及差压变送器，将介
质的流量信号引至控制室显示并监控。
Differential pressure transmitters are installed on the inlet pipe of high and low
pressure cylinder so as to guide the signals of media flow rate of the compressor to
the control room and then display and monitor such signals.
4)流程中各压力容器液位的监控/ The vessel liquid level monitoring
a．在各段入口分离器上均采用玻璃板液位计现场指示各压力容器的液位；
第 177 页共 190 页
The glass level meters are amounted at each stage inlet separators to
indicate the liquid level of each vessel.
b．各段入口分离器液位高联锁回路采用液位开关把信号送到控制室，当
液位高于联锁液位时，发出声光报警并联锁停机。
液位设定值：≥距液位开关上法兰 10mm
The level switch of high interlock loop will sent the signal to the central
control room. When the liquid level exceeds the setting limit, alarm and trip signal
will be given off.
Set valve: ≥distance between liquid level and upper flange of the level
switch 10mm
c．各段入口分离器液位监控及调节，在各段入口分离器处设有液位自动
调节回路，由液位变送器及液位调节阀组成。液位变送器将现场测得的液位信
号送至中控室，与设定值相比较后，输出一控制信号，用来控制液位调节阀的
开度，从而保持分离器内的正常液位。当液位低或高于报警设定值时，发出声
光报警。
At each stage inlet separator, there is level meter auto-regulating loop, which
consists of level transmitter and level adjusting valve. The level signal will be sent
to central control room through the level transmitter. After comparing with the set
valve, the control signal will be sent to regulate the level adjusting valve so as to
keep the separator level a normal valve. When the liquid level exceeds the setting
limit, alarm signal will be given off.
一段入口分离器报警设定值：
第 178 页共 190 页
液位≥90% 高报警
液位≤10% 低报警
二段入口分离器报警设定值：
液位≥93.75% 高报警
液位≤6.25% 低报警
三段入口分离器报警设定值：
液位≥90% 高报警
液位≤10% 低报警
一段入口分离器报警设定值：
液位≥87.5% 高报警
液位≤12.5% 低报警
Set valve of 1st stage inlet separator:
Meter level≥90% High Alarm
Meter level≤10% Low Alarm
Set valve of 2nd stage inlet separator:
Meter level≥93.75% High Alarm
Meter level≤6.25% Low Alarm
Set valve of 3rd stage inlet separator:
Meter level≥90% High Alarm
Meter level≤10% Low Alarm
Set valve of 1st stage inlet separator:
Meter level≥87.5% High Alarm
第 179 页共 190 页
Meter level≤12.5% Low Alarm
（二）保安装置/ Safety device
1. 开车联锁/ Start-up interlock
A）润滑油压力正常：≥0.25Mpa（G）
B）润滑油温度正常：≥35℃
C）防喘振调节阀全开
D）汽轮机具备开车条件
E）盘车停止
F）干气密封具备开车条件
*开车条件可按逻辑图的要求，满足上述条件压缩机方可开车。
A）Lube oil pressure at header ：≥0.25Mpa（G）
B）Lube oil temperature is OK ：≥35℃
C）Anti-surge valve fully OPEN.
D）Turbine’s in normal conditional.
E）Dry gas seal is of start-up condition.
* Start-up condition shall as per the logic diagram, only those conditions are
reached can the blower be START.
2. 保护装置/ Protection device
A）轴振动/ Shaft vibration instrument
轴振动的监视采用非接触式测振仪，在压缩机及汽轮机两侧轴端、变速机
高低速轴伸出端都装有测振探头，每侧两支，安装夹角为 90°，趋近器将探头
检测出的轴振动信号引至控制室进行监控。当轴振动超过报警设定值时，发出
第 180 页共 190 页
声光报警；当轴振动达到危险值时，除有声光报警外，停车联锁系统动作，自
动停车。
For shaft vibration monitoring, non-contact type measuring instruments are
adopted. On both end of shaft, two vibration probes are installed vertically (90
degree angle). The proximate convert the signal sensed by probes and sent it to
control room. When the vibration exceeds the alarm set value, audio alarm will be
sent, when it exceeds the trip set value, not only alarm will be sent out, but also the
PLC will trip the compressor unit.
设定值为：
压缩机轴振动≥63.5um 报警；
压缩机轴振动≥89um 停机；
汽轮机轴振动≥50um 报警；
汽轮机轴振动≥75um 停机；
变速机高速轴轴振动≥47um 报警；
变速机高速轴轴振动≥63um 停机；
变速机低速轴轴振动≥57um 报警；
变速机低速轴轴振动≥76um 停机；
Set value：
Compressor shaft vibration≥63.5um High Alarm；
Compressor shaft vibration≥89um Trip；
Turbine shaft vibration ≥50um High Alarm；
Turbine Shaft vibration≥75um Trip；
第 181 页共 190 页
Gear unit high speed shaft vibration≥47um High Alarm；
Gear unit high speed shaft vibration≥63um Trip；
Gear unit low speed shaft vibration≥57um High Alarm；
Gear unit low speed shaft vibration≥76um Trip；
B）轴位移/ Axial displacement
轴位移的监控采用非接触式轴位移测量仪，在压缩机及汽轮机的低压侧轴
端安装了两只测轴位移探头，可检测出轴位移情况，信号经趋近器引至控制室
进行监控。当轴位移超过报警设定值时，发出声光报警；当轴位移达到危险值
时，除有声光报警外，停车联锁系统动作，自动停机。
Non-contact probes are chosen for axial displacement measuring and
monitoring. Two probes are installed on the NDE of compressor, the signal will be
sent to central control room through proximate. When the axial displacement
exceeds the setting limit, alarm or trip signal will be given off and the compressor
will also be shutdown automatically when trip signal comes.
设定值为：
压缩机轴位移≥0.5 mm 报警；
压缩机轴位移≥0.7 mm 停机；
汽轮机轴位移≥0.56 mm 报警；
汽轮机轴位移≥0.8 mm 停机；
Set value:
Compressor axial displacement≥0.5 mm Alarm；
Compressor axial displacement ≥0.7 mm Trip；
第 182 页共 190 页
Turbine axial displacement≥0.56 mm Alarm；
Turbine axial displacement ≥0.8 mm Trip；
C）轴承温度/ Bearing temperature
在压缩机、汽轮机及变速机各轴承上分别装有分度号为 Pt100 的测温铂热
电阻，用来检测各轴承温度，测温元件检测出轴承温度信号引至控制室进行显
示并监控。当轴承温度超过报警设定值时，发出声光报警；当轴承温度达到危
险值时，除有声光报警外，停车联锁系统动作，自动停机。
Pt100 type RTD are installed for bearings of both turbine and blower for the
temperature measuring .The signal will be sent to central control room for monitor
and control. When the bearing temperature exceeds the alarm set value, alarm and
trip signal will be given off accordingly. In the meantime, interlock system will
shutdown the blower unit when it is needed.
设定值为：
压缩机轴承温度≥105℃报警；
压缩机轴承温度≥115℃停机；
汽轮机轴承温度≥105℃报警；
汽轮机轴承温度≥115℃停机；
变速机轴承温度≥105℃报警；
变速机轴承温度≥115℃停机；
Set value：
Compressor bearing temperature≥105℃ Alarm；
Compressor bearing temperature≥115℃ Trip；
第 183 页共 190 页
Turbine bearing temperature≥105℃ Alarm；
Turbine bearing temperature≥115℃ Trip；
Gear unit bearing temperature≥105℃ Alarm；
Gear unit bearing temperature≥115℃ Trip；
（三）防逆流保护/ Adverse flow protection
为防止逆流发生，在压缩机出口管路上设置止回阀，在停车过程中其阀瓣
可以自行快速关闭，以防止管网高压气流的倒流，达到保护机组的目的。
To prevent the adverse flow happens, non-return valve was installed on the
discharge line. During the shutdown, the valve disc will close automatically to
prevent the adverse flow of the high-pressure flow from the process line.
（四）防喘振控制/ Anti-surge control
当用户管网阻力增大到某值时，压缩机流量下降很快，当下降到一定程度
时，就会出现整个压缩机管网的气流周期性的振荡现象，压力和流量发生脉动，
同时发出异常噪声，即发生喘振，整个压缩机组受到严重破坏，因此压缩机严
禁在喘振区运行。为了防止喘振发生，本压缩机组设有防喘振控制回路。
If the resistance force from the customer’s process pipeline network increase to
a certain value, the discharge flow will decrease rapidly. A periodically airflow
surge occurs in the compressor pipeline network when the discharge flow rate drops
to a certain point. The discharge pressure and flow rate fluctuate greatly, in mean
time, abnormal noise appears, this phenomena is called surge. The compressor is
easily to be damaged when surge happens, thus the centrifugal compressor are not
allowed to be working in the surge area. Our compressor has the anti-surge control
第 184 页共 190 页
loop to prevent the occurrence of surge.
防喘振控制就是：无论压缩机的压比是多少，要保证压缩机的吸入流量比
喘振流量大，只有这样，才能保证压缩机稳定的工作。本机组防喘振控制采用
了压比（Pd/Ps）
～h/Ps 的计算方法，通过坐标转换，包容了分子量、流量、进
口压力、进口温度、出口压力、出口温度的变化影响，控制模型更加靠近喘振
线，从而保证压缩机组最大的工作区域。
防喘振控制参见下图：
The basis principium of anti-surge is that: Insure that the inlet flow rate is more
than the surge flow whatever the compression ratio. Only doing so, we can insure
the compressor is working stably. Here we use the calculation formula （Pd/Ps）～
h/Ps, through coordinate converting, this formula has include the effect of the
molecular, flow rate, inlet pressure, inlet temperature, outlet temperature, outlet
pressure. This make the control model more closely to the real surge line, thus
insure the compressor to have more stable working area. The anti-surge control loop
is as follows:
↑ SLL SCL
Pd/Ps
循环区安全区
h/Ps → →
第 185 页共 190 页
图中 SLL 为喘振线，SCL 为防喘振线，SCL 把压缩机工作面积（范围）
划分成两部分
·第一部分位于 SCL 的右侧，我们把它称为“安全区”
·第二部分在 SLL 和 SCL 之间，我们把它称为“循环区”
无论因为任何原因操作点在性能曲线上移动并到达 SCL，防喘振控制系统
必须打开防喘振阀。由此吸气流量增加，操作点再次移向安全区，这时防喘振
阀关闭。当机组联锁停车时，电磁阀失电，阀门膜头气迅速放掉，防喘振阀快
速打开，避免机组开、停车时发生喘振。
In the above diagram, SLL means surge line, SCL means anti-surge line, and
the SCL line partitions the working area into two parts.
The first part is on the right side of SCL line, we call it “Safe area”
The second part is the part between SLL and SCL; we call it “Recycle area”
No matter what causes the operation point move to the SCL line, anti-surge
function block must open the anti-surge valve to blow off, thus the inlet flow will
increase, then the operation point will move back to the “safe area” and anti-surge
valve will be closed automatically. When the blower unit was tripped by interlock,
the solenoid valve will be reenergized, the anti-surge valve will be open to prevent
surge happens during the startup and shutdown course.
10.2 润滑油系统/ Lube oil system

该系统的作用是给机组提供润滑油，由油箱、油冷却器、油过滤器、高位
油箱等组成。为保证机组润滑油温度、压力及流量的要求，润滑油系统设置了
必要的测量仪表、控制仪表和安全仪表。
第 186 页共 190 页
The main function of lube oil system is to supply proper lube oil for total turbo
blower unit. It is mainly consist of oil tank, oil cooler, oil filter, overhead oil tank,
etc., to insure proper temperature, pressure and flow rate of lube oil, necessary
instruments and control valves have been installed.
（一）就地测量仪表/ Local instruments
测量仪表包括：润滑油箱液位测量、油温及油压测量仪表。
Local instruments include the level indicator of oil tank, temperature gauge of
lube oil and lube oil pressure gauge.
1.油箱液位测量：采用双色玻璃板液位计进行现场测量指示。
Oil level indication：One bi-color glass type level meter has been chosen for
the local indication of oil tank level.
2.油温测量：采用双金属温度计对润滑油冷却器前后及机组各回油支管油
温进行现场指示。
Oil temperature indication： Bi-metal temperature gauge have been adopted
for local oil temperature indication before and after the oil cooler and the oil return
pipe.
3.油压测量：采用弹簧管压力表对各油泵出口、油过滤器后、油站出口总
管、润滑油进油总管以及机组轴承各进油支管压力进行现场指示。
Oil pressure indication：Burden type pressure gauge has been chosen for oil
pressure indication of oil pump discharge, oil filter downstream, oil supply line
header and those branch lube oil supply line for bearings.
（二）控制仪表和安全仪表/ Control elements and safety devices
第 187 页共 190 页
控制仪表和安全仪表主要组成：润滑油箱液位报警、润滑油压力调节、润
滑油温度报警、润滑油过滤器差压报警、润滑油高位油箱液位报警、备用润滑
油泵起动、报警、联锁等回路。
This part include the followings: Oil level low alarm, lube oil pressure
regulation, oil temperature high alarm, oil filter pressure drop, overhead oil tank low
level alarm, interlock of oil pumps.
1.润滑油箱液位报警回路/ Oil tank oil level low alarm loop
润滑油箱液位报警回路采用浮球液位开关把信号送到控制室，当液位低于
报警液位时，发出声光报警。
液位设定值：≥1015mm（距油箱顶部液位开关法兰面距离）报警
The float type level switch that has been installed on oil tank will send “Alarm
signal” to central control room when the oil level is less then the set value.
Oil level set value:≥1015mm alarm （ Distance from the level switch
connection flange）
2. 润滑油压力调节回路/ Lube oil pressure regulation loop
A)一次油压调节回路/ Primary oil pressure regulation loop：
在润滑油泵出口设有一次油压调节回路，采用阀前压力的调节，对油泵出
口压力进行一次调节。一次调节的作用：一是为二次油压调节提供稳定的油压；
二是为汽轮机提供一个稳定的调节油压。
调节设定值：1.1MPa(G)
Primary oil pressure regulation loop is acted on the oil pump discharge. The oil
pressure before the control valve is sensed and used to control the oil pump
第 188 页共 190 页
discharge pressure. The function of primary oil pressure regulation loop: To
supply a stable input pressure for the final oil pressure regulation loop; to supply a
stable pressure control oil for turbine speed governing.
Set value：1.1MPa (G)
B）二次油压调节回路/ Final oil pressure regulation loop：
在油站出口总管上设有总管油压调节回路，采用阀后压力控制，对润滑油
总管油压进行调节。调节设定值：0.3 MPa（G）
；
Final oil pressure regulation loop is acted before the main oil supply header,
the outlet pressure of the control valve was chosen as input to regulate the oil
pressure at supply header.
；
Set value：0.3 MPa（G）
3. 润滑油温度报警回路/Lube oil temperature alarm loop
在润滑油冷却器出口管路上安装有分度号为 Pt100 的测温铂热电阻，用来
检测润滑油温度，测温元件将油温信号送至控制室显示并监控。当油温正常时，
信号参与开车联锁控制回路，联锁开机；当油温高于报警设定值时，发出声光
报警。
设定值：
油温 ≥35℃ 正常
油温 ≥55℃ 报警
One Pt100 type RTD is fixed on the downstream of the lube oil cooler to
measure the lube oil temperature after the cooling. The oil temperature will be sent
to central control room for monitoring. When the oil temperature is OK, the signal
第 189 页共 190 页
will indicate ready for startup; when the oil temperature is more the set value, alarm
will be sent out.
Set value：
Oil temperature ≥35℃ Normal (Ready for start)
Oil temperature ≥55℃ Alarm
4. 润滑油过滤器差压报警回路/ Lube oil filter pressure drop high alarm
润滑油过滤器差压报警回路的作用是检查油过滤器的工作情况，当油过滤
器差压超过正常差压时，说明油过滤器应该进行清洗了。差压变送器将测得的
油过滤器差压信号送至控制室显示并监控，当差压超过设定值时，发出声光报
警。
设定值：
差压>0.15MPa 报警
One differential pressure transmitter is used here to check the status of the lube
oil filter. When the lube oil pressure drop exceeds the set value, it will send alarm
signal to remind you to clean the oil filter.
Set value:
△P>0.15MPa Alarm
5. 备用润滑油泵起动及油压低报警、联锁回路/ Low oil pressure alarm and
interlock of oil pumps
备用润滑油泵起动、报警、联锁回路由压力变送器 30-PT1709、压力开关
30-PS1710A～C 将油压信号送入控制室显示并监控：
·当油压达到 0.25Mpa(G)时满足起动条件，参与开车联锁；
第 190 页共 190 页
·当油压低于 0.15Mpa(G)时，控制室发出声光报警，同时联锁起动备用油
泵；
·当油压过低，低于 0.1Mpa(G)时，控制室除发出声光报警外，同时联锁停
机。
The start, alarm and interlock of standby oil pump is consisted of 30-PT1709、
PS30-PS1710A～C：
·Oil pressure >=0.25Mpa (G), ready for startup.
·Oil pressure<=0.15Mpa (G) ，alarm and start the A.O.P.
·Oil pressure<0.1Mpa (G) ，alarm and trip the blower unit.
三、汽轮机及干气密封报警.联锁逻辑系统/ Alarm, trip and interlock of
turbine and dry gas seal
* 详见各供货商的最终资料。
See details in the manual of the suppliers’.
第 11 章配套件使用说明书
Chapter XII Operating Instructions for Parts and Components
汽轮机等外购产品，请详见各产品生产厂家提供的使用说明书。
See details in the manual of turbine part.

CO2operation Instruction (Xem Tu Trang 86)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CO2operation Instruction (Xem Tu Trang 86)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2MCL607+2BCL356/A 离心压缩机使用说明书 100.

device and instruments......................................................................................................... 121

This instruction is used in acquainting engineers and technicians who will

manipulate 2MCL607+2BCL356/A centrifugal compressor with the installation.

This instruction contains how to saftily、propertily and economically use the

As compressor is in operation，this instruction could not substitute for training.

If customers have training requirement，SBW could provide a training engineer

based on the contract requirement.

fault treatment by operator。

maximum allowable capacity or too small flow (impulse output).

Caution：The operation condition specified in datasheet of unit should be come

This instruction must be available at equipment site at any time.

operate this compressor equipment.

In addition to this instruction and the binding accident prevention regulations

standards should be followed.

1、用途和使用 Purpose and Usage

The compressor equipment is applied for gases specified in the Operation

the Operation Instructions (datasheet), as well as the specified inspection and

2、组织措施 Organization Measures

prevention measures, danger condition and compliance with the Operation

waive any compensation or all rights.

accident prevention regulations with binding force shall be followed or

The requirements may be involved with carrying the dangerous material or

fabricating feasible and durable protection equipment.

The buyer shall additionally consider the descriptions on relevant operation

characteristics (e.g. on operation organization, operation order, personnel dispatch)

in the Operation Instructions;

The working personnel must be supervised to operate according to the safety

prevention measures related to the Operation Instructions, and prevented from

working under dangerous condition.

The possible influence to compressor equipment safety and performance change

must be reported to manufactory and management personnel of the manufactory.

Without prior negotiation with manufacturer, any change or addition of the

compressor equipment are not allowed.

Spare parts must conform to technical requirements manufactured by the

Do not allow changing the program of any programmable control equipment!

defect that may affect the safety can not be observed;

According to requirement extent and specification requirements, the protection

equipment shall be provided and instructions for use shall be provided!

Observe fire test and fire prevention specifications.

The compressor equipment must be operated by operation personnel qualified

through training; and the minimum age specification shall be observed.

equipment can be employed, and responsibilities of working personnel for operation,

assembly, maintenance and repair shall be proposed clearly!

accept training and education which can be conducted in the manufactory or

supplier. Consigner-operator must guarantee that the working personnel have

completely understood the whole Operation Instructions.

responsibility can work on the compressor equipment or enter or go out of the

It is necessary to particularly specify responsibility system of the machine operators,

measures particularly from the third party

trained personnel through training, education be employed for the compressor

supervision of electricians according to the electric specification!

carried out by experts with familiar technology.

designated to do work on hydraulic equipment.

sections on safety prevention measures. It is particularly applicable for personnel

working on the compressor equipment, e.g. during assembling and maintenance

4、使用者注意事项 Cautions for User

parts must be taken down.

compressor specified in the Operation Instructions must be complied strictly.

machine must be removed properly.

must be immediately reinstalled or restarted.

The compressor unit is not allowed to be started frequently in short time,

impact may impair coupling and rotor shaft head!

1.1 离心压缩机说明 Description of Centrifugal Compressor

1.2.2 法兰、动力特性及重量参数/Flange Dynamic Characteristics and Weight