10/8/2022

Topics to study before next class

• Newton’s Laws of Motion

– Newton’s third law of motion
General Science – Rocket propulsion
– How jet engine works
– Conservation of momentum

Abureza Mohammad Muzareba PhD (University of Sheffield)

Department of Marketing
University of Dhaka

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Today’s Discussion Points

• Newton’s Laws of Motion

– Newton’s first law of motion
– Momentum
– Newton’s second law of motion
– Verify experimentally that F=ma
– Weight of body expressed in Newton
– Calibrate a spring balance to measure mass as well as weight

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Examples of First Law

The magician pulls the tablecloth

out from under a table full of dishes.

A soccer ball is sitting at rest. It

takes an unbalanced force of a kick
An object at rest stays at rest or an object in motion, stays in motion (in the to change its motion.
same direction/at the same speed) unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force Two teams are playing tug of war.
They are both exerting equal force
Also called the law of inertia on the rope in opposite directions.
This balanced force results in no
change of motion.

Inertia
When riding a car, the car suddenly stops and you strain against the seat belt !!
A property of matter If the seat belt is not fastened, you will fly over…!!!
The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion
The greater the mass the greater the inertia
The greater the speed the greater the inertia

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 10/8/2022

What does F = ma say?

F = ma basically means that the force of an object comes from its

mass and its acceleration.
the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to
applied force.
Something very massive (high mass)
The greater the force applied to an object, the more the object will that’s changing speed very slowly (low
accelerate. It takes more force to accelerate an object with a lot of
mass than to accelerate something with very little mass.
acceleration), like a glacier, can still
have great force.
The greater the force, the greater the acceleration
The greater the mass, the greater the force needed for the same
acceleration Something very small (low mass) that’s
Calculated by: F = ma
(F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration)
changing speed very quickly (high
acceleration), like a bullet, can still have
a great force. Something very small
changing speed very slowly will have a
very weak force.

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Examples of Newton’s 2nd Law

As per the second law: the rate of change of
momentum of a body is directly proportional to
a) hitting a baseball, the harder the hit, the faster the
applied force. ball goes

b) accelerating or decelerating a car

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Hooke's Law
Momentum: The quantity of motion of a The extension of an elastic object is directly
proportional to the force applied to it:
moving body, measured as a product of its
F = k × e. F is the force in newtons, N.
mass and velocity.

A property of moving objects

Calculated by: P = mv
(p = momentum, m = mass, v = velocity)

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