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Sentence:

I. Classification( Phân loại)


- Simple sentence: I am a student.
- Compound sentence: (đẳng lập)

I am a student, and she is a teacher.

I am smart, but she is stupid.

- Complex sentence: (chính phụ)

I love him because he is handsome.

I love Mathew who is very handsome.

1. Simple sentence:
a. Subject:
- Noun/ Noun Phrase/ Proper Noun( Kimmy)/ Pronoun(I,he,she).
- Gerund ( V-ing) Danh động từ
- To verb
- Clauses: Noun Clauses, Adjective Clauses, Adverbial Clauses

Ex: Getting up early is not easy= To get up early is not easy= It is not
easy to get up early.

Noun Noun Phrase


- A girl - A nice girl
- A face - A beautifully bright face
- A pen - The pen on the table
b. Verb:

Linking Verb Normal Verb


- Chỉ trạng thái, bản chất của (S) - Hành động cụ thể, rõ ràng
- Nối S- adj/N - Nối S- adv/N
 Adj: Her idea sounds good.  Adv: I drive carefully.
 N: She is a super star.  N: He gives me a present.
( Lưu ý: N này giống S) ( Lưu ý: N này khác S)

Linking Verb:

Stay, remain: giữ nguyên, vẫn. grow: trở nên

Appear, seem: dường như feel: cảm thấy

(Does not/ do not appear: taste: có vị

Không dường như) smell: có mùi

Be sound: có vẻ

Become: trở nên look: trông có vẻ

Go Keep:

Go bankrupt: phá sản Keep calm

Go crazy, go mad Keep our environment clean

S + normal V + O ( thường là N/ N phrase)


S + linking V + C (N- N phrase/adj/cụm giới từ)
Nối 2 động từ ( Different kinds of Verb)

TH1: V1 + to + Vo I love to play chess.


TH2: V1 + V2-ING I love playing with you.
TH3: V1 + Vo You make me feel your love.

c. Complement (C)/ Object (O):

Complement (C) Object (O)


- Là N- N phrase/adj/ cụm giới - Là N- N phrase; sau normal V.
từ; sau linking verb. Ex: She stands at the library ( trạng
A good choice từ chỉ nơi chốn)
At the library D.O: Direct Object_ S động, sờ vào
Ex: She is at the library. đầu tiên
I.O: Indirect Object

2. Compound Sentence:
- Chứa 2 mệnh đề chính, đẳng lập với nhau.
- Không thể xóa 1 trong 2 mệnh đề được.
- Nối 2 mệnh đề:
 Type 1: SVO; SVO.
 Type 2: SVO, fanboys SVO. (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
 Type 3: SVO; conjuction, SVO.
a. Type 1:
b. Type 2:

For (vì=because), and, nor (cũng không), but=yet (nhưng), or (hoặc), so


(vì vậy, vì thế).

Ex: I do not have a house, nor do I have money.


I do not love his beauty, nor do I love his money.

I talked and he listened.(Nếu 2 câu ngắn quá có thể không cần dấu “,”)

c. Type 3:

Conjuction: liên từ nối, không phải ‘fanboys’

+ Contrasting: tương phản. However= Nevertheless ( tuy nhiên) = By


contrast ( trái ngược lại).

+ Kết quả: Hence= Therefore = As a result = Consequently = Thus = As a


consequence. ( Vì vậy, vì thế, hậu quả là).

+ Chuyển tiếp: Then (sau đó), Moreover (hơn nữa)= Furthermore,


Besides= In addition= Additionally (Thêm vào đó, bên cạnh đó).

+ Otherwise: (bằng không, nếu không thì)

Dấu hiệu của câu đẳng lập:

“, and” = “;” SVO; conjuction, SVO.

/, and therefore, / , and thus, / , and as a result, / , and as a


consequence, / , and consequently, /

/ ; therefore, / ; as a result, / ; as a consequence, / ; thus, /

/ ; however, / ; nevertheless, / ; on the contrary, /

Ex: My mother is sick, and therefore, she stays at home.

My mother is sick; however, she stays at home.

= My mother is sick. However, she stays at home.

Trường hợp câu đầu tiên quá dài thì “;” ~=~ “.”
3. Complex Sentence:
- Có 1 mệnh đề chính ( không vứt được), 1 mệnh đề phụ ( có thể
vứt được)

Ex: Although he betrays (phản bội) me, I still love him.

The shirt which my mother bought me yesterday is red.

Dấu hiệu của câu chính phụ:

Because, because of, thanks to

When, if, until, before, after, while

Though, although, despite, inspite of

In order to, so as to

Which, that, whom, in which

Though= much as= no matter what/ no matter how

Ex: Though she is lazy, she still can pass exam with high score.

The book which I read yesterday was interesting.

Though = Much of she works hard, she still fails.

No matter how hard she works, she still fails.

Hard as she works, she still fails.

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