Dilkacin ht

The bhendmenon bending ight atamd e Cress

nd sbending inlo te Aegions te e_qeomelial shadow
n ob1eet 6 Called dijfhnchon.

when nahes Sht AB 'Scien

s phed in e þalh f ight,
anly pot h's te S Lt in
be ilumina led
gtemliad
Shn Shadew
and re bght skmld enes he TTITTTtt t r
Aegons A nd By
the Suen S Shean in

On
Oh te ote hand, when an ohstrele
A/
AB 6 hed in de palk hgh7,
tmil disbnet gtometitol slndeu
AB shnld be ob Tained
on Ve
Lhtin
SoKLen As Shiun in (neomeltitdW
Shadew
Tt hhens So Hhen
te Sizef sht a bstpe
B

But when te shtSix

a y Sall (a anpaunllp
obshele e SAaen
Nove bnth bzht), ttm light enles inb ete ijns
1t shons hf
fte'9/ntd shados f sut a obstncle.
ahnm d e cmis d te stTo1 okstacle.
e bghtbends
e tnens and
adand te
bonding_hbght
hihenootun
Shndng inlo te egjins d gehted Skpdtw y alA dkacdi
 Condilon a Dihaclion
The light NAVeS al dithncled on whn te Sze of te
sit obsthele 'yth Cmpatable 7aSmnlles tan he

Aine-bngh ligh
The
The
hengmnm dilkclon s amrn a l tupr
owaves
Case Smd re's nd Andis wnves, dilnclian
n Case
Tn
obsened eadily betaue krelngls4hw oes s late

Ineseonle Dittrbin
keralt Supenpesilm Reenlt spetpesin
stnling fnn
SeldiAy iaves stMbg
Secndat nyes
Zuo yant Antponl'izionbing on
Ke Same NAvefl
Cahesent Srutis
Not gf Same Aidth.
Inleryesmleinges mAy be t 2
Sare Nid1 dank
dmoximirn inlen sily
NT t-t,
tAinges
Me , beileclly dask
Do nit hove te se
te baiahTinges hnve 4
the Same inlen slg. inlenSila
foon Cambins belneen
s)nod ontinst betvey btight 5)
bAight nd dask Ponge
ond daskirges
 FAeshel and Fnunhollespes oDilnclias
hesnel
Fiesnel D/pochon Fhmrholes Deaelin
Tnfonite disane
1) Skce d iaht nd e suwn
be al hnile distandes pm He The
obsucle on abeslise Causing nchn. one lo, mAke,
2) Two Conwx enses,
SoMCe potallel ang
No lenseg ase uSed To make igbT hm he
he ays þaalel ot Con velynt hete to pas ditoetl UgT on
b
3InCidml waveenl s nel 3 Tnidont ne pmt
eitey Spheaal a plme.
plane bul v

Cyondscnl raebls, which

wavelels 4 Seconoasy
4) Phaseo SeComdasy iginnlehn e vnblocked

te Same at all þsnls

n o l te
pobons te Hnvel'%enl,
the aberluu he té Same phase al
in te
in the ploe
PvoAy porinl in Uhe blnt
obstncto Te apehlvne a te obsTa ele.
te
u budued ky
's due lo inlenpemce 5 Dilachon
5) Dinclon wnvelels 0igin alng hon te inTesfosnee belueen
SeComdnky bhnght
pimaly iefol, skicth patslel AS whick ate
tte potlim he helb d loes brs
ntblacked by obslncle os aperlvte
t ocus V
MAmalial arnlysis i
babemalcl amalyi's 'b veny
t 4 Vey Sinhle becaae ays
p a r h l l e beeake ne

Conplex but expeimenil, wy Sirple.

7)
) Examhles Exmles:
Dilacliy al a slaiglt evge, Dipehon AT a Singe slit,
sl7,
a tin ikiu, donble sht and dpoction
a naioy
ASmall Luls hole a a dise. ialng
 FRESNEIS AsSUMPTIONS

Congi des monm chimalic Sona light S

abda Sml aperlse AB. igkt s indntn te ahestn
aSphdiolkneont MN.
inheet due li
Kesnlant inlen ilz ala pint P' On te stn

the unelan] deerds on e d hdery:

Anehait an he dided inlo
a bge nnbes Smnl

Chlled Fernels Z0nes, end Srnl ahen.

eltmenls ot Zones

Kesnltt elff at any p7 P on e soan ill dyerd

On he Conbined eeel af elodeay aves iginalng
Km miins Zohes
due b pasl cnes ze ill debend
2) Elec7 ary pT a

on te dslane
 fRESNEl'S HAUF PEkioD zo NES

let ABCD be a plane wavehmt minbchiamalit

. et it in te diclon
uight o Anebnglh moves

0 To P as Shoun in
et P be an erteral pont at which e efpel 4
e waneont is T be delemined.

To nd te ealant det pt, bnd te

at

ANenl ABCD inta lage no 4hal- perud elermenlk e

Zones, alled Fáesnela
zes

Constuclion d hall-pend
:
zes

Mni
A bt2M-by

bt
P

Frusrel hal feud

D Zvnes

te kvepet inb Sneh ebments, dudh

To
7o olivide
knue panl let Po =
a fp o
Con 1 and Todi egpol
 PM, = b+M dAH A Sesis spls
Culbn te plone have funT
PM b1t 2
=

in Camanc Cincles ndi

Or1 O, 0M3- --oth
Mn n
enlsd belnetn o1 Ó M, ,M, el Me
The ars
aher
Caled half beked ebmos Zbres
Eath zone pm ils neasesl neighboy by
drs
Se, te Setmdsy ave lels oigirnling
att ddfonte
e prinl ond 7, and ching P aill ha
Tine dine
pait bestnd zres
te Zones e khun l
Thnt s why
0 ekmond
Ra dii and an Ztms Fim a
theadves d bst l pesnd zon 0M= P-op

+ h b-b

Sinle b , so oA G nedeuth
--
Similan't Andius o2d knlt petiod zm

OM M, P'- oP*=

V/b+A)-

+2ab-p
2b
2 b
-

--
aohvs
f ,hol-pemud Zont
gmel, he

Now
Nou, e ahth ut h ed zoe

(oM)
2

aken ons-[on

2N)VE)
-
T2b -As
b = Tb
PAnCeen in Same hay, e nd A te
 Fom and t 7 Todi hee
Me bapriio To te Stes sot
hal pemod zoe

te mn d ench zo.e

te te hetsal niabss, ukih

epol t Tb).
Padue h hda nnr Pt
esnltont olel_at
due enhoe dyrds oh
The l o a t P
Te
)te the Zme
disente of m e zre
i) tte
in) te obhguil) Jat (1t Ca o)
NoTE The Selordoty vavelbl
Same.
tMA ench Zne s
Ato ching btnt P ase
anlinkaaly t g ploa i phese
go on belony me
ufhde, the
Zme
M Ne
aho hint t e
and mie
And obkgpe e inimrard)

u-plibde of viialim g0
0 allivg
let 4,,
te amplihdes
lue Slomcbhy
vibtnlim at
tnes
an-plitadea at ay insAt
a=,- +I2-Ay 74 n
innbewh
a -- t / i si oddy
th3 -Ay 7S-***t
 The aboe e n witn a

2 2 2 2
AL -1y
2
2

Sinle 9)>a >a3>ay

a, 4t 3 y , tis
2 2
So On
Hen& lon
o dd

Ohd
t - - - An 1 i/n Pven

ndhe
ad n
e vety lhha
hemAht ahb aPohoe h te

a
2

tnd intongh P
2 2
I

Skons t t ReMA-T intinh

t
He onhalf- an f 1 nl feceu Znt

rclv in oculing, illomiain at P.

Thus, te hegathn t