۞۞۞ swieMs -dsvIN - pwT-13-swfw vwqwvrn (s.s.s.s.

Bwm) -(2023-24) ۞۞۞ 59

AiDAwie-⑬- swfw vwqwvrn pRBwivq krdy hn[

pMnw nM. 234 . dy pRSn au~qr pMnw nM. 238 . dy pRSn au~qr
pR.1. AwhwrI p`Dr kI hY? ie`k Bojn lVI dI audwhrn pR.1. Ezon kI hY Aqy ieh iksy pirsiQiqk pRbMD nUM ikvyN
idE Aqy ies iv`c iBMn AwhwrI p`Dr d`so[ pRBwivq krdI hY?
au~qr- ie`k jIv dy dUjy jIv nUM Kwx dy lVIvwr kRm nUM Bojn au ~ qr- smqwp mMfl iv`c mOjUd Ezon gYs (O3) dI prq nUM
lVI ikhw jWdw hY[ Bojn lVI dw ie`k pVwA jW kVI Ezo n prq ikhw jWdw hY[Ezon AwksIjn gYs au~pr
AwhwrI p`Dr khwauNdw hY[ audwhrn leI :- sUrj dIAW pwr-bYNgxI ivikrnW dy pRBwv kwrn bxdI
Gwh → it`fw → f`fU hY[
pihlw AwhwrI p`Dr dUjw AwhwrI p`Dr qIjw AwhwrI p`Dr pwrbYNgxI ivikrnW
(auqpwdk) (pihlw Kpqkwr) (dUjw Kpqkwr) O2 O + O
ie`k Bojn lVI dy pihly AwhwrI p`Dr qy hmySw auqpwdk AwksIjn AxU suqMqr AwksIjn

huMdy hn[ au~prokq Bojn lVI iv`c Gwh auqpwdk hY[ dUjy O2 + O O3
Ezon
AwhwrI p`Dr qy pihly Kpqkwr huMdy hn[auprokq Bojn
DrqI dI sqHw qoN aucweI v`l jwx qy Ezon dw gwVHwpn
lVI it`fw pihlw Kpqkwr hY[ hryk Bojn lVI dy AwKrI
vDdw hY Aqy smqwp mMfl iv`c iesdI mwqrw sB qoN v`D
AwhwrI p`Dr qy mwswhwrI jIv huMdy hn[auprokq Bojn
ho jWdI hY[eYrosolz ijvyN kloroPlorokwrbn Ezon nwL
lVI iv`c f`fU mwswhwrI Aqy dUjw Kpqkwr hY[
ikirAw krky Ezon prq nUM nSt krdy hn[
pR.2. pirsiQiqk pRbMD iv`c inKyVkW dI kI BUimkw hY?
Ezon dw iksy pirsiQiqk pRbMD qy pRBwv:-
au~qr- inKyVkW dy pirsiQiqk pRbMD iv`c hyT ilKy kwrj hn:-
a) Ezon zihrIlI gYs huMdI hY jykr ieh DrqI dI sqHw qy
a) ieh ivArQ jitl kwrbink pdwrQW dw ivGtn krdy
phuMc jwvygI qW jIvn nSt ho jwvygw[
hn Aqy aunHW nUM srl Akwrbink pdwrQW iv`c bdl idMdy
A) dUjy pwsy Ezon prq DrqI qy jIvn leI sur`iKAw kvc
hn[
dw kMm krdI hY[ ieh sUrj qoN Awaux vwlIAW pwr-
A) ienHW duAwrw ivGitq pdwrQ BUmI dI aupjwaU SkqI
bYNgxI ivikrnW nUM smqwp mMfl iv`c hI soK lYNdI hY ijs
bxweI r`Kdy hn[
nwL DrqI qy jIv ienHW ivikrnW dy hwnIkwrk pRBwv ijvyN
e) ieh jitl kwrbink pdwrQW dw ivGtn krky BUmI nUM
cmVI dw kYNsr Awid qoN bcy rihMdy hn[
m`lHV pRdwn krdy hn[
e) ies qrHW Ezon dy iksy pirsiQiqk pRbMD qy cMgy Aqy
s) ienHW duAwrw pYdw kIqy m`lHV qoN pOdy iPr poSk q`q
bury dovyN qrHW dy pRBwv pYdy hn[
pRwpq krdy hn, ies qrHW BUmI dy poSkW dw ieh c`kr
pR.2. qusIN kUVy krkt dy inptwry dI sm`isAw G`t krn
c`ldw rihMdw hY[
iv`c kI Xogdwn pw skdy ho? koeI do qrIikAW dw
h) ieh kudrq iv`c sPweI bxweI r`Kdy hn[
vrxn kro[
pMnw nM. 237 . dy pRSn au~qr au ~ qr-kU Vy krkt dy inptwry dI sm`isAw nUM AsIN hyT ilKy
pR.1. ikauN kuJ pdwrQ jYv ivGtnSIl huMdy hn Aqy kuJ qrIikAW nwl G`t kr skdy hW[
jYv AivGtnSIl? a) pYikMg pdwrQ dI mwqrw G`t krky kUVy krkt dI
au~qr- ijhVy pdwrQ jYivk ivDIAW duAwrw ivGitq ho ky auqp`qI nUM hI G`t kIqw jw skdw hY[
srl Xoigk bxw lYNdy hn auh jYv ivGtnSIl pdwrQ huMdy A) kUVy krkt dw punr auqpwdn krky aus qoN nvyN pdwrQ
hn[dUjy pwsy ijhVy pdwrQ jYivk ivDIAW duAwrw srl pYdw kIqy jw skdy hn[ Aijhw krn nwl kcry dw
XoigkW iv`c ivGitq nhIN huMdy hn auh jYv AivGtnSIl inptwrw qy hovygw nwl-nwl swnUM nvyN pdwrQ iml jwxgy[
pdwrQ huMdy hn[ vwqwvrn iv`c mOjUd inKyVk (ApGtk) e) jYv ivGtnSIl kUVy krkt qoN kMpost Kwd iqAwr
ijvyN ijvwxU Aqy au~lI Kws AYnzweImW nwl jYv krky[
ivGtnSIl pdwrQW nUM AswnI nwl ivGitq kr idMdy s) pwlIQIn qoN ielwvw k`pVy dy QYly dI vrqoN krky[
hn[ jYv AivGtnSIl pdwrQW au~qy ienHW inKyVkW dy h) kUVy krkt dI muV-vrqoN krky[
AYnzweIm kMm nhIN krdy ies leI iehnW pdwrQW dw
ivGtn nhIN huMdw[ ienHW pdwrQW dy ivGtn leI BOiqk AiBAws dy pRSn au~qr
ivDIAW ijvyN qwp, dwb Awid dI vrqoN huMdI hY[
pR.2. do kwrn d`so ik ikvyN jYv ivGtnSIl pdwrQ pR.1. hyT iliKAW iv`coN ikhVy smUhW iv`c kyvl jYv
vwqwvrn nUM pRBwivq krdy hn[ ivGtnSIl pdwrQ hn?
au~qr- a) ieh pdwrQ ivGtn dOrwn durgMD pYdw krdy hn[ a) Gwh, Pu`l qy cmVw[
A) ieh pdwrQ ivGtn dOrwn AmonIAw, mIQyn Awid A) Gwh, l`kVI Aqy plwsitk[
ijhIAW hwnIkwrk gYsW pYdw krdy hn[ e) PlW dy iClky,kyk Aqy inMbU dw rs[
pR.2. do kwrn d`so ik ikvyN jYv AivGtnSIl pdwrQ s) kyk , l`kVI Aqy Gwh[
vwqwvrn nUM pRBwivq krdy hn[ au~qr- s) kyk l`kVI Aqy Gwh[
au~qr- a) ieh pdwrQ lMmy smyN q`k vwqwvrn iv`c rihMdy pR.2. hyT iliKAW iv`coN ikhVy Bojn lVI dw inrmwx krdy hn?
hn Aqy iehnW dy inptwry leI bhuq BUmI dI loV pYNdI hY[ au~qr- a) Gwh, kxk Aqy AMb[
A) Bojn lVI iv`c Swiml ho ky ieh pdwrQ jYivk A) Gwh , b`krI Aqy mnu`K[
vDwA dI sm`isAw pYdw krdy hn[ e) b`krI, gW Aqy hwQI[
e) rswieixk KwdW Aqy hor rswiex BUmI dI guxv`qw s) Gwh, m`CI Aqy b`krI[
nUM GtwauNdy hn[ au~qr- A) Gwh , b`krI Aqy mnùK[
s) iehnW pdwrQW dy rswiex jlI jIvn nUM vI
۞ ۞HsCreations:- Hardeep Singh , Science Master- G.S.S. Bham Hoshiarpur (PTO) ۞ ۞
 ۞۞۞ swieMs -dsvIN - pwT-13-swfw vwqwvrn (s.s.s.s. Bwm) -(2023-24) ۞۞۞ 60
pR.3. hyT iliKAW iv`coN ikhVw vwqwvrnI-p`KI ivvhwr au~qr- swfy duAwrw pYdw kIqy jYv AivGtnSIl kcry nwl
drswauNdw hY[ hyT ilKIAW sm`isAwvW pYdw huMdIAW hn:-
au~qr- a) bzwr jWdy smyN k`pVy dw QYlw lY jwxw[ a) ieh pdwrQ lMmy smyN q`k vwqwvrn iv`c rihMdy hn
A) kMm Kqm ho jwx qy blb Aqy p`Ky dw siv`c bMd Aqy iehnW dy inptwry leI bhuq BUmI dI loV pYNdI hY[
krnw[ A) Bojn lVI iv`c Swiml ho ky ieh pdwrQ jYivk vDwA
e) mMmI duAwrw skUtr qy skUl C`fn dI bjwey quhwfw dI sm`isAw pYdw krdy hn[
skUl q`k pYdl jwxw[ e) rswieixk KwdW Aqy hor rswiex BUmI dI guxv`qw
s) auprokq swry[ nUM GtwauNdy hn[
au~qr- s) auprokq swry[ s) iehnW pdwrQW dy rswiex jlI jIvn nUM vI
pR.4. kI hovygw jy AsIN ie`k AwhwrI p`Dr dy swry jIvW nUM pRBwivq krdy hn[
mwr kr deIey? h) ieh pdwrQ vwqwvrnI pRdUSx pYdw krdy hn[
au~qr- jokr AsIN Bojn lVI dy ie`k AwhwrI p`Dr dy swry
jIvW nUM mwr idAWgy qW Bojn lVI iv`c Agly AwhwrI pR.8. jykr swfy duAwrw pYdw swrw kcrw jYv ivGtnSIl
p`Dr leI aUrjw dw pRvwh ruk jwvygw[ies qrHW aUrjw dI hovy qW kI iesdw swfy vwqwvrn au~qy koeI burw pRBwv
AxhoNd iv`c Agly AwhwrI p`Dr dy jIv Kqm ho jwxgy[ nhIN pvygw?
Kqm hoey AwhwrI p`Dr qoN pihly AwhwrI p`Dr iv`c jIvW au ~ qr- sUKmjIv jW inKyVk jYv-ivGtnSIl kcry dw ivGtn
dI jnsMiKAw v`D jwvygI Aqy sMGrS vI v`D jwvygw[ krky srl Xoigk pYdw krdy hn jo muV pOidAW duAwrw
iesdy is`ty vjoN Bojn lVIAW pRBwivq hoxgIAW Aqy iksy vrq ley jWdy hn[ ies qrHW ienHW dw inptwrw kudrq
pisiQiqk pRbMD dI hoNd Kqm ho skdI hY[ iv`c Awpxy Awp sMBv hY prMqU ieh pdwrQ ivGtn
dOrwn durgMD pYdw krdy hn Aqy ienHW dy ivGtn dOrwn
pR.5. kI iksy AwhwrI /poSx p`Dr dy swry mYNbrW nUM AmonIAw, mIQyn Awid ijhIAW hwnIkwrk gYsW pYdw
htwaux dw pRBwv iBMn-iBMn AwhwrI p`DrW leI v`K- huMdIAW hn ijs nwl ivSv qwpn dI sm`isAw pYdw huMdI
v`K hovygw? kI iksy AwhwrI p`Dr dy swry jIvW nUM hY[
pirsiQiqk pRbMD nUM pRBwivq kIqy ibnHW htwauxw sMBv pR.9. Ezon prq dI hwnI swfy leI icMqw dw ivSw ikauN
hY? hY? ies hwnI nUM G`t krn leI kI kdm auTwey gey
au~qr- jI hW, iksy AwhwrI p`Dr dy swry jIvW nUM htwaux dw hn?
pRBwv v`K v`K AwhwrI p`DrW leI v`Ko-v`Krw hovygw[ ie`k au~qr-Ezon prq dw nSt hoxw swfy leI icMqw dw ivSw ies
Awm Bojn lVI dI audwhrn leIey :- leI hY ikauNik Ezon prq DrqI qy jIvn leI sur`iKAw
auqpwdk → SwkwhwrI → mwswhwrI kvc dw kMm krdI hY[ ieh sUrj qoN Awaux vwlIAW
auprokq Bojn lVI iv`coN jykr mwswhwrI Kqm ho jwxgy qW pwr-bYNgxI ivikrnW nUM soK lYNdI hY[ jykr ieh ikrnW
SwkwhwrIAW dI jnsMiKAw vD jwvygI ijs nwl aunHW DrqI dI sqHw qy phuMc geIAW qW bhuq bury pRBwv pYxgy
drimAwn sMGrS vDygw Aqy Gwh dI v`D crweI nwl BoN ijvyN:-
Kor dI sm`isAw pYdw hovygI[ :- jMqUAW iv`c cmVI dw kYNsr
jykr SwkwhwrI Kqm ho jwxgy qW mwswhwrIAW leI aUrjw :- A`KW qy burw pRBwv[
dw pRvwh ruk jwvygw[ :- bnspqI nSt hoxw[
Aqy jykr auqpwdk htw id`qy jwxgy qW SwkwhwrI Aqy :- pRqIr`iKAw pRxwlI nUM nukswn Awid[
mwswhwrI dovyN pRBwivq hoxgy[ Ezon prq dy nSt hox dI dr nUM sIimq krn leI hyT
so AsIN kih skdy hW ik iksy AwhwrI p`Dr dy swry jIvW ilKy nukqy Apnwey gey hn:-
nUM pirsiQiqk pRbMD nUM pRBwivq kIqy ibnHW htwauxw sMBv a) eYrosolz ijvyN kloroPlorokwrbnz (CFCs)Awid Ezon
nhIN hY[ nwL ikirAw krky Ezon prq nUM nSt krdy hn ies leI
pR.6. jYivk vDwE kI hY? kI pirsiQiqk pRbMD dy iBMn kloroPlorokwrbnz dw iesqymwl GtwieAw igAw hY[
p`DrW au~qy jYivk vDwA dw pRBwv vI v`K-v`K hovygw[ A) 1986 iv`c AMqrrwStrI p`Dr qy kloroPlorokwrbnz dy
au~qr- ie`k Bojn lVI dy v`K-v`K poSk p`DrW qy jIvW dy auqpwdn qy rok leI pRogRwm iv`c sPlqw pRwpq kIqI hY[
srIr iv`c hwnIkwrk rswiexW dw jmHW hoxw jYivk vDwE
AKvwauNdw hY[jYv AivGtnSIl kIt nwSk Aqy ndIn hor mh`qvpUrn pRSn au~qr
nwSk ijvyN fI.fI.tI. im`tI rwhIN pOidAW iv`c Aqy jl
sRoqW rwhIN jlI jIvW iv`c cly jWdy hn[pOidAW qoN ieh pR.10. pirsiQiqk pRbMD qoN kI Bwv hY?
SwkwhwrIAW Aqy A`gy mwswhwrIAW iv`c cly jWdy hn Aqy au~qr- jIv mMfl dI Kud-muKiqAwr Aqy svYcilq bxqr
sjIvW dy srIr iv`c iek`qr huMdy rihMdy hn[ ienHW Aqy kwrj dI iekweI nUM pirsiQiqk pRbMD ikhw jWdw hY[
hwnIkwrk rswiexW dI mwqrw hr poSk p`Dr qy v`DdI pirsiQiqk pRbMD dy Gtk do pRkwr dy huMdy hn, jYivk
clI jWdI hY[ Aqy AjYivk[ jYivk Gtk hn auqpwdk, Kpqkwr Aqy
pirsiQiqk pRbMD dy v`K-v`K p`DrW qy jYivk vDwA dw inKyVk (ApGtk)[ AjYivk Gtk hn kwrbink,
pRBwv v`K-v`K huMdw hY ieh pihly poSk p`Dr qy sB qoN Akwrbink Aqy mOsmI kwrk[
G`t huMdw hY Aqy AwKrI poSk p`Dr qy sB qoN v`D huMdw hY[ pR.11. Bojn jwl kI hY?
au~qr- iksy pirsiQiqk pRbMD iv`c iek`lI Bojn lVI nhIN
pR.7. swfy duAwrw pYdw jYv AivGtnSIl kcry qoN iv`crdI[ ie`k jMqU AwpxIAW Bojn sMbMDI AwdqW dy
ikhVIAW muSklW pYdw huMdIAW hn? AwDwr qy ie`k qoN v`D Bojn lVIAW nwl sMbMiDq ho skdw

۞ ۞HsCreations:- Hardeep Singh , Science Master- G.S.S. Bham Hoshiarpur (PTO) ۞ ۞

 ۞۞۞ swieMs -dsvIN - pwT-13-swfw vwqwvrn (s.s.s.s. Bwm) -(2023-24) ۞۞۞ 61

hY[ ies leI bhuq swrIAW Bojn lVIAW Awps iv`c juV ky pR.13. Gwh dy mYdwn dI Bojn lVI dI ie`k audwhrn
Bojn jwl bxwauNdIAW hn[audwhrn leI:- idE[
au~qr- Gwh → ihrn → Syr

pR.14. CFCs dw pUrw nwm d`so[

au~qr- kloroPlorokwrbnz

pR.15. muV-vrqoN Aqy punr-auqpwdn iv`coN ikhVw nukqw

kcry dy pRbMDn leI izAwdw A`Cw hY?
au~qr- muV- vrqoN iv`c koeI aUrjw nhIN lgdI ies leI ieh
punr-auqpwdn qoN A`Cw hY[

pR.16. hyT ilKIAW Bojn lVIAW iv`coN ikhVI ibhqr hY

Aqy ikauN? (a) pOdy → mnu`K (A) pOdy→b`krI
f`fU nUM s`p Aqy bwz dovyN Kw skdy hn, iesy qrHW s`p mor →mnu`K
duAwrw jW bwj duAwrw vI KwDw jw skdw hY[ au~qr- (a) pOdy → mnu`K , Bojn lVI izAwdw ibhqr hY[
Aijhw ies leI ikauNik ies Bojn lVI iv`c mnu`K dUjy
pR.12. ie`k pirsiQiqk pRbMD iv`c aUrjw dw pRvwh ikvyN AwhwrI-p`Dr qy hY[ kudrq iv`c aUrjw dy 10% inXm
huMdw hY? jW Anuswr CotI Bojn lVI iv`c v`D qoN v`D aUrjw sQwnWiqRq
::- kudrq iv`c aUrjw dw 10% inXm kI hY? ho jWdI hY[ dUjy pwsy jYivk vDwE dI sm`isAw CotI Bojn
au~qr- pirsiQiqk pRbMD iv`c aUrjw dw vhwA Bojn lVI dy lVI iv`c G`t huMdI hY[ ies leI AsIN kih skdy hW ik
rUp iv`c huMdw hY[ ieh ies pRkwr huMdw hY:- mnu`K leI SwkwhwrI poSx mwswhwrI poSx qoN ibhqr hY[
a) sB qoN pihlW pOdy pRkwS sMSlySx ivDI rwhIN sUrj
dI aUrjw nUM rswieixk aUrjw iv`c bdldy hn[ pOdy DrqI pR.17. jYv-ivGtnSIl Aqy jYv AivGtnSIl pdwrQW
qy sUrj dI rOSnI qoN pRwpq aUrjw dw AOsqn 1% Bwg hI iv`c AMqr spSt kro[
rswieixk aUrjw iv`c bdldy hn[ au~qr- jYv ivGtnSIl jYv AivGtnSIl
A) jdoN pihly Kpqkwr pOidAW qoN aUrjw lYNdy hn qW 1. kudrq iv`c ienHW dw ivGtn - kudrq iv`c ienHW dw ivGtn
aUrjw dw lgBg 90% ih`sw auh AwpxIAW srIrk sMBv huMdw hY[ sMBv nhIN huMdw[
gqIivDIAW nUM pUrw krn iv`c Krc idMdy hn Aqy kyvl 2. ienH W dy inptwry leI v` D BU mI - ienHW dy inptwry leI v`D BUmI
dI loV nhIN huMdI[ dI loV huMdI hY[
10% aUrjw jYv pdwrQ iv`c qbdIl krdy hn jo ky Agly
3. ieh BUmI pRdUSx nhIN krdy[ - ieh BUmI pRdUSx krdy hn[
AwhwrI p`Dr leI aUrjw dw somw huMdw hY[ 4. ieh inKyVkW duAwrw - ieh qwp dwb Awid duAwrw
e) A`gy c`l ky dUjy Kpqkwr vI ies aUrjw dw 90 ivGitq kIqy jWdy hn[ ivGitq kIqy jWdy hn[
%Bwg iesqymwl krdy hn Aqy 10% aUrjw Agly AwhwrI 5. ieh jYivk vDwE dI sm`isAw - ieh jYivk vDwE dI sm`isAw
p`Dr leI jYv pdwrQ dy rUp iv`c auplbD huMdI hY[ nhIN pYdw krdy[ pYdw krdy hn[
s) hr poSk p`Dr qy aUrjw dw lgBg 90% ih`sw nSt
kr id`qw jWdw hY Aqy 10% aUrjw Agly AwhwrI p`Dr nUM smwpq
id`qI jWdI hY[ ies nUM kudrq iv`c aUrjw dw 10% inXm
ikhw jWdw hY[

auprokq qoN spSt hY ik ie`k Bojn lVI dy hryk AwhwrI

p`Dr qy aUrjw dw v`fw ih`sw nSt ho jWdw hY[ iehI kwrn
hY ik ie`k Bojn lVI dy 4-5 AwhwrI p`Dr hI huMdy hn[

pR.12. jlI Bojn lVI dI ie`k audwhrn idE[

au~qr- jlI pOdy → CotI m`CI → v`fI m`CI

۞ ۞HsCreations:- Hardeep Singh , Science Master- G.S.S. Bham Hoshiarpur (PTO) ۞ ۞