Chapter 3

Cell Structures, Tissues and Their

Functions
At the end of this power point presentation, students will:
1.Identify the organelles of a typical cell and describe their
functions.
2.Identify the major tissue types and locate examples of each in
the body.
3.Describe the structure and locations of tissues.
4.Describe the process of tissue repair.
 Cell Structure
The interior of a cell is composed of the cytoplasm, which a
jelly-like fluid that surrounds the organelles.
Organelles include the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes,
mitochondria, cytoskeleton, centrioles, cilia, flagella, and
microvilli.
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
 Plasma Membrane
Specializations
▪ Microvilli
Nucleus
 Cytoplasmic Organelles
• Ribosomes
 Cytoplasmic Organelles
• Endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)
 Cytoplasmic Organelles
• Golgi apparatus
 Cytoplasmic Organelles
• Lysosomes
 Cytoplasmic Organelles
• Mitochondria
 Cytoplasmic Organelles
• Cytoskeleton
 Cytoplasmic Organelles
• Centrioles
Cellular Projections
Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity
 Body Tissues
❑ Tissues
o Groups of cells with similar structure and function
o Four primary types
➢ Epithelium
➢ Connective tissue
➢ Nervous tissue
➢ Muscle
 Epithelial Tissues
Classification of Epithelium
❑ Number of cell layers
o Simple – one layer
o Stratified – more
than one layer
 Classification of Epithelium
❑ Shape of cells
o Squamous –
flattened
o Cuboidal – cube-
shaped
o Columnar – column-
like
 Simple Epithelium
❑ Simple Squamous
o Single layer of flat
cells
 Simple Epithelium
❑ Simple cuboidal
o Single layer of
cube-like cells
 Simple Epithelium
❑ Simple columnar
o Single layer of
tall cells
 Simple Epithelium
❑ Pseudostratified
o Single layer, but some cells are
shorter than other
 Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Characteristics
❑ Found everywhere in the body ❑ Variations in blood
❑ Functions supply
o Binds body tissues together ❑ Extracellular matrix
o Supports the body
o Provides protection
 Connective Tissue Types
❑ Bone (osseous tissue)
o Used to protect and support
the body
 Connective Tissue Types
❑ Hyaline cartilage
o Most common cartilage
 Connective Tissue Types
❑ Elastic cartilage ❑ Fibrocartilage
o Provides
elasticity oHighly
compressible
 Connective Tissue Types
• Areolar connective
tissue
 Connective Tissue Types
❑ Adipose tissue
 Connective Tissue Types
❑ Blood
 Muscle Tissue
❑Function is to ❑ Skeletal muscle
produce movement
 Muscle Tissue Type
❑ Cardiac muscle
o Found only in the heart
 Muscle Tissue Type
❑ Smooth muscle
o Involuntary muscle
o Surrounds hollow
organs
 Nervous Tissue
❑ Neurons and nerve
support cells
 Regeneration of Tissues
❑ Tissues that regenerate easily
o Epithelial tissue
o Fibrous connective tissue and bone
❑ Tissues that regenerate poorly
o Skeletal muscle
❑ Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue
o Cardiac muscle
o Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord