Ppe-Nuclear Power Plant

Alangilan Campus
College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bataan Plant Tour Narrative Report About Bataan Nuclear Power Plant and Petron
Bataan Refinery
Submitted By:
Fesarit, Joshua E.
Magadia, Kier Ivan F.
PETE – 4102
Submitted to:
Engr.
Instructor
NOVEMBER 2023
GCH Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines +63 43 425 - 0139 loc. 2121
www.batstate-u.edu.ph ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
Alangilan Campus
This Narrative Report is based on what our group hear and learned during on our
Plant tour in Bataan, Specially on Bataan Nuclear Power Plant and in Petron Bataan
Refinery. So Before we start let’s have a brief Introduction and background of Bataan
Nuclear Power Plant.
Introduction
The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP), with its massive building standing over
the landscape of Morong, Bataan, Philippines, is a monument to a bygone era. The
BNPP, which was built in the late 1970s and finished in 1984, has been mired in
controversy, its fate embedded with safety concerns, political upheavals, and public
opposition. During Plant tour where Petroleum Engineering Student and Professors
recent visit to the Philippines' first and only Nuclear Power Plant, the students witnessed
another undiscovered but widely used application of hydrogen, which has been nothing
more than a technical gas since the 1930s.
The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant in the Philippines that
was constructed but never fueled. It is located 100 kilometers (62 miles) west of Manila.
The Nuclear Power Plant's construction began in 1976. It was equipped with a
Westinghouse light water reactor that was rated at 1.876 MWth and was designed to
produce 621MWe. It was the Philippines' only nuclear power plant effort.
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The Westinghouse Generator was a gaseous hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator designed
to offer a low-drag environment and cooling for single-shaft applications in conjunction
with steam turbines.
Background
The beginnings of the BNPP were sown during President Ferdinand Marcos'
presidency, when the Philippines attempted to handle its expanding energy demands
and minimize reliance on foreign oil. The ambitious nuclear power project sought to
harness the potential of atomic energy, marking the country's first step into nuclear
power. Construction and Design: The BNPP, which is located on the gorgeous Bataan
Peninsula, is an architectural masterpiece built to house cutting-edge nuclear
technology. Its reactor building, which serves as a vital hub for the nuclear fission
process, stands silently guard. The control room, outfitted with cutting-edge technology,
was ready to manage the plant's operations.
However, the magnificent vision of a nuclear-powered future was overshadowed
by a cloud of safety worries and controversy. The BNPP's position, situated among
earthquake fault lines and close to Mount Pinatubo, raised caution flags. Allegations of
corruption and bribery throughout the construction period contributed to the mistrust,
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contributing to a swelling tide of popular rejection. Environmentalists and anti-nuclear
campaigners came to the streets, their voices echoing concerns about the possible
environmental and health risks linked with nuclear power. The horrific Chernobyl
tragedy in 1986 heightened global worries, casting a shadow over the BNPP and
intensifying the public's fear of a similar calamity on Philippine territory.
The BNPP never saw operational status due to rising opposition and safety
concerns. Its turbines sat idle, and instead of the hum of nuclear energy creation, the
control room resonated with silence. The factory, which was supposed to be a light of
progress, became a symbol of unrealized promise and the dangers of misguided ideals.
Attempts at Resurrection, Over the years, there have been occasional conversations
concerning the prospective rebirth of the BNPP. Proponents say that the plant may
meet the country's current energy needs, while opponents highlight the plant's ongoing
safety and environmental dangers. The dispute rages on, with the BNPP's future
hanging in the balance.
Plant tour Experience and Learnings
So after arriving on Bataan Nuclear Power plant at 8:30 a.m. our batch go to a
briefing and tackles about Nuclear Energy to be able to Learn the Facts and Discover
the truth about Nuclear power plant. Mr. Joe Manalo tackles the two Energy Sources for
power generations which is Renewable Energy and Non Renewable Energy
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Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is energy produced from sources like the sun and wind that
are naturally replenished and do not run out. Renewable energy example is Wind,
Hydropower, Solar, Geothermal and Biomass
Renewable Energy
Source: (The types of renewable energy resources, 2019)
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Wind Power Generation
Source: (Wind Power Generation Seminar Report Pdf, 2021)
Wind energy harnesses the power of the wind to generate electricity. Wind
turbines strategically placed in windy areas convert kinetic energy from the wind into
electrical energy. Mr. Joe Manalo explain that the turbines' blades capture the wind's
force, causing them to spin and drive a generator. Wind energy is a sustainable and
clean source, producing no direct emissions.
Mr. Joe Manalo said the to be able to generate electricity it requires average
wind speed of 8 km/hr or 2 m/sec.
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Exploring Renewable Energy Resources Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Source: (Avtar et al., 2019)
Hydropower, often known as hydroelectric power, generates electricity by
harnessing the energy of flowing or falling water. Dams are built to form reservoirs, and
the controlled release of water through turbines converts potential energy into kinetic
energy, which powers generators. Hydropower is a mature and dependable renewable
energy source that provides a significant amount of the world's electricity. Mr. Joe
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Manalo while it is clean and emits few greenhouse gases, worries about its
environmental impact, such as the disruption of aquatic habitats, have resulted in
continuous arguments regarding its long-term viability.
Solar Panel, Solar Energy
Source: (Flow Chart | Rv Solar Panels, Solar Electric, Solar Energy System, 2021)
Solar energy uses photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar panels to convert sunlight into
electricity. When exposed to sunlight, these cells generate direct current, which is
converted into useful alternating power by an inverter. According to Mr. Joe Manalo,
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Solar power is adaptable, with applications ranging from modest residential systems to
enormous solar farms. It is a clean and abundant source that produces no emissions
during the generation of electricity. The intermittent nature of sunshine, as well as the
environmental effect of producing and disposing of solar panels, pose issues.
Probably heard of PV, which is used in solar panels. When the sun shines on a
solar panel, the energy absorbed by the PV cells in the panel. This energy generates
electrical charges that move in reaction to an internal electrical field in the cell, resulting
in the flow of electricity.
Geothermal Energy
Source: (Geothermal energy: Power plant, types, uses, advantage: Greenesa 2021)
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Geothermal energy harnesses the Earth's internal heat to generate power by
drawing steam or hot water from under the Earth's surface. Wells are used in
geothermal power facilities to access hot water or steam, which is subsequently used to
drive turbines attached to generators. This renewable energy source is dependable and
delivers a steady supply of baseload power. Geothermal energy has a lower
environmental impact than fossil fuels because it emits fewer greenhouse gases. Its
geographical deployment, however, is restricted to areas with accessible geothermal
reservoirs.
This is a simple way to get hot water, but it only applies to places near hot
springs and underground reservoirs. To bring up the water, a production facility, a
downhole, and circulation pumps or wells are used. Line shaft pump systems and
submersible pumps are the two forms of downhole pumps. The line shaft pumping
system is preferred over submersible pumps, despite the fact that both have been in
use for a long period. This is because it is less expensive, because submersible pumps
require 800 feet of depth for installation.
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Biomass Power Process Flow Diagram
Source:(Biomass Power Process Flow Diagram. 2013)
Biomass energy is the use of organic materials to generate heat or power, such
as wood, crop residues, and organic waste. Biomass can be immediately burned for
heat or converted into biofuels. In power plants, biomass burning generates steam,
which drives turbines that are linked to generators. Because the carbon released during
combustion is part of the natural carbon cycle, biomass is considered carbon-neutral.
Concerns concerning deforestation, land-use change, and emissions connected with
biomass combustion, on the other hand, need sustainable and responsible biomass
utilization strategies.
Organic materials such as wood, agricultural products, and organic waste are
used to generate biomass energy. These materials, which are frequently plant-based,
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are used as fuel to generate heat or power via processes such as combustion or
conversion into biofuels. Because the carbon released during combustion is part of the
natural carbon cycle, biomass is considered a renewable energy source. While biomass
energy can help diversify energy sources and minimize dependency on fossil fuels, its
long-term viability is dependent on responsible sourcing to avoid deforestation and
maintain a balanced carbon footprint. Effective management strategies and technology
improvements are critical for maximizing biomass energy's environmental benefits.
Non-Renewable Energy
Non-renewable energy refers to energy sources that are finite and cannot be
replaced in a human timeline. These energy sources are finite because they are
produced from finite resources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear materials, which are not
renewed naturally at a rate adequate to meet human demand. Nonrenewable energy
sources are distinguished by their scarcity and the extensive geological processes that
produce them. Nonrenewable energy sources include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and
natural gas, as well as nuclear fuels such as uranium. Once taken and exploited, these
resources cannot be easily or rapidly regenerated, and their usage is frequently
associated with environmental concerns such as air and water pollution, habitat
damage, and deforestation.
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Oil Non Renewable Resources
Source: (The world's most engaging learning platform 2020)
OIL
Petroleum, usually known as oil, is a fossil fuel made from the remains of marine
plants and animals. Oil is extracted from subsurface sources and refined into a variety
of products, including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Because of its ubiquitous usage in
transportation, industry, and energy generation, it has become a pillar of the world
economy. Its extraction, processing, and combustion, on the other hand, contribute to
pollution and climate change.
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Oil is extracted from reservoirs by wells. The reservoirs resemble typical rock
formations containing tiny drops of oil. With 31 states harvesting the nonrenewable
resource, America is one of the world's top oil mining countries.
Drilling is an expensive practice, so oil companies must have a thorough
understanding of the subject. Geophones are used by professionals to determine how
much oil is contained within underground rock formations. Soundwaves are measured
by the technology to establish how porous each rock is.
Oil wells can generate oil for 20 to 40 years. Drilling specialists can no longer use
wells after their resources are depleted. The extraction of oil from wells has negative
environmental consequences. Oil extraction from old rock formations produces and
displaces pollution. Surface and air pollutants are caused by oil mining. Oil is converted
into energy by consumers through a combustion process.
Oil is used to power automobiles, lighting, heating and cooling systems, medical
gadgets, and other products. The usage of fossil fuels produces greenhouse gas
emissions, which harm the environment. Oil is a major contributor to the increased
greenhouse effect.
The effect increases evaporation and has a negative influence on biodiversity.
Spills from oil extraction operations can pollute the water. Broken and mishandled rigs
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may spill tens of thousands of gallons of oil into local water sources. Oil pollution in
aquatic habitats can lead to biodiversity loss. Mining also affects natural places by
changing the distribution of soil conditions and habitats. Environmentalists must make
low-impact energy sources available to consumers in order to increase global
sustainability levels.
Non-Renewable Coal
Source:(Energy4me, 2015)
COAL
Coal is a sedimentary rock that is an important source of energy. Coal is
extracted and burned for electricity generation and industrial processes during the
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mining process. While coal has historically been a significant energy source, it is
renowned for excessive carbon emissions, air pollution, and negative environmental
repercussions such as habitat destruction and water contamination. Due to
environmental and climate concerns, efforts are underway to move away from coal.
Coal is a nonrenewable energy source that is formed over millions of years. It is
a flammable sedimentary rock that is black or brownish-black in color and is largely
composed of carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal's energy is derived from the remains of
prehistoric plants and animals, classifying it as a fossil fuel.
Coal creation began around 280 to 345 million years ago. During this time, much
of the world was covered in swamp, and a lot of plants and other organic things grew.
Plants and other types of life fell to the swampy areas as they died. They disintegrated
gradually, forming peat, a wet, spongy, sponge-like material.
According Mr. Joe Manalo today around 38% to 39% of electricity that being use
in the Philippines comes from Coal power plants
NATURAL GAS
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is mostly made of methane and is found in
subsurface rock formations. It is a versatile energy source extracted through drilling that
is utilized for electricity generating, heating, and transportation fuel. Natural gas
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combustion emits fewer carbon emissions than coal and oil, making it a cleaner fossil
fuel. However, there are fears that methane leaks during extraction and transportation
will contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
These nonrenewable energy sources have been critical in supplying global
energy demands, but their use presents serious environmental and sustainability
concerns. Understanding the ramifications of reliance on nonrenewable energy sources
becomes increasingly crucial as the globe turns toward cleaner and more sustainable
options.
According to Mr. Joe Manalo it is possible that natural gas will deplete by year
2024 from the Malapaya although but there is an extension on service contract number
38 for another 15 years.
Malapaya Facility supplies natural gas to:
1. 1000MW Sta. Rita plant
2. 500 MW San Lorenzo plant
3. 1200 MW Ilijan plant
4. 97 MW Avion Plant
5. 414 MW San Grabriel Plant
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NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear Energy is the energy in the nucleus of an atom that holds the neutrons
and the protons. It can be used to produce electricity in two ways; nuclear fusion and
nuclear fission. In Nuclear Fusion energy is released when atoms are combined or
fused together to form a larger atom; the sun produces energy like this. In Nuclear
Fission, atoms are split into smaller pieces caused by neutrons hitting each other.
These smaller pieces strike other atoms, releasing energy. When this process
continues, it is called a chain reaction.
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Nuclear energy can be generated using the process of nuclear fission, in which
the nucleus of an atom is split to release a significant quantity of energy. This energy is
used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants. While nuclear power is highly
efficient and emits few greenhouse gases during electricity generation, it does pose
considerable obstacles, such as radioactive waste disposal, potential nuclear accidents,
and concerns about nuclear proliferation.
According to Mr. Joe Garcia Manalo it also provides National Energy Security,
and in nuclear power plant Uranium is the fuel. Since today Kazak tan is the largest
producer of uranium fuel alongside with Australia, and Canada. Since energy resources
are limited time will come that it will deplete or it will end.
Service Life span of Non-renewable resources
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The Illustration Above shows the life span of each Non-renewable resources at
the top Oil has 40 years’ life span, Liquefied Natural Gas has 65 years, Coal has 155
years and lastly Uranium has the highest serves ratio up to 230 Years.
So as you can see base on the Table above the Mr. Joe Garcia Manalo show
during the briefing Uranium outnumber the other non-renewable energy in term of years
of serving the only thing is people are not that educated and not well introduce in the
knowledge of Nuclear Power Plants. The people always insist that it is dangerous
because they thought that if the hear the term “NUCLEAR” it like bomb that why they
are so nervous about it.
They must know that if there were no Nuclear power plant the world will
experience 10% Increase in CO2 emission. Nuclear Power plant is clean and green
energy source because no fuel is being burn that can contribute to global warming
which is CO2
The high density Uranium as fuel grantees a stable supply of electricity which
one load fuel can generate power for more than 18 months
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One Uranium Pellet inside of sealed container
Source: (Bataan Nuclear Power plant, 2023)
Energy Equivalent of 1 Uranium Pellet has much energy equivalent to:
 120 gallons of oil
 1 ton of coal
 17 000 cubic feet of natural gas
In terms of 1000 megawatts of electricity:
 150 ton of uranium
 2 100 000 tons of coal
 10 000 000 Barrels of Oil
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Then after all of the briefing about the “Learn the Facts and Discover the truth
about Nuclear power plant”. The student proceeds to the power plant with our guide
from there he starts to tackle the equipment and guide use to each part of the power
plant. The guide shows us the Process flow diagram of the whole plant which consist of:
 Primary loop
 Reactor
 Pressurizer
 Cool Pump
 Steam Generator
 Containment Well
 Turbines
 Secondary Loop
 Moister Separator and Re-heater
 Generators
 Condensate Pump
 Tertiary Loop
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The Guide shows us the in Primary loop and the color show a Red color
that in the Process flow diagram in the reactor which contain high temperature
water and it is also highly radioactive then it goes to the pressurizer to prevent
pressurized water system the cooling water is kept under pressure so that it
cannot boil. After that goes to steam generator which in Secondary loop that
produce steam to operate the turbines that will go to the generator that will
produce electricity 615 Mw of electricity then water from the second loop will be
cooled in condensate Pump and it will go back to Steam generator.
The third loop use Sea Water and after it been cooled then it will be
release back to the sea but before it will be release the sea water need to be
treated in laboratories and also will be introduce to fish in ponds to monitor if is
safe to release. After the guide explain the Process Flow diagram the tour
continues where the equipment that been tackle is been shown to the students
for transparency and in order actually see the sized of each machines. Then after
that the student return to the bus to go to the hotel to take rest.

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Alangilan Campus

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Magadia, Kier Ivan F.

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Nuclear Power Plant.

the landscape of Morong, Bataan, Philippines, is a monument to a bygone era. The

more than a technical gas since the 1930s.

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

The Westinghouse Generator was a gaseous hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator designed

to offer a low-drag environment and cooling for single-shaft applications in conjunction

with steam turbines.

Peninsula, is an architectural masterpiece built to house cutting-edge nuclear

was ready to manage the plant's operations.

However, the magnificent vision of a nuclear-powered future was overshadowed

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

contributing to a swelling tide of popular rejection. Environmentalists and anti-nuclear

intensifying the public's fear of a similar calamity on Philippine territory.

hanging in the balance.

Plant tour Experience and Learnings

power generations which is Renewable Energy and Non Renewable Energy

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Hydropower, Solar, Geothermal and Biomass

Source: (The types of renewable energy resources, 2019)

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Wind Power Generation

Source: (Wind Power Generation Seminar Report Pdf, 2021)

clean source, producing no direct emissions.

wind speed of 8 km/hr or 2 m/sec.

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Exploring Renewable Energy Resources Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Source: (Avtar et al., 2019)

Hydropower, often known as hydroelectric power, generates electricity by

energy, which powers generators. Hydropower is a mature and dependable renewable

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

environmental impact, such as the disruption of aquatic habitats, have resulted in

continuous arguments regarding its long-term viability.

Solar Panel, Solar Energy

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

environmental effect of producing and disposing of solar panels, pose issues.

in the flow of electricity.

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Geothermal energy harnesses the Earth's internal heat to generate power by

delivers a steady supply of baseload power. Geothermal energy has a lower

geographical deployment, however, is restricted to areas with accessible geothermal

springs and underground reservoirs. To bring up the water, a production facility, a

require 800 feet of depth for installation.

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Biomass Power Process Flow Diagram

Source:(Biomass Power Process Flow Diagram. 2013)

combustion is part of the natural carbon cycle, biomass is considered carbon-neutral.

Concerns concerning deforestation, land-use change, and emissions connected with

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

long-term viability is dependent on responsible sourcing to avoid deforestation and

maintain a balanced carbon footprint. Effective management strategies and technology

improvements are critical for maximizing biomass energy's environmental benefits.

renewed naturally at a rate adequate to meet human demand. Nonrenewable energy

resources cannot be easily or rapidly regenerated, and their usage is frequently

damage, and deforestation.

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering

Oil Non Renewable Resources

Source: (The world's most engaging learning platform 2020)

pollution and climate change.

College of Engineering – Department of Mechanical Engineering