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CHUYÊN ĐỀ câu điều kiện
CHUYÊN ĐỀ câu điều kiện
Cấu trúc ngữ pháp của câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh sẽ bao gồm 2 phần là: mệnh đề chính và
mệnh đề điều kiện. Mệnh đề điều kiện (vế nếu) thường nêu lên giả thiết và bắt đầu với "If" còn
mệnh đề chính (vế thì) là kết quả khi giả thiết đó xảy ra.
VD: If I tired, I will stay at home.
MĐĐK MĐ chính
Hay: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
MĐĐK MĐ chính
Vị trí của hai mệnh đề không cố định, nội dung và ngữ pháp của câu không thay đổi khi thay đổi vị
trí của mệnh đề. Tuy nhiên, nếu mệnh đề điều kiện đứng trước, bắt buộc đằng sau nó phải có dấu
phẩy để ngăn cách giữa hai mệnh đềtrong câu, còn khi mệnh đề chính đứng trước thì không cần
dấu phẩy.
3. CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
4. ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
- Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + V(e,es), S + Will + V(s/es)
- Câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to V, S+ Would + V(s/es)
- Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + Vpp, S + Would have Vpp
B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Give the correct forms of the verbs using the conditional TYPE 1.
Question 1: If you______(eat) an ice-cream, I______(have) a hot chocolate.
Question 2: If she______(need) a computer, her brother______(give) her his computer.
Question 3: If we______(not have) time this afternoon, we______(meet) tomorrow.
Question 4: He______(talk) to her if you______(not want) to do it.
Question 5: You______(not win) the game if you______(not know) the rules.
Question 6: If you______(wash) the dishes, I______(cook) dinner tonight.
Question 7: If my dad______(have) time next week, we______(paint) my room.
Question 8: You______(learn) a lot about American history if you______(visit) the
exhibition this afternoon.
Question 9: If the weather______(not be) too bad tomorrow, we______(play) golf.
Question 10: We______(not get) there on time if we______(catch) the bus.
Question 11: If you______(pour) oil into water, it______(float) on the surface of the water.
Question 12: You______(have) any problems,______(call) me immediately.
Question 13: If you______(not like),______(let) him know your feelings.
Question 14: If you______(heat) ice, it______(turn) to water.
Question 15: Unless she______(water) these trees, they______(die).
Exercise 2: Give the correct forms of the verbs using the conditional TYPE 2.
Question 1: If I______(have) more time, I______(learn) to play the guitar.
Question 2: If she______(study) harder, she______(get) better marks.
Question 3: If we______(know) more about history, we______(not be) afraid of the test.
Question 4: I______(go) jogging with Tom and Sue if they______(be) here now.
Question 5: I______(buy) these shoes if they______(fit).
Question 6: If there______(be) no man in the world, I______(not marry) you.
Question 7: He______(be) rich, he______(support) his old-aged parents.
Question 8: If I______(be) you, I______(buy) a car and have a look around the country.
Question 9: Thank goodness she isn’t your wife. Just try to imagine our cooperation if
she______(be).
Question 10: This city______(be) a better place to live if the level of pollution
______(reduce).
Exercise 3: Give the correct forms of the verbs using the conditional TYPE 3.
Question 1: If the weather______(be) nice yesterday, they______(play) football.
Question 2: It was an awful meal. If we______(go) to a good restaurant, we______ (have) a
better dinner.
Question 3: If he had listened to me, he______(not fail) in the exam.
Question 4: But for the storm, we______(not be) late for the appointment.
Question 5: The ambulance______(come) earlier, the victim______(not die).
Question 6: If it______(be) for your absence yesterday, you______(understand) the lesson
today.
Question 7: If the police______(come) earlier, the burglar______(arrest).
Question 8: Without his parents’ money, he______(not succeed).
Question 9: If you______(remember) to fill up before the journey, we wouldn’t
have lost half an hour looking for a petrol station in an unknown city.
Question 10: If I______(accept) the offer, I______(not regret) now.
Question 11: If he______(be) younger, he______(take) part in the last contest.
Question 12: The accidents______(not happen) if the car in the front______(not stop) so
suddenly.
Question 13: I would have visited you before if there______(not be) quite a lot of people in
your house.
Question 14: If I (know)______that you were ill, I (go)______to see you.
Question 15: Thank God Sue came on time! You______(find) the keys without her?
Exercise 4: Give the correct forms of the verbs using the conditional sentences.
Question 1: If Tracy had a mobile phone, she______(phone) all her friends.
Question 2: I______(be) very angry with Nick if he forgets my CD again.
Question 3: If the boys______(win) this match, their coach will invite them to a barbecue.
Question 4: If you don't read these articles, you______(not know) the facts about Africa.
Question 5: If she'd had enough money, she (buy)______a car.
Question 6: I (see)______him if I (go)______to the party last night.
Question 7: We could have gone out if the weather (not be)______so bad.
Question 8: If the book (not be)______expensive, I______(buy) it.
Question 9: What you______(do) if you______(be) in my situation?
Question 10: I'll go out if it______(not rain).
Question 11: If I spoke English, my job______(be) a lot easier.
Question 12: If we had known who he was, we______(invite) him to speak at our meeting.
Question 13: My dog (bark)______if it (hear)______any strange sound.
Question 14: If I (be)______in your place, I (accept)______Mr. Anderson’s invitation.
Question 15: If I (win)______a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
Question 16: If I (have)______breakfast, I (not feel)______hungry now.
Question 17: I was busy. If I (have)______free time I (go)______to the cinema with you.
Question 18: Why didn’t you attend the meeting? Oh, I did not know. If I (know)______ I
(come)______there.
Question 19: If I (not have)______an important test today, I (not stay)______up late last
night.
Question 20: It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) ______here, she (know)______what
to do.
Question 21: She (come)______late again, she will lose her job.
Question 22: If he (not be)______selfish, his wife (not leave)______him.
Question 23: We (live)______in a town, life would be better.
Question 24: I know I (feel)______better if I (stop)______smoking.
Question 25: I (understand)______him if he spoke more slowly.
Question 26: He didn’t listen to the teacher. He (listen)______carefully, he
(perform)______well in the examination.
Question 27: He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his mother
(come)______home, he (have)______a lot of presents.
Question 28: He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t. If he
(afford)______to buy, his children (be)______very happy to greet a new year.
Question 29: The kitchen will look better if we (have)______red curtains.
Question 30: Bring him another if he (not/like)______this one.
Question 31: Unless you are more careful, you (have)______an accident.
Question 32: If summer (come)______, we (not have)______to go to school.
Question 33: If the sun (stop)______shinning, there (be)______no light on earth.
Question 34: If I (be)______a millionaire, I (live)______on Mars.
Question 35: You (get)______very wet if you______(walk) in this rain.
Question 36: If some endangered species (keep)______in zoos, it will help to ensure their
future survival.
Question 37: Why don’t we ask Michael to chair the meeting?” “Suppose we (be)______to
ask him, do you think he would accept?”
Question 38: Now I know we were just too tired. Even with your help we (not
finish)______it.
Question 39: I still regret I didn’t have a camera. I (take)______some photographs of the
bird.
Question 40: Now that you’re through with it, you should be more grateful to Ted for all
his help. Do you think you (succeed)______without it?
Exercise 5.2: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1: Students will not be allowed into the exam room if they______their student
cards.
A. don’t produce B. didn’t produce C. produced D. hadn’t produced
Question 2: Without your help, I______the technical problem with my computer the other
day.
A. wouldn’t solve B. couldn’t have solved
C. could solve D. can’t solve
Question 3: If Martin were here now, he______us to solve this difficult problem.
A. would help B. helps C. will help D. has helped
Question 4: If he didn’t have to work today, he______his children to the zoo.
A. will take B. takes C. would take D. has taken
Question 5: If you didn’t have to leave today, I______you around the city.
A. have shown B. showed C. will show D. would show
Question 6: If our teacher were here now, he______us with this difficult exercise.
A. has helped B. helps C. will help D. would help
Question 7: If he were younger, he______a professional running competition now.
A. will j oin B. had j oined
C. would have joined D. would join
Question 8: If you watch this film, you______about the cultures of Southeast Asian
countries.
A. learned B. were learning C. will learn D. would learn
Question 9: If he were better qualified, he______get the job.
A. will B. can C. may D. could
Question 10: If life______predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor.
A. is B. would be C. were D. had been
Question 11: That sounds like a good offer. I______it if I______you.
A. would accept - were B. accepted - would be
C. accept - will be D. will accept - were
Question 12: If he improved his IT skills, he______a job.
A. will easily get B. would easily get
C. will easily have______got D. would easily have got
Question 13: If it had not rained last night, the roads in the city______so slippery now.
A. must not be B. would not be
C. could not have been D. would not have been
Question 14:______ten minutes earlier, you would have got a better seat.
A. Had you arrived B. If you arrived C. Were you arrived D. If you hadn’t arrived
Question 15: If it______their encouragement, he could have given it up.
A. hadn’t been for B. wouldn’t have been for
C. had been for D. hadn’t been
Question 16: But for his kind support, I______.
A. would not have succeeded B. did not succeed
C. had not succeeded D. would succeed
Question 17: - Jean: “Why didn’t you tell me about the plans for the merge?” - Jack: “I
would have told you______.”
A. if you asked me to B. had you asked me to
C. you had asked to me D. you were asking me
Question 18: We______on the beach now if we hadn't missed the plane.
A. will lie B. could be lying C. will be lying D. might have lain
Question 19:______anyone call, just say I'll be back in the office at four o'clock.
A. If B. Were C. Should D. Unless
Question 20:______me twice my current salary, I wouldn't work for them.
A. If they paid B. Weren’t they paid
C. Were they not to pay D. Had they not paid
Question 21: If we______, the work would have been completed, I’m sure.
A. hadn’t been disturbed B. weren’t disturbed
C. didn’t disturb D. hadn’t disturbed
Question 22: The palace is so heavy and massive that no redecoration can make it look like
a little gracious villa. Even if we______it pink, which, of course, is out of the question.
A. would paint B. had painted C. were to paint D. paint
Question 23: Well, you see, if I______up in a neighborhood where drink problems were
endemic, I might find these jokes really funny.
A. wouldn’t be brought B. weren’t brought
C. didn’t bring D. hadn’t been brought
Question 24: If, as Mark says, the landlord______so surprised seeing the group, he must
have forgotten the arrangement.
A. has been B. was C. would have been D. had been
Question 25: I’m glad I managed to talk Sandra out of buying a dog. If I______, we would
now be looking for a pet-friendly hotel.
A. hadn’t B. did C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
Question 26:______she to call you immediately, what would you do?
A. Does B. If C. Unless D. Were
Question 27: If Karol Wojtyia______elected Pope, there wouldn’t be so many Poles
visiting Rome every year now.
A. wasn’t to be B. weren’t C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t have been
Question 28: Who will pay for the coach if almost two fifths of the passengers______a free
ride?
A. will receive B. are to be given C. were to give D. would receive
Question 29: Don’t tell me I acted too quickly. I’m sure nobody in my place______a
minute longer.
A. would have to wait B. would wait
C. would be able to wait D. would have waited
Question 30: The company’s situation is hopeless and I can’t see what the new president
might do to improve it; even if he______a genius, which he is not.
A. were B. is to be C. will be D. would be
Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 1: If Lucia had been here now, she would find out the truth about her
A B C
uncle’s accident.
D
Question 2: If a student takes a course on Computer Science, it will take him four years
A B C
doing the course.
D
Question 3: Unless it did not rain, Peter would pay us a visit.
A B C D
Question 4: If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you.
A B C D
Question 5: If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you.
A B C D
Question 6: If she had finished the work, she can go home.
A B C D
Question 7: If I had spoken more confident at the interview, they would have offered
A B C
me the job.
D
Question 8: If we had had a map, we would not be lost yesterday.
A B C D
Question 9: Had I known Alice’s address, I would write to her.
A B C D
Question 10: If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I would stop.
A B C D
Question 11: If had you sent the application form to that company, you would have
A B C
been offered a job.
D
Question 12: He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire.
A B C D
Question 13: Unless you work harder, you will be sack because of your laziness.
A B C D
Question 14: Unless there had been the heavy storm, the climbers will not have died.
A B C D
Question 15: She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to do
A B C D
it herself.
Question 16: If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less
A B C
pressure on the earth.
D
Question 17: If we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate.
A B C D
Question 18: If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face
A B C D
a fuel crisis.
Question 19: If she bought that house now, she ran out of money.
A B C D
Question 20: What you would do if you could speak French well?
A B C D
Question 21: If I had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted and informed you
A B C
about the last - minute cancellation of the seminar.
D
Question 22: If you had studied hard, you wouldn't failed the exam.
A B C D
Question 23: If I hadn't been too late for the exam, I might be allowed to enter the
A B C D
examination room.
Question 24: I would have enroll on an online course if I had had enough money.
A B C D
Question 25: We might have gone to the Science Fair if we knew about it happened.
A B C D
Question 26: If we had drop school so early, we wouldn't have had enough knowledge
A B C D
of the school subjects.
Question 27: If you had come to class last week, you might have join in the discussion
A B C
on air pollution.
D
Question 28: If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn't have been in so much trouble now.
A B C D
Question 29: I don't know your phone number. If I had known it, I would have called
A B C D
you last night.
Question 30: If I have studied English earlier, I could have read this book several years ago.
A B C D
Question 31: If a meteor hadn't struck the Earth, the dinosaurs didn't become extinct.
A B C D
Question 32: If they had win the lottery last summer, they would have bought a new car.
A B C D
Question 33: If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his
A B C D
house.
Question 34: If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way.
A B C D
Question 35: If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked.
A B C D