ASSIGNMENT 2

TIMBER FRAME SYSTEM

COURSE: CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I

COURSE CODE: BSR 552

PREPARED FOR:
EN MOHD KHAIRUL ANUAR JALIL
AP229 4A

GROUP 4

SUBMISSION:
WEEK 14
 PREPARED BY:

STUDENT’S NAME STUDENT’S ID

1. AIMAN SYAKIRIN BIN ZAMZURY 2021849756

2. SITI RAHIMAH BINTI RIZAL 2021812504

3. HAFIZAH BINTI MOHD HASHIM 2021602976

4. NUR NAZIFA BINTI BOLHASSAN 2021853146

5. FATINAH AMIRAH BINTI MAHASHIM 2021141737

6. NUR AMIRA AFIQAH BINTI MOHD FADZIL 2022457912

7. ARIENA IZNIE BINTI ABDUL RAHIM 2022876342

8. NUR HAKIMI BIN NOR'AINI 2022494646

9. NUR HANISSA QASDINA BINTI MOHD

2022875832
HARYAZI

10. MUHAMMAD SHAHAMIN ADAM BIN MD

2022847672
SHAHFRI ROZAINI

11. AMIRUL SYAFIQ BIN ANUAR 2022824878

12. MUHAMMAD FAHIM BIN MD AZMAN 2022855586

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Primarily, we would like to express our outmost gratitude to Allah S.W.T as we managed to
complete our assignment for subject BSR552 (Construction Technology) with successfully by His
guidance and blessings within the time given by our lecturer. With His blessings, we also managed to
finish up this assignment with great enthusiasm and determination.

Therefore, our group members, Siti Rahimah, Nur Nazifa, Hafizah, Fatinah, Aiman Syakirin,
Amira, Ariena, Hakimi, Hanissa, Adam, Syafiq, Fahim also Aiman would like to acknowledge with
thanks to the individuals who had guided us in completing this assignment.

Firstly, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to our lecturer, En Mohd Khairul Anuar
Jalil as they had guided us in completing this assignment a lot. Thank you for answering all of our
questions regarding this task and give us constructive comments to improve the quality of our work.
With the explanation given, we were able to understand the objective of this assignment and the overall
content of this report.

Lastly, we would like to express our thankfulness to our group members who always give the
ideas for completing this assignment also our family members who never stop giving the encouragement
and moral support to us during preparation of this assignment. These commitments enabled us to
succeed in completing this report on time. Thank you.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1

2.0 BACKGROUND COMPANY............................................................................................................2

2.1 Vision and Mission Company.................................................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Organization Chart................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.0 BUILDING BACKGROUND........................................................................................................4

3.1 SULTAN ABDUL AZIZ ROYAL GALLERY, KLANG...........................................................4

3.2 KEY AND SITE PLAN..................................................................................................................7

4.0 DRAWING DETAILING RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION.................................................8

5.0 PROPOSED....................................................................................................................................9

5.1 BUILDING PLANT.......................................................................................................................9

5.2 TEMPORARY WORKS..............................................................................................................10

5.3 PROPOSED MAINTENANCE JOB AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.................................11

5.3.1 Proposed Maintenance Job................................................................................................................................. 11

5.3.2 Safety Precaution.................................................................................................................................................. 13

6.0 JOB SEQUENCE.........................................................................................................................14

STAGE 1: Preparation Work....................................................................................................................................... 14

STAGE 2: Site Clearance Work................................................................................................................................... 19

STAGE 3: Substructure Work...................................................................................................................................... 21

STAGE 4: Superstructure Work.................................................................................................................................. 25

7.0 COSTING...........................................................................................................................................39
8.0 FACTOR TO BE CONSIDERED...............................................................................................41

8.1 TIME..............................................................................................................................................41

8.2 COST.............................................................................................................................................42

8.3 QUALITY......................................................................................................................................43

8.4 SAFETY........................................................................................................................................44

8.5 MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................................45

9.0 PROPOSED DRAWING 3D.......................................................................................................46

CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................53

REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................54
1.0 Introduction

Timber Frame System

Timber frame construction forms the super-structure, a complete structural frame that
transfers the vertical and horizontal loads to the foundations, using pre-fabricated (off-site
manufactured) exterior and interior stud walls, floor joists, and roof trusses. After that, the timber
frame building can be clad with brick, wood, fibre cement board, rendered, or tile, which will
both add aesthetic appeal and weather protection. On-site installation of the external cladding
would occur.
In the most of timber frame buildings in the UK, prefabricated panels made by
specialised companies like Vision Development are used. Instead of being constructed outside
on a building site at the mercy of the weather, factory production of these timber frame panels
ensures that they are accurately fabricated to specific requirements in a controlled factory
environment.
A weatherproof building can be constructed in a few days using rapidly erected timber
frame panels and a roof made of trussed rafters (depending on designThis allows construction to
proceed within the building under cover while the external cladding and roof finishes are being
installed. Due to the time savings, decoration may be done right away after construction is
finished without worrying about finishes cracking or degrading.
In addition to being widely utilised for houses, timber frame construction is also
frequently used for sporting facilities, offices, hotels, and office buildings. Up to eight storey
buildings can be constructed using the timber frame method. Larger spans with cable/pipe
accessible floors for first fix services are achievable with the increase of the combination of
timber and metal (metal web posi joists & structural beams).
The report is regarding a study on timber frame structure. It is to expose the elements
timber structure system of industrial and commercial buildings. It is also to ensure the
understanding about the method of timber frame construction.

1
2.0 Background Company

Figure 1: Company Logo

MEGAH PROPERTY is a consultant firm that situated in Shah Alam, Selangor which is specialises in
construction and design. This business has been in operation since March of 2010. MEGAH PROPERTYs board
of directors is led by Sr. Siti Rahimah Binti Rizal.

This company was established in March 2010 as a project design firm. The company is extending its
business in the construction and consulting fields as it grows and gains strength, expertise, and machinery assets.
MEGAH PROPERTY possesses Class A and Grade 7 licences authorised by the Malaysian Construction Industry
Development Board (CIDB), which is the highest grade for a contractor because they do not have a tendering
capacity limit. MEGAH PROPERTY also registered with Pusat Khidmat Kontractor (PKK) and obtained
Bumiputra status (PKK).

2
2.1 Vision and Mission Company

Mission
Vision
Customer recognition and stakeholder
To be a global leader in the engineering,
satisfaction will be achieved through
manufacture, and delivery of high-value-
committing to the greatest level of
added quality construction products and
performance while maintaining integrity,
services.
inventiveness, and a passion for success.

Figure 2: Vision and Mission Company

2.2 Organization Chart

BOARD OF
DIRECTOR
Sr. Siti Rahimah
binti Rizal

PROJECT
MANAGER
Sr. Aiman Syakirin
bin Zamzury

BUILDING BUILDING
SURVEYOR BUILDING
SURVEYOR
SURVEYOR
Sr. Muhammad Sr. Muhammad
Sr. Amirul Syafiq
Shahamin Adam Bin Fahim bin MD
bin Anuar
MD Shahfri Rozaini Azman

Figure 3: Organization Chart

3
3.0 Building Background

3.1 Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery, Klang

Figure 4: Front view of the gallery

Name of building Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery (Galeri Diraja Sultan Abdul Aziz).
Owner Sultan of Selangor.
Property address Jalan Stesen, Kawasan 1, 41000 Klang, Selangor.
Building status Heritage building.
Year of established 1909
Open in Public 2007
Architect Arthur Benison Hubback

4
 The Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery (Galeri Diraja Sultan Abdul Aziz) is housed in a
1909 classic colonial building in Klang, the Sultan Suleiman Building, known locally as the
‘White House of Selangor’. The gallery was created by the present Sultan of Selangor, His Royal
Highness (HRH) Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah, as a tribute to and in honour of his father, the
late His Royal Highness (HRH) Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. It was opened to the public
in late 2007.

The eighth Sultan of Selangor and the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia was
the late His Royal Highness (HRH) Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. When he was chosen as
the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, he was Malaysia's oldest head of state and had ruled Selangor for a
total of 41 years, from 1960 to 2001. He ruled the Paramount from 1999 to 2001, a period of 2.5
years.

Visitors can learn about the life and times of the late His Royal Highness (HRH) Sultan
Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah at the Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery, including his early years
growing up, days as a crown prince, military career, life in public office, and appointment as the
Sultan of Selangor.

He gave the Federal Government the land he had while he was the Sultan so they could
build the capital city that is now known as Kuala Lumpur. Similar events led to the creation of
Putrajaya as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Today, Malaysia's administrative centre is there. The
Royal Gallery keeps a record of all of these.

Each of the seven halls in the Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery includes personal
collections, gifts, souvenirs, and artifacts from various periods of the late Sultan's life up until his
passing. Except for the royal crown jewels, which are replicas since management is unable to
meet the royal household's requirement to have two 24-hour police guards despite the fact that
the casings are already bulletproof, every single item in the Royal Gallery is original.

Like most museums and art galleries, photography and videography are not allowed. In
special cases where these are allowed, flash isn’t allowed to be used as the heat from these
devices could affect the exhibits.

As stunning as the inside is the building itself. Arthur Benison Hubback, who also
constructed the Ipoh and KL railway stations as well as many other well-known Malaysian
landmarks, created this classic example of colonial architecture in 1909. The structure was
constructed as a colonial government office, used as a Japanese military headquarters during

5
World War II, housed numerous local government offices following independence, and was
finally transformed into this superb museum a few years ago. On the ground floor, you may
observe a vintage safe that was in use back in colonial days.

6
3.2 Key and Site Plan

Figure 5: Key Plan

Figure 6: Site Plan

7
Figure 7: Site Plan
4.0 Drawing detailing related to construction

Figure 8: Drawing Detailing Related to Construction

8
5.0 Proposed

5.1 Building Plant

Based on the condition and location of the project the best option is to rent the machinery and
equipment instead of buy them. Since the frequency of use and the period of used or versatility is low.
Large equipment such as excavator, and bulldozer are expensive that must be planned. Rent also can
reduce the long run expense, especially on maintenance, avoid storage cost and can be competitive in
tender bids when there are many supplies.

The decision to acquire construction machineries and equipment must be considered seriously cause
the capital required is very high. The cost of some machineries can be in the range of several hundred
thousand-to-million-ringgit Malaysia. Things that need to be considered in renting the machineries and
equipment are the financial situation, length of the projects, and risk of equipment availability.

The price rate for renting the machineries and equipment is as shown below. The price rates
are based on the court price rate schedule.

No Type of Machineries & RM/Units Quantity Total

Function
Equipment (RM)

To dig or move large

1 57.08/hour 25 hours 1427.00
objects.
Excavator

To dig up hard,
compact material,
2 usually earth, or to 36.00/hour 70 hours 2520.00
lift heavy loads, such
as a sewer box.
Backhoe

HIAB Trucks To load and unload

heavy objects without
needing too much
equipment, saving
3 650.00/trip 2 trips 1300.00
you time and money.
It is a vehicle that
self-loads and
unloads.
Total 5247.00
9
10
 5.2 Temporary Works
The function of temporary work is to provide labourers, supplies, and even equipment with access to
the interior and exterior of the structure. A temporary structure must be erected, maintained, and
engineered to bear all potential loads. It may also only be used for the purposes for which it was
installed, maintained, and intended.

The temporary works to provide structural support include:

a) Gantries scaffolding

These are elevated platforms used when building being maintained or under construction is adjacent to
a public footpath. The gantry and footpath can be used for storage of materials and supporting an
independent scaffold.

b) Mobile cranes: Lorry Mounted Lattice Jib Cranes

Lifting device design to raise materials by means of rope operation and move the load horizontally
within their limitation of any machine. This crane can lift exceed of 100 tones.

11
 5.3 Proposed Maintenance Job and Safety Precautions
5.3.1 Proposed Maintenance Job
A proposed maintenance job in construction refers to a planned or scheduled task or set
of tasks that are intended to preserve, repair, or improve a building or other structure. This can
include tasks such as painting, roof repairs, HVAC maintenance, landscaping, and other tasks
that are necessary to keep a building or structure in good condition and functioning properly. The
proposed maintenance job would likely be outlined in a document or plan, detailing the tasks to
be performed, the materials and equipment needed, and the expected timeline for completion.

5.3.1.1 Planning
Maintenance must start with proper planning. A risk assessment must be carried
out and workers should be involved in this process. Issues to be covered at the planning
stage are:

Scope of task on what it

needs to be done and how
it will affect other Risk assessment for Permits to work and lock-
workers and activities in potential hazards have to be
workplace. identified. out systems.

Time and resources that
the activity will require.
Communication between
Competence of the
maintenance and staff and
employees and adequate
all other parties concerned.
training.

Figure 9: Planning Maintenance Stage

5.3.1.2 Ensuring Workplace Safety

The work area needs to be guarded by limiting access, for instance with signs
and barriers. Along with keeping the area tidy and secure, it is also necessary to
provide temporary ventilation, shut out electricity, secure any moving sections of
machinery, and create safe access points for personnel to enter and exit the work area.

12
5.3.1.3 Use of Proper Equipment
The tools and equipment needed for maintenance operations should be available
to the workers, which may be different from what they are used to. They must also
have the proper personal protection equipment since they might be working in places
that weren't intended for people to operate in and because they might be exposed to a
number of dangers (PPE).

5.3.1.4 Work as Planned

Safe work practices must be properly administered and communicated to
employees as well as supervisors. To ensure that the established safe work practices
and job site regulations are followed, the work should be closely watched.
Unexpected events need the implementation of procedures. Stopping work
when faced with an unexpected problem or a situation that is beyond one's level of
competence should be a part of a safe work system. It is crucial to keep in mind that
going beyond one's own level of proficiency and skill can lead to accidents.

5.3.1.5 Final Check

The completion of the task, the safety of the machine being maintained, and the removal
of all waste materials generated during the maintenance process must all be verified before the
maintenance procedure is considered complete. When everything has been examined and
deemed safe, the assignment can be approved, and managers and other employees can be
informed.

13
5.3.2 Safety Precaution
Safety precautions in construction are essential to prevent accidents, injuries, and other
hazards on construction sites. Some key safety precautions in construction include:

• Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as hard hats, safety glasses, earplugs, and
steel-toed boots.
• Following proper procedures for working with heavy machinery, power tools, and other
equipment.
• Regularly inspecting equipment and tools to ensure they are in good working condition.
• Using appropriate fall protection such as scaffolding, guardrails, and safety harnesses when
working at heights.
• Properly training workers on safety procedures and protocols.
• Establishing emergency response plans and procedures.
• Implementing traffic control to separate workers and vehicle traffic.
• Regularly inspecting the site for hazards and addressing them promptly.
• Properly storing materials and tools to prevent tripping hazards.
• Following the specific safety guidelines provided by the employer and regulatory agency.
• Ensuring that workers are aware of the safety signs, emergency exits and fire-fighting
equipment
• Maintaining proper hygiene and sanitation measures to prevent spread of infectious diseases.
• Regularly conducting safety drills and emergency evacuation procedures.
• Encouraging workers to report safety hazards to prevent accidents.

It's important to note that safety precautions will vary depending on the specific job and site
conditions. It's crucial that workers follow the specific safety guidelines provided by their
employer and the regulatory agency to ensure a safe working environment.

14
6.0 Job Sequence
STAGE 1: Preparation Work
1. Site Evaluation

Figure 10: Location of Site Evaluation

A site survey to ascertain where it is safe to build is a crucial part of getting ready for
a building project. Any construction project must have a professional survey
conducted in order to make sure that all necessary procedures have been followed and
that the staff is aware of the land they are working with. A site assessment survey
effectively transforms your building plans into reality by inspecting the property to
determine whether the design can move forward or whether significant changes are
needed.

There are three types of surveys can be carried out on the spot, depending on the size
of the project which is:

 Site Investigation Survey - Site investigation is the process of looking into a

potential construction site in order to gather, evaluate, and report information and
data on the site. Also, in order to gather information on the state of the ground
beneath a site and any dangers, a site investigation survey is carried out.
According to studies, unanticipated ground conditions account for 80% of
building site issues; these issues may have been avoided if a site investigation
survey had been carried out from the beginning.

15
• Refurbishment and Demolition (R&D) Survey - When a building is to be renovated,
destroyed, removed, or disassembled in whole or in part, a Refurbishment and Demolition
survey is necessary. An R&D survey should only be carried out when demolition activity is
anticipated because it can be intrusive. To ensure that the project goes as easily and safely as
possible, the report will include plans and conclusions in addition to a complete list of all
places that were thoroughly inspected and the ability to detect any traces of asbestos.

• Dilapidation Survey - A dilapidation survey determines how well-maintained a building,

structure, or land area is. It will highlight any harm or potential issues with a building,
structure, or property's current state or construction. The Surveyor's expertise and knowledge
will also help the Demolition Contractor choose a safe and efficient starting approach and
sequence.

16
2. Develop the site design plan

Hoarding
Board

SITE OFFICE STORAGE WORKER’S

HOME

PARKING

AREA

TOILET

Figure 11: The Develop of The Site Design Plan

 All required septic tanks and drains should be built when the soil testing is
finished, and the design will then be amended to show where fixtures and
septic tanks should be placed. A permanent record of the subsurface spaces
should also exist.

 Furthermore, the site plan also shows all recently built access roads for
construction equipment, temporary storage sites, site office, workers
temporary home, toilet and parking. Also, the site plan should include the
location of hoarding board will be built as a border for construction site and as
a cover from the public area. Not to mention, the building's future location is
also shown on the site plan.

17
3. Create Site Access Points

Hoarding
Board

SITE OFFICE STORAGE WORKER’S

HOME
ACCESS ROAD
FOR WORKER

PARKING
AREA

ACCESS ROAD
FOR WORKER
TOIELT

Figure 12: Create Site Access Points

 With the design in place, you can create site access points both on the
construction site and around the job site. When preparing the site, it is critical
that heavy machinery has access to the necessary areas. For example,
demolition machinery or land clearing equipment may be required to remove
old structures. Not to mention, construction site should have both exit and
entrance for heavy machinery access to the construction site. This is to allow
smooth traffic flow in or outside of the construction site.

 In addition, exit route from construction site needs to have temporary wash
bay for trucks to wash off the dirt from site on the trucks. This is to avoid dirt
or mess from smearing onto the outside road.

18
4. Site Safety Plan

SIGN
HAZARD
SITE OFFICE STORAGE WORKER’S

HOME
ACCESS ROAD
FOR WORKER

PARKING
AREA

ASSEMBLY
POINT

ACCESS ROAD
FOR WORKER
SIGN
HAZARD TOIELT

SIGN
HAZARD

Figure 13: Site Safety Plan

 The safety strategy for the location is essential since it secures the employees. The
parties concerned must therefore think about where they would assemble in case
something unexpected occurs on the site. They must also think about where to put
the warning notice.

 Furthermore, the warning or safety sign should be place especially at the access
gate of the construction site and it must be visible from afar. This is to remind the
workers and visitors that safety comes first when entering the construction site. Not
to mention, any visitor to enter the construction site should have permission or
access card like CIDB green card (in Malaysia) to avoid injuries or deaths to people
unrelated to the working site such as the public.

19
STAGE 2: Site Clearance Work

1. Clearing and Grubbing

• Clearing and grubbing is the process of removing any trees, bushes, grass, garbage, and
any other pertinent obstructions from the work area. There are steps for clearing and
grubbing which includes:

• Placing survey markers to indicate the site clearance work zone.

• A record of conditions, including a photographic survey, must be agreed upon by the

Engineer and any pertinent authorities prior to the start of work.
• Make a topographic survey of any land that might be impacted.

• Examine, estimate, and decide which trees need to be cut down in consultation with
the engineer and the forest authority.
• Before beginning the operation, identify and prominently mark each tree that will be
cut down.
• Remove all trees, bushes, plants, stumps, and roots that have been marked, adopting the
following safety precautions:
• Minimizing the effects of tree and soil loss

• Steer clear of creating needless harm.

• Dispose of hazardous and non-usable materials in compliance with the following

regulations:
- Test any hazardous trash or material found before taking any action and alert the
engineer.
- Remove or discard all items that the Engineer deems to be unimportant.

- Remove any loose boarders or items that were discovered outside the building site
that can jeopardise it.
• Maintain a clear, orderly, and stable surface to allow water to fall and avoid ponding.

20
2. Removal of existing Materials

All current structures, including walls, fences, drains, water pipes, and cables, must be
safely taken down while solutions to their current responsibilities are found. Additionally,
it eliminates dangerous substances including asbestos minerals, petroleum contaminants,
and radioactive metals that are found. Prior to construction of the structure, hazardous
things must be removed from the site by qualified professionals.

3. Topsoil Removal and levelling

Set up survey marks to indicate the area that needs to have topsoil removed. Remove the
topsoil to the subsoil level or as instructed by the engineer. Use tracked equipment like an
excavator, wheel loader, tipper, and dozer.

Subsoil and other excavated materials should be disposed of and stored separately from
topsoil for potential future use in covering the required area. Ensure that there is an
adequate material on hand for this.

Put the dirt where it has been indicated on the drawing, by the engineer, or by the project
manager by dividing it up into lots. Topsoil storage shall be prohibited 5 metres or less
from a watercourse or drain where buildings or materials are to be stored. Compact the dirt
once it has been distributed equally across the required areas.
STAGE 3: Substructure Work

 FOOTING WORK (STRIP FOOTING)

ELEMENT FIGURE WORK

Bringing all machineries and

MACHINERIES trucks required to build the
structure into the site.

Figure 14: Machinery

FOUNDATION Determine the locations for the

WORK strip foundation

(Strip
Foundation)
Then excavate the ground there
Strip and create a trench. The trench
foundations are should be central to the wall
by far the most above.
common type of
foundations used
Figure 15: Excavating Trench for Strip
for timber frame
Foundation
Pour in lean concrete
buildings.
Erect the formwork and install
the bottom main bars.
Installation of column starter
bars follow.
Binders are used to tie the
column starter bars. Then,
install the upper main bars.
Followed by the installation of
upper distribution bars
Figure 16: Formwork for Strip
Foundation
 Now fill concrete into the
formwork
Once the concrete is set, the
formwork can be removed and
the excavated material can be
used for backfilling.

Figure 17: Concrete for Strip Foundation


  GROUND BEAM WORK

ELEMENT FIGURE DESCRIPTION OF WORK

Preparation and setting out the
GROUND area
BEAM  Prepare the timber joists
WORK at the site for installation
(TIMBER  Setting out the area to
FLOOR place the timber joists.
JOIST) Laying out the joists
 After setting out the area
and the timber joists
following the dimensions
required in the drawing, lay
the timber joists on to the
ground with spaces between
them are in the same
measurements.
Cutting the band board
 Band board is boards that is
place in between one joist
from other one joist to
ensure the joists did not
move from its place.
 Also, it is made as a bind
between one joist with a
another to strengthen the
joists placement.
Attaching joists to girder
 Three 16d toenails should
be used to secure the joist to
the girder. Using a framing
hammer, drive two nails at
45-degree angles through
the lower part of the joist's
face and into the upper edge
of the girder. You run the
risk of fracturing the upper
edge of the girder if you
don't space the nails so they
enter the middle rather than
close to an outer edge.
Attach joists to sill plate
 Attaching joists to the sill
plate with nails
 Sill plate is place on top of
the foundation wall
STAGE 4: Superstructure Work

• INSTALLATION OF TIMBER FRAME

These are the work step for timber frame.

1. The first one is timbers are organized and packaged for shipment.
2. Timbers are delivered to the job site.
3. Bents are assembled and stacked.
4. The crane arrives.
5. The crane lifts the bents. They are connected and set.
6. Between each bent that is set, the ridge is dropped into place and either purlins or rafters are
installed.

ELEMENT FIGURE DESCRIPTION OF WORK

Label The assembly & raising process begins after
timber fabrication. Every cut of timber is labeled for
its place in the frame, and then it's organized
into bent material, purlins & or rafters, and
connectors. The organized timber is
packaged for shipment.

Figure 22: Timber

Ship timber The parts for the timber frame are delivered
"knocked down" to the job site on tractor
trailers.

Figure 23 : Shipping Timber

Assemble Bents and trusses are assembled on the
bents & ground. In this picture, a girder truss is
trusses being assembled. Come-along (the things
with the handles) help pull the timber
together and hold it tight while pegs and
bolts are driven into place.

Figure 24: Assemble Bents & Trusses

Organize Once on site, the bent pieces are put
bents & bays close to the building to be pre-
assembled, and the purlins, connectors
and ridges are put where the crane can
reach them on the day of the raising.

Figure 25: Organize Bents & Bays

Lift bents The crane arrives on site to lift the pre-
assembled bents. This photo shows a
section of a building that was pre-
assembled on the ground being lowered
into place by a crane.

Figure 26: Lift Bents

Position Bents are brought down and secured to the
bents deck and temporarily braced with 2x4 cross
bracing. This photograph shows timber
framers walking the bent to align the bottom
of each post with its proper position.

Figure 27: Position Bents

A rafter A timber rafter is being placed between
being bents. Notice the notches in the bottom of
installed the rafter and in the top of the bent.

Figure 28: A Rafter Being Installed

Connect Once the bents are in position, the bracing is

bents released and the bents are spread open a few
inches so the connectors can be put into
place.

Figure 29: Connect Bents

Drive pegs When the connectors are in place, the bents
are pulled tight with come alongs and the
connectors' tenons are pegged tight with
hardwood pegs that are driven into place by
hand.

Figure 30: Drive Pegs

Install Next, purlins are lowered into their pockets.
purlins Then hardwood wedges are driven into the
purlin pockets to secure the joint.

Figure 31: Install Purlins

Install Entire pre-assembled sections are picked up
sections and lowered into place. This assembly will
top the ridge a barn frame.

Figure 32: Install Sections

Tighten & Finally, the timber frame is tightened and
finish the completed except for the tree on the high
frame gable. Nailing a tree to a timber frame is a
good luck German tradition that builders
carry out even to this day.

Figure 33: Tighten & Finish the Frame

Tag lines Tag lines (the ropes) are used to spin the
trusses in flight and direct them into place.

Figure 34: Tag Lines

Structural Super insulated foam panels are fabricated

insulated and cut to size at the stress skin
panels manufacturer's shop, then shipped to the job
site ready to be installed.

Figure 35: Structural

Insulated Panels
TYPES OF DOOR

ELEMENT FIGURE DESCRIPTION

Double panel  Size 1800mm x 2100mm high with one
door fixed panel, plugged and screwed to
brick wall including ironmongery.

Figure 36: Double Panel Door

INSTALLATION OF DOOR

ELEMENT FIGURE DESCRIPTION OF WORK

Position 1. Slide the door into the rough
the door opening.
2. Put the door in the opening and
slide it until the jamb is flush with
the wall.
3. Double check to be sure the door
opens in the desired location and
direction.

Figure 37: Position the door

Add shims 1. Use a level to check that the door is
straight. Add shims to adjust the level
and ensure the jamb is plumb.
2. The door frame should be slightly
smaller than the opening it fits to allow
for adjustments. Slip shims under the
side jamb until the head jamb is level.
3. Shim between the side jambs and the
studs to fill in the spaces between them.
Figure 38: Add Shims 4. On the hinge side, start with the bottom
and top of the jamb. Shim between the
hinges and studs, positioning the shims
so that about half the shim is above the
hinge, which will help you later when
nailing.
5. On the latch side, shim at roughly the
same places and at latch level.
6. Check the level of the door again.
 Nail door 1. Finishing nails through the
frame to studs frame, through the shims and into
the studs.
2. Drive two nails through each
shim about an inch from each
edge of the jamb, with one about
a 1/2-inch above the other.
3. Before driving the nails, open
and close the door and make any
Figure 39: Nail Door Frame to necessary adjustments.
Studs

Install door 1. Nail the trim to the jamb and

trim studs.
2. Finishing nails through the trim
and into the studs behind the
wall, spacing the nails about 16
inches apart.
3. Trim any exposed shims by
scoring them with a knife and
then breaking along the line.
Figure 40: Install door trim 4. Cut and install the trim on the
second side of the door in the
same manner as the first side.

Attach 1. Once the door is hung, attach the

hardware and backplates and door knobs. Make
accessories sure not to screw the knobs on too
tightly.
2. Add the lockset and strike plate.
TYPES OF WINDOW

ELEMENT FIGURE DESCRIPTION

Casement  Size 1600mm x 1600mm high with
window 2 numbers side window plugged
and screwed to brick wall including
ironmongery.

Figure 41: Casement Window

 INSTALLATION OF WINDOW

ELEMENT FIGURE DESCRIPTION OF WORK

Make 1. From the outside, use an aluminum
opening tape or a water seal gasket to seal
watertight the opening.
2. Roll out the material, and start from
the bottom sill.
3. Fix it both on top as well as under
the sill, and make sure to leave no
gaps.
4. Proceed with the sides, and ensure
it is tightly sealed.
5. New shingles will go over the top
of this, so make sure to extend out
Figure 42: Make Opening
Watertight on the side and bottom.
6. Make perfect corners, and cut
and fold the excess. Finish at the top.

Level 1. To make sure that the wall

opening opening is level, use spirit level
 on the bottom sill. If it isn’t, raise one side
with a small shim.

Figure 43: Level Opening

Place 1. The new window will be fixed with
window in a so-called nailing flange.
opening 2. If it’s not already bent, it will need
to turn it to a 90-degree angle. That
way, when the window is installed,
the nailing flange will be flush with
the wall.
3. Now it is time to lift the window
open.
4. Lift the window into the frame and
fit it snugly. Make sure the shim
hasn’t moved.
Figure 44: Place Window in
Opening
Nail the 1. Starting from at the top, hammer a
window nail into the center hole, then put a
pin in every other hole.
2. Make sure the window is still level.
If it is, continue putting nails in the
rest of the holes in the nailing
flange.

Figure 45: Nail the Window

Additional 1. Put more gasket or aluminum tape over
water seal the top nailing flange that helps to ensure
that there won’t be any leakage from the top.

Figure 46: Additional water

seal
Interior 1. Build the casing. Then, install all the
installation window hardware.

Figure 47: Interior

Installation
Finish work 1. Inside, hang molding and paint the
casing and the molding as
necessary.
2. Meanwhile, at the outside need to
install a new sill and window
frame.
3. Make sure to caulk all openings as
further security against leakage.

Figure 48: Finish Work

STAGE 5: FINISHING WORK

ELEMENT FIGURE WORK

Exterior Timber Boarding
Wall 1. Boards nailed at each
Finishes furring strip
2. Furring strips provide a
more economical nailing
surface than blocking.
Figure 49: Exterior Wall Finishes
Paintwork
Prepare and apply one
undercoat with two finishing
coats of emulsion paint that is
a water-based polyurethane
Interior Wall Timber Boarding
Finishes 1. Boards nailed at each
furring strip
2. Furring strips provide a
more economical nailing
surface than blocking.
Paintwork
Prepare and apply one
undercoat with two finishing
coats of emulsion paint that is
a water-based polyurethane
Figure 50: Interior Wall Finishes
Interior HARDWOOD FLOOR
Floor 1. Align the board with the
Finishes layout line with the
tongue facing the
center of the room.
2. Countersink the nails
using a nail punch and
fill the remaining hole
with matching putty.
3. Blind nail at a 45-
degree angle through
Figure 51: Interior Floor Finishes
 the tongue
4. Lock tongue and
groove by tapping them
together with a mallet
7.0 Costing
COST COMPONENT COST (RM)
CONSTRUCTION COST

1. Earthwork Cost 2109.09

2. Clearing Grabbing Cost 1737.05
3. Drainage Cost 2006.85
4. Surfacing Cost 3221.65

TRANSPORTATION COST

1. Plant and Machinery 5247.00

SUBSTRUCTURE 100,000.00
SUPERSTRUCTURE 150,000.00
FINISHES 112,500.00
FURNITURE AND FITTINGS 95,000.00
SERVICES 89,000.00
INFRASTRUCTURE 130,000.00
PRELIMINARIES 20,000.00
TOTAL 710,821.64

Cost estimating is one of the most important steps in project management. A cost
estimate establishes the base line of the project cost at different stages of development of the
project. A cost estimate at a given stage of project development represents a prediction
provided by the cost engineer or estimator on the basis of available data. According to the
American Association of Cost Engineers, cost engineering is defined as that area of
engineering practice where engineering judgment and experience are utilized in the
application of scientific principles and techniques to the problem of cost estimation, cost
control and profitability.

Construction costs form part of the overall costs incurred during the development of
a built asset such as a building. Very broadly, construction costs will be those costs incurred
by the actual construction works themselves, and on some projects may be determined by
the value of the contract with the main contractor.

However, the construction contract may include costs that might not in themselves be
considered literal construction costs (hard costs), such as fees, profits, overheads, and so on.
 Many projects will also include costs that it is not possible to determine when
the construction contract is awarded (such as prime cost sums and provisional sums), and
there may be construction works that are awarded by the client outside of the main
contract (such as fitting out the interior, minor alterations to
the completed works, installation of equipment, and so on).

In addition, the contract is likely to allow for the contract sum to be adjusted as a
result, for example, of variations to the works, claims for loss and expense, or fluctuations (a
way of dealing with inflation on large projects that may last for several years). It is because of
these unknowns that clients are advised to hold a contingency.

As a result, what is considered the actual 'construction cost' of a project must be

clearly defined and may not be finally determined until well after the actual construction
works have been completed. This is true, even if a contract is described as having a 'fixed
price' or 'guaranteed maximum price'.

Other than initial cost appraisals, these all relate to the construction cost of
the project (rather than wider project costs that the client might incur, which could
include fees, equipment costs, furniture, the cost of moving staff, contracts outside of
the main works, and so on).

Contingencies will tend to be highest in the early stages of the project when there are
the greatest number of possible risks, but can generally be reduced as better particulars about
the project become available and some risks have passed or been overcome.
8.0 Factor to be considered

8.1 Time
In construction, a prefabricated wood frame may be built faster on site than an
equivalent brick and block structure. Timber frames, on the other hand, it may not
require more time for design and manufacture, resulting in a prolonged delay before
work begins on site. Since the interior will be exposed to weather for less time,
interior trades such as plastering and electrical wiring can begin work earlier in the
construction schedule. (Baros, 2018) Compare to other material such as reinforced
concrete, it need to wait for 7-14 days in order for the concrete to harden. Therefore,
the process of construction will take a longer time.

A timber frame may be partially pre-cut, modulated, and precision-built,

resulting in a considerably shorter build time than a brick build. Time is also saved
since there is less construction debris to remove. Timber-framed buildings are
significantly easier to construct than brick or stone structures. A shorter construction
period saves time and money for both residential and commercial property owners.
Timber construction is likewise a less skilled and less expensive expertise. (Dalton,
2017)
8.2 Cost
The cost of construction for timber structure can be expensive. This is due the
type of timber used in constructing the building structure. In order to get a strong and
durable building structure, the type of timber used must be in a high quality.
Therefore, this will subsequently affect the cost of material where a high-quality
timber material is very expensive. For example, the strongest and high quality timber
in Malaysia would be belian wood or known as Eusideraoxylon Zwageri which is
found in the forest and has been used since time immemorial. The stronger the timber,
the price would be more expensive because the wood is in a high quality.

The other reason for timber material is in high cost because it is hard to get
and due to it is become more protected nowadays. By referring to article from Borneo
Talk, it mentions that the based on the research made, belian trees has been found to
be extremely slow in growth hence, the source is limited for commercial used. Even
though the source is limited, but it is still high demand in today’s market due to rarity
and distinct quality it possesses.

In construction, timber is more expensive compared to reinforced concrete

structure. The used of various material in reinforced concrete structure will contribute
to high material cost. Besides, the cost to be considered in timber construction is
transportation cost because it needs to be transport from the factory to the site and
some of them are required a larger compartment. It also need labours to evacuate the
goods but since timber is a material that is more easy to handle compare to other
materials, it does not require a skilled worker in handling it. Therefore, this will help
to reduce the labour cost. Besides, the cost that need to borne is the maintenance cost
of the building structure. Since timber is easily to deteriorate, it needs a regular
maintenance in order for the structure is function well.
8.3 Quality
A quality timber item should not fail quickly and should be strong enough to
withstand stresses operating on it. The strength of timber varies depending on the
direction it is loaded either transversely or directly towards it. When building
structural wood elements such as wooden beams, joists, rafters, and others, strength is
a key quality to consider. (The Constructor Building Ideas, 2017) When choosing
timber material as a building structure, strength is one of the characteristic that need
to be considered because compare to other materials, the durability is less that other
materials such as reinforced concrete. Therefore, the chosen of high-quality timber
material can enhance the durability of the structure.

By referring to the documents, Malaysian Code of Practice for Structural Use

of Timber and the Malayan Grading Rules for Sawn Hardwood Timbers describe and
divide timber species into strength categories, as well as criteria and regulations for
using timber structures and grading rules. Timber species are classified into seven
strength groups, numbered SG 1 through SG 7, in decreasing order of strength. Some
species are natively resistant to decay and may not require treatment.
8.4 Safety
Safety is always crucial regardless of what type of material is used in building
construction. Using timber material that has been treated with a specialised flame
retardant, which will provide the material an invisible screen to assist guard against
fire, can further increase the safety. The example of fire retardant are halogenated
flame retardant which usually used in the electronics, construction products, textiles
and coating industries or intumescent coating which function when fire hits, it expand
significantly to create a fore resistant and insulating layer on the material surface
which can slow structural damage by deformation from the heat. (PBCToday, 2022)

In considering the safety during construction, there are some safety

compliance need to be followed such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for
example, hard helmets, safety harnesses, safety gloves, safety boots, overalls, safety
goggles, and earplugs, if needed, should be worn by workers while on the job site.
The function of PPE is to protect the labour on site and reduce the possibilities of
getting harm. The labour also should be aware of their surrounding when working
because the construction is usually full of heavy machine and equipment which is
dangerous especially when they're careless.
8.5 Maintenance
After timber installation, the most crucial component in preserving the long-
term attractiveness and aesthetics of the outside timber project is adequate
maintenance. The appearance of timber will deteriorate with time, and the amount of
care required may vary based on the timber species, application, location, exposure,
and coating used. Discoloration, broken panels, insects, deterioration, shrinkage,
cracking, mildew, and projecting nails are the most typical issues. Timber care should
be performed on an annual basis to keep the timber look as good as new. Regular
maintenance of the timber surface is recommended to reduce the formation of mould,
fungal, organic growths, and airborne pollutants. Brushing and clearing away leaves,
soil, and debris on a regular basis will maintain the surface clean and protect against
algae formation. Any portions that are discoloured, scratched, or failing should be
attended to immediately to minimise additional deterioration, discoloration, or insect
assault. Most of the time, a cleaning and recoat of the timber is all that is required to
maintain the attractiveness of the original finish. Recoat the outer surface of the
building structure is considered important due to it is always exposed to weather
condition such as rain, wind and hot which might easily cause defects to the building
structure or enhance the growth of mould or the presence of pest. As per mention, all
the cost for maintenance need to take into account to ensure that the building is
always in good condition and usable for the future.
9.0 Proposed Drawing 3D

Figure 52: Ground Floor Plan

Figure 53: First Floor Plan

Figure 54: Roof Plan

Figure 55: East Elevation

Figure 56: West Elevation

Figure 57: North Elevation

Figure 58: South Elevation

Figure 59: Foundation Plan

Figure 60: 3D Models

Figure 61: 3D Models

Figure 62: 3D Models

Figure 63: 3D Models

Figure 64: Perspective View

Figure 65: Perspective View

Conclusion
In conclusion, a timber pitched roof is recommended for the gallery. The use of a
timber frame has advantages in terms of reducing environmental impact, reducing
construction time, being easy to work with, providing excellent insulation, and being long-
lasting. The gallery's creation will take some time.

The labour is divided into five stages, beginning with preparation work and ending
with finishing tasks. When selecting the kind and material of a structural timber frame, the
five factors of time, money, quality, safety, and maintenance are already taken into account.
REFERENCES

Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery, Klang: From Emily to you. From Emily To You | bringing 2
U events & happenings in and around Ipoh ... & beyond... (2020, May 24). Retrieved
January 15, 2023, from https://www.emily2u.com/sultan-abdul-aziz-royal-gallery-
klang/

Google. (n.d.). Google my maps. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from

https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?
mid=1R8YZ9hTzKFvDLg4cTSp0Q4bSGg8&ll=3.041284434188781%2C101.449285
61929679&z=19

Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery - klang, Malaysia. Malaysia Traveller. (n.d.). Retrieved
January 15, 2023, from https://www.malaysia-traveller.com/sultan-abdul-aziz-royal-
gallery.html

JomTour!, M. (n.d.). Destinations sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery, Selangor. Mybarter.
Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.mybarter.com.my/destination/Sultan-
Abdul-Aziz-Royal-Gallery/

Baros. (2 July, 2018). Advantages and Disadvantages of Timber Frame Construction.

Retrieved from Isabel Barros Architect:
https://isabelbarrosarchitects.ie/blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-timber-frame-
construction/
Dalton, A. (2017). 10 benefits of using timber frame building. Retrieved from
https://www.buildersmerchantsnews.co.uk/10-benefits-of-using-timber-frame-
building/44552
The Constructor Building Ideas. (2017). Characteristic of good timber. Retrieved from
https://theconstructor.org/building/building-material/characteristics-good-timber/
35288/