16 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

GIÁO TRÌNH CỦA THẦY NGUYỄN HỮU KHÁNH HƯNG BIÊN SOẠN

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

3.1
1.

2. 2,5Å
Å

3.
4.
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 17

5. 0

6.
7.

8.
.
GH = GY + YH = 2dsin (3.1)
9.
2dsin = n (3.2)

(a) (b)

10.
sóng
11.

3.2
1.
không gian.
2.
.
3. .
4. .
18 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

PQR SQR TUQR

hkl 111 211 011
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 19

5.
6.
aa, nbb và ncc.
a b c 1 1 1 nbnc n n n n
7. : : : : : a c : a b (3.3)
na a nb b nc c na nb nc nanbnc nanbnc nanbnc
8. bnc:nanc:nanb

9.

10. h , k hay l

11.
a.
b.
hkl.

c.

12.

13.

1 h2 k2 l2 1 h2 k2 l2
2 2
(3.6-7)
d2 a2 d a c2
1 h2 k2 l2 1 4 h2 hk k2 l2
(3.8-9)
d2 a2 b2 c2 d2 3 a2 c2
1 h2 hk k 2 sin2 2 hk kl hl cos 2 cos
(3.10)
d2 a 2 1 3 cos 2 2 cos 3
1 1 h2 k 2 sin2 l2 2hl cos
(3.11)
d2 sin2 a2 b2 c2 ac
20 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

14.

- 14 ô

Tam tà a b c 900
a b c = = 900 ; 900
a b c = = = 900
Trung a=b=c = = 900
a=b c = = = 900
a=b c = = = 900
Cao a=b=c = = = 900

3.3
1. hkl

2.

3.

4.

5.
=n .
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 21

NaCl NaBr -NaBr

-NaBr

6.

Ihkl = K1n2pV F 2D2(PL)A (3.12)

e4 3
K1 I0 2 4 (3.13)
m c
K1
n
p
V
F2
D2 D2 = exp( 2M)
1 cos 2 2
PL -Thompson, PL
2 sin 2 cos 2
A A = A1( ) A2( )

7.

8.
22 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Hình 3.14 C
a=b=c ; = = = 900 a=b c ; = = = 900

Sn Sn
Sn

2 cassiterite và CaSnSiO5 malayaite

 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 23

3.4 -
1.
a.
b. -
c.
d.
e.
2.

Hình 3
- Khe-Soller - - - - - -
24 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

3.

-
song song s
4. .
5.
a.

b.

c.
d.
6.
.
7.
8.

9.

3.5
1.
2.
3.

3.5.1
1.
a.
b.
c.

3.5.2 Phân l
1.

a.
1.

2.
a X giao

hkl
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 25

3.

4.

5. -

6.

7.
- - - -

b.
1.
26 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Ne Cu Ag Au

2.

3.

4.

5.
a.

b.
n và
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 27

6.

7. phân tích
10 800 10
0

8.

9.

c.
1. hkl

2.

Ihkl = K1n2pV F 2D2(PL)A (3.12)

3.

4.

5. hkl
hkl

Ihkl maãu
H% 100 %
Ihkl p ure
6. hkl trong
hkl

Ihkl maãu
H% 100 %
Ihkl maãu Ihkl khaùc
7. hkl
hkl
2, Al2O3

8.

hkl

hkl

hkl

9.

10.
28 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

11.
5 100
vù 2 0/phút.

% 10 20 30 40 50
% 20 20 20 20 20
hkl 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

3.6
1.
a. hkl c.
b. Giá d.
2.

3.6.1 hkl

1. hkl

2.

3. Khi các giá hkl

4.
hkl hkl

4. hkl hkl
hkl

5.

6.
7.
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 29

Stt hkl I d, Å
1 101 3 3,435
2 112 6 2,543

3 10 1 4 2,374

4 102 9 2,081
5 202 5 1,738
6 123 10 1,599
7 233 5 1,513

0
2O3

8. quay 2 hkl
.
9. hkl hkl
hkl

10.
11.

2dsin = n (1.8)
12.
13.

màng l có = 1,5418

2 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90
100 8,845 8,758 8,672 8,588 8,506 8,425 8,346 8,268 8,192 8,117
300 2,978 2,969 2,959 2,950 2,940 2,931 2,921 2,912 2,903 2,894
500 1,824 1,821 1,817 1,814 1,811 1,807 1,804 1,801 1,797 1,794
700 1,344 1,342 1,341 1,339 1,337 1,336 1,334 1,332 1,331 1,329
30 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

2B4O7 4.7H2O

20000
Cr2O3
19000

18000

17000

16000

15000

14000

13000

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

2-Theta - Scale
Cr2O3 - File: Cr2O3.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ° - End: 79.987 ° - Step: 0.033 ° - Ste Cr2O3 1200C 6h - File: Cr2O3 1200C 6h.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ° - End: 79.987 °
Operations: Import Operations: Y Scale Add 4000 | Import
Cr2O3 600C 4h - File: Cr2O3 600C 4h.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ° - End: 79.987 °
Operations: Y Scale Add 1000 | Import
Cr2O3 800C 4h - File: Cr2O3 800C 4h.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ° - End: 79.987 ° -
Operations: Y Scale Add 2000 | Import
Cr2O3 1000°C 4h - File: Cr2O3 1000°C 4h.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ° - End: 79.98
Operations: Y Scale Add 3000 | Import

2O3

50 nm

80.000
0
t Cr2O3 Cr2O3
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 31

3.6.2
1.

Ihkl = K1n2pV F 2D2(PL)A (3.12)

2.

a.

b.

3. hkl.

4.

5.
FWHM).

3.6.3
1.

2.

34).
3.

4.

5. 2

6.

3.6.4
1.

2.
32 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

-Al2O3

hkl
 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 33

3. Các nguyên
a.
hkl thu

b. hkl thu
hkl 2rK hkl.

c.

d.
e.
.
4.
- -
5.

a.

b. phân tích

K
6.
cos

Góc Bragg
7. ), thì

-Sn

50 nm

Hình 3.46
m m
34 - X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

3.7
3.7.1
1. h 25 m.
2.

3.

3.7.2
1. 100 nm và c

2.

3.

3.7.3
1. 100 nm.
2.

3.7.4
1.
a.
b.

3.7.5
1.
2.

thép