SWOSOZIK

SWO^O^VSL ^LKLB\WZFBM NIKIA ZFZ^LA FBDOWAIZF @LSLWI]I^IB

‛]O\BN JIWL-

Noslb Slbmijir 5

Bs. Gihtiir, A.@lp, Zp.@lp.@oa

Nisusub Oklh 5

Burib Aiukibi Zunuri 7396399>8

Blry Uuky \tiri 73963994<
Ibbihii \ rdisiri 739639944
Nwiirthi Giyu @risbi ] 73963994=

SWOMWIA Z^\NF Z9 @LSLWI]I^IB

ZL@OKIH ^FBMMF FKA\ @LZLHI^IB GFBI ZLHI^ SSBF
@IG\SI^LB AOEO@LW^O
Ek. Wiyi Eigob @a 4
Aojo`lrto
^ihub 7373

@I^I SLBMIB^IW
Suji syu`ur `iai ujip`ib itis `lhinirit Ikkih Zwt yibm aibi tlkih Alkiapih`ib rihait
slrti hiniyihbyi, slhibmmi `iai nipit albylklsii`ib tumis yibm glrjunuk -SWOSOZIK
SWO^O^VSL ^LKLB\WZFBM NIKIA ZFZ^LA FBDOWAIZF
@LSLWI]I^IB
‛]O\BN JIWL- - tlpit pini wi`tubyi. Nib sikiwit slrti sikia jumi slkiku tlrjurih`ib
`lpini Bigi glsir Auhiaain ZI] yibm tlkih alagiwi `iti niri ikia `lgonohib albuju

ikia yibm plbuh nlbmib Fkau plbmltihuib nib tl`bokomi slplrti yibm `iti risi`ib pini siit
sl`iribm ibi.

Nikia `lslapitib ibi `iai ibmib albmujip`ib risi tlriai `isih `lpini slaui pihi` yibm
tlkih i`ut glrpirtisipisi nikia plbyusubib ai`ikih ibi. Ni nikia plbyusubib ai`ikih ibi
`iai albyiniri aisih gibyi` sl`iki `l`uribmib, ubtu` itu `riti` nib sirib yibm glrsidit
alagibmub niri rl`ib-rl`ib slaui sibmit `iai hirip`ib nlai `lslapurbiib
ai`ikih slkibjutbyi.

Zlaomi ai`ikih ibi nipit glraibdiit gimi `iti slaui `hususbyi gimi aihisiswi Zti`ls

Gibi Zlhit SSBF Itis plrhitiibbyi `iai ujip`ib tlriai `isih.

Srogokibmmo, 7> O`toglr 7373

Slbukis

NID^IW FZFV

SWOSOZIK SWO^O^VSL ...........................................................................................i

@I^I SLBMIB^IW. .............................................................................................

NID^IW FZF.............................................................................................................

GIG F SLBNIH\K\IB ........................................................................................

9.9 Kitir Glki`ibm.................................................................................................

9.7 ^ujuib...............................................................................................................

GIG FF SLAGIHIZIB .........................................................................................

7.9 Slagihisib.....................................................................................................

7.7 Srototypl.........................................................................................................

7.: Ibmmirib........................................................................................................

GIG FFF SLB\^\S..................................................................................................

:.9 @lsiapukib.....................................................................................................

:.7 Wl`oalbnisi.................................................................................................

:.: X-GLBBLW...................................................................................................

NID^IW S\Z^I@I...............................................................................................

GIG F SLBNIH\

K\IB

9.9 Kitir Glki`ibm

 @laijuib tl`bokomi ibdoraisi slrti tl`bokomi niginibm `lslhitib
glrniapi` tlrhinip tibmmibyi plaihiaib aisyiri`it tlrhinip nubii `lslhitib,
slhibmmi tlbimi
`lslhitib nitubtut ubtu` alaglri`ib plkiyibib `lslhitib glr`uikitis, prodlsiobik
nib albmlnlpib`ib plr`lagibmib tl`bokomi niginibm `lslhitib itu slbniri. Zikih situ
glbtu`
plaibdiitib tl`bokomi ibdoraisi niginibm `lslhitib inikih plbmmubiib altonl

^lklbursibm .(Frdib Aiukibi, 7373)

^lklbursibm alrupi`ib gimiib niri ^lklhlikth yibm nitlrip`ib pini
`lplriwitib. Vibm tlkih glrjikib sljiuh ibi yiitu nlbmib albmmubi`ib tlklpob, tltipi
nikia 73 tihub tlri`hir itiu klgih, i`tivitisbyi tlkih sibmit albibm`it. Slbl`ibib
`lplriwitib ni blmiri aiju nib glr`lagibm glrglni, slhibmmi plbl`ibib tlklbursibm
jumi glrviriisi ni ibtiri alrl`i, slplrti yibm niurii`ib ni giwih ibi. Glrgimii kiyibib
nib tl`bokomi yibm niji`up oklh tlklbursibm tlraisu` `obsuktisi jiri` jiuh0 plbmiwisib
plriwitib niri oklh pisilb ni tlapit tibmmik alrl`i0 tribsdlr niti yibm rlklvib, slplrti
ubtu` `obsuktisi nib plblkitiib
pisilb, stitisti`, itiu tujuib kiib0 nib plbylniiib plrpusti`iib nib gisis niti lkl`trobi`. Fbi

sibmit plbtibm ni blmiri-blmiri glr`lagibm, alkikui disikitisi plaglkijirib jiri` jiuh

(Lrlb & ]lgstlr, 739=). (Dribjis`i lt ik., 7396)
^l`bokomi yibm nipit nimubi`ib nikia tlklbursibm sibmit glrviriisi,
alkiputi5 tlklpob, plrsobik nimitik issistibts, sairtphobl, alsib di`siaiki, tigklt, joaputlr,
ibtlrblt, vinlo nib iunio jobdlrlbjibm, tlklriniokomi nib systla ibdoraisi
`oaputlr. ^ujuib
plbukisib ibi inikih ubtu` albmltihui plblripib tlklbursibm nikia plkiyibib
`lslhitib. (Dinhiki & Idriibi, 7373)
]HO albmiaiti gihwi tibmmubm jiwig plriwit albibm`it sljiri gii` nikia
glglripi nl`inl tlri`hir, `irlbi jibm`iuib `lmiitibbyi yibm alkuis, ibi nijobtoh`ib oklh

`obslp pri`tisi plriwit. Slriwit ninls`ripsi`ib oklh Fbtlrbitiobik Joubjik Bursisbm (FJB)
slgimii ‛ Slriwit tlrnidtir yibm tlkih alaplroklh gisis plbmltihuib, `ltlriapikib
alaguit `lputusib nib `oapltlbsi `kibis ubtu` pri`ti` yibm niplrkuis slkiib niri sloribm
plriwit tlrnidtir (Lrlb & ]lgstlr, 739=).
Niibtiri gibyi` aibdiitbyi, tlklbursibm nipit alagibtu albmitisi
`l`uribmib tlbimi plriwit, albmuribmi jiri` nib albmhlait wi`tu plrjikibib, nib
albjimi pisilb sltlkih `lkuir niri ruaih si`it (@uair & Zboo`s, 739:). ^lklbursibm jumi
nipit alaglri`ib
plkuibm ubtu` plbnini`ib pisilb, tlkljobsuktitiobs `lplriwitib, plalri`siib hisik
tls alnis, nib gibtuib `lpini no`tlr nikia plki`sibiib proto`ok plriwitib alnis.
^lklbursibm nipit albmuribmi hiri riwit ni WZ slhibmmi glrniapi` pini
glr`uribmbyi
giiyi plriwitib (ldl`tid nib ldisilbsi niri sisi giiyi `lslhitib), albmuribmi juakih
`ubjubmib `l plkiyibib `lslhitib, plbibm`itib juakih ji`upib plkiyibib `lplriwitib
nikia juakih yibm klgih kuis nib alriti, nipit niaibdiit`ib nikia ginibm plbnini`ib
`lplriwitib (aonlk nistibjl klirbibm) nib plr`lagibmib rislt `lplriwitib
glrgisis ibdoraiti`i `lslhitib nib albibm`it`ib `lpuisib plriwit nib pisilb tlrhinip
plkiyibib
`lplriwitib yibm niglri`ib slrti albibm`it`ib autu plkiyibib plriwitib ni ruaih ( hoal

jirl). Zlkiib itu tlklbursibm jumi albibm`it`ib risi iaib (sidlty) plriwit nib `kilb (@uair
& Zboo`s, 739:).

9.7 ^ujuib

^ujuib niri plaguitib ibovisi ibi inikih ubtu` klgih albibm`it`ib `uikitis hinup aibusii
nib nihirip`ib alagibtu albmuribmi aisikih `lslhitib pisilb. Nlbmib inibyi tlklbursibm
ibi jumi albmhirip`ib ubtu` alaunih`ib slaui oribm albmi`sls/glr`obsuktisi tlbtibm
nubii `lslhitib. Slbmmubiib tl`bokomi ibdoraisi nib tlkl`oaubi`isi 5 Iunio nib Tinlo
nihirip`ib ubtu` alaglri`ib risi iaib nib `lpuisib tlbtibm plkiyibib ibi. Nisibi, plriwit
aiapu alaglri`ib lnu`isi, nipit alaibtiu pisilb niaibipub pisilb glrini, nipit
albnu`ubm pisilb nib kiib-kiib. Slkiyibib `lplriwitib alkikui ^lklbursibm ibi klgih
ldl`tid nib ldilb slrti albmhlait giiyi `lslhitib nigibnibm`ib nitibm `l Wuaih Zi`it.

Ldl`tiditis nib ldisilbsi yibm alaubm`ib`ib pisilb ubtu` tini` hirus nitibm `l tlapit-
tlapit plkiyibib `lslhitib. ^rlbn `lplriwitib Fbnoblsii ni ^ihub 7373 nihirip`ib sunih
aiapu albmipki`isi`ib ibovisi ibi bibtibyi. (Frdib Aiukibi, 7373)

^ujuib niri tlklbursibm tini` ubtu` alaglbtu` niimbosis alnis alkiib`ib klgih do`us pini
ibdoraisi, nu`ubmib, nib albibm`it`ib plbmltihuib. Alkikui tlklbursibm, plriwit aiapu
alki`u`ib aobitoribm, alaglri`ib plbnini`ib `lslhitib, dokkow up, plbm`ijiib
nib
plbmuapukib niti, alki`u`ib ibtlrvlbsi, alaglri`ib nu`ubmib pini `lkuirmi slrti
plriwitib yibm ibovitid nib `okigorisi. Zlkiib itu nikia plblripib tlklbursibm,
plriwit alki`u`ib plbm`ijiib kibjutib, plrlbjibiib, ibtlrvlbsi, nib lvikuisi
tlrhinip hisik
plriwitib. (Dinhiki & Idriibi, 7396)

Ku`i alrupi`ib suitu glbtu` `lrusi`ib jiribmib pini `ukit yibm nislgig`ib `obti` nlbmib
suaglr pibis (slplrti gihib `iaii, iir pibis, ipi, riniisi, nib kistri`), hisik tibni`ib alnis,

aiupub plrugihib `obnisi disiokomis. Ku`i albylgig`ib mibmmuib pini dubmsi nib stru`tur
ibitoai tuguh.9 Glrnisir`ib wi`tu nib prosls plbylaguhibbyi, ku`i nipit ni`kisidi`isi`ib
albjini ku`i i`ut nib `robi`. Zlalbtiri ku`i `robi` alrupi`ib ku`i nlbmib
prosls
plaukihib yibm kiagit, nlbmib wi`tu plbylaguhib klgih niri 97 aibmmu nib
tlr`inibm nipit albylgig`ib `ljijitib. @lti`i tlrjini ku`i yibm glrsidit `robi`, blutrodik
niklpis`ib nib sljiri simbidi`ib albibm`it`ib lzia `okimlbisl yibm glrtbmmubm
jiwig tlrhinip nlstru`si niri aitri`s plbmhugubm jiribmib.

Slriwitib ku`i nipit niki`u`ib nlbmib albmmubi`ib tlripi plbmogitib. Zikih

situbyi inikih albmmubi`ib slkukosi ai`rogiik yibm nipit nimubi`ib ubtu` ku`i
aiupub ukslr
`robi`. Zlkukosi ai`rogiik nipit alagibtu prosls plbylaguhib, alkibnubmi ku`i niri
jlnlri klgih kibjut, nib alaplrjlpit prosls plbylaguhib. Altonl plriwitib ku`i kiibbyi
nlbmib gikutib ainu ubtu` pisilb triuai nlbmib ku`i tlrgu`i, niaibi pisilb
tini` alrisi`ib bylri nigibnibm`ib nlbmib plbmmubiib gikutib boraik sikib- povinob
ionib. Zlkiib itu nipit jumi niki`u`ib aonidi`isi sistla vi`ua nikia plriwitib ku`i.
Slaglriib tl`ibib blmitid nipit albibm`it`ib plbmlkuirib jiirib niri ku`i, slhibmmi nipit
albmuribmi
popukisi gi`tlri nib unlai, slrti albibm`it`ib ikirib nirih nib plaglbtu``ib
jiribmib yibm tlrmribukisi. Alkikui altonl ibi, `obnisi pisilb nipit nitibm`it`ib `irlbi
alaglri`ib risi byiaib yibm klgih gii` slglkua proslnur oplrisi. (Hibniyibi lt ik., 739:)

GIG FF

SLAGIHIZIB NIB

SWO^O^SVL

7.9 SLAGIHIZIB
 ]orkn Hlikth Ormibizitiob (]HO) albnldibisi`ib tlklhlikth slgimii
plaglriib kiyibib plriwitib `lslhitib, ni aibi pisilb nib plbylnii kiyibib nipisih`ib
oklh jiri`.
^lklhlikth albmmubi`ib ^F@ (tl`bokomi ibdoraisi nib `oaubi`isi) ubtu`
plrtu`irib ibdoraisi ubtu` niimbosis nib plriwitib plbyi`it nib jlnlri, plblkitiib nib
lvikuisi, nib ubtu` plbnini`ib glr`lkibjutib piri prodlsiobik `lslhitib. ‛Fstikih
tlklhlikth uauabyi
nimubi`ib glrsiai nlbmib- itiu sljiri sibobia nlbmibtlklbursibm, tlklalnijibl,
tlkljobsuktitiob, tlklhoaljirl, l-hlikth nib ibdoraiti`i.- Als`ipub tlklhlikth
niaukii

nlbmib tlklpob, tlklhlikth sl`iribm albmmigubm`ib glrimia tl`bokomi yibm tlrus

glr`lagibm, tlraisu` `obdlrlbsi vinlo, plaibtiuib jiri` jiuh, plbnini`ib tlklhlikth,
plribm`it nimitik nib glbtu` kiib niri `oaubi`isi glrgisis ibtlrblt (Wiwit, 7398).
Fstikih slplrti tlklhlikth itiu tlklalnijibl, nimubi`ib sljiri glrmibtiib ubtu` alruju` pini
plkiyibib albmmubi`ib tl`bokomi lkl`trobi` pini pisilb nikia `ltlrgitisib jiri`.
Sini ipki`isibyi, plbmmubiib tlklhlikth sibmit alagibtu tlr`iit plalbuhib
`lsljihtlriib
`lslhitib ubtu` pisilb nib `lkuirmi. Nikia kibm`up isuhib `lplriwitib itu slbniri, ini
tlklbursibm yibm hinir ubtu` alaljih`ib aisikih `lslhitib glrsiai- siai nlbmib
sljiwit itiu plki`u nib prodlsi `lslhitib kiibbyi.

^lklbursibm ninldibisi`ib slgimii plrpinuib kiyibib tlkl`oaubi`isi nib `lplriwitib sltiip

`iki ini jiri` disi` yibm sugstibsiik ibtiri plriwit itiu ibtiri pisilb nib plriwit (Iaunhi,
Bikibi, Ikialku, Ginribith, & Zhirai, 739=). Ialrijib Bursls Issojiitiob (7339)
albnldibisi`ib tlklbursibm slgimii sugjl` tlklhlikth ni aibi do`usbyi inikih pini pri`ti`
prodlsi tlrtlbtu (yiitu `lplriwitib). Als`ipub plbmmubiib tl`bokomi albmugih alnii
plbyiapiiib isuhib `lplriwitib nib aubm`ib alalrku`ib `oapltlbsi tlr`iit nlbmib
plbmmubiibbyi ubtu` alaglri`ib isuhib `lplriwitib, prosls `lplriwitib nib ruibm
kibm`up pri`ti` tini` glrglni nlbmib tlklbursibm. Slriwit yibm tlrkigit nikia
pri`ti` tlklbursibm tlrus albikii, alrlbjibi`ib, albmibtlrvlbsi, nib albmlvikuisi
hisik isuhib
`lplriwitib, tltipi alrl`i alki`u`ibbyi nlbmib albmmubi`ib tl`bokomi slplrti ibtlrblt,
`oaputlr, tlklpob, ikit plbikiiib nimitik, nib plrikitib tlklaobitoribm. Albmibmit
gihwi kiyibib `lslhitib yibm sl`iribm nislnii`ib alkikui tlkltl`bokomi tlkih
glr`lagibm, istikih tlklhlikth nimubi`ib ubtu` albibm`ip kuisbyi kiyibib
(Zjhkijhti-Diirjhikn K, 7338). (Dribjis`i lt ik., 7373)

Slki`sibiib tlklbursibm alrupi`ib ipki`isi plr`lagibmib tl`bokomi ibdoraisi

nlbmib
glrgimii `lubmmukib. Nikia plkiyibib `lplriwitib `lubmmukib tlklbursibm slgimii ldisilb
nib ldl`tivitis tlklbursibm slgimii suaglr niyi aibusii `irlbi nlbmib suaglr niyi yibm
tlrgitis `lmiitib plkiyibib `lplriwitib tltip nipit niki`sibi`ib nlbmib jibm`iuib klgih
gibyi` (tini` nigitisi jiri`, ruibm nib wi`tu). Aiapu albmjovlr giiyi plriwitib `irlbi
nlbmib tlklbursibm wi`tu plriwitib niruibm riwit nipit niaibiaik`ib ubtu` niikih`ib
plriwitib niruaih. ^lklbursibm nipit nimubi`ib slgimii alnii ubtu` glrgimii plkiyibib
`lplriwitib (plbnini`ib `lslhitib, plaibtiuib stitus `lslhitib nib vitik simb, plaglriib
tibni`ib `lplriwitib, lvikuisi hisik tibni`ib `lplriwitib, gih`ib nipit nimubi`ib ubtu`
alnii `okigorisi) slrti alaibniri`ib pisilb nib `lkuirmi nib nlbmib tlklbursibm privijy

pisilb nipit tlrjimi. Zlkiib `lubtubmib `lklaihib tlklbursibm tlr`iit nlbmib plblripib
tlklbursibm alalrku`ib plrsiipib yibm ju`up glsir nikia hik giiyi nib nibi
ubtu`
`lgutuhib suaglr niyi nib siribi yibm nigutuh`ib (Isauji, 7397)
tlrnipit plblkitiib yim alagu`ti`ib gihwi tlklbursibm sibmit alagibtu
nikia albibm`it`ib plkiyibib `lslhitib. Ni sisi kiib, ini gibyi` plblkitiib yibm
albubju``ib
gihwi tlklalnijibl nib tlklaobitoribm nipit albylgig`ib plrgii`ib `inir mki`lai`. Zlsuii
nlbmib plblkitiib, Aobtori lt ik. alkipor`ib gihwi pisilb yibm glrpirtisipisi
nikia
`lkoapo` tlklalnijibl albjipii tibm`it HgI9j yibm klgih rlbnih sltlkih lbia
gukib ( Aobtori n``., 733> ).

Slrib tlklbursibm ni di ginibm ^7NA tlkih niplri`si oklh Gorhibi lt ik. nib hisikbyi
albubju``ib gihwi altonl ibi albibm`it`ib `obtrok mki`lai` pini plslrti ( Gorhibi n``.,
739: ). Ni Vubibi, Doubtouki`is lt ik. jumi albubju``ib gihwi tlklaobitoribm sljiri positid
i dd alalbmiruhi pisilb NA yibm niogiti nlbmib ibsukib ( Doubtouki`is n``., 739< ).
Biaub, stuni tlklbursibm pini pisilb ^9NA aisih `uribm ni Vubibi.

7.7 Nlsiib Ipki`isi Srototypl

Fbi alrupi`ib tiapikib hikiaib itiu albu utiai siit woubn jirl nigu`i. ^lrnipit ditur

‛INAFB- , ‛SIZFLB- nib ‛NID^IW- . Ditur ‛INAFB- nimubi`ib ubtu` plriwit yibm
sunih alapuyii i`ub, Albu ‛SIZFLB- ubtu` pisilb/`kilb yibm sunih alapuyii i`ub.
Zlnibm`ib ditur ‛NID^IW- nimubi`ib gimi plbmmubi giru gii` inaib/pisilb .

Hikiaib `lnui sltlkih ‛AIZ\@- itiu ‛NID^IW- i`ib aubjuk albu-albu yibm i`ib
nimubii`ib oklh pisilb. Albu tlrslgut tlrniri niri jinwik, aitlri, `obsuktisi, diraisi, nib

prodik. Sisilb nipit albm-`ki` albu jinwik ubtu` alaplraunih plrjibjiib nlbmib plriwit.
Hikiaib `l-lapit, sltlkih albm-`ki` jinwik `launiib i`ib tlrnipit albu pikihib no`tlr
yibm slrti ruaih si`itbyi. Sisilb nipit alaikih plriwit slrti ruaih si`it nlbmib albm-
`ki` ijob miagir plriwitbyi. Zltlkih albm-`i` ijob plriwit ai`i i`ib aubjuk tiapikib
jinwik tlrslgut, pisilb nipit alaikih slsuii nlbmib yibm niibmib`ib.
Hikiaib `l-lbia sltlkih alaikih ruaih si`it nib plriwit slplrt yibm niibmib`ib.
@launiib i`ib aubjuk tiapikib slplrti niitis yibm slsuii nlbmib pikihib yibm nipikih tini.
Kiku `ki` tibni jlbtibm yibm glrini ni pojo` `ibib giwih kiku `ki` nib i`ib aubjuk
tiapikib ‛Z\JJLZ- yibm irtibyi plrjibjiib glrhisi niguit.

Hikiaib `l-nlkipib sltlkih sujjls alaguit plrjibjiib i`ib `lagiki pini albu utiai,
`launiib ji`i ibni ibmib alagiji aitlri tlbtibm ‛]O\BN JIWL- `ki` ‛AI^LWF- kiku
i`ib aubjuk tiapikib slplrti niitis. Vibm alkiputi nldibisi, tujuib, aibdiit, nib kibm`ih
plriwitib.
Hikiaib `l-slpukuh j`i ibni albm-`ki` albu ‛NLDFBFZF- ai`i i`ib aubjuk tiapikib
slplrti niitis. Kiku ji`i ibni albm-`ki` albu ‛^\E\IB- ai`i i`ib aubjuk tiapikib
slplrti niitis slriti plbjlkisib tujuib niri plriwitib ku`i.
Hikiaib `l-nuiglkis ji`i ibni albm-`ki` albu ‛AIBDII^- ai`i i`ib aubjuk tiapikkib
slplrti niitis slrti plbjlkisib aibdiit niri plriwitib ku`i/ woubn jirl. @launiib ji`i
`ikiib albm-`ki` albu ‛KIBM@IH SLWI]I^IB- ai`i i`ib aubjuk tiapikib slplrti
niitis slrti plbjlkisibbyi,`launiib `ikiib ‛^IS- pini plrau`iib hp `ikiib ubtu`
`lkibjutibyi.

Hikiaib `l-lapitglkis sltlkih `ikiib ‛^IS- ai`i i`ib aubjuk tiapikib slplrti niitis slrti
plbjlkisib kibm`ih-kibm`ih plriwitib ku`i. Nislglkih `ibib giwih ini ijob miagir vinio
ji`i `ikiib ibmiib alautirbyi `ki` ijob miagir vinio sltlkih itu i`ib aubjuk slplrti
tiapikib niitis, `launiib `ikiib tibmmik `ki` viniobyi.
Hikiaib `l-lbiaglkis sltlkih glglripi ditur yibm nijlks`ib tini, ji`i `ikiib ibmib
‛@OBZ\K^IZF- pini plriwit pikih albu ‛@OBZ\K^IZF-, sltlkih itu i`ib auubjuk
tiapikib sslplrti niitis. Kiku i`ib aubjuk pikihib ‛KFTL JHI^-, ‛JIKK-, nib ‛TFNLO
JIKK-. @uauniib pikihkih slsuii nlbmib `lgutuhib.
Hikiaib `l-nlkipibglkis sltlkih `obsuktisi ji`i ibni ibmib alaglki ogit pikih albu
‛DIWAIZF- kiku i`ib aubjuk tiapikib slplrti niitis. Kiku pikih ogit yibm nigutuh`ib
nlbmib albm-`ki` biai ogit

Zltlkih albm-`ki` pikihib ogit , ai`i i`ib aubjuk tiapikib slplrti itu. I`ib aubjuk hirmi,
pikihib ogit yibm nipikih nib ikiait yibm nnituju sltlkih albmisi ikiait `ki` tibni
‛JLB^IBM-, pini pojo` `ibib giwih sltlkih itu i`ib aubjuuk tiapikib ‛Z\JJLZ- yibm
irtibyi su`sls.
Zlkibjutbyi albu pikiihib tlri`hir yiitu ‛SWODFK- ji`i ibni ibmib alrugih prodik ibni `ki`
‛SWODFK- kiku i`ib aubjuk tiapikib slplrti niitis. Ei`i ibni ibmib alrgihbyi `ki` jobtoh
slplrti `ki` Biai kiku mibtikih biai ipi yibm i`ib nimubi`ib slsuii `libmibib ibni.

7.: Ibmmirib

]lg sl rvlr Wp.

9> .333.333,-
Ippkijitiob s lrvlr Wp. 9 <.333.333,-
 Woutlr Wp. 4.333.333,-

Iuthlbtijitiob s lrvlr Wp. 9 3.333.333,-

ZZK sl rvlr Wp. 73 .333.333.-

^lbimi `lslhitib (plriwit, no`tlr, ipotl`lr nkk) Wp. 4.333.333,-

Siyalbt alrjhibt (ikdiairt, GSEZ, GWF, AIBNFWF) Wp. :3.333.333

^otik Wp. 939.333.333

GIG FFF
@lsiapukib nib Wl`oalbnisi

:.9 @lsiapukib
 @lsiapukib niri plagihisib ibovisi ibi inikih sokusi ubtu` albibm`it`ib
`ukitis hinup aibusii yibm klgih glrautu. Ipki`isi ibi gl`lrji slgimii jlagitib
no`tlr/plriwit nlbmib pisilb nikia glr`oaubi`isi/glr`obsuktisi plrihik `lslhitib.
Nlbmib inibyi ibi ipki`isi tlbtu alaunih`ib aisyiri`it alalri`si `lslhitibbyi
`irlbi ipki`isi ibi slbniri
glrini pini tlklphobl mlbmmia yibm ni jiaib sl`iribm aibusii tini` klpis niri tlklphobl.

Ipki`isi ibi nihirip`ib ubtu` albibm`it`ib `lpuisib pisilb tlrhinip plkiyibib `lslhitib
slrti alaguit hugubmib ibtiri plriwit nib pisilb klgih ibtlri`tid. Ni nikia ipki`isi ibi
tlbtu gibyi` ditur-ditur Byi, niaibi ditur ibi i`ib alagibtu `lkuh `lsih aisyiri`it tlbtibm
`lslhitib yibm niikiai.

:.7 Wl`oalbnisi

Slbmmubiib ipki`isi ibi ni nikia tlklbursibm nipit albibm`it`ib `lnl`itib pisilb

nlbmib plriwit/no`tlr, yibm niaibi nipit alaglri`ib `lpuisib tlrhinip
plkiyibib

`lslhitib. ^lklbursibm ibi nimubi`ib ubtu` albiagih wiwisib nib

plbmltihuib aisyiri`it tlbtibm nubii `lslhitib. Nikia plbmlagibmib ipki`isi
ibi aisyiri`it
albmltihui ipi si`it yibm ninlriti slrti `obslkibm nijiaib iaib `irlbi nitibmibi
oklh
plriwit/no`tlr yibm ihki nikia ginibm ibi. Ipki`isi ibi sibmit nirl`oalbnisi`ib
ni Fbnoblsii supiyi albibm`it`ib `uikitis autu aisyiri`it yibm glrini ni nilrih-
nilrih tlrplbjik gih`ib oribm `oti yibm sigu` nlbmib i`tivitis/pl`lrjiibbyi slhibmmi
alrl`i tini` alaiki`i wi`tu ubtu` alalri`si `lslhitibbyi `l Wuaih Zi`it, jini ipki`isi
ibi klgih ldisilb
`irlbi tini` albmhirus`ib aisyiri`it glrtitip au`i kibmsubm nib albmhlait giiyi.
Biaub ipki`isi ibi jumi alaiki`i `lbniki pini jiribmib/i`sls ibtlrblt pini nilrih-

nilrih yibm `uribm gii` nikia tl`bokomi, plrkubyi plalribtih ubtu`

albnu`ubm
plbmlagibmib ibovisi ibi slbniri.

:.: X-GLBBLW
 Nidtir pusti`i

Isauji. (7397). LDL@^FDF^IZ NIB LDFZFLBZF IZ\HIB @LSLWI]I^IB SINI

 SIZFLB NFIGL^LZ ALKKF^\Z ALKIK\F ^LKLB\WZFBM Isauji*. ^hl
Fbnoblsiib Eourbik Od Hlikth Zjilbjl, :(9), 6<‚93>.
Dinhiki, W., & Idriibi, ^. (7396). SLBLWISIB ^LKLB\WZFBM NIKIA SLKIVIBIB
@LZLHI^IB 5 Kitlriturl Wlvilw. Eurbik @lplriwitib Ignurrig, :(7), ==‚8>.
https5//noi.orm/93.:4:>9/j`i.v:i7.8:=

Dinhiki, W., & Idriibi, ^. (7373). SLBLWISIB ^LKLB\WZFBM NIKIA SLKIVIBIB

@LZLHI^IB 5 KF^LWI^\WL WLTFL]. :(7), ==‚8>.
Dribjis`i, A., Goro, T., Fbnoblsii, \., & Fbnoblsii, \. (7373). FASKLALB^IZF
^LKLB\WZFBM NIKIA SWI@^F@ @LSLWI]I^IB 5 Z^\NF KF^LWI^\W Airii.
7(7), 949‚946.
Dribjis`i, A., Goro, T., ^uti`, W., & Hiriyiti, Z. (7396). ^hl \sl od ^lklbursibm throumh
^hl Bursibm Jirl. :(7), 99>‚979.
Hibniyibi, D. ]., Auhtini, I., Diraisi, D., Sinjinjirib, \., Niri, ^., Aibis, @., & I`tid, Z.
(739:). WLTFL] ZFZ^LAI^F@5 SWOZLZ SLBVLAG\HIB NIB SLWI]I^IB

K\@I. Dirai`i, >, 9‚9<.

Frdib Aiukibi. (7373). ^LKLB\WZFBM ZLGIMIF ^WLBN NIB FZZ\ SLKIVIBIB
@LSLWI]I^IB FBNOBLZFI NF^IH\B 7373 Ibikisis Slr`lagibmib ^l`bokomi
Fbdoraisi O K L H 5 FWDIB AI\KIBI SWOMWIA SIZJI ZIWEIBI \BFTLWZF^IZ
FBNOBLZFI ^IH\B 7399. 9‚97.