Giao Trình Reading Level 2 New 2022

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN
KHOA TIẾNG ANH

BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN
GIÁO TRÌNH
READING LEVEL 2
Mã môn học: ENG 166
Giảng viên biên soạn: Phan Thị Tịnh Tâm
LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ
Đà Nẵng, năm 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CHAPTER 1 - GRAMMAR 3
OVERVIEW: AGREEMENT ................................................................. 4
LESSON 1: Subject – Verb Agreement in Numbers (1) .…………………………………… 5
LESSON 2: Subject – Verb Agreement in Numbers (2) …………………………………… 7
LESSON 3: Subject – Verb Agreement in Numbers (3) …………………………………… 9
LESSON 4: Agreement Tense …………………………………………… 12
LESSON 5: Review …………………………………………… 14
CHAPTER 2 – VOCABULARY …………………………………………… 18
LESSON 6: Adjectives (1) …………………………………………… 20
LESSON 7: Adjectives (2) …………………………………………… 23
LESSON 8: Adverbs (1) …………………………………………… 25
LESSON 9: Adverbs (2) …………………………………………… 29
LESSON 10: Review …………………………………………… 32
CHAPTER 3 – READING POINT …………………………………………… 37
LESSON 11: Letters and E-mails …………………………………………………… 38
LESSON 12: Advertisements …………………………………………… 43
LESSON 13: Notices / Announcements …………………………………………………… 49
LESSON 14: Articles / Reviews …………………………………………… 55
LESSON 15: Memorandums …………………………………………… 62
Further exercises
2
CHAPTER 1
GRAMMAR
3
OVERVIEW
Agreement
Agreement means that a subject and its verb must agree with each other in number
(singular or plural), or the tenses in the main clause and subordinate clause must agree with
each other.
Basic rules of subject-verb agreement in number:

 A singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb.
 When the subject is an indefinite pronoun or a noun with a quantifier, carefully

decide whether you should use a singular or a plural verb.
 When the subjects in a sentence are joined by conjunctions, a singular or plural
verb may be used depending on each particular conjunction.
The computer is Printers are
Each report is Many companies are
Either you or he is Neither you nor I am
Agreement in tense Of main clause and subordinate clause:

 When the main clause is in the present tenses, the subordinate clause may be in
various tenses.
 When the main clause is in the past tense, the subordinate clause may be in the past
tenses
4
LESSON 1
Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (1)

(Singular / Plural Nouns)
Singular subject - singular verb, plural subject - plural verb

The basic rule is that a singular subject goes with a singular verb, while a plural
subject goes with a plural verb. Besides, you must use singular verbs in the
following cases:
When the subject is an uncountable noun
When the subject is a gerund or a to-infinitive
When the subject is a noun clause introduced by that
Types of SubjectsExamplesSingular/plural nounThe president is not in now

Companies want to increase their profitsUncountable nounsThe information about the
last quarter is in the document.Gerunds or to-infinitivesGoing on a business trip is
sometimes hard
To conduct customer surveys is necessaryNoun clauses introduced by thatThat the
company went bankrupt was unexpected.
Confusing singular nouns
There are some nouns ending in -s, but they are actually singular nouns.
NounsExamplesNoun indicating subjectseconomics politics statistics,

mathematicsPronounsTimes Charles WalesEconomics is not easy to understand.
The news was so surprising.
A. Read the following sentences. Mark  in the space given if the underlined word is
correct and correct the incorrect one.
1. Developing new product designs are essential. ________________
2. The CEO plans to open another branch. ________________
3. That she will get a promotion are shocking. ________________
4. My coworkers think that I will quit soon. ________________
5. The accountant says that statistics are very difficult for him. ________________
B. Look at the underlined parts and choose the correct option to complete each
sentence.
1. Going on a business trip three times a month ________ too frequent.
A were C a D is
B be re
5
2. The displayed furniture ________ not for sale.
A has C is D a
B have re
6
PRACTICE
I. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

1. Holding the conference in our hotel (are, is) advantageous to your company.
2. The requested document (has, have) not yet arrived.
3. Access to this file (are, is) limited to authorized personnel.
4. Each report (contains, contain) information on key economic indicators.
5. That Mr. Smith was absent from work (were, was) surprising.
6. The editor (want, wants) to change the layout of the newspaper.
II. Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.
7. The firm …………. profit increases with the new marketing strategy.
A anticipate C are anticipated
B anticipates D anticipating
8. Obtaining a good job…………. difficult due to the economic situation.
A have remained C remain
B are remaining D remains
9. This chemical …………. only approved for use in animal foods.
A was B were C has D have
10. Every area manager …………. required to visit all the offices under his
management once a week.
A is B are C were D have
LESSON 2

(Indefinite Pronouns and Nouns with a Quantifier)
Indefinite pronouns
one each either neither no one / nobody nothing something someone /

somebody anyone / anybody anything everyone / everybody everything+
singular verb
Neither of the + plural noun can be followed by a plural verb.both many sever
(a)few+ plural verb
One of the employees has called in sick.
Many firms are now hiring lawyers.
Nouns with a quantifier

all/ most/ some /lots/ halfof the + singular/uncountable noun+ singular verbof the
+ plural noun+ plural verbthe numberof a plural noun+ singular verba number+
plural verb
All of the profit goes to the charities.
All of the members have to attend the seminar.
A. Fill the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.
1. (look) A few proposals ________ excellent.
2. (be) Some of the facilities ________ open at this time.
3. (be) Several sales managers ________ happy with the decision at yesterday's seminar.
4. (have) Each of the managers ________ different characteristics.
5. (have) I am sure that someone ________ a copy of the report.
6. (be) Many of the important documents in the cabinet ________ missing now
B. Look at the hints given and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. A number of people ________ been laid off in the last two
years.
A have B has C had D will have
2. Most of the information ________ not reliable.
A were B was C are D being
PRACTICE
PART 1
1. All of the old magazines (is, are) available at a discounted price.
2. Some of the executives (refuse, refuses) to reduce expenditures on advertising.
3. The competition between low-cost airlines (has, have) increased.
4. Senior employees in the workplace (know, knows) less about computers.
5. The rest of the guests for the Best Employee Award…………. to arrive after 7:00
p.m.
A expects C are expected
B expecting D is expected
6. Some of the pens in the shipment …………. faulty parts and cannot be used.
A has B is C was D have
PART 2
1. The applicants (have, has) plenty of experience in foreign trade.
2. Many offices (instruct, instructs) employees about what to do in case of fire.
3. The survey forms (was, were) not filled out completely.
4. The headquarters and the branch office (plan, plans) to reorganize some divisions.
5. A few reports (provides, provide) accurate data on the current market.
6. Our facilities (are, is) available for family and company events every weekend.
7. The company and the striking workers …………. to a settlement.
A has agreed B agrees C have agreed D agreeing
8. The cell phone charges for local calls …………. discounted for the first month.
A has B was C is D are
9. The government …………. taking significant measures to promote the export of
domestic goods.
A been B is C have D has
10. Several candidates …………. at least two foreign languages fluently.
A speak B speaks Chas spoken D was spoken
UNIT 3 3
LESSON

(Conjunctions)
Coordinating conjunctions and & or
When the subjects in a sentence are joined by the conjunction and, a plural verb
is commonly used. When the subjects are joined by the conjunction or, their verb
must agree with the subject nearest to it.
The CEO and the manager are having a meeting now.
Three workers or one supervisor has to work on Saturdays.
Correlative conjunctions
When the two subjects in a sentence are joined by correlative conjunctions, their
verb mostly takes the number of the subject nearest to it. In the following
structures, the verb will agree with the subject B.
Either A or BNeither A nor BEither you or he needs to fill out this form.Not A but
BNeither he nor she is not coming to the seminar.Not only A but (also) BNot only you
but also Mr. Brown is responsible for the matter.B as will as A
A. Read the following sentences and correct the underlined parts in the space
provided.
1. Jacky and Sam has agreed to extend the contract. ________
2. Neither she nor I commutes to work by subway. ________
3. He or you is expected to do the presentation. ________
4. His education and his work experience is suitable for this job. ________
5. Either you or your boss have to take responsibility. ________
6. Not only English but also French are necessary to do the job. ________
B. Look at the hints given and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. The auditorium as well as the libraries ________ being renovated.
A is B a C h D has
re ave
2. The directors and the sales representatives ________ on a business trip every month.
A going B goes C go D is going
PRACTICE
I. Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

1. The piano as well as the pipe organ …………. to be tuned for the big concert.
A has B have
2. The mayor together with his two brothers …………. going to be indicted for
accepting bribes.
A are B is
3. Neither of my two suitcases …………. adequate for this trip.
A is B are
4. There …………. a list of committee members on the head-table.
A are B is
5. Everybody in the class …………. done the homework well in advance.
A has B have
6. The jury …………. their seats in the courtroom.
A take B takes
7. Neither the teacher nor the students …………. to understand this assignment.
A seem B seems
8. …………. either my father or my brothers made a down-payment on the house?
A has B have
9. Hartford is one of those cities that …………. working hard to reclaim a
riverfront.
A is B are
10. Some of the grain …………. gone bad.
A have B has
11. John or his brother …………. going to be responsible for this.
A are B is
12. A few of the students …………. doing so well they can skip the next course.
A are B is
13. Either the committee on course design or the committee on college operations
…………. these matters.
A decide B decides
14. One of my instructors …………. written a letter of recommendation for me.
A have B has
II. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.
1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.
2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.
3. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.
4. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.
5. George and Tamara (doesn't, don't) want to see that movie.
6. Benito (doesn't, don't) know the answer.
7. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France.
8. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
9. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two hours to watch.
10. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.
11. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.
12. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
13. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I've seen.
14. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?
15. Mathematics (is, are) John's favorite subject, while Civics (is, are) Andrea's favorite
subject.
16. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days.
17. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
18. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner's.
19. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!
20. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.
21. The committee (leads, lead) very different lives in private.
22. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the press cordially.
23. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case.
LESSON 4
Agreement in Tense
(of Main Clause and Subordinate Clause)
Basic rules of agreement in tense
Main clauseSubordinate clausePresent simple, present perfect tensesPresent,

future, past tensesPast tensePast tenses
I believe that the company has great potential.
He said he had had an interview with ICD Co.
Exceptions
ExceptionsTense of subordinate clauseWhen the event is a truth / general

factPresent tensesWhen the event is a historical dataPast tenses
She says that there was an oil shock in the 1970s.
A. Choose the correct option for each sentence.

1. The president said that he (found / founded) the company in 2000.
2. I believe that the cost of living (is / was) too high last year.
3. He told us that he (participated / participates) in the training.
4. Mr. Taylor told me that he (works / worked) until 10 p.m. almost every day.
5. I found that some of my colleagues (are fired / had been fired).
B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

1. He said that competent managers ________ their employees.
A helpi B h C t D helps
ng elp o help
2. The CEO announced that sales ________ for three years.
A falls B fall C had fallen D have fallen
PRACTICE
PART 1

1. Ms. Tracy (is preparing, was preparing) the annual report now.
2. Our CEO (will be attending, was attending) an important workshop at this
time yesterday.
3. This time tomorrow, Chris (is attending, will be attending) an important
conference.
4. She (worked, was working) on her report when the fire took place.
5. Mr. McCain (is returning, was returning) to Korea now.
6. We (were making, will be making) arrangements for the Trade Conference
tomorrow.
7. Ms. Thomas …………. in the employee development session at 3 o'clock
yesterday.
A participates C is participating
B to participate D was participating
8. The manufacturer …………. changes to its billing procedures now.
A implements C implementing
B implemented D is implementing
9. Wellton supermarket …………. its customers a 20 percent discount until
Monday.
A offered C will be offering
B is offering D was offering
10. The memo informed us that the company …………. the renovation of the office
next month.
A is carrying out C will be carrying out
B has been carrying out D is being carrying out
PART 2
1. Mr. Heath (has appointed, will have appointed) Richard Barth as a financial
officer by next May.
2 Before the results came in, she (had already gone, will have already gone).
3 The price of gas (increases, has increased) considerably since 2000.
4 The revenue of the company (falls, has fallen) significantly for two years.
5 The cost of living in the country …………. by 17 percent over the last 15 years.
A will rise B has risen C rising D rise
6 Mr. Jantick …………. in the military for six months by the end of the year.
A been served C will serve
B has served D will have served
LESSON 5
A. Fill each gap with the correct form of the word given in brackets.
1. be _________________ (will) to do
2. be _________________ (involvement) in
3. be _________________ (capability) of
4. be _________________ (vulnerability) to
5. be _________________ (likelihood) to do
6. be _________________ (pay) to
7. be _________________ (attend) to
8. be _________________ (benefit) to
B. Fill the gaps with the adjectives in the box to form correct collocations.
concerned comparable valid subject
1. be _________________ to
2. be _________________ about
3. be _________________ for
4. be _________________ to /with
conscious equipped engaged superior

5. be _________________ to
6. be _________________ with
7. be _________________ of
8. be _________________ in
Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D)
best
completes the sentence.
1. The article ________ that the the number of

population of the world is increasing. 6. Some of the luggage ________ stolen at
A saying the airport.
B says A has
C say B are
D is said C was
article D were
population luggage
2. Both of the applicants ________ 7. The good news ________ that I will get
scheduled for an interview today. a pay raise.
A to be A have
B was B were
C is C are
D are D is
be scheduled for pay raise
3. The president and the vice president 8. Most of the interviewees ________ very
________ in the conference room. punctual.
A are A is
B bein B are
g C to be
C is D being
D was interviewee
4. Every country ________ interested in punctual
the global trade issue. 9. The sales meeting ________ place
A have in the auditorium every two months.
B are A is
C is taking
D has B is taken
global trade issue C take
5. The number of online shopping malls D takes
________ increasing. take place
auditorium
A is
10. Tim Scott, the founder and CEO of the
B a
company, ________ in 2000.
re
A died
C t
B die
o be
C is
D b
dying
eing
D is bribe scandal
died 13. This cellular phone is superior
founder ________ the competitors in quality.
11. Fortunately, neither the driver nor the A for
passengers ________ injured. B to
A had C on
B has D than
C was cellular phone
D were competitor
fortunately 14. Prices may be ________ to change
passenger without notice.
injure A subject
B engage
d
C payable
12. The prime minister was ________ in D conscio
a bribe scandal. us
A impr price
oved without notice
B invol
ved
C equi
pped
D conc
erned
prime minister
Questions 15 – 16 refer to the following letter.

Dear Mr. Rosenberg,
A number of the workers in the factory ________ off lately. That will have a
15. A. has been laid
B. have been laid
C. are laying
D. is laid
bad affect on the rest of the workers in our company. Some of them ________ already
quit their jobs.
16. A. have
B. had
C. has
D. having
Therefore, we suggest that you hold a meeting to explain the financial situation of the
company. This will help the employees want to keep working here.
lately have an effect on quit hold a meeting financial situation
Grammar Step UP!
Special Cases of Subject-Verb Agreement in Number
 Subject-verb agreement for subject relative pronouns

When the antecedent in the main clause is singular or uncountable, the verb in the
adjective clause must be in the singular form. When the antecedent is plural, the verb in
the adjective clause must be in the plural form.
We hired a sales representative who has three years of experience.
The managers who have great communication skills will be promoted.
 Subject-verb agreement for modifying phrases

When there is a modifying phrase, e.g. a prepositional phrase between a subject and its
verb, the verb must agree with the subject, not the modifying phrase.
The store for disabled people makes great profits.
Some of the employees at the company work overtime every day.
Let’s check!
Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence.
1. The competition between the two companies (is / are) tough.
2. Most of the people in the country (agrees / agree) with the new policy.
3. The paintings which (is / are) on the wall in the conference room look beautiful.
4. Do you know the woman who (is / are) giving a speech now?
CHAPTER 2
VOCABULARY
Overview
Adjectives & Adverbs

An Adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or
quantifying it. An adjective usually comes before the noun it modifies or after a linking
verb. Sometimes, it comes after the object of such verbs as find, make, keep, etc.
 A successful project (Modifying the noun project)
 The project is successful: (Functioning as a subject complement)
 I found it easy. (Functioning as an object complement)

An Adverb is a word that describes a state or an action in more detail by indicating manner,
time, place, cause, or degree... An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb,
or a whole sentence. It is formed by adding the suffix -ly to an adjective (e.g. careful -
carefully, safe - safely, skillful - skillfully).
 I completely forgot about the meeting. (Modifying the verb forgot)
 That was very- useful. (Modifying the adjective useful)
 Thank you very much. (Modifying the adverb much)
 Unfortunately, / couldn't make it. (Modifying the whole sentence)
Note: Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. There are some adjectives that are formed by
adding -ly to their nouns.
friend - friendly love - lovely

UNIT 66
LESSON
Functions and Positions of an Adjective
Functions of an adjective
In a sentence, an adjective has two functions.
• Modifying a noun
a difficult decision (The adjective difficult modifies the noun decision.)
• Modifying a subject or an object: it functions as a complement
The service was very good. (The adjective good modifies the subject the service.)
Positions of an adjective
Positions of an adjectiveExamplesPreceding a nounWe made a special plan for
you.Following linking verbs like be,. become, seem, look, feel as a subject
complementJob-searches are becoming hard nowadaysFollowing objects of the
verbs keep, find, make as an object complement.Many of the employees find the
new system inconvenient.
A Look at the following sentences and place the adjectives in brackets in the correct
position - (A), (B), (C), or (D).
1. (various) (A) __ companies (B)__ attended (C)__ the (D)__fair.
2. (useful) This pamphlet (A)__ gives (B)__ information on (C)__ online (D)__ shopping.
3. (difficult) The (A)__ work (B)__ became (C)__ very (D)__.
4. (useful) (A)__ I (B)__ found (C)__ it (D)__.
5. (convenient) Find (A)__ a (B)__ way (C)__ to do (D)__ the work.
6. (expensive) (A)__ H&P Co. (B)__ sells (C)__ products (D)__.
B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each
sentence.
1. Everybody knows that it is a ________ market.
A compete B competitive C competitively D competition
2. All the staff members were________ during the workshop.

A cooperate B cooperation C cooperative D cooperatively
AMERICAN HABITS
Clothing habits are a matter of personal LANGUAGE FOCUS

preference in the United States. Most people are
 personal
free to wear whatever they feel comfortable. personal preference.
Business people in large urban areas are likely to  comfortable
wear suits or dresses, while clothing in rural areas Always sit in a comfortable
is less formal. Most Americans tend to dress position
casually when not in formal or business situation.  urban

People moved to the urban areas
When eating, most Americans hold a fork in the for jobs.
hand with which they write. Americans eat away  rural
from home often, and usually they pay for their own Most people who live in remote
meals when dining with friends. rural areas are peasants.
 formal
When Americans greet one another, they often
They have offered me the job,
exchange a firm handshake. They may greet but I don't yet have a formal
contract.
Strangers on the street by saying Hello or Good
 firm
morning. Friends often greet each other with How
When Americans greet one
are you? And respond with Fine, thanks. Americans
another, they often exchange a
do not really expect any other answers to the firm handshake.
question How are you? because it is a way of saying  informal
hello. Except in formal situations, people address It was very informal - more of a
chat than an interview.
each other by their given names once they are
 punctual
acquainted.
We expect punctual payment of
Although Americans are generally informal bills
people, it would be best to schedule an appointment
before going to visit someone, especially in
business. When an appointment has been made, it is
important for those involved to be punctual.
Practice
Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
1. Our staff members had (temporary, differing, qualified) opinions on the matter.
2. Future economic prospects look less (common, unprecedented, promising) than
expected.
3. Investors feel (incapable, unanimous, insecure) about the current market.
4. It is the obligation of the company to recall (untrue, defective, differing) products
Actual questions
Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.
5. Retail prices increased after an A minor
________ rise in oil prices. B dema
A abundant nding
B accomplished C length
C informed y
D unprecedented D tempo
6. Mr. Gunn served as a________ rary
replacement for an employee who is on
leave.
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following memorandum.
From: Ralph F. McKinney, CEO

To: All ChemField employees
It is fairly________ for new businesses to take some time to become profitable.

However, it took ChemField only two months to establish a strong customer base in
7. A. insecure
B. common
C. even
D. level
the food industry. This resulted from our ________ improvements in serving our
8 A. mature
B. straight
C. continuous
D. promising
customers' needs. To Celebrate our rapid growth, we will be giving all employees
a bonus of 20 percent of I their current salaries on the last day of this month. We look
forward to your ongoing loyalty and dedication to ChemField.
Vocabulary
prospect ['prɔspekt] replacement [ri'pleismənt] result from
investor [in'vestə] on leave improvement
obligation [,ɔbli'gei∫n] take time [im'pru:vmənt]
recall profitable ['prɔfitəbl] rapid ['ræpid]
retail price establish [is'tæbli∫] growth [grouθ]
serve [sə:v] customer base salary ['sæləri]
recall [ri'kɔ:l] dedication
loyalty ['lɔiəlti] dedication [dedi'kei∫n]
LESSON 7
Useful Adjectives
Confusing adjectives
considerable considerate successful successive terrible terrific favorite favorable

awfulawesome
Common expressions of adjectives in the TOEIC test
be aware ofbe likely to bebe eligible forready tobe able tobe responsible forbe
capable ofbe subject to
A Choose the correct adjective in brackets for each

sentence.
1. My team had to face the (awesome / awful) results.
2. The employee training was quite (successive / successful).
3. You should be (capable / aware) of the danger of this change.
4. He is (likely / ready) to step down.
5. Ms. Scott is not (able / eligible) for the promotion.
6. This schedule is (subject / capable) to change without notice.
B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. A ________ number of people attended the conference.
A consider B considerate C considerable D consideration
2. Mr. Tanaka is ________ of dealing with unexpected problems in the office.
A ready B responsible C awesome D capable

SMOKING
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Smoking has many serious effects. The most
serious
obvious effect is the deterioration of a smoker's health.
It’s not a serious problem-
Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, increases we should be able to fix it
without too much trouble.
blood pressure, increases the risk of heart attacks, and
obvious
reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates
The most obvious
respiratory problems. A smoker's cough expels phlegm, explanation is not always the
correct one.
a thick mucus in the nose and the throat that wants to
respiratory
escape the body.
The patient died of
Prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need respiratory failure.
prolonged
to hook up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into
A prolonged period of
the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking silence occurred after the
breeds halitosis; a smoker's breath always smells foul manager’s talk.
repulsive
and repulsive. Smoking frequently results in social
I think rats and snakes are
isolation because fewer people smoke or want to be in repulsive.
the presence of second-hand smoke. Friends and social
acquaintances often bluntly tell their smoking friends They try to address, social
problems such as poor health
that they don't want the smell in their cars or in their and unemployment.
homes. The strong, offensive odor of smoke clings to offensive
smokers' clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of There were complaints that
the advertisement was
smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook. Smoking is offensive to women.
now an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes harmful
continues to rise. The effects of smoking are many, Smoking is harmful for
health.
which leaves one wondering why intelligent people do
not find a way to break their harmful addiction.
1. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
2. The team made (considerable, confidential, rapid) efforts to collect the data.
3. Everyone congratulated Mr. Park on his (modern, late, recent) promotion.
4. Any (improper, complete, appropriate) behavior will not be tolerated in the office.
5. A (recent, pleasant, broad) atmosphere improves work performance.

6. Management expects applicants to 7. When the installation process is
have a ________ knowledge of ________, the "Done" tab will appear
economics. on the monitor.
A high A entire
B whole B accura
C round te
D broad C total
D compl
ete
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following memorandum.
From: Olivia Johnson

To: All staff
This memo is to refresh everyone's memory on the importance of keeping records private.
Please remember that all ________ records must be kept in locked file cabinets
7. A. confidential
B. former
C. limited
D. unprecedented
when not in use. The company's reputation rests upon your ability to handle ________
8. A. apprehensive
B. competitive
C. sincere
D. sensitive
client information properly. Employees who fail to do so will be warned, and if it happens
I repeatedly, access to the files will be restricted.
Vocabulary
make an effort atmosphere ['ætməsfiə] private ['praivit]

collect [kə'lekt] work performance reputation [repju:'tei∫n]
congratulate [kən'grætjuleit] installation [,instə'lei∫n] rest upon
promotion [prə'mou∫n] process ['prouses] handle ['hændl]
behavior [bi'heivjə] appear [ə'piə] repeatedly [ri'pi:tidli]
tolerate ['tɔləreit] refresh [ri'fre∫] access [access]
LESSON 8
restrict [ri'strikt]
Functions and Positions of an Adverb
Functions of an adverb
Most adverbs are formed by adjective + -ly. An adverb is used to emphasize a state or
an
action.
• Modifying a verb They highly recommended the product. (Adverb + verb)
• Modifying an adjective That was a very creative idea. (Adverb + adjective)
• Modifying another adverb All of the employees worked very hard, (Adverb + adverb)
• Modifying a whole sentence Unfortunately, the tickets are sold out. (Adverb + sentence)
Positions of an adverb
Positions of an adverbExamplesPreceding an adjectiveThat is a very

useful .solution.Preceding or following a verbI strongly agree with it.
He spoke clearly
She read the manual loudlyStanding at the beginning or at the end of a
sentence.Yesterday, I came across my ex-coworker.
A Choose the correct option in brackets for each

sentence.
1. The sales clerk (high / highly) recommended this item.
2. The copy machine is (currently / current) out of order.
3. (Unfortunately / Unfortunate), he is not available now.
4. The computer was not. working (properly / proper)
5. The R&D team (successfully / successful) completed the project.
6. When it rains, you should drive (careful / carefully).
B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the

correct option to complete each sentence.
1. The new policy was ________ difficult to implement policy implement
A extr B extr C extr D to

eme emes emely extreme
2. The vice president ________ retired as of last Monday. vice president as of last Monday
A office B official C officially D offices
HOW TO KEEP OUR TEETH HEALTHY

LANGUAGE FOCUS
It is very important to have healthy teeth.
 actually
Actually, good teeth help us to chew our food.
We've spoken on the: phone but
They also help us to look nice. How does a tooth
we've never actually met.
go bad? The decay begins in a little crack in the
 repeatedly
enamel covering of the tooth. This happens after
Customers repeatedly complained
germs and bits of food have repeatedly collected
about the service of this hotel.
there, then the decay slowly spreads inside the
 eventually
tooth. Eventually, poison goes into the blood,
The authority is hoping, eventually,
and we may feel quite ill.
to create 500 new jobs.
How can we keep our teeth healthy? Firstly,
 voluntarily
we ought to voluntarily visit our dentist twice a
Did he do it voluntarily, or did you
year. He can fill the small holes in our teeth
make him?
before they destroy the teeth markedly. He can
 markedly
examine our teeth to check that they are growing
The. city's population has
in the right way. Unfortunately, many people
increased .markedly. .
wait until they have tooth-ache before they see a
 unfortunately
dentist. Secondly, we should brush our teeth with
Unfortunately, one of the most
a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste at least twice
competent managers is leaving the
a day - once after breakfast and once before we
company.
go to bed. We can additionally use wooden
 additionally
toothpicks to clean between our teeth after a
Members receive six newsletters a
meal. Thirdly, we should eat food that is good for
year. Additionally, they have the use
our teeth and our body: milk, cheese, fish, brown
of a helpline.
bread, potatoes, red rice, raw vegetables, and
 especially
fresh fruit. Chocolate, sweets, biscuits, and cakes
It was a very cold house, especially
are bad, especially when we eat them between
in winter.
meals. They are extremely harmful because they
 extremely
stick to our teeth and cause decay.
These negotiations will be extremely
difficult for the company.
1. Oil prices increased (simultaneously, importantly, markedly) two years ago.

2. Companies work (initially, cooperatively, fairly) to find solutions to problems.
3. Clients have (repeatedly, markedly, briefly) requested information on our new products.
4. The employee who (seriously, voluntarily, widely) took on a difficult task was
promoted.

5. The New Chinese Financial 6. The country suffered a(n) ________
Newspaper will be released ________ high unemployment rate for years.
in Singapore and Taiwan. A wrongly
A typically B improperly
B stringently C unusually
C conveniently D hugely
D simultaneously
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following advertisement.
Welcome to the Grand Opening of the Lake Park Plaza!

Please join us as we celebrate our Grand Opening on Friday, March 16 at 1:30 p.m.
The Lake Park Plaza shopping center will ________ open for business with a
ribbon
7. A. normally
B. officially
C. presently
D. recently
cutting. The president of the Lake Park Plaza will then give a speech about her
long-term vision for the shopping center. The speech will be followed by a party
which will begin ________ at 2:30 p.m.
8. A. randomly
B. relatively
C. promptly
D. ultimately
Vocabulary
solution [sə'lu:∫n] suffer ['sʌfə] president ['prezidənt]

request [ri'kwest] unemployment rate speech [spi:t∫]
task [tɑ:sk] for years long-term ['lɔηtə:m]
promote [prə'mout] grand opening vision ['viʒn]
release [ri'li:s] celebrate ['selibretid]
LESSON 09
Useful Adverbs
Common adverbs of frequency

You will usually find adverbs of frequency following auxiliary verbs or the verb be,
and preceding ordinary verbs.
always sometimes usuallyrarely / seldom / hardlyoften never

The meeting usually lasts 90 minutes. (Preceding the ordinary verb last) Mr.
Kim is rarely' late for work. (Following the verb be) They will never care about
it. (Following the auxiliary verb will)
Confusing adverbs
high - highlylate - latelynear - nearlyhard - hardly

Adverbs having the same form as their adjectives
late hard fast

This is a hard task for her to handle. (Adjective)
We are trying hard to increase the sales figures. (Adverb)
A Choose the correct option in brackets for each

sentence.
1. He worked for Info Tech for (near / nearly) ten years.
2. My boss (hard / hardly) calls in sick.
3. Employees in the Public Relations Department work (hard / hardly).
4. Some major stockholders arrived (late / lately).
5. He went to a bank (near / nearly) the conference hall.
B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the
correct option to complete each sentence.
1. Car prices have decreased ________ due to low demand. due to low demand
A last B late C late D late

ness ly
2. My coworker ________ comes in late. He is always on time. come in late ' on time
A never B always C usually D sometimes
HEALTHY FOOD
LANGUAGE FOCUS
As a result of years of research, we know
typically
that too much animal fat is bad for our health.
They have a typically English
Typically, Americans eat a lot of meat and only lifestyle
a small amount of grains, fruit and vegetables. currently
Because of their diet, they currently have high The national is currently closed. .
rates of cancer and heart disease. In Japan, in solely
contrast, people solely eat large amounts of The department focused solely on
research.
grains and very little meat. The Japanese also
moreover
have very low rates of cancer and heart disease.
More and more people are opposed
In fact, the Japanese live longer than anyone else to the idea of increasing university
fees. Moreover, there is now
in the world.
evidence that it discourage many
When Japanese people move to the United students from coming to the UK.
continually
States, the rates of heart disease and cancer
Our database is being continuously
increase as their diet changes. Moreover, as
updated.
hamburgers, ice cream, and other high-fat foods surprisingly
become popular in Japan, the rates of heart Not surprisingly, everyone got
disease and cancer are continually increasing drunk at the wedding.
there as well. People are also eating more meat consequently

They've increased the number of
and dairy products in other countries, such as
staff and consequently the service is
Cuba, Mauritius, and Hungary. Not better.
surprisingly, the disease rates in these countries frequently
are increasing along with the change in diet. The ten most frequently asked
questions are listed.
Consequently, doctors everywhere advised
adequately
people to frequently eat more grains, fruit and
The programme is adequately
vegetables and to eat less meat and fewer dairy funded at this time.
products. Eating adequately and effectively is effectively
one of the ways to maintain good health. The system could deliver services to
local community more effectively.
Practice
1. The item is (shortly, temporarily, efficiently) out of stock.
2. The product was (conveniently, widely, directly) advertised throughout the region.
3. Passwords should be changed (lately, clearly, frequently) to prevent unauthorized access.
4. For technical reasons, the website is (currently, precisely, highly) not accessible.
Actual questions
5. Shareholders should not rely ________ A accide
on the fund's investment adviser for ntally
assistance. B appar
A surely ently
B solely C effecti
C recent vely
ly D infor
D nearly mally
6. The session will help participants learn
how to________ conduct a survey.
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following advertisement.
Alpha Auto Body has served Tokyo motorists for over 20 years. Since our opening, we
have ________ provided our customers with superior customer service. We are
7. A. broadly
B. formerly
C. fairly
D. conveniently
________ located in the city's center near department stores and subway stations. Our
8. A. gradually
B. quickly
C. consistently
D. marginally
facility is equipped with the latest high-tech machines and computerized systems. We
ensure you an excellent repair job at a fair price.
Vocabulary
out of stock rely on superior [su:'piəriə]

advertise ['ædvətaiz] fund [fʌnd] locate [lou'keit]
region [['ri:dʒən] investment [in'vestmənt] be equipped with
prevent [pri'vent] assistance [ə'sistəns] latest ['leitist]
unauthorized [ʌn'ɔ:θəraizd] participant [pɑ:'tisipənt] ensure [in'∫uə]
access ['ækses] conduct a survey fair [fear]
shareholder ['∫eə,houldə] provide A with B
LESSON 10
Common Vocabulary
in the TOEIC Test
Adjectives
A Match the words in the left column with their

corresponding words in the right column.
1. various B difference
2. a prominent C plan
3. proper D businessman
4. a permanent E factor
5. a significant 6; entire F attempts
6. an essential 8.. an innovative G actions
A staff H job
B Fill the gaps with the adjectives in the box to form

correct collocations.
legal competitive impressive productive
1. a(n) ________ speech
2. a(n) ________ suggestion
3. ________ conditions
4. a(n) ________ market
complimentary formal public official

5. ________ clothes
6. a(n) ________ report
7. ________ attention
8. a(n). ________ meal
Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D)
best completes the sentence.
1. The ________ report shows that C direction

Chilean wine's market share increased D directive
this year. sales director
A various 7. We found the manual absolutely
B legal __________ in dealing with customer
C official complaints.
D productive A importantly
Chilean wine B importance
market share C important
2. Your company should take ________ D importing
action to solve the problem. absolutely
A proper deal with
B permanent customer complaint
C competitive 8. The more motivated the workers are,
D complimentary the ___________ the productivity
should take action becomes.
3. The president said that it was the A high
________ meeting he has ever had. B higher
A more productive C highly
B productive D more highly
C most productive motivated
productivity
D productivity
productive 9. Please read the instructions as
4. The team made a presentation in a very ___________ as possible.
________ way. A careful
A impress B care
B impressive C carefully
C impressiveness D more carefully
instructions
D impressively
make a presentation 10. The budget cut made our project
5. We need to finish the report by next ___________ more difficult.
Friday at the ________ A many
A later B very
B late C so
C latest D even
budget cut
D lately
by next Friday 11. Make sure you have all the
6. Sales directors should go ________ to ___________ data with you.
Room 100 for another meeting. A need
A direct B necessary
B directly C necessarily
D needs
make sure. Data discuss
14. The solar panels were not so
___________ as we had anticipated.
12. They ___________ renovated the A efficie
stores in order to attract more nt
customers. B efficie
A late ntly
B recently C more
C likely efficient
D hard D most
renovate efficient
attract
solar panel
13. We will discuss who is ___________ efficient
for the position. anticipate
A afraid
B aware
C eligibl
e
D subjec
t
Questions 15-16 refer to the following notice.
We would like to inform you that the employee cafeteria on the second floor will be closed
for renovations. These renovations will enable us to provide all of our employees with
___________ service and food than now.
15. A. good
B. best
C. better
D. well
The renovations will take ___________ three days. The snack bar on the third floor will
16. A. approximate
B. approximations
C. approximately
D. more approximately
be open for drinks and snacks.
Thank you for your cooperation.
would like to informemployee cafeteria

renovation enable provide cooperation
TELECOMMUTING
LANGUAGE FOCUS
 significant
There's been some
significant progress.
 active
People are remaining
active into later life.
 Demanding
Choosing the winner
was a demanding task.
 reluctant
She was reluctant to
leave.
 regular
We hold regular
monthly meetings.
 concerned
Police said they were
very concerned about
the boy's safety.
 visible
There has been a visible
improvement in your
work.
Telecommuting is some form of computer
communication between employees' homes and offices.
For employees whose jobs involve sitting at a terminal
or word processor entering data or typing reports, the
location of the computer is of no consequence. If the
machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the
work is completed, employees can dial the office
computer and transmit the material to their employers. A
recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are
approximately 8.7 million telecommuters. Although the
numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to
be very significant.
Clearly, change simply takes time. In addition, there
has been active resistance on the part of many managers.
These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters
in a large workforce scattered across the country would be
too demanding, or, systems for managing them are not
yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s
responsibilities.
It is also true that employees who are given the option
of telecommuting are often reluctant to accept the
opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular
interaction with a group, and many are concerned that
they will not have the same consideration for advancement
if they are not more visible in the office setting. Some
people feel that even when a space in their homes is set
aside as a work area, they never really get away from the
office.
Practice
1. Individuals should provide (annual, qualified, accurate) contact information on
packages.
2. Companies use new methods to improve (mounting, maintaining, existing)
technology.
3. The food industry is currently expanding at a(n) (active, powerful, rapid) rate.
4. Workers should not feel (sincere, apprehensive, surprising) about voicing their
opinions
Actual questions
5. Conducting online transactions is 6. The CEO is required to attend a(n)

less ________ for the elderly due to ________ conference to determine
their lack of computer skills. ways to achieve yearly goals.
A sophisticated A recent
B protective B annua
C convenient l
D accurate C existi
ng
D typica
l
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following notice
We are sorry to announce that as a result of system crash in our main server, some
of the music data on our website was lost. For the moment, the data we have will be
________ at www.tempmusic.com. Please accept our
7. A. available
B. effective
C. defective
D. potential
________ apologies for any inconvenience this unexpected problem may have
8. A. original
B. estimated
C. completed
D. sincere
caused you.
Vocabulary
individual [indi'vidjuəl] expand [iks'pænd] conduct ['kɔndʌkt]
provide [prə'vaid] rate [reit] transaction [træn'zæk∫n]
contact information voice [vɔis] determine [di'tə:min]
method ['meθəd] opinion [ə'piniən] achieve [ə't∫i:v]
announce [ə'nauns] apology [ə'pɔlədʒi] unexpected
crash [crash] inconvenience [ʌniks'pektid]
accept [ək'sept] [inkən'vi:njənsi]
CHAPTER 3
READING
LESSON 11
Letters and E-mails

In Part 7, most reading passages are in the form of letters such as letters of complaint,
order confirmation letters, letters to renew an expired magazine subscription, invitations
to special events, thank-you letters, etc. E-mails usually mention internal affairs of a
company.
Question types and reading strategy
Questions related to letters or e-mails are often about the purpose of a letter or an e-mail, (an
attachment(s) or a request to the recipient.
Questions about the purpose of a letter or an e-mail

Typical questions: What is the purpose of the letter?
Why was the e-mail written?
Reading strategy: The purpose of a letter or an e-mail is usually stated at the beginning of a
reading passage, particularly after such expressions as I am writing to...,
This e-mail is to... The topic can also be found in the heading Subject: ...
or Re: …
Questions about (an) attachment(s)

Typical questions: What is enclosed with this letter?
What did Mr. Wright send with his e-mail?
Reading strategy: Information about (an) attachment(s) in a letter or an e-mail is usually
mentioned at the end of a reading passage. Look around the words
enclose, send with, attach to find hints for the answer.
Questions about a request

Typical questions: What does Mr. Ryan ask Ms. Jane to do?
What are employees asked to do?
Reading strategy: Requests are usually presented near the end of letters or e-mails.
Questions about a request are often information questions. Identify the
key word(s) in the question and search for hints for the answer near the
end of a reading passage, particularly, the request is often implied in the
sentence containing I would appreciate your ~ing or I would be very
grateful if you could...
Common expressions used in letters or e-mails

 Expressions showing the topic of e-mails: Subject:, Re:
 Expressions showing the purpose of letters or e-mails: I am writing to, I want you to
know, This e-mail is to
 Expressions showing attachments: enclose, send with, attach
 Expressions showing requests: I would appreciate your ~ing, I would be grateful
if you could, Please
The questions below refer to the following letter.
Questions: 1. What is the purpose of this letter?

Purpose
(A) To ask for an exchange (B) To inform a wrong delivery
2. What is enclosed with this letter?
Key word
(A) An invoice (B) The faulty product
3. What does Mr. Jefferson request ?
Key word
(A) Free delivery (B) A warrant
Analyzing:
1. From the word purpose, you can easily see that the question is
about the purpose of the letter. The purpose is often stated at the beginning of a letter.
According to the first sentence in the letter, I am writing to inform you that the products
I ordered from your company on September 10 were wrongly delivered, choice (B) To
inform a wrong delivery is the correct answer.
2. From the key word enclosed, you can understand that the
question is about an attachment. The key word enclosed can be found near the end of the
letter; then hints for the correct answer can be found there. Based on the sentence
Enclosed with this letter are the invoice and the catalogue, choice (A) An invoice is the
correct answer.
3. The key word request indicates that the question asks about the
request mentioned in the letter. The key word request is paraphrased as I would be
grateful if you could send me at the end of the letter where hints for the correct answer
can be found. Choice (B) A warranty is the correct answer.
Paraphrasing practice Practice paraphrasing the following sentences by choosing

the correct option.
1. We assure you that your order will arrive within seven days.
= Delivery is ________ to take place within a specific time.
A. likely B. guaranteed
2. I send a copy of your flight itinerary with my letter.

= ________ please find the information on your travel plans.
A. Enclosed B. Revised
3. I have attached the technical specifications for the AC20 to this e-mail.
= A list of the product's ________ is included with the e-mail.
A. costs B. details
4. Thank you for finding the data that I had asked you about.
= I appreciate your taking the time to ________ the requested information.
A. locate B. fill out
Vocabulary
assure [ə'∫uə, ə'∫ɔ:] order ['ɔ:də] take place

specific [spə'sifik] attach [ə'tæt∫] detail ['di:teil]
guarantee [,gærən'ti:] technical ['teknikl] appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit]
itinerary [i'tinərəri] specification [,spesifi'kei∫n] locate [lou'keit]
enclose [in'klouz] include [in'klu:d] fill out
revise [ri'vaiz] cost [kɔst]
5. Schedule your appointment a week before you want to have your car checked.
A Appointments for car maintenance should be made a week in advance.
B You should check your car service appointment one week ahead of time.
6. Please give me information about the conference facilities at your hotel.

A I would like some details about the meeting rooms at
your hotel.
B I want to have a meeting about the services available at
your hotel.
7. Improperly disposing of motor oil can contaminate drinking water.

A Motor oil must be disposed of in specific areas.
B Disposing motor oil inappropriately can pollute
drinking water.
8. Mr. Sigh is in charge of organizing the reception for the overseas investors.
A Mr. Sigh takes responsibility for planning a welcome party.
B Mr. Sigh is the receptionist for the overseas branch.
Vocabulary
schedule ['∫edju:l] improperly [im'prɔpəli] be in charge of
appointment [ə'pɔintmənt] dispose [dis'pouz] overseas [,ouvə'si:z]
maintenance ['meintinəns] contaminate [kən'tæmineit] investor [in'vestə]
in advance inappropriately take responsibility for +
ahead of [,inə'proupriitli] V-ing
facility [fə'siliti] pollute [pə'lu:t]
Questions 9 refers to the following letter.
Dear Ms, Jackson,

Our law firm has recently decided to move to a more spacious office
due to an increase in the number of employees in the last year.
Additional furniture, office supplies, and equipment are needed for our
new location. As we were very satisfied with the quality of goods and
services you have provided in the past, we look forward to working
with you to furnish our new office. I would appreciate your giving us a
cost estimate for the items mentioned in the enclosed document
9. What is enclosed in the letter?

A. A product catalog B. A list C. A quote
Questions 10 refers to the following e-mail.
10. FROM: Christopher Knight, Personnel Manager

TO: All staff
This e-mail is to notify staff that all data contained in the personnel
information files is confidential. It should only be shown to authorized
executives. Reviewing or sharing any information you find with a third party,
is strictly forbidden and could result in termination of employment. If you are
given access to a file by mistake, please report it to me immediately.
What must one do if one receives a confidential file accidentally?
A Contact the technician
B Send it to the supervisor
C Inform Mr. Knight
Vocabulary
additional [ə'di∫ənl] quote [kwout] forbidden [fə'bidn]
location [lou'kei∫n] personnel [pə:sə'nel] termination [,tə:mi'nei∫(ə)n]
be satisfied with confidential [,kɔnfi'den∫l] employment [im'plɔimənt]
quality ['kwɔliti] authorized ['ɔ:θəraiz] access ['ækses]
furnish ['fə:ni∫] executive [ig'zekjutiv] by mistake
estimate ['estimit] third party accidentally [æksi'dentəli]
Questions 11-12 refer to the following letter.
Paul Jones
Viking Wireless
311 Lexington Ave.
New York, NY 10017
Dear Mr. Jones,
For the past several months, my cell phone bill has been much higher than
usual. So, I contacted the customer service department to find out why. It
turns out that there are many phone calls that I did not make on bill.
However, the customer service insists that these calls were made from my
cell phone.
But many of the calls were made when I was out of the country. Enclosed is
a copy of my plane ticket to prove that I was not in the country. I have also
attached a copy of my recent bills and highlighted the calls that I did not
make.
Please reimburse me for the incorrect charges and send a statement that
reflects the changes. Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Regards,
Susan Hay
11. What is the purpose of this letter? 12. What does Ms. Hay request the company
A To ask do?
about a phone service plan A Refund the
B To extra charges
praise the customer service B Change her
C To service plan
exchange a defective phone C Contact the
D To travel agency
complain about a billing issue D Update her
subscription
Vocabulary
bill [bil] insist [in'sist] attach [ə'tæt∫]

turn out prove [pru:v]
highlight ['hailait] statement ['steitmənt] exchange [iks't∫eindʒ]
reimburse [ri:im'bə:s] reflect [ri'flekt] defective [di'fektiv]
incorrect [,inkə'rektli] attention [ə'ten∫n] complain [kəm'plein]
charge [t∫ɑ:dʒ] praise [preiz] refund [ri:'fʌnd]
LESSON 12
Advertisements
Part 7, some reading passages are about advertisements for jobs and products. Job
advertisements often involve recruiting managers /secretaries /manager assistants, etc.
Product advertisements focus on household appliances, membership, houses for rent,
restaurants, hotels, etc.
Question Types and Reading Strategy

Questions concerning advertisements are mostly about the purpose of advertising, the
position / product advertised the object of the advertisements, advertisers, etc. In job
advertisements, there are usually questions about requirements and application procedures;
whereas in product advertisements, questions often focus on features and good points of a
product! Service.
Questions about the purpose of advertising and the position / product advertised
Typical questions: What is the purpose of this advertisement?
What position is being advertised?
What is being advertised?
Reading strategy: The purpose of the advertisement or the position / product advertised is
often stated at the beginning of a reading passage. Therefore, hints for
the correct answer are located at the beginning of the reading passage.
Questions about requirements and application procedures in job advertisements

Typical questions: What is NOT a requirement for the position?
How can people apply for the position?
Reading strategy: Qualifications and requirements are often mentioned in the middle of a
reading passage, whereas application procedures are presented at the
end. Questions for these are usually information or NOT / TRUE
questions. You need to identify the key word(s) in the question, and
then locate hints in the middle or at the end of the reading passage for
the correct answer.
Questions about features and good points of a product / service in product advertisements
Typical questions: What is NOT stated as a feature of the service?
What is the advantage of the product?
Reading strategy: Features and good points of a product! Services are often stated in the
middle of a reading passage. Questions for these are usually
information or NOT / TRUE questions. You need to identify the key
word(s) in the question, and then locate hints in the middle of the
reading passage for the correct answer.
Common expressions used for requirements

requirement proficiency in (= fluency in) social skills
bachelor's degree a successful candidate bilingual in French and English
knowledge of experience in a related field
qualification computer literate
The questions below refer to the following advertisement.
Questions: 1. What position is being advertised?

Key word
A Sales B Deliver
manager y man
2. What is NOT a requirement for the position?
Key word
A Qualif C Comp
ications uter skills
B Driver D Foreig
's license n language
3. How can people apply for the position?
Key word
A By B By e-
phone mail
Analyzing:
1. Identify the key word position in the question. Hints for the answer can be found at
the beginning of the advertisement through the section Vacancy. Choice (A) Sales
manager is the correct answer.
2. Read the question and identify this is a NOT question based on the word NOT
Identify the key word requirement in the question. Hints for the answer can be found in
the middle of the reading passage. Choice (A) Qualifications is a restatement of college
degree or higher; choice (C) Computer skills is a restatement of ability to use accounting
software and excellent compiling skills; choice (D) Foreign language is expressed by
language competence - business English and Japanese. Choice (B) Driver's license is
not mentioned in the reading passage; therefore, it is the correct answer.
3. Identify the key word apply for and the question word How. This question asks
about the method or the procedure to apply for the position advertised. Hints for the
answer can be found at the end of the advertisement, download the application form at
the company website and e-mail it to recruit@worldwide.com; then, choice (B) By e-
mail is the correct answer.
Preparing practice Practice paraphrasing the following sentences by choosing
the correct option.
1. The Internet is an inexpensive means of advertising.

= A website is a ________ way to promote your business.
A creative B low-cost
2. All of our monitors are guaranteed to last more than ten years.
= Our displays are well made and extremely ________.
A durable B relevant
3. To make up for the drop in profits, the company fired 30 workers last quarter.
= The company ________ employees last quarter.
A hired B dismissed
4. We are seeking those who have acquired broad experience in the service industry.
= Those who have ________ experience in the hospitality industry will be welcomed.
A ex B extensive
pensive
Vocabulary
inexpensive [iniks'pensiv] last [lɑ:st] make up

means [mi:nz] display [dis'plei] drop [drɔp]
promote [prə'mout] durable ['djuərəbl] profit ['prɔfit]
guarantee [gærən'ti:] relevant ['reləvənt] fire ['faiə]
quarter ['kwɔ:tə] acquire [ə'kwaiə] extensive [iks'tensiv]
dismiss [dis'mis] broad ['brɔ:d]
seek [si:k] hospitality industry
5. We offer the most competitive prices in the automobile industry.

A We provide high-quality and low-price auto transport
service.
B Compared to most car companies, our prices are quite
low.
6. The product will be sold across the country on October 15.

A The product will be available nationally in the middle of October.
B By the second week of October, the product will be sold out.
7. Researchers will primarily work in the office, but some fieldwork will be required.
A Researchers have to work outside of the office at times.
B Researchers are required to do fieldwork after completing their office work.
8. S-Mart stores will now be open 24 hours a day in order to better serve their customers.
A To improve service, S-Mart will be open around the clock.
B Poor service has led S-Mart to extend its hours.
Vocabulary
competitive [kəm'petitiv] transport ['trænspɔ:t] across the country

quality ['kwɔliti] compare [kəm'peə] available [ə'veiləbl]
nationally ['næ∫nəli] require [ri'kwaiə] improve [im'pru:v]
be sold out at times around the clock
primarily ['praimərəli] complete [kəm'pli:t] lead [led]
fieldwork ['fi:ldwə:k] in order to extend [iks'tend]
Question 9 refers to the following advertisement.
9.
Smith Falls Apartments have two spacious bedrooms, a sunny living room, bath W
with both a tub and shower, and a fully-equipped kitchen. Our amenities include a
swimming pool, a fitness center, and a Laundromat. There is plenty of parking
nearby maintenance costs of the complex are included in the rent. In order to
become a tenant a. $2,000 security deposit and a recommendation from a previous
landlord are required.
hat is being advertised?
A A parking area
B An apartment complex
C A business space
Question 10 refers to the following advertisement.
Alfredo's, western Canada's favorite Italian restaurant chain, is looking for

regional managers to help with its expansion into two new provinces. All
regional managers will be based at our corporate headquarters in Calgary,
but will be asked to travel extensively throughout the country. Qualified
applicants must be proficient in both English and French and understand the
market differences among the various regions of Canada. Minimum of three
years of experience in the hospitality industry is preferred.
10. What is stated as a requirement for the job?

A A sense of hospitality
B Proof of residence in Calgary
C Fluency in two languages
Vocabulary
equip [i'kwip] security deposit expansion [iks'pæn∫n]

amenity [ə'mi:niti] recommendation base [beis]
maintenance ['meintinəns] [,rekəmen'dei∫n] headquarters ['hed'kwɔ:təz]
rent [rent] landlord ['lændlɔ:d] extensively [iks'tensivli]
tenant ['tenənt] regional ['ri:dʒənl] qualified
proficient [prə'fi∫nt] proof [pru:f]
hospitality industry residence ['rezidəns]
preferred [pri'fə:d] fluency
Questions 11-12 refer to the following job advertisement.
Quality Control Engineer

The Coleman Co. is searching for a quality control engineer who will
provide support and technical advice regarding all of our manufactured
goods. The quality control engineer will be expected to support the
operational division to find solutions for engineering and quality concerns.
The quality control engineer will also be expected to communicate with
customers on technical issues.
We require that all candidates applying for this position have a bachelor's;
degree in mechanical engineering as well as a minimum of five years'
experience in the field. Additionally, a successful candidate will have
strong communication skills. Candidates who are able to speak several
different languages will be preferred. A rewarding salary will be offered
and will depend upon the candidate's experience.
11. What is one of the stated job responsibilities?

A Giving instructions to the technical staff
B Supervising the operational division
C Maintaining the factory's facilities
D Providing technical information to clients
12. What is NOT a requirement for this job?

A Proficiency in a foreign language
B A university degree
C Related experience
D Excellent interpersonal skills
Vocabulary
search [sə:t∫] issue ['isju:] responsibility[ri,spɔnsə'biləti]
advice [əd'vais] apply for instruction [in'strʌk∫n]
regarding [ri'gɑ:diη] bachelor's degree supervise ['su:pəvaiz]
manufactured goods field [fi:ld] maintain [mein'tein]
operational [,ɔpə'rei∫ənl] prefer [pri'fə:(r)] proficiency [prə'fi∫nsi]
division [di'viʒn] rewarding [ri'wɔ:diη] related [ri'leitd]
solution [sə'lu:∫n] state [steit] interpersonal [intə'pə:snl]
be expected to + V
LESSON 13
Notices / Announcements
In Part 7, reading passages may involve office announcements and public

announcements. Typical office announcements are about new regulations, a staff
training event, equipment maintenance, etc. Public announcements mention some
instructions, computer operations, .transportation broadcasts, etc.
Question types and reading strategy
Questions related to notices or announcements are usually about the purpose or recipients of
notices or announcements, the possible locations of notices or announcements, the
information related to specific dates, or the requests for those concerned.
Questions about the purpose or recipients of notices or announcements
Typical questions: What is the purpose of the notice?
Who is the notice intended for?
Reading strategy: The purpose or intended reader of a notice or an announcement is mainly
stated at the beginning of a reading passage.
Hints for the answer related to the topic or purpose can be found at the
beginning of a reading passage.
Hints that help choose the answer for the question related to the intended
reader of the notice or announcement can be inferred from the whole
reading passage. Pay particular attention to the beginning of the reading
passage.
Questions about the information or event related to specific dates in notices or
announcements
Typical questions: What will happen on April 19?
What is the subject of the event on September 2?
Reading strategy: Information or an event related to specific dates is often stated in the
middle of a reading passage. Since this is usually an information
question, the specific date in the question is the key word. Hints for the
answer can be found in the middle of the reading passage.
Questions about the requests in notices or announcements
Typical questions: What are recipients of this notice asked to do?
When should Ms. Pablo be contacted?
Reading strategy: Requests in a notice or an announcement often appear at the end of a
reading passage. These are mainly information questions and NOT /
TRUE questions. Identify the key word(s) in the question and then find
hints for the answer at the end of the reading passage.
Common expressions used in notices or announcements

 Purpose of notices or announcements: We are pleased to announce ~.
 Expression related to specific dates or places: The event will take place at ~.
 Expression related to requests: If you have any questions, please contact ~.
The questions below refer to the following announcement.
Questions: 1. Who is the announcement intended for?

Intended reader of the announcement
A. Local residents B. City hall staff
2. What will happen on January 10 ?

Key word
A. The construction of the garbage disposal begins.
B. The meeting results are announced.
3. What should a person do if he has any question?

Key word
A. Go to the city hall B. Make a phone call
Analyzing:
1. The question is about the intended reader of the announcement. The information that
helps choose the answer is inferred from the whole reading passage. As stated at the
beginning of the reading passage, The Springfield City government is going ... local
area, and the word Residents in the second paragraph, it can be inferred that this notice
is aimed at the local people in Springfield City. Therefore, choice (A) Local residents is
the correct answer.
2. This question is about an event related to a specific date mentioned in the announcement.
So, January 10 is the key word that helps locate the information for the answer. As
stated in the announcement, The meeting agenda together with its results will be
publicized on the city website on January 10, choice (B) The meeting results are
announced is the correct answer.
3. The question asks about a certain request - if he has any questions. The hints related to
requests are mentioned at the end of the reading passage. The announcement says, If you
have any questions, please contact the Environment Department, Springfield City Hall,
at 810-2833; therefore, choice (B) Make a phone call is the correct answer.
the correct option.
1. As requested, the swimming pool will remain open for three extra hours.
= The request to ________ the pool hours of operation has been approved.
A. extend B. extract
2. Pre-registration is required to secure a place in the lecture course.

= You need to sign up ________ to ensure a seat in the lecture.
A. in a hurry B. in advance
3. If you have a question, please ask a salesperson.

= All ________ should be directed to one of the sales representatives.
A. inquiries B. concerns
4. Led by Mr. Collins, the seminar on safety procedures at the factory will be held this
Friday.
= Mr. Collins will ________ the seminar on the proper use of machinery.
A. conduct B. train
Vocabulary
request [ri'kwest] secure [si'kjuə] concern [kən'sə:n]

remain [ri'mein] sign up safety procedure
approve [ə'pru:v] ensure [in'∫uə] proper ['prɔpə]
extend [iks'tend] in a hurry conduct ['kɔndʌkt]
extract ['ekstrækt] in advance train [trein]
pre-registration direct [di'rekt]
[pri:,redʒi'strei∫n] inquiry [in'kwaiəri]
5. A ban on this movie is in effect from February 14 until further notice.
A It is illegal to watch the movie until February 14.
B A ban of indefinite duration has been placed on this film.
6. A schedule of the week's events is available to conference attendees on the website.

A A conference program can be found on the website.
B Attendees may sign up for events on the conference website.
7. Due to a server update, there will be an interruption to the online services.

A Due to a server error, the online system requires updating.
B A service disruption is expected while our system is being updated.
8. A $50 non-refundable deposit is required to make a reservation at our hotel.

A Customers will not get their deposit back if they cancel their reservations.
B Customers must pay a penalty of $50 when they cancel their reservations.
Vocabulary
ban [bæn] available [ə'veiləbl] non-refundable
in effect attendee [əten’di:] [,nɔn ri:'fʌndəbl]
until further notice sign up deposit [di'pɔzit]
illegal [i'li:gəl] interruption [,intə'rʌp∫n] reservation [,rezə'vei∫n]
indefinite [in'definit] disruption [dis'rʌp∫n] penalty ['penlti]
duration [djuə'rei∫n]
Question 9 refers to the following announcement.
The 23rd Annual Battleford Science Fair will take place at Riedel University from
May 1 to 7. The fair draws over 3,000 students, parents, and industry leaders from
Riedel County; each year and is in need of volunteers. Volunteers will organize
the awards ceremony. In addition, we need a team to take responsibility for selling
snacks and refreshments. If you are interested in volunteering, contact Bob
Marshall, Battleford Science Fair coordinator, for further information.
9. What is the purpose of this announcement?

A To recruit volunteers for the science fair
B To provide information on an awards ceremony
C To draw students to the science fair
Question 10 refers to the following announcement.
10. Tickets for the performance can be exchanged no later than 48 hours before the
time stated on the tickets. All evening performances will begin at 8 p.m., and
weekend matinees start at 2:30 p.m. Audience members are asked to arrive
early, as latecomers will not be allowed to enter the concert hall, Please be
aware that there is limited parking near the Art Center. Street parking is also
available for a small fee.
What is mentioned in the announcement?
A Tickets can be purchased online.
B There are no afternoon performances on weekends.
C They may have difficulty finding a place to park.
Vocabulary
take place refreshments [ri'fre∫mənts] state [steit]

draw [drɔ:] coordinator [kou'ɔ:dineitə(r)] matinee ['mætnei]
volunteer [,vɔlən'tiə] recruit [ri'kru:t] award [ə'wɔ:d]
aware [ə'weə] exchange [iks't∫eindʒ] limited ['limitid]
take responsibility for no later than
Questions 11-12 refer to the following notice.

Belhaven is pleased to provide on-site classes from Harvey University for our staff.
Until now, our company has supported staff who take courses on the university campus.
However, management believes that it wilt be more beneficial to bring the classes to the
company. This will save time by reducing unnecessary commuting. Half of the
enrollment fee will be paid by the company, and a university credit will be given upon
completion of each course.
Class Time Classroom

Introduction to Accounting Mon, Fri 6:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. Room 202
Introduction to Marketing Tue, Thur. 6:00 p.m. - 9:00 p.m. Room 202
Business Administration Mon, Wed 6:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. Room 203
If you are interested in taking a class, please download a registration form from the HR
Department's website. Further instructions are displayed on the bulletin board.
11. What is NOT a stated feature of the D They are run by a university.
company's on-site classes? 12. What should employees do if they are
A They will award university interested in attending a class?
credits. A Call the HR Department
B They will save staff time by B Ask for their supervisors'
minimizing travel time. approval
C They will be available at no C Contact the university
charge. D Obtain a document
Vocabulary
on-site [ɔn:sait] credit ['kredit] HR Department

beneficial [,beni'fi∫əl] completion [kəm'pli:∫n] feature ['fi:t∫ə]
reduce [ri'dju:s] accounting [ə'kauntiη] minimize ['minimaiz]
unnecessary [ʌn'nesisəri] administration [əd,minis'trei∫n] run [rʌn]
commuting [kə'mju:t] take a class approval [ə'pru:vəl]
enrollment fee registration [,redʒi'strei∫n] obtain [əb'tein]
LESSON 14
Articles / Reviews
In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of newspaper articles or reviews. These
mainly discuss national industries, corporate trends, nature conservation, energy
saving, etc. Bedsides, information related to daily life such as news about movies or
performances/restaurant ratings is also the topics of articles or reviews.

Questions concerning articles or reviews usually ask about the topic or main idea of an or a
review, specific details, or true/false information.
Questions about the topic or main idea of an article or a review
Typical questions: What is the main idea / topic of the article?
What is the article mainly about?
Reading strategy: The topic or main idea is mainly stated at the beginning of a reading
passage.
As this is a topic/main idea question, hints for the correct answer can be
found at the beginning of a reading passage.
Questions about the specific details in an article or a review
Typical questions: According to the article, what will happen in ten years?
What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of recruiting online?
Reading strategy: Find the key word(s) in the question, then locate relevant information in
a reading passage.
As this is an information or a NOT / TRUE question, it is important to,
first, identify the key word(s) in the question, and then locate relevant
information in a reading passage.
Questions about the true/false information in an article or a review
Typical questions: What is mentioned in the article?
What is NOT stated in the article?
Reading strategy: Identify the key words in the given answer choices, then locate relevant
information in a reading passage.
As this is a NOT / TRUE question, you need to compare each of the
answer choices with information in a reading passage. In case of NOT
question, choose the answer choice which is different from the details
presented in a reading passage; however, in case of TRUE question,
choose the choice that matches the reading passage.
Common words used in economic articles / reviews

analyst legal productivity
interest rate net profit subsidiary company
headquarters stock market competitive
monopoly capital flourish
shareholder fiscal year recession
bankruptcy M & A (merger and predict
financial crisis acquisition)
Strategy Application
The questions below refer to the following article.
Questions:
Analyzing:
1. The topic or main idea of the article is stated at the beginning of the article. Hints for the
correct answer can be found in Last week; the Energy Management Bureau claimed that
gas bills are going to increase dramatically this winter. Therefore, choice (A) Increase
in gas bills is the correct answer.
2. This question focuses on specific information with such key words as experts, advise.
Locate the key words experts, advise in the reading passage and find hints for the
correct answer. The article states, Experts advise that people should tightly close all
windows or narrow chinks in the doors of their houses to minimize heat escape, which
can help save about 20% of their gas bills. Therefore, choice (B) Keep heat inside the
house is the correct answer.
3. This question requires your understanding of the whole reading passage. You need to
check each of the answer choices with the relevant information in the passage. Choice
(A) is mentioned in the reading passage under the meteorological forecast of this year's
lower temperature. Choice (B) is mentioned under the increase in crude oil prices
worldwide. Choice (D) is mentioned in difficulties in natural gas supply. It is stated in
the article that crude oil production in the Gulf of Mexico not seeming to recover soon,
but not Crude oil production in the Gulf of Mexico is interrupted; thus, choice (C) is the
correct answer.
the correct option.
1. The hotel has recently renovated one hundred guest suites.

= Many guest suites at the hotel have recently been ________
A. leased B. remodeled
2. The number of people living in Harborfront has grown lately.

= Harborfront has had a recent rise in ________
A. population B. popularity
3. Cold weather leads to higher heating costs.

= Heating costs ________ as the temperature outside decreases.
A. divide B. rise
4. The dangers of cigarettes are emphasized in the posters.

= The posted signs ________ people of the risk of smoking.
A. warn B. endanger
Vocabulary
recently ['ri:sntli] rise [raiz] emphasize ['emfəsaiz]

renovate ['renəveit] population [,pɔpju'lei∫n] post [poust]
suite [swi:t] popularity [,pɔpju'lærəti] risk [risk]
lease [li:s] lead [li:d] warn [wɔ:n]
remodel [ri:'mɔdl] temperature ['temprət∫ə] endanger [in'deindʒə(r)]
lately ['leitli] decrease ['di:kri:s]
5. Caltrex is best known for its healthy relationship with its staff.
A Caltrex is famous for maintaining good employee relations.
B Caltrex is very satisfied with its famous employees.
6. The Pearl Group is headquartered in Tokyo.

A The first branch office of the Pearl Group is established in Tokyo.
B The main office of the Pearl Group is situated in Tokyo.
7. Economists attributed the economic recovery to the state's lowering of interest rates.
A In response to the stronger economy, the government decided to change
interest rates.
B The economy improved because the government reduced interest rates.
8. Costa Co. acquired FNB to strengthen its position in the educational software market.
A FNB was purchased by Costa Co. to reinforce its status in the industry.
B Costa Co. bought FNB in order to make it the largest manufacturer in the
industry.
Vocabulary
be known for situated ['sitjueitid] acquire [ə'kwaiə]
maintain [mein'tein] attribute A to B strengthen ['streηθn]
be satisfied with recovery [ri'kʌvəri] reinforce [ri:in'fɔ:s]
headquarter ['hed'kwɔ:təz] lower ['louə] status ['steitəs]
branch [brɑ:nt∫] interest rate manufacturer [mænju'fækt∫ərə]
establish [is'tæbli∫] in response to
Question 9 refers to the following article.
Most people interested in starting a hotel face tough challenges. The hospitality
industry is dominated by established international brand names with enormous
operating budgets, which are difficult to compete with as an independent company,
Hotel industry leader James Wellington advises hopeful hoteliers that their dreams can
come true if they target their niche market and concentrate on distinguishing
themselves from their competitors.
9. What is stated as a difficulty when starting a new hotel?

A Managing their large operating budgets
B Competing with well-known rivals
C Establishing it as an international brand
Question 10 refers to the following review.
Visitors to Lorenzo's Restaurant in Palm Springs are never disappointed. From the decor
to the menu, every detail has been carefully considered. The extensive menu includes
Italian and French dishes, as well as the unique creations of the Owner, Chef Paolo. The
restaurant specializes in pasta, but features some steaks as well. Lunch is offered at 15
percent off. the regular price. Take advantage of this offer and try the delicate risotto or
potato gratin for lunch.
10. What is NOT mentioned about the restaurant?

A The chef owns it.
B Customers can enjoy lunch at reduced prices.
C It prepares the day's specials every day.
Vocabulary
face [feis] independent [indi'pendənt] feature ['fi:t∫ə]

hospitality industry niche market take advantage of
dominate ['dɔmineit] concentrate on delicate ['delikət]
established [is'tæbli∫t] distinguish A from B prepare [pri'peə]
operating budget consider [kən'sidə]
compete [kəm'pi:t] specialize ['spe∫əlaiz]
Questions 11-12 refer to the following article.
Want top marks when it comes to employee morale?

11.
There are many different methods to motivate a group or individual workers. While W
increased pay is often the primary motivator, there are others such as promotions and
memberships in fitness clubs, So it is important for employers to establish a
rewarding program. This will ensure their loyalty and dedication to the company.
Another way to motivate employees is to build workers' self-esteem: Compliments at
staff meetings are a good example. By providing positive recognition, an employer
will be able to reinforce the practices that he wants the staff to continue.
In most occupations, workers list interesting work as the most important factor in Job
motivation. If leaders allow their workers to use the time and resources to take on
new challenges, the results can be very rewarding for all.
hat is the main idea of the article?

A How to evaluate employee performance
B How to build a good reputation
C How to create a warm office atmosphere
D How to motivate employees
12. What is mentioned in the article?

A Employers should provide employees with educational programs.
B Employers have to evaluate their rewarding programs regularly.
C Employees are inspired by interesting tasks.
D Employees tend to think of job training as boring.
Vocabulary
morale [mə'rɑ:l] loyalty ['lɔiəlti] motivation [mouti'vei∫n]
method ['meθəd] self-esteem [self i'sti:m] evaluate [i'væljueit]
motivate ['moutiveit] compliment ['kɔmplimənt] performance [pə'fɔ:məns]
primary ['praiməri] recognition [rekəg'ni∫n] reputation [,repju:'tei∫n]
promotion [prə'mou∫n] reinforce [,ri:in'fɔ:s] atmosphere ['ætməsfiə]
establish [is'tæbli∫] practice ['præktis] inspire [in'spaiə]
rewarding [ri'wɔ:diη] occupation [,ɒkjʊ'pei∫n] tend [tend]
LESSON 15
Memorandums
Memorandums appeared in the later 19th century since there was an increasing need for internal
communication across distances and between levels of management of businesses. Initially, the
term “memorandum” was used, but by the 1920s, when the internal documents were already
widely spread, it was shortened to memo, In the modern time, e-mails have, to some extent,
replaced memos.
In Part 7, reading; passages may be in the form of memos which are pieces, of correspondence
sent between employers and employees within a company or between companies to inform of a
changed venue, a new decision, a request, a staff transfer, etc. They are more private and more
formal than e-mails but less formal than letters. Memos may have their own specific format:
there are mostly a heading and a body. No salutations, complimentary closings, and formal
signatures are included in memos.
Questions concerning a memo are usually about the topic or purpose of the memo, (a)
specific detail(s), or memo-related further information.
Questions about the topic or purpose of a memo
Typical questions: What is the memorandum about?
What is the purpose of this memo?
Reading strategy: The topic or purpose of a memo is often stated in the first part of a
reading passage.
As this is a question about the topic or purpose, hints for the correct
answer be located at the beginning of a reading passage. In particular, the
purpose or topic is often mentioned in the heading written as Subject: ...
or Re: ...
Questions about (a) specific detail(s) in a memo
Typical questions: Which department does Mr. Lee work at?
What does the company plan to do?
Reading strategy: Specific details are often mentioned in the middle of a memo.
As this is an information question, identify the key word(s) in the
question, then find hints for the answer around the key word(s) in the
middle of a reading passage.
Questions about memo-related further information
Typical questions: Who should be contacted for more information?
What should people who have any questions do?
Reading strategy: Memo-related further information is often written at the end of a reading
passage.
As this is an information question, identify the key word(s) in the
question, then locate the key word(s) around the end of a reading passage
and find hints fort correct answer.
Common memo topics in the TOEIC test

To announce a resignation To request the cooperation for a cleaning
To announce staff changes operation
To congratulate an employee on a promotion To remind employees of a company policy
To inform the staff of maintenance activities
The questions below refer to the following memo.
Questions:
Analyzing:
1. This question is about the topic of the memo. The topic of the memo is stated at the first
part of the reading passage. Hints for the answer can be found in You are invited to a
farewell party to Mr. Jackson on Friday, October 31 because he is going to retire. The
correct answer is choice (B) An employee farewell party.
2. This question is about a specific detail in the memo with the key word Mr. Jackson,
including the question word How long. Locate the word Mr. Jackson in the middle of
the reading passage, then find hints for the correct answer around it. It is stated in Mr.
Jackson ... since he joined the company 15 years ago. Therefore, the correct answer is
choice (B) 15 years.
3. This is a question about memo-related further information. Identify the key word
suggestions in the question, then locate the key word at the end of the reading passage,
and find hints for the correct answer around it. Suggestions is paraphrased as interesting
ideas. The reading says, If you come up with any interesting ideas or any questions,
please e-mail to msbrown@market.com or call the extension number 117 at any time.
Choice (A) Make a phone call is the correct answer.
the correct option.
1. We are looking to simplify our ordering procedures.

= We are trying to make our ordering procedures ________
A. safer B. easier
2. It would make me very happy to take on the project you proposed.

= I will definitely ________ the assignment that was suggested by you.
A. accept B. except
3. I am writing to debate the claims you recently made in your article.

= I ________ with some of the statements made in your article.
A. dissatisfy B. disagree
4. The least amount of time needed to complete the project is seven days.
= In order to complete the project, we will require a ________ of one week.
A. minimum B. lowest
Vocabulary
be looking to + V assignment [ə'sainmənt] statement ['steitmənt]

simplify ['simplifai] accept [ək'sept] disagree [disə'gri:]
procedure [prə'si:dʒə] except [ik'sept] least [li:st]
take on debate [di'beit] amount [ə'maunt]
propose [prə'pouz] claim [kleim] complete [kəm'pli:t]
definitely ['definitli] article ['ɑ:tikl]
5. I wanted to thank you for meeting with me and letting me express my thoughts.
A I appreciate your giving me the time to share my ideas with you.
B I would like to express my gratitude for your ideas suggested at the meeting.
6. It is suggested that the filters be changed at least every four months.

A The four filters need to be replaced.
B The filters need to be replaced regularly.
7. If you happen to lose your card, notify our representative at the toll-free number listed.
A The company issues a replacement card at no cost.
B When a card is lost, customers should call our office at no charge.
8. We are invited to a welcome party for recently hired employees.

A The event is to honor new staff members.
B The event is to reward a group of employees.
Vocabulary
express [iks'pres] representative [repri'zentətiv] welcome party

appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit] toll-free number recently ['ri:sntli]
share [∫eə] listed [listid] hire ['haiə]
gratitude ['grætitju:d] issue ['isju:] honor ['ɔnə]
replace [ri'pleis] at no cost reward [ri'wɔ:d]
regularly ['regjuləri] at no charge
notify ['noutifai] invite [in'vait]
Question 9 refers to the following memorandum.
To all staff members:
The company has decided to change our spending policy. Office operating costs must
be kept to a minimum. This is because the; recent economic downturn has led to much
lower profits this year. All departments are encouraged to find ways to reduce
spending. At the next staff meeting, we would like a representative from each
department to present cost-cutting suggestions.
9. What is the purpose of this memorandum?

A To notify employees of a staff meeting
B To inform employees of a new company policy
C To report the annual profits of the company
Question 10 refers to the following memorandum.
To: The staff of Weston Clarkson, Inc. 10.

W
I am pleased to announce the promotion of Edmund Park from the regional sales
manager to the vice-president of marketing. Mr. Park has been with our company
for the past 25 years. He started as a student intern and worked his way up in the
company. In his role as a sales manager, Mr. Park has proved his talents by
improving sales by 27 percent. We are excited to see what his leadership and
ideas will bring to our overseas marketing department.
hat is NOT stated about Edmund Park?

A He joined the company as a student.
B He was successful as a sales manager.
C He has been working in foreign countries.
Vocabulary
spending ['spendiη] cost-cutting prove [pru:v]

policy ['pɔləsi] annual ['ænjuəl] talent ['tælənt]
operating costs promotion [prə'mou∫n] improve [im'pru:v]
keep to a minimum regional ['ri:dʒənl] overseas [ouvə'si:z]
downturn ['dɒʊntɜ: n] vice-president join the company
profit ['prɔfit] work one's way foreign ['fɔrin]
encourage [in'kʌridʒ] role [roul]
Questions 11-12 refer to the following memorandum.

From: Joe Hawkins, Building Maintenance Department
To: All Staff
Subject: Building Renovation
The Severance Building, which contains our employee gym, will be renovated.
The work will be performed in two phases. Phase I will begin on the first of July and
be completed in October. It will include the demolition of the old front wall of the
building and the erection of a glass wall. Phase II will take place from November
through January of next year. The work involves remodeling the fitness center,
employee lounge, and cafeteria.
During the renovation period, the staff is asked to use the Sun Fitness Center, located
at Maple Street. The full cost of memberships, Including locker rental, will be covered
by the company. We are sorry for any inconvenience this may cause.
11. Why was the memorandum written?

A To notify employees of a change in health benefits
B To request funds for the renovation project
C To invite people to register for the company gym
D To inform staff of a plan to remodel
12. Which area is NOT included in Phase II?

A The gym
B The staff room
C The building wall
D The cafeteria
Vocabulary
maintenance ['meintinəns] erection [i'rek∫n] cover ['kʌvə]

renovation [renə'vei∫n] take place inconvenience
contain [kantein] involve [in'vɔlv] [,inkən'vi:njəns]
renovate [renə'vei∫n] remodel [ri:'mɔdl] cause [kɔ:z]
perform [pə'fɔ:m] lounge ['laundʒ] notify ['noutifai]
phase [feiz] period ['piəriəd] benefit ['benifit]
include [in'klu:d] locate [lou'keit] fund [fʌnd]
demolition [demə'li∫n] rental ['rentl] register ['redʒistə]

Giao Trình Reading Level 2 New 2022

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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN

KHOA TIẾNG ANH

Giảng viên biên soạn: Phan Thị Tịnh Tâm

LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ

Đà Nẵng, năm 2018

OVERVIEW: AGREEMENT ................................................................. 4

LESSON 1: Subject – Verb Agreement in Numbers (1) .…………………………………… 5

LESSON 2: Subject – Verb Agreement in Numbers (2) …………………………………… 7

LESSON 3: Subject – Verb Agreement in Numbers (3) …………………………………… 9

LESSON 4: Agreement Tense …………………………………………… 12

LESSON 5: Review …………………………………………… 14

CHAPTER 2 – VOCABULARY …………………………………………… 18

LESSON 6: Adjectives (1) …………………………………………… 20

LESSON 7: Adjectives (2) …………………………………………… 23

LESSON 8: Adverbs (1) …………………………………………… 25

LESSON 9: Adverbs (2) …………………………………………… 29

LESSON 10: Review …………………………………………… 32

CHAPTER 3 – READING POINT …………………………………………… 37

LESSON 11: Letters and E-mails …………………………………………………… 38

LESSON 12: Advertisements …………………………………………… 43

LESSON 13: Notices / Announcements …………………………………………………… 49

LESSON 14: Articles / Reviews …………………………………………… 55

LESSON 15: Memorandums …………………………………………… 62

Basic rules of subject-verb agreement in number:

 When the subject is an indefinite pronoun or a noun with a quantifier, carefully

Agreement in tense Of main clause and subordinate clause:

Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (1)

Singular subject - singular verb, plural subject - plural verb

Types of SubjectsExamplesSingular/plural nounThe president is not in now

NounsExamplesNoun indicating subjectseconomics politics statistics,

I. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (2)

one each either neither no one / nobody nothing something someone /

Nouns with a quantifier

Subject-Verb Agreement in Number (3)

I. Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

Main clauseSubordinate clausePresent simple, present perfect tensesPresent,

ExceptionsTense of subordinate clauseWhen the event is a truth / general

A. Choose the correct option for each sentence.

B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

I. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

conscious equipped engaged superior

1. The article ________ that the the number of

Questions 15 – 16 refer to the following letter.

lately have an effect on quit hold a meeting financial situation

Grammar Step UP!

Special Cases of Subject-Verb Agreement in Number

 Subject-verb agreement for subject relative pronouns

 Subject-verb agreement for modifying phrases

1. The competition between the two companies (is / are) tough.

Adjectives & Adverbs

 A successful project (Modifying the noun project)

 The project is successful: (Functioning as a subject complement)

 I found it easy. (Functioning as an object complement)

 I completely forgot about the meeting. (Modifying the verb forgot)

 That was very- useful. (Modifying the adjective useful)

 Thank you very much. (Modifying the adverb much)

 Unfortunately, / couldn't make it. (Modifying the whole sentence)

friend - friendly love - lovely

Functions and Positions of an Adjective

1. (various) (A) __ companies (B)__ attended (C)__ the (D)__fair.

3. (difficult) The (A)__ work (B)__ became (C)__ very (D)__.

4. (useful) (A)__ I (B)__ found (C)__ it (D)__.

5. (convenient) Find (A)__ a (B)__ way (C)__ to do (D)__ the work.

1. (various) (A) companies (B) attended (C) the (D)fair.

3. (difficult) The (A) work (B) became (C) very (D).

4. (useful) (A) I (B) found (C) it (D).

5. (convenient) Find (A) a (B) way (C) to do (D) the work.

6. (expensive) (A) H&P Co. (B) sells (C) products (D).