Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I

SOLUTIONS TO FLUID MECHANICS-I

CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS 13.
1.

BASIC LEVEL QUESTIONS

Mass
1. Density = 
Volume

2. Mass of body
Density of hollow body  B 
Volume of body
Mass of material
B 
VC  VS

 S VS
B 
VC  VS VC
3. VC  Volume of cavity
VS  Volume of material
 V  VS 
 B  C   S

 VS 

B  S
4.

2.

5.

6.
7.
8.

9.

3.

10.

12. Factual.
4.
12.

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions

5. 10.

6.

7.

B2  mg
8. 2
Vimm g  V g
3
V 2
g  V . .g
4 3

11.

9.
12.
( s  7, w  1, V  Volume (5  5  5 cm3 )

13.

(Relative density is density w.r.t. water, relative density of steel

is 7 means steel has density 7 times that of water). Thus
apparent weight = 5 × 5 × 5 (7–1) gf = 6 × 5 × 5 × 5 gf.

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I

Mg  V2Hg g  V3w g ...(ii)

V3 can not be zero, hence from (i) and (ii)
V2 < V1
i.e. after filling the water volume of ball inside the mercury is
lessor. Hence, ball rises.

17.

M
14. Density of raft  
V
M 120 1 3 18.
Volume of raft V    m
 600 5
Suppose extra ‘m’ mass is required to make the raft just sink.
Then
B  120g  mg 120 kg
V w g  (120  m) g
1
 1000  120  m  200  120  m
5
m  80 kg

15.

19. Volume of silver ingot V  m  2.1  0.25 m

 10.5
By balancing forces
T  B  mg
16. Initially steel ball was balanced by mercury only. Suppose in T  mg  B T
this case volume immersed in mercury in V1 then
 Vg  Vg
Mg  B(Hg)
 V (  ) g
Mg  V1Hg g ... (i)  Hg  density of mercury mg
 0.2 (10.5  0.8 ) g
Now after filling the water (which will remain above mercury
because  w  Hg ) T  1.94 kg  wt
Weight of steel ball is balanced by Hg and water. 20. Suppose volume of block is V.
Mg  BHg  Bwater Given that 0.1 of its volume is in air, hence 0.9 of total volume
must be in water. Weight of block is balanced by buoyant
Now, suppose volume inside the mercury is V2, and inside the
force.
water is V3, then
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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions

Mg  Vimmw g 26.
0.1V
V  w  0.9V (1) g 0.9 V
gm
 w  0.9
cc
21. Initially weight of cork ball is balanced by air and water both.
Mg  Bw  Bair ....(1)
When air in evacuated, buoyant force acts due to water only
to hold same weight.
Mg  Bw' ....(2)
From (1) and (2)
Bw  Bair  Bw'

Bw'  Bw 27.
'
Vimm  g  Vimm g
'
Vimm  Vimm
Immersed volume in water has increased after removing air,
hence ball sink a little.
22.

23. 28.

29.
24.

30.
31. 1 kg of lightly packed feathers are spread over of large volume,
25. hence Buoyant force of air on feathers will be greater as
compared to Buoyant force on 1 kg steel and 1 kg water.
Apparent weight of feather will be minimum. Hence, a
hydrogen balloon will find easiest to lift 1 kg of lightly packed
feathers.

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I

32. 36.

37.

38.

33. 39.

40.

34. 41.

42.

35.

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions
Mass of crown = Mass of gold + Mass of copper
210  Vg  g  VCu Cu
210 = x × 19.3 x + (12 – x) 8.5
210 = 19.3 x + 102 – 8.5 x
108 = 10.8 x
Vg  x  10 cc

Amount of gold in crown = Vg  g  10  19.3

mg  193 gm
45.

x3  (1  0.06)

x  (1  0.006)1/ 3
By binomial
1
x  1   0.06
3
x  1  0.02  0.98 m
43. Body was half immersed in water in equilibrium.
Hence, B  mg
V 46.
 w g  Vg
2
 1000
 w   500 kg/m3
2 2

47. Given P0 = 10 m depth of water

P0  hg  10  g
At bottom radius r1  r
On surface radius r2  2r
4 3
V1  r  V0
3
4 4
V2   (2r )3   8r 3  8V0
3 3
On going from bottom to surface radius is increasing i.e.
44. Wapp  W  B volume in increasing due to decrease in pressure.
P2= P0
By P1V1  P2V2 r2=2r
 gm  = 10g
198 g = 210 g – V w g  w  1  ( P0  Hg )V0  P0 8V0
 cc 
198 = 210 – V(i) 10g  Hg  10g (8)
10 + H = 80 H=?
V  12 cc
r1=r P1 =P0 + Hg
H  70 m
Suppose volume of gold is in crown is Vg = x
Then volume of copper in crown in VC = 12 – x In this case surface tension of water is reflected.

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I

48.

51.

52. . In this case liquid will rise

V '  Ax  a 2 x, V  a 3 upto highest point.
4 53.
 30  30  x   (30  30  30)
5
4
 x  30  24 cm
5
54.
49. Density of ball < density of water
 Inside water net force will be upwards.
In air ball will be moving downwards with acceleration g but
inside water there will be retardation till it stops.
In air, a1  g
Inside water
Fnet  B  mg 55.
ma  Vg  Vg
V
a (  ) g
V v

 
a2    1 g
 
t
 103  56.
a2    1 g
 0.4  103 
 
a2  (2.5  1) g  1.5g
By relation (for body starting from rest and then stops) 57. Initially weight is balanced by air and water
a1s1  a2 s2 Mg  Bair  Bwater
g  g  1.5g s2 Mg  Bair  V1 w g ...(1)
When air is pumped out weight will be balanced by water only
9
s2   6 cm Mg  V2 w g ...(2)
1.5
From (1) and (2)
50.
Bair  V1 w g  V2 w g

V1  V2

V2  Volume of metal

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions

58. 62.

Suppose x-fraction volume is hollow i.e. volume of cavity

(VC) = xV 63.
Volume of material = V – xV
(Vm) = V (1–x)
Mass of shell = Mass of material = (Vm)m
M = V (1–x)5
Wapp = W – B
W
W  B
2
W W
B W   64. Proceed as question no. 21 (basic level).
2 2
65. Initially spring reads weight of water and breaker = 1.5 kg.
Mg When stone of mass 0.5 kg is immersed in water, there will be
Vg 
2 extra weight i.e. 0.5 kg. Hence, reading will be 1.5 + 0.5 = 2 kg.
66.
V
V (1)  (1  x)5
2
2 67. Proceed as question no. 14 (basic level).
1 x
5 68.
2
x  1
5
3 69.  density of body = Density of liquid
x
5  net force on body inside the liquid will be zero. When
downward velocity is given it will move with constant velocity
59.
i.e. downward with some speed. Hence it will sink in liquid.
70.
60.

61.

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I

71. Relative density of solid = 3

3
Relative density of liquid =
2
74.

72.

75.

73. In water
Bw  W  Wapp

Bw  120 g  80 g
V w g  40g 2T
P0  hg 
gm  8 r  8P  16T  P  hg  2T
V  40 cc w  1 0 0
2T R r
cc P0 
R
120 gm
Density of solid   3
40 cc
In liquid
Bair  120g  60g
Vliq g  60g
6T
hg  7 P0 
40liq  60 r

60 3 gm
air  
40 2 cc

Density
Relative density =
gm
1
cc

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions

5.

ADVANCE LEVEL QUESTIONS

1. (Wapp )s  (Wapp ) gold

W1  B1  W2  B2
V11 g  V1g  V2 2 g  V2g

 gm 
V1 (1  1) V2 ( 2  1)  1 
 cc 
6.
V1  2  1

V2 1  1
 2  1
( 2  1)  (1  1)
V1
1 7.
V2
V1  V2
B1  B2
Now by
W1  B1  W2  B2
8.
W1  W2  B1  B2
Hence, true weight of silver object is greater in this case.
2. Buoyant force = Weight of the liquid displacement
In free fall condition
B  Wdis  0
3. Proceed as question no. 69, (basic level).
4.

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I
Then
Fnet  ma
F2  F1  ma
P2 A  P1 A  ALa
P2  P1  La ...(1)
Pressure at “C” PC  P1  P0  h1g
Pressure at “D” PD  P2  P0  h2g
P2  P1  (h2  h1 )g ....(2)
From (1) and (2)
La  (h2  h1 )g

a h2  h1
Alternate: Ball starts from rest accelerate in water the  ...(3)
g L
deaccelerate in air and again comes to rest at a point.
From figure
V=0
E
v
H
a1 a2 h2 
h h B A
t
h1
In liquid In In air
D C
ma1  B  Mg a2  g (downwards)
L
VDa1  Vdg  VDg BE h2  h1
tan    ... (4)
d  AB L
a1    1 g (upwards) From (3) and (4)
 D 
Distance covered by acceleration a1 is s1 h2  h1 a
tan   
Distance covered by retardation a2 is s2 L g
Then a1s1  a2 s2
a
  tan 1  
d 
  1 gh  gs2 g
D 
10.
d 
S 2  H    1 h
D 
9.
E
A
B
h2
h1 M wg  Mc g  B
D C

L
Suppose there is a horizontal cylinder of length L.
Suppose it is made up of liquid, i.e.   
Suppose it cross-sectional area is A

P 2A P 1A

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions
11. Solving just like question no. 10, we get

Balancing the forces, M 1 g  M 2 g  B

14.
12. By Bernoulli’s principle, decrease in PE = increase in KE
1
 gh  v 2
2

15. Suppose density of cube = 

13.

16.

 20  103  9.8  (1.03  .2)  103  162.68 N  163 N

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I

17.

20. x = true weight of wax in air = mg

For metal piece
y  Mg  Vg

18.

x  ( z  y )  V ' g

21.

22.

19.

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions

23. 25.

By A1 x1  A2 x2

26.

27.

24.

28.

     Mg  B

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I
Body has tendency to sink. It cannot rise by itself. External Alternative:
agent lift body by applying force. By a1t1  a1t2
Fext  Mg  B  Vg  Vg
2h
Work done by external agent g  a 2t 2
g
= Fext  h  (mg  B )h  V (  ) gh  U
Potential energy of system increases, if external agent does Acceleration in liquid
(+ve) work. D   Dd 
a2  g   1  g  
Note: Wsystem = U d   d 
Wexternal = U h
2h  Dd 
29. g g  t2
g  d  S2

 d  2h
t2   
 Dd  g
32.
D A

h a

C B
l
PB  PA  hg ... (1)
PC  PB  la ....(2)
30. (1) + (2)
PB  PA  PC  PB  hg  la

PC  PA  hg  la
31.
Point “C” is not a depth “h” and distance “l” from front wall.
Point “A” highest point take is lightly closed
PA = 0
PC  hg  l0
33.

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions

34.

37.
35.  l  b  FB  Mg
 body has tendency to move upwards.
Fnet  FB  Mg  Vl g  Vb g
Fnet  V (l   B ) g
Body is rising upwards upto he “h”
Wsystem  ( Fnet )h  V (l   B ) gh

Also Wsystem   U
If work done by system is +ve, then potential energy of system
decreases.
[ Note: Gravitational potential energy “mgh” in this case is
increasing but to increase in height but potential energy is a
decreasing as work is done by system]. i.e. half height is in air..
2
U  Wsystem  V (l   B ) gh

 potential energy decreases by V ( l  b ) gh

36.

38.

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 Physics (XI)-Solutions Fluid M echanics-I

39.

43.

40. Here, at maximum elongation

B  T  mg Vdg = B
Vdg  Kx  mg
T = Kx
m
dg  Kx  mg
D
mg  d  mg
x 1 
K  D
41. Net force due to liquid = Buoyant force
FL  FH  PL AL  PH AH  B
AL  Area at lowest point
PH  Pressure at highest point due to liquid
FL  PH AH  Vg

FL  hg R2  V g

FL  hgR 2  Vg 44.

FL  g (R 2 h  V )
Force by liquid at lowest point.
42.

45. When coin is dropped block will rise upwards because it has
been unloades, now because block has risen volume immersed
will be lesser. Coin will displace some water but this amount
of water will be lesser than the volume which is free now.
Hence, liquid level will fall (immersed volume is decreased).
Hence h and l both decreases.

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 Fluid M echanics-I Physics (XI)-Solutions

46.

18