Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Revision: 00
Other remarks:
Other Comments:
- Please submit static load test method statement.
- Pile dynamic test method of statement is accepted subject to pile testing plan approval.
FOR CLIENT/ENGINEER
Name: AYMAN KOLKO Reference:
METHOD STATEMENT
HIGH STRAIN DYNAMIC TESTING
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. SCOPE
This test method covers the procedure for High Strain Dynamic testing of Piles to determine the force
and velocity response of the pile to an impact force applied axially by a pile driving hammer that will
cause a large strain impact to the top of the pile.
This test method is used to provide data on strain or force and acceleration, velocity or displacement
of a pile under impact force. The data are used to estimate the bearing capacity and the integrity of
the pile, as well as pile stresses and soil dynamics characteristics.
Dynamic testing involves attaching two strain transducers and two accelerometers to the pile
approximately 1.5 pile diameters below the pile head during initial driving or at a convenient location
during restrike testing. An impact hammer or a heavy, guided block is dropped onto the specially
prepared pile head. The generated compression wave travels down the pile and reflects from the pile
toe upward. The waves, which are picked up by the sensors, are processed and automatically stored
in the field by the computer. The data can be easily retrieved for further review, graphical
presentations or reporting.
4. STANDARD REQUIREMENT
- Test to be carried out not less than 7 days from pile age.
- Test must be carried out of 5% as per authority requirements.
5. FREQUENCY
Procedure and frequency of the High Strain Dynamic testing shall be as per project specification and
structural drawings.
6. APPARATUS
7. TEST PERSONNEL
The field testing is performed by an experienced technician with at least 1-year experience in pile
testing.
8. TEST PROCEDURE
6.1 General - Applicable project information shall be reviewed and recorded prior to test, including
soil boring logs, pile installation records and concrete properties.
1. Make a new page which creates a new file for the pile.
2. Enter data for project, pile name, Area, Length (Length below sensors to pile bottom),
Damping Parameter (JC), Sampling frequency, Specific Weight and Wave Speed.
ARAB CENTER FOR ENGINEERING STUDIES
DUBAI, U.A.E.
Ref. No. : MS-038(P-48/2023)
METHOD STATMENT
Issue No. : 6
Rev. No. : 0
Review Date : 21/06/2023
HIGH STRAIN DYNAMIC TESTING OF PILES Page : 5 of 9
Approved by : Eng. Mohammed
Shatnawi
The test piles must be excavated to a depth to fix the sensors at minimum of 1.5 times of pile diameter.
Top surface of the Pile cap must be flat and level. Use plywood or appropriate layer as hammer
cushion.
Two sensors for strain and two accelerometers are connected to the side of the pile at 1.5 pile
diameters below the top, opposite to each other by mounting blocks with threaded holes.
Prepare pile by drilling holes about 1.5 to 2 pile diameters below top (2 holes per strain transducer
and 1 hole per accelerometer).
Gages shall be attached by the testing Engineer to the pile in a secure manner as to prevent slippage
under impact. The transducers shall be placed, diametrically opposite and on equal radial distances,
at the same axial distance from the bottom of the pile so that the measurements compensate for
bending of the pile. The typical arrangements are shown below;
Position the hammer in such a manner that the pile top and hammer bottom are parallel during impact
so that the force is applied axially and concentrically with the pile and to make as uniform contact
stress as possible during the test. Set up the apparatus for recording, reducing, and displaying data so
that it is operational and the force and velocity signals are zeroed.
First drop height should be minimal to allow the testing Engineer to assess the testing equipment, the
driving system and pile stresses. Subsequent impacts can then be applied by utilizing higher drop
heights.
6.5.1 The total travel time of the wave can be calculated by the formula
Time t = 2L / C
For piles with variable cross section reflections occur at the interfaces of the segments with different
properties ie. reflections occur before 2L / C. Also, resistance forces and the pile end cause reflection
waves which travel upwards. In the analysis propagation of both upwards and downwards traveling
waves is tracked.
6.5.2 Obtain force and velocity from the display apparatus. Record the impact force and velocity and
the maximum and minimum forces for the selected representative blows. Obtain the maximum
acceleration directly from the accelerometer signal or by differentiation of the velocity versus time
record. Obtain the displacement from the pile driving record by integration of the velocity versus
time record. Obtain the maximum energy transferred to the location of the transducers.
6.5.3 The recorded data is subjected to analysis in a computer. The results of the analysis include an
assessment of integrity of the pile, and the maximum dynamic driving stresses. The results may also
be used for evaluation of static soil resistance and its distribution on the pile at the time of the testing.
Such further use of the data is a matter of proper engineering judgment.
Dynamic Pile Monitoring with the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and Dynamic Load Testing with the
PDA and CAPWAP (Case Pile Wave Analysis Program) are both High Strain Dynamic Testing
procedures. The pile driving hammers or drop weights used to perform these tests cause high strains
in the piles.
The Pile Driving Analyzer testing analyzers use wave propagation theory to compute numerous
variables that fully describe the condition of the hammer-pile-soil system in real time, following each
hammer impact. This approach allows the verification pile capacity.
The force is computed by multiplying the measured signals from a pair of strain transducers attached
near the top of the pile by the pile area and modules. The velocity measurement is obtained by
integrating signals from a pair of accelerometers also attached near the top of the pile. Strain
transducers and accelerometers are connected to the Pile Driving Analyzer that internally performs
all the necessary signal conditioning and processing to obtain output results.
Soil resistance computed by the PDA includes both static and viscous components. The static
component is a function of a soil parameter called the Damping Factor, which is related to soil grain
size. The damping factor is an input to the PDA.
Another technique that evolved from Smith’s approach of modeling the wave propagation theory of
pile driving is the Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP) which is a numerical analysis
procedure to solve for soil resistance parameters from the derived force and velocity. The CAPWAP
results are based on the “best possible match” between the computed and the measured wave up
curves. To compute forces (or velocities or wave values) at the pile top, pile and soil are modeled
mathematically and an algorithm that allows for a step by step computation of all pile variables along
the pile length is followed. The pile is divided in to number of segments of uniform cross section
with approximately 1m length and soil resistances are assigned to every embedded pile segment to
model the shaft friction and the end bearing.
In the CAPWAP the soil model consists of an elasto - plastic spring and a linear dashpot. The
extended CAPWAP soil resistance model is shown in below figure;
CAPWAP combines field measurements (obtained with the PDA) and wave-equation type analytical
procedures to predict soil behavior including static-load capacity, soil resistance distribution, soil
damping and quake values, pile load versus movement plots, and pile soil load transfer characteristics.
The employment of PDA field measurements in conjunction with CAPWAP analysis defines what is
known as Dynamic Load Testing and estimates.
11. REFERENCES
• ASTM D 4945-12 - Standard Test Method for High Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles.
ARAB CENTER FOR ENGINEERING STUDIES
DUBAI, U.A.E.
Ref. No. : MS-038(P-48/2023)
METHOD STATMENT
Issue No. : 6
Rev. No. : 0
Review Date : 21/06/2023
HIGH STRAIN DYNAMIC TESTING OF PILES Page : Appendix A
Approved by : Eng. Mohammed
Shatnawi
Appendix A:
Risk Assessment
GRAN MELIA HOTEL AT LAMER, DUBAI, UAE / AJ7410
HAZARD & ASPECT IDENTIFICATION AND RISK REGISTER
HIGH STRAIN DYNAMIC HAMMER TEST
HSE Advisor Responsible Area Supervisor / Work Supervisor Consultation (Work group Rep)
Testing Personnel
►Identified Load must be lifted to a safe working radius & crane capacity
Lifting Crew
►Use higher rated crane to perform the task
Tipping off the crane Major to Fatality Testing Witness Non-Routine 3 5 15 1 5 5 Project Team
►Ensure that all the limit switches of the crane is functional
Operatives close to
►Operator never to by pass the limit switch mechanisms
the testing area
Testing Personnel ►Stop all activities close to the testing area
Lifting Crew ►Ensure test area is barricaded and signages posted as per the crane working
Numerous numbers of
Major to Fatality Testing Witness Non-Routine 3 5 15 radius or more 1 5 5 Project Team
operatives close to the test
Operatives close to ►Limit the number of operatives at the test location and ensure to keep adequate
the testing area distance
Testing Personnel
►Ensure that Lift Plan had identified the intended loads and the lifting appliances
Lifting Crew
Crane not designed to and accessories to be used for the lifting, rigging, slinging
Major to Fatality Testing Witness Non-Routine 3 5 15 1 5 5 Project Team
perform the task ►Crane to be used to perform the task must be appropriate
Operatives close to
►Operator should and must have experience in performing the task (free fall)
the testing area
►Crane to be used to perform the task must be appropriate and capacity
Testing Personnel ►Operator should & must have experience in performing the task (free fall)
Lifting Crew ►Operator should be alert and aware of the working conditions and perform
Property Damage
Fall of dynamic hammer Testing Witness Non-Routine 3 5 15 emergency procedures if situation warrants 1 5 5 Project Team
Major to Fatality
Operatives close to ►Free fall should be in controlled manner not letting the hoist too loose and not
the testing area too tight which might cause dynamic impact resulting to jerking of the crane hook
and ropes
►Lifting plan to be followed
►MSRA Communication must be conducted addressing the identified hazards
and risk in performing the task and to carry out preventive and protective control
Test Proper
measures to mitigate the hazards and risks
O6 Releasing of Dynamic hammer
►All Machineries and lifting gears are to be 3rd party certified and valid and must
over the concrete pile
be checked
►Operator shall have valid driving license and 3rd party certification
Testing Personnel ►All Rigger shall have valid 3rd party certification and well experience
Lifting Crew ►All lifting gears are to be of rated capacity against the intended load
Property Damage
Failure of Lifting gear Testing Witness Non-Routine 3 5 15 ►All lifting gears to be inspected prior its use and any identified defective must be 1 5 5 Project Team
Major to Fatality
Operatives close to immediately remove from service
the testing area ►At any case no operatives shall be underneath
►Lift the load as low as possible
►Pinch Points must be avoided - never place hand underneath the suspended
load instead use a tool
►Never keep the load suspended for too long instead lower and lay down on the
ground to minimize stress / tension on the slings
►Use tagline to control the load
►Lifting supervisor to ensure strict compliance
Testing Personnel ►All operatives shall be kept away from the testing area with adequate distance
Noise after impact of Lifting Crew ►Noise survey shall be conducted where test personnels are situated and report
dynamic hammer over the Ill health Testing Witness Non-Routine 3 3 9 shall be provided for assessment and evaluation and if reading exceeds the 1 3 3 Project Team
pile Operatives close to Permissible Exposure Limit appropriate hearing protection with sufficient NRR
the testing area rating shall be use.
Severity
Probability Severity
Insignificant (1) Minor (2) Moderate (3) Major (4) Catastrophic (5)
Rare (1) Insignificant / First Aid Case (1) 1 2 3 4 5
Possible (2) Minor / Less 3 Days / Illness (2) 2 4 6 8 10
Likely (3) Moderate / Plus 3 Days / Illness (3) 3 6 9 12 15
Often (4) Major / Permanent Disability / Illness (4) 4 8 12 16 20
Frequent (5) Catastrophic / Fatality (5) 5 10 15 20 25
15-25 Extreme Risk • Absolutely Unacceptably High • Activity should not proceed in current form
8-12 High Risk • Unacceptably High • Activity should be modified to include remedial planning and action and be subject to detailed HSE assessment
4-6 Moderate Risk Activity can operate subject to management and/or modification.
1-3 Low Risk No action required. Unless escalation of risk is possible