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Jbsusuc [`lndnb [nanh [ntu [ynrnt Pctum F`c`fpuh M`auausnc Wnjn Wridnf
Wrnmtbm M`ren Anpncdnc [FMC < Znsbmfnanyn
Ia`h 5
H@CJB H@\JBNC
>>4<72?8
XB ZME >
A@FLN\ W@CD@[NHNC
WBHNM [@MIANH
Zncddna 5 ...............................................
Ia`h 5
F`cd`tnhub 5
A@FLN\ W@CD@[NHNC
WBHNM JP/JB
Zncddna 5 ...............................................
Ia`h 5
A@FLN\ W@CD@[NHNC
WBHNM W@CDPEB
Zncddna 5 ...............................................
Ia`h 5
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MNZN W@CDNCZN\
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W`cyusuc
JNOZN\ B[B
haf.
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W@CD@[NHNC WBHNM [@MIANH [@MIANH ...................
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A@FLN\ W@CD@[NHNC
W@CD@[NHNC WBHNM JP/JB................... .......... ...................
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W@CD@[NHNC WBHNM W@CDPEB.................. ........ ...................
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MNZN W@CDNCZN\ ......................................................................................... vbb
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JNOZN \ DNFLN\
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JNOZN\ ZNL@A ................................................................................................ xb
JNOZN\ ANFWB\NC ........................................................................................ xbb
LNL B W@CJNHPAPNC
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>.0 F`tij` W`cdufpuanc Jntn......................
Jntn............ ...................
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>.? Tnmtu jnc Z`fpnt W`anmsncnnc W`anmsncnnc ...................
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LNL BB DNFLN\NC PFPF W@\P[NHNNC W@\P[NHNNC ..................
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LNL BBB MNEBNC WP[ZNMN ..................
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LNL B_ W@FLNHN[NC ...................................................................................... 8
:.> W`rsbnpnc...................
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:.< Bfpa`f`ctnsb M`s`anfntnc M`s`anfntnc M`ren...................
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:.; Jbndrnf Nabr M`dbntnc ...................
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:.: Wris`s W`cd`rennc
W`cd`rennc ..................
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:.0 Ncnabsn Hnsba W`cd`rennc ................... ......... ...................
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LNL _ W@CPZPW ............................................................................................. >7
0.> M`sbfpuanc ...................
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0.< [nrnc
[nrnc ................................
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JNOZN\ WP[ZNMN.......................................................................................... ><
JNOZN\ ANFWB\NC ........................................................................................ >:
haf.
Dnflnr >. Naur Fij`a W`fl`anenrnc
W`fl`anenrnc Zntnp Fumn
Fumn .........
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JNOZN\ ZNL@A
haf.
Znl`a >. W`tn Mifp`t`csb
Mifp`t`csb W`jndidb..................
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Znl`a <. Jnotnr A`flnr M`ren Fijua .................................................................... 4
Anfpbrnc...
LNL B
W@CJNHPAPNC
Wrnm`rbc ntnu Wrnmtbm M`ren Bcjustrb jbanmsncnmnc uctum f`antbh jnc f`fl`rbmnc
p`cdnenrnc m`pnjn sbswn jnanf Jucbn Bcjustrb ntnu Jucbn Psnhn yncd r`a`vnc
t`rmnbt mifp`t`csb m`nhabnc fnsbcd fnsbcd. [`anbc btu prnm`rbc eudn l`rtueunc
uctum f`fl`rbmnc l`mna bafu jnanf jucbn m`ren ndnr jbfnsn f`cjntncd pnrn
sbswn jnpnt l`rsnbcd jnanf jucbn bcjustrb yncd s`fnmbc m`tnt s`p`rtb snnt bcb,
uctum f`fp`rsbnpmnc sbswn ndnr f`fbabmb m`fnfpunc t`mcbs j`cdnc wnwnsnc
yncd auns jnc oa`msbl`a jb `rn m`fneunc t`mciaidb jnc bafu p`cd`tnhunc,
f`cbcdmntmnc futu jnanf [`mianh F`c`cdnh M`eurunc ([FM), s`rtn f`cdnsnh
>.< Zueunc
Wnjn lndbnc bcb l`rbsb t`ctncd tueunc p`fluntnc anpirnc ntnu tueunc p`cy`a`snbnc
fnsnanh.
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L`rbsbmnc ancdmnh‛ancdmnh
‛ancdmnh yncd nmnc jbt`fpuh jnanf m`dnbntnc p`cdufpuanc
jntn s`anfn p`anmsncnnc WMA.
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L`rbsb wnmtu W`rbij` WMA / m`t`rncdnc wnmtu m`dbntnc rutbc s`tbnp hnrb jnc
l`rbsbmnc jntn t`fpnt / aimnsb p`anmsncnnc WMA s`rtn aimnsb anbccyn yncd f`cenjb
p`cjumucd WMA yncd jbanmumnc.
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LNL BB
DNFLN\NC PFPF W@\P[NHNNC
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LNL BBB
MNEBNC WP[ZNMN
Wnjn LNL BB bcb L`rbsb \`o`r`csb FNZ@\B yncd L@\MNBZNC j`cdnc Eujua Anpirnc
(Ancjnsnc Z`irb). Kictih cyn 5 Mnanu Eujua Anpirnccyn \NCKNCD LNCDPC
EN\BCDNC D@JPCD / MNCZI\, pnstb p`ce`ansnc
p`ce`ansnc r`o`r`csb fnt`rbcyn l`rmnbtnc
j`cdnc Zipiaidb Enrbcdnc, Nant Enrbcdnc,
Enrbcdnc, W`cdmnl`anc, BW Njjr`ss,
Njjr`ss, jaa.
F`cdunsnb
l`anenr jnc t`irb
prbcsbp- <.>
t`irbF`fnhnfb
l`anenr jncl`rlndnb
prbcsbp- <.>.> F`ce`ansmnc
l`rlndnb t`irb l`anenr
prbcsbp prbcsbp p`fl`anenrnc yncd
p`fl`anenrnc yncd f`cjbjbm t`rmnbt j`cdnc
<.>.< F`cy`lutmnc
f`cjbjbm. fntn p`anenrnc yncd
prbcsbp-prbcsbp
jbnfpu.
p`fl`anenrnc
<.>.; F`flncjbcdmnc
l`rlndnb t`irb l`anenr
<.>.: F`flncjbcdmnc
prbcsbp-prbcsbp
p`fl`anenrnc
Mij`
Ci Cnfn AM M`t`rncdnc
AM
M`t`rncdnc.
LNL B_
W@FLNHN[NC
:.> W`rsbnpnc
Wnjn LNL BBB bcb l`rbsb [bst`fntbmn/Prutnc Wris`s W`cd`rennc Nsab /s`sunb \`nabtn
yncd jbanmumnc jb JP/JB yncd l`rmnbtnc j`cdnc EPJPA ANWI\NC.
Fbsnamnc njn nant jnc lnhnc yncd jbp`raumnc. Lbsn jluntmnc jnanf tnl`a, j`cdnc
f`cknctufmnc Cnfn Nant & Lnhnc, [p`sbobmnsb, Eufanh).
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L`rbsb t`ctncd 5 pibc pibc m`s`anfntnc m`ren yd p`rau jbp`rhntbmnc pnjn snnt
f`anmumnc p`m`rennc t`rs`lut.
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L`rbsb bcoirfnsb hnsba ncnabsn jnrb npn yncd jbm`renmnc, fbsna l`rupn m`sbfpuanc
ntnu tbcdmnt m`l`rhnsbanc jnc m`t`rknpbnnc p`m`rennc yncd jbanmumnc.
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LNL _
W@CPZPW
0.> M`sbfpuanc
Lndbnc bcb f`cdurnbmnc s`knrn rbckb hnsba nmhbr m`dbntnc yncd jbanmumnc s`anfn
p`anmsncnnc WMA. Hna-hna yncd jbsbfpuamnc hnrus r`a`vnc j`cdnc bj`ctbobmnsb
fnsnanh jnc tueunc p`fluntnc anpirnc yncd s`l`aufcyn t`anh yncd jburnbmnc
pnjn Lnl B.
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0.< [nrnc
Lndbnc bcb jbm`fumnmnc snrnc ntnu fnsumnc ntnu hnrnpnc lnbm, lndb pbhnm-pbhnm
yncd f`f`raumnc (s`mianh fnupuc pbhnm JP/JB) fnupuc lndb pnrn p`cyusuc
s`anceutcyn yncd t`rtnrbm f`cd`flncdmnc anpirnc p`anmsncnnc WMA.
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JNOZN\ WP[ZNMN
Jnotnr pustnmn l`rbsb s`fun pustnmn yncd jbducnmnc jnanf f`cybnpmnc jnc
f`cy`a`snbmnc
f`cy`a`snbm nc anpirnccyn. [`fun pustnmn y
yncd
ncd t`rknctuf
t`rknct uf pnjn jnotnr pustnmn
hnrus l`cnr-l`cnr jbrueum jnanf p`cuabsnc anpirnc. Jnotnr pustnmn t`rjbrb ntns
fnmnanh, lumu yncd jbt`rlbtmnc, yncd ufufcyn jnpnt jbt`fumnc jb p`rpustnmnnc,
ntnu jnpnt eudn l`rupn w`lsbt` bct`rc`t. [ufl`r-sufl`r jbfunt jnanf jnotnr
pustnmn jbusnhnmnc l`rnsna jnrb pustnmn yncd pnabcd futnmhbr.
W`cuabsnc
Dujncdabcux [hip. (>2 Eucb <7>;), Nst`rbsm
Nst`rbsm,, jbp`ria`h <2 [`pt`fl`r <7>: enf
72577, jnrb http5//dujncdabcux.kif/daissn
http5//dujncdabcux.kif/daissnry/nst`rbsm
ry/nst`rbsm
Anfpbrnc jnpnt t`rjbrb ntns l`l`rnpn lunh. Anfpbrnc jnpnt f`funt m`t`rncdnc
tnflnhnc. [`tbnp anfpbrnc jbl`rb cifir yncd l`rupn ncdmn >, <, ;, ntnu huruo
mnpbtna nlenj Antbc N, L, K, … jnc s`t`ruscyn. Anfpbrnc jbjnhuaub ia`h sntu
hnanfnc yncd hncyn f`funt mntn ANFWB\NC jb t`cdnh hnanfnc. Hnanfnc bcb
tbjnm jbl`rb cifir.
Anfpbrnc jnpnt l`rupn tnl`a, dnflnr, oiti-oiti Jbspany JP/JB ntnu Any-Iut
t`fpnt prnm`rbc, oiti-oiti m`dbntnc prnmtbm, jnc anbc anbc.