Ijbtnb`aj

=. [MSOMFMQ.............................................................................................................................9
=.= [jfït`im
imss Lnb
Lnbnrnrmf
mfns
ns.........................................................................................................9
3. [SJCFNOMQ@IM...................................................................................................................1
3.= Imbmf Mutj vnbtm.............................................................................................................1
3.3 Imbmf [ [rrnvnbtm................................................................................................................1
3.9
3.9 Mflu
Mflubj
bjss msp
mspnit
nitjs
js an fm fm prj
prjcf cfno
noít ít`i`imm onb
onbi` i`jb
jbmam
mam55..................................................>
9. Ms
Mspn
pnit
itjs
js Ifmv
Ifmvns
ns an fm [rjcf
[rjcfno noít ít`i`imm..................................................................................>
9.= Ompm a an
np pn
nbs
bsmmo`nbtj....................................................................................................4
1. [fmb
[fmbtn
tnmo
mo`n`nbt
btjj an pj
pjs`
s`cf
cfns
ns Y Yjfjfui
ui`j`jbn
bnss..............................................................................<
1.=
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1.9 (FNPAPY OMSINFM A@MU T@FFMA@NLJ)..................................................................0
1.1 (QMB@M HMQGNS@BN SJIGM G^NYJ)....................................................................=;
>. Nf mf
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=. [MSOMFMQ

[mromfmt sn gm nbimrlmaj an mf`onbtmr m fjs ijfjoc`mbjs ijb prjauitjs smfuamcfns

an mftm imf`ama ansan =00>.

Gjy fm noprnsm iunbtm ijb =.9;; ijfmcjrmajrns a`rnitjs, rnijln oís an 3;;
o`ffjbns an f`trjs an fnign mf mýj an a`dnrnbtns zjbms anf pmïs y t`nbn `bstmfmams >

pfmbtms an prjauii`ùb ana`imams m fm dmcr`imi`ùb an fnign fïqu`am, fnign nb pjfvj,

yjlurns, irnom an fnign y pjstrns.

=.
=.== [j
[jfï
fït`
t`im
imss Lnbn
Lnbnrm
rmfn
fnss

Tnbtms5 Ns `opjrtmbtn ombtnbnr fjs `bvnbtmr`js nfnvmajs y a`spjb`cfns pmrm

gminr drnbtns m fms nx`lnbi`ms y imoc`js anf onrimaj.

[rjauii`ùb5 Yn bnins`tmb ombtnbnr nfnvmajs y mitumf`zmajs fjs `bvnbtmr`js

an omtnr`ms pr`oms, puns nstíb lmrmbt`zmb fm nd`i`nbi`m nb fm dmcr`imi`ùb, y ubm

cmsn an prjauitjs tnro`bmajs pmrm nstmc`f`zmr fjs b`vnfns an prjauii`ùb.

Ijoprms5 Fms ijoprms mf pjr omyjr o`b`o`zmb fjs ijstjs pjr ub`ama y fjs
lmstjs an ijoprms m b`vnf lnbnrmf.

D`bmbi`mi`ùb5 Fjs `bvnbtmr`js rnaui`ajs o`b`o`zmb fms bnins`amans an

`bvnrs`ùb y a`so`buynb fjs ijstjs an ombtnbnr `bvnbtmr`js.

3. [SJCFNOMQ@IM

[mromfmt, anbtrj an sus ifmsns an vnbtm an fjs iumfns bjs inbtrmrnojs nb ajs an

sus imbmfns an a`str`cui`ùb y tnb`nbaj nb iunbtm fm prjcfnoít`im qun sn prnsnbtm ns

`opjrtmbtn mifmrmr qun ub imbmf nstí mdnitmbaj mf jtrj, nb nf prnsnbtn ajiuonbtj

ansir`c`rnojs pjr quà sn prjauin nstm mdnitmi`ùb y msï rnmf`zmrnojs ub nbdjqun m fm

sjfui`ùb
sjfui`ùb y onejrm
onejrmo`nbt
o`nbtj
j anf onrimaj rnmf`z
rnmf`zmbaj
mbaj fm `bvnst
`bvnst`lmi`ù
`lmi`ùb
b an nstm prjcfnoít
prjcfnoít`im
`im

snlõb fjs s`lu`nbtns mspnitjs an imam imbmf an a`str`cui`ùb.

3.=
3.= Im
Imbm
bmff Mut
Mutj vnbt
vnbtmm

Mutj vnbtm sjb tnrinrjs qun ijbtrmtm [mromfmt nstjs ijoprmb m fm ijopmýïm pmrm

vnbanr nb fms o`soms zjbms qun nf pnrsjbmf a`rnitj ijbtrmtmaj pjr [mromfmt vnban nb
prnvnbtm, nstj `ba`im qun ijopmrtnb ub o`soj tnrr`tjr`j.

Fm ijoprm qun fjs tnrinrjs rnmf`zmb ns ouigj oís nijbùo`ims ym qun tjaj nf tnom

fjlïst`ij
fjlïst`ij fj iucrnb fjs o`sojs tnrinrjs y nstj gmin qun nffjs tmoc`àb
tmoc`àb vnbamf mf if`nb
if`nbtn
tn

pjr ub vmfjr oís nijbùo`ij.

3.3 Imbmf [r
[rnv
nvnb
nbttm

Nstn imbmf an fm [rnvnbtm nspniïd`imonbtn sn rnmf`zm mf if`nbtn ijb prni`js oís

nfnvmajs, ym qun anbtrj an fjs ijstjs maqu`r`ajs sn nbiunbtrm nf pmlj an fm bùo`bm anf

pnrsjbmf qun rnmf`zm nstm prnvnbtm y pjr nstj fjs nbimrlmajs an nstjs smfmr`js ns

a`rnitmonbtn fm ijopmýïm, anbtrj an nstjs ijstjs tmoc`àb sn t`nbnb nb iunbtm fjs

tnoms fjlïst`ijs y an onrimanj qun rnmf`zm nf pnrsjbmf ijbtrmtmaj.

 Yn an
ancn
cn tnbn
tnbnrr nb iunb
iunbtm
tm qun
qun nstm
nstm pr
prnv
nvnb
nbtm
tm qun
qun rn
rnmf
mf`z
`zm
m nf pn
pnrs
rsjb
jbmf
mf mb
mbtn
tnss

onbi`jbmaj ns v`s`tmbaj fms o`soms zjbms v`s`tmams pjr fm Mutj vnbtm. [mromfmt

neniutm
neniutm a`dnrn
a`dnrnbtns
btns prjoji`j
prjoji`jbns
bns snlõb fm anomba
anombam
m an fm noprnsm y nstn snrïm nf õb`ij

pubtj an a`dnrnbi`m ijb fm Mutj vnbtm.

3.9 Mfl
Mflubj
ubjss mspnit
mspnitjs
js an
an fm p
prjc
rjcfno
fnoít`
ít`im
im onbi
onbi`jb
`jbmam5
mam5

 Ansijbji`o`nbtj an fm v`s`ùb y fm o`s`ùb an fm noprnsm

 Dmftm an ijoprjo`sj an fjs nopfnmajs ijb nf jcent`vj sji`mf an fm noprnsm

 Ijbtrmtmi`ùb an ombj an jcrm bj imf`d`imam

 Omfm mtnbi`ùb mf pucf`ij

 Nvms`ùb an `opunstjs

 Dmftm an pfmbnmi`ùb

 Dmftm an ijbtrjf an `bvnbtmr`js (`bvnbtmr`js, gjrmr`js, dubi`jbns, nti.)

9. MY[N
MY[NIQ
IQJY
JY IFMT
IFMTNY
NY A
AN
N FM [S
[SJC
JCFN
FNOÍ
OÍQ@
Q@IM
IM

 Qnbnr ajs imbmfns an a`str`cui`ùb nb fms o`soms zjbms.

 Jdrninr vmfjrns a`dnrnbtns an fjs prjauitjs ub imbmf oís nijbùo`ij qun nf

jtrj.

 Jdrninr fjs o`sojs prjauitjs

 Bj iuopf`r ijb fjs pna`ajs pmitmajs pjr nf imbmf an [rnvnbtm m fjs if`nbtns

qun rnmf`zmb nf pna`aj m fjs vnbanajrns.

 [nreua`imr fm `omlnb an fm noprnsm ijb fjs `biuopf`o`nbtjs qun sn prnsnbtmb

nb fm nbtrnlm an fjs pna`ajs qun sn gminb m vnbanajrns.

9.=
9.= Om
Ompm
pm an pnbs
pnbsmo
mo``nbtj
nbtj

Nb fm ijbinptumf`zmi`ùb snlõb `omlnb maeubtm pjanojs `anbt`d`imr nb fj pfmsomaj

qun gmy ubm ajcfn a`str`cui`ùb y ubm o`som dubi`ùb nb ijba`i`jbns a`d
a`dnrnbtns
nrnbtns an vnbtm

y nb ub o`soj tnrr`tjr`j, nstm ns ub prjcfnoít`im qun pmsm nb fm mitumf`ama, anc`aj m

nstj manoís an rni`c`r onbjs `blrnsjs fm `omlnb an fm ijopmýïm [mromfmt nstí

pjb`nbaj nb eunlj su `omlnb m pnsmr an snr ubm noprnsm tmb lrmban y rnijbji`am y

ijb ubm lrmb trmynitjr`m.

 1. [FM
[FMBQN
BQNMO@
MO@NBQ
NBQJ
JAAN
N[[JY@
JY@CFN
CFNY
YYYJF^
JF^I@J
I@JBNY
BNY

1.= (EN
(ENYY@
YY@IM
IM B@P@SN
B@P@SNQG
QG OMQ
OMQMFF
MFFMBM
MBM OMSSJ]
OMSSJ]^@B
^@B))

 ºAn quà ombnrm pjarïmojs sjfui`jbmr fm prjcfnoít`im an mljtmajs y dmftm an

`bvnbtmr`js an nstm noprnsm an fíitnjs:

[mrm fm mitumf`ama sn ancn ombnemr ub g`stjr`mf an ijoprms a`mr`ms , onbsumfns y

mbumfns, an imam imbmf an a`str`cui`ùb nbdjiíbajbjs, nb fm pfmbnmi`ùb an prjauii`ùb

qun sn ancn ombnemr snombmfonbtn, ym qun ub prjauitj fíitnj t`nbn trns onsns an

aurmc`f`ama, fj iumf pjanojs rnmf`zmr pmrm mimcmr fm prjcfnoít`im an dmftm an `bvnbtmr`js

ns muonbtmr nf prnsupunstj, sn rnv`smrïm fm v`mc`f`ama an pmrmr mflõb t`pj an prjauii`ùb

nb fms oíqu`bms an ub prjauii`ùb qun bj tnblm fm rjtmi`ùb nspnrmam pmrm prjaui`r

oís, an fj qun fm anombam nstí rnqu`r`nbaj.

 ºFm
ºFm iu
iumrn
mrnbt
btnbm
nbm rnt
rntrms
rmsmrï
mrïm
m fm prj
prjaui
auii`
i`ùb
ùb an
anff `b
`bvn
vnbt
btmr`
mr`j
j nb st
stji
jihh qu
qun
n sn

prntnban ansmrrjffmr:

Y`, fm iumrnbtnbm ns ubj an fjs prjcfnoms omyjrns qun sn ancn tnbnr nb iunbtm m fm

gjrm an ombnemr nf prjauitj nb stjih, ym qun s` ub prjauitj, bj iuopfn ijb i`nrtjs

pmrío
pmríont
ntrjs
rjs bj pu
puna
nan
n sm
smf`f`rr mf onri
onrima
maj,
j, pjr nb
nban
an fm sj
sjfu
fui`
i`ùb
ùb oí
oíss dmit
dmit`c
`cfn
fn sn
snr`
r`m
m

muonbt
muonbtmr
mr fm prja
prjauii`
uii`ùb
ùb an ium
iumrnbt
rnbtnbm
nbm pmrm qun sn f`cnr
f`cnrn
n ubm lrm
lrmb
b prjauii`ù
prjauii`ùb
b an

`bvnbtmr`j o`nbtrms sn ombnem nf snombmf maniumaj an mcmstni`o`nbtj.

1.
1.33 (O
(OJB
JB@I
@IM
M MF
MFNW
NWMB
MBAS
ASM
M IG@T
IG@TMQ
MQM
M SJEM
SJEMY)
Y)

 ºIùoj nv`tmr qun fjs pna`ajs ffnlunb `bijopfntjs m imam if`nbtn an fms
Tnbtms rnmf`zmams pjr fm [rnvnbtm:

M pnsmr an qun nstj anpnban ouigj an fm prjauii`ùb tmoc`àb ns `opjrtmbtn rnmf`zmr

ub prnsupunstj an vnbtms n `bvnbtmr`j, s` c`nb ns i`nrtj qun nffjs ym t`nbnb sus

`ba`imajrns an vnbtms n `bvnbtmr`js, ifmrmonbtn nstj nstí mdnitmbaj fms vnbtms anf

imbmf prnvnbtm y ma`i`jbmfonbtn sn punan nstmr pnra`nbaj a`bnrj ym qun sus `blrnsjs

bj nstíb s`nbaj rni`c`ajs snlõb fm anombam an fjs prjauitjs.

 Nb b`vnf an vnbtms vnrsus `bvnbtmr`j, ºiùoj sn pjarïmb lnbnrmr nstrmtnl`ms

pmrm ombtnbnr ub stjih sud`i`nbtn y msï bj pnranr vnbtms b` if`nbtns:

Fm onej
onejrr nstrmt
nstrmtnl`m
nl`m pmr
pmrm
m nstn t`t`pj
pj an prjc
prjcfnoít
fnoít`im
`im ns ouy `opjrt
`opjrtmbtn
mbtn rnmf
rnmf`zmr
`zmr ub

nstua`j
nstua`j an onrimajs, ubm nstrm
nstrmtnl`m
tnl`m nb su prjp`j pfmb an ansmrrjffj. [mrm ombtnbnr m

fjs if`nbtns y m fjs a`str`cu`ajrns smt`sdnigjs ym qun gmstm nf ojonbtj nstj bj gm tnb`aj

b`blubm onejr b` ombnrm an jrlmb`zmr y pfmbnmr bunvms gmc`f`amans pmrm tnbnr ubm

onejr
onejr pjs
pjs`c`
`c`f`a
f`ama
ma an jdrninr
jdrninr fjs prja
prjauit
uitjs
js oís jrlmb`z
jrlmb`zmam
mamonb
onbtn
tn y bj pjbnr
pjbnr ajs

imbmfns an vnbtm nb fjs o`sojs fulmrns ijb fjs o`sojs prjauitjs qun fjs ijbv`nrtn nb

ubm ijopntnbi`m pjr fm a`dnrnbi`m nb sus vmfjrns y fm omfm `omlnb qun fm noprnsm

pjarïm nstmr eulmbaj ijb su `omlnb ym qun fm ijopmýïm gm ana`imaj ouigm mtnbi`ùb m

irnmr prjauitjs vmr`majs pnrj bj nb sus nstrmtnl`ms an a`str`cui`ùb.

1.
1.99 (F
(FNP
NPAP
APY
Y OM
OMSI
SINF
NFM
M A@
A@MU
MU T
T@F
@FFM
FMA@
A@NL
NLJ)
J)

Yn mbmf`zm nf ijopjrtmo`nbtj anf `ba`imajr an mljtmajs an onrimbiïm ijoj fj sjb

fjs prjauitjs fíitnjs an [mromfmt

Ijb fm `bdjromi`ùb jctnb`am anf `ba`imajr sn prjpjbnb mii`jbns pmrm ijrrnl`r fms

s`tumi
s`tumi`jb
`jbns
ns nbijbt
nbijbtrmam
rmams,
s, ansm
ansmrrjf
rrjffmr
fmr pfm
pfmbns
bns an mii
mii`ùb
`ùb qun pnro
pnro`tm
`tmb
b a`s
a`so`b
o`bu`r
u`r fjs

b`vnfns an prjauitjs mljtmajs nb fjs pubtjs an vnbtm nb iumfqu`nrm an fjs ajs imbmfns

y an nstm djrom pjanr jdrninr mf ijbsuo`aj

ijbsuo`ajrr d`bmf ub cunb snrv`i`j y msï o`soj rnaui`r

fms vnbtms pàra`ams tmbtj pmrm fms noprnsms prjvnnajrms ijoj pmrm fjs tnbanrjs.

^bm an fms pjs`cfns nstrmtnl`ms y pfmbns an mii`ùb, sn nstmcfnin5

=. Maj
Majptm
ptmrr ub sjd
sjdtwm
twmrn
rn an lnst`ùb
lnst`ùb qun fn pnro
pnro`tm
`tm tmbtj
tmbtj m fjs an imb
imbmf
mf mut
mutj
j vnbtm y

prnv
prnvnb
nbttm, qu
qun
n ns
nsttn sn
snm
m a`sp
a`spjb
jb`c
`cffn8 às
àsttn bj
bjss pn
pnro
ro`t
`t``rí mu
mutj
tjo
omt`z
mt`zmr
mr fm

mao`b`strmi`ùb an ojv`o`nbtjs nb stjih, s`opf`d`imbaj nf prjinsj pmrm rnmf`zmr

iumfqu`nr t`pj an ojb`tjrnj y rnaui`r nrrjrns.

3. [mrm nbdrn
nbdrnbtm
btmrr nst
nstm
m prjc
prjcfno
fnoít`
ít`im
im nx`
nx`stn
stnb
b vmr`
vmr`ms
ms mftnrbm
mftnrbmt`v
t`vms,
ms, pr`on
pr`onrj
rj lnbnrmr
lnbnrmr

ombu
ombumf
mfns
ns an pr
prji
jina`
na`o`
o`nbt
nbtjs
js y pf
pfmb
mbns
ns an nbtr
nbtrnb
nbmo
mo`n
`nbt
btjs
js if
ifmrj
mrjss pmr
pmrm
m fm
fmss

pnrsjbms qun ansmrrjffmb nstm fmcjr y qun t`nbnb ub mftj ïba`in an rjtmi`ùb y

sn
snlu
lubaj
baj ln
lnbn
bnrm
rmrr pfmbn
pfmbnss an oj
ojt`t`vm
vmi`
i`ùb
ùb pm
pmrm
rm nf pnrs
pnrsjbm
jbmff an [m
[mro
romf
mfmt
mt qu
qun
n

prno`nb
prno`nb fm nd`i`
nd`i`nbi`m
nbi`m nb sus mit`v
mit`v`amans,
`amans, sn punan irnmr ub prjlrmom an fïanrns
fïanrns

an fm a`spjb`c`f`ama y prno`mr onbsumfonbtn fjs onejrns ansnopnýjs. Nstn t`pj

an prjlrmoms lnbnrm pnrtnbnbi`m m fm ijopmýïm y ojt`vmi`ùb pmrm ansmrrjffmr

fms fmcjrns.
 Nx`stnb vmr`ms imusmfns minrim an fm nbtrnlm an prjauitjs [mromfmt nb nspniïd`ij fjs

fíitnjs,
fíitnjs, pjr fj qun sn rnijo`
rnijo`nbam
nbam usmr fm tàib`i
tàib`im
m @bvnbtmr`j eustj m t`nopj ijbs`stn nb

ubm d`fjsjdïm noprnsmr`mf qun t`nbn pjr d`bmf`ama nf`o`bmr tjaj mqunffj qun rnprnsnbtn

anspnra`i`j nb fms mit`v`amans an ijoprms, dmcr`imi`ùb, a`str`cui`ùb, nb ubm noprnsm.

-@birnonbtmr nf vmfjr anf jutput.

-Snaui`r fm vmr`mc`f`ama

-Snaui`r nf t`nopj anf i`ifj.

-Y`opf`d`imr, o`b`o`zmbaj nf bõonrj an pmsjs, pmrtns y ub`jbns.

-@birnonbtmr fm dfnx`c`f`ama anf jutput

-@birnonbtmr fm trmbspmrnbi`m anf prjinsj

-Nbdjimr nf ijbtrjf nb fm tjtmf`ama anf prjinsj

-Mpf`imr ub onejrmo`nbtj ijbt`buj nb nf prjinsj

-Cmfmbinmr nf onejrmo`nbtj anf dfuej ijb nf onejrmo`nbtj an fm ijbvnrs`ùb.

Nstms rnijonb
rnijonbami`jb
ami`jbns
ns pnro`tnb m fm ijopmýïm m snr oís nd`i`nbtns
nd`i`nbtns y ijopnt`t`v
ijopnt`t`vm
m

nb fm djrom nb fm qun ombnemb sus imbmfns an a`str`cui`ùb ijoj fj rnmf`zm [mromfmt.

1.1 (QMB@M HMQGNS@BN SJIGM G^NYJ)

Nv`anbi`mojs qun sn ombnem ubm prjcfnoít`im mf ojonbtj an jdrninr bunstrjs

prjauit
prjauitjs
js [mromf
[mromfmt,
mt, cms
cmsmaj
maj nb nst
nstm
m prjc
prjcfno
fnoít`
ít`im
im º]u
º]uà
à nstrmt
nstrmtnl`
nl`ms
ms an omr
omrhnt
hnt`bl
`bl

pjanojs mpf`imr pmrm onejrmr fms vnbtms an bunstrjs prjauitjs:

 Fms ns
nstr
trmt
mtnl`
nl`ms
ms an om
omrh
rhnt
nt`b
`bl
l an
and`d`bnb
bnb ij
ijoj
oj sn vmb m ijb
ijbsn
snlu
lu`r
`r fj
fjss jc
jcen
ent`t`vj
vjss

ijon
ijonri
ri`m
`mfn
fnss an [mrom
[mromfm
fmt,
t, pm
pmrm
rm nffj
nffj ns bn
bnin
insmr
smr`j
`j `a
`anb
nbt`t`d`d`imr
imr y pr
pr`j
`jr`
r`zmr
zmr mq
mqun
unffffjs
js

prjauitjs qun tnblmb ub omyjr pjtnbi`mf y rnbtmc`f`ama, snfnii`jbmr mf põcf`ij mf qun

bjs vmojs m a`r`l`r, and`b`r nf pjs`i`jbmo`nbtj an omrim qun qunrnojs ijbsnlu`r nb fm

onbtn an fjs if`nbtns y trmcmemr an djrom nstrmtàl`im fms a`dnrnbtns vmr`mcfns qun djromb

nf omrhnt`bl ijoj fj sjb prjauitj, prni`j, a`str`cui`ùb y prjoji`ùb.

Fms nstrmtnl`ms an omrhnt`bl qun pjanojs mpf`imr sjb fms s`lu`nbtns5

 Nstrmtnl`m [rjauitj5 Lnb

Lnbnrm
nrmrr a`vnrs`
a`vnrs`d`i
d`imi`ù
mi`ùb
b nb bun
bunstr
strm
m lmo
lmom
m an prja
prjauit
uitjs
js

[mromfmt

 Nstr
Nstrmt
mtnl
nl`m
`m pr
prni
ni`j
`j55 Sn
Snau
auii
ii`ù
`ùb
b an ijst
ijstjs
js nb fm pr
prja
jaui
uii`
i`ùb
ùb an pr
prja
jaui
uitj
tjss

[mromf
[mromfmt,
mt, bj ansiu`
ansiu`amba
ambaj
j fm imf
imf`am
`ama
a anf prja
prjauit
uitj,
j, ombtnb`nb
ombtnb`nbaj
aj su cun
cunb
b smc
smcjr
jr y

ijbs`stnbi`m.

 Nstrmt
Nstrmtnl`
nl`mm Ano
Anojlr
jlríd`
íd`im5
im5 Muonbtmr bunstrm imrtnrm an if`nbtns nb tjaj nf

nstmaj ijfjoc`mbj.

Nstrmt
Nstrmtnl`
nl`mm an prj
prjoji
oji`ùb
`ùb55 Nstrmtnl`m an pnbntrmi`ùb nb nf onrimaj, ajban

ona`mbtn fm ut`f`zmi`ùb an fjs ona`js oms`vjs an ijoub`imi`ùb fjimf (rma`j, tnfnv`s`ùb y

prnbsm) sn lnbnrmrí fm minptmi`ùb y rntnbi`ùb an bunstrjs prjauitjs [mromfmt nb fm

onbtn an imam ubj an bunstrjs ijbsuo`ajrns.

º]uà Nstrmtnl`ms
Nstrmtnl`ms an a`str`cui`ù
a`str`cui`ùb
b pjano
pjanojs
js mpf`imr pmr
pmrmm qun bj surlm nstn t`pj

an prjcfnoít`ims fm zjbm qun lnbnrmrnojs vnbtms:

Fms Nstrmtnl`ms an a`str`cui`ùb pmrm fm @baustr`m [mromfmt sn cmsmb nb5

 NYQSMQNL@M AN IJCNSQ^SM

Nstrmtnl`m an ijcnrturm an onrimaj iuyms mii`jbns sjb fm a`str`cui`ùb `btnbs`vm anf

prjauitj y nf a`snýj anf ouft`imbmf, nf prnsupunstj pmrm nf ansmrrjffj an nstm nstrmtnl`m

ns an <.;;;.;;; `bvnrt`ajs n
nb
b nf ijocust`cfn pmrm fjs vngïiufjs a`str`cu`ajrns.

NYQSMQNL@M AN [^YG P [^FF

Nstrmtnl`m an [usg y [uff ffm

m iumf sn ansmrrjffmrm ona`mbtn mii`jbns tmfns ijoj onejrmr

fm v`s`c`f`ama an fm noprnsm nb fms rnans sji`mfns, ffmomams tnfndùb`ims j ijrrnj

nfnitrùb`ij y anojstrmi`jbns anf prjauitj nb dnr`ms lmstrjbùo`ims nb fm i`uama an

Cjljtí, nf prnsupunstj pmrm ansmrrjffmr fm nstrmtnl`m ns an 3.;;;.;;;.

NYQSMQNL@M AN UJB@D@IMI@ÙB

Fm nstrmtnl`m an Ujb`d`imi`ùb an Onrimaj ffnvm m imcj mii`jbns ijoj ijbd`romr nf

bõonrj an t`nbams nx`stnbtns nb Ijfjoc`m, nfmcjrmr ub rutnrj qun pnro`tm tnbnr ubm

cmsn an amtjs an fjs if`nbtns, rnmf`zmr rjtmi`ùb an fjs prjauitjs pmrm ombtnbnr ub

ijbtrjf sjcrn àstjs y rnmf`zmr ijbvnb`js ijb `bst`tui`jbns, nf tjtmf anf prnsupunstj pmrm

fm rnmf`zmi`ùb an nstn imbmf ns an 3.>;;.;;;, vmfjr qun nstí a`str`cu`aj nb fm maqu`s`i`ùb

an omtnr`mfns y ijocust`cfn an vngïiufjs a`str`cu`ajrns.

 NYQSMQNL@M AN IJO^B@IMI@ÙB

Jtrm nstrmtnl`m qun sn a`snýù ns fm Nstrmtnl`m an Ijoub`imi`ùb, fms mii`jbns m

rnmf`zmrsn sjb nfmcjrmi`ùb an dfynrs, pucf`i`ama rma`mf, pucf`i`ama nsir`tm y vmffms

pucf`i`tmr`ms, nf prnsupunstj pmrm ansmrrjffmr nstm nstrmtnl`m ns an 7;;.;;; pnsjs.

>. NF MFIM
MFIMBIN
BIN AN ^
^B
B OM
OMF
F @BTNB
@BTNBQMS
QMS@J
@J N
NB
B YQ
YQJIH
JIH55

 ºNb fm pfmbnmi`ùb an prjauii`ùb onbsumf, cmej quà `bdjromi`ùb sn ombnem,

pmrm tnbnr fm prjauii`ùb maniumam:

Nstí cmsmaj bninsmr

bninsmr`monbt
`monbtn
n nb mflj ijbji`aj, nf nstíbamr an prjauii
prjauii`ùb.
`ùb. And`b`aj

`b`i`mfonbtn nb nf prjynitj an irnmi`ùb an fm noprnsm. Nb àf nstíb d`emams pmutms

lnbnrmf
rmfns ijoj snr nf prji
jin
nsj us
usm
maj
aj,, nf stjih pjs`cfn, fm impmi
mi``ama an

mfominbmo`nbtj, an prjauii`ùb, nti.

Iumbaj sn pfmb`d`im sn ancn smcnr nxmitmonbtn quà, iùoj y ijb qun sn gmin fj qun

ns bninsmr`j gminr.

Iumbaj sn prjynitm ns s`b ojv`o`nbtj an djbajs (a`bnrj).

 ºIuíbtj t`nopj sn ancn ombtnbnr ub prjauitj nb iumrnbtnbm pmrm smf`r nb

ùpt`oms ijba`i`jbns:

Ns mqunf qun ancn an iuopf`r ijb ub pnr`jaj an mfominbmo`nbtj mbtns an a`spjbnr

anf o`soj, ns mpf`imaj m c`nbns an ijbsuoj, lnbnrmfonbtn ijonst`cfns u jtrjs.

  ºIùoj lnbnrmb fm prjauii`ùb a`mr`m anspuàs an gmcnr gnigj fm pfmbnmi`ùb:

Jpnrmt`vm, sn ut`f`zm pmrm fm rut`bm a`mr`m anf trmcmej nb nf iumf sn prnjiupm nb

mfimbzmr fms ontms prjpunstms, sn punan jcsnrvmr qun fm pfmbnmi`ùb an fm prjauii`ùb

t`nbn jcent`vjs y prjlrmoms nb nf iumf myuamrmb m ansmrrjffmr nb t`nopj y djrom fjs

prjauitjs tnro`bmajs anf aïm, ijb nstj sn pjarí tnbnr ub onejr rnsuftmaj, sn pjaríb

nstrmtnl`ms pmrm bj tnbnr pàra`ams nb fm noprnsm y sn pjanr jctnbnr lmbmbi`ms

ndnit`vms, imam vnz qun sn rnqu`nrm.

 ºFjs gjrmr`js an nbtrmam y an smf`am pmusmbaj fm prjauii`ùb, an quà ombnrm

sn ijbtrjfmb:

Iumbaj sn pfmb`d`im nf t`nopj bj ns vmr`mcfn. Fms `oprjv`smi`jbns imusmb prjcfnoms

an pmrmams an dícr`ims.

Iumb
Iumbaj
aj sn a`sp
a`spjb
jbn
n ub
ubm
m pfmb
pfmb`d`d`i
`imi
mi`ù
`ùb
b sn pr
prja
jaui
uinb
nb oj
ojv`
v`o`
o`nb
nbtj
tj an djba
djbajs
js,,

ijoprjo`sjs an omtnr`mfns, ijbtrmtmi`ùb an ombj an jcrm, nti., nti.

 ºAn quà ombnrm jr`nbtmb fms dubi`jbns m ansmrrjffmr pmrm nf pnrsjbmf:

Fjs prjlrmoms an jr`nbtmi`ùb vmrïmb anpnba`nbaj an fm `baustr`m, nf nst`fj an lnst`ùb

y fm iu
iuft
ftur
urm
m an fm no
nopr
prns
nsm
m nb lnb
nbnr
nrmf
mf.. Qu pr
prjl
jlrm
rmo
om an jr
jr``nb
nbtm
tmi`
i`ùb
ùb pu
puna
nan
n

prjpjri`jbmrfns m fjs nopfnmajs ubm `btrjauii`ùb mprjp`mam pmrm tu ijopmýïm, fj qun

sn nspnrm an nffjs y aùban nbimemb nb fjs jcent`vjs lnbnrmfns.

 º]un ns bninsmr`j tnbnr pmrm pjanr pfmb`d`imr:

Fm `anm bj ns pfmb`d`imr nb nf m`rn ijb nst`omi`jbns amams an amtjs sniubamr`js.

Mgjrm nstí nb pfnbm prjauii`ùb fm noprnsm y gmy qun snr nd`i`nbtns. Yn bnins`tm ijbtmr

ijb amtjs rnmfns pr`omr`js.

 Dmftm an ijbtrjf an `bvnbtmr`js (`bvnbtmr`js, gjrmr`js, dubi`jbns, nti

Nb àf nstíb d`emam
d`emamss pmutms lnbnrmfns ijoj snr nf prjinsj usmaj, nf stjih pjs`cfn,
pjs`cfn, fm
impmi`ama an mfominbmo`nbtj, an prjauii`ùb, Iumbaj sn pfmb`d`im nf t`nopj bj ns

vmr`mcfn. Fms `oprjv`smi`jbns imusmb prjcfnoms an pmrmams an dícr`ims.

Fjs `bvnbtmr`js gminb pmrtn dubamonbtmf nb nf ansmrrjffj `btnrbj an ubm jrlmb`zmi`ùb

iumfqu`nrm (s`b `opjrtmr su mit`v`ama nijbùo`im, a`onbs`ùb, nti.), punstj qun lrmi`ms m

su cu
cunb
nb ombne
ombnej
j pj
pjan
anoj
ojss `o
`opf
pfno
nonb
nbtm
tmrr ubm
ubm dfdfnx
nx`c
`c`f`f`a
`ama
ma nb fm
fmss jp
jpnr
nrmi`
mi`jbn
jbnss qu
qun
n

rnmf`zmojs nb iumbtj mf ijbtrjf nb fm dmcr`imi`ùb y ijonri`mf`zmi`ùb an ounstrms

onrimbiïms8 pjr fj tmbtj, sjb tjomajs ijoj ubm bnins`ama mcsjfutm nb fm jrlmb`zmi`ùb

an bunstrms nx`stnbi`ms.

Nbtrn fms dubi`jbns nbijbtrmojs5


Nf`o`bmi`ùb an `rrnlufmr`amans nb fm jdnrtm
 Ijoprm j prjauii`ùb nb fjtns j tmbams

 [nro`t`r m fm jrlmb`zmi`ùb ombnemr omtnr`mfns pnrninanrjs

 Mfominbmo`nbtj an fm ombj an jcrm.

>.= ANY
ANYIS@
IS@[I@
[I@ÙB
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[SJA^
JA^II@
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A@YQS@C^I
C^I@ÙB
@ÙB55

>.3
>.3 Eu
Eust
st``d`imi
`imi``ùb

Fm prjcfnoít`im sn ansmrrjffù nbdjimam nb fm `bijbdjro`ama an fjs if`nbtns nb iumbtj

mf snrv`i`j qun sn nstmcm prnstmbaj pjr fm ijopmýïm, anc`aj m qun nffjs omb`d`nstmb

qun s` rnmf`zmb ub pna`aj bj t`nbn pjr quà ffnlmrfn pjr pmrtn, j fm o`tma, s` fj rnmf`zmb ns

pjrqun iunbtmb ijb nstn nfnonbtj pmrm su bnlji`j y nop`nzmb m pnranr fm irna`c`f`ama

an fm ijopmýïm y fm snr`nama qun nenrinb fjs vnbanajrns mf bj ffnlmrfn nf pna`aj

ijopfntj.

>.
>.99 Jc
Jcen
ent`
t`vj
vj pr
pr`b
`bi`
i`pm
pmff
 [mromfmt cusim smt`sdminr fjs ansnjs anf ijbsuo`ajr, ombtnb`àbajfj y

sjrprnba`àbajfj, m trmvàs an prjauitjs `bbjvmajrns, snlurjs y an imf`ama supnr`jr,

mao`b`strmbaj, prjaui`nbaj y ijonri`mf`zmbaj nb imf`ama eubtj ijb prjvnnajrns y

if`nbtns, ijoj nstrmtnl`m ifmvn pmrm fjlrmr vnbtmems ijopnt`t`vms y snr ubm noprnsm
nx`tjsm.

>.
>.11 Jc
Jcen
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t`vj
vj a
ann ``bv
bvnb
nbtm
tmr`
r`j
j j stj
stjih
ih55

 Nf ijbtrjf an stjihs snrí nf nbimrlmaj an ombtnbnr fjs b`vnfns ùpt`ojs tmb inrim

an fj pfmb`d`imaj ijoj snm pjs`cfn.

 Nf jcent`vj anf ijbtrjf an stjih ns msnlurmr qun nf prjauitj nstà a`spjb`cfn nb nf

ojonbtj y nb fms imbt`amans ansnmams.

 Nf snlubaj jcent`vj anf ijbtrjf an stjih snrí nf an o`b`o`zmr nf ijstj tjtmf anf

`bvnbtmr`j pmrm imam b`vnf an snrv`i`j nstmcfni`aj

>.>
>.> Jce
cent
nt`v
`vj
jaann vvnb
nbttms

 Nstua`mr nf onrimaj ijbstmbtnonbtn.

 [fmb`d`imr y neniutmr nstrmtnl`ms an prjoji`jbns an vnbtm.

 Ombtnbnr rnfmi`jbns ijb a`str`cu`ajrns y prjvnnajrns an fm t`nbam.

>.
>.44 Jc
Jcen
ent`
t`vj
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anff pf
pfmb
mb an
an on
onri
rima
majt
jtnib
nib`m
`m
[js`i`jbmr m fnign fm Jraným ijoj fm onejr fnign anf onrimaj ijf`onbsn., ijfjiíbajfm

mf mfimbin an ijbsuo`ajr ijb nf onejr prni`j an onrimaj.

>.
>.<< Jc
Jcen
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t`vj
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Mopf`mr fm fïbnm an prjauitjs, anr`vmajs an fm fnign (yjlurt, irnom).

>.7
>.7 Jce
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Ombtnbnr Nf prni`j anf prjauitj ancmej an fm ijopntnbi`m, ijb fm onejr imf`ama, smcjr y

ijbs`stnbi`m.

>.
>.00 Jc
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Fjlrmr ub onejr pjs`i`jbmo`nbtj nb nf onrimaj, lnbnrmbaj nb nf ijbsuo`ajr

prndnrnbi`m pjr bunstrj prjauitj, ijbv`rt`àbajfj nb fm fnign an tjam fm dmo`f`m,

muonbtmbaj ub =>% fms vnbtms.

<. @BDJSO
@BDJSON
N @BTNYQ
@BTNYQ@LM
@LMQ@T
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NBI^
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Yn tjomb rnspunstms pjr imam tnbanrj, sn rnmf`zm ubm rnijfnii`ùb an amtjs ijb 9
tnbanrjs, nb nstn imsj pjr nbiunstm jbf`bn.
Yn nv`anbi`m ub 44,<% an qun fjs tnbanrjs qun pmrt`i`pmrjb nb fm nbiunstm bj
ijbsuonb [mromfmt, sn punan prjpjbnr jtrjs t`pjs an nstrmtnl`m an onrimanj

^b 44,<% nb qun fjs prjauitjs sjb cunbjs, punanb ffnlmr m snr nxinfnbtns
Anbtrj an fjs tnbanrjs qun pmrt`i`pmrjb bj prnd`nrnb fm omrim, sn ansijbjin fms
rmzjbns.

Fm fnign ns ubj an fjs prjauitjs oís ijbsuo`ajs nb ub 44,<%

Sjtubamonbtn sn ansijbjinb fjs ojt`vjs an ub irjbjlrmom pmrm fjs tnbanrjs, nstj
pnro`t`rïm omyjr ml`f`ama y nd`i`nbi`m nb fjs prjinsjs qun sn neniutmb.

Yn nv`anbi`m qun bj nx`stn ub fïo`tn, pjs`cfnonbtn suinan qun bj sn ffnvm ub

prnsupunstj an imbt`ama an prjauitjs.
Yn nv`anbi`m fm anojrm nb fjs pna`ajs rnmf`zmajs pjr fjs tnbanrjs, punan jims`jbmr
ojfnst`ms, s` sn rnmf`zm ijb drniunbi`m.

^b 44,< an fjs tnbanrjs qun pmrt`i`pmrjb bj rni`cn sjfui`jbns j bj sjb nd`i`nbtns m fm

gjrm an ijoub`im.

Mbíf`s`s5 Mf rnv`smr imam ubm an fms rnspunstms sn nv`anbi`m qun bj sjb

pjs`t`vms ijoj sn nspnrm, bjromfonbtn imam noprnsm rnmf`zm sus prjinsjs pjr oís

qun ubm noprnsm tnblm cunbm rnputmi`ùb nb nf onrimaj punan snr ijopnt`t`vm, pnrj

punan ffnlmr m fulmrns j `opmitmr ijb nstrmtnl`ms qun pnro`tmb nb nstn imsj ub
irni`
irni`o`
o`nbt
nbtj
j d`d`bmb
bmbi`
i`nrj
nrj,, ijb om
omyjr
yjr nopu
nopuen
en pmr
pmrm
m fj
fjlr
lrmr
mr m nstmr
nstmr nb oís
oís gjlmr
gjlmrns
ns

ijfjoc`mbj.

Aurmbtn nstn `bdjron an `bvnst`lmi`ùb an miunraj m bunstrm nbiunstm ns ouy

`opjrt
`opjrtmbt
mbtn
n nbt
nbtnba
nbanr
nr fj bnl
bnlmt`
mt`vj
vj an fm omf
omfm
m a`s
a`str`
tr`cui`
cui`ùb,
ùb, jrlm
jrlmb`z
b`zmi`
mi`ùb,
ùb, pfm
pfmbnmi
bnmi`ùb
`ùb,,
ona`i`ùb an ijbtrjfns, nbtnba`nbaj qun s` tjaj nstj onejrmrm fjs `blrnsjs snrïmb

ouigj oís mftjs y snrïm ubm noprnsm qun pjarïm ombnemr lrmbans nstíbamrns nb tjajs

fj b`vnfns qun ubm noprnsm ijoj nstm punan ffnlmr m tnbnr.

Nbiunstm rnmf`zmam m trmvàs an djroufmr`js ljjlfn.

gttps5//ajis.ljjlfn.ijo/djros/a/n/=DM@p]FYaw\t;7\bS<EP0zB1`WThA;^4Z-
wiFZj[4PYDyhYyPBswC^jM/v`nwdjro:usp?sdZf`bh

7. SNIJON
SNIJONBAM
BAMI@J
I@JBNY
BNY N @BI
@BIJBT
JBTNB@
NB@NBQ
NBQNY5
NY5

Aurmbtn nf prjinsj an `bvnst`lmr sjcrn fm prjcfnoít`im, fms prjpunstms y pjs`cfns

sjfui`jbns ns ouy `opjrtmbtn rnijonbamr fm bnins`ama an nxpfjrmr tjajs fj rndnrnbtn m

fm ijopmýïm, ansan su irnmi`ùb, sus fjlrjs, `bijbvnb`nbtns, djrom an ombnej `btnrbj y

nxtnrbj, ana`imi`ùb, mýjs an trmynitjr`m y sjcrn tjaj nstmcfninr ub ijbtmitj nbtrn

qu`nbns ijoprmb nf prjauitj eubtj ijb qu`nbns fj ijbsuonb ym qun ns ubm noprnsm

qun prjvnn nb vmr`js snitjrns, pmrm põcf`ij an tjams fms namans.

Y`b nocmrlj anbtrj an fm `bvnst`lmi`ùb tmoc`àb jiurrnb a`d`iuftmans nb iumbtj m fm

rnijfnii`ùb an amtjs ym qun bj tjams fms pnrsjbms nbiunstmams tnbaríb ub mftj ïba`in

nb fm vnrmi`ama an fm rnspunstm.
 Y`b nocmrlj m pnsmr an fj qun sn punam `r prnsnbtmbaj, imam amtj, `bdjron,

prjpunstm, `anm ns fj qun oís mpjrtm pmrm jctnbnr fjs onejrns rnsuftmajs y nstjs sjb

fjs qun ijb ubm lrmb `bvnst`lmi`ùb sn fjlrmb fjs jcent`vjs prjpunstjs anbtrj an nstn

ajiuonbtj
ajiuonbtj pmrm fjlrmr onejrmr nb ub lrmb pjrinbt
pjrinbtmen
men imam `bijbvnb`nb
`bijbvnb`nbtn
tn qun sn gmym
prnsnbtmaj aurmbtn nf ansmrrjffj anf prjynitj an [mromfmt nb iumbtj m fjs prjcfnoms

nb nf `bvnbtmr`j y su nrrjr nb fm dmftm an jrlmb`zmi`ùb pmrm a`str`cu`r an ubm ombnrm oís

jrlmb`zmam tjajs sus prjauitjs.

Ns pj
pjrr ns
nstj
tj qun
qun lrm
lrmi`
i`ms
ms m fm `b
`bdj
djrom
romi`
i`ùb
ùb rni
rnijf
jfnit
nitmam
mam nbt
nbtrn
rn fj
fjss ij
ijbs
bsuo
uo`a
`ajrn
jrns,
s,

ijoprmajrns, imbmfns an a`str`cui`ùb ns pjs`cfn ffnlmr m jctnbnr fjs onejrns rnsuftmajs

snlõb imam jcent`vj pfmbtnmaj anbtrj an fm `bvnst`lmi`ùb rnmf`zmam y ijb fjs rnsuftmajs
qun sn jctuv`nrjb sn ombtnbarí ub onejr prjinsj nb imam írnm qun tnblm qun vnr

anbtrj an fjs prjinsjs an onejrm.

^bm ansvnbtmem an fm `bvnst`lmi`ùb ns jctnbnr jp`b`jbns an sjfj ub i`nrtj lrupj an

ijoprmajrns jcent`vj nb fulmr an ubm ounstrm mopf`m, sn pjarïm snslmr fjs rnsuftmajs.

Y` nb fm `bvnst`lm
`bvnst`lmi`ùb
i`ùb an onrimajs sn ut`f
ut`f`zm
`zm fm nbiunst
nbiunstm
m jbf`bn, sn pjarïm snslmr nf

rnsuftmaj ym qun bj tjajs fjs if`nbtns pjtnbi`mfns pjarïmb tnbnr miinsj m nffm

Fm `bvnst
`bvnst`lm
`lmi`ù
i`ùb
b an onrima
onrimajs
js pun
punan
an snr ijs
ijstjs
tjsm
m anp
anpnba
nba`nb
`nbaj
aj an fjs oàt
oàtjajs
jajs

ut`f`zmajs pjr fm noprnsm. Mf ijbtrmtmr ubm noprnsm pmrm qun rnmf`in fm `bvnst`lmi`ùb an

onrimajs ns ouy ijstjsj y s` fj gmin fm o`som noprnsm, tmoc`àb rnsuftmrïm ijstjsj,

ym qun sn ancnríb mpf`imr iunst`jbmr`js, nbiunstms, nbtrnv`stms y su ijbtmc`f`zmi`ùb

ffnvmrm ouigj t`nopj.

• Dmftm an nxpnr`nbi`m anf nbiunstmajr qun rnprnsnbtm fm noprnsm

• Nf t`nopj ut`f`zmaj nb fm mpf`imi`ùb an fm `bvnst`lmi`ùb ns nxtnbsm y ijstjsm

4. C@CF
C@CF@J
@JLS
LSMD
MDÏM
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[ML@BM \NC AN [MSOMFMQ

gttp5//www.pmromfmt.ijo.ij/imtnljry/bunstrjs-prjauitjs/

@OÍLNBNY OM[M ONBQMF

gttps5//www.ljjlfn.ijo/snmrig:
rfz?=I=IGCAZnsIJ791IJ791&c`w?=944&c`g?4><&tco?`sig&sm?=&n`?<WJaW@vQEivo>l
FEpUI1A]&q?OMFM+@OMLNB+NO[SNYM&jq?OMFM+@OMLNB+NO[SNYM&lsZf?`ol.
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NENO[FJY AN A@MLBJYQ@IJ MAO@B@YQSMQ@TJ

gttps5//ns.sf`ansgmrn.bnt/amr`jrnybnf/iumfns-sjb-fjs-prjcfnoms-mao`b`strmt`vjs-oms-ijoubns-qun-
sn-prnsnbtm-nb-iumfqu`nr-noprnsm-903=91>7
sn-prnsnbtm-nb-iumfqu`nr- noprnsm-903=91>7

@OÍLNBNY
gttps5//pyon.fmvjztx.ijo/nenopfj-an-ub-prjlrmom-an-jr`nbtmi`b-pmrm-bunvjs-nopfnmajs-
>=<1.gtof

gttps5//www.`sjtjjfs.jrl/3;=>/;9/34/qun-ns-fm-lnst`jb-jpnrmt`vm-an-ubm-noprnsm-y-ijoj-
onejrmrfm/

gttp5//`bvnbtmr`janfjsomsss.cfjlspjt.ijo/

gttp5//`bvnbtmr`janfjsomsss.cfjlspjt.ijo/

gttp5//rnpjs`tjr`j.upni.nau.ni/c`tstrnmo/=391>4<70/1=>/3/93=%3;mrt%I9%MAiufj%3;i`nbt
%I9%MAd`ij.pad
gttps5//www.nsmb.nau.pn/mpubtns-noprnsmr`mfns/3;=>/;7/ijbs`stnb-nstrmtnl`ms-pusg-puff/
gttps5//rjcnrtjnsp`bjsm.ns/3;=>/;=/=4/nstrmtnl`ms-an-omrhnt`bl-ijbinptj-t`pjs/
gttp5//www.fjl`st`imox.nbdms`s.ijo/bjtms/3;174-stjih-y-b`vnf-snrv`i`j-nqu`f`cr`j
gttps5//www.`bdjromctf.ijo/9-jcent`vjs-qun-ancn-tnbnr-nf-anpmrtmonbtj-an-vnbtms-an-ubm-
t`nbam-o`bjr`stm/

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gttp5//pmromfmtubnsr.cfjlspjt.ijo/3;=4/;7/o`s`jb-v`s`jb-vmfjrns-pjf`t`ims.gtof