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Physics I 01 T I R.SAIFUL ISLAM

1. NgZhapapd; rkd;ghl;by; tUk; xt;nthU cWg;Gfsp 3

dJk; gupkhzq;fs; mKf;fj;jpd; gupkhzj;ijf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;
3. ,t;tpdhtpy; ,uz;lhtJ tpil jtpu;e;j Vida
ahTk; xU ntg;gkhdp nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba
1 ρ𝑣2
P+ + ρgh = khwpyp mj;jpahtrpakhd ,ay;Gfs; MFk;. ntg;gkhd
2
,ay;G ntg;gepiyAld; rPuhfj;jhd; khw Ntz;Lk;
vd;w mtrpakpy;iy.
1994/06 Mk; tpdhitg; ghu;f;f.
myFf; fdtstpw; myFf; fdtstpw; 2016/03 Mk; tpdhtpy; ,U epiyj;j ntg;gepiy
mKf;fk;
fhd ,af;frf;jp fhd mOj;jrf;jp fSf;fpilapy; rk ,ilntspapy; mstpilfs;
,Uf;FkhW ntg;gkhdpapd; juq;fzpg;G tpdtg;gl;
ML-1T-2 Ls;sJ. ,f;Fwpj;j re;ju;g;gj;jpw;F ntg;gkhdpj;
jputk; rPuhd fdtsT tpupitf; nfhz;bUj;jy;
nghwpKiw rf;jp> mOj;jrf;jpapdJk; ,af;frf;jpapd mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
Jk; $l;Lj;njhif MFk;. vdNt nghwpKiw rf;jpAk;
rf;jpapd; gupkhzj;ijNa (ML2T-2) nfhz;bUf;Fk;. 2

3 4.
T
2. (1) ePsk; = 10.0 mm ± 0.1 mm
L.C
rjtPj tO = ⨯ 100 % mg
Reading
θ
0.1 P
= ⨯ 100 %
10
rPuhd Nfhy; vd;gjhy; epiw eLg;Gs;spapy; jhf;Fk;.
= 1%
Nfhypd; ePsk; 2L vdpd;> Nfhypd; rkepiyf;F
KjyhtJ tpil cz;ik
P mg ⨯ Lcosθ - T ⨯ 2Lsinθ = 0
(2) gpd;d tO = L.C ,d; gb LC Fiwtila
Reading mg cosθ
T =
2sinθ
gpd;d tO FiwtilAk;. mjhtJ Fwpj;j
thrpg;ig Fiwe;j ,opntz;zpf;if cila mg
T =
fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jpg; ngWk;NghJ gpd;d 2tanθ
tOitf; Fiwf;fyhk;
4
,uz;lhtJ tpil cz;ik

(3)ngsjpff; fzpankhd;wpd; mstPL fUtp fhl;Lk; 5. tpLtpf;fg;gLk; fzj;jpy; ,U Cry; Fz;LfSk;

thrpg;Gld; mjd; ,opntz;zpf;ifapdhy; $bf; mtw;wpd; vy;iyj; jhdj;jpypUe;J xd;Wf;nfhd;W
FiwANkh jtpu> fUtp fhl;Lk; thrpg;Gld; mjd; vjpu;j;jpirfspy; ,aq;Ftjdhy; mit vjpu; mtj;
,opntz;zpf;ifia tpl Fiwe;j ngWkjpapdhy; ijapy; fhzg;gLk;. mjhtJ mtj;ij tpj;jpahrk;
$l;b my;yJ Fiwj;J jplkhff; Fwpg;gpl KbahJ. 1800 MFk;.
$w;W A cz;ik. tpilfs; 1,2,4 tuhJ.
fPo;f;fhl;bathW NkYk; NkYk; ,opntz;zpf;if
Fiwe;j fUtpia mstPl;Lf;Fg; gad;gLj;j thrpg; Cry;fspd; ePsq;fs;; njhlu;ghd juTfs; jug;gltpy;
gpd; jpUj;jk; mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;Nl nry;Yk;. iy Mjyhy;> Cry;fspd; miyTfhyq;fs;
njhlu;ghf vk;KbTf;Fk; tu KbahJ. ,uz;bdJk;
ePsq;fs; rkd; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhy; miyTfhyq;
0 5 6
LC = 1 mm fs; rkd; vdyhk;.
0
LC = 0.5 mm 5 6 $w;W B gpioahdJ
0
LC = 0.2 mm 5 6 3

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6. 𝑣 = g h ,d; gb Mok;(h) Fiwtila NtfKk; 𝑣
FiwtilAk;.
xU Clfj;jpypUe;J ,d;DnkhU Clfj;jpw;F
miy gazpf;Fk;NghJ xUNghJk; miyapd; F
kPbwd; khWtjpy;iy.

𝑣 = f λ ,d; gb kPbwd; khwhjjhy; Ntfk; tpil 1 tuhJ.

Fiwtila miyePsKk; FiwtilAk;.
Nfhz ce;j khw;wk;
5 ● KWf;fk; =
Neuk;
Nfhz ce;j khw;wk; = KWf;fk; ⨯ Neuk;
7. ● Fwpj;j thAtpy; xypapd; fjp ntg;gepiyapy;
khj;jpuk; jq;fpapUf;Fk;. 𝑣 ∝ T ,d; gb ntg;g Nfhz ce;j khw;w tPjk; Neubahf KWf;fkhFk;.
epiy mjpfupf;f xypapd; fjpAk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
$w;W C gpio.
$w;W A cz;ik. tpil 2 tuhJ.
3
● NkNy Fwpg;gpl;ljd; gb ntg;gepiy khwhjpUf;f
Fwpj;j thAtpd; Vida fzpaq;fspy; epfo;j;jg;
gLk; khw;wj;jpdhy; mt;thAtpy; xypapd; fjp 10. ,q;F B vd;gd Kw;whf mkpo;e;J kpjg;gjdhy;
khwhJ. ntg;gepiy khwhjpUf;f Nkyjpf iejurd; mjd; mlu;j;jp ePupd; mlu;j;jpf;F rkd; vd cWjpah
thAitr; Nru;f;Fk; NghJ miwapDs; mKf;fk; ff; $wyhk;.
mjpfupf;Fk;. mj;Jld; mKf;fj;jpw;F tpfpjrkdhf tpilfs; 1, 4, 5 tuhJ.
mlu;j;jpAk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
Nfhsk; A ghj;jpuj;jpd; mbAld; njhLifapYs;sjh>
$w;W B gpio. tpilfs; 3, 5 tuhJ. vd cWjpahfj; jug;gltpy;iy. mjdhy; A apd;
● ntg;gepiy khwhjpUf;f miwapDs; Nkyjpfkhf mlu;;j;jp gw;wp cWjpahff; $w KbahJ. mjhtJ
Ijurd; thAit Nru;g;gjhy; miwapDs; cs;s ρA = ρW my;yJ ρA > ρW Mf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,uz;lhtJ
thAf; fyitapd; gypj %yf;$w;Wj; jpzpT(M) tpil cWjpahf; $Wtjhy; mJ gpioahdJ.
FiwtilAk;. H2 , N2 ,uz;Lk; <uZ %yf;$w;W
thAf;fs; Mjyhy; fyitapd; gypj γ(=1.4) 3
khwhJ.
γRT 11. x , y vd;Dk; gFjpfspy;
𝑣 = ,d; gb M Fiwtila
M Fwpj;j jputpaj;jpdhyhd
𝑣 mjpfupf;Fk;. yL
Nfhy;fs; ,Ug;gpd; mit
𝑥 e
$w;W C cz;ik. L e jdpj;jdpNa vt;thW
tpupANkh mJNghy; Kid
4
e = Lαθ D Ak; tpupAk;.
8. t Neuj;jpy; rkepiyj; jhdj;jpypUe;jhd
e
,lg;ngau;r;rp y,
450
y = a sinωt e
t = 3T
y = a sin 2π ⨯ 3T 4 t=0 3
T 4 t= T
4
y = a sin 3π a a 12.
2
y = -a
fL R
4
P
9. ● $w;W A cz;ikahFk;. cjhuzk; epiyf;Fj;jhf
Nky;Nehf;fp vwpag;gl;l nghUspd; mjpAau; Gs;sp 40 N 40 N
apy; Ntfk; G+r;rpakhFk;. Mdhy; Mu;KLfy; g
epiyf;Fj;jhff; fPo;Nehf;fp ,Uf;Fk;.
tpilfs; 2, 4 tuhJ.
● $w;W B cz;ikahFk;. cjhuzk; rPuhd tl;l Fw;wpapd; rkepiyf;F fL = 40 N
,af;fj;jpYs;s nghUspd; tpisAs; tpir(ika μ R = 40
ehl;l tpir) tl;lj;jpd; ikaj;ij Nehf;fp 0.4 ⨯ R = 40
,Uf;Fk;. ,jd;NghJ Ntfj;jpd; jpir njhlyp R = 100 N
topNa ,Uf;Fk;.
Mdhy; R = P + 40
100 = P + 40
P = 60 N 3

R. Saiful -2-islam
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 -3- https://t.me/LLSPhysicsAllisland
13. ● xU Clfj;jpy; nts;nshspapd; VO epwq;fspd 17. 25 cm Jhuj;jpYs;s nghUl;fisj; njspthf
Jk; fjpfs; V < I < B < G < Y < O < R MFk;. mtjhdpf;f 150 cm Ftpaj; JhuKila FtpT
xsp kQ;rs; epwkhfTk; Nyru; rptg;G epwkhfTk; tpy;iyiag; gad;gLj;Jfpwhu;.
,Ug;gpd; 𝑣Y < 𝑣R f = 150 cm
xsp kQ;rs; epwkhfTk; Nyru; gr;ir epwkhfTk;
,Ug;gpd; 𝑣Y > 𝑣B
$w;W A gpio. tpilfs; 1, 4 tuhJ.
25 cm
● Nyru;f; fjpu;fs; ntw;wplj;jpDhL nry;Yk; NghJ v
Gjpjhf Nghl;Nlhd;fis tpLtpf;f mZf;fs; 25 cm Jhuj;jpYs;s nghUspw;F eptu;j;jp tpy;iy
(jputpa Clfk;) ,y;yhjjhy; mjd; nrwpT Vw;gLj;Jk; tpk;gj;Jhuk; (v) FiwghLila ntw;Wf;
khwhJ fhzg;gLk;. fz;zpd; njspTg; ghu;itapd; ,opTj; JhukhFk;.
$w;W B gpio. tpilfs; 2, 3 tuhJ. eptu;j;jp tpy;iyf;F

● A apy; $wpaJ Nghy xU Clfj;jpypUe;J 1 1 1

− =
,d;DnkhU Clfj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk;NghJ nts; 𝑣 u f
nshspapYs;s Fwpj;j epw xspapd; ghij 1 1 1
− = −
vt;thW khWfpwNjh mNjNghy; Nyru; xspapd; 𝑣 25 150
ghijAk; khWk;. 𝑣 = 30 cm
$w;W C gpio.
njhiytpYs;s nghUl;fisj; njspthf
5 mtjhdpf;f ,tupd; njspTg; ghu;itapd; cau;Tj;
Jhuj;jpw;Fr; rkdhd Ftpaj; JhuKila FopT
14. c.Mok;(h) tpy;iyiag; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
KwpTr;Rl;b(n) =
Njh.Mok;(y) / nj.gh.cau;Tj; Jhuk; = 300 cm
h ntw;Wf; fz;zpd; ghu;it tPr;R = 30 cm 300 cm
y =
n
d(y) 4
d(y) 1 d(h) tpk;gj;jpd; Ntfk;
= dt
dt n dt
d(h) 18. 𝑣 = 0
nghUspd; Ntfk; u cos300
dt

nghUspd; Ntfk; rPuhdJ Mifahy; tpk;gj;jpd;

NtfKk; rPuhdJ.
u
mjhtJ xt;nthU nrf;fDk; nghUs; milAk;
mNj ,lg;ngau;r;rpNa NkypUe;J ghu;f;Fk; NghJ 300
Njhd;Wk; tpk;kgKk; milAk;.
2 mjpAau; Gs;spapy; KE = 1/2 ⨯ m ⨯ (u cos300)2
75 = 1/2 ⨯ 0.5 ⨯ (u ⨯ 3 /2)2
15. n⨯sinθ = khwpypapd; gb KjyhtJ Kwptpd;NghJ
μ2 K.Rl;bAila Clfj;jpDs; nrt;tDld; xspf; u = 20 m s-1
fjpu; mikf;Fk; Nfhzk; rpwpjhtjdhy; μ1 < μ2
MFk;. 4

,uz;lhtJ Kwp Nkw;gug;gpy; KOTl;njwpg;G epfo;t- 19. β1 - β2 = 10 log (P1/P2)

jdhy; μ3 < μ2 MFk;.
β1 - β2 = 10 log (100P/P)
2
β1 - β2 = 10 log (100)
16. ● $.E.fhl;b ,ay;ghd nrg;gQ;nra;ifapYs;sNghJ β1 - β2 = 20 dB
mjd; tpy;iyfSf;fpilapyhd Ntwhf;fk; (f0 + fe)
,Yk; ghu;f;fg; ngupjhFk;. 5
$w;W A gpio. tpilfs; 1, 4, 5 tuhJ.
● $.E.fhl;b> njhiyfhl;b ,uz;bw;FNk ,Wjp
tpk;gk; njspTg; ghu;itapd; ,opTj; Jhuj;jpy;
cz;lhFk;NghNj M cau;thFk;.
$w;W C cz;ik.
3

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20. re;ju;g;gk; 1 ,y; Nru;khd tpy;iy 20 cm Ftpaj; 23. Muk;gj;jpy; Xa;tpYs;sNghJ
JhuKila FtpT tpy;iyahFk;.
k e = mg
k ⨯ 0.2 = 15
k = 75 N m-1
O I
2F 2F
rf;jpf; fhg;Gj; jj;Jtj;jpd; gb
40 cm 40 cm
mjpAau; Gs;spapy; nkh.rf;jp = mjpjho; Gs;spapy;
nkh.rf;jp
re;ju;g;gk; 2 ,y; NkNy fzpj;j 20 cm Ftpaj;
JhuKila FtpT tpy;iyAld; ePu; tpy;iy
njhLifapYs;sJ. 1/2 k e22 + mgh = 1/2 ke12 + 1/2 mu2
ePu; tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj; Jhuk; f ck; ,tw;wpdJ (75 ⨯ 0.12) + (2⨯1.5⨯10⨯h) = (75 ⨯ 0.22) + 1.5 ⨯42
Nru;khdj;jpd; Ftpaj; Jhuk; f' ck; Mapd; h = 0.875 m
Nru;khd tpy;iyf;F
1 1 1 2
- =
𝑣 u f'
24. R
1 1 1 1 θ
- = +
-80 40 -20 f
a = gsinθ
f = + 80 cm
mg
θ
ePu; tpy;iy 80 cm Ftpaj; JhuKila FopT
tpy;iyahFk;. rha;jsj;jpw;F nrt;tdhf
2 Jzpf;ifapy; tpisAs; tpir ,Uf;fhJ.
R = mg cosθ
21.
Jzpf;iff;F F=ma
30 cm
𝑙2 F = R sinθ
F = mg cosθ ⨯ sinθ
𝑙1
mg
F= sin(2θ)
2
rha;jsj;jpd; rha;T θ khwhJs;sNghJ
fpil tpisAs; tpir F ck; khwhJ.
tpilfs; 1,2,4 tuhJ.
𝑣 = 500 ⨯ 4𝑙1 𝑣 = 500 ⨯ 4𝑙2/3
AB, BC vd;gtw;wpd; rha;Tfs; tpj;jpahrg;
𝑙1 = 𝑣/2000 𝑙2 = 3𝑣/2000 gLtjdhy; mtw;wpd; fpil tpisAs; tpirAk;
tpj;jpahrg;gLk;.
𝑙2 - 𝑙1 = 0.3 m tpil 3 tuhJ.
(3𝑣/2000) - (𝑣/2000) = 0.3
𝑣 = 300 m s-1 5

1 25.

O
22. P V = n R T ,y; n, R khwpyp Mjyhy; R fL
fL
P V ∝ T MFk;.
F
mjhtJ PV ngUf;fk; mjpfupf;f T Ak; mjpfupf;Fk;. gyif njhlu;ghf Nfhsk; eOthjpUg;gjw;F> Nfhsk;
P⨯V gyifiaj; njhLkplj;jpy; Nfhsj;jpd; njhlypj;
A 2⨯1 jpir topNaahd Mu;KLfy; gyifapd; Mu;KLfYf;
Fr; rkdhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
B 2⨯3
C 0.8⨯5
Nfhsj;jpw;F O gw;wp 𝜏 = I α
TA < Tc < TB 2 a
fL ⨯ R =mR2 ⨯
5 R
5 2 a
μ.mg ⨯ R = mR2 ⨯
5 R
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5μg
a=
2

gyiff;F F=ma
F - fL = M a
F = fL + M a
5μg
F = μmg + M ⨯
2
F = μ(m + 5M/2) g
tpdhg; gj;jpuj;jpy; (5) MtJ tpilapy; 7 ,w;Fg;
gjpyhf 5 tUk;.
5

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