khfhzf; fy;tpj; jpizf;fsk;

tlf;F khfhzk;
f.ngh.j (rh/j) - 2009 khzth;fSf;fhd
tpN\l nraw;wpl;lk;
Gy;Nkhl;il eyd;Ghp epiyak;
;
tpQ;Qhd ghlk;
 nghwpfs;
1. Ntiyia ,ythfr; nra;ag; gad;gLk; rhjdq;fs; nghwpfs; vdg;gLk;.
2. nghwpfs; vspa nghwpfs; > rpf;fyhd nghwpfs; vdg; gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
3. vspa nghwptiffspy; gpd;tUtd mlq;Ffpd;wd:-
1. nek;GNfhy;fs;.
2. rha;jsk;.
3. fg;gpfs;.
4. rpy;Yk; mr;rhzpAk;.

 nek;GNfhy;fs;
1. ,tw;wpy; Rik > Royplk; > vj;jdk; Mfpa fhuzpfs; rk;ke;jg;gLfpd;wd.
2. ,tw;wpd; miktplj;ijg; nghWj;J nehk;Gfs; NkYk; 3 tifg;gLfpd;wd.
1. Kjyhk; tif nehk;Gfs;.
2. ,uz;lhk; tif nehk;Gfs;.
3. %d;whk; tif nehk;Gfs;.

 Kjyhk;tif nek;Gfs;.

1. ,q;F Rik > Royplk; > vj;jdk; vDk; xOq;fpy; fhzg;gLk;.

Rik (L) vj;jdk; (E)

Royplk; (C)

2. ,q;F Rikf;Fk; Royplj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; Rikg;Gak; vdg;gLk;.

3. ,q;F vj;jdj;jpw;Fk; Rikf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; vj;jdg;Gak; vdg;gLk;.
4. vj;jdg;Gak; > Rikg;Gaj;ij tpl ePsk; $bajhff; fhzg;glNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd; Fiwe;j
vj;jdj;ijf; nfhz;L $ba Rikia mirf;f KbAk;.
5. cjhuzk; - mythq;fpdhy; fy; Gul;Ljy; > FwL > fj;jhp > Rj;jpay;.
6. Royplk; Rikf;F mz;ikapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jhd; Ntiyia ,yFthfr; nra;a KbAk;.
7. vj;jdg;Ga ePsj;ij $l;Lk; NghJk; Ntiyia ,yFthfr; nra;a KbAk;.

 ,uz;lhk;tif
Science nek;Gfs;.
& Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.
 1. ,q;F Royplk; > Rik > vj;jdk; vDk; xOq;fpy; fhzg;gLk;.

Rik (L) vj;jdk; (E)

Royplk; (C)

2. ,q;F Rikf;Fk; Royplj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; Rikg;Gak; vdg;gLk;.

3. ,q;F vj;jdj;jpw;Fk; Rikf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; vj;jdg;Gak; vdg;gLk;.
4. vj;jdg;Gak; > Rikg;Gaj;ij tpl ePsk; $bajhff; fhzg;glNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd; Fiwe;j
vj;jdj;ijf; nfhz;L $ba Rikia mirf;f KbAk;.
5. cjhuzk; - xw;iwr; rpy;Y js;S tz;b > ghf;Fntl;b >
6. ghf;if ntl;Lk; NghJ ghf;F Royplj;jpw;F mz;ikapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jhd; ,yFthfg; ghf;if ntl;l
KbAk;.

 %d;whk;tif nek;Gfs;.

1. ,q;F Rik > vj;jdk; > Royplk; vDk; xOq;fpy; fhzg;gLk;.

Rik (L) vj;jdk; (E) Royplk; (C)

2. ,q;F Rikf;Fk; Royplj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; Rikg;Gak; vdg;gLk;.

3. ,q;F vj;jdj;jpw;Fk; Rikf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; vj;jdg;Gak; vdg;gLk;.
4. ,q;F kw;iwa ,uz;L tiffisAk; Nghy; ,y;yhJ vj;jdg;Gak; > Rikg;Gaj;ij tpl ePsk; Fiew;jjhff;
fhzg;gLk;.
5. ,jdhy; Rikia tpl vj;jdk; rw;W mjpfkhff; nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
6. cjhuzk; - rhtzk; > jzy; ,Lf;fp > Jk;Gj; jbahy; tPL $l;Ljy;.
7. ,q;F cs;s mD$yk; ahnjdpy; Fiwe;j Jhuk; vj;jdk; mire;J $ba Jhuk; Rikia mirf;f KbAk;.

Note: - 1) kdpj clypYk; gy ,lq;fspy; nek;Gfs; cz;L.

1. jiyia Xk; vd mirj;jy; - Kjyhk; tif nek;GNfhy;.
2. fhy; ngUtpuy; Edpapy; epw;wy; - ,uz;lhk; tif nek;GNfhy;.
3. ifia Koq;ifapy; kbj;jy; - %d;whk; tif nek;G Nfhy;.
2) %d;whk; tif nek;gpy; Rikia mjpf Jhuk; mirf;f KbAk;.

 nghwpKiw eak;

1. xU nghwp Ntiyia ,yFthf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ mjpf Rikia Fiwe;j vj;jdj;ijf; nfhz;L mirf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
2. vdNt
Science Rikf;Fk; vj;jdj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd tpfpjk;
& Technology 10 xU nghwpia msf;Fk; fzpakhff;By.- A.R.Emil.
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
 3. ,t;tpfpjk; nghwpKiw eak; vdg;gLk;. > mjhtJ –

Rik
nghwpKiw eak; =
vj;jdk;

4. nghwpKiw eak; myfw;w fzpakhFk;.

5. nghwpKiw eak; mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ xU nghwpapd; eak; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ > mjhtJ mijg;
gad;gLj;Jtjd; mD$yk; mjpf;fd;wJ vd;W fUj;jhFk;.

 Ntftpfpjk;
1. Ntftpfpjk; vd;gJ vj;jdk; mire;j Jhuj;jpw;Fk; Rik mire;j Jhuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd tpfpjk;
MFk;. – mjhtJ

vj;jdk; mire;j Jhuk;.

Ntftpfpjk; =
Rik mire;j Jhuk;. my;yJ :-

vj;jdg; Ga ePsk;.
Ntftpfpjk; =
Rikg;Ga ePsk;.

2. NtftpfpjKk; myfw;w fzpakhFk;.

3. Ntftpfpjk; mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ xU nghwpapd; eak; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ > mjhtJ mijg;
gad;gLj;Jtjd; mD$yk; mjpf;fd;wJ vd;W fUj;jhFk;.

Note :- 1. cuha;tw;w nghwpj; njhFjpf;F nghwpKiweaKk; > NtftpfpjKk; gUkdpy;

rkdhFk;.

2. Kjyhk; > ,uz;lhk; tif nek;Gfspd; Ntftpfpjk; xd;wpYk; mjpfkhFk;.

3. %d;whk; tif nek;GNfhypd; Ntftpfpjk; xd;wpYk; FiwthFk;.

 nghwpapd; rjtPjj; jpwd;

1. nghwpapd; jpwd; vd;gjd; fUj;J vj;jdk; nra;j Ntiy FiwthAk; Rik nra;j Ntiy mjpfkhAk;
mikaNtz;Lk;.
Science & Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.
 Rik nra;j Ntiy
nghwpapd; rjtPjj; jpwd;; = X 100 %
vj;jdk; nra;j Ntiy.

Rik X Rik mire;j Jhuk; Ntiy

nghwpapd; rjtPjj jpwd;; = X 100%
vj;jdk; X vj;jdk; mire;j Jhuk;.

nghwpKiw eak; X 1
nghwpapd rjtPjj; jpwd;; = X 100%
Ntf tpfpjk;.

nghwpKiw eak;
nghwpapd; rjtPjj jpwd;; = X 100%
Ntf tpfpjk;.
gapw;rp :-

500N

750 N 75 cm

NkNy cuha;tw;w Kjyhk; tif nek;G fhy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1. nghwpapd; nghwpKiweak; ahJ?
2. Rikg;Gaj;jpd; ePsk; ahJ?

 rha;jsk;
E – vj;jdk;.
W – epiw.
E X Y X – vj;jdk; mire;j Jhuk;.
Y – Rik mitre;j Jhuk;.

1. rha;thf itf;fg;gl;l gyif my;yJ Vzp >khbg;gb vd;gd rha;jskhff; nfhs;sglgLk;.

2. ,q;F GtpaPh;g;gpw;F vjpuhf Neuhf Ntiy nra;ahky; rha;thfr; nry;tjhy; ,yFthf Ntiy nra;a
KbfpwJ.
3. rha;jsk; cuha;tw;wnjdpd; nghwpKiweaKk; NtftpfpjKk; gUkdpy; rkdhFk;.
4. rha;jsj;jpd; rha;T Fiwa Ntz;Lk; > my;yJ ePsk; mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gapw;rp :-
Science & Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.
vj;jdk; 5m 3m
 750 N

01) rha;jsk; cuha;tw;w njdpd; vj;jdj;jpd; ,opTg; ngWkjp ahJ?

02) rha;jsj;jpd; jpwd; 60% vdpd; Njitg;gLk; vj;jdk; vt;tsT?

 mKf;fk;

1. XuyF gug;gpd; kPJ nrq;Fj;jhf; jhf;Fk; tpir mKf;fkhFk;.

2. vdNt mKf;fk; tpirapYk; gug;gpYk; jq;fpAs;sJ.

tpir
mKf;fk; =
gug;G

3. mKf;fj;jpd; myF = Nm-1 my;yJ (g];fhy;) Pa

4. md;whl tho;tpy; ehk; mKf;fj;ijf; $l;lNtz;bNah my;yJ Fiwf;fNtz;bNah cs;sJ.
5. mKf;fj;ijf; $l;l Ntz;ba rpy re;jh;g;gq;fs; :-
1. Rthpy; Mzp mbf;Fk; NghJ.
2. fj;jpahy; nghUl;fis ntl;Lk; NghJ fj;jpia jPl;Lk; NghJ.
3. mk;Gfspd; Kid $uhf;fg;gLk; NghJ.
6. mKf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;f Ntz;ba rpy re;jh;g;gq;fs; :-
1. fl;llq;fs; mikf;Fk; NghJ mj;jpthuk; Rtiu tpl mfykhf mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
2. ney; tpijf;Fk; NghJ gyiffspd; Nky; epd;W tpijf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
3. kpjpntb mfw;WNthh; mbgUj;j rg;ghj;Jf;fis mzpth;.
4. Gj;jg;igapd; gl;b mfkhf mikf;fg;gLk;.
7. mKf;fj;ijf; $l;l nghJtpy; gug;gsT Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
8. mKf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;f nghJtpy; gug;gsT $l;lg;gLfpd;wJ.
9. jpz;kk; > jputk;> thAf;fs; vd;gd mKf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $bad.

 jput mKf;fk;
1. jput mKf;fk; gpd;tUk; ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ.
1) Mok; $lf; $l mKf;fk; $Lk;.
2) jput mKf;fk; vy;yhj; jpirapYk; jhf;Fk;.
3) jputj;jpd; Fwpj;j kl;lj;jpy; jput mKf;fk; rkd;.
4) jputj;jpd; mlh;j;jp mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ mKf;fKk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.
2. Mok; $Lk; NghJ mKf;fk; $Ltjhy; jhd; Fsj;jpd; mizf;fl;Lf;fs; mbapy; mfykhf
mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
3. jput mKf;fj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp jput ahf;F ,aq;Ffpd;wJ.
4. jput mKf;fj;jpw;Fhpa Nfhit :-

P = hpg h – jput Mok; (nrq;Fj;jhok;)

Science & Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.
P – jput mlh;j;jp > g - <h;g;G Mh;KLfy;.
 jput mKf;fj;jpw;Fhpa rkd;ghL ngwy;

jpzpT
mlh;j;jp =
fdtsT
jpzpT = mlh;j;jp X fdtsT
= pXAXh
h tpir = hpA X g
tpir hpg X A
A mKf;fk; = =
gug;G A
mKf;fk; = hpg

 jput mKf;fj;jpd; ,ay;Gfisg; ghpNrhjpj;jy;

,wgh; Foha;

ghj;jpuk; U Foha;
Gdy;

nkd;rt;T jput kl;l tpj;jpahrk;.

X Y Z jputk;.
ePh;

 ,g;ghpNrhjid mikg;ig Vw;gLj;jp gpd;tUk; nra;Kiwfisr; nra;J mtjhdpg;Gf;fisf;

Fwpj;jy;.
nra;Kiw mtjhdk; KbT
1. Gdiy ePhpd; jput kl;l tpj;jpahrk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. mKf;fk;
fPo;Nehf;fpf;nfhz;L tuy; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
2. Gdiy X,Y,Z ,y; itj;jy; jput kl;l tpj;jpahrk; mKfk; khwtpy;iy.
khwhjpUf;Fk;.
3. ghjpuj;jpDs; NtW jput kl;l tpj;jpahrk; khWgLk;. mKf;fk;
jputq;fis Cw;wp Gdiy xU khWgLfpd;wJ.
kl;lj;jpy; itj;J mtjhdpj;jy;.
4. Gdiy ntt;NtW jpirfspy; jput kl;l tpj;jpahrk; khWgLk;. jput mKf;fk; vy;yhj;
jpUg;gp mtjhdpj;jy;. jpirapYk; jhf;Fk;.

 tspaKf;fk;
Science & Technology
1. tspapd; 10
epiw fhuzkhf tspapyhy; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;w By.- A.R.Emil.
mKf;fk; tspaKf;fkhFk;.
 2. GtpNkw;gug;gpNyNa tspkz;ly mKf;fk; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk;.
3. fly; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J NkNy nry;yr; nry;y tspkz;ly mKf;fk; FiwtilAk;.
4. tspkz;ly mKf;fk; njhlh;ghf ghpNrhjidia Kjypy; nra;J fhl;bath; Count Magdeburg Mthh;.
5. tspkz;ly mKf;fj;jpd; ngWkjp fly; kl;lj;jpy; Vwj;jhs 100 000 Pa MFk;.
6. tspkz;ly mKf;fj;ij msf;f ghukhdp gad;gLfpd;wJ.
7. nghJtpy; ,urg;ghukhdp > jputkpy; ghukhdp vd;gd gad;gLfpd;wd.

 ,urg;ghukhdp

ntw;wplk;.

tspkz;ly mKf;fj;jpd; ngWkjp. (760 mm Hg)

X Y tspkz;ly mKf;fk;.
  
,urk;.
1. ,ur epuypd; cauNk tspkz;ly mKf;fkhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
2. ,ur epuypd; cauk; kpy;yp kPw;wh; ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. mjhtJ 760 mmHg.
3. X,Y vDk; Gs;spfspy; epyTk; mKf;fk; tspkz;ly mKf;fkhFk;.

4. ,urk; nfhz;l Fohia rhpf;Fk; NghJ FohapDs; ,ur kl;lk; tspkz;ly mKf;fj;jpw;F rkdhFk; tiu
caUk;.
5. NkYk; tspkz;ly mKf;fk; kpy;yp ghh; vDk; myfpYk; mstplg;gLk;.
6. 1013 kpy;yp ghh; my;yJ 1.103 ghh; my;yJ 105 Pa vd;gdTk; fly; kl;lj;jpy; tspkz;ly
mKf;fj;jpd; ngWkjpahFk;.
7. tspkz;ly mKf;fj;ijf; nfhz;L tspkz;ly khw;wq;fs; vjph;T $wg;gLfpd;wd.

 jputq;fspd; NkYijg;G
 jputq;fs; jkf;Fs; mkpOk; nghUl;fs; kPJ XU vjph; tpiriaf; nfhLf;Fk; ,t;tpir NkYijg;G
vdg;gLk;.
 NkYijg;G jputq;fspd; mlh;j;jp> nghUspd; fdtsT Nghd;w fhuzpfspy; jq;fpAs;sJ.

 xOq;fw;w nghUspd; fdtsT Jzpjy;

 xOq;fhd tbtKila nghUl;fSf;F fdtsT mg;nghUl;fspd; tbtj;jpw;Nfw;g rkd;ghLfs; %yk; fhz

KbAk;.
 vdpDk; xOq;fw;w nghUl;fspd; fdtsT ANuhf;fhf; fpz;zj;jpd; %yk; JzpaNtz;bAs;sJ.

cjhuzkhf fy;ypd; fdtsT Jzpjy;:-

Ehy;.

ANuhf;fhf; fpz;zk;.
Science & Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.
 fy;. msTr; rhb.

nts;Nawpa ePh;.

KbT 1:-

Nghlg;gl;l nghUspd; fdtsT = ntspNawpw ePhpd; fdtsT

 ePhpd; NkYijg;igg; Jzpjy;

tspapy; epWj;jy;. ePhpy; ,l;L epWj;jy;. (Njhw;w epiw)

(cz;ik epiw)

epA=l;ld; juhR
epA=l;ld;;
juhR

Ehy;

fy; ANuhf;fhf;
fpz;zk;.

fy; msTr; rhb

ntspNawpw ePh;.

KbT 2:-

epiw el;lk; = cz;ik epiw – Njhw;w epiw

KbT 3:-
Science & Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.
epiw el;lk; = ntspNawpa ePhpd; epiw
 KbT 4:-

epiw el;lk; = NkYijg;G

KbT 5:-

epiw el;lk; = NkYijg;G = ntspNawpa ePhpd; epiw

jpzpT
mlh;j;jp = epiw = jpzpT X10
fdtsT

gapw;rpfs; :-

1. mYkpdpaf; Fw;wpapd; mlh;j;jp 2700kgm-3. 0.01 m3 fdtsTila Fw;wpia ePhpDs;

Kw;whf mkpo;j;jpdhy; Fw;wpapd; Njhw;w epiw ahJ?

2. 6kg jpTs;s nghUs; ePhpy; Kw;wh mkpo;j;jg;gLk; NghJ 1kg jpzptpy; el;lk;
Vw;wgl;lJ. Nghlg;gl;l nghUspd; mlh;j;jp ahJ?

3. 6kg jpzpTila 0.02 m3 fdtsTila nghUs; ePhpy; Kw;whf mkpo;j;jg;gl;lhy; nghUspd;

Njhw;w epiw ahJ?

 fg;gpfs;

jdpf;fg;gp fg;gpj; njhFjp.

vj;jdk; vj;jdk;.

Rik

Rik
Science & Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.
 1. fg;gpfs;dhy; fpilf;fk; gpujhd mD$yk; vj;jdj;jpd; jpir GtpaPh;g;G rhh;ghff; nfhz;L
tug;gLjyhFk;.
2. ,jdhy; Ntiy nra;tJ ,yFthfpwJ.
3. jdpf;fg;gpapy; Ntftpfpjk; xd;whFk;. fhuzk; vj;jdk; mire;j Jhuj;jpwFr; rkdhd Jhuj;jpw;F
RikAk; mirAk;.
4. fg;gpj; njhFjpapy; Ntftpfpjk; 4 MFk;. fhuzk; ,q;F Rik xU gq;F caUk; NghJ vj;jdk; ehd;F
gq;F cau Ntz;Lk;.

Science & Technology 10 By.- A.R.Emil.