Grade – 11 By.:- Mr.A.R.Emil.

$h;g;G mwpKfk; :-
 $h;g;G vd;gJ G+kpAk; mjpy; cs;s caphpdq;fSk;
vt;tpjkhf Njhw;wk; ngw;w vdgJ gw;wpa fw;ifahFk;.
 G+kpahdJ #hpadpd; cilT fhuzkhf cUthfpajhff;
$wg;gLfpwJ.
 caphpdq;fspd; Njhw;wk; vd;gJ Kjy; caphpapd; Njhw;wk;
mjpy; ,Ue;J jw;NghJ cs;s mq;fpfs; vt;tpjk;
cUthfpaJ Mfpa gw;wpa tpilaq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
 Kjy; caphpapd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp gy;NtW nfhs;iffs;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpy; rpy>
1. rpwg;Gg;gilg;Gf; nfhs;if.
2. caph; ,urhadf; nfhs;if.

rpwg;Gg;gilg;Gf; nfhs;if :-
 flTs; vdg;gLk; khngUk; rf;jpapd; %yk; G+kpAk; mjpy;
cs;s caphpdq;fsk; xNu jlitapy; my;yJ gy
jlitfspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vdf; $WtJ rpwg;Gg;gilg;Gf;
nfhs;ifahFk;.
 ,f;nfhs;if njhlh;ghf ghpNrhjidfs; %yk; epUgpf;f
Kbahikahy; ,f;nfhs;ifia tpQ;Qhdk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;tjpy;iy.

caph; ,urhadf; nfhs;if :-

 G+kpapy; Kjy; caphp cUthdJ gw;wp Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l
xU nfhs;isahFk;.
Evaluation 1 A.R.Emil.
  ,f;nfhs;ifapy; mlq;Fk; tpilaq;fs; gpd;tUkhW kpfr;
RUff;khff; Fwpg;gplyhk; :-
1. G+kpapd; Mjp tspkz;lyj;jpy; NH3 , CO2 , CH4 , H 2 Mfpa
thAf;fs; fhzg;gl;ld.
2. ,it #hpa xspapy; ,Ue;J te;j GwCjhf; fjph;fSld;
jhf;fj;jpy; <Lgl;ljpdhy; Kjy; caphp Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.
 ,f;nfhs;if myf;rhd;lh; > xg;ghpd; vdgthfshy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ.
 ];lhd;yp > kpy;yh; vd;gth;fshy; Ma;T$lg;ghpNrhjidfs;
%yk; ghpNrhjpf;fg;gl;lJ.

Kjy; caphpapy; ,Ue;J mq;fpfspd; $h;g;G :-

 vspa rpf;fy; jd;ik Fiwe;j mq;fpfspy; ,Ue;J rpf;fy;
jd;ik tha;e;j mq;fpfs; vt;thW cUthfpad vd;gJ
gw;wpf; $WtJ mq;fpf; $h;ghghFk;.
 mq;fpf; $h;g;Gg; gw;wp yhkhf; > lhh;tpd; MfpNahh;
nfhs;iffis Kd;itj;Js;sdh;.

rhs;]; lhh;tpdpd; $h;g;Gf; nfhs;if :-

 1858 ,y; ,f;nfhs;if lhh;tpdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J

,aw;ifj; Njh;Tf; nfhs;if vdTk; miof;f;ggLfpwJ.
 lhh;tpd; HMS Beagle vDk; fg;gypy; ,aw;if
tpQ;Qhdpahff; flikahw;wpa NghJ cyfk; KOtJk;
Rw;wpte;J jpul;ba jfty;fisf; nfhz;L ,f;nfhs;ifia
Kd;itj;jhh;.

Evaluation 2 A.R.Emil.
  ,th; jdJ nfhs;ifia “The Origin Of Species By Means
of Natural Selection” vDk; Ehypy; ntspapl;lhh;.
 ,thpd; nfhs;if gpdtUk; jiyg;GfSlhf
tpghpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
1. kpifAw;gj;jp.
2. khwy;fs;.
3. tho;f;ifg; Nghl;b.
4. jf;fdg;gpioj;jYk; jfhjdfopjYk;.
5. ,aw;ifj;Njh;T.

01) kpifAw;gj;jp :-
 ve;j mq;fpAk; jdJ ,dj;ij epiyngwr; nra;tjw;fhf
vr;rq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wd.
 ,t; vr;rq;fs; mt;tpdk; mope;J Nghfhky;
epiyj;jpUg;gjw;F Njitahd mstpyk; ghh;f;f kpfTk;
mjpfkhFk;.
cjhuzk; :- miukzpj;jpahy tho;f;iff; fhyKila
gf;hPhpah njhlh;e;J ,dk;ngUf;fpr; nrd;why; ,it
rpyehl;fspy; cyif epug;gptpLk;.
 ,k;kpifAw;gj;jp fhuzkhf mq;fpfsplk; ntt;NtW
,ay;Gila jd;ikfs; cUthFk;.

02) khwy; my;yJ Ngjk; :-

 xNu ,dj;ijf; Nrh;e;j mq;fpfspilNa fl;likg;G>
njhopw;ghL> elj;ij> Mfpa ,ay;Gfspy; NtWgl;Lf;
fhzg;gLk; jd;ik khwy; MFk;.

Evaluation 3 A.R.Emil.
  mq;fpapd; ,ay;G ngw;Nwhpd; miuthrpg; guk;giu
myFfshy; jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;.
 ,jdhy; cUthFk; vr;rq;fs; Gjpa ,ay;Gilajhf
,Uf;Fk;.
 NkYk; tpfhuk; fhuzkhfTk; mq;fpfspilNa khwy;fs;
Vw;gLfpd;wd.
 ,t;thW khwy; fhuzkhf xNu Fbj;njhif
mq;fpfspilNa NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

03) tho;ifg; Nghl;b :-

 xNu ,dj;ijf; Nrh;e;j mq;fpfspilNa ghJfhg;G> czT>
thoplk;> ,dg;ngUf;fk;> Nghd;w Njitfspd; nghUl;L
Nghl;bfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
 ,g;Nghl;bfspd; NghJ ntw;wpngWk; mq;fpfs; ,dg;ngUf;f
taJ tiu caph; thOk;.
 Nghl;b %yk; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if ngUksT khwhky;
Ngzg;gLfpwJ.

04) jf;fdg; gpioj;jYk; jfhjd mopjYk; :-

 xj;j mq;fpfspilNa Nghl;b Vw;gLk; NghJ mij ntw;wp
nfhs;tjw;F rhjfkhd ,ay;Gila mq;fpfs; R+oypy;
jg;gpg;giof;fpd;wd.
 mjhtJ mit njhlh;e;J ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;tjw;fhd
tha;g;Gf;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
 ,jdhy; ,t;tpdg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; mq;fpfs; njhlh;eJ
,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;J vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfhpf;fpd;wd.

Evaluation 4 A.R.Emil.
  mjhtJ mit R+oypy; jg;gpg;gpioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd.
 Vidait mope;J Nghfpd;wd.

05) ,aw;ifj; Njh;T :-

 Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ngWk; mq;fpfs; njhlh;e;J
,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;J R+oypy; epiyj;J epw;fpd;wd.
 mit R+oyhy; Njh;T nra;ag;gLfpd;wd vd lhh;tpdhy;
fUjg;gl;lJ.
 ,JNt ,aw;ifj; Njh;Tf; nfhs;ifahFk;.

,aw;ifj; Njh;Tf; nfhs;ifia tpsf;Fjy; :-

 ,aw;ifj; Njh;Tf; nfhs;ifia tpsf;Ftjw;F gy
cjhuzq;fs; Kd;itf;fg; gl;Ls;sd.
 mt;thwhd xU cjhuzk; tUkhW :-
1. kNyhpah Neha; Esk;Gfshy; guTfpd;wd.
2. ,d; epiyapy; Esk;Gfis mopf;f DDT tprpwg;gl;lJ.

(Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)

3. ,jdhy; Esk;Gfs; vz;zpf;ifapy; Fiwtile;J> DDT

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
4. vdpDk; DDT gad;gLj;Jtjhy; kdpjdpy; DDT ,d;
nrwpT mjpfhpj;jJ fz;lwpag;gl;ljhy; DDT ,d; ghtid
jilg;gl;lJ.
5. ,e;epiyapy; kPz;Lk; kNyhpah Neha; Vw;gl;lJ.
6. ,jdhy; kPz;Lk; DDT tprpwg;gl;l NghJ Esk;Gfs;
,wf;ftpy;iy.
Evaluation 5 A.R.Emil.
 ,ij lhh;tpdpd; $h;g;Gf; nfhs;ifapd; gb tpsf;Fjy; :-
 Muk;g Esk;Gf; Fbj;njhifapy; DDT f;F vjph;g;G
rf;jpAs;s Esk;GfSk; DDT f;F vjph;g;G rf;jpaw;w
Esk;Gfsk; fhzg;gl;ld.
 vdpDk; vjph;g;G rf;jpAs;s Esk;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if
Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
 DDT tprpwpaJk; vjph;g;G rf;jpaw;w Esk;Gfs;
vz;zpf;ifapy; rLjpahff; Fiwe;jd.
 ,jdhy; kNyhpah Neha; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
 ,e;epiyapy; DDT ,d;ghtid jilg;gl;lJk; DDT f;F
vjph;g;Grf;jpAs;s Esk;Gfs; vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfk;
ngUfpd.
 ,e;epiyapy; kPz;Lk; DDT ia tprpWk; NghJk; Esk;Gfs;
,wf;ftpy;iy.
 ,e;Esk;Gfs; #oyhy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;litahff;
fUjg;gLk;.
lhh;tpdpd; nfhs;if Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fs; :-
 njspthd rhd;Wfis Kd;itj;jik.
 rpwe;j fUJNfhs;fis Kd;itj;jik.
 fUJNfhs;fis tpsf;Ftjw;F rpwe;j khjphpfis
Kd;itj;jik.

lhh;tpdpd; nfhs;ifapy; cs;s rpy FiwghLfs; :-

 khwy;fs; > Ngjq;fs; Vw;wgl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fs;
Kd;itf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Evaluation 6 A.R.Emil.
  khwy;fs; mLj;jre; jjpf;F vt;tpjk; nry;Yk; vdf;
Fwpg;gpltpy;iy.
 Kjy; mq;fpapd; Njhw;wk; gw;wpf;Fwpg;gpltpy;iy.
 $h;g;G eilngw;wikf;fhd fhymsTfs; gw;wp lhh;tpd;
Fwpg;gpltpy;iy.

$h;g;G eilngw;wikf;fhd rhd;Wfs; :-

01) capf;r;Rtl;Lr; rhd;W :-
 gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; tho;e;j mq;fpfspd; jw;NghJ
fpilf;Fk; gbtq;fs; caph;r;Rtl;Lr; rhd;Wfs; vdg;gLk;.
 Fjpiufspd; caph;r;Rtl;Lr; rhd;Wfspy; ,Ue;J mit
$h;g;gile;Js;sd vd cWjpg;gLj;j KbAk;.
02) xg;gPl;L clyikg;gpay; rhd;W :-
 Ks;se;jz;L tpyq;Ffspd; Itpuyikg;ig xg;gpl;lhy;
mit xj;jpUg;gJ GydhFk;.
 ,J Ks;se;jz;L tpyq;Ffs; ahTk; xU nghJ
%jhijahpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpAs;sd vd;gjw;fhd
rhd;whFk;.
03) gpwg;Ghpikapay; rhd;W :-

 jw;fhy ahidfspd; DNA iaAk; mope;J Nghd

kk;kj;Jf;fspd; DNA iaAk; xg;gpl;L Nehf;Fk; NghJ

mit xNu khjphpahff; fhzg;gl;ld.
 ,J kk;kj;jpypUe;J ahidfs; Njhd;wpapUf;fyhk;
vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

Evaluation 7 A.R.Emil.
 $h;g;G tpUl;rk; :-
 gy;NtW rhd;Wfs; %yk; $h;g;G eilngw;wikia fhy
msTfSld; tpsf;Fjy; $h;g;G tpUl;rkhFk;.
 $h;g;GtpUl;rj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; xU mq;fp vt;tq;fpapy;
,Ue;J vf;fhyj;jpy; $h;g;gile;jJ vd;gijf; $wKbAk;.
 $h;g;G tpUl;rj;jpd; gb Mjpahd mq;fpahf flw;gQ;Rj;
jhtuk; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
 Mjpaq;fpfs; rpy ,d;Wk; khw;kilahky; cs;sd
cjhuzk; - gy;yp> Kjiy vd;gd.
 Fuq;F kdpjd; Mfpad xU nghJ %jhijahpy; ,Ue;J
Njhd;w papUf;fyhk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

kdpjf; $h;g;G :-
 kdjf; $h;g;G kpfTk; gpe;jpa fhyj;jpw;FhpaJ.
 kdpjf; $h;g;gpy; thdufkdpjd;> NfhNkh,ul;nkhfl];>
epahz;ljhy;kdpjd;> NfhNkhNrg;gpad;> NfhNkhNrg;gpad;
Nrhg;gpad; vDk; gbepiyfs; mikfpd;wd.
 jw;fhy kdpjd; Home sapiens sapiens vDk; ngaUilatd;.

Evaluation 8 A.R.Emil.