ABSTRACT ALGEBRA: GROUP • Inverse of an Element.

Let ∗ is a binary operation on set 𝐴

with respect to Binary operation ∗. ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∃ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 ∋ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑏 ∗
BINARY OPERATION 𝑎 = 𝑒, 𝑏 is the inverse of an element 𝐴 with respect to binary
Def. A binary operation on a set is a calculation involving two operation ∗.
elements of the set to produce another element of the set. An
operation ∗ is said to be binary operation on set 𝐴 if ∗ is a Examples.
function from 𝐴 × 𝐴 to 𝐴. 1. Let ∗ is a binary operation on ℤ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑏, is ∗
commutative?
Examples. 2. A binary operation ∗ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 on a ℝ, is ∗
1. Addition is a binary operation on set ℕ ? Subtraction? commutative?
𝑎
Division? Multiplication? 3. A binary operation ∗ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = on a ℝ/{−1}, is ∗
𝑏+1
2. Addition is a binary operation on set ℤ? associative?
3. An operation ∗ is defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 is a binary operation 4. A binary operation ∗ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 on a ℝ, is ∗
on ℤ+ ? associative?
4. An operation ∗ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = |𝑎 − 𝑏| is a binary operation 5. What is the identity element in ℤ with respect to binary
on ℤ+ ? operation +.
5. An operation ∗ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = √𝑎𝑏 is a binary operation on 6. What is the identity element in ℕ with respect to binary
ℝ? operation +.
6. An operation ∗ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 is a binary operation on 7. What is the identity element in ℕ with respect to binary
ℕ? ℝ? operation ×?
7. An operation ∗ defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 is a binary operation on 8. What is the inverse element in ℝ with respect to binary
ℤ+ ? operation ×?
9. What is the inverse element in ℕ with respect to binary
Properties of the Binary Operations operation +?
• Commutative Law. A binary operation ∗ on a set 𝐴 is called 10. What is the inverse element in ℤ with respect to binary
commutative if 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑏 ∗ 𝑎; ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴. operation +?
• Associative Law. A binary operation ∗ on a set 𝐴 is called
associative if 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) = (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) ∗ 𝑐; ∀𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝐴.
• Identity Element. Let ∗ is a binary operation on set 𝐴.
∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∃ 𝑒 ∈ 𝐴 ∋ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑒 = 𝑒 ∗ 𝑎 = 𝑎 , then 𝑒 is called identity
element in set 𝐴 with respect to binary operation ∗.