BDwbU

wmÜz mf¨Zv
3
f‚wgKv
†g‡mvc‡Uwgqv I wgk‡ii g‡Zv fvi‡ZI b`xi Zx‡i M‡o D‡VwQj cÖvPxb mf¨Zv| be¨cÖ¯—i hy‡M
Lv`¨ I Nv‡mi Afve †`Lv w`‡j fvi‡Zi wewfbœ As‡ki gvbyl b`xi Zx‡i emwZ Mo‡Z _v‡K|
KviY, wb‡R‡`i Ges cïi Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb mnR n‡Z cv‡i b`xi Zx‡iB| Gfv‡e, wmÜz b`xi
Zx‡i M‡o D‡VwQj fvi‡Zi cÖvPxb mf¨Zv - wmÜz mf¨Zv| niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡K wfwË K‡i
M‡o DVv wmÜz mf¨Zv Av‡kcv‡ki AviI †ek wKQy AÂj ch©š— we¯—vi jvf K‡i| wmÜz mf¨Zvq
cvIqv wjwc cvV Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| ZvB, GB mf¨Zvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm †Zgbfv‡e Rvbv hvq
bv| Z‡e, aŸsmve‡kl †_‡K cvIqv `ªe¨ mvgMÖx †_‡K GB mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZ m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf
Kiv hvq| wmÜz mf¨Zvi aŸsmve‡kl¸‡jv cÖgvY K‡i cÖvPxbKv‡j GLv‡b DbœZ bMi mf¨Zv M‡o
D‡VwQj| bMi †hgb wQj cwiKwíZ, GKB mv‡_ GLv‡b A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I ag©xq Rxe‡bI
GKUv cwiKíbvi Qvc j¶ Kiv hvq| DÌvb, weKvk Ges cZb mf¨Zvi GKwU AeavwiZ wbqg|
GB wbqg Gov‡Z cv‡iwb wmÜz mf¨Zv| GK mgq Aemvb N‡U GB mf¨Zvi|

wmÜz mf¨Zvi cwiwPwZ

cvV 1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ KLb Ges wKfv‡e wmÜz mf¨Zv Avwe®‹vi Kiv n‡qwQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wmÜz mf¨Zv KZ`~i ch©š— we¯—…Z wQj Zvi weeib w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi Ae¯’vb

cªZœZË¡we`MY eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, wmÜz b‡`i Zx‡i cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡Z cv‡i| ZvB
A‡bKw`b †_‡KB GB AÂj wN‡i AbymÜvb PjwQj| cÖZœZvwË¡KMY niàv A‡j Lbb ïi“ K‡ib
1921 wLª÷v‡ã| niàvi Ae¯’vb eZ©gvb cvwK¯—v‡bi cvÄv‡ei mvwnIqvj †Rjvq| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv
niàvi Ae¯’vb eZ©gvb A‡j Lbb KvR ïi“ nq 1922 wLª÷v‡ã| cvwK¯—v‡bi Aš—M©Z wmÜz‡`‡k jviKvbv †Rjvq
cvwK¯—v‡bi cvÄv‡ei
mvwnIqvj †Rjvq|
g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi Ae¯’vb| Gici †_‡K µgvMZ Lbb KvR Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges ax‡i ax‡i †e‡iv‡Z
_v‡K GB mf¨Zvi we¯§qKi me wb`k©b| niàvi †P‡q HwZnvwmK wb`k©b g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z †ewk
cvIqv hvq| G Kvi‡Y HwZnvwmK‡`i A‡b‡K wmÜz mf¨Zv‡K g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv mf¨Zv e‡j‡Qb|
cvwK¯—v‡bi Aš—M©Z wmÜz‡`‡k Avevi KviI eY©bvq niàvi ms¯‹…wZ ¸i“Z¡ †c‡q‡Q †ewk| Zvu‡`i wbKU wmÜz mf¨Zv niàv
jviKvbv †Rjvq g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi
Ae¯’vb|
ms¯‹…wZ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
wmÜz mf¨Zvi mgqKvj
wmÜz mf¨Zvq wKQy mxj cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| mxj¸‡jvi Mv‡q wQj wjwc †Lvw`Z| G †`‡L cwÊZ‡`i
Abygvb wmÜz mf¨Zvq gvby‡liv wjLb c×wZi D™¢veb K‡iwQj| G mg‡qi mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb m~Î
cvIqv hvqwb| ZvB, wmÜz mf¨Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©bmg~n we‡k−lY Ki‡Z nq| wmÜz
mf¨Zvq cvIqv gvwUi cv‡Îi mv‡_ cÖvPxb †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi gvwUi cv‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q| wmÜzi mxj
my‡gixq mf¨Zvi wewfbœ cÖZœ¯’‡j cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| Gme wePv‡i cÖZœZvwË¡K m¨vi Rb gvk©vj wm×vš—
 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wb‡q‡Qb †h, wmÜz mf¨Zvi me‡P‡q †MŠi‡ei mgq wQj wLª÷c~e© 3250 †_‡K 2750 A‡ãi
wmÜz mf¨Zvi me‡P‡q
†MŠi‡ei mgq wQj wLª÷c~e© g‡a¨| HwZnvwmK AvBfvi wiRbvi wmÜz mf¨Zvi D™¢eKvj g‡b K‡ib 3600 wLª÷c~e©vã| wmÜz
3250 †_‡K 2750 A‡ãi mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡i me‡P‡q eo f‚wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb weL¨vZ cÖZœZË¡we` m¨vi gwU©gvi ûBjvi| Zvui
g‡a¨| g‡Z, wmÜz mf¨Zv ïi“ n‡qwQj 2500 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|

g‡nv‡Äv`v‡iv bMixi Avwe®‹vi

g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡i
cÖavb K…wZZ¡ GKRb ev½vjxi| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡i cÖavb K…wZZ¡ GKRb ev½vjxi| wZwb HwZnvwmK ivLvj `vm
wZwb HwZnvwmK ivLvj `vm e‡›`vcva¨vq| wZwb g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv mf¨Zv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib 1922 wLª÷v‡ã| wmwÜ fvlvq
e‡›`vcva¨vq| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv k‡ãi A_© nj g„‡Zi mgvwa ev ¯—‚c| GiI `yB eQi Av‡M niàvq Abyiƒc ms¯‹…wZ
Avwe®‹…Z nq| Avwe®‹vi K‡ib HwZnvwmK `qvivg mvnwb| G mgq m¨vi Rb gvk©vj fviZxq
gwmÜz mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡i cÖZœZË¡ wefv‡Mi gnvcwiPvjK wQ‡jb| Zvui †Póvq GB `yB A‡j e¨vcK LbbKvh© ïi“ nq| wmÜz
wZbRb cÖZœZvwË¡K we‡kl mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡i wZbRb cÖZœZvwË¡K we‡kl fzwgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zvuiv n‡”Qb Kvkxbv_ `xw¶Z,
fzwgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zvuiv bbx †Mvcvj gRyg`vi Ges m¨vi gwU©gvi ûBjvi|
n‡”Qb Kvkxbv_ `xw¶Z, bbx
†Mvcvj gRyg`vi Ges m¨vi
gwU©gvi ûBjvi| wmÜz mf¨Zvi we¯—vi
cÖ_gw`‡K aviYv Kiv n‡Zv, wmÜz b`xi Zx‡i GB mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj| G Kvi‡YB mf¨ZvwUi
bvg †`qv n‡qwQj wmÜz mf¨Zv| c‡i, Kvwje½vb bv‡gi A‡j gvwU Lyu‡o cvIqv hvq AviI
GKwU kn‡ii aŸsmve‡kl| AÂjwU eZ©gvb fviZ I cvwK¯—v‡bi mxgv‡š— cyi‡bv mi¯^Zx b`xi
Zx‡i| Gici †_‡K Pvicv‡ki wewfbœ A‡j mÜvb wgj‡Z _v‡K cyi‡bv ms¯‹…wZi| G‡Z eySv
hvq wmÜz mf¨Zv A‡bK `~i ch©š— we¯—vi jvf K‡iwQj| wmÜz mf¨Zvi hy‡Mi Av‡iKwU ms¯‹…wZi
mÜvb wg‡j bg©`v b`xi †gvnbvq| niàv ms¯‹…wZi we¯—vi N‡UwQj †mŠivóª, Kvw_Iqvi Ges
¸Riv‡U| GQvovI ivR¯’v‡b wmÜzi Aš—M©Z Pvbû`v‡iv‡Z Ges Avng`vev‡`i †jv_v‡j| evwY‡R¨i
cÖ‡qvR‡b wmÜz mf¨Zvi gvbyl wewfbœ †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡owQj| AvaywbK BwZnvmwe`‡`i g‡Z, niàv
ms¯‹…wZ Qwo‡q c‡owQj cwðg Bivb I cvwK¯—v‡bi ga¨eZ©x mxgvš—, Dˇi wngvj‡qi cv`‡`k
Ges K¨v‡¤^ DcmvMi ch©š—| g‡b Kiv nq, niàvi gvbyl c~e©w`‡K AMÖmi n‡q bZzb bZzb AÂj
AwaKvi K‡iwQj| nwiqvbvi Aš—M©Z iƒcv‡i I DËi cÖ‡`‡ki AvjgMxicy‡i GB ms¯‹…wZi mÜvb
cvIqv wM‡q‡Q|
niàv ms¯‹…wZi wKQyKvj Av‡M g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZi cËb N‡UwQj| cvwK¯—v‡bi †KvUw`wR,
Avgwi, SzKvi, g½vi cÖf„wZ A‡j G ms¯‹…wZi we¯—vi N‡UwQj| niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv wg‡j M‡o
DVv wmÜz mf¨Zvi we¯—vi‡K GKwU mxgv‡iLvq Uvbv hvq - Dˇi wngvj‡qi cv`‡`k †_‡K `w¶‡Y
K¨v‡¤^ DcmvMi Avie mvMi Ges cwð‡g Bivb-cvwKš—vb mxgvš— †_‡K c~‡e© fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`k
ch©š—| cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðgvs‡k GK wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o GB mf¨Zvi we¯—vi N‡UwQj|

mvi-ms‡¶c wmÜz mf¨Zv fvi‡Zi cÖvPxbZg mf¨Zvi cÖ_g wb`k©b| cÖavbZ wmÜz b‡`i Zx‡i GB mf¨Zv
M‡o DV‡jI Gi we¯—vi N‡UwQj wekvj AÂje¨vcx| niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv wmÜz mf¨Zvi
cÖvPxbZg wb`©kb| GKB mg‡qi ms¯‹…wZ bZzb bZzb AviI A‡bK A‡j Avwe®‹vi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB mKj ms¯‹…wZ GKwÎZfv‡e wmÜz mf¨Zv bv‡g cwiwPZ|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 3.1

‰be©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| m¨vi gwU©gvi ûBjvi Gi g‡Z wmÜz mf¨Zv ïi“ n‡qwQj−
K. 2750 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
L. 2500 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
M. 3600 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
28

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

2| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡ii cÖavb K…wZ‡Z¡i `vwe`vi−

K. m¨vi Rb gvk©vj|
L. bbx †Mvcvj gRyg`vi|
M. ivLvj `vm e‡›`vcva¨vq|
3| 1922 mv‡j Avwe®‹vi Kiv nq−
K. niàv ms¯‹…wZ|
L. g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZ|
M. †mvqvb ms¯‹…wZ|
4| niàv ms¯‹…wZ M‡o D‡VwQj−
K. g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZi Av‡M|
L. g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZi c‡i|
M. GKB mg‡q|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki“b|
2. wmÜz mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡ii BwZnvm eY©bv Ki“b|
3. g‡nv‡Äv`v‡iv bMixi Awe®‹vi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`b|
4. wmÜz mf¨Zvi we¯—…wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
29

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

niàv
cvV 2
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ niàv bMixi cwiPq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ niàv bMixi wbg©vZv Kviv †m m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ niàv ms¯‹…wZi wewfbœ w`K m¤^‡Ü e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

niàv bMixi cwiPq

cvV- 1 G, Avcbviv wmÜz mf¨Zvi cwiPq †c‡q‡Qb| GB mf¨Zvi cÖavb `yB bMi niàv I
g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi mv‡_ cwiPq n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb cv‡V GB niàv A‡j M‡o DVv ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_
niàv mf¨Zvi gvby‡liv cÖ_g Avcbviv cwiwPZ n‡eb| niàv mf¨Zvi gvby‡liv cÖ_g MÖvgxY Rxeb cwiZ¨vM K‡i PgrKvi bMi
MÖvgxY Rxeb cwiZ¨vM K‡i M‡o Zz‡jwQj| GB bM‡ii cwiKíbv †`‡L aviYv Kiv hvq †h, bMievmx myk„•Lj I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z
PgrKvi bMi M‡o Zz‡jwQj| fv‡e M‡o Zz‡jwQj bMiwU‡K|

niàv bM‡ii mgZjf‚wgi mxgv wQj AvovB gvBj| wmÜzi Dcb`x ivfxi Zx‡i M‡o D‡VwQj
niàv bMix| bM‡ii `yÕ‡Uv cÖavb Ask wQj| GKwU Ask msiw¶Z GjvKv ev `yM©| abx I
AwfRvZ †kªYxi †jv‡Kiv `yM© GjvKvq emevm Ki‡Zv| Avi `wi`ª gvbyl‡`i evm wQj kn‡ii
Ab¨ As‡k| `y‡M©i evB‡i M‡o D‡VwQj cÖK…Z kni| niàv bM‡ii iv¯—v¸‡jv wQj †mvRv|
†Kv_vI †Kvb evuK wQj bv| iv¯—v¸‡jv †ek cÖk¯— wQj| cÖavb mo‡Ki cÖk¯—Zv wQj 35 dzU|
me‡P‡q Kg cÖk¯— iv¯—vwU wQj 10 dz‡Ui| GQvovI †QvU †QvU wKQy Mwjc_I wQj| †h¸‡jv 5 dzU
PIov nZ| mo‡Ki cÖvš—mxgvi evox¸‡jv e„ËvKv‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡Zv| aviYv Kiv nq moK `yN©Ubv
c„w_exi mKj cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi Gov‡bvi Rb¨B GB e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡qwQj| bMievmx‡`i cvwb mieiv‡ni PgrKvi e¨e¯’v wQj|
g‡a¨ wmÜz mf¨Zvi GB
c‡_i av‡i K‚c Lbb Kiv n‡Zv| A‡bK evwoi D‡Vv‡bI K‚c wQj| bMi Rxeb cwi”Qbœ ivLvi
e¨e¯’vB wQj me‡P‡q
AvaywbK| Rb¨ gvwUi bx‡P †Wªb evbv‡bv n‡Zv| c„w_exi mKj cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi g‡a¨ wmÜz mf¨Zvi GB
e¨e¯’vB wQj me‡P‡q AvaywbK| GQvovI evwo¸‡jv‡Z wQj øvbvMvi I gqjv cvwb †ei nIqvi
Dc‡hvMx †Wªb| bMi KZ…©c¶ iv¯—vNvU cwi”Qbœ ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ c‡_i cv‡k Wvóweb ivLvi e¨e¯’v
wQj| evB‡ii kΓ hv‡Z AvµgY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ cÖwZi¶vi e¨e¯’v wQj| kn‡ii cwðg
cÖv‡š— ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj myiw¶Z `yM©|

niàv bMixi wbg©vZv

†Kvb& RvwZ niàv bMix m„wó K‡i‡Q Zv wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq bv| G wb‡q cwÊZ‡`i g‡a¨ weZK©
i‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb cwʇZi aviYv niàv kni m„wó n‡qwQj Avh©‡`i AvMg‡bi c~‡e©| ZvB
`ªvweofvlx GK RvwZ GB ms¯‹…wZi mªóv| Aciw`‡K †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib, Avh©iv niàv ms¯‹…wZ
m„wó K‡i‡Q| Zvu‡`i g‡Z, niàv ms¯‹…wZ ˆew`K ms¯‹…wZi Askwe‡kl| GQvovI niàv ms¯‹…wZi
mªóv †K Zv wb‡q AviI wKQy gZ Av‡Q| GB gZ Abyhvqx my‡gixq, cQwY, Am~i, eªvZ¨, evnxK,
`vm, bvM, eªvûB cÖf…wZ RvwZ m¤úÖ`vq I fvlvi †jv‡Kiv niàv ms¯‹…wZ m„wó K‡iwQj e‡j A‡b‡K
g‡b K‡ib| wKš‘, G wb‡q ˆeÁvwbKfv‡e hvuiv M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb Zvuiv niàv A‡j Lbb Kv‡h©i
ci †h mg¯— biK¼vj ev gvby‡li †`‡ni Askwe‡kl cvIqv wM‡q‡Q Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU
wm×v‡š— G‡m‡Qb| Zvuiv g‡b K‡ib niàv ms¯‹…wZ m„wó n‡q‡Q wewfbœ RvwZi wgwjZ †Póvq|

¯’vcZ¨
niàvq wZb ai‡bi ¯’vcZ¨
niàvq GKwU DbœZ bMixB ïay M‡o D‡Vwb, GKwU D¾¡j ms¯‹…wZiI weKvk N‡UwQj| ¯’vcZ¨
Ly‡R cvIqv wM‡q‡Q Zv nj,
mvavib Nievwo, e„nr wk‡íi PgrKvi weKvk N‡UwQj GLv‡b| wZb ai‡bi ¯’vcZ¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv wM‡q‡Q niàvq| G¸‡jv
cÖvmv`mg~n `~M©| n‡”Q mvaviY Nievwo, e„nr cÖvmv`mg~n Ges `yM©| niàvq wewfbœ AvK…wZi emZevwoi mÜvb
cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| †Kv_vI wØ-K¶, †Kv_vI cvuP K¶ wewkó evwoi wb`k©b Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
30

I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

GKvwaK Zjvi NievwoiI mÜvb cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| wekvj AvK…wZi †ek wKQy PgrKvi cÖvmv`
cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| g‡b Kiv nq ivRcyi“l‡`i emev‡mi Rb¨ G¸‡jv wbg©vY Kiv n‡qwQj| niàvq
169 dzU `xN© I 135 dzU cÖk¯— km¨vMvi wQj| km¨ Rgv ivLvi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y© kl¨vMviwU 50 dzU
`xN© I 20 dzU cÖk¯— A‡bK¸‡jv K‡¶ wef³ Kiv n‡qwQj| km¨ hv‡Z bó bv nq †m Rb¨
K¶¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq evZvm cÖev‡ni e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡qwQj| g‡b Kiv nq, ivR¯^ wn‡m‡e
Rbmvavi‡Yi KvQ †_‡K km¨ Av`vq K‡i GLv‡b Rgv ivLv n‡Zv|

niàv mf¨Zvi mxj I `ªe¨ mvgMÖx

cv_i I †eªv‡Äi ˆZwi cÖPzi g~wZ© cvIqv wM‡q‡Q niàvq| cÖvß †cvovgvwUi g~wZ© niàv ms¯‹…wZi
GK D¾¡j wb`k©b| †cvovgvwUi †QvU †QvU gvbyl I RxeRš‘i g~wZ© A‡bK `¶Zvi cwiPq enb
K‡i|

g‡n‡Äv`‡ov I niàvq cÖvß mxj‡gvni

niàvq Pvi‡KvYv AvK…wZi †ek wKQy mxj cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| mx‡j PgrKvifv‡e wPÎwjwc A¼b Kiv
n‡Zv| mx‡j mvaviYZ luvo, gwnl cÖf…wZ cïi cÖwZK…wZ †Lv`vB Kiv n‡Zv| g‡b Kiv nq-wKQyUv
ag©xq, wKQzUv evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj mxj¸‡jv| evwY‡R¨i cÖ‡qvR‡b niàvb‡`i
gvjc‡Îi mv‡_ Gme mxjI cvVv‡bv n‡Zv| cÖgvY wnmv‡e †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi Di, wKk cÖf„wZ
A‡j cvIqv mxj D‡j−L‡hvM¨| Gme QvovI niàvq cvIqv `ª‡e¨i g‡a¨ †Ljbv, Aj¼vi,
g„rcvÎ, avZz`ªe¨ BZ¨vw` cÖavb| niàvq gvwUi ˆZwi `yB PvKvi lvu‡oi †Ljbv Mvwo cvIqv
wM‡q‡Q| GQvovI †cvovgvwU I Zvgvi G°vMvwo, cvwL cÖf„wZi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¯^Y©, †iŠc¨
I †eªv‡Äi Aj¼vi ˆZwi n‡Zv niàvq| Kzgv‡iiv gm„Y g„rcvÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Zv| gvwU I avZzi
ˆZRmcÎ cvIqv wM‡q‡Q niàvq| niàvq `ªe¨ mvgMÖx IRb Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi evULviv
e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| IRb m¤ú‡K© aviYv †_‡K eySv hvq †m hy‡M niàvq MwY‡Zi PP©v Kiv n‡Zv|
R¨vwgwZ m¤ú‡K© Ávb wQj e‡jB Zviv PgrKvi bMi cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| Gfv‡e
niàvi wewfbœ wb`k©b wePvi K‡i GB A‡ji DbœZ ms¯‹…wZ m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf Kiv hvq|

g‡n‡Äv`‡ov cÖvß cïcwZ g~wZ©

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
31

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mvi-ms‡¶c wmÜz mf¨Zvi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© AÂj wQj niàv| GLv‡b DbœZ ms¯‹…wZi weKvk N‡UwQj| g‡b
Kiv nq `ªvweo RvwZ †Kvb GK Kv‡j GB mf¨Zv M‡o Zz‡jwQj| Aek¨ G wb‡q gZ‡f`
i‡q‡Q| Ávb, weÁvb, wkíKjv, bMi cwiKíbv cÖf…wZ †¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q niàv|
niàv ms¯‹…wZ wmÜz mf¨ZviB D¾¡j `„óvš—|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 3.2

‰be©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| niàv bM‡ii AvqZb−
K. AvovB gvBj|
L. cvuP gvBj|
M. `k gvBj|
2| niàv ms¯‹…wZ m„wó K‡i‡Q−
K. Avh©iv|
L. `ªvweoiv|
M. wewfbœ RvwZ wgwjZfv‡e|
3| niàvi e„nr cÖvmv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡”Q−
K. e„nr øvbvMvi|
L. ivR cÖvmv`|
M. kl¨vMvi|
4. niàvq cvIqv mx‡j †Lvw`Z _vK‡Zv−
K. eY© wjwc|
L. wPÎ wjwc|
M. cÖZxKx wjwc|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. niàv bMixi cwiPq w`b|
2. niàvq cÖvß mvgMÖxi weeiY w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
32

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv
cvV 3
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv kn‡ii bMi cwiKíbv †Kgb wQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z †h GKwU DbœZ cwigvc c×wZi weKvk N‡UwQj Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi wkíKjv m¤ú‡K© weeib w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

bMi cwiKíbv
cvV- 1 G Avcbviv †R‡b‡Qb, cvwK¯—v‡bi Aš—M©Z jviKvbv †Rjvq wmÜzi g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi
Ae¯’vb| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZ niàv ms¯‹…wZiB Abyiƒc wQj| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡ZI M‡o D‡VwQj
GKwU bMi| bMi cwiKíbv wQj niàviB Abyiƒc| iv¯—vNvU, `yM©, cvwb mieivn e¨e¯’v mewKQyB
wg‡j hvq niàvi mv‡_| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv bM‡ii cÖwZwU evwo‡Z GKwU K‡i øvbvMvi Ges gqjv
cvwb †ei nIhvi Rb¨ †Wª‡bi e¨e¯’v wQj| kn‡ii gqjv cvwb †ei nIqvi Rb¨ cq:cÖYvjx wQj|
GB †Wª‡bi mv‡_B hy³ n‡q‡Q wewfbœ emZ evwoi †Wªb¸‡jv| †Wªb¸‡jv †KvbwU gvwUi Dc‡i
Avevi †KvbwU gvwUi bxP w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv n‡Zv| †Wªb ‰Zwi‡Z e¨envi Kiv nZ †cvov‡bv BU|
cvwK¯—v‡bi Aš—M©Z jviKvbv
†Rjvq wmÜzi g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi †Wª‡bi cvwb wM‡q coZ mivmwi b`x‡Z| cÖZœZË¡we`MY cÖgvY †c‡q‡Qb †h, †Wª‡bi cvBc¸‡jv
Ae¯’vb| gv‡S gv‡S cwi®‹vi Kiv‡bv n‡Zv| kn‡ii Ges evwoN‡ii RÄvj †djvi Rb¨ RvqMvq RvqMvq
Wv÷web ivLv n‡Zv| niàvi gZ g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡ZI wQj moK evwZi e¨e¯’v| evB‡ii AvµgY
†_‡K bMi‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ niàvi g‡Zv GLv‡bI `yM© ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj| GB `yM© wQj bM‡ii
cwðg cv‡k| Gfv‡eB GKwU PgrKvi cwiKíbvq c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg bM‡ii Ab¨Zg
g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi bMi M‡o D‡V|

IRb I cwigvc
g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv bM‡ii A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v Ges evwY‡R¨i Ae¯’v †h fvj wQj Zv GB mf¨Zvq cvIqv
wb`k©b †_‡K Rvbv hvq| `ªe¨mvgMÖx µq I weµh Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wQj GKwU mwVK cwigvc
IR‡bi Rb¨ bMievmxiv
wewfbœ cwigv‡ci evULviv c×wZ| IR‡bi Rb¨ bMievmxiv wewfbœ cwigv‡ci evULviv e¨envi Ki‡Zv| †QvU evULviv¸‡jvi
e¨envi Ki‡Zv| AvK…wZ wQj Pvi‡KvYv| Avi eo¸‡jv wQj †MvjvKvi| †Kvb †KvbwU wQj wKQyUv †KŠwYK|
mvaviYZ cv_i w`‡h evULviv ˆZwi Kiv n‡Zv| evULviv¸‡jvi IRb mgvb _vKvq aviYv Kiv nq
IR‡bi e¨vcv‡i wmÜz mf¨Zvi †jv‡Kiv mZK© wQj| eo eo Ges fvwi wRwbm IRb Kivi Rb¨
g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi bMievmxiv †eªv‡Äi †¯‹j e¨envi Ki‡Zv| fvwi e¯‘ IRb Kivi Rb¨ KvVLÛ
e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| KvVL‡Ûi GK cÖv‡š— `ªe¨ †eu‡a IRb Kiv n‡Zv| †Kvb wRwb‡mi ˆ`N©¨ gvcvi
Rb¨ g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi gvby‡liv †¯‹j e¨envi KiZ| Zv‡`i †¯‹‡ji ˆ`N¨© wQj 20.62 BwÂi mgvb|
cwigvc`‡Û wbw`©ó Ni KvUv n‡Zv|

e„nr nj, e„nr øvbvMvi, cv_i I †eªv‡Äi g~wZ©

wkíKjvi wewfbœ †¶‡Î g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| bMievmx‡`i Rb¨ cvKv Nievwo
ˆZwi Kiv n‡Zv| G mg¯— Nievwo wQj eû K¶wewkó| m`i iv¯—vi w`‡K gyL Kiv _vK‡Zv evwoi
†ek wKQy PgrKvi cÖvmv‡`i cÖ‡ek `iRv¸‡jv| evwo¸‡jv‡Z kqb K¶ QvovI Kz‡qv Ges øvbvMvi _vK‡Zv| GQvovI ivbœvNi,
wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q ¸`vgNi cÖf…wZiI e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡Zv| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi Nievwo †`‡L aviYv Kiv hvq bMievmxiv
g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z| Gi g‡a¨ wejvmeûj, cwi”Qbœ I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zv| †ek wKQy PgrKvi cÖvmv‡`i wb`k©b cvIqv
Ab¨Zg wQj Ôe„nr njÕ| †M‡Q g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg wQj Ôe„nr njÕ| GB njNiwU 80 dzU `xN© RvqMv Ry‡o
ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj| njN‡ii wfZ‡i cvZv wQj mvwi mvwi †eÂ| †e¸‡jvi mvg‡b wQj
c−vUdig| cÖk¯— eviv›`v wQj njN‡ii mvg‡b| cwÊZ‡`i wePv‡i GwU wQj g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv bM‡ii
mfvM„n| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z 230×78 dz‡Ui cÖKvÛ cÖvmv` Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q| cÖvmv‡`i Pvicv‡k
wQj cyi“ †`qvj| Abygvb Kiv nq GwU kvmK‡`i cÖvmv` wQj| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi e„nr mœvbvMvi bv‡g

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
33

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cwiwPZ GKwU cÖKvÛ ¯’vcZ¨ wb`k©b cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| e„nr mœvbvMv‡ii NiwU 180 dzU `xN© I
g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi e„nr øvbvMvi
bv‡g cwiwPZ GKwU cÖKvÛ 108 dzU cÖk¯—| cÖvmv‡`i †K‡›`ª wQj mvuZvi KvUvi Dc‡hvMx GKwU wekvj †PŠev”Pv| †PŠev”PvwU
¯’vcZ¨ wb`k©b cvIqv 39 dzU `xN©, 23 dzU cÖk¯— I 8 dzU Mfxi wQj| GwU hy³ Kiv wQj GKwU Kz‡qvi mv‡_| e¨eüZ
wM‡q‡Q| cvwb †Wª‡bi gva¨‡g †ei K‡i †`qvi e¨e¯’v wQj| mœvbvMv‡ii †`qvj wQj B‡Ui ˆZwi| †`qv‡ji
Mv‡q myiwK, wRcmvg I weUzwg‡bi cÖ‡jc †`qv n‡Zv| mœvbvMv‡ii Pvicv‡k wQj eviv›`v| hviv
†Mvmj Ki‡Z AvmZ eviv›`vi †cQ‡bi wZb w`‡K Zv‡`i Rb¨ wQj K¶ I M¨vjvwi| aviYv Kiv
nq, e„nr øvbvMviwU wØ-Zj wQj Ges †mLv‡b A‡bK K¶ wQj| †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib GB
mœvbvMviwU ag©xq D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj|

niàvi gZ g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡ZI GKwU wekvj `yM© wQj| `y‡M©i ˆ`N©¨ wQj 1200 dzU Ges cÖ¯’ 600
niàvi gZ g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡ZI dzU| `y‡M©i Pviw`‡K 40 dzU DuPz cÖwZi¶v †`qvj wQj| `~‡M©i †`qvj ˆZwi Kiv nZ Kv`vgvwU I
GKwU wekvj `yM© wQj| †iv‡` ïKv‡bv BU w`‡q | `y‡M©i evB‡ii As‡k 4 dzU cyi“ †cvov‡bv B‡Ui Av‡iKwU AwZwi³
†`qvj wQj| niàvi gZ g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡ZI cv_i Ges †eªv‡Äi ˆZwi A‡bK g~wZ© cvIqv wM‡q‡Q|
GB g~wZ©¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mycwiwPZ n‡”Q big cv_‡ii ˆZwi GKwU cyi“l g~wZ©| wkíx AZ¨š— `¶Zvi
mv‡_ `vwo, †PvL, Kvb, bvK cÖf…wZ wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| GQvovI wKQy PgrKvi †eªvÄ g~wZ© cvIqv
wM‡q‡Q| b„Z¨iZv †g‡qi g~wZ© Gi GK D¾¡j wb`k©b| †g‡q g~wZ©wUi Wvb nvZ †Kvg‡ii Dci
wQj| evg nvZ I cy‡iv evû Ry‡o civ‡bv wQj evjv| nvZwU Avj&‡Zvfv‡e cv‡qi Dc‡i ivLv wQj|
g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z †ek wKQy †eªv‡Äi cïg~wZ© cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡j−L Kiv hvq
wbLyuZfv‡e ˆZwi luvo I QvM‡ji g~wZ©| †cvovgvwUi wKQy g~wZ©I cvIqv wM‡q‡Q g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z|
niàvi g‡Zv GLv‡bI cÖPzi mxj cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| wkíxMY AZ¨š— `¶Zv I wbcyYZvi mv‡_ Qywi,
†QvU evUvwj, †Q`K Ges KivZ w`‡q cv_i †K‡U Gme mxj ˆZwi Ki‡Zv| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z
Kzgv‡ii PvKvq ‰Zwi A‡bK gm„Y g„rcvÎ cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| G mg¯— wb`k©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q
g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZ m¤^‡Ü ¯úó aviYv cvIqv hvq|

mvi-ms‡¶c wmÜz mf¨Zvi Ab¨Zg bMi g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv| niàvi mv‡_ wgj GB bM‡ii| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi bMi
cwiKíbv wQj †m hy‡Mi wePv‡i A‡bKUv AvaywbK| AvKl©Yxq bMi Movi cvkvcvwk
evwY‡R¨iI AMÖMwZ n‡qwQj g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z| wkíKjvi wewfbœ †¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© K…wZ‡Z¡i
cwiPq †i‡LwQj g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi gvby‡liv| ¯’vcZ¨ I fv¯‹h© wbg©v‡Y g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi gvbyl †h
h‡_ó cÖwZfvi cwiPq †`Lv‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv Avwe®‹…Z wewfbœ wb`k©b †_‡K Rvbv hvq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 3.3

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv Aew¯’Z−
K. cvÄv‡e|
L. wmÜz‡Z|
M. ivR¯’v‡b|
2| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi e„nr cÖvmv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡”Q−
K. e„nr `yM©|
L. e„nr nj|
M. e„nr cÖvmv`|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
34

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

3| e„nr øvbvMv‡ii NiwU−

K. 180 dzU `xN©|
L. 108 dzU `xN©|
M. 23 dzU `xN©|
4| g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z cvIqv Kzgv‡ii PvKvq ˆZwi n‡Zv−
K. g~wZ©|
L. A¯¿|
M. gm„Y g„rcvÎ|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv kn‡ii bMi cwiKíbv †Kgb wQj eY©bv Ki“b|
2. g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z †h GKwU DbœZ cwigvc c×wZi weKvk N‡UwQj - Zvi e¨vL¨v w`b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
35

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wmÜz mf¨Zvi Ae`vb

cvV 4
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ wmÜz mf¨Zvi mgvR Rxeb †Kgb wQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wmÜz mf¨Zvi A_©‰bwZK Rxeb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wmÜz mf¨Zvi ivR‰bwZK I ag©xq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wmÜz mf¨Zvi wjLb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© weeib w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewfbœ †ckvi gvby‡li evm

wmÜz mf¨Zvi aŸsmve‡kl †_‡K cvIqv `ªe¨mvgMÖx we‡k−lY K‡i GB mf¨Zvi gvbyl wKfv‡e
mgvRRxe‡bi weKvk NwU‡qwQj Zv Rvbv hvq| wmÜz mf¨Zvq GKw`‡K †hgb g~j¨evb avZzi
Aj¼vi I evmb‡Kvmb cvIqv wM‡q‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K Kg g~‡j¨i avZz I †cvovgvwUi `ªe¨vw`I cvIqv
wmÜz mf¨Zvi Av`k© wM‡q‡Q| G †_‡K aviYv Kiv nq mgv‡R wewfbœ Av‡qi †jvK emevm Ki‡Zv| †KD K…wlKvR
KiZ, †KD e¯¿ eqY Ki‡Zv, †KD evbv‡Zv g„rcvÎ| Avevi KviI †ckv wQj BU ˆZwi|
knievmx‡`i Rxeb
eo eo Nievwo †`‡L †evSv hvq, knievmxiv †ek ¯^”Qj wQj| c~e©eZ©x cv‡V g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z
b„Z¨iZv †g‡qi g~wZ©i K_v †R‡b‡Qb| GB g~wZ© †_‡K cÖgvY cvIqv hvq †h, knievmx‡`i g‡a¨
b„Z¨wk‡íi cÖPjb wQj| mewKQy wePv‡i aviYv Kiv nq †ek msMwVZ GKwU mgvR e¨e¯’v M‡o
Zz‡jwQj g‡nv‡Äv`v‡iv evmxiv|
wewfbœ †kªYxi gvbyl
aŸsmve‡kl †_‡K cvIqv wb`k©b cÖgvY K‡i Aš—Zt g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv‡Z Pvi †kªYxi gvbyl emevm
KiZ| 1. wkw¶Z †kªYx 2. †hv×v †kªYx 3. e¨emvqx I KvwiMi †kªYx Ges 4. kªgRxex †kªYx| Pvi
ai‡bi †ckvi gvbyl wkw¶Z †kªYxi Aš—f©y³ wQ‡jb| Giv n‡”Qb, cy‡ivwnZ, wPwKrmK, †R¨vwZlx
Ges hvRK| wmÜz mf¨Zvq cvIqv `yM©, cvnviv`vi‡`i Ni I hy×v¯¿ †`‡L Abygvb Kiv nq †h,
GKwU †hv×v †kªYxi Aw¯—Z¡ wQj GLv‡b| Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z A‡bK ai‡bi †ckvi gvbyl Aš—fz©³ wQj|
†hgb- ivRwg¯¿x, wjwcKi, kvuLvix, ¯^Y©Kvi, ZvuZx, Qy‡Zvi BZ¨vw`| M„nKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK,
K…lK, gy‡U cÖf„wZ †ckvi †jvK PZz_© †kªYxfz³ wQj|

Lv`¨
bMievmxiv Mi“, QvMj, ïKi, nvum-gyiMx, K”Qc BZ¨vw`i gvsm †L‡Zv| Z‡e, Mg wQj Zv‡`i
cÖavb Lv`¨| he Ges †LRyiI Zv‡`i wcÖq Lv`¨ wQj| gvQ LzeB mvaviY Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
n‡Zv| mwâ, dj, `ya BZ¨vw`I wmÜz mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv †L‡Zv e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq|
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v
wmÜz mf¨Zvi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v Rvbvi Rb¨ G A‡ji K…wl, wkí I evwY‡R¨i w`K¸‡jv‡K
we‡k−lY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mewKQy wePv‡i Abygvb Kiv nq wmÜz mf¨Zvq GKwU RgRgvU
A_©‡bwZK Ae¯’v weivR KiZ|
KvwiMwi wk‡íi weKvk
GB mf¨Zvi gvby‡li cÖavb †ckv wQj K…wlKvR| cÖavb K…wlcY¨ wQj Mg, evwj© I Zzjv| K…wlKv‡R
e¨envi Kiv nZ lvuo| K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ KvwiMiiv wewfbœ K…wl Dc‡hvMx hš¿cvwZ ˆZwi Ki‡Zv|
Zvgv I †eªv‡Äi A¯¿ I e¨envh© `ªe¨ avZe wk‡íi AMÖMwZi K_v cÖgvY K‡i| Z‡e, wmÜzevmxiv
†jvnvi e¨envi Rvb‡Zv bv| eqbwkíxiv Zzjv I †ikgx e¯¿ eqb Ki‡Zv| wbg©vY Kv‡h© e¨envi

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
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 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Kiv n‡Zv KvuPv Ges Av¸‡b †cvov BU| Gme QvovI nvwZi `vu‡Zi wPi“bx, m~uP, Kv‡Vi nvZjhy³
Zvgv I †eªv‡Äi Avqbv, g„rcvÎ, mxj cÖf„wZ ¶z`ª wkí M‡o D‡VwQj|
ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨
wmÜz mf¨Zvi KvwiMiiv cÖ‡qvR‡bi †P‡qI A‡bK †ewk cY¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Zv| G¸‡jv Zviv
ißvwb Ki‡Zv| fvi‡Zi evB‡i A‡bK †`‡k| Gme c‡Y¨i e¨vcK Pvwn`v wQj| d‡j, wewfbœ
†`‡ki mv‡_ cvim¨, AvdMvwb¯—vb, †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv I wgk¦i wgk‡ii mv‡_ wmÜz mf¨Zvi evwYwR¨K
m¤úK© M‡o D‡V|
`¶ miKvi e¨e¯’v Ges ag© m¤ú‡K© aviYv
Avcbviv wmÜz mf¨Zvq †h my›`i cwiKwíZ bMi †`‡L‡Qb Zv‡Z wbðqB eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb
wmÜz mf¨Zvq GKwU `¶ bMievmx‡`i RxebI wQj cwiKwíZ| G †_‡K cwÊZMY aviYv K‡i‡Qb †h wmÜz mf¨Zvq GKwU
miKvi e¨e¯’v wQj| `¶ miKvi e¨e¯’v wQj| bMi Rxeb cwiPvjbv QvovI e¨vcK ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨, wbqwš¿Z IRb I
cwigv‡ci e¨e¯’v, eo mfvM„n, mœvbvMvi, km¨vMvi Ges cÖwZi¶v e¨e¯’v, eo mfvM„n, mœvbvMvi,
km¨vMvi Ges cÖwZi¶v e¨e¯’v GKwU `¶ Ges wbqwš¿Z kvmb e¨e¯’vi cÖgvY enb K‡i| GB
mf¨Zvi A‡bK wb`k©b †_‡K G hy‡Mi ag©xq Ae¯’v m¤^‡Ü aviYv †bqv hvq| †cvovgvwUi g~wZ©¸‡jv
AwaKvskB wQj gwnjvi cÖwZg~wZ©| G †_‡K Abygvb Kiv nq gvZ…c~Rvi cÖPjb wQj wmÜz mf¨Zvq|
cyi“l †`eZvi K_vI Rvbv hvq g~wZ© †_‡K| GKwU mx‡j wZb gyL wewkó cyi“l †`eZvi g~wZ© wQj|
wmsnvm‡b Avmb †c‡Z e‡m‡Qb †`eZv| Zvui gv_vq wQj wks| †`eZvi Pvicv‡k wQj gwnl, evN,
nvwZ, MÛvi| Avm‡bi bx‡P wQj GKwU nwiY| †`eZvi nv‡Z civ wQj A‡bK¸‡jv evRye›`| Avi
Mv‡q wQj wewPÎ †cvkvK| GB †`eZv A‡bK bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hgb- ÔwÎgyLvÕ, Ô‡hv‡Mk¦i,Õ,
wmÜz mf¨Zvi gvby‡liv g„Zz¨i Ôgnv‡hvMxÕ A_ev cïcwZ| Z‡e, A‡b‡KB GB †`eZv‡K ÔwkeÕ e‡j g‡b K‡ib| mx‡ji Mv‡q
c‡i Av‡iK Rxe‡bi cÖwZ †Lv`vB Kiv Qwe †_‡K AviI aviYv Kiv hvq, wmÜz mf¨Zvi gvby‡liv m~h©, b`x, mc©, e„¶ I
wek¦¯— wQj| cvwLi c~Rv Ki‡Zv| G hy‡M Ke‡i g„‡Zi e¨envi Kiv `ªe¨mvgMÖx †i‡L †`qv n‡Zv| G †_‡K
aviYv Kiv nq, wmÜz mf¨Zvi gvby‡liv g„Zz¨i c‡i Av‡iK Rxe‡bi cÖwZ wek¦¯— wQj| Kei †`qv
QvovI g„Z‡`n †cvov‡bvi ixwZI cÖPwjZ wQj|
wmÜz mf¨Zvi wjwc
1925 wLª÷v‡ã wmÜz mf¨Zvq 2500wU mxj cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| GB mxj¸‡jv‡Z wQj wKQy wjwc hv
Qwei g‡ZvB AvuKv| wKš‘, GB wjwc m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cv‡Vv×vi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| AvaywbKKv‡j GB
wjwc cvV Ki‡Z GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb fvi‡Zi GKRb cÖL¨vZ cÖZœZË¡we`| Zvui bvg kªx Gm,Avi,
ivI| wZwb GB wjwci wKQyUv cv‡Vv×vi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| kªx ivI 360 wU kã †_‡K 30 wU kã
†ei K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb †h wmÜz mf¨Zvi Awaevmx‡`i GKwU eo Ask B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv‡Mvôxi
Aš—f©y³ wQj| cÖ_gw`‡K wmÜz mf¨Zvq 360 wU wPý †jLvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| 2750
wLª÷c~e©‡K †kl niàv hyM ejv nq| G mgq wPý msL¨v K‡g G‡m 20 wU‡Z `vuovq| niàv wjwc
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ GB 20 wU wP‡ýi g‡a¨ 14 wU wQj we‡`kx wPý| aviYv Kiv nq, G¸‡jv
K¨vbvbxq A_ev c¨v‡jw÷bxq A_ev wdwbkxq wPý| cwÛZ‡`i Abygvb evwYR¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q wmÜz
mf¨Zvi ewYKiv Gme A‡ji mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡qwQj Ges G‡`i KvQ †_‡K wb‡qwQj †jLvi
`x¶v |

mvi-ms‡¶c wek¦ mf¨Zvq wmÜz mf¨Zv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| GKwU cwiKwíZ bMi mf¨Zv M‡o
Zz‡jwQj wmÜz A‡ji Awaevmxiv| wmÜz mf¨Zvq GKwU PgrKvi Ges cwiKwíZ mgvR Rxeb
M‡o D‡VwQj| A_©‰bwZK †¶‡ÎI wmÜzevmxiv mg„w× AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| evwY‡R¨i
D‡Ï‡k¨ ewbKiv ga¨cÖv‡P¨i wewfbœ †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡owQj| GKwU mymsMwVZ ivR‰bwZK I
ag©xq Rxeb M‡o D‡VwQj wmÜz mf¨Zvq| GLv‡b cÖvß wewfbœ wb`k©b †_‡K wmÜz mf¨Zvi
mvgvwRK I ag©xq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq| wmÜz mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv †h GKwU wjLb c×wZi
D™¢veb K‡iwQj Zv Rvb‡Z cviv hvq GLv‡b cvIqv mxj¸‡jv cix¶v K‡i|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
37

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 3.4

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi Awaevmxiv wef³ wQj−
K. wZb †kªYx‡Z|
L. Pvi †kªYx‡Z|
M. cvuP †kªYx‡Z|
2| wmÜz mf¨Zvi gvby‡li cÖavb †ckv wQj−
K. evwYR¨|
L. K…wlKvR|
M. hy×|
3| †cvovgvwUi g‚wZ©¸‡jvi AwaKvskB wQj−
K. gwnjvi cÖwZg~wZ©|
L. cyi“‡li cÖwZg~wZ©|
M. cïi cÖwZg~wZ©|
4| wmÜz mf¨Zvi wjwc wKQyUv cv‡Vv×vi K‡i‡Qb−
K. m¨vi Rb gvk©vj|
L. ivLvj `vm e‡›`vcva¨vq|
M. kªx Gm.Avi.ivI|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1. wmÜz mf¨Zvi A_©‰bwZK Rxeb m¤^‡Ü eY©bv Ki“b|
2. wmÜz mf¨Zvi ivR‰bwZK I ag©xq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
3. wmÜz mf¨Zvi wjLb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© wK Rvbv hvq Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
38

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wmÜz mf¨Zvi wbg©vZv I mf¨Zvi cZb|

cvV 5
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb−
◗ wmÜz mf¨Zv Kviv wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb †m m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
◗ wKfv‡e wmÜz mf¨Zvi cZb N‡UwQj Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wmÜz mf¨Zvi cÖK…Z wbg©vZv

wmÜz mf¨Zv Kviv M‡o Zz‡jwQj Zv wVK wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq bv| G wb‡q cwÊZM‡Yi g‡a¨
weZK© i‡q‡Q| wmÜz mf¨Zvi gvby‡li K¼vj wb‡q M‡elYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvi dj †_‡K
b„ZË¡we`MY g‡b K‡ib, GB mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv wQj `ªvweo, A‡÷ªvj‡qW, f‚-ga¨mvMixq
AwaKvsk cwʇZi fvl¨ wmÜz
mf¨Zvi cÖK…Z wbg©vZv n‡”Q
g‡½vjxq Ges Avjcvbxq †MvÎfz³| Z‡e G‡`i g‡a¨ `ªvweo‡`i msL¨vB wQj †ewk| G Kvi‡Y
`ªvweoiv| AwaKvsk cwʇZi fvl¨ wmÜz mf¨Zvi cÖK…Z wbg©vZv n‡”Q `ªvweoiv| G Kvi‡YB wmÜz mf¨Zvi
ms¯‹…wZ `ªvweoxq ms¯‹…wZ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

wmÜz mf¨Zv Movq Avh©‡`i f‚wgKv bv _vKvi KviYmg~n t

GK mgq ejv n‡Zv Avh©iv wmÜz mf¨Zv M‡o Zz‡jwQj| wKš‘, KZ¸‡jv hyw³‡Z GB gZ MÖnY Kiv
hvq bv|
1. wmÜz mf¨Zvi wb`©kb †_‡K †evSv hvq, GB mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv wj½ c~Rv Ki‡Zv| wKš‘,
Avh©iv N„Yv Ki‡Zv wj½ c~Rv|
2. Avh©‡`i wcÖq cï wQj †Nvov| wKš‘, wmÜz mf¨Zvq †Kvb †Nvovi K¼vj cvIqv hvqwb| wmÜz
mf¨Zvq cvIqv mxj¸‡jv †_‡K Rvbv hvq G A‡j cÖavb cï wQj lvuo|
3. wmÜz mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv bMi M‡o Zz‡jwQj| bMi mf¨Zvq Zviv wQj Af¨¯—| wKš‘, Avh©iv
bMi wbg©vY K‡iwb| bMi aŸsm K‡i‡Q|
4. Avh©iv g„Z e¨w³‡K Av¸‡b †cvovZ| wKš‘, wmÜz mf¨Zvq A‡bK mgvwa‡¶Î cvIqv hvq|
†evSv hvq †h, GLv‡b cÖavbZ g„Z‡`n‡K Kei †`qv n‡Zv|
5. Avh©iv wjL‡Z Rvb‡Zv bv| wjLb c×wZi cÖPjb Avh© mf¨Zvq cÖ_g w`‡K †`Lv hvqwb| wKš‘,
wmÜz mf¨Zvi gvby‡liv †h wjL‡Z cvi‡Zv Zvi cÖgvY mxj¸‡jv †_‡K cvIqv †M‡Q|
6. wmÜz mf¨Zv †h Avh©iv M‡o †Zv‡jwb Zvi eo cÖgvY n‡”Q g„rcvÎ| Avh© mf¨Zv h‡Zv`~i ch©š—
we¯—vi jvf K‡i‡Q †mme A‡j wfbœ ˆewk‡ó¨i g„rcvÎ cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| Avh©hy‡Mi g„rc‡Îi is
wQj a~mi| wKš‘, wmÜz mf¨Zvi †K‡›`ª †h me g„rcvÎ cvIqv wM‡q‡Q- †m¸‡jvi is wQj Kv‡jv-
jvj|
7. wmÜz mf¨Zv wQj K…wlwfwËK mf¨Zv| Ab¨w`‡K, Avh©iv cÖ_gw`‡K K…wlKvR Rvb‡Zv bv| Zviv
wQj hvhvei|
Gme wKQyi wePv‡i wmÜz mf¨Zv †h Avh©‡`i Mov bq ei `ªvweoivB GB mf¨Zv M‡o Zz‡jwQj|

wmÜzmf¨Zvi cZ‡bi KviY

mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡mi wbqgB n‡”Q †Kvb GKwU mf¨Zvi DÌvb NU‡Z cv‡i, Zvic‡i Gi weKvk,
Ae‡k‡l Gi cwiYwZ nq cZb| GB wbqg Gov‡Z cv‡iwb wmÜz mf¨ZvI| GK mg‡qi DbœZ GB
mf¨Zv †kl ch©š— aŸsmcÖvß nq| wKfv‡e wmÜz mf¨Zvi cZb N‡UwQj Zv wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq
bv| Z‡e, wKQy wKQy cÖgvYc‡Îi wfwˇZ Abygvb Kiv P‡j| m¤¢eZ: wmÜz mf¨Zv cZ‡bi Rb¨
†ek wKQy KviY `vqx wQj|
K. cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
39

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y wmÜz mf¨Zv aŸsm n‡q hvq| `yB ai‡bi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi K_v ejv
n‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡”Q, eb¨v Ges f‚wgK¤ú| ejv n‡q _v‡K µgvMZ eb¨v GB bMi‡K aŸsm
K‡i‡Q| eb¨v cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Kvb cÖKvi e¨e¯’v wmÜz mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|

L. ˆe‡`wkK AvµgY
cvk¦©eZ©x ev we‡`kx AvµgYKvix‡`i Avµg‡Y aŸsm n‡q‡Q wmÜz mf¨Zv| GB AvµgYKvix
wn‡m‡e A‡b‡KB Avh©‡`i K_v e‡j‡Qb| hvhvei Avh©iv fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq|
c~‡ev©³ Zviv DbœZ bMi mf¨Zv wmÜz mf¨Zv‡K aŸsm K‡i|

M. Avf¨š—ixY m¼U
Af¨š—ixY m¼‡Ui Kvi‡Y GB mf¨Zv aŸsmcÖvß nq| g‡b Kiv nq K…wl Drcv`b n«vm †c‡qwQj|
evwYR¨I †f‡½ c‡owQj| Gfv‡e, A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î `ye©j n‡q c‡o wmÜzmf¨Zv| mvgwiK w`K
†_‡KI Lye mej wQj bv wmÜzevmxiv| G mg¯— m¼‡Ui Kvi‡Y ax‡i ax‡i nvwi‡q †h‡Z _v‡K GB
mf¨Zv|
Gme Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖZœZvwË¡KMY †gvUvgywU wbwðZ n‡q‡Qb 2750 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã cÖjq¼ix eb¨v
n‡qwQj| niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv c−vweZ nq GB eb¨vq| niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv kni Gfv‡e aŸsm
n‡q hvq| ejv n‡q _v‡K, µgvMZ eb¨vq kni `yÕwU ax‡i ax‡i gvwUi bx‡P Pvcv c‡o‡Q|

mvi-ms‡¶c wmÜz mf¨Zv fvi‡Zi cÖvPxbZg bMi mf¨Zv| GB mf¨ZvwU Kviv wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb GwU
¯^vfvweKfv‡eB GKwU †KŠZ‚n‡ji welq| d‡j, HwZnvwmKMY wmÜy mf¨Zvi wbg©vZv Kviv †m
m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| GK mgq g‡b Kiv n‡Zv Avh©iv wmÜz mf¨Zv wbg©vY K‡iwQj|
wKš‘, wewfbœ hyw³‡Z cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q wmÜz mf¨Zv Movi mv‡_ Avh©‡`i †Kvb f‚wgKv wQj bv|
wewfbœ w`K wePv‡i `ªvweo RvwZ wmÜz mf¨Zvi wbg©vZv e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| Ggb GKwU DbœZ
mf¨Zv wKfv‡e aŸsm n‡jv Zv wb‡qI M‡elYv n‡q‡Q| A‡bK¸‡jv KviY we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Gme KviY wePv‡i g‡b Kiv nq cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M Ges Avh©‡`i Avµg‡Y wmÜz mf¨Zvi cZb
N‡UwQj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : 3.5

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ
1| wmÜz mf¨Zvi cÖK…Z wbg©vZv−
K. Avh© RvwZ‡Mvôx|
L. `ªvweo RvwZ‡Mvôx|
M. g‡½vjxq RvwZ‡Mvôx|
2| wmÜz mf¨Zvq g„Z‡`n‡K cÖavbZ−
K. Av¸‡b †cvov‡bv n‡Zv|
L. Kei †`qv n‡Zv|
M. b`x‡Z fvwm‡q w`‡Zv|
3| wmÜz mf¨Zvq cvIqv g„rcv‡Îi is wQj−
K. a~mi|
L. ev`vgx|
M. Kv‡jv-jvj|
4| wmÜz mf¨Zv aŸsmKvix cÖjq¼ix eb¨v n‡qwQj−
K. 2000 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
40

 I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

L. 2500 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
M. 2750 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã|
msw¶ß−DËi cÖkœ

1| wmÜz mf¨Zvi wbg©vZv Kviv eY©bv Ki“b|
2| wmÜz mf¨Zvi cZ‡bi KviYmg~n eY©bv Ki“b|

P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb- 3 : iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1| niàv I g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv ms¯‹…wZi cwiPq w`b| wmÜz mf¨Zv K‡Zv`~i ch©š— we¯—…Z n‡qwQj?
2| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ivi wkíKjvi cwiPq w`b|
3| wmÜz mf¨Zvi Ae¯’vb I mgqKvj D‡j−Lc~e©K wewfbœ †¶‡Î wmÜz mf¨Zvi Ae`vb Av‡jvPbv
Ki“b|
4| wmÜz mf¨vZvi cÖK…Z wbg©vZv Kviv? wmÜz mf¨Zvi cZ‡bi KviYmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

DËigvjv
cvV 3.1 t 1| L 2| M 3| L 4| L
cvV 3.2 t 1| K 2| M 3| M 4| L
cvV 3.3 t 1| L 2| L 3| K 4| M
cvV 3.4 t 1| L 2| L 3| K 4| M
cvV 3.5 t 1| L 2| L 3| M 4| M

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 1g cÎ
41