UPSC- GS-4

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

ETHICS
1.Ethics and Human Interface: அ஫மும் ந஦ிதத் ததொடர்஧ொடல்களும்.

1.1.Essence, Determinants and 1.1.சொபொம்சம், கொபணிகள் நற்றும்

ந஦ிதச் தசனல்஧ொடுக஭ில் அ஫த்தின்
Consequences of Ethics in - Human யிள஭வுகள்
Actions;

1.2. Dimensions of Ethics; 1.2. அ஫த்தின் ஧ரிநொணங்கள்

1.3.Ethics - in Private and Public 1.3- த஦ி-த஧ொது உ஫வுக஭ில் அ஫ம்

Relationships.
What is Ethics?... அ஫ம் என்஧து ?
What Do you think about the following:

1) Copying in Exam.
2) Stealing from others.
3) Beating your brother.
4) Getting money for Voting.

5) Helping the Old people on Road.

6) Giving seat to older person.
7) Saving a dying dog on the road.
8) Keeping Religious place clean.
9) Planting a tree.
10) Blood Donation.
சி஬ யி஦ாக்கள்

1) ஥ீ ஧ண்஫து ஥ினொனநொ இருக்கொ?..

2) ஥ொலு ப஧ரு இருக்கொங்க, ஧ொர்த்துப் ப஧சு..
3) சொநி கண்ணக் குத்திடும்……!
4) ஥ல்஬து தகட்டது ததரினொதொ உ஦க்கு?
5) முள஫னு ஒன்னு இருக்கிதுல்஬.
6) ந஦சொட்சிபனொட ஥டந்துக்க.
7) நனுசனுக்குனு ஒரு நரினொளத இருக்கு.
8) உ஦க்கு ஥ல்஬தொப் ஧ட஬ொம், ஆ஦ொ ஊரு பய஫
஥ிள஦க்குதுல்஬.
9) ஥ினொனம்஦ொ ஋ல்஬ொருக்கும் ஒன்னுதொன்.
• IS HUMAN CONDUCT …………………?
• ந஦ித ஥டத்தத …………………….?

Right or Wrong: சரி/தயறு

Good or Bad: ஥ல்஬து/ தகட்டது
fair and unfair: ஥ினொனம்/அ஥ினொனம்

அ஫ம் சசன யிரும்பு, Have desire to do good deeds

DEFINITIONS:

• Dictionary Meaning: Moral principles that govern a person's

behaviour or the conducting of an activity.

• Ethics is a system of moral principles. [A system of moral

principles.] [த஥஫ிமுள஫க஭ின் அளநப்பு]

• Gives Right orientation for one’s life.[ யொழ்க்ளகக்கு யமிகொட்டி]

Where is ETHICS: ஋ங்பகனிருக்கி஫து ஋திக்ஸ்?
ஊபபொடு ஒட்டி யொழ்
 Why do we want ETHICS: ஋தற்கு அ஫ம்?

1. Desires what is best for himself.[ Private Life]

2. To become best human being.[Public Life]
3. To make Healthy/Happy society
4. To solve Ethical Dilemma.
5. To Determine Action or Inaction.

Physical Health X Moral Health.

Nutrition X Ethics
[Known or Unknown]
WHICH IS NOT ETHICS: எதயசனல்஬ாம் அ஫நல்஬?

1. Ethics X Morality
2. Ethics X Law
3. Ethics x Religion
4. Ethics X Custom.
DETERMINANTS OF ETHICS:
அ஫த்திள஦த் தீர்நொ஦ிக்கும் கொபணிகள்:

 The object- ப஥ொக்கம்

The end-முடிவு

The circumstances-சூமல்
DETERMINANTS OF ETHICS:

INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY TRAITS: ஒருயர் எப்஧டிப்஧ட்டயர்?

knowledge, values, attitude, Intention, upbringing, education, religious beliefs,
experiences.

SOCIETY: சமூகம் எப்஧டிப்஧ட்டது?

Social Maturity, Beliefs, Culture, Tolerance

Organisation/industry: ஧ணினிட அ஫க்ககாட்஧ாடுகள்?

Standards, Code of Conducts, Practices, Customs.

God: Divine Command Theory: கடவுள் ஒருயர் இருக்கி஫ொர்….!

Determinants of Ethics in Governance

Social -Economical –Political –Cultural- Legal-Judicial –Historical

contexts of a country.
CONSQUENCES OF ETHICS:
Ultimate Happiness / Suffering

CONSEQUENCES FOR INDIVIDUAL:

1. Elevated sense of being:[Good Man]

2.Acceptability and likeability.
3.Interpersonal relations.
4. Decision making:

Consequences for society:

1. Civilized society.
2. Peace and harmony:
3. Justice and inclusion:
4. Equitable and inclusive development:
5. Good governance:
DIMENSIONS OF ETHICS:
DIMENSIONS STUDY:

META: Study of Origin & Meaning:

Philosophical- ஋து தயறு?

PRESCRIPTIVE ETHICS-Normative: Study of Ethical Action:

Practical-ஒருயளப அடிப்஧து சரினொ?

DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS :
Empirical Study [கணிதம் ப஧ொ஬]
ஒருயளப அடிப்஧து சரி ஋஦ ஋வ்ய஭வு ப஧ர் ஥ிள஦க்கி஫ீர்கள்?

APPLIED ETHICS: Specific to field

ஒருயளப சுட்டுக்தகொள்யது சரினொ?
TYPES OF Normative Ethics:

DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS: Do the Right thing,

don’t worry about the result.-Immanuel Kant's
஥ல்஬ததச் சசய்

CONSEQUENTIALISM: Utilitarianism: Action is

judged by the result.
஥ன்தநக்காகச் சசய்.

யாய்தந எ஦ப்஧டுயது னாசத஦ின் னாசதான்றும்

தீதந இ஬ாத சசா஬ல்.
TYPES OF Normative Ethics:

3.Virtue Ethics: Good Person Does Good things

[M. Gandhi]
஥ல்஬யர் சசய்தக

஥ல்஬ாதபக் காண்஧துவும் ஥ன்க஫;

஥஬ம்நிக்க஥ல்஬ார் சசால் ககட்஧துவும் ஥ன்க஫.

4. CONTRACTARIANISM : moral norms based on Social contract or

mutual agreement.

ஒப்஧ந்தப்஧டி சசய்
Types of Applied Ethics:

1. Bio Ethics.
2. Environmental Ethics
3. International ethics
4. Cyber Ethics.
5. Business ethics
6. Military ethics
7. Political Ethics

Ethical codes of conduct

Ethics - in Private and Public Relationships.
த஦ினர் & ச஧ாது உ஫யாடல்க஭ில் அ஫ம்.

Ethics in Private Relationships: Basic principles and values that

govern interactions in Private/Personal Life.

Family Relations  Emotions are strong.

Friends  Informal
Relatives  more tolerance for
Third Persons. imperfections
Ethics - in Private and Public Relationships.
த஦ினர் & ச஧ாது உ஫யாடல்க஭ில் அ஫ம்.

Principles: Sources:
• Care and Affection • Divine command &
• Loyalty Religion[Ten
Commandments (of Bible)],
• Confidentiality • Intuition and
• Truthfulness Emotions,
• Responsibility & Accountability • Social conditioning
• Tolerance and acceptance. • Law of the land
(Constitution)
ETHICS IN PUBLIC RELATIONSHIPS:

Exist by the virtue of profession or the position one holds in

professional life (CM).
 Guides one’s behavior, action and decision-making process.

Principles: Sources:
 Rule of law
 Fairness & Justice ,  Constitution
 Transparency and Accountability,
 Honesty, integrity and Probity,
 Rule of Law
 Impartiality and Non-Partisanship,  Code of Conducts.
 Spirit of service  Personal Ethical
 Maxim of Excellence:
Behavior.
 Maxim of Utilitarianism
 Maxim of Compassion  Customs.
 Institutional Norms
NOLAN COMMITTEE – ETHICS IN PUBLIC LIFE

Selflessness – சுன஥஬நின்தந: Holders of public office should take

decisions solely in terms of public interest. They should not do so in order
to gain financial or other material benefits for themselves, their family or
their friends.

Integrity – ஥ாணனம்: Holders of public office should not place

themselves under any financial or other obligation to outside individuals
or organizations that might influence them in the performance of their
official duties.

Objectivity – In carrying out public business, including making public

appointments, awarding contracts or recommending individuals for
rewards and benefits, holders of public office should make choices on
merit.

Accountability – ச஧ாறுப்புதடதந Holders of public office are

accountable for their decisions and actions to the public and must submit
themselves to whatever scrutiny is appropriate to their office.
• Openness –சய஭ிப்஧தடத்தன்தந: Holders of public office
should be as open as possible about all the decisions and
actions they take. They should give reasons for their decisions
and restrict information only when the wider public interest
clearly demands.

• Honesty – க஥ர்தந Holders of public office have a duty to

declare any private interests relating to their public duties and
to take steps to resolve any conflicts arising in a way that
protects the public interest.

• Leadership –தத஬தநத்துயம் Holders of public office should

promote and support these principles by leadership.
Thank you