Lesson 1 - Intro to Anatomy

Tuesday, 29 August 2023 4:22 pm

Why Study Anatomy? Transverse Plane Organization of the Human Body

1. Communication within the health professions - Anterior (toward the front) - Organized from the smallest to the largest
2. In order to understand the pathology of the human body, one must understand the - Posterior ( toward the back) - Chemical
normal - Lateral (away from the midline) ○ Atoms, molecules
3. Learn the interaction between body systems - Medial (towards the midline) ○ Carbohydrates, Lipids, Fats, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
4. Define the significance between structure and function - midAxiliary - MidClavicular - Midline - Cellular
5. Provides an education rather than training
○ Simplest structural unit
6. Terminology allows clear communication between medical professionals Extremities ○ Basic unit of life
Goals of the Course - The arm is distal (away) ○ Smalles unit that can live on its own
1. To provide a common anatomical language - The upper arm is proximal (near) - Tissues
2. To relate the common language of anatomy to the functional morphology of the - Organ System
human body Coronal Plane - Organismal
3. To provide a baseline of knowledge for the study of physiology - Ventral (Front - Posterior)
4. Illustrate the principle that structure and function are related - Dorsal (Back - Anterior) Human Body Plan
- Tube within a tube body plan
Definition of Terms Cranial - head part ○ Inner tube
1. Morphology Caudal - lower extrimities (tail part) ○ Outer tube
○ Form that structures take on
○ Morphology affects function Superficial - outside; toward the surface
Deep - inside; away from the surface Bilateral Symmetry
2. Structure - Left part mirrors the image of the right half
○ A part of the body. Can either be mcroscopic (small) or macroscopic (large) - Structures in the median plane are unpaired, but have identical
3. Function Origin - attachment of muscle on a fixed point, closest to midline
Insertion - attachment of muscle that is movable, farthest from midline Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
○ Refers to physical behavior; what structure does - Develops into the brain and spinal cord (passageway)
○ Related to structures - functional morphology Median - related/near to midline; can be seen in the middle Notochors
Medial - location near the midline - Stiff rod just deep to the spinal cord
Structure defines and restricts function Segmentation
- Certain joints can only move in one direction. For example, a hinge joint can only have Palmar or Volar - anterior surface or palms of the hand - Repeating units of similar structures running along the length of the trunk
motion perpendicular to the axis of the joint. The knee joint (hinge) cannot have Plantar - inferior surface or sole of the foot Pharyngeal Pouches
motion in the lateral direction because that goes against the axis. Dorsum - superior surface of the hand and foot - Present in the embryo only
- Pharynx -
Anatomy Ipsilateral - same side of the body (one-side only)
- Study of structure Contralateral - opposite sides of the body; right arm and left arm
- ANA = apart; TOMY = to cut
Upper & Lower - Transverse Plane
Front & Back - Coronal Plane
Anatomical Terminology Left & Right - Sagittal Plane

1. Anatomical Axes - axes are like skewers which pass through the body.
2. Superior - Upper; Inferior - Lower
3. Anatomical Position - reference position that allows for the use of consistent
directional terminology
○ All descriptions of location are made from within anatomical position