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QUESTIONS
10-1
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
18. A sales quantity variance indicates the difference in revenue (actual versus
budget) due to a change in sales volume.
19. When the actual quantity sold is less than budgeted, the sales quantity variance is
unfavorable because the company did not achieve the level of sales it had
planned.
20. When the actual selling price is greater than budgeted, the sales price variance is
favorable because the company sold its product(s) for more than it planned.
EXERCISES
10-2
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
E10.10 Case 2 represents LIFO because it indicates a higher cost of goods sold. Case 1
would show a higher ending inventory on the balance sheet because it shows a
lower cost of goods sold.
E10.11 FIFO:
Cost of goods sold 6,875
Inventory 6,875
(40 * $50 + 65 * $75)
Ending inventory = 25 * $75 = $1,875
LIFO:
Cost of goods sold 7,500
Inventory 7,500
(90 * $75 + 15 * $50)
Ending inventory = 25 * $50 = $1,250
10-3
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
E10.12 FIFO
May 1 28 * $5 = $140
LIFO
May 1 28 * $5 = $140
10-4
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
E10.13 FIFO
May 1 28 * $5 = $140
LIFO
May 1 28 * $5 = $140
10-5
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
E10.16 Net sales represents the total revenue earned during the period whereas cash
receipts from customers is the total cash received regardless of when earned.
PROBLEMS
P10.1
Case 1
Work-in-process, beginning $ ?
+ direct materials 134,650
+ direct labor 76,420
+ applied overhead 157,830
= Work-in-process available $379,020
- cost of goods manufactured 350,175
= Work-in-process, ending $ 28,845
Work-in-process, beginning = $10,120
10-6
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
Case 3
Work-in-process, beginning $ 18,000
+ direct materials 86,000
+ direct labor 38,000
+ applied overhead ?
= Work-in-process available $180,000
- cost of goods manufactured 146,000
= Work-in-process, ending $ 34,000
Applied overhead = $38,000
Finished goods, beginning $ 34,000
+ cost of goods manufactured 146,000
= Finished goods available $180,000
10-7
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
P10.2
a. FIFO
10-8
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
a. (continued) LIFO
Date Transfers Cost of goods sold Inventory balance
March 1 6,000 * $12.25 =
$73,500
March 3 12,000 * $12.20 = 6,000 * $12.25 =
$146,400 $73,500
12,000 * $12.20 =
$146,400
March 7 11,000 * $12.20 = 6,000 * $12.25 =
$134,200 $73,500
1,000 * $12.20 =
$12,200
June 28 15,000 * $12.10 = 6,000 * $12.25 =
$181,500 $73,500
1,000 * $12.20 =
$12,200
15,000 * $12.10 =
$181,500
July 8 15,000 * $12.10 = 4,000 * $12.25 =
$181,500 $49,000
1,000 * $12.20 =
$12,200
2,000 * $12.25 =
$24,500
Sept. 12 11,000 * $12.05 = 4,000 * $12.25 =
$132,550 $49,000
11,000 * $12.05 =
$132,550
Oct. 12 8,000 * $12.05 = 4,000 * $12.25 =
$96,400 $49,000
3,000 * $12.05 =
$36,150
Nov. 30 17,000 * $11.95 = 4,000 * $12.25 =
$203,150 $49,000
3,000 * $12.05 =
$36,150
17,000 * $11.95 =
$203,150
10-9
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
b. FIFO is more representative of the balance value better because the newest costs
are represented in ending inventory.
c. FIFO LIFO
Sales $1,060,000 $1,060,000
Cost of Good Sold 641,500 640,000
Gross Margin $ 418,500 $ 420,000
d. LIFO represents the income better because the newest costs are represented in cost
of goods sold. Note that gross margins are larger for LIFO because the cost was
declining over the time period.
P10.3
a. Analysis of units:
Beginning inventory in units 6,000
+ Units transferred to finished goods 55,000
= Units available for sale 61,000
- Units sold 53,000
= Ending inventory in units 8,000
FIFO
Beginning inventory $ 73,500
+ cost of goods manufactured (transfers) 663,600
= Total finished goods available $737,100
Less: ending inventory (8,000 * $11.95) 95,600
= Cost of goods sold $641,500
LIFO
Beginning inventory $ 73,500
+ cost of goods manufactured (transfers) 663,600
= Total finished goods available $737,100
Less: ending inventory
(6,000 * $12.25 + 2,000 * $12.20) 97,900
= Cost of goods sold $639,200
b. FIFO represents the balance sheet value better because the newest costs are
represented in ending inventory.
c. FIFO Gross margin = $1,060,000 - $641,500 = $418,500
10-10
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
P10.4
a. Feb. 3 Accounts receivable 1,200
Sales 1,200
Cost of goods sold 800
Finished goods inventory 800
(200 * $4.00)
Feb. 9 Finished goods inventory 2,460
Work-in-process inventory 2,460
Feb. 15 Accounts receivable 3,000
Sales 3,000
Cost of goods sold 2,040
Finished goods inventory 2,040
(100 * $4 + 400 * $4.10)
Feb. 24 Finished goods inventory 1,680
Work-in-process inventory 1,680
Feb. 28 Accounts receivable 1,800
Sales 1,800
Cost of goods sold 1,240
Finished goods inventory 1,240
(200 * $4.10 + 100 * $4.20)
b. Feb. 3 Accounts receivable 1,200
Sales 1,200
Cost of goods sold 800
Finished goods inventory 800
(200 * $4.00)
Feb. 9 Finished goods inventory 2,460
Work-in-process inventory 2,460
Feb. 15 Accounts receivable 3,000
Sales 3,000
Cost of goods sold 2,050
Finished goods inventory 2,050
(500 * $4.10)
Feb. 24 Finished goods inventory 1,680
Work-in-process inventory 1,680
Feb. 28 Accounts receivable 1,800
Sales 1,800
Cost of goods sold 1,260
Finished goods inventory 1,260
(300 * $4.20)
c. FIFO
Cost of goods sold = $4,080 ($800 + $2,040 + $1,240)
Ending inventory = $1,260 (300 * $4.20)
10-11
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
LIFO
Cost of goods sold = $4,110 ($800 + $2,050 + $1,260)
Ending inventory = $1,230 (100 * $4.00 + 100 * $4.10 + 100 * $4.20)
The amounts are different because FIFO expenses the oldest costs at the time of
sale while LIFO expenses the newest costs at the time of sale.
P10.5
a. Feb. 3 Accounts receivable 1,200
Sales 1,200
Feb. 9 Finished goods inventory 2,460
Work-in-process inventory 2,460
Feb. 15 Accounts receivable 3,000
Sales 3,000
Feb. 24 Finished goods inventory 1,680
Work-in-process inventory 1,680
Feb. 28 Accounts receivable 1,800
Sales 1,800
b. Feb. 3 Accounts receivable 1,200
Sales 1,200
Feb. 9 Finished goods inventory 2,460
Work-in-process inventory 2,460
Feb. 15 Accounts receivable 3,000
Sales 3,000
Feb. 24 Finished goods inventory 1,680
Work-in-process inventory 1,680
Feb. 28 Accounts receivable 1,800
Sales 1,800
c. Analysis of units:
Beginning inventory in units 300
Add: Units transferred to finished goods (600 + 400) 1,000
Units available for sale 1,300
Less: Units sold (200 + 500 + 300) 1,000
Ending inventory in units 300
FIFO
Beginning inventory $ 1,200
Add: cost of goods manufactured 4,140
Cost of goods available for sale $ 5,340
Less: ending inventory (300 * $4.20) 1,260
Cost of goods sold $ 4,080
LIFO
Beginning inventory $ 1,200
Add: cost of goods manufactured 4,140
Cost of goods available for sale $ 5,340
Less: ending inventory (300 * $4.00) 1,200
10-12
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
The amounts are different because FIFO values ending inventory using the newest
costs at the end of the month while LIFO values ending inventory using the oldest
costs at the end of the month. Note that FIFO periodic and FIFO perpetual
(P10.4) produce the same ending inventory and cost of goods sold but LIFO
periodic and LIFO perpetual (P10.4) have different ending inventories and cost of
goods sold. This is because the expensing of the inventory (Cost of Good Sold)
occurs at different times.
P10.6
a. 12-1 Merchandise inventory (Tog) 8,036
Accounts payable 8,036
12-3 Accounts receivable 7,800
Sales 7,800
Cost of goods sold 4,440
Merchandise inventory (Uni) 4,440
12-4 Freight expense 88
Cash 88
12-5 Merchandise inventory (Uni) 18,810
Accounts payable 18,810
12-15 Accounts receivable 25,500
Sales 25,500
Cost of goods sold 12,000
Merchandise inventory (Tog) 12,000
12-16 Accounts payable 3,762
Merchandise inventory (Uni) 3,762
12-20 Accounts payable 15,048
Cash 15,048
12-22 Cash 32,500
Sales 32,500
Cost of goods sold 18,636
Merchandise inventory (Uni) 18,636
12-30 Cash 7,800
Accounts receivable 7,800
12-31 Accounts payable 8,036
Discounts lost 164
Cash 8,200
b. 12-1 Merchandise inventory (Tog) 8,036
Accounts payable 8,036
12-3 Accounts receivable 7,800
Sales 7,800
Cost of goods sold 4,440
Merchandise inventory (Uni) 4,440
12-4 Freight expense 88
10-13
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
Cash 88
12-5 Merchandise inventory (Uni) 18,810
Accounts payable 18,810
12-15 Accounts receivable 25,500
Sales 25,500
Cost of goods sold 12,036
Merchandise inventory (Tog) 12,036
12-16 Accounts payable 3,762
Merchandise inventory (Uni) 3,762
12-20 Accounts payable 15,048
Cash 15,048
12-22 Cash 32,500
Sales 32,500
Cost of goods sold 18,748
Merchandise inventory (Uni) 18,748
12-30 Cash 7,800
Accounts receivable 7,800
12-31 Accounts payable 8,036
Discounts lost 164
Cash 8,200
P10.7
a. Net sales = $4,600,000 - $35,000 - $150,000 = $4,415,000
b. Cash receipts = $70,000 + $4,415,000 - $5,000 - $50,000 = $4,430,000
P10.8
a. Model A Model B Model C
Budgeted selling price $200 $185 $330
Actual selling price $220 $188 $325
Sales price variances:
Model A = ($220 - $200) * 4,100 = $82,000 F
Model B = ($188 - $185) * 4,850 = $14,550 F
Model C = ($325 - $330) * 2,400 = $12,000 U
10-14
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
P10.9
a. 7-3 Accounts receivable 1,500
Sales 1,500
Cost of goods sold 800
Inventory 800
7-6 Cash 1,000
Unearned revenue 1,000
7-10 Cash 950
Sales 950
Cost of goods sold 320
Inventory 320
7-12 Cash 1,470
Sales discounts 30
Accounts receivable 1,500
7-15 Cash 500
Unearned revenue 1,000
Service revenue 1,500
7-17 Accounts receivable 3,200
Sales 3,200
Cost of goods sold 1,100
Inventory 1,100
7-20 Sales returns and allowances 200
Accounts receivable 200
7-27 Cash 2,970
Sales discounts 30
Accounts receivable 3,000
b. Service revenue $1,500
Sales $5,650
Less: Sales Discounts 60
Sales Returns & Allow 200
Net Sales 5,390
Total revenue $6,890
10-15
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
P10.10
a. 11-4 Cash 6,000
Unearned revenue 6,000
11-8 Accounts receivable 3,400
Service revenue 3,400
11-13 Accounts receivable 1,900
Service revenue 1,900
11-17 Cash 3,332
Service revenue discounts 68
Accounts receivable 3,400
11-20 Cash 5,700
Accounts receivable 5,700
11-28 Cash 1,881
Service revenue discounts 19
Accounts receivable 1,900
c. Cash received from customers = $16,913. It is not the same as net revenue
because some of the cash collected was from revenue recognized last period and
some was for revenue to be earned in the future.
CASES
10-16
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
CRITICAL THINKING
CT10.1 Answers will vary. Students should consider the cost of the lost discount
against the possible cost of customer ill will.
CT10.2 Answers will vary. Since Xanetics had a binding contract for the
equipment, we could argue that revenue has been earned and that $75,000 of it
has been realized. The collectibility of the remainder is doubtful so that portion
of the sales price should not be recognized as revenue. Since the equipment was
not delivered before the customer declared bankruptcy, their right to retain the
deposit becomes a legal issue rather than an accounting issue.
ETHICAL CHALLENGES
EC10.1 Answers will vary but the entry should not be made as the revenue has not
been earned.
EC10.2 Answers will vary. Students must consider the impact of advertising on
consumer behavior. Some other areas that could be discussed in class include
stores that bake bread during “peak” customer shopping times, what grocery
stores now have pharmacy departments, and whether having a coffee shop inside
a grocery store is good for business.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
CA10.1
Product Budgeted Sales Price Sales Quantity Actual
Type Revenue Variance Variance Revenue
Chocolate chip $333,000 $5,760 $93,240 $432,000
Oatmeal raisin $155,000 -$5,600 $18,600 $168,000
Coconut $66,000 -$3,840 -$2,640 $59,520
White chocolate $114,000 -$1,320 -$13,680 $99,000
Macadamia nut $60,000 -$11,600 $79,200 $127,600
10-17
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
10-18
Chapter 10 - Marketing/Sales/Collection/Customer Support Process: Recording and Evaluating Revenue
Process Activities
CA10.2
a. Accounts receivable, beginning $8,000
Add: sales $450,000
Total owed by customers $458,000
Less: cash received from customers $446,000
Accounts receivable, ending $12,000
b. Accounts receivable, beginning $20,000
Add: sales $900,000
Total owed by customers $920,000
Less: cash received from customers $890,000
Accounts receivable, ending $30,000
c. Accounts receivable, beginning $12,000
Add: sales $450,000
Total owed by customers $462,000
Less: cash received from customers $454,000
Accounts receivable, ending $8,000
d. Accounts receivable, beginning $38,000
Add: sales $875,000
Total owed by customers $913,000
Less: cash received from customers $863,000
Accounts receivable, ending $50,000
10-19
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