G ON D I G RAMMAR

AN D

V O CA B U L A R Y .

REV . H . D .WI L L I A M S O N M A ,
. .
,

C H U R C H M I S S IO N A RY S O C I E T Y M A N D L A C P
, , . .

LO N D O N

SO C I ET Y F OR P R O M O T I N G C H R I S T IAN KN OWL E D GE ,

N OR T H U M B E R L AN D AV E N U E , C H AR I N G CR O S S , W . C .
 PL 4 6 5 /
WE
G ON D I G R A M M AR .

T HE NO UN .

G en d e r — The m a s c uli n e e nder in G o n di is

g
'

u s e d si m p l y f o r th e e s of m a l e s : a ll o th e r
n am

o b e cts m a b s po k e n of a s n eu t e r or fe m i n i n e
j y e .

I t i s d i ffi cult t o d e ci d e u n d e r whi c h n a m e n o n
m a s c ul in e n ou n s s houl d b e g r oupe d i f t h e la n
u
g g a e b e v i e w e d fr o m t h e s t a n d -po i n t of i t s

n e ig h b our H i n d i t h e y s houl d b e c all e d fe m i n i n e

, , ,

b ut a s o n e of t h e D r a vi di a n l a n g ua g e s i t i s m o r e
n a t ural pe r h a p s t o v i e w t he m a s n eu t e r .

N u m b e r — The r e a r e t wo n u m b e rs s i n gul a r
.
,

a n d p l ur a l : d u a l d oe s n o t exi s t i n G o n d i .

Form a ti on of th e p lur a l .

Rule s Add h k to th e sin u l a r ; ex 31 85

‘ ‘

. o
g .
,

keil, foo t p lural Ema ; ka l k fee t

’

a , ,
.

( 2 ) A dd sin mpg t o t h e s in g ul ar if t h e w o r d ,

e n d s wi t h a l o n g vo w el e s pe ci a ll y a ft e r d oub l e
,

c o n s o n an t s ex fa? p i tta a b ir d pl u ral fag? ! p 75!

.
, , ,

t ng
a , b i rd s ; 313? m a g d a m ou n t a i n p l ur al
, Wy n ,

m a fla ng m ou n ta in s
‘

.
,
h

(3) If th e wo rd in th e si n g ul ar e n d s wi th t h e

ms om v e, B
2 GON D I G R A MM AR .

con s on ant t 7 ft e r a l o n g v o w e l th e r u s u ally

“
a ,
f

b ecom e s 3; h k ex fm t m i dr a d a u g h t er pb ral .
, , ,

fW Tg m i d h k d a ug h t er s,
.

NB .
— A f e w w hi c h e n d wi t h l o n g vo we l s a d d
.

s in
3 h i t h e p l ur a l a t th e s a m e t i m e s ho r t e n in
g ,

t h e vo w e l ; e x 111 1 1 m d yj d wi fe pl ur al mug;
1 .
, , ,

ma yj u h k wi ve s
’

.
,

E x c ep ti o n s t o th e ab ove r ul e s
ma ? ullz , a p l ural v 13 a lk ra t s
’

r a t, . .
,

ti f f m a rri , a s on p lural 313? m a r k s o n s

, ,
.

Eff s a rm, a r oad p l ur al a ? s mr k r o a d s

’

.
, ,

The af fix an? peopl e p l ur al fifii wdge r k,

’

wa r e ,
‘
’ ' '

, q

peopl e .

-
sag 2 ka lle pl ura l was; ka llcak t hi eve s
,
a t h i ef, '

,
.

31 3 62 6212 fa t he r p l,
u r a l 3 3
1 3 3 3 d du l k fa t he r s
, , ,
.

a n in s e c t p l ur al ? r k i n s e ct s
'

p u rz , a p
t u , ,
.

H IRT m eim ci fat her in l aw pl ur al 111 111 65 ,

- -
,

m aim azl fa t he r s i n l a w
’
- -
.
,

pl ura l f a st sir k p arr o t s

'

a p arr o t
’

s i rz , , ,
.

D e cle n s i on — Cha n g e s
. of t h e n o un p r ep ara tory
t o for m i n g t h e r oo t f o r d e cl e n si o n

( )
1 So m e a d d t h e c a s e - t e r m i n a ti o n t o t h e

s i m p l e u n a l t e r e d w o r d ; ex i fl
'

p d n z ou r .
, , ,

m p i n dz i d of flour
’

.
,

( )
2 So m e d r op t he fi n a l l e t t e r befo r e t h e c as e

t e r m i n a ti o n ex fi at dongur j un gl e fi gm d on .
,
"

, ,
 GON D I G RA MMAR . 3

gu td ,
of th e j g
u n l e ; i n; r an , a hou s e , I} ? ro te , in
a ah o u s e .

(3) So m e d r op t h e l a s t t w o l e t t e rs befo r e t h e
e t e rm i n a ti o n ex nrz in p almzz g s on s 11m m
'
- ' ‘
c as .
, , g ,

d wi ou i
'

d of o n m a t td n m t
p j na s n
, g s ; t g n a n s , ,

m a l ldn d of m ou n t a in s
,
.

f D e d e n s z on
’

R u le s or .

( l ) Noun s w hi ch fo rm t he i r p l ur al i n a: k or
3
his a dd t o th e r oo t

S in g ul ar P lur al . .

G e n itive Tfit tor, E l si tork, fit a}? wo rk,

'
F
“

,
n or,

at td , H i? ! td n g . i
Fr? ! nd n
g .

Da t . A cc .
, 3 a tun . 33 M b .

Lo ca ti ve , }
7 fe .
fi ne .

A bla ti ve , mg ld l .
7 11
6 m i l .

P r ep r oo t
.
, if t
"

. 3? un .

The fo ll o wi n g ,
wi t h m a n y o th e r w o rd s , fo ll o w
t hi s r ul e
m a m, vo i c e ; we ? a llz
c ow le n g,
'

H g] a a
,

a ra t ; T fT IT t
p u n ar
g a flower ; H fi g n d n g e l ,a ,

pl oug h ; twi g m e n da l a bo d y ; a n Cir a w o m an ; , ,

r an a h o u s e ; al
, l? d on g u r
j g
u n l e ; fi t ! m es , ,

an e fi l fie l d ; fi h ; fig
‘

g n a
gg ; e a a , e n

tol ski n t fit z r t h e s t o m a c h ; H IT s a rrz r oad ;

’ ’

a
, p , ,

mt ncir a fie l d ,
.

Bu t n oti ce ( a ) I n fig n e l fi kur r a n d ifig

g
'
, ,

B 2
4 GON D I GR A M MAR .

of th e in fle cti o n b e c o m e s 3cl
tol , th e a t
‘

,
fo r t h e
1 3n e d e
3
s ak e of eupho n y ; a s - f t fi t , kur rd or,
fi g gl toldei
‘
.

( b) I n th e sam e han ge is u s ually

’

“i f s am ,
c

m ad e as RT E s a rd e , Ft i t s a rd or .

( ) m fit h of d
’

h
'

c
pIn tt n a r t e H t zr t e i n an ,

fl e cti o n i s h ar d e n e d i n t o 2 Z a s I ll ? p i le H T? m i t e , .

NB — .=rr( n dr a l s o m ak e s a g e n i t i ve s i n ul ar
.
g
f

mi fil t n d le n or .

( 2) A l ar g e hi e fly e n din g in
cl a s s of n oun s ,
c

l h e t h fi r s t l e tt e r of t h e u u l
’
s31
g d c a n ,g H t e s a ,

c a s e i n fl e ct i o n i n t o a n : th e c a s e fo rm s thu s
,

b e com in g
Sin gular P lur al . .

G e ni ti ve ,
= fit n or wor k, The p l ural re

a r na , win n d zz g
f
. m ai ni n g a s ab ove ,

Dat . Ac c .
, H n . ex c ep t tha t t he r e
Lo ca tive ,
7 } we . i s a vo c a tive .

Ab l a tive ,
7 11 g mi l .

P r ep r oo t
.
,
‘

a n .

a? m 33
’

3ml
’

V o c a ti ve ,
. .

So i
fo l o w g z
l — mamg m d rs a l, m an
’

th e n a ;

ag g p g ,
in d l er b oy ; 33
511 85 m zl nj d l
a ,
a m o n key ;
c a t ; wg mg a yj a l b e ar ; mg
'

3?n bz ldl, a
'

a 11
‘

ga d hd l,
a d o nk ey 850 ,
.

Al s o a
gi rl ; fl fl m a rri ,
' '
a s on ;
 GON D I G R AM MA R . 5

‘
m dyj d , a wi fe ; 355 7 ka lle , a thi ef ; f a u lt
:
i

mld r d a u g h t er ; $1 t s e ld r, a e ; z 1g ? td lz
si st r
’

a ,

a c ow ; W ta mm w ,
a b r o the r ; ma p h dp e a ,

b u t t e rfly .

( 3) N oun s whi ch fo rm t he ir p l ural by a d di n

g
in mpg t o t h e s i n g ular, h ave n m m d a
i for
‘
is an n
g
t he ir ca s e i n fle c ti o n s of th e d a t a n d
-
. a cc. p l ura l ,

an d p lu ral p r epo si ti o n al r oo t .

—
So t h e f oll o wi n g z fl T Efil dkz a l e a f ; 1ITZT ‘
’

a s on
g ; fi x? p ll
i e a b i r d ; m ,
m a l let a m ou n t ai n ; ,

? “ h h d h i l d W ? f o g; W p I d d
’

a c ou w a c , ; ! p a nn e a r a z , ,

i m ? h o i w ? h k i o
'

l
’

a
p g ; 7 n a n m t e n s,; a ac z r n ; a s ,
,

d z2cl 227jl t h e b r e a s t s ; afigr [cord a h or s e 111 3? s d r z

i
' ’

, 0
,

b e d ; El if a rm z a bu ffal o & c
’
r a i - .
, ,

So m e ex a m pl e s of th e d e cl e n si o n s of n oun s t o ,

i llu s tra t e th e a b ove r ul e s a r e he r e gi ve n ,

S in gul ar . P l u ra l .

N o m in a ti ve , mt
g t a-m m z2r, a “
j ta mm d rk .

b r o th e r
G e ni ti ve , Ha
gar ta mm d n or, 17 1
1 5737 1 t a m m d rk

m at, H ifl m ei zz g . H T m etwRifl n d ng .

Da t . A cc . TN T -
1 ta m m d n . ta mm urkun .

Lo ca tive Em i r ta m m d n te 7t m g ? ta mm d fl me
“
.
, .

Ab la tive ,
-8
H utT ta m m u ns e ,
W g t a m m d r k
H m ta m n et hm ta m
m z2n tdl . m urks e .
6 GON D I G R A M MA R .

S in gul ar . Plural .

P r ep oo t , “
u -
R i l ta mm zi n t a mm zirk
r
z
. . .

V o cati ve fl ta m m zim 3
'
- ta mm zim l
’

i n 11 13 2
,
f .

5
1 .

NB .
—
The four for m s of t h e g e n i tive a re u s e d
.

r e s pe c ti ve l y whe n th e ove rn i n w o rd i s i n th e
g g
m a s c s in g
. f e m si n g
.
,
m a s c p l ural
. an d fe m
.
,
.
, .

p l u r al .

S i n g ul ar . P lural .

N o m in ati ve , ch /i ouwci , a h h ouwci ng

c

chfl d .

G e n i ti ve , 5
3 "t
1 c hh ou wci l
fi rfi fit
fi l h ouwa
a t

tor, Th a
i
‘
-
tork, n or, i t? m ar k,
at ti i , fifl tci rl g
-
H I mi F fiH
- -
ming
"

r . .

-
Dat A c c afim fl ch h ouwoi HIS T Ti" ch h ouwci
g
‘

. .

tun . n un g .

Lo cati ve fl an? ch houwa te sl aw} hh ouwd n e

’

, . c

A bl a tive fl am es chh ouwci 333131 65 chh ouwd

“

toil, 3331 s; hh ou mi l
'

c .

wei s e .

P r ep .oo t r , fi at ch h ouwci . fi l m? ! ch h ouwcin .

V o ca ti ve 333m? chh ouwa m f il m }? chhouwd

’ ’

, .

ml .

N o m i n a ti v e , mai m d yj zi a wife a mines m ciyj u a k

,
.
.

G e n i ti ve H m r fit m ciyj un or m zs fi fit m ci yj u
,
if g ,

Hfi m ar k, T-
II a kn orfl fi -
n or k,

m oi, WIN na n
g .
m ndi
-
fin n dng
-
.
 GON D I G RAMM AR . 7

S in g ula r Pl ural .

Dat Ac c 111113 ? m ci yj zi n m ag
/j
‘
.
.

1 . u tt

kun .

Lo ca ti v e may ? ma yyun e mqij z fifi m ag/j u

‘
‘ ‘ ‘

. c
,

a kn e .

Abla tive mfl w a m d yj zi nci l ama zm m ay - 4

, ,

W W ?! m ci y j n a kn cil, mm:
3

j zi n s e . ai m m d yj u a ks e
—
P re p oo t
. r , m ag m ciyj d n . FIN
3135 m ci yj ua k .

V o ca ti ve WW
W W I? m ciyj zi nz z
'

m aiyj zi n i
‘

, . .

N o m in a tiv e , m cle u,
i b r o ther 31 322 5 cl a nlk 0 .

(i n a
g e n e ral

s e n s e) .

G e n i tive gw h d ciun or, fifii g a w k cl a n l n or , k

‘

r
,

m ar k, HT n ci Ffifii m ark, T-
n
‘

i f" n i in g m ci, T- fl
fi n ci ng
“ ‘

.
.

Dat . A c c gm. d ciun .

313 353 d cin lkn n .

Lo ca tive ,
d dun e . dd n l/rn e .

en a
A b la ti ve m a res dd una l, ar am d d l l,
'

, g u /

333 d ciuns e d a ulks e

’

.
I
FB E R .

P re p oo t
. r
, 31 37 ! d ciun .
3133 3
3 d ei 3
u lku n .

V o ca ti ve , 3 13372
7
d ciunz g
f
'

T P RONO UN
HE .

P e rs on a l P ronouns .

S i n g ul a r . P lural .

N o mi n ati ve , “'
c
fin
‘
n a nnei , I . l W T? m a m mci t .
8 GON D I G RAM MAR .

S in g u l a r P lu r a l . .

G e n i tive , W t n ci wor mafi mal t m elwar , ,

n el mark, nan m d work, RTE"

‘ ‘ '

n ei wei , main na Tra mm d

m ci wci , l-
’

raci ng . wci n g
r
.

D at . A cc .
W n ci knn , am m ai kun , ma?
n ci k ( un co m mci /c ( un com

m on ) . m on ) .

Lo c a ti ve , H T ? mi te . an? m atte .

A blative ,
11 mg n atal,
«
m an ma mg m an atal,
mg n ci wci tci l, ?
HT ! m ci s e .

WT ?! n ci s e .

P r ep . r oo t ,
11 1 mi . FIT m ci .

No m in ati ve , m 1 i mma . Thou { R ITE i mm ci gf

.
, m
i m m ci r .

fii fit 3h }? Wfi fit fi
‘
2
G e n iti ve
’

m z wor,
'

nz wor,
‘ ‘

F t
,

ai m fifif m z war k,
' '

nz wor k, E

” fwd, F fiain l fii n m i wd , t fi
n z w ii n i m z wcing
’ ’
Ern
g .

Dat Ac c n z /rn n 33
3i Ri
g m i kun , fi ai
'

. .
a l

nz k (un co m mz k ( un c om
’ ’

m on ) . m on)
Lo ca ti ve , H n i te . H m i te .

A b lative nh mng
‘
t m z wci tci l,
’

,
7f

fift
’
F n is e n mzs e
 G ON D I G R MM R A A . 9

S in g ul ar . P l ur a l .

N om in a ti ve , Wft ‘
or He ,
. Wi fi or k .

3
31 3
x
G e n i ti ve , l alt on or , Wi fifia '

r
‘

3
31 1 orkn or,

an ar k, W1 " ? on ci, WIfiF fifii ‘

ork

WW
W o n ci n
g . n or k, ? fififi n or k
n ci, =s ޤmin or k
n an
g .

Da t A c c Wk? Wl g
ififl or kun
‘

. on . .

Lo ca ti ve , WI? on e . W33 7} ar kn a .

Ab l a ti ve Wh it} o ns e Wdgfimg or kn cil

‘

. .
,

Pr ep r oo t
.
,
W on .

0
ar knn .

N om i n a tiv e , W3 a d ,
She ,
It .

G e n i ti ve , Wé fit a dd e n or, Wa g i fitt a we h knor

'

r
,

Wéa t w l
‘ g
a alc e a we h
' ‘

Wag u a d m
-
n or k, c kn ar k,
l Wé fin a d a we h knci , Wfiaai
'
'

c an a , r

el an ci n
g, or mafit W!
IT a we hknci n
g
.

3mm? a we n a r,

3
37 3
3155 a we n cir k

&c .

D at . A 0 0 31 3 ta n , Wgfi ad Wag s? a we kkn n .

cl an , WEIR a we n .

Lo ca ti ve WEI? a we ge W55 } a we h kn e
‘

, . 7 .
10 GON D I GR AMM A R .

S i n g ul a r . P lu r a l .

A b l ati ve , Wig-{H R ad d e n s a, WQ g fimg a we kk

'
'

m i tci n s e , HT n ail .

ta n cil
'
Fug .

P rep . r oo t , am tei n , Wgfl a al Wag s a we h k .

d e n, W fi a we n
‘
c .

D e m ons tr a ti v e Pron ouns .

Si n gul ar P l ura l . .

N o m i n a ti v e ( I e r Thi s ( m a s c ) 1251 ar k
“

, . .

G e n i tive , “ It e n or what Tfi fi fit er kn or Effi , ,

an ar k m an d , WWe r kn or k 12755 ,

( 31 11 an ti
n g .
‘ '

c fl ar kn a,
s
T e tT l?" -
er knci ng .

Dat . Ac c . en , Et a? e n k . RE ? E e rkun .

Lo ca ti ve , Ra fi e n te .
( 3
69i
“

arkna .

Ab lative , E3 3n e se . Efimrg e r kn ci l .

Pr ep r oo t
.
, ( a en . ( fir e r k .

N o m i n a tive , { 3i d, Thi s (fe m { 33 .

o r n e u t e r) .

G e ni tive , {aah i cld e n or

{ i fi fli t t we kknar
,
'

afi ; i alcl e n or k R
{ a ni a i w e h k ,
»

ai m i alo l n ci fi n o r k 3 5m
-—
e , ,

am i clcl e n ci n g i we kkn ci 3 25 , ,

fl ffl i we kkn ci n g .

te n ark, & c .
 GON D I GR AM MAR . ll

j
Da t . 81; A c c . 71? te n, 3
3? idd en .
g g“
a i we h kun .

Lo ca ti ve , m i we te .
{ 333m i we kkn e .

Ab la tive fiafi te ns e , fi at ! {m i w h k il
'

, g e no .

i dd e n s e
Pr ep . r oo t , a? te n , {33 idd en
gages i we kk . .

The d e m o n s tra ti ve p r o n o un s Witt or th a t ( m a s ,

c uli n e ) ; a n d WE a d t h a t ( fe m a n d n eu t e r ) ; a r e
: ,
.

d e clin e d a s th e pe r s o n a l p r o n o u n s Wk or h e a n d , ,

W3 a d s h e i t Whe n u s e d wit h n oun s ho w eve r

, ,
.
, ,

t h e y a r e n o t d e cl in e d ; ex Ht fi g mgfit e r m ci n r s ci lar .

“ “
of t hi s m a n ; H fifi fit i d na te n or
”
of t hi s v il
’

l ag e .

In d efin i te P ron oun s .

S in g ular . P lur al .

N o m i n a ti v e , a l? bor e ,
l
“
An yo n e
( m a s c u l i ne) .

G e n i ti ve ,
ban are , a m
bon a i .

Da t . Ac c . flfl i ban a i
E .

Lo c a ti ve , Wi fi bore te .
U n us e d .

A b l a ti v e , bon a i s e .

Pr ep r oo t .
, $ 133ban a i .

N o m inati v e , a s ba dd e , An yo n e
( fe m i n in e ) an
y
t hi ng .
12 G OND I G RA MMA R .

S i n gul a r .

G e n i ti ve , R a
f a ba d e n or,
H ?"a ba d e n d .

Dat . 85 A c c . ba d e n e .

Lo c a ti ve , 1? ba we g
35 fe . Un us e d .

Abl a tive , H RE E
} ba d en s e .

P r ep r oo t
.
,
ba d e n e .

U n d e cli n a b l e z— H agl s a bhi ,

f eve ry .

a m uh a ch, a fe w .

er g wa lle ,
m an y .

HR: hdm i, s o m e thi n g .

In te rr oga ti v e P ron ouns .

S i n gular . Plural .

N o m in ativ e , fit bar, wh o ?
‘
E

( m a s c ul i n e )
G e n iti ve , ah ) t bon e r, H) F ޤ|i
bon ork, afim
bon d, Efifl m ’
bo
Unu s e d .

-
D at . A ce . f
a t ci bon .

Lo ca ti ve ,
Er a? ba we g
fe .

A b l a ti v e , flates bon d l
in .

P r ep r oo t eh a bon
‘ ‘

. .
,

we ba d , W ho 1
?
( fe m i n i n e ) Whi h ? c i s d e cli n e d
y t o EVE; a d an? ba tti Wha t
s i m i l arl .
,
? ( n e ut e r ) is
o n ly u s e d i n th e n o m i n a ti ve ca s e .
 GON D I G RA MM AR . l3

N B — D i s ti n c t i o n b e t w ee n an? ba tti an d an ?
“

. .

bdrdn an d may bai l, al l m e an in g Wh at ?

“
fli
‘

fi ba tti i s us e d wi t h a noun ; ex W ? W ES .
,
e

m i ? ba tti nd td l wdti r fr o m , wh a t v illag e h a ve y o u

c om e

mt ? bd/rcin i s us e d al o n e a s Wh at ? or i s p l a c e d
a t t h e b e i n ni n g of a s e n t e n c e t o m ak e i t i n t e r
g
3 } bd
’

r o a ti ve ex
g H R ? .
{3, 17 1 3 ra n i m m d

i d e n i n da ton i d o s t t hou s ay t hi s
'

are; boil i s a n a c c u s at i ve ca s e ; e x zin s £53}

e .
,

ba l ke ki wh a t wilt t ho u d o
,

R e la ti v e P ron ouns .

The i n t e rr o ga ti ve p r o n o u n fi t he r s upp li e s t h e
wa n t of a r e l a ti ve p r o n ou n a n d th e d e m o n s tr a ti ve
,

i fit or t h a t of a c o rr e l a ti ve ; ex
'
$ 157 ; i 259; afi .
,

T E
H E W lt fi t
'
“
i
bom n i hun e ki n d ke p a n n i r
or d h a n a an du r he s h all be b l e s e d w ho m he
y , s

s h a ll fin d s o d o i n g .

N B - The H i n di r e l ati ve pr o n ou n 5h j o c or
. .

r u t e d i n t o a) ? on i s a l s o i n c o m m o n u s e
p j .

A DJ E CT IV E s .

The u m be r of a dj e cti ve s i n G o n di i s ve ry
n

sm all m o s t b ei n g s upp li e d i n a m o r e or l e s s c o r
,

r u t e d fo r m by H i n d i They ar e n o t a ff e c t e d b
p .
y
n um be r c a s e or g e n d e r ; ex
33 am ta g z T m .
,
“
 14 G ON D I G RAMMAR .

i d ba chlcd p oh ta an d, thi s l o a d i s he avy ; 2 3

? ms

mefia as fi ne; m ega e rk m drs dlor k wa lle d h onga l

an dur k, t he s e m e n a r e ve ry t all .

H in d i a dj e c ti ve s , whe n us ed ,
if e n di n g in W a
ha n g e t h e a i n t o 351)
ex 3 1 1 burd evi l
“

c is" 0 .
, , ,

b ecom e s
3 t buro ; I ” s an d e m p t y a t) s uno
“

f f , .

P ar ti cipi al a dj e ctive s ar e fairly n u m e rou s e ndin g ,

alm o st a lwa y s i n w e d l ; ex 3 m
3 g p i h d l
’

a a t
.
, ,

r e n t ; Hi ng w a ttd l d r y ; mm a h a l we t
'

,p u , .

Comp a ri s on of a dj e c ti ve s i s fo r m e d by th e a d
di ti o n of 33u r e f or th e c o m p ara ti ve a n d m ,

s a btal or R a fi s a bs e f o r th e s upe rl a tive ; e x fi flfi ‘

.
,

s a n hro d e n s e ; a ? flat ) u r e s a nghr o m o r e d e n s e ;

g , ,

R ama W ) s a btdl s a n ghro m o s t d e n s e

-
, .

N U MERALS .

Th e G o n d l a n gu ag e o nly po s s e s s e s n um e ral s of
i t s o wn up t o t e n ; i f i t o ri gin all y h a d m or e n o ,

tra c e of t he m i s a ny whe r e t o b e fo u n d A bove .

t e n t h e H in di e qui v al e n t s ar e u s e d In th e .

M a n dl a J ub b ulpor e a n d Bala gha t D is tri c t s f or

, ,
‘
,

whi c h a l o n e I c a n s pe a k t h e G o n di fo rm s f or
,

e igh t a n d n in e ha ve a l s o be c o m e o b s o l e t e b ut I ,

i ve t he m b e l o w o n t h e a ut ho ri t y of t h e R e v J
g . .

D a ws o n s vo c a bul ary i n t h e J ourn a l of th e As i a ti c

’

S oci e ty o
f Be nga l .
l6 GON D I GR A M MAR .

The V e rb 35 3
mm ki dn d, t o d o ( H i n d i m m) .

R oo t a fi ki .

"

l N DI CAT l V E M oo n .

P
P r e s e n t Te n s e ( H . s i
‘

o -
ht Tn i f )
'

Si n gul ar . P l ur a l .

T e n afi m i fim 3 a dm i ns
“

111 11 2

n a n nd ki d ton d m a m m d t ki d tor a m
u n éfi s i m
‘
ml
’
m a fim ifit i z
'

2 nd pe r g u
‘

.
{
i m ma ki d ton i i m mat kiatori t
f

3rd p e r .

m asc ki a tor orlc ki d tork

'

. or .

3r d p e r . mg “
65 3
mm is fi sh i m?
‘

fe m . or n eu t . ad ki dtd d d ki d tdn g

P erf e ct Te ns e ( H f fifi faint é )
Sin gular P l ur a l
. .

man afiam
‘

l st p e r .

n annd ki ton a m a m m d t ki tor a m .

m m h m a fiatfi z
‘

2 nd p e r .
31 i rt ? su

i m m ei ki toni i m m d t ki tori t .

3d pe r
r . h:
ss af rfi m s fii afiifié

m asc . or ki tor or k ki tork .

3r d p e r . are: a i m s fi afi fii n
ns ki ta n
'

fe m . or n eut . ad ki td e
g .

T h e fin al 3t of th e 2 ud p e rson pl ural y
v er common l y be
com e s r .
 G ON DI G R AM M A R . 17

P lup e rf e ct Te n s e ( i i?! fi fim WT )
i

Si n g ular . P lur al .

l st pe r . am Elfin? Rum a fil fi HEfiI R

n ann d ki s i m at m a i n md t ki s i m a t
ton d . tor a m .

2n d pe r .

i mm a ki s i m a ttoni . i mm d t l s
ki s i m a t
tori t .

3rd p e r .

m as c . or ki s i m a tte r . or k ki s i rna ttork .

3r d p e r . e re: ai n t
‘
wen s fi t ra in
fe m . or n eu t . ad ki s i m a ttd . i n ki s i m a ttd ng
( .

Sl n gul ar . P l ur al
1 st p e r .

n a nn a ki n ddn . m a mmd t kin dom .

2 nd per .
s m afi a tw
u
’

i mm a ki n d i . i m m d t ki n di t .

3rd p e r .

m a sc . or hi n dur . or lc ki n dur k .

3r d p e r s ei
. e f
g n
fe m . or n e ut . ad kin d . an kin dung .

9“ T h e final 2 t of th e 2 ud p erson plur al v er y com mon l y be

com e s
‘

g r .
18 GO ND I G RAMMAR
‘

P a s t Te ns e ( H sfifi farm) .

S i n g ul a r . P l u ra l .

1 st p e r H EN fi dr i
“ ' '

. q r

n a nn d ki td n . rn a m m d t ki tom .

2nd pe r .
{ a n El fin? gu m Ba h ia
i m m a ki ti i m m d t ki ti r
'

. .

3r d p e r . s il t dfi t
g
m a sc . or ki ta r .

3r d p e r . we: E fifi '

fe m . or n eu t . ad ki t .

Future Te ns e ( H —
)
“

. Fl GE HT'

s .

S i n g ul ar . P lural .

l st p e r .
H E" a fisna m Hu m fi fl T$ ) H

n a n nd kid /rd . m a m m d t lai d korn .

2nd pe r .
s wr s
11h rink

i m m d ki dlf i . i m m at
3r d p e r .

m asc . or lcz a n ur . or/c ki dnur/c .

8r d p e r 3
3 $t
“

. 51

Je m or n eu t
. . ad ki ar . an kz anun g .

e. comm only con t ract e d in to m Min t , an d kele i , W ET

kdnur , &c .
 GON D I G RA M MA R . 19

Pa ul o - P os t Fu ture fail “
S in gul a r . P l u ra l .

l st p e r . am ai n t
’
m m m m mi n? m i n
n a nnd ki s i man m a m m al ki s i m a n '

d aka da lco m
'

. .

fim W m
-
”
2 nd pe r .
gun a fit anr 31 s ? H

i rnrnd ki s i m an
d aki . i m m d t ki s i m an
d a ki t
'

3rd p e r .

m asc ki s i m a n da n ur or k ki s i rn a n dan u r k
'

. or .

3r d p e r . are: e mf? want i

s ? a fit fi w rfin
fe m eut ad ki s i m a n d dr an ki s i m a n da nun g
'

. or n . .

In d efin i te I mp e rf e ct ( H T1 W
. T) .

S i n g u l ar . P lu r a l .

1 st p e r . TE? "
T e n 3E 1 m m 3?! t
nan nd le i e n d . rn a m rnd t ki e rom .

2 nd pe r .
sum sci at i c r
-

i m m a ki e n i . i m m d t lei e ri t
f
.

3rd p e r . El )? W E E
m asc . or ki e r . or k ki e r ie .

3r d p e r . e:
ar mi sfi t as ? attai n
fe m eut ad ki wdr u ki wa ng
' ’
. or n . . a .

T h e fin al 2 t of t h e 2 n d pe rs on pl ural v er y com m onl y be

c om e s g r.
20 G o N DI GR AMM AR .

S UBJ U N CTI VE M OO D
’

Pre s en t Te n s e ( H Ti .

S i n g ul a r .

l st p er .
“

am s i man
-
s
mam ah a W
-
u

n a nn d Ici aka m a m md ! ki dkom

'
. .

2 ud p e r .
{ w e m fia
a

i m m a ki aki .

3r d p e r .

m a sc . or lai r . or lo ki rk .

3r d p e r .

fe m . o r n eut . ad lei . an ki n g .

IMPE RAT IVE MOO D .

(H . at a f t .
)
Si ngul ar , P lural .

2 n d per .

IN FINIT IVE M OO D .

(H mm . au di t ) .

w
da n ki an a, ca ms ki dle

T h e final a t of th o 2 ud person plural y commonly

v er be

co m e s 3r
'
.

0
 G O NDI G R A MMA R . 21

P ARTI CIP LE S .

ki te /at e .

P O TE N T I A L .

P res e n t Te ns e (H f ? ER i \f
C

1l p e r . FIE" a fim 11 3 131 31
n a n nei lcz a p a p z ton d, 850
' ' '
'
.

P e rf e ct Te ns e (H 3
K
? Ti t . a F EET

l s t Pe r . wan afi m w aft? !
f

n a nn d lsz d p a r ton d, 8 m
'

P lup e rf e ct Te ns e (H }? slit m)
N

. nan .

l st p e r .
am mi e n t i aa
r? ush e r

n a nn d kw p a rs t m a ttond, & c
’

kz ci p a rnddn, 8m
’

n a n nei .
22 G ON D I G R A MM A R .

P a s t Te ns e (H . 3 ER “

F EET ) .

l st pe r .
Hat afim Rama

n a nnct kz et p a r tdn , 850

’

T
Fu ture Te n s e (H . fi Gi t F3 1)
3 .

l st p e r .
REIT 313
3"

n a nn et kid p a rdkd,

an d r e g ul arl y t hr oug h th e r em ai n in g t e n s e s .

INC EP TIVE
Pr es e n t Te n s e (H f ?! W et E ’l m i
i ) .

1 8 1? Pe r Wan sfi m i m am
n a/ n nd ktct lcltona , & é
'

Imp e rfe ct Te ns e (H f ? EEG } 65m"

“

WT ) .

l st p e r . W 35 3
m
n a nn d ci letteln , 850
’

lm .

an d r e gul arl y t hr oug h a ll t h e t e n s e s .

Wi th th e Ne ga tiv e fgfi Mlle .

The perfe c t i m pe rfe ct p a st futur e a n d i n

, , , ,

d efi n it e i m pe r fe c t t e n s e s of t h e i n di c a ti ve m oo d ,

W he n c oup l e d Wit h t h e n e g a ti ve fz é Mlle a r e ,

c o n ug a t e d t hu s
j
24 GON D I GR AMMAR .

NB. The p r e s e n t t e n s e of t hi s verb afi s m

.
- t

x
Manet o ft e n a ppe ar s a s éfi HTEflTHT kz alton a a n d ‘ '
'
’a
,

TH T kdlton d ai m ru n? Ma ltonz & c

-
EFF
' ’

, .
,

Co nj u g a ti o n ve rb s WRIT? " d yan ct

of th e ,
and

W
‘
th e
’
T ? " m a n d anct b o t h s i g
,
n i fy i n
g t o b e ,
‘ ’ (
l a t t e r wi t h t h e s e n s e of r e m a i n i n g or con
’
t i n ui n g t o b e .

WT HT i g rm )
‘ ‘

V erb (H
’
‘H cr
/ an a,
to b e . .

R oo t an a .

P A RTI CIP LE S .

we? i c s t, W W a s z lcun ,
' ’

m afia? as oke .

IN D I C ATIVE MOO D
P r e s e n t Te n s e ( H .
{W
ET
i ) .

a yd tonel,
'

or

a rm
”
(H g !.

g) .

3
311 11? dis t h a nd dton d .

I mp e rf e ct Te n s e ( H .
El m W or
g) ,

(g e n e rall y u s e d as a P r e s e n t Te n s e ) .

W a n acin
' '
5H
? .

P e rfe ct Te n s e ( H gm )
g
“

. .

W rfi n atona
-
'
T
'

.
 G O ND I G R A MM R A . 25

P lup e rfe ct Te ns e (H g? . " w) .

W ? Fi fi? ” ds z m a tton a
’

P a s t Te ns e (H ge n). .

m am d tdn .

Future Te ns e ( H gm) . .

W T dydkd .

P a ul P os t Fu ture Te ns e (H a
o- .
“

W mm as c ka n daka
’

In d efini te Imp e rf e ct Tens e ( H 3 HT .

3 3
111 31 aye n d .

IMPERATI VE M OO D

POTEN T IAL M OO D .

-
H al fft? ! dya p a rttonet .

IN CE P TIVE M OO D .

( H . mm
3
WWI dyct lci ton a .
26 G ON D I G RAM MAR .

V e rb W ? " m a n ddna, to be,

’
or to r em ain .
’

( H t am). . R oo t F mm an .

P ART I CIPLE S
vi a l m a nyz , rifl es? m a nyz kun .

I N D I CATIVE M OO D .

P re s en t Te ns e (H .
W W
W m a n d on d, or

(H .
( gm
g) . In
gma r m a n da tond .
'

P e rfe ct Te ns e (H ) l m m a tton d
( gr
g
"

. .
fi .

P lup e rfe ct Te n s e ( H . ( ET

h t
a
fim m a nj z m a ttond
’
t tfi .

Imp e rfe ct Te ns e ( H . ( g m t n) .
m a m a n da n .

gm
-
P as t Te ns e ( H ( at ) 13?
3 r m a nj h a ttdn
"

. . e z .

Future Te ns e (H t g m) m
'

. . arl m a n ddkd .

P a ul P os t Futur e Te ns e (H
o- . 1 3
3 11 )
31

1 13? m m m a nyz h a n d d kd .

Ind efini te Imp e rfe ct Te n s e (H . ( g m) .

i l a ?n m a n n e na .

IM PERATIVE M OO D
 GON D I GR AM MA R . 27

P O T EN T I A L M OO D .

(H . ( 3

WRIT “ TNT?" m a n da p a ri ton a

' ’

IN CEP TIVE MO OD .

(H . ( 9
31 { m m

a m a n d? “ m a n dd ld ton d .

Ne ga ti v e t e n s e s of m m dydn d a r e dyon
an d } d wa ke of m m d "EF
’

d
’

$ 1313 ; m a n n a are T? !
m a n n on fi ? m a n n dke a n d t h e i m pe ra ti ve
an d Ra

with far? b e c o m e s w dyi m a a n d 1mm m a nm d

’

T wo n ote s wi th r e ga r d to th e Imp e r a ti v e .

(1 ) The n e ga t ive fo rm of t h e i m p e r a tive d oe s

n o t n e c e s s aril y r e qu ir e t h e fin } m i nn e t o b e e x
p r e s s e d z— a s f or ex ,§g fi d im? ih un e ke m d r D o n t
.
,
"

,
’

do so .

(2 ) In o m e fe w ve rb s a n a l t e r n a ti ve fo r m of
s

t h e i m pe r a ti ve i s p r efe r e d e n d i n g i n 33 1 um ,

f or ex fr o m fi n? " ta ttdnd if ? ta ch chhum

“ “

as,
.
, ,

fr o m E M T ta n ddn d fig? ! ta n rs um fr o m w ar ,

n a ch ch a nd 7 n a ch ch hum ; fr o m 33 mm wa h tdnd
'

, , ,

H g? ! wa ke ha m .
 m
a r ba ggd, w h e r e ?
i sm" d
ag
g , t h e r e .

3s 5 2
599 ,
0 h e re .

3? amfi ure bagga n e , e ls e wh e r e .

fi t" r ap é wit h in ,
.

aw i t bd h a r o u t i d e
a o s f
, .

5}
3 m un n e , b e fo r e .

i
p jj ,
d b e hi n d .

af t p a rr o,
”
a b ov e .

f at ? s i m, b e n e a t h
’

w as ba ggd ld l or W 331 ba ggdh a r d, wh e n c e ’

7

W » d d l m dh rd, t h e n c e
‘

e; r
a
gg g or
g gg a a .

W 2 1 3 iggd Z
dl w as?! i gga h a yd, h e n c e
’
or '
.

a s
s Za k, fa r .

3 th p uré t, n ar e .

fa fi 2 13
5 bi khe
3 tail, w hi ch wa y ?
fgé mes h i lt / e i
f ,
a l t hi s wa
'

r
y .

Of ti m e .

“
u
ar fit bapp ,
ar w h en ?
a: s n ear , t o d ay .

i !
n in gci, n ow .

in d e ke ,
f
n ow (e mp h a ti ca lly) .

wf at y e s t erd a
y .

a§r§ n a rka z to m
’

,
- o rr o w .
 G ON D I G R AMMAR . 85

Sh it j he r l a t e ,
.

a t rfii bapp or e , s o m e ti m e s .

i ?" 2 16 i n gcl tell, h e n c e fo rt h .

Of ord er, m a n n er, d e gr e e , qua n ti ty .

ari as bd ta l, h o w ?

{ i f }: i ch e ke r e ,
so m uc h .

W }? ba ch ch ore , h o w m u c h

WE T n a kka , m or e , or m u ch .

Of r m a ti on a n d n e ga ti o n
a
fi f
.

ii} i nge , y e s .

f g é h i ll e , n o , n ot
‘

N B —.T he. r e st ar e s u pp li ed fr o m H in di .

P RE PO SIT ION S .

o n l y t r u e p r e p o s i ti o n 1 s
T he th e w o r d fag; bigu r,
e xc e p t a d o p t e d fr o m Hi n di
,
.

P os tp os i ti ons -
f tr -
s sn d
p jj ,
i a ft r e ; 33
31 na du m,

b e t w ee n ; fgé bl
i k h e t o w ar d s ; 3 1
,
7} l ei/fi e f o r ( c o r
,

ru te d
p H i n d i ) ; f a t ? s i r i u n d e r ; t if f p
,
a rro u p o n ,

am l a
g a s ,
f ar a s ( H i n d i ) .

\
S fi
u zve s : — T I te a t i n 21
, 6 f
5 ai l ,
o r m a tel l f r o m , , .

CONJ U N CT ION S .

Conn e cti v e — w m i, an d; H) ? s oi, al s o ( Hi n di)

ga ff} bap p ore , s o m e ti m e s .

D 2
 I NT E RJ ECT ION S .

mi a re , wh at ! Oh ! ( H i n d i) ; vi d h a r t, b e ofi"

‘
A s t o n i s h m e n t i s g e n e ra lly e xpr e s s e d b y
’ ’
a c l ck

o f t h e t o n gu e .
 G ON D I GRAMMAR . 37

V O C AB U L A R Y .

E n glish . G ondi . Hi nd i .

A b a n d o n, 11 . u m p a
oh l /n d , ai m , Ri g Em .

okchi si ana
'

p .

A b an d on e d, a dj fi gma p oh tal, .
m afia gm , W
35
1 n a klcd ba re .

3
11 .

Ab at e, i NWT ? " h a t e flz m
“ ‘
v . . at g .

m a yan a .

Ab at e , a t . a: 3
mm
35 gh f
age 2 mm .

Ab e t , an
?fi m a bh a re

Ab h o r, v fi mum
fix hi n n e f zm aim
.
g .

A b i d e, mm m a n dan a . ( g m
.

Ab l e ( ) w na la ng W
'

str n g o , a
ad j . wa lk .

A b s o rb , v . Ifitq 35
’
3
mm s okh e I MF " .

ki an a
’

Ab un d an t, j W
ad n a kka .
agm .

Ab us e, t hfi m m zz gina m
ma ? E
’ ’

. .
38 GON D I GRAMMA R .

E nglis h . G on di . Hi nd i .

A c c e l e r a t e, v . Wit ! 3
35 m jh ap i at W T .

ki s e h tdn d .

A cc e p t, v .
y d et
n d .

A c cum ul a t e , v . afi fi mfm m ’
w a rp
ne
f
ki dn d .

-
A ch é r tr ee ( E u
g s a r e ka
'

ri an .

ch a n a ni a la
tifoli a ) , n .

A ch e , v .
m n oi tdn d .

A ci d , ad
j R ai n a; s a wz t d l
’

. .

A c quir e, v W a nn a n a, § € fi lm
’
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ta n a .

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 40 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E ngl ish . Hi ndi .

App are l, n .
faai ai di kri
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A p p e a r, v .
3
3 1 31
11 d i s dn d .
3 15 ne w .

A ppl y, v m m m l h 3mm
'
.
a g vn e gg a .

tdn d .

Arc h e r, n . 3mm a fl m aafi .

ka m td ki d n wdre .

A ri s e , v .
iam te ddnd .

A r m pi t,
-
n .
m i ka kri . e mu .

Ar m y, n . 11 3ml ?
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Ar o un d, p rep .
HT § 1T t i
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Arriv e v , . ET Q TH T a wwdn a
’

A s , m ay .
mg? bdha n, 6m um .

le /cd .

A s c e n d, v .

A s h e s, n .
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 GON D I GRAMMAR . 41

E nglis h . G o nd i . Hi n di .

A t, p rep . $ 1 te
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A t hi r s t, a dv . 3
55 W S
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3
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B a ck b o n e n

Bag , n . 11 1 , $13
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B ak e , d m
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11 mm .

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B al e v
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B a nk 72 , .
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Fr l l
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v, .

Bar, v . m ach hdn d . fl a t BR E T .

C\
42 GON D I GRAMMAR .

En l i g sh . G ondi . Hi ndi .

Ba r tr ee (Fi cus be re li . as is .

I n di ca ) , ri

B a rb a ti ( S a m a “ mi c hanai .
EN E } .

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35! m HEWIT
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.
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ki dn d .

mi ni m d ydn d, ai m, ( gm .

HE W m a n d dn d .

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p a n n e, q fip0
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f
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IT .

n .

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3
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med .

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id d e n ldn e .

B e c om e v 311 11? N W ds i 51 mm
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h a n ddn d .
 G ON D I G R AMMAR . 43

E nglis h . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

m ha la l . m t t ni taffz m , .

man? ai n t
’
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wi s z ,
’
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1 1a

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p .
ga m a ri n e . ni g
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,

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kdn d .

B e gin , v . ag
gt 8mm m ah mi n ‘

afit m .

tha r ye ta md
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.
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‘ ‘

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l
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B e r tr ee ( Zi e g i m re n
gd .
at .

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B e s m e ar v 3mm al um
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B e s t a dj ,
.
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3
m be s h . T i m .

Bhii aw a n u t (S e 35d fwesrm

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c a rdium ) , n

B hi n di (H i bi s cus NET bh e r a .

e s cule n tus ) n ,

Bi g a dj,
fi t b
.a r or .
44 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglis h . G ondi . Hi n di .

um d oh td nd 31W ”
-
B in d v , .
gi gr . .

B ird n , fa? p i nto . fa f gm

b r i dl e , n fi w l ka mdm fixfi
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Bi t, of . sfi . s .

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lags a h tan d .

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B la n k e t n ,
. 1 31
353 ka m rd .
m .

B l ee d v ,
.
Hat fi rfim n a ttw $ i 1 31 .

a
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p g zn .

B li gh t n ,
. fa g? j hi rz W T; f‘fi fi
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. H at n a ttwr .
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/ and . fE E’SHT .

B lo w v ,
. d h kand .

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.

3385 w as butle 1
3
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.

m d ta l .

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n a
g es o ne n du l .
slf lt .

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B o g, n . ( an
a l kh a n d o ga ra ,
se tu m .

B oil v t W WI a ta n a 3611657 11
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 G ON D I GRAMMAR . 45

E n glish . G o nd i . Hi n di .

B o rr o w e d p m ta r tan mt fai n m
p a
g
. .
, . .

B o s om n ,
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B o th conj fa m}
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ad
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f } m at e .
M a ri ya .
f wd
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B o u gh n , . ta m khd n dd . s ft
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B o un d v , . 333517 11 d a h kdn d . 3
56
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.

51 mm m urs d n d .

\o
B o w el s n a dd u h m
I o

3
3
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11
,
.
p . .

Bo y , n .
insures r a ga . a
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B c e l e t, n fi i fit ta nn e r , f
at
ra .

i
ch ard .

B re a d n , .

B r e ak v i , . .

v t . .

B r e a sts n ,
.

B ri b e n , .

B ri n g v , .

B ro a d a dj , . W } ch a kvo .

B r oo m n , . § E Tt kaisar .

B r o th e r n , . Ba t
i ta m m a r . un
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W } bhalo l w, n . .

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B ucke t (o f 11
‘
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l e a t h e r) , n .

B uffal o n , .

Bug, n .
46 GON D I GRAMMAR .

En l i g sh . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

B ull m ,
. we re s an d h al . H ie .

B ull o ck ,
n . a d s?
‘
konda,
fl i t 3
65 .

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,
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B ur n v v SEE N? ” Ica r wana 365m

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,

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3 . .
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Bu t conj
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531 .

By ( n e ar) p rep .
l fifim m oti s , ii i ? faafiz WU , .

ka rrwm .
48 G O ND I G RAMMAR .

E nglish . G o nd i . Hi ndi .

C h eek n korwz mes

’

.
,
. .

C h i ck e n fi nes c hz wd l m
'

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3d ? ” ckh oa w d . Ei T , 31335 .

tfigt fi p ohp z .
m
RR? 35i n a br e
g m 7i

Mari a
C h op v Rain? " n a r ka na am
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. 8 3531 FRU IT
11 8 7 3I s a Ma s z h
C h ri s t n , $ 1 " .
fi t " fl lfi z .

C le an s e v [ a dj FIRT H? ” nurs z ycna fim fi lm

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,

C le ar (lim p i d ) ch h i nn o , . fav es .

C le av e v ,
11 1mm a i a tan d
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. . 33
W .

C lim b v flfir m ta rgdna m

‘ ' ‘
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Col d -
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313
55 .

(r ain ) n ft fi p i rr , . . 33 WT Elm
C oa t n
, .
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W m ,
GfiT .

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‘ '

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Col d ( t o b e oom e ) nu n? " m a r a nga n d

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.
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W W
[chzrm
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n . IR E" a r cha P
g a m ? ,
 GON D I GRAMMAR . 49

E ng lis h . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

C o m b ( o f c o ck) ggt m a ka r ,
‘ "

g m .

C om e v [ trum wa ya n a W
W
“

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’

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C o m p o un d a n ,
. 51 31 we r a .

C o m pr e h e n d v , . HE W ta wwan a .

C o n c e al v , .
nfl g mm m a ks a h
tdn d,
§W flT fi T

la ks a h tdnd

C o n cl u d e fi n? E
lm? ” kz s z m W
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y et an a .
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T
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.

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m a d e d aily t o W 3) fil m
V ill a g e h er d s WT?" 3
m an , a .
[tan d
C o n v e y a way Raf f 7mm! W
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a zan a . W W" .

C o o l a dj
, .

W m a ru n gtal . 3
31 .

C o rd n
, . 7 1 n on e .

C ork n, . 3
a} gh am
'

C o r n m ill n
-
, .
W j a tta .
50 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglish . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

C o t tag e n fl uf sm tap a r iyd

’
,
.
'

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C o t to n n , . 3m m kap s a . wa s .

C o u gh n ,
. { fla rkh aki
i
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m i nt lcdhchcn d
’

C o u gh v ,
. . ( an

C oun t v , .
m l a khan a .

C o ur tya rd ,
n .
I ? ” r a ch d .

C ov e r v ,
.

g m sa arm r a t n d d .

C ov e r n ,
. m a ch chh e .
m i .

Co w , am .
am m a r a, are ? mu .

( t i l l i t h a } p a dda [t l a zfl mm
’

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a s t . .

c a lv e d ) ,
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Co w p at ,
-
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ch e nd .

C ow s h e d n ,
.
“
55 3
3351 kor ica .

C rab n, . ifi ycle .

C ra dl e n , . s tars? a kh d r z
“ ’

C ra v e v ugs fi m p a r ki n a
'

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C r a wl v i f gmm ko r vta n d
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.
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C r o c o dil e n ,
.

3 7 131 3
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FDR .

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Cr ow a , .
m are; kaw al . 7m
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3
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, . fagt n i tha r .

Cry o ut v , .
m ki llz td n d
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C ubi t n , . a m m
Ima .
gm H t mu .
 G ON D I GRAMMAR . 51

E nglish . G o ndi . Hi n di .

C uc um b e r ,
n . ma
i n a h kd m Ffi t t, 31
‘

m} .

C urs e v ,
. 35h} ai m kos e a m
ki da d
’

affirm ba khi yd . a m .

m p
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J TH 3m m
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D an c e , v .
W y eu d aua, fig ma m .

WT? " s e h tdnd .

D a rkn e s s , ai m ? s z kd lz fin
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El .

swi m a n dh e ra
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gET I T
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D a wn , u . kurkus e . it
w .

D a y, u . faa d iufiqm p i dl fil a .

a ft er to FIG } m a uue . an d .

m or r o w , u .

t hi r d , p a s t { I s m i
“
} h a ruc . .

or
f uture .
52 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglish . G ond i . H in i d .

D a y, f o ur th , p . fil t fi p true .
s fim f fi l
‘
.

or
f u tur e .

fift h , p a s t s am e .

or f u tur e .

D e a d, ad
j . “ Ta s dtdl . HI T gm .

D e cay, v . Eli
‘

gmt
rm ka msd ud F EET
’

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D e ce iv e, v .
W ai
’
m c h a kkd xfim a
m
r
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kz a ud
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D e e r, u . W 7 35 m do k . fi l

5 m ,
37 1 .

D e i ty ( G o d ) , u . W WW bh a gwd u .
imam m am
,
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(i d ol ) ,
u 117 -
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33 .

D el a y , u . fiit j h e rfisrmt a wd r .
i t , fit .

D e m o n, fi d a i thur
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.
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D e m o n s tr a t e , v g mgmm kurs a k m .

td u d .

257 1
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5 a .

m d u rd
D en s e , ad
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ghro . W .

D e pr i v e , v .
m m u n ab a h 333m .

tdua .

D e ri s i o n , fi fi kz rz 3
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D e s c e n d, Em dtya n d, -
’

v .
?" r E RG n .

mm r a gga ud
’

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( t o c a us e i 32 1? “ re h td nd . m .

t o) , v .
 G ON DT GRAMMAR . 53

E nglis h . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

W WW d ws a h q mm
’

D e s p a t ch , v .

g ,

D e w, u . T i l m a ch .
[tdud . wi l l .

D e w la p , u . H im ga rd dn .
71 51 3
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D h ak t r ee ( Eu gt m ur .

te a ,
f ron d a

3a ) , u .

D h awa tr ee fi
“ n a mmd . WEN .

( G r is te a . to
m e n tog a ) , u .

m m W
’ ’

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fi a t gold .

EE WH EHTH T kochi h d ram .

tciua , aim ? "

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kd td n d .

Dip , v .

g rew? Fl a m mu W ET .

m h ch z
"
s z d u d,
’

D i r e c ti o n , u .

D i s ci p l e , u .

D is m i s s , v .

i
sz c ua s tdn et
/
. .

D i s tri b ut e , v . an
C\
? sh i m tus z
’

w3 : 111 .
54 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglish . G ond i . Hi nd i .

D i s t ur b , v . flan} ai m u s e fm m, sam
v .

Mau d .

D o, v . 35 m Man et . m .

D oe , u . ? d af t
313 . fi l m} .

D og , u .
3m a , f ag? si tt z
’

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531,
gf ti .

D on e , to be -
Tran n tuu au a . W .

m an a g e d, v
D o ub le , ad
j . 7 m" u a rp d .

D ov e , u .

D o wn ( of
3
m buz ya, H IE f i n
'

1 .

b ir d s ) ,
u . m ar e .

D oz e v ,
.

W T kurkz u a
’

. 5737 11 .

D ra g v ,
.
H W TH T wz s kau a, i433] ,
'

é "

Wfi h m an a
’

a rm t

D ra w w a t e r, v . 3mm u m au a .

D re s s ( of m e n ) v .

Wm p oud au a . uf zw (gs fi Q ‘
t
‘ “

fa wn
( o f w om e n ) v . 353m? ” uh tau a . RF

fai n R) .

D rin k, v .
m uud d/n a .

— to
( m ak e t o) v .
m u h ta u a . f
D riv e i n ( as a 3 m m u rs a k- n
 G O ND I GRAMMAR .

E ngl ish . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

E mp t y , ad
j .

v .

E n cl o s e ,
E n d, n .

E n lar g e , v
E n te r , v fi fg -
fl T IT s o m tdn a
’
‘

. T .

E n v y, v meal m r ka r wi 313 W .

tdn d [
'

. n aa

E r e c t, v . fm n il a h td G ET FR ET .

E rr, v . m a rgin a .

1 5 "
57

E s ca p e ,
v . q HTH T p i ss an d 3a m .

E vade v , . w h i arm rp a s z s z fi re man m ar

E v e n, a dv .

E v e n in g, n

E v e r, a dv .
[ a dv .

E v e r y wh e r e ,
E x c e p t , p r ep .

E x c r e m e n t, n fifl p i n g [ kZCl/ILCL
‘

. t . .

E xp a n d , Em
v . a 7 5l : ba gr e mam .

E x p e l, v .
m3m
13 kh e d e
W WI .

kz dn d
’

E x ti n g uis h , v .

a men ka wa . mm a ? gag i .
 GON D I GR AMMAR . 57

Hi n di .

Q
m 1 we:
0

ln m knn d d w

E y e la s h , ftfi fl m i n dz Hfifl l
‘
' ‘
n . . .

E y e li d , m ffi ua i kam tip lz ‘
min t
’

n . .
nasal ;

F all v, . f m
af i r a v r dn d, fi fil m .

3T ? " m i r dn d .

F a m il y n m ka rm a u
“

,
.

ge .
g ,n gg
raa .

F ami sh v , . [n . as mum km ; 53 a? a m .

m d s e tz [s a g/a n a Em
0
1 1 1 I

Fa n wi n g
“

. . .

C\

Fa r , 3 17
5 la kh .
at
-
fi kw wz nj 5 ( ? a
’

nt
“
st 12 1 ag
i . $ es
t

h e r, n .
[
n .
538
31 7 5 d ad al . q [ a m7 1)
f r

Fa th i l -
er n -
a w, 3
31 m a rg ai .

t .

F e ar n ,
. H IT w a rri . gt .

F e a th e r n , . mi m are .
In
,
1 118 .

F e ed v ,
. film ti ni an a . 13
51 3
2 1 31 .

F e m al e n ? l
'

m dz
’

, .
‘H
TI af r, FIT .
E .

F e n ce n ,
. afl we mfi fi fi kz m
' '

F e v er n M T
'

a r/cz at an
f

,
. .
, .

Fe w, W a m n Yfié
a/ rn d ,
h
ad
j .
a . .

585? n e lz , 13
2
n el
’

Fi e ld ,
n . 11 . .

Fi g , n . ai m toyd . "a t .

F ill v
,
fm m ni h td/nd
.
. at m .

Fill i n e ar th v 33mm m n h tdn d , . . HR ? H U N .

58 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglis h . G ond i . H i nd i .

F ill e d ( t o b e ) v ,
. ffi mmn i n n a tdn d . 3
1 W .

F in d v , [ a dj .

gy m p n fl dn d . ffl a fi T .

Fi n e ( of t ex t ur e ) Wil fit j hz n or 3
’

13
3 3
‘

r . .

F in i s h v fin? in n? kz s z m f ag
’ ’

an
“

,
. El " e ",

, m m m
y det
n d a ar .

m dh tdn d .

F ir e n
, . fi lm kis .

F ir e fly n ,
. faa fi m in ke .

x
F ir s t a dj nfga l p a hvlo
’

.
, .

F is h n fi a mzn
’

, . l .

fra m e for W
0 0
t ghn s s a r .

c a t ch i n n
g, .

F iv e ( n u m b e r) 33
31 di yd n g
1 s .
’
Q fir .

F la x n
, .
Ema bdi yal .

Fle a n, . f ai n p vttd .

F le e v
,
. 38 ? m a r ( Mi a ma ca w" .

h a n d dn d,

j dn a
’

T H? " a mt .

F lin g v , . WW I n a ch ch h dn d fii fim .

F lo a t a wa y v ,
.
p ng
o dn d .

F lo o d n ,
. a mt ma . ma .

F l o ur n —
f u { i p i n dz
r
’

, . .

F lowe r n ,
.

gm t p a ng dr .

53
55 .

g m d znd ni gh t
-
’

v .
p , ae n
gg « .

i a} wz s z [ p o mn d 313151 7
’ ’ ' 2
ar . .

tu f tmm p orz tdn d 33 m

- ’

. .
 GON DI GRAMMAR .

E n li g sh . G ond i . Hi ndi .

Foot n , m ka l
F or e s t n fi at d on guv
“

F o rg e t v , M E E T ma
d d
’

va n
n
g sz .

F o rk ( h a y) n ,
. $ 26 ? kn v e lz
’

. 35 m RTE
F o ur (n u m b e r ) 5
7 11 57 1 n dld n
g .

F o wl n .
[ n . . kha m ’
.

—
(h alf ) fii p oz 3p j
3
'

?
'

r o wn
'
t 11
g ,
ozn .

F o x, kn s a ttz
'

n . .

F ri g h t e n v ,
.
ai m ?” wa vr a k 31 W” .

Frog n , .
q fip a n n e .
[ tdn d fi iafii
F r o m p r ep ,
.
fi nes tdl, ZT€ 5 - - -t dl, “

a .

4 53 1 -
h a md
F r o s t ( h o a r) ,
n .
"

gm tn s s dv
F ro th n ,
.
a rt l dv
F ue l n
ii hh n z
,
. c .

F ull a dj
, .
fiz z m enr .

F urr o w n ae kd r h
g
.
, .

G a te , n .
mga r p h a p kd .

Ga z e , v H TE l f n dd z n d
’

T-
'

fl
‘
. .

Gh e e , ma n? p dln z
’

n . .

G irl, 3 311? p e pgz

’

n . 1 .

Giv e , v tii m s z dn d
'

.
.
F”
F .

Gl e a n , v . agai n” p ahk n d d .

G le a n i n g s , 8 131 s z ld R f m
’

31TH !
“ “
n . .
H e
60 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

E ngl ish . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

G l ut t o n , n .

Gn a t, n .

G o, v .

ov er v ,
.

G oa t, n .

( y o un g ) ,
n .

G ol d , n .

G on d, H fifi fit kovtor
‘

n . .

G o n di , figq i kovya n
‘

n a .

G o u din, n . K
EEN koi tdr
f
.

G o o d, ad
j .
2751 be s h, $ 3cho
157 3
3W
1 .

kh o .

G or e , v . afifi wn kokh an e mi s fi . t .

G ourd, n . WI TH p ar ds . 633
3 5
3 .

i i kh on n m, affix? ( fi
'

G ra n -
p ,t n .

kofl w
’

G ra m , n .
{ R EEF h a n a a vk .

G r a n d fa th er, n

g r e at ,
n .

Gr a s s , n .

Gr a v e , n .

Gr a z e , v . t .

Gri n d, v .

G r o an , v .
 G OND T GRAMMA R . 61

E nglis h . G on di . Hi ndi .

(
of fqfi m p i rz n d, fit
’

Gr o w E 37 17 11 .

l an ts) , v I n? " bors dn d

p . .

G ue s t , n . 5 51 6 wa r ttdl . mga .

H a il n ,
. fi lm 0r d .

f chn fi v ma
‘

H a ir n ,
.

gg
‘

n ng
‘

. .

Han d n ,
. G; kdi .

H a n g v 73 ,
. . 3T ?I W T W me m 7" .

rn dy d n d .

v . t .
i ff fi $5 m kon m .

ch e ki dn d .

H ar e n ,
3
.1336 3 m ol ol . (fi l m .

H a r v e s t n [n koz dn d m
’

. .
,

H a t c hi n g ( h e n ) qT T s T kdr d ,
‘ ' ‘
. ai m? gi 3117 .

H p
e, r on . 33 .

H e ad, n . WE T ta l d . fat .

D
ds , fi r ds z
’

H e ap ,
n
”

( TU r Tfl
'

art

v at 353
W? ! sw at 35 W
ki dn d
H ear v , . M a n n ke nj dn d .
‘

g
-
T rFn
we? a dz mi
’

H e at n .
“
a , n ,

H e at v ,
.
“
0 5m kds dn d, 3h !
"
T lt ‘ l
'

35 W , 7 mm
Rama ? kds a h
t dn d

H e av e n , n . 33
5113
7 b a z kn n l,
‘
3
1 TH W , $ 3113 .
62 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E ngl is h . G ond i . Hi nd i .

H e av y a dj ,
. lfim p oll 1d /
H IT ?

He el n ,
. 31 m d d n ka 2 3?
H e ife r n ,
.
fi ? p a ddd
g
“
.

H e ll n
,
. F REE n a ra k . W TES .

H e n c e a dv , .
i f fl T ZT
a ig/9 02m l,
r
w a .

3 33 gg
7 1 11 1 v d h a

H e r d s m an ,
n . ah t na kop dl .
( r d .
3
51 33
1 .

H er e a dv “ 73 02
“
n
,
.
i 99 .

Hid e v r3
,
. .
mm m a kkdn d . fan mm .

m a ks a h Fe me n
-
v t . . 11 35 a .

td n d .

tag)
2
Hi gh a dj
,
. l a m bo, 33?$ 51 .

3l [ dd fiat
'

H il l n
,
.

1 5 ea rn . ba z . .

H i m , p ron .

H i n d i, n . ash kos h .

Hi n d u m an , n . dy kos hnr
Tar .
“
F
EE! 36 3 .

w o m an , 361 mm kos h tdr fg a 6 1

'

n
‘ '

. . c .

H i r e li n g n ,
. 23
3531 35 ka bd r e k . fm .

fgQfi hi kke m
-
H i t h e r a dv , . . .

H ol e n ,
.
7
3
5 “
3 c hh a r kd, £13 .

al l ? " d asn d .

H on e n ,
.

H on e y n ,
.

H orn n ,
.

H or s e n ,
.

ad
H o t, j .
 GO ND I GRAMMAR .

E nglis h . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

J un h ari n .

Khac a ri a m
( H e dy exa bod e l d .

ch in m i
s
p oa

ta m ) , n

K
.

h li
a n . W p kz, é q dhe
a
’

p «an
K
, .

h ma er tr ee m
3
1? khn rs z
'

( Gm e lvn a a r
’

bor e a )
K
.

h i c h a ri (Zi e g
, 8mm l ap s d .
fa ng?
h a)
p n s
j j
n n b
Kill v
, .
[n .
m j oh k n d d, “ gram ,

sh w j dn d
'

i z

ai m n
- n o n d dn d .

fi vs kdn d
‘

‘ EETT IT
'

p . E F F” .

g ra m m a r lold . H ZLT
‘

.
 GO ND I GRAMMA R . 65

E nglish . G on d i . Hi nd i .

L a ugh v $ 317 “ ka n wd n a W
’

,
. . T .

3
L a z y a dj gfif t na kn r h r a l 3
3
'

a 58
'

,
.
y . .

Le a d v ,
.

55 ara
’
wn ma n n e W W T

Le af n W ET? a ka [ tdkz n d fi n
’

. .
,

Le ak, v .
armm wa r an a
-
$31

Le a p, v m d a h kdn d E
E
E HT

Le arn , v . a ff ir m ka rrvtdn a F m
L e a th e r ,
n . T fia tol . we e r
L e g, n fiz fi p ola rZ
T ZT TT, T h?
/
. .

L e n ti l n ,
.
a t ? d dr z
’

Le opar d ,
n .
°
==I r
7rr a ohz t
’

dl .
‘

G fiTTT .

L ia r n,
.
6 331 3 l a br a l .
3 3
31 ,
rT T
‘‘

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L i ck v WEIGH T n d kz n a
’

. .
,
?
Li d, 3 m a e h oh h e
n .

5 .

L i e d o wn ( of W T p a tl én a .

an im al s ) , TH EN 3
T)
s
v . .

L i gh t n ,
we r e hz.
’

L i gh t a dj [v w e) a kh a r o
,
.

L i gh t e n (fla sh ) ffl t ma mmvrs a ln d ,
‘ '

. Q W T

Li g h tn in g, n TTTFT
g j
a

L ik e , p r ep . 2
l g h a zn .

Lip, n . f fl a i fi s i lwz .

fi am
i
L i ttl e , ad
j .
g t
’

chhn d or .

a . m g? ! a m/ ah a ch ‘
fiET
E HT

Liv e v , firm p i s s dn d 33
7“

L iv e r n ,
.
66 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglis h . G ondi . Hi nd i .

L iz ar d ,
n .
fi n urra m . fa m ed .

(lar g e ) , n fl d o kke . fT TI fTTZ .

L og (o f woo d ) , n d u nr a .
[ml
m .

L oi n s , n . 7-
H n a n , Tfi finan amt ,
si t f .

L o o s e (c at tl e) v TT ITF fT tds dn d 3 1 a
wn
5
‘

,
. r . .

L o o s e d (t o b e ) 327 W
i
’

v . I ’T iI TT re
n zna g . .

L os e (th e way) v REEF W T ba h ke wz ai vnm, am

'

. tr .

m a ya n a .

L o ta (a b ra s s WE ch a r d .
adv .

v e s s el) ,
n .

L ou s e , fifl T botta [ a r kzfi a
“

n é
. .
p
Elfi fl ami gi tq
’

s z r k,
’ “

s e gg s , n . n

L un g s , n fiT'TIIT p ip s a , f
'

i s td
p .

M a d, ad
j . sa g ban al .

M ah ul ai n cr ee p I NT I p dnr . 11
35 3 13 ,

er ( B a uhin i a
Va hlii) n , .

M a h u a tr e e (Ba s g ir d f
.

s i a l a t olv a) n
f
v ,
.

M ain a b ir d ( G r a RT E) s a lo .

cul a r e li i os a ) n
g .

Mai z e n , w j a nna
.

fig . .

Man n ,
. HTE TTES m dn wdl H w
a ,
.

m m drs dl .
 GON D I G RAMMAR . 67

E nglish . G o nd i . Hi ndi .

M a n g o e tr ee
’

RI GHT m a rka .

( M
'

a n
gf
r e ra

I n di ca ) , n .

M an kin d n ,
. m mafit m drs dlor H afl T FTTfH .
‘
.

M a n ur e n ff kh a rs z
’

,
. Ifl .

M a n y a dj . g
H : wa lle .
3
3 3 .

A s m an y as an) ba okono .

Marke t n , 3?T h d ta
. m . ma m gm , .

M arria g e n [n REIT? m a r m z n fETETTg

’

. . . .
,

Ma s ur (ci e e rle n s ) Fifi m a s d rk . 3

11
3
3 as ? Q Ta .

M at n GIT 3T ka tiz
i
’
-
,
. an .

M e al ,e arly ET FIT’ZTT ba s vya ‘

.
“

R an EFT
“

ma .

m o r ni n g .

te n o ’
c l o ck . mm j aw d .
EH ? GEfifi 351 l -
T .

—t h r e e o m a m Lye ah a s? an th a n
’
c l o ck
/
. . .

e v e nin g 3 . f ar m bi ydrz
’

. Hi m EFT t ha n .

M e a n a dj ,
. E HTI d tdr .
‘

fi
F a .

M eat n Iié fi s a n wz HTIT

’

. . .
,

M e di ci n e ,
n . RH mat .
[ t d n d E F
T“ .

Me e t v ,
.
3
“ !n p a rs a h W T .

Me lt v ,
.

gI TTTITTH T
'

gh a re T IES W T .

m dydn d, are?

TIT? " ka p z tdn a

’
‘

—
.

im m Gm n
-
M e n d, v ma l i
sd z
j
'

. a e «
,
guit a r .

kz a n d .

Mi d d ay,
- n .
gut d hdp a r .
a WEI .

F 2
68 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

E n glis h . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

Milk ,
n . UT E p
“

al E“ .

v .
fit fi n p zr a n a
I .

ge m .

Mill ( h a n d ) , j a tta .

Mi s t n,
. E
ff .
“ ku h a r d .

3 1 am .

Mi x (h i 353
m m kh oz faw
'

,
n

M oa n n ,
. ui § dh am
'

.
[ H an d farm , W K
.

—
Mo o n 72 ,
.
W ares ch a n d a r m ,
wrp (
a
g
.

m ail, { 33 n a le nj
M o re a dv ,
. 3? a re . s fit ,
311517 5 .

M or n in g 72 m m?
"
bun s drz , fqm m m
’
“
a
i
.
,
.
,

BEER ? kd rz
’

sa
'

M o rr o w q fir i
’
n a r ka z n
’

,
n . . 3565 .

M o r t ar m i s a h lcz 313551
' “

72 . .
,

Mo s s n 33 3ba ch ch hz i
'

. . an .
,

M oth er mi d a z, waz fi nm m
’

,
72 ,
.

a wh a re
'
f
.

- i n - a l w, 72 . 11 3
t p oy a r .

M o u n t ai n ,
72 . 11 1 m a fi a
3 .

M o us e n ,
.
W a llz
’

M o n th 72 fi
’

ta d z
,
.

g .

M uch a dj WE T n a kka
’

a dv fl , a ai n
“

, ,
. .
H
g g .

As m u ch as wai t ba ch ch or .
-
Fai n n .

M ud n ,
ch i kla. .

Ma n di g rai n §mr karma .

(Sp h aar a n tha s

I n di ans ) , 72 .
 GON D I GRAMMAR . 69

E nglis h . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

M usk t -r a
,
72 .
v i ch h ach o .
7
5 W .

M us t a vg? fi
a rfg
‘

ch ahz
’

. .
,

Mu s t a r d . RI G HT
"

s a rs a wa .
m } .

My p ron
,
. H fit
TE
'

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.

n a wa .

Nail (fin g e r ) , 7 2 1 t
°
. ti fi nj .
fi r
l e .

N a ke d (t o b e ) , v 73 mi HT IT H T ka r a fim fiat
"

. .

106 m ayan a .

p a r ol .
Hm .

“fies Hi m? “ p a r ol H m 85mm .

wz s an d
'
f
.

N a v el , 72 . f
(I ? gu d i [m a fia .
‘

F m fi
- .

fi f fi um
‘

N e a r, p r ep a dv n k w m , g z n GFZ .
'

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,
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N e ck, fi r" h o zz ga, H i t 11

851
n .
g .

w ar e r .

( pe g fi lafi gi ch h a m
’

of
' '
na n . .

N e c kl a c e ?! da mm e man
g
t .

72 .

firfi p oti
l
'

ma t a fiufi . .

N e p h e w, H fi fl fi s a n m m a rm mfi i lT H im
’ ’ ‘ '

n . .
,
.

Ne r v e 72 ,
. a i r! chi ra . m a m .

Nest n ,
.
T fiaT god d .
[ a
h i ll ‘
E finam
N e v e r a dj
,
. . e r
g} f g fi
g ba
pp a r e
‘
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Ei l fi Hi ll
w 185 am
N e w, ad
j .
as n a m t a l,
1
3
3 .

d n al
p
N ig h t, 72 .
a s? ! n a rkd .
70 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglish . G on d i . Hi nd i .

No, a dv . fg g
l Ml l e 1
'

3-
1 3
7
1 min ,
71 31 , 11 11 .

72 3 .
[ Isl an d
No d , v .
HE ? 31 1 35117 11 n a we Fat 553517 11 ,
Noi s e , 72 .
$ 7 1 le ng .
N .

No n e , ad
j .
31
3fg a ba dd e h z llc . 31h H g}
? .

N o s e, n . 3
18 t m a ss or .
7 11311 .

(b ri d g e of n ) W ang? n a kh d a n d z
’

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W i n ga, { gs i n fi $ 13, ! vi -
fl .

d e ke , 3IIR ? i s f

dm [M
’

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fil m 1 5
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v e s s e l, fiz
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1175
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’

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72 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglish . G ondi . Hi nd i .

Pig (d e v o t e d t o 156 sa r al a) E t a ah a a mt
"

11 5 j .

t h e s u n ) at ,
. 3 11
1121 .

P ig e o n ,
72 . 1211 3 pa3
11 rew afi t m W t ) m as .

h a rla .

P illa r ,
n . HI T s ar a .

Pip al t r e e ( Pi 651 dlz

’
3
511 .

cus re l l los a ) , n
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.

Pip e (fo r s m ok fm
‘

chi la m .

Pi t , n .
[in g) ,
7 2
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n . 11 m s or d .

re d (f o r 1511 m a ll d
3 .

wa t e r) , a .

b l a ck (fo r gfigafi ka r wz
’

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g) ,
n .

P la c e v , .
gf m i rv an d .

P la t e 72 ,
.
[ n . 21 m d h a n iy d .
561
1111 .

of l e av e s, ? kd m
’

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of l e av e s, d pp a
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fi l m fifl 11 1 3
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(s m al l) , 72 .

P la y v ,
.
‘

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P l o ug h 3 W a r o md
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n . 7 111 185 a an ge l .

21311 s e n gd .

mgr m oth av /
.

11
31 111 F al p a dd z ta 1
3
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3 .

s a n wz .
 GOND I GRAMMAR . 73

G ondi .

o u t, v .

P o w er ful ,
ad
j .

P r e a ch v ,
. 31311131 wa ki a n a , 37117 11,
3133111 7 11 ke n
ch a h ta n a .

P re s s v .
a51
3 3
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3317 11 .

P ull v ,
.

P ut , v .

o u t, v . 3
317 11
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ad
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.

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'
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.

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3
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p av
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R ai n 72 ,
. fifi p vrr . Rig .

R ai n b o w ,
72 .
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‘

, . r a ww a n a .

Re ap v , .
351 1 117 11 ka vy
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R e c e iv e v , . 11111 31 ve l an d .
7 41 GON D I GR AM MAR .

E nglis h . G ondi . Hi ndi .

Re pe n n
e d- , m ama [ ad
f
WE .

Re n d v ,
. 11 515711 31 s a rv a h t d $ 1 331 .

R e n t p p a rt
, . . 1 1? s ar i .
[ a d $ 131 gm .

R e s c ue v ,
. fum p z s e h ta 311 1 11 11 .
[5
57 11

R e st v find W 161311 11
’

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3 m a ll d n d 851 2 1 11 .

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’

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g i
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( c oo ke d) , 7 2 . 1112 1 gal a .

R i ck ,
72 .
1 511 1 .

Rin g ,
75 .
3
11 1 ma dd a .

R ip e ,
ad
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3113 p a n r ta l
11 .

(t o b e ) , 1 d
'

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Ro a s t film ba rs a n a
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v .

g .

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(up ) v
,
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ha k
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th e w o r s hip 0 m d tz
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.

Ro p e (wi th
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d dm m .

w h i c h c a t tl e
ar e ti e d ) , n
 G ONDI GRAMMA R . 75

E n glis h . G ondi . Hi n di .

v 73 313 -
111131 ka m tan a
’

Ro t, . . . 1 13311 .

e t o) , $ 33 11 135 7117 11 ka v z 11317 11

7
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72 . h a lo t ikr a .

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m s oh an a, 11
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57 .

3
311131
11 m a r ch
tan a .

R ub b i s h ,
72 . fi lm wva v . 35W ,

R un , v . faw r mama .
7
3 37 11 .

ba d h e Mama .

S a d dl e n 3 { flat khogav
,
. .

S aj tr ee (T e rm i H s m a mZ
‘
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.

n a li a tom e n
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“

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S a y, v .
m
3 m i mam ,
35331 ,
EF-
E fi H T wa n ki n a,
ka ti an a .

S ch i s m n , . fi ffl a ov t al . $ 31 3311 .

S c o r pi o n , 7 2 . m ickch h o . WE .
76 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

E n glis h . G o ndi . Hi nd i .

S c r a t ch ,
v .
[ v . 711 335131 75009 7657 1 62 131131 11 , 1 11 31 11 .

( V i ol e n tl y ) 3133
1 11 kuch z n a £1 ( 51f 12 1 11
’

, . 36 .

Se ar ch fo r , v . fnt gai mr m i v a h
glam .

kan a .

S ee v 3 kar ma, 3
£
. 11 11 1 11 1111 11
,
.

33
7 11 n a mn a .

Se e d n ,
. 11 1 51 1 wvj j
1
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'

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3rd p ro . t a n wa .

S e ll v
,
. R‘fiHT H T rn a m z tan a f
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“

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.
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.
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'

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113 (111 18 1)
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t g ar ar
S h el t e r , n .
W ? s on d z
’

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 G ON D I GRAMMA R .
77

E ngl ish . G o nd i .
Hi nd i .

S h ort ( o f s ta
3
31 13 bu w al .
m
7a ,

tur e ) , a dj .

S h o ul d e r n 1 13 1 s afia [m, $ 1 1 31 .
.
.

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1111 , .
'

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,
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33311 .
.

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11 1
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,

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.

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.

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33731 11 3

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31
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S lip , v . $111 1 ? 1111 1111 11

gh a s m 11311 351
’

11 .

m ag ma
S m al l , a dj
gfi t ch hu a ov
’
3131
78 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglish . G on d i . Hi ndi .

S m e ll v 75 , . . 1113
15
17 11 m a s kdn d .

2
£ 17 11 .

S m oke n
S n ak e n
,

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.

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kus s o
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.

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m u ch . a mt a ch ch ov,
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.

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111 2 1
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’

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[
v .
3111117 11 wi tan a .

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,
. .

S p e ak v 3116 517 11 wa n /ki n d

,
. $ 1 6 31 . .

Spew v , afim kokkm w i 313 a m

. .

fi l fl m uchv e kz afim i
'
80 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglis h . G ond i . Hi n di .

S t o n e s f o r c o ok l es? s a d olz
“ '

Ha .

i n g Wi t h , a .

S t o ol n
,
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. nfin m m a v s cim i .

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. 2 13111 dh a ka , W '

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.

jh a ka r
S t o ry 213
3? wes e m
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13
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3
a, n . 311 1651 kol ci .

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n . as " loa m .

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tri k W T? ” a r a h tci n ci . $0
S tri n g a ,
was m il .

S uc h p r ov j £ il
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. 35 m” ? zi tz n c
’

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a dv . 3138 191 ba rs cin e .

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5
51 ? ” a ss e im i .
3 7 11 ; ( m;u t n

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31 .

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gg it m a ka v .

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v . 5 1117 11
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p i i f
ro c nc . 121 1 1857 11 .

S w e e p v [a dj,
. { 111131 s a i y a n a .

S wee t -s m elli ng W m a h ka r ,
. 1 mm ,

S ive fi i mn toz ycin ci gs a wn

’

l l v ,
i . . t
a .
 G ON DI G RAMMAR . 81

E ngl is h . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

fil m to ka v
T a l l, n 1 7
13
f

T ake , v 3
”

1117 11 y t a n ae £ 57 11

a wa y v , mi? ! wom a .
5 11
5 5117
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T a ll, ad
j .
m d h onga l .
BE T, 33
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m i, m
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T e n d e r, ad j . waf t ka n a v o .
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Me la n oa ylon )
T h a t, p r on 3 ad (m am
“

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er

T h a tch , v . wes a n a .
82 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

E nglish . G o nd i . Hi nd i .

T h a t c h e r, n .
3
111 we s e .
3 3
1 1 11851
7 .

T h e e , p r on 13 n z kn n
’

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T h e i r , p r on .
g51 1511 11
3
1
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Th e n, a dv .
1
5115; 1 as ke .

T h e n ce .
w as h a n d ed . ag i 3 .

T h e r e, a dv . 1 17 1 1 1 a gga . 331
T h e 1 e fo r e , a dv 3 ?! i d e n l a n e 311
.
g .

T h e y , p ro n . 11
1 1 31 or k .
a .

T h i ck e t, n . um p a te r a . fl ffli fi 31113, 1 11

T hi e f, n . 3575 1 ka lle , a a nas a m .

ka lwal .

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n . . .

T h i r s t,
E l m ye tk [ a ss ei m i
n . .
1111111 .

v .
“
111611 w arm y e tk 1 mm mm .

T h i s, p r on . ( I e r, id .
21 3 .

T h i s tl e , n . 3112
3 11 ka l di n . 1 2 65 1 11
3 1
321
-
T hi t h e r, a dv . h a kke .

T h o s e , p r on .
gsr on .
16
“

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11 i n wm i
. .

1
T h r e a d, v . kach ci m i .
11

T hre e ( n um b e r ) i n? am i n o? 7117 1 .

T h r e sh , v .
[ n . 13311 7 11 wz ss z n a .

T h r e s h in g flo o r 5113 ka r a [g ghi
h M EE T -
“
‘
1 . a 1 1 .

T h r o a t, n . H t i wa r e r,
3 2 3111 11
851
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1 13311 p i r a k, f11 m1 m 151
2 81
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‘
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g rai n ( m il t)
‘

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[p i n ka 11131 .

[ n .
 G ON DI G RAMMAR . 83

E n g l is h . G o nd i . Hi n di .

T ir e d (t o b e ) , 1
3 1 d d
’
v . 1 31 or z n .

T ir e a n o th e r (t o) 1
3 1 1 137 11 31 d or s a h
T o -d a y ,
n [
v .
31 n or .
Han d .
3113

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n. . 1 .

T o o th , n .
p l a .
3171 .

T o rc h , t s ar 31 31
“

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i . .

T o uc h , v . t .
3 31 31 f zl an d . 331 .

T re a d, v 311 131 j drz n d (1 3

’

. 15 . .
31 .

T r ee , n . 31 1 m a r d .

T em bl e 3331 31 ka s a n gz n d, 3111131,
’

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3111 113
1 317 11 ka
s an
gi t dn d .

T rib e , W 1 p drz 113

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n . . 7 1

T r o ub l e v , . fag mm wi d e ga a m r
.

T r o ugh , n . n fi m d ongd [ ki dn d 31 111 31 1 11 [33

.
,
. .

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T ur m e ri c , n . 311113 1 ka m kd .
3331 .

T v 33131 31 wa latan a 3331

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v . t . 111 1 3711 31 ti r a h tdn d 33131 .

b a c k, 33371131 m a lla h too 31 2 131

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v . 15 . .

T wi n , n . iimas ye m al .
[
a d m ,

T wo , nn m . rand . 1
3 .

U m b r el l a ( of 31 31 h alo 31 31711
“

.
11 6111 .

l e av e s ) , n
84 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E ngl is h . G on d i . Hi nd i .

U m b r e ll a ( or chh c m i
’

d i n ary, n ) .

U p o n , p r ep nf f p al w on
'

. / .

U ri n e , n .
T
im ; n a r ku l .

U s, p r on . ma
fia m d kun .

V e g e ta b le , s“ ? kugrz WW I }, l z w
’
n .
i .
.

( c o o k e d) , n . W ch a kn d .

V e in , fit hz mi
'

l
‘ ‘

n . é c .

V e ra n d a h,n ? h hz
’

. Ut a p a m .

V e t c h, n .

3
3t u
p pr ul .

V i ll a g e, n . mt m i n
V ira g o, n . 3h ? d on r h a me .

V o i c e, n .
2 3
51 1 le n g .

W ista , n .
[ n .
H Efi
'
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’

c l o th (m e n s ) ’
11 1313
6 gdn d a l
’

(w o m e n s ) W m i
’
d chul . .

Wai t , En 111mm
p os dm i . .

W a lk , m m n mu m ‘
o .

( c a u s e t o) v m am taks a k , .

tan ei [ M an i .

( s l o wly) v fines? 35 ?m gos lz t fii

° '
f
.

Wa n d e r v , fRfEH TFIT ti ri ta n d EFF ”

f
.
“
.

Wa r m a dj ,
Elm-
ma ka s ta l .
NU T . .
 GON D I G R AMMA R .
85

W tch
a
,
v . 15
. BE
T H? ” kep ci n ci .
( ta m .

Wa t er n , .
it y er .

Wax ( o f e ar) ,
n . Hil f fig
hom age d .
ar m 3m tie
Way n
.

H fi s am
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.
( 13, q rfi
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,

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W m a m m ci t, gq .

W T? m a m w ei r .

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5
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5
3
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.

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, kus s o .
31 551 .

W e d di n g , n
f
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tw ig .

We e p v , .
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SE T? " a r ci n ci .
fim .

We e v il n [adj F ifi m és z
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W e ll ( o f h e a l th) , aga r n a h a nd .
wadi n g
We t , ad
j .
mamas p dh n dl .
fi an
r .

(to be ), 313m n d n d dn d .
wh at .

Whe n ? a dv . HE }
Whe n c e a dv . W fi T ba ggdh a T d, 353? 11 .

Wh e e r a dv .
a m ba gga
r .
( j ail . 3531 .

Wh e e v e
r r, a dv . 3119; ba ga n e .
86 GON D I GRAMMA R .

E nglish . G ond i . Hi ndi .

Whi sk e r s n ,
. ka t to .

11711 6
’
Whi s tl e n ’

, . s z s a rz .

Whi te a dj fi ner? 3337

’

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p a nr a rz , .

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’

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Who p ron fit bor afifi
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EF
T? bon .

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’

. 7
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m ciij zé Wfl Ffi
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s b r o t he r, HIE s e rr a n d a . ma r .

Wi l d ad
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Wi n d at ? w urz
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Wi n n o w , o .
R am? " tur e h t cim i .

Wi n e n ,
.
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GEESH fEU .

ka l .

Wi p e 1) , 38 17 7 11 us r nci m i
Wi sh 1; , W m p a rki n a '

Wi thi n p rep , f un r op oi .

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a m a n t o t ak e
h e r t o Wi fe .

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a irfi
’
s fe m a l e s dngo .

fri e nd .
88 GON D I GRAMMAR .

E! A M PL E S OF S H OR T G OND I S E NT E N C E S .

a n ant i -
f ax( a wai t 7 07 7 77 7 7 777 7 7 707 . Wh o is
c all in g o ut ? an d wh y ?
éfl l
‘

i { WT fifi fi fil b72r o2n 7777 777 72 id e n 70 77 27 272

‘

A a b l e t o e x l ai n t h i s ?
’ ’

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p re
y .
p
m y ; at 33 1 17 33
a T f 2 7 7 7
37 7 1
3
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k723n 72ko 7gg72h 77 r 72 h a n d dlo 72y72l I m u s t s tart .

fr o m he r e at c o ck c - ro
w .

3 3? fi ke n oh hz Li s t e n e n t iv e l y
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re; a tt .

m 3
i
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d h on Mlle H o w t h e t i g e r w s c alli n g c u t
. g
at ni g h t in t h e hi ll ! di d y o u he ar o r n o t ?
ai m “
en Er? aér fai nt fizt m Efit W WW ? W WI ‘
“

77 017 02 2 n od e wa llo 2
7 07 7 0 7
75 72 or 77 77 757277 7 00
775
3 p
7
77 7

s a h t72n 7 0r. In K o p a s fie l d m u c h r u b b i s h h a s
’

s p r un g u p, he is g oin g t o t ake m e n t o ro ot
it up .

-
i n? fz éi fit Wi t i i fat zanv ri ggt Ph dgzz
‘
tan F ifi
‘

; {
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78 727 7 r ote hille n dn r or on m i r a h ks or e h a ttur .

Ph a g u i s n o t n ow i n th e ho u s e ,
h e h as gon e
t o l ook f or h i m .
 GO ND I G RAMMAR . 89

1 71 fin d
11 73
3 3
1 1 i i fi
h m wfi r F “
mear 75
s 7 737 100 777 7 7
7gg72 3727 7 0 727 7 n 0n 9 7 72 77 n 7 77n n 7277 3 77 77 7 77 77 72 770 37 72 .

A w o u l d b e wi fe h a s m a d e h e r wa y i n t o t h e
-

h e a d m a n s h o u s e , a n d a ft e r e a ti n g h a s
- ’

t h r o w n t u r m e ri c on h im .

3
3
1
3
5 1 11 “
I CE? g t
i p 07
9 727 77 77 7 77 3n 7277 0 77 7 37

77 77 777 77 . T he b o y p l a yin g h a s fa ll e n d o w n .

fl aim 21?
z
n 777 7 7 n 7 77 70 7 07 7 72 c777 on 77 7770 Ca n
‘

y ou s ee or n ot ?
as 5 i t Tfit fim 077 077 72 to ye r 707 30n 72
“ ‘

P o u r (m e ) .

o u t wa t e r fr o m t h e b r a s s v e s s e l .

uffl m ?
a 3 1 1 1? 7777 77 n 7y 72 77 7 n n 77 7 37 n a oh ch hn m .

Cl e a n o u t t h e p l a t e .

H EN 271138 m t ? 3
57 mm n a n n 72 7 0 8 3770
j 727 7

I will c u t gra s s fo r t h a t c hi n g .

fan
“

HI T 77 7
7 07 077 0 7 7 0 7 0 77 77 n 77 7778 7 777 7 72 .

R un c al l h im he re .

w aft i ng g rft sfi a gm
a é an d Rai l: N777077 7 7y 727 777277 7 7 7
7
3 377 77 7 7276 70 7 237 7 77 07 770 7 . Na wa riyé l h a d c om e to

b ur y e ggs (i n p o oj a h) .

712 7 Ra m on c 2 y 077
’
H is g o at h as
b o rn e a y o un g on e .

fwa ? ‘
r m ai fi
r H en 7 17 3
3 3 16 7 7 ai fi fim , ffi wfim
n 77 77 077 77 7 7 77 07 n 37277 9 0 na n n 72 307 y otkn n 70 77 y7

ton 72, n 7770 n 72 . Wai t a m o m en t, fri e n d I ,

t oo am c o min g t o fil l wat e r .
(An s we r) I a m
wai ti n g .
90 G ON D I GRAMMAR .

WI T H? 3
3 73
“

5 ?
1
33
1 11
3 307 7 72p 7 y 77 7
0077 0 7 7 7 7 7 7 n 7 77 077 077 7 2
7 237 7 777 . B i r n g c w
o - d un g an d p l a s t er th e
c o ur t - a r d
y .

R sfiz 33 m 7 335! 377 70 0 7 0 77 7

0 7 7 7 20 7 77 72 n e n gt72

7 72n 7 77 n 7 37 7 7n
'
. A m u sk -r a t h as g o t am on g
th e s al t ,
t ak e i t o ut .

m ar amni g m u im r 7
77 7 77 7 7 7 77 7
77 7 7 7 7777777 72 7 0 377 .

Wa i t t i ll I c o m e .

aifi é fi w i t s: 377 7 p 7277 77 77 77 7 770 77 77 nyz 7 77 77 7

‘ ‘

Ha
g
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70 7 77 777 . We h ad g on e t o p ut on o ur s hoe s .

?K
.

at EITH? ‘S fit 56 13 W 3077 770 77 77 n n 7277 0 07

77 77 7 0 7 7 077 77 077 7 0 72 p a n tn r . G oin g al on g th e r oad .

he fo u n d o u n g h ar e
a
y .

2 13? 1173 W WII 70277 p 27 7 277 7 02n 7 7 7o . He will gi v e

(y o u) d r i n k c o w s m i lk
’
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3T? " qi
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“ “
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éflg 70 72y07 0
7
.

T h e p 0nj 77 i s c o oke d , (b u t) t ho se d ri n k i t
h av e n o t c o m e .

m ar was m m 77 7 70 7 77 0 7 7 777 7 7 77 027 77777 . Wh a t

h ash app e n e d t o m y l oi n s ?
fit wat wm afiz i fiz a l mga t fi m mfi smfi w
‘ ’
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g fiw e 07 77 07 7777 7 2
na n n o 77 0 777 7 0 77 077 7 777 7 77 077 7 377 72n

77 7277 0 7 2y7 H e s ai d I h a v e
n a n n 72 p un n on .
,

b ur s t t h e g r an a ri e s a n d m e a s ur e d (th e g r ai n ) ;
w h a t e v e r b e w r o n g I kn o w n o t hin g of i t ,
.

ft lZEST 7T 33 13? z g t p 7 7 l c2 7 0 n 7 27 7 gn 7 777 77 7 777 7 e

3 H
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h a s t ak e n t h e t ill oil fr o m th e oil s ti ck

i - .
 G O N DI GRAMMAR . 9

37 11 1
3
3 “ 333
? 1? 31 23 fm T 77
99 277 77 7 72
7

77 7 077 72.I a s k e d fo r i t fr o m t he r e , wh a t el

c o ul d I do .

11 }q { m
r afiq mt am? 100 777 72 79 77 02 77 0 377 7727 707 27 72
Hin d u wom e n h a v e c om e t o th e he a d -m an
’

h ou s e .

37 377 1 265 37 65 mai ga fiarfi 77 077777 77 77 77 7 7 77

7 7
7 7 77 7
y0 77

72
7 0 7 7 7 27 7 . G o n d w o m e n d ri n k i n g w i n e w ill d an c e .

77 31 { a t ri m afit afiugt
3 7 7 770 07
707 17 77 7 0 7 77 07 7 073777 7 .

Wh o g a v e y o u t h i s n am e ?
“
3565313 H R ? 35658 ? E hfl t 77 77 770 727 77 7 72 7 77 77 737 7 0 0 777 7 .

a
» A th i e f y e s t e r d a y, s t e ali n g c arri e d (i t )
,
o ff .

Ha? 3
2 7m f u n m m 77 77 7 77 77 y07777 77 72 7 0p 72 777 077 7 7 27 72 .

A p ig i s fe e di n g a m on g th e g oa t s .

a?! m i n: 77 0d 77 77 7277 7 7 77 0 77 727707

“
77
g .

m an is c oll e c ti n g h i s due s .

a e
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19 35 $ 31 77 7 2777 d 77 7y 72z7 7277 7 77 077

77 7 77 7 77 0277 72 . He h a s h ad fe v e r fo rfo ur d ay s .

$9 7 37 EF T 77630 77 72 77 77 77 707777777 . H is e ye s ar e i n
flam e d .

W T ft fifi mfimr 7777 777 72 77 77 7 7 7 2 777 777 77 0

Do not die of h un g e r .

3
55 W
“

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07 7 2
77 37 7 . He i s t h ir s t y .

mm f qt 7 713 3 7 7 7270 72 077 n o un d

1 y M y s t o m a c h wa s .

a c hin g .

Efil f aa fi 61 11165 7! tfi l fi t 0 7 7 07 077 077 77 0 7 0 77 77 d 7

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7 7 7 7 7 37 77 7 7 R un n i n g h e fel l d o w n i n th e he m p
. .
92 . G ON D I G RA MMAR .

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t h e c o w , a n d w a r m a n d p u t a w a y t h e m i lk
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331 WW W {fi t $ 7718 H a ll i m n anmi

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3 a d Mlle dyi p a r a T hi s i s p o s s i bl e , b u t
10 .

t h at i s n ot p o s s i b l e .

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wh o c am e in to y o u r v i ll a g e .

f ut’
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ffl t fl lfi m g y m or s z lta Li g h t n in g i s fla s h i n g
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t hi t he r, I g o t t ir e d .
 G ON D I G R A MM A R . 93

$ 353? H m d i ka m tetr a Spr e a d th e c lo t he s

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c o m i n g (o v e r
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3‘
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i fi t flfi TT he c o c k c r o ws
ka r kas z ta
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a n w m a o z t o g ar . .
94 G ONDI G R A M MA R .

was i gfi n m a l ye dz n ta T h e p e a c oc k d a n c e s
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.

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