1.

0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA

The following section presents the design criteria, structural idealization, and analytic procedures
and methods in the structural design of the AS-BUILT SINGLE DETACHED UNIT. The design criteria
include the codes and specifications, materials strengths, loadings and deformation limits deemed
applicable for this structure.

1.1 CODES AND SPECIFICATIONS

The following structural codes and specifications were used in the

design of the SINGLE DETACHED UNIT.

a. National Structural Code of the Philippines ( NSCP ).

b. Philippine National Standards (PNS).
c. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, ACI 318-89,
American Concrete Institute (ACI).
d. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard
Specifications.

1.2 MATERIAL STRENGTHS

The following material strengths were used in the structural investigation of the single
detached residential unit.

a. Concrete - The minimum concrete compressive strength for

the structural elements, f’c = 20MPa.

b. Reinforcing Steel - Rebars shall be deformed and conform with

PNS 49 (ASTM 615).

Grade 230, Fy= 230MPa for diameter less or

equal to 12mm.

Grade 275, Fy= 275MPa for diameter greater

than 12mm but less or equal to 20mm.

c. Soil - Allowable Bearing Pressure (assumed )= 75 kPa.

1.3 LOADS

Design loads and forces are those resulting from dead and live loads
acting in the most critical combination, using the appropriate load factors recommended
by the governing codes.

The basic load types and their magnitudes are taken as follows:

1.3.1 Dead Loads

The dead loads include the weight to all permanent construction and all materials
and equipment which are permanently fastened thereto and supported thereby.
For all permanent construction, the dry unit weights/ loads shown in Table 1 are
used in the calculation of dead loads.

Table 1 - DEAD LOAD

Material Component Unit Weight/ Load

Concrete 24.0 kN/m3

Topping & Finishings 0.50 kPa
Ceiling 0.25 kPa

1.3.2 Live Loads

The live loads include loads which may vary in magnitude or in distribution during
the life of the structure. The minimum values of these loads depend on the
occupancy and are normally specified by the governing building codes. The
values shown in Table 2 are used.

Table 2 - LIVE LOAD

Occupancy/ Use Live Load

Residential 1.90 kPa

1.3.3 Wind Loads

The design wind pressures for elements of the structure were determined by the
applicable velocity pressure, considering the correction coefficient for height,
and multiplied by the applicable pressure coefficient as given by NSCP.
Considering Zone II with wind speed of 200 kph and Exposure B, the designed
wind pressure shall be determined in accordance with the following formula.

P= Ce * Cq * I * qs

Where:
P = Design wind pressure
Ce= Combined height, exposure and gust coefficient.
= 0.63 for height of 0.0 to 5.0 meters
= 0.67 for height of 6.0 meters
= 0.70 for height of 7.0 meters
= 0.73 for height of 8.0 meters
= 0.76 for height of 9.0 meters
= 0.78 for height of 10.0 meters
= 0.80 for height of 15.0 meters

Cq = Pressure coefficient for the structure

= 0.80 pressure for windward wall
= 0.50 suction for leeward wall
= 0.70 suction for flat roof.

I = Importance Factor = 1.0

qs = Wind stagnation pressure = 1.5 kPa