When you feel like quitting, think about why you started

THÔNG TIN LỚP ENGLISH STARTERS

I. SECTION 1 : PRONUNCIATION

1. British and American Accents

2. Nguyên âm

3. Phụ âm

4. Practice

5. Word stress+ Sentence stress

6. Intonation

7. Practice

8. Practice

9. Practice

10.Revision

Notes: Mỗi bài học bao gồm 2 phần :

 Instructions from teacher

 Practice individually/ in pairs / in groups

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 LESSON 1: BRITISH AND AMERICAN ACCENTS
 
 Anh – Anh (British English – Br.E)

 
 Anh – Mỹ (American English – Am.E)



1. Phụ âm R ở cuối từ
Phát âm rất nặng và rõ, lưỡi cong ngược vào trong
Ví dụ:
 
 Car [(Br.E) kaː] [Am.E) kaːr]
 
 Floor [(Br.E) flɔː] [Am.E) flɔːr]
 
 Board [(Br.E) bɔːd] [Am.E) bɔːrd]
 
 Bare [(Br.E) beə ] [Am.E) ber]


2. Phụ âm /t/ ở giữa 2 nguyên âm

Vẫn phát âm là “t” rõ ràng và chính xác

Phát âm nhẹ hơn, có xu hướng thay thế “t” bằng
“d” Ví dụ:
 
 Item: [(Br.E) aɪ.təm ] [Am.E) aɪ.dəm ]
 
 Bottle [(Br.E) bɔtl ] [Am.E) ba:dl]
 
 Computer [(Br.E) kəm’pju:tə] [Am.E) kəm’pju:dər
 
Letter [(Br.E) ‘letə] [Am.E) ‘ledər]

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3. Nguyên âm /æ/

Đọc thành âm nửa a nửa e. Bí quyết của cô để đọc âm này đó là há

miệng như đang chuẩn bị nói a, nhưng từ vị trí đó, hãy cố gắng bật âm e.
Đọc hẳn thành âm
/a/ Ví dụ:
 
 Fast [(Br.E) fɑːst ] [Am.E) fæst]
 
 Staff [(Br.E) stɑːf ] [Am.E) stæf]
 
 Cat [(Br.E) kɑːt] [Am.E) kæt]
 
 Lamp [(Br.E) lɑːmp ] [Am.E) læmp]


4. Nguyên âm o (box, top, hot, god)

Được phát âm tròn miệng là /ɒ/ - Bị đọc trệch hẳn thành
/a:/ Ví dụ:
 
 Document [(Br.E) dɒkjʊmənt ] [Am.E) dɑːkjʊmənt]
 
 Occupied [(Br.E) ɒkjʊpaɪd ] [Am.E) ɑːkjʊpaɪd]
 
 Copy [(Br.E) kɒpi ] [Am.E) kɑːpi]
 
Monitor [(Br.E) mɒnɪtə ] [Am.E) mɑːnɪtə ]

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PRACTICE:

/R/ /t/ /d/ / ɒ/

1. Or 1. Better 1. Not

2. Core 2. Computer 2. Got

3. Per 3. University 3. Hot

4. Ear 4. Negative 4. Copy

5. Lot
5. Care 5. A lot of
6. Top
6. Sure 6. Ability
7. Sorry
7. Tear 7. Writing
8. Bottom
8. Poor 8. Hitting
9. Bottle
9. Beer 9. Waiting
10. Pot
10. Bear 10. Getting

11. Hear

12. Are

13. Far

14. More

15. Nor

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 When you feel like quitting, think about why you started
PRACTICE

A lot of people ask me

If it’s possible to sound

Like a native speaker

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LESSON 2: IPA CHART

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A. VOWELS
/i:/
Sea
see
seat
seat
tea
please

/i/

Live
If
swim
busy
picture

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/u:/
too
shoe
juice
blue
school

/ ʊ/
good
book

Full
cook
put

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/a:/
after
ask
Park
father
star
start

/ ʌ/

bus
Cup
Up
Cut
Front
Luck

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/ ɒ/
Top
Got
song
Hot
Sorry
doctor

/ ɔː/

all

tall

or

score

fall

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/e/
End
Red
Many
Friend
Help
Tell

/ æ/

And
Back
Map
Man
Camera
Bag

/ ɜː/

Bird
Turn
Earn
Prefer
Learn
circle

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DIPTHONGS
/ ɪə/
Ear
Hear
Real
Clear
Near
Beer

/ eə/
Bear
Tear
Pair
Wear
Where
Air

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/eɪ/
Cake
Take
Eight
Day
Say
Wait

/aɪ/
Like
Right
Tight
My
Die
High

/ɔɪ/
Boy
Choice
Voice
Toy
Joy
Point

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/əʊ/
Old
Cold
No
Home
Road
Phone

/aʊ/
How
Sound
Mouth
Loud
House
Count

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LESSON 3: IPA CHART ( CONT)

A. CONSONANTS

/p/
Pen
Push
Pull
Stop
Speed
Sleep

/b/
Bitch
Bunch
Best
Big
Baby
Bank

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/t/
Ten
Top
Eat
Suit
Better
Bottle

/d/

Do
Door
Ready
Head
Middle
Lady

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 When you feel like quitting, think about why you started

1. Ta sẽ phát âm là /ɪd/ với các động từ kết t

;;húc bằng âm /t/ hoặc /d/ (theo phiên âm).
Ví dụ:
– want /wɔːnt/ -> wanted /wɔːntɪd/
– need /niːd/ -> needed /niːdɪd/

2. Ta sẽ phát âm là /t/ với các động từ kết thúc bằng âm vô thanh như là /k/,
/p/, /s/, /f/, /tʃ/, /ʃ/.
Ví dụ:
– stop /stɑːp/ -> stopped /stɑːpt/
– cook /kʊk/ -> cooked /kʊkt/
– dance /dæns/ -> danced /dænst/
3. Ta sẽ phát âm là /d/ với các động từ kết thúc bằng các âm còn lại.

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/k/
Cat
Care
Car
Key
Park
Pocket

/g/
Ago
Gun
Egg
Bag
Leg
Go

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/f/
First
Fun
Leaf
Off
Coffee
Laugh

/v/
Five
Very
Leave
Live
Have
Travel

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/θ/
Thin
Thanks
Month
Think
South
Third

/ ð/
This
That
With
Mother
Other
Together

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/s/
Sit
Say
Pizza
Sister
Class
Bus

/z/

Zoo
Easy
Jazz
Roses
Zero
Music

Quy tắc
1. Phát âm là /s/ khi tận cùng từ bằng -p, -k, -t, -f.
Eg: stops [stops] works [wə:ks]
2. Phát âm là /iz/ khi tận cùng từ bằng -s,-ss,-ch,-sh,-x,-z,-o,-ge,-ce.
Eg: misses /misiz/ ; watches [wochiz]
3. Phát âm là /z/ đối với những từ còn lại.

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 When you feel like quitting, think about why you started
/ ʃ/

Shop
Fashion
Shoe
Cash
Push
Special

/ ʒ/

Television
Asia
Usual
Pleasure

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/tʃ/
Cheap
Choose
March
Which
Kitchen
Question

/dʒ/
Age
Gentle
Advantage
Job
Jeans
Jacket

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/m/
Me
More
Lemon
Swim
Comb
Summer

/n/
Know
Not
Knife
Sunny
On
Gone

/ŋ/
Sing
Angry
Thing
Thank
Angry
Uncle

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/h/
House
Hurry
High
Hill
Hot
How

/l/
Ball
Girl
Like
Help
Result
Flower

/r/
Red
Road
Room
Sorry
Write
Wrong

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/w/
One
Want
Won
Swim
Which
Why

/j/

Year
Young
Yesterday
Usually
Yes
University

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LESSON 4: IPA CHART ( REVISION )

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LESSON 5: WORD STRESS, SENTENCE STRESS

A.WORD STRESS

1. Nguyên tắc 1:
- Phần lớn các ĐỘNG TỪ và GIỚI TỪ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi vào
âm tiết thứ 2.
- Ví dụ: re'cord (v) be'hind (pre) ex'plain (v)
- Phần lớn các DANH TỪ và TÍNH TỪ có 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm rơi vào
âm tiết thứ 1.
- Ví dụ: 'record (n) 'pretty (adj) 'beauty (n)

2. Nguyên tắc 2”
- Những từ có âm cuối là các âm dưới đây, trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết trước
nó.
-ic, -ical, -sion, -tion, -ance, -ence, -idle, -ious, -iar, -ience, -id, -eous, -ian, -
ity, -isn
- Ví dụ:
dra'matic prepa'ration re'ality se'curity

3. Nguyên tắc 3:
- Các từ có hậu tố dưới đây, trọng âm thường rơi vào chính nó
-ee, -eer, -ese, -ique, -esque, -ain
- Ví dụ:
engri'neer rein'deer trai'nee ex'plain

4. Nguyên tắc 4:
- Các từ có hậu tố dưới đây, trọng âm chính của từ không thay đổi khi từ đó
thay đổi dang từ.
-ment, -ship, -ness, -er, -hood, -ing, -en, -able, -less
- Ví dụ:
a'gree - a'greement 'partner - 'partnership

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'sister - 'sisterhood a'ccept - a'cceptable

5. Nguyên tắc 5:
- Những từ có tận cùng bằng các từ dưới đây thì trọng âm thường rơi vào âm
thứ 3 từ cuối lên.
-ate, -gy, -cy, -ity, -al, -phy, -graphy
- Ví dụ:
'passionate pho'tography ne'cessity 'legacy

6. Nguyên tắc 6:
- Với các danh từ ghép, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất
- Ví dụ:
'airport 'birthday 'boyfriend 'butterfly

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B.S SENTENCE STRESS

CONTENT WORDS ARE STRESSED

What are content words?

- Noun
- Verb
- Adj
- Adv

Eg: (Youtube watching)

 
 Jack will cycle to the restaurant tonight.

 
 Jack will cycle to the restaurant tonight.

 
 Jack will cycle to the restaurant tonight.

 
 Jack will cycle to the restaurant tonight.

 
 Jack will cycle to the restaurant tonight.

 
Jack will cycle to the restaurant tonight.

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EXERCISE 1:

1. I learn English everyday

2. Having a boyfriend is not important to me

3. I am finding a new job

4. I am going to get married

5. I love you from the bottom of my heart

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EXERCISE 2

o Dialogue 1

A : Nice to meet you

B : It’s my pleasure to see you

o Dialogue 2 :

A : Hi there, long time no see

B : What a coincidence !

o Dialogue 3 :

A : This is my sister

B : Nice to see you

o Dialogue 4 :

A :I don’t have money

B : oh poor you

o Dialogue 5 :

A : I think we should eat out

B : That’s a good idea

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LESSON 6 : INTONATION

Cách dung Mục đích sử dụng

It was interesting
It was interesting
Các câu mang tính khẳng định hoặc câu
đưa ra một thông tin, người nói chắc chắn
và tự tin với thông tin đó => cuối câu
xuống giọng.
Câu đưa ra thông tin nhưng người nói
không chắc chắn => cuối câu thường lên
giọng.

Was it interesting?
Cuối câu hỏi thường lên giọng.

It was interesting, funny and real.

Trong câu mang tính liệt kê.

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EXERCISE 1

JOHN :: Hi, Alice, it’s John. How are you?

ALICE: Oh, hi, John! I was just thinking about you.

JOHN: That’s nice. I was wondering if you’d like to go to a movie

tonight.

ALICE: Sure, I’d love to! What’s playing?

JOHN: I was thinking about that new comedy Lights Out. What

do you think?

ALICE: Sounds great!

JOHN: OK, I’ll pick you up around 7:30. The movie starts at 8:00.

See you then. Bye!

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EXERCISE 2

JOY: Should we take a taxi or a bus to the mall?

BILL: Let’s take a bus. It’s impossible to get a taxi during rush

hour.

JOY: Isn’t that a bus stop over there?

BILL: Yes ... Oh! There’s a bus now. We’ll have to run to catch it.

JOY: Oh, no! We just missed it.

BILL: No problem. There’ll be another one in 10 minutes.

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LESSON 7: PRACTISE WORD STRESS, SENTENCE

STRESS, INTONATION THROUGH FILMS

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LESSON 8: PRACTISE WORD STRESS, SENTENCE

STRESS, INTONATION THROUGH FILMS

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LESSON 9: VOICE IMITATION

FEMALES : What Is the Relationship Between Age and Happiness?

This is the VOA Special English Health Report,

1. Are people less happy or more happy the older they get?

2. If you answered more happy, then you were right, based on a study

published two years ago.

3. It found that people generally become happier and experience less

worry after age fifty.

4. In fact, it found that by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with

their life than they were at eighteen.

5. The findings came from a Gallup survey of more than three hundred

forty thousand adults in the United States in two thousand eight.

6. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and

eighty-five

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MALE : Saving Money for College

This is the VOA Special English Economics Report,

1. How much does a college education cost?

2. In the United States, the College Board releases yearly reports on

prices at colleges and universities.

3. The group bases its findings on "published" tuition and fees, meaning

the prices officially listed by the school.

4. Students might pay less -- for instance, if they receive scholarships.

5. Nationally, tuition and fees at public four-year colleges and

universities rose more than eight percent during the academic year

that just ended

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LESSON 10: REVISION

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