ERC

AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA

RAILWAY PROJECT

Employer’s Representative:

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY BUILDINGS

LANDSCAPE DESIGN MANUAL
(PHASE 1)
Report No
AKH - YM I - DD - G L 0 0 X - G - L A - RE P - 0 0 0 1 - 0
Project Organization Stage Location Category Discipline Type of Number Vers.
Document

06.07.2017

06.07.2017
 ERC AKH Railway Project

Project:

AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA

RAILWAY PROJECT, ETHIOPIA

Employer:

ETHIOPIAN RAILWAYS CORPORATION (ERC)

Employer’s Representative:

Contractor:

www.ym.com.tr

Designer:

Report Name:

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY BUILDINGS

LANDSCAPE DESIGN MANUAL (PHASE 1)

Report No:
AKH - YM I - DD - GL 0 0 X - G - L A - RE P - 0 0 0 1 - 0
Project Organization Stage Location Category Discipline Type of Number Vers.
Document

Date: 06.07.2017
STATIONS AND AUXILIARY
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 ERC AKH Railway Project
VERSION HISTORY

Version Details Date Amended By

0 First issue 06.07.2017 YM Design Group

PREPARED BY

Edited by Mr. Gürkan Oruç HP Forest Engineer

HP Landscape
Checked by Ms. Demet ŞİNEL
Architect

YM Architecture Design
Checked by İ.Ünsal
Manager

YM General
Approved by L. Horozoğlu Architecture Design
Coordinator

Approved by Z. Uygun YM Deputy GM, Design

Approved by A. Kılıç YM Project Manager

APPROVAL

APPROVED APPROVED AS NOTED REJECTED

APPROVED BY

Name Title Signature & Stamp

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
TABLE OF CONTENT

1 PURPOSE OF REPORT 6

2 REFERENCES 6

2.1 Abbreviations 6

2.2 References 6

3 INTRODUCTION 6

4 CRITERIA OF SOFTSCAPE PLANNING 8

5 STATIONS 8

PHASE 1 9

5.1 Awash Station 9

5.2 Amibara Station 9

5.3 Shewarobit Station 9

5.4 Senbete Station 9

5.5 Karakore Station 9

5.6 Mekoy Station 9

5.7 Kombolcha Station 9

5.8 Kombolcha Depot 9

PHASE 2 9

5.9 Hayk Station 9

5.10 Mersa Station 10

5.11 Hara Gebeya Station 10

6 PLANTATION 10

6.1 Tree species 11

6.2 Shrub species 13

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
6.3 Groundcover species 15

7 DRAINAGE SYSTEM 16

8 IRRIGATION SYSTEM 16

9 ANNEX 18

9.1 TERMINAL STATIONS LANDSCAPE PRINCIPLE PLANS 18

9.1.1 AWASH STATION 18
9.1.2 ROBİT STATION 20
9.1.3 KOMBOLCHA STATION 25

9.2 INTERMEDIATE STATIONS LANDSCAPE PRINCIPLE PLANS 28

9.2.1 AMIBARA STATION 28
9.2.2 SENBETE STATION 31
9.2.3 KARAKORE STATION 34
9.2.4 MEKOY STATION 37

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
1 PURPOSE OF REPORT
The goal of this document is to explain landscape softscape planning method and
content of the landscape project of AKH Railway. Criteria for the planning of the
green areas to come to an esthetical and a functional resolution will be explained
later in details.

2 REFERENCES

2.1 Abbreviations

AKH Awash-Kombolcha-Haragebeya Railway Project

ER Employer's requirements (Request for Proposals Document on the
EPC/Turnkey Contract for Awash-Weldia Railway Project;
ET/ERC/EPC-Awash Haragebeya/11001; December 13,2011)
ERC Ethiopian Railways Corporation
YM Yapı Merkezi (The Design/Build Contactor)

2.2 References

 ER- Employer's Requirements

 Stations and Facilities Design Manual (AKH-YMI-DD-GL00X-D-AR-REP-
0001-0)
 Endemic plants of Ethiopia Preliminary working list to contribute to National
plant conservation target, Tesfaye Awas(Phd), Institute of Biodiversity
Conservation, 2009
 Red list of endemic trees&shrubs of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Jose Luis Vivero,
Ensermu Kelbessa and Sebsebe Demissev, 2005
 Golf Course Irrigation: Environmental Design and Management Practices;
James Barrett, Brian Vinchesi, Robert Dobson, Paul Roche, David
Zoldoske,2004

3 INTRODUCTION
Awash-Kombolcha-Hara railway is to start from northeast end of the region,
continuing towards the north of the region, as it will finally reach out to Weldia town to
complete its route. Besides public and freight transportation, this railway line would
serve to import and export activities from Djibouti. Hence, it would be a part of the
connection between the northern and the central parts of the region.

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

Figure 3-1 Stations of AKH Railway

There are 11 main zones on the line. 4 of them are terminal stations, 6 of them are
intermediate stations, 4 freightyard facilities and 1 depot zone.

4 Terminal stations listed below:

1. Awash Station + Freightyard

2. Shewarobit Station + Freightyard
3. Kombolcha Station
4. Hayk Station

6 İntermediate stations listed below:

1. Amibara Station
2. Senbete Station
3. Karakore Station
4. Mekoy Station
5. Mersa Station
6. Haragebeya Station + Freightyard

4 Freightyard facilities listed below:

1. Awash Freightyard
2. Shewarobit Freightyard
3. Kombolcha Freightyard

1 Depot zone listed below:

1. Kombolcha

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
4 CRITERIA OF SOFTSCAPE PLANNING

 Indigenous plants and local row materials will be used to reduce cost of the
implementation. Simple planting measures are going to be employed so as to
increase the self-sustaining, refresh and development capacities which eventually
reduce the implementation, management and maintenance cost. (ref ER, clause
15.1)

 Green areas of stations and yards will be design with a protective approach.

 Existing conditions such as Topographic structure, climate (temperature,

precipitation, wind direction,…etc.), soil and water quality and environmental
effects of the project area will be determined by territorial analysis as well as
obtaining the necessary documentation from relevant authorities. Additionally, by
use of architectural plans, good and bad vision along with focus points are going
to be investigated in the project.

5 STATIONS

4 Terminal stations and 6 intermediate stations and 1 depot zone describe below;

Figure 5-1 General view to AKH Railway

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
PHASE 1

5.1 Awash Station

Awash station is the first and terminal station of the railway. It is located at KM 2+369
of the railway. Location of this station is close to the Awash National Park and Awash
River.

5.2 Amibara Station

Amibara station is located at KM 35+893. This station is an intermediate and second

station on the line. It is close to Aledeghi Wildlife Reserve.

5.3 Shewarobit Station

The third station is Shewarobit. This station is located at KM 120+792 and the
terminal station. This station is close to the Shewarobit city.

5.4 Senbete Station

Senbete is the fourth and intermediate station of the line. It is located at KM

158+900. It is close to the Yangudi Rassa National Park.

5.5 Karakore Station

Karakore station is located at KM 181+526. It is the fifth and an intermediate station.

It is situated 1 km away from No1 Motorway and 3 km from Karakore town.

5.6 Mekoy Station

Mekoy Station is an intermadiate and the sixth station. It is located at KM 216+996. It

is close to Mekoy town.

5.7 Kombolcha Station

Kombolcha station is a terminal type and seventh station. It is located at KM

265+047

5.8 Kombolcha Depot

Kombolcha depot zone is the one depot zone of this line. It is located at KM
268+453. It has depot, workshops and freight yard facilities. It is close to the
Kombolcha Airport and Kombolcha City.

PHASE 2

5.9 Hayk Station

Hayk station is a terminal type station. It is located at KM 306+503. Hayk station is

the eight station and close to the Hayk Lake and nature reserves.

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
5.10 Mersa Station

Mersa Station is the ninth station of the line. It is an intermediate station and
located at KM 359+606

5.11 Hara Gebeya Station

Hara Gebeya is the last station of the line. It is located at 389+005. It is close to
the city Hara Gebeya.

6 PLANTATION
In this section, plant species that are chosen for plantation of the stations will be
presented with their illustrations. Species shown on the plantation projects will be
explained with their sizes while these projects are planned in 3 different zones,
particularly named "Terminal Stations", "Intermediate Stations" and "Depot Zone".

Kombolcha Depot
Plant Name / Station Name Hara Gebeya
Shewarobit

Kombolcha
Karakore
Amibara

Senbete

Mekoy
Awash

Meksa

Hayk
TREES
Acacia polyacantha x x x
Delonix regia x
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Melia azedarach x x x
Schinus molle
Spathodea campanulata x
SHRUBS
Boungainvilea sp.
Callistemon citrinus
Choloris gayana
Hibiscus rosa sinensis x x x x x
Lantana viburnoides x x x
Pennisetum pedicellatum x x x x x
GROUNDCOVERS
Carpobrotus edulis or
Mesembryanthemmum

Proper for this station altitude

X Not proper for this station altitude

Figure 6-1 Plant species for stations

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

Altitude
Plant Name Local Name
(m)

TREES
Acacia polyacantha Falcon's Claw Acacia 200-1800
Delonix regia Yedredawa Zaf 0-2000
Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 0-1800
Melia azedarach Persian lilac 0-1800
Schinus molle Qundo berbere 0-2400
Spathodea campanulata Tulip tree 0-2000
SHRUBS
Boungainvilea sp. Lilac flowers 0-2300
Callistemon citrinus Bottle brush 0-2300
Choloris gayana Rhodes grass 660-2160
Hibiscus rosa sinensis China rose 1500-2400
Lantana viburnoides var. kisi Lantana 0-1680
Pennisetum pedicellatum Desho grass 1500-2500
GROUNDCOVERS
Carpobrotus edulis or 100 m and
Mesembryanthemmum Ice plant /Fig marigold above

Figure 6-2 Plant species

6.1 Tree species

 Acacia polyacantha (Falcon’s Claw Acacia)

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

 Delonix regia (Yedredawa zaf)

 Jacaranda mimosifolia (Jacaranda)

 Melia azedarach (Persian lilac)

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
 Schinus molle (Qundo berbere)

 Spathodea campanulata (Tulip tree)

6.2 Shrub species

 Boungainvilea sp. (Lilac flowers)

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
 Callistemon citrinus (Bottle brush)

 Choloris gayana (Rhodes grass)

 Hibiscus rosa sinensis (China rose)

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
 Lantana viburnoides var. kisi (Lantana)

 Pennisetum pedicellatum (Desho grass)

6.3 Groundcover species

 Carpobrotus edulis (Ice plant)

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
 Mesembryanthemmum (Fig marigold)

7 DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Drainage systems and calculations have been shown in site storm water projects and
reports.

8 IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Manual irrigation systems have been planned for irrigation of green areas at this project.
Garden taps and hoses will be used for irrigation of the green areas.

Irrigation installation design criterias:

1. Tap flow rate will be 2-4 m3/h,

2. Flow pressure will be 15 mWG,
3. Booster pumps will be provided as 1 main and 1 spare.
4. Half of the green areas will be irrigated in a day in 12 hours. Therefore Total green
area will be irrigated in 2 days.
5. Water tank will be sized based on 10 l per green area m2
6. Hose length will be 50 m.

Quick coupling valve box;

Concrete menhole to be pour 60*60*40 (h:40 cm) centimeters of sizes.

For menhole cover shall be used diamond embossed locked sheet 60*60cm of sizes.

Figure 3-1 Irrigation tap and hose illüstration

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

Figure 3-2 Diamond embossed sheet menhole cover illustration

Figure 3-3 Quick coupling valve detail illustration

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
9 ANNEX

9.1 TERMINAL STATIONS LANDSCAPE PRINCIPLE PLANS

9.1.1 AWASH STATION

9.1 FİGURE: AWASH STATION LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.2 FİGURE: AWASH FREIGHTYARD LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
9.1.2 ROBİT STATION

9.3 FİGURE: ROBIT STATION LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.4 FİGURE: ROBIT STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.5 FİGURE: ROBIT FREIGHTYARD LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY
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 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.6 FİGURE: ROBIT FREIGHTYARD IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

Hydraulic Calculation ( For Critical Path )

Total Head
Pipe Diameter Q = Flow Rate V = Water Flow J = Heas Loss Pipe Length
3 Loss
(mm) (m /h) Velocity (m/sn) (m/m) (m)
Hm (mss )
Ø 75 PE 100 - PN
10
10 7,20 0,58 0,0056 0,06
Ø 50 PE 100 - PN
725
10 4,32 0,79 0,0157 11,38
Ø 40 PE 100 - PN
15
10 4,32 1,23 0,0466 0,70
Total 12,14
Consisted Loss Of Valve and Fittings %15 1,82
Pressure Labour of Sprinkler 15
Difference of Level 2
TOTAL ESSENTIAL PRESSURE 30,96

General data required is below for system working;

Selection of Water Booster
Hm = 30 - 50 mss
3
Q= 2X4 m / h (1 Superior + 1 Reserve)

Packaged water booster must be chosen according to above mentioned principles

9.7 TABLE: HYDRAULIC CALCULATION FOR ROBIT STATION AND FREIGHTYARD IRRAGATION
PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.1.3 KOMBOLCHA STATION

9.8 FİGURE: KOMBOLCHA STATION LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY
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 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.9 FİGURE: KOMBOLCHA STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

Hydraulic Calculation ( For Critical Path )

Total Head
Pipe Diameter Q = Flow Rate V = Water Flow J = Heas Loss Pipe Length
3 Loss
(mm) (m /h) Velocity (m/sn) (m/m) (m)
Hm (mss )
Ø 75 PE 100 - PN
65
10 7,20 0,58 0,0056 0,36
Ø 50 PE 100 - PN
430
10 4,32 1,23 0,0466 20,04
Total 20,40
Consisted Loss Of Valve and Fittings %15 3,06
Pressure Labour of Sprinkler 15
Difference of Level 2
TOTAL ESSENTIAL PRESSURE 40,46

General data required is below for system working;

Selection of Water Booster
Hm = 40 - 60 mss
3
Q= 2x3 m / h (1 Superior + 1 Reserve)

Packaged water booster must be chosen according to above mentioned principles

9.10 TABLE: HYDRAULIC CALCULATION FOR KOMBOLCHA STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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9.2 INTERMEDIATE STATIONS LANDSCAPE PRINCIPLE PLANS

9.2.1 AMIBARA STATION

9.11 FİGURE: AMIBARA STATION LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.12 FİGURE: AMIBARA STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY
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 ERC AKH Railway Project

Hydraulic Calculation ( For Critical Path )

Total Head
Pipe Diameter Q = Flow Rate V = Water Flow J = Heas Loss Pipe Length
3 Loss
(mm) (m /h) Velocity (m/sn) (m/m) (m)
Hm (mss )
Ø 90 PE 100 - PN
35
10 9,00 0,51 0,0035 0,12
Ø 40 PE 100 - PN
260
10 4,32 1,23 0,0466 12,12
Total 12,24
Consisted Loss Of Valve and Fittings %15 1,84
Pressure Labour of Sprinkler 15
Difference of Level 2
TOTAL ESSENTIAL PRESSURE 31,07

General data required is below for system working;

Selection of Water Booster
Hm = 30 - 50 mss
3
Q= 2x4 m / h (1 Superior + 1 Reserve)

Packaged water booster must be chosen according to above mentioned principles

9.13 TABLE: HYDRAULIC CALCULATION FOR AMIBARA STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
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 ERC AKH Railway Project
9.2.2 SENBETE STATION

9.14 FİGURE: SENBETE STATION LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
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purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 31 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.15 FİGURE: SENBETE STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
This report must not be either loaned, copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part or used for any
purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 32 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project

Hydraulic Calculation ( For Critical Path )

Total Head
Pipe Diameter Q = Flow Rate V = Water Flow J = Heas Loss
3 Pipe Length (m) Loss
(mm) (m /h) Velocity (m/sn) (m/m)
Hm (mss )
Ø 90 PE 100 - PN
35
10 9,00 0,51 0,0035 0,12
Ø 40 PE 100 - PN
200
10 4,32 1,23 0,0466 9,32
Total 9,44
Consisted Loss Of Valve and Fittings %15 1,42
Pressure Labour of Sprinkler 15
Difference of Level 2
TOTAL ESSENTIAL PRESSURE 27,86

General data required is below for system working;

Selection of Water Booster
Hm = 30 - 50 mss
3
Q= 2x4 m / h (1 Superior + 1 Reserve)

Packaged water booster must be chosen according to above mentioned principles

9.16 TABLE: HYDRAULIC CALCULATION FOR SENBETE STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
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purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 33 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project
9.2.3 KARAKORE STATION

9.17 FİGURE: KARAKORE STATION LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY
BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
This report must not be either loaned, copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part or used for any
purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 34 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.18 FİGURE: KARAKORE STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY
BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
This report must not be either loaned, copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part or used for any
purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 35 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project

Hydraulic Calculation ( For Critical Path )

Total Head
Pipe Diameter Q = Flow Rate V = Water Flow J = Heas Loss
3 Pipe Length (m) Loss
(mm) (m /h) Velocity (m/sn) (m/m)
Hm (mss )
Ø 90 PE 100 - PN
35
10 9,00 0,51 0,0035 0,12
Ø 40 PE 100 - PN
270
10 4,32 1,23 0,0466 12,58
Total 12,70
Consisted Loss Of Valve and Fittings %15 1,91
Pressure Labour of Sprinkler 15
Difference of Level 2
TOTAL ESSENTIAL PRESSURE 31,61

General data required is below for system working;

Selection of Water Booster
Hm = 30 - 50 mss
3
Q= 2x4 m / h (1 Superior + 1 Reserve)

Packaged water booster must be chosen according to above mentioned principles

9.20 TABLE: HYDRAULIC CALCULATION FOR KARAKORE STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
This report must not be either loaned, copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part or used for any
purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 36 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project
9.2.4 MEKOY STATION

9.21 FİGURE: MEKOY STATION LANDSCAPE PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
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purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 37 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project

9.22 FİGURE: MEKOY STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY
BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
This report must not be either loaned, copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part or used for any
purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 38 / 39
 ERC AKH Railway Project

Hydraulic Calculation ( For Critical Path )

Total Head
Pipe Diameter Q = Flow Rate V = Water Flow J = Heas Loss
3 Pipe Length (m) Loss
(mm) (m /h) Velocity (m/sn) (m/m)
Hm (mss )
Ø 90 PE 100 - PN
40
10 9,00 0,51 0,0035 0,14
Ø 40 PE 100 - PN
250
10 4,32 1,23 0,0466 11,65
Total 11,79
Consisted Loss Of Valve and Fittings %15 1,77
Pressure Labour of Sprinkler 15
Difference of Level 2
TOTAL ESSENTIAL PRESSURE 30,56

General data required is below for system working;

Selection of Water Booster
Hm = 30 - 50 mss
3
Q= 2x4 m / h (1 Superior + 1 Reserve)

Packaged water booster must be chosen according to above mentioned principles

9.23 TABLE: HYDRAULIC CALCULATION FOR MEKOY STATION IRRAGATION PROJECT

STATIONS AND AUXILIARY

BUILDINGS LANDSCAPE DESIGN AKH – YMI – DD – GL00X – G – LA – REP – 0001 – 0 06.07.2017
MANUEL (PHASE 1)
This report must not be either loaned, copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part or used for any
purpos without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 Page: 39 / 39